From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 30 Nov 2021 15:41:22 +0000 (-0500) Subject: new getconf shell builtin X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=fffe80d438966ab089444c13f61a06c6d325449c;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git new getconf shell builtin --- diff --git a/COMPAT b/COMPAT index 5cfb83600..019805b4c 100644 --- a/COMPAT +++ b/COMPAT @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ Compatibility with previous versions ==================================== This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash, -bash-5.1, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is +bash-5.2, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is still the `standard' version for Mac OS X), 4.2/4.3 (which are still -standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4/bash-5.0, the current -widely-available versions. These were discovered by users of bash-2.x -through 5.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these +standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4/bash-5.0/bash-5.1, +the current widely-available versions. These were discovered by users of +bash-2.x through 5.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current version and versions 2.0 and above. @@ -419,6 +419,14 @@ above. options that posix mode modifies to the state they had before enabling posix mode. Previous versions restored these options to default values. +66. Bash-5.2 attempts to prevent double-expansion of array subscripts under + certain circumstances, especially arithmetic evaluation, by acting as if + the `assoc_expand_once' shell option were set. + +67. The `unset' builtin in bash-5.2 treats array subscripts `@' and `*' + differently than previous versions, and differently depending on whether + the array is indexed or associative. + Shell Compatibility Level ========================= @@ -543,6 +551,7 @@ compat50 (set using BASH_COMPAT) output in a format that can be reused as input (-l). Bash-5.1 suppresses that message if -l is supplied +compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 527438e74..f9476b20a 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -2448,7 +2448,8 @@ configure.ac,patchlevel.h quotearray3.sub, new-exp10.sub, history2.sub). The first three are because bash-5.2 flushes an indexed array but does not unset the variable when given `unset a[@]' or `unset[*]' (that is, it acts - like `a=()' instead of `unset a'). + like `a=()' instead of `unset a'); the other two are because the + version number changed 11/8 ---- @@ -2502,3 +2503,44 @@ subst.c attribute that modifies the value on assignment. Reported back on 1/20/2021 by oguzismailuysal@gmail.com; bash-5.2 tag removed + 11/22 + ----- +doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} + - unset: change the description of `unset name[@]' (unset name[*]) + to reflect the new behavior (unset associative array subscripts or + remove all elements from an indexed array) and the difference from + previous versions + - set: document -r for restricted shell mode + - restricted shell: change occurrences of `set +o restricted' to + `shopt -u restricted_shell'. From a report from + Jin Xiang + - read: note that read -t0 may return 0 if a subsequent read will + return EOF. From a suggestion by Dale R. Worley + + +execute_cmd.c + - execute_arith_command,eval_arith_for_expr: don't pass EXP_EXPANDED + to evalexp if shell_compatibility_level > 5.1, assuming that the + expression has been quoted by Q_ARITH handling + +test.c + - test_arithcomp: if we're being called by the conditional command + code and treating the arguments to the arithmetic operators as + expressions, don't pass EXP_EXPANDED to evalexp if the shell + compatibility level is > 5.1, assuming that the expression has been + quoted by Q_ARITH handling + + 11/29 + ----- +examples/loadables/getconf.[ch] + - getconf: new implementation of loadable builtin, based on glibc + getconf + +examples/loadables/sleep.c + - parse_gnutimefmt: parse GNU interval format (2m30s), returning + seconds and microseconds like uconvert + - sleep: use parse_gnutimefmt if uconvert can't parse the format right + away and "dhms" appears in the format string. Don't return + EX_DISKFALLBACK under any circumstances + + diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index 3a1dbf444..8755145b9 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -725,8 +725,8 @@ examples/loadables/setpgid.c f examples/loadables/sleep.c f examples/loadables/strftime.c f examples/loadables/truefalse.c f -#examples/loadables/getconf.h f -#examples/loadables/getconf.c f +examples/loadables/getconf.h f +examples/loadables/getconf.c f examples/loadables/fdflags.c f examples/loadables/finfo.c f examples/loadables/cat.c f diff --git a/RBASH b/RBASH index 656be0322..7d0a5e8d1 100644 --- a/RBASH +++ b/RBASH @@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: * Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins. * Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin. - * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'set +o restricted'. + * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u + restricted_shell'. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. diff --git a/builtins/declare.def b/builtins/declare.def index 48797a2c8..58413853d 100644 --- a/builtins/declare.def +++ b/builtins/declare.def @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ declare_internal (list, local_var) name = savestring (list->word->word); wflags = list->word->flags; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) - assoc_noexpand = (assoc_expand_once || expand_once_flag) && (wflags & W_ASSIGNMENT); + assoc_noexpand = assoc_expand_once && (wflags & W_ASSIGNMENT); #else assoc_noexpand = 0; #endif diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 2c1c72a09..62e1bab9d 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1532,85 +1532,88 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS stroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and asso- ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable - does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or - uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire - array. - - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- + does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, re- + moves the entire array. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or + @@, behaves differently depending on whether _n_a_m_e is an indexed or asso- + ciative array. If _n_a_m_e is an associative array, this unsets the ele- + ment with subscript ** or @@. If _n_a_m_e is an indexed array, unset removes + all of the elements but does not remove the array itself. + + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax de- scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path- name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- - ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative ar- + ray. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- - crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a - single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in- + crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a + single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex- pansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single letters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each - number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed - with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y - begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to - contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When - letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- - graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. - Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed + with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x or _y + begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to + contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When + letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- + graphically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the default C locale. + Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type (integer or letter). + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex- pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A - {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1621,36 +1624,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- - places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD re- + places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1659,139 +1662,139 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as- - signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- + signments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the ex- panded value. - Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions + Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of variable assignments (as described above under PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) when they - appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except + appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except for the _d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands listed above, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em- - bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- + bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan- sion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of indirection. BBaasshh uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the new _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The value is subject to tilde ex- - pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- - pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the - parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete - indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of - ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex- + pansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the + parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete + indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of + ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be- - low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- + low (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un- set. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa- rameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the + or an associative array name, the results differ as described + below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are + and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value - of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- - sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note - that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at + of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the expan- + sion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. Note + that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expansion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- + greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of + -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with ${_p_a_- + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un- defined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- - fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de- + fault. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- - _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- - stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of _p_a_- + _r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value sub- + stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed - array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- - terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the + array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in- + terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} @@ -1799,15 +1802,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of - the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the - expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern - (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' - case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal op- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of + the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern + (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' + case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal op- eration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array vari- - able subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion + able subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is + applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} @@ -1815,15 +1818,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion - of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- - pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the ex- + pansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} @@ -1831,106 +1834,106 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//##_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//%%_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- - able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- - stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. _s_t_r_i_n_g undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari- + able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub- + stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the rules described under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. In the first form - above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two + above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two slashes separating _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n (the second form - above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match + above), all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is preceded by ## (the third form above), it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the - end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of - _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is + is preceded by %% (the fourth form above), it must match at the + end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If the expansion of + _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - may be omitted. If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is en- + may be omitted. If the ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt shell option is en- abled using sshhoopptt, any unquoted instances of && in _s_t_r_i_n_g are re- - placed with the matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Backslash is used - to quote && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the backslash is removed in order to per- - mit a literal && in the replacement string. Users should take - care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions - between the backslash and double-quoting. Pattern substitution - performs the check for && after expanding _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell program- - mers should quote backslashes intended to escape the && and in- + placed with the matching portion of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Backslash is used + to quote && in _s_t_r_i_n_g; the backslash is removed in order to per- + mit a literal && in the replacement string. Users should take + care if _s_t_r_i_n_g is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions + between the backslash and double-quoting. Pattern substitution + performs the check for && after expanding _s_t_r_i_n_g; shell program- + mers should quote backslashes intended to escape the && and in- hibit replacement so they survive any quote removal performed by the expansion of _s_t_r_i_n_g. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is en- - abled, the match is performed without regard to the case of al- - phabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion + abled, the match is performed without regard to the case of al- + phabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution + operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and + the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array + variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is + applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ op- erator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to uppercase; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. - The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the - expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only - the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- - ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character in the + expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert only + the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is omit- + ted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- + UU The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper- case. - uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + uu The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is alphabetic. - LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- + LL The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower- case. - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. KK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_- _e_t_e_r, except that it prints the values of indexed and as- - sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs + sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs (see AArrrraayyss above). - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- - ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words + kk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val- + ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words after word splitting. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1944,121 +1947,121 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- - ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou- + ble quotes, but double quote characters in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n are not treated specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo param- - eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. - The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. + eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal. + The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, - and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other - than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, - ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as - long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- - space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, + and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, + ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as + long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- + space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A - sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. + sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re- sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When - a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is + a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and - replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the - pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are - found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left - unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, - the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no - matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not + replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the + pattern (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are + found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left + unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, + the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no + matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is per- - formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a - pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the - start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex- - plicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match + formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a + pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the + start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex- + plicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. In order to match the filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''', the pattern must begin with ``.'' (for example, ``.?''), even if ddoottgglloobb is set. When not matching pathnames, - the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- - name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash - in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a - special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. - See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a - description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell + the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- + name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash + in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a + special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. + See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a + description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed - from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- - ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- + ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null + NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other - filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior - of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the + filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior + of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. @@ -2066,59 +2069,59 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- - rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more di- + rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se- quence and character set, is matched. If the first char- - acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character + acter following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters - in range expressions is determined by the current locale - and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell vari- - ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation + in range expressions is determined by the current locale + and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell vari- + ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified us- - ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- + ing the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with + the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo- cale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. - If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the - shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the + If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, the + shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns - separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more + separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following sub-patterns: ??((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) @@ -2133,78 +2136,78 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Matches anything except one of the given patterns When matching filenames, the ddoottgglloobb shell option determines the set of - filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- - names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..'' - must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; - when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning - with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As + filenames that are tested: when ddoottgglloobb is enabled, the set of file- + names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..'' + must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; + when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning + with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As above, ``.'' only has a special meaning when matching filenames. Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es- pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain - multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or + multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster. QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _R_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines - the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- - ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- + ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- grammer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually. The vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee shell option manages this behavior. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; - otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2214,22 +2217,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2237,27 +2240,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- - pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex- + pansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re- sults from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file de- - scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + scriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2265,11 +2268,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er- ror: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2281,13 +2284,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDee-- ssccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2301,10 +2304,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2313,18 +2316,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of - _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, - and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is un- - quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex- - pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of + _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, + and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is un- + quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex- + pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the charac- ters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- - lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This al- + lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2332,9 +2335,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, - command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- - name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is + The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, + command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- + name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2344,8 +2347,8 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file de- scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. @@ -2354,12 +2357,12 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2367,7 +2370,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2375,7 +2378,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2383,144 +2386,144 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If arguments are needed, use a shell function (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and - all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the - commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded - when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias - definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take - effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following - the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. - This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases - are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function - is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a - consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- - ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input, and + all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the + commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded + when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias + definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take + effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following + the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias. + This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases + are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function + is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a + consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af- + ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini- tions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- - terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in- + terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- - tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be- + tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the - function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- - able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children + function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- + able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables - with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local - variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same - name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving - the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global + with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local + variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same + name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving + the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. - The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility - within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their - values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- - cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a - function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether - that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is - also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the + The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility + within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their + values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- + cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a + function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether + that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is + also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function returns. - For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, - and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from + For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, + and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from within _f_u_n_c_2 will resolve to the local variable _v_a_r from _f_u_n_c_1, shadow- ing any global variable named _v_a_r. The uunnsseett builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset - will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described - above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- - main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. - Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous + will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described + above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re- + main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns. + Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previ- - ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been + ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- - fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de- + fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex- ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed be- - fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- - cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe- + cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined with the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re- cursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op- erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. @@ -2549,55 +2552,55 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc- - tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- - bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- - ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- - ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When + tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num- + bers take the form [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal num- + ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a num- + ber in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are - represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, - in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- - percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- + represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, + in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up- + percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be- tween 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their - behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. The tteesstt and [[ commands determine their + behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions. - Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. - BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- + Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries. + BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres- sions. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these - special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- - ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in- + ternally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2636,30 +2639,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2669,8 +2672,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2684,113 +2687,113 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and - _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex- - pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the + pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the following order. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists - only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements - are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added - to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- + shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists + only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements + are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added + to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur- rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a - value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits + value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- - fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af- + fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to re- - member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + member the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of - itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the + itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with - the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent - (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the + the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent + (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2798,282 +2801,282 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. A _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l is a copy of the shell process. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re- - set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- + set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the de- fault standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. Oth- - erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- + erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call- ing shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- - vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in- + vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and ddee-- - ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + ccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re- - placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- - turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re- + turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in- valid options or missing arguments. The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame- ter $?. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- - less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un- + less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ig- nores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef- - fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + fect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP us- ing ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. - When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground + When job control is not enabled, and bbaasshh is waiting for a foreground command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such - as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send + as SSIIGGIINNTT (usually generated by ^^CC) that users commonly intend to send to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in the same process group as the terminal, and ^^CC sends SSIIGGIINNTT to all pro- cesses in that process group. - When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT - while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground + When bbaasshh is running without job control enabled and receives SSIIGGIINNTT + while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground command terminates and then decides what to do about the SSIIGGIINNTT: 1. If the command terminates due to the SSIIGGIINNTT, bbaasshh concludes that - the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT + the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the SSIIGGIINNTT (e.g., by running a SSIIGGIINNTT trap or exiting itself); - 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program - handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- - nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- - nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part - of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort + 2. If the command does not terminate due to SSIIGGIINNTT, the program + handled the SSIIGGIINNTT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig- + nal. In that case, bbaasshh does not treat SSIIGGIINNTT as a fatal sig- + nal, either, instead assuming that the SSIIGGIINNTT was used as part + of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, bbaasshh will - run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped - signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- + run any trap set on SSIIGGIINNTT, as it does with any other trapped + signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com- mand to complete, for compatibility. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the ex- - ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- - terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + ecution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in- + terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re- - turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + turned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- - gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped job whose command name be- + gins with ccee. If a prefix matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the - string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one + string ccee in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was - in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may - be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was + in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may + be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with - a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying + a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that ex- its. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option causes wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process ter- minates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- - scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- - abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting - a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as de- + scribed above before tracing each command when the --xx option is en- + abled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting + a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is in- serted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in - a locale-specific time representation. The braces are + a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) \\hh the hostname up to the first `.' @@ -3082,7 +3085,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -3091,8 +3094,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE - abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the + \\ww the value of the PPWWDD shell variable ($$PPWWDD), with $$HHOOMMEE + abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM variable) \\WW the basename of $$PPWWDD, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde \\!! the history number of this command @@ -3100,70 +3103,70 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- - low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- - mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is - decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY be- + low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com- + mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is + decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under - SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if - escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or + SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). This can have unwanted side effects if + escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or contain characters special to word expansion. RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _~_/_._i_n_- - _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate - default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- - brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings - and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed - in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines - beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate - conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable + _p_u_t_r_c. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate + default is _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline li- + brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings + and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed + in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines + beginning with a ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate + conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -3171,18 +3174,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3194,15 +3197,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3210,7 +3213,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3221,7 +3224,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3231,20 +3234,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3255,81 +3258,81 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e or using the bbiinndd builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the + If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- - ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of + ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. If there is a color defini- - tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- - pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix + tion in $$LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com- + pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix instead of its default. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) - The number of screen columns used to display possible matches - when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less - than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 - will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline - treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is - greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline - will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise - they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline + will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise + they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) @@ -3337,219 +3340,219 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a - key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes - and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 - escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, - which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes + and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 + escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, + which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--aaccttiivvee--rreeggiioonn ((OOnn)) - The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a - saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is - referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, - readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- - _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text - in the region using the terminal's standout mode. The active + The _p_o_i_n_t is the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to a + saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is + referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. When this variable is set to _O_n, + readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _a_c_- + _t_i_v_e. When the region is active, readline highlights the text + in the region using the terminal's standout mode. The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any match- ing text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way + When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char- - acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- - vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- + acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- + vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- mands. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar- row keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at- tempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a - new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re- - gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, - but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- - ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re- + ceived within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddii-- rreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in- stead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- - cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. + If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- + cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_o_d_e_-_s_t_r_i_n_g). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt - when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value + when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, - extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no + extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- - stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for in- + stance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. vveerrssiioonn - The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons - against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands - to the current readline version. The set of comparison - operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. - The version number supplied on the right side of the op- - erator consists of a major version number, an optional + The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons + against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands + to the current readline version. The set of comparison + operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. + The version number supplied on the right side of the op- + erator consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 77..11). - If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. + If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. The operator may be separated from the string vveerrssiioonn and from the version number argument by whitespace. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- - specific settings. Each program using the readline li- - brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + specific settings. Each program using the readline li- + brary sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3559,12 +3562,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e The _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e construct provides simple equality tests for - readline variables and values. The permitted comparison - operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be + readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the - operator may be separated from the value on the right - hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- - ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested + operator may be separated from the value on the right + hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- + ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values _o_n and _o_f_f. $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $$iiff @@ -3574,51 +3577,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3634,33 +3637,33 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the - previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired - effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than - one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect - if the current Readline line does not take up more than one - physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ddiissppllaayy ((MM--CC--ll)) - Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback - buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line + Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback + buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line at the top of the screen. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur- - rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh + rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3668,79 +3671,79 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. A - numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. A + numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. ffeettcchh--hhiissttoorryy - With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list + With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to the first entry in the history list. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the current cursor po- - sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a + sition (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters + Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search - string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in- cremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- - serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in- + serts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. @@ -3749,75 +3752,75 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXX-- PPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDD-- IITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt _e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd)) - The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by - ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- - ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- + ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see above for the effects. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar- gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3826,31 +3829,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3859,64 +3862,64 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the nu- meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei- - ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar- gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com- mand is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3925,67 +3928,67 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) - Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for + Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) @@ -3993,204 +3996,204 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re- moved, the line will be executed by the shell. ssppeellll--ccoorrrreecctt--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx ss)) - Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as - a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell - option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by + Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as + a directory or filename, in the same way as the ccddssppeellll shell + option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- - pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is - used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is + used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com- pletions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex- pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac- ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- mable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined - with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no - default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as - a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. If there is no + default compspec, bbaasshh attempts alias expansion on the command word as + a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word from any successful expansion. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG op- - tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- - ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are be- + ing completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was de- fined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de- fault completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -4201,167 +4204,167 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is - overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is un- - writable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is - set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his- + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is un- + writable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is + set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his- tory comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. - This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from - other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is - truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE - is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less + This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is + truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE + is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- - nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma- + nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell op- tions. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each - line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- - count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of - that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- - able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac- + count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His- - tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- - sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single - quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex- - pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes + tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- + sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single + quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex- + pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- - tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell op- + tion is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be - omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If - _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. If + _s_t_r_i_n_g is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if there is no previous search string. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex- pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. - %% The first word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search, if - the search string begins with a character that is part of a + %% The first word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search, if + the search string begins with a character that is part of a word. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. If xx is miss- ing, it defaults to 0. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod- ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event. @@ -4371,24 +4374,24 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at - bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + bbllaannkkss and newlines. The qq and xx modifiers are mutually exclu- sive; the last one supplied is used. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /. - The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. - A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set - to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- - tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. + A single backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set + to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substi- + tutions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. If _n_e_w is null, each matching _o_l_d is deleted. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. GG Apply the following `ss' or `&&' modifier once to each word in the event line. @@ -4397,56 +4400,56 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell en- - vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, but _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not need to be executable. The file - searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not - in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is searched if no file is - found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin - command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- - _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when - _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are - unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on + searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. When bbaasshh is not + in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is searched if no file is + found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option to the sshhoopptt builtin + command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not searched. If any _a_r_g_u_- + _m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the positional parameters when + _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are + unchanged. If the --TT option is enabled, .. inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored - around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- + around the call to .., and .. unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it exe- cutes. If --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG - trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return - status is the status of the last command exited within the + trap, the new value is retained when .. completes. The return + status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- - turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass re- + turns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4456,30 +4459,30 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_l_i_n_e - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap- - pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but - each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; - e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, + pear in a rreeaaddlliinnee initialization file such as _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but + each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; + e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4492,188 +4495,188 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is en- - tered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + tered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT and RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK - variables to the current location of the insertion point - and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. - The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied + variables to the current location of the insertion point + and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. + The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied to the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__AARRGGUUMMEENNTT variable. If there was no argu- - ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command - changes the value of any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, those new values will be + ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command + changes the value of any of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE, RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, or RREEAADDLLIINNEE__MMAARRKK, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a format that can be reused as in- put. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex- - ited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex- + ited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. The vari- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. The vari- able CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for the directory containing - _d_i_r: each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alter- - native directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). - A null directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current di- - rectory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDD-- - PPAATTHH is not used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical + _d_i_r: each directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alter- + native directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). + A null directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current di- + rectory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDD-- + PPAATTHH is not used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing - _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the + _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces sym- - bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process- - ing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is pro- - cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component - from _d_i_r, back to a slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee - option is supplied with --PP, and the current working directory - cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory - change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that + bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process- + ing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is pro- + cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component + from _d_i_r, back to a slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee + option is supplied with --PP, and the current working directory + cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory + change, ccdd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the --@@ option presents the extended attributes asso- - ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -- is con- - verted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If - a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the - first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab- - solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the + ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -- is con- + verted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If + a non-empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the + first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab- + solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard output. If the directory change is successful, ccdd sets - the value of the PPWWDD environment variable to the new directory - name, and sets the OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of - the current working directory before the change. The return - value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false + the value of the PPWWDD environment variable to the new directory + name, and sets the OOLLDDPPWWDD environment variable to the value of + the current working directory before the change. The return + value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv op- - tion is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv op- + tion is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa- + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa- cilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] - [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_- + [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_- _f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other sup- - plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- - mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for - which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option - indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply - to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted - on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied - options and actions should apply to completion on the initial - non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter - such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If - multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence + plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- + mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for + which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option + indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply + to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted + on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied + options and actions should apply to completion on the initial + non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter + such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If + multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or - --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these + --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case specified by the option. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the de- - fault) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the de- + fault) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are + After any matches defined by the compspec are generated, directory name completion is at- tempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4681,7 +4684,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4690,17 +4693,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4709,197 +4712,197 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose ar- guments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) is - the word preceding the word being completed on the cur- - rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + the word preceding the word being completed on the cur- + rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] - Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_- + Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_- _t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es are - supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion op- - tions for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de- - scribed above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied op- - tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion op- + tions for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin de- + scribed above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied op- + tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other - supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion - on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- - mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of en- - closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) - is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of en- + closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) + is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiiIIllnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the at- - tributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option will + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the at- + tributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits - the display of function definitions; only the function name and + the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled - using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each - _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies + using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each + _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a shell func- - tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes - local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f + tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The --II option causes + local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _n_a_m_e - at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the + at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the local variable is initially unset. The following options can be - used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri- + used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri- bute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions in- - herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell. + herit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the en- + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the en- vironment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with - the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array - variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + the exceptions that ++aa and ++AA may not be used to destroy array + variables and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as - with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a - variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable - is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- - ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do - not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value + with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a + variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable + is set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assign- + ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do + not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as- sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as- - signment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + signment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di- - rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc- - tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the - list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di- + rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc- + tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the + list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. The current directory is always the first direc- tory in the stack. - --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en- + --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en- tries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell re- + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell re- ceives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means - to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ar- + to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ar- gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these es- - cape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean - the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape se- + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these es- + cape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean + the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape se- quences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4912,200 +4915,200 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are en- - abled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are en- + abled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. Bash will use the value of the BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH variable as a colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The default is system-dependent. The --dd option will - delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of - shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the + _n_a_m_e. The default is system-dependent. The --dd option will + delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of + shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is supplied, the list - printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or - not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the output is re- - stricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. If no options are sup- - plied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin, eennaabbllee will attempt to - load _n_a_m_e from a shared object named _n_a_m_e, as if the command - were ``enable -f _n_a_m_e _n_a_m_e . The return value is 0 unless a - _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new + printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or + not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the output is re- + stricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. If no options are sup- + plied and a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin, eennaabbllee will attempt to + load _n_a_m_e from a shared object named _n_a_m_e, as if the command + were ``enable -f _n_a_m_e _n_a_m_e . The return value is 0 unless a + _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_- - _g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + _g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). When listing, a - _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to - the current command (usually the ffcc command); otherwise 0 is - equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not specified, - it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l - -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If - _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous command for + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). When listing, a + _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to + the current command (usually the ffcc command); otherwise 0 is + equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _l_a_s_t is not specified, + it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l + -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If + _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in- - valid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in- + valid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g _._._.] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex- + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex- pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by - white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be - used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be + used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op- tion requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automatically; - it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss - within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is + it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss + within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used. When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a re- turn value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more - arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in- + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + arguments are supplied as _a_r_g values, ggeettooppttss parses those in- stead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPP-- + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPP-- TTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd op- - tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each - _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which - each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments + tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each + _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which + each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or + mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found + printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -5123,54 +5126,54 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the range of history entries between positions - _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values + Delete the range of history entries between positions + _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines ap- - pended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines ap- + pended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range - is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t or range + is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion sup- plied as an argument to --pp fails. jjoobbss [--llnnpprrss] [ _j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... ] @@ -5178,15 +5181,15 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in @@ -5195,142 +5198,142 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op- tion is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of sseett commands were exe- - cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func- - tion. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables - to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not - within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used - outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a + cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func- + tion. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables + to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not + within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used + outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_- _r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num- - bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. - With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the + bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by ddiirrss. + With no arguments, ppooppdd removes the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup- plied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma- nipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For - example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero, from the stack. For + example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the - _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change + If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the + _-_n option was not supplied, ppooppdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppooppdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- + Otherwise, ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encoun- tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory stack entry is specified. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the - final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is + If the ppooppdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is 0. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. - %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- + %%QQ like %%qq, but applies any supplied precision to the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t before quoting it. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar- gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been - given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- + given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behav- ior. The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci- @@ -5338,104 +5341,104 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument, which usually contains more characters than the original. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- - ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two ele- + ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top After the stack has been modified, if the --nn option was not sup- - plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at + plied, ppuusshhdd uses the ccdd builtin to change to the directory at the top of the stack. If the ccdd fails, ppuusshhdd returns a non-zero value. - Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless - the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory - stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a + Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless + the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory + stack, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-existent directory stack element is specified. - If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the + If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, bash runs ddiirrss to show the final contents of the directory stack. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in- valid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de- scriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split into - words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first - word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- - ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the + words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first + word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the sec- + ond _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into - words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- - scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de- + scribed above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable _a_n_a_m_e, starting at 0. _a_n_a_m_e is unset before any - new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- + new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ig- nored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the in- - put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + put line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was - not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- line's default filename completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5443,25 +5446,26 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- - turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The - exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified - file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is - greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd re- + turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The + exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified + file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero + otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the + timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read, without the ending de- @@ -5643,138 +5647,140 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. + --rr Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un- + set once it has been set. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex- - ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + ecuted in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op- tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the - shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- - turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- + shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The re- + turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- - set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. - If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are un- + set. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $$##. + If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional param- - eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero + eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op- tions have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- - tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op- + tions, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- - sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression - evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform - variable assignments, and while executing builtins that + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as- + sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression + evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform + variable assignments, and while executing builtins that perform array dereferencing. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command + second exit is attempted without an intervening command (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones ex- iting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the - values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. This option is enabled by default. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 ccoommppaatt3322 @@ -5784,117 +5790,117 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccoommppaatt4433 ccoommppaatt4444 ccoommppaatt5500 - These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode + These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode (see SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE below). ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- - pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex- + pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, + If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file, arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell - starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- - ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers + starts, identical to the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set af- + ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- - ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- - scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- + ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a de- + scription of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by de- fault. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- - parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- - quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate - between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se- + quence is not taken into account, so bb will not collate + between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt @@ -5902,25 +5908,25 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named + If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell ex- its, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt @@ -5928,23 +5934,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This op- tion is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. @@ -5955,54 +5961,54 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS tribute is not inherited. llooccaallvvaarr__uunnsseett - If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous - function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find - them unset until that function returns. This is identi- - cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the + If set, calling uunnsseett on local variables in previous + function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find + them unset until that function returns. This is identi- + cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function scope. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- - tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not at- + tempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnooeexxppaanndd__ttrraannssllaattiioonn - If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." - quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If + If set, bbaasshh encloses the translated results of $"..." + quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is not translated, this has no effect. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. ppaattssuubb__rreeppllaacceemmeenntt If set, bbaasshh expands occurrences of && in the replacement - string of pattern substitution to the text matched by - the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn + string of pattern substitution to the text matched by + the pattern, as described under PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn above. This option is enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp @@ -6011,68 +6017,68 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprrooggccoommpp__aalliiaass - If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh - treats a command name that doesn't have any completions - as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it - has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- + If set, and programmable completion is enabled, bbaasshh + treats a command name that doesn't have any completions + as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it + has an alias, bbaasshh attempts programmable completion us- ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- - moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re- + moval after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in re- - stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + The shell sets this option if it is started in re- + stricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the .. (ssoouurrccee) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. vvaarrrreeddiirr__cclloossee - If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors + If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors assigned using the _{_v_a_r_n_a_m_e_} redirection syntax (see RREE-- - DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the + DDIIRREECCTTIIOONN above) instead of leaving them open when the command completes. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape se- quences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, - listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- - pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de- + pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -6089,139 +6095,139 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining - arguments. the two-argument test using the second and - third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and - the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- - argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + arguments. the two-argument test using the second and + third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and + the fourth argument is exactly )), the result is the two- + argument test of the second and third arguments. Other- wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell re- + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell re- ceives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a sin- - gle _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its origi- - nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell). - If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c - is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _a_r_g - is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap commands + gle _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its origi- + nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell). + If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c + is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _a_r_g + is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no arguments are - supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the list of com- - mands associated with each signal. The --ll option causes the - shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding - numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined in <_s_i_g_- - _n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive + supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the list of com- + mands associated with each signal. The --ll option causes the + shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding + numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name defined in <_s_i_g_- + _n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) op- tion. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re- - set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re- - turned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name - of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified - as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re- - turn _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re- + turned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name + of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were specified + as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re- + turn _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] --aa uulliimmiitt [--HHSS] [--bbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPRRTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- - spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re- + spectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. - When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and - unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- + When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and + unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op- tions are interpreted as follows: --aa All current limits are reported; no limits are set --bb The maximum socket buffer size --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -6230,132 +6236,132 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals - --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before + --RR The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, in microseconds --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, - which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and - --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and - --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 - unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --RR, which is in microseconds; --pp, + which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and + --uu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, --cc and + --ff, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 + unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. - Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset. + Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS, BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00, BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS, BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD, BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL, BBAASSHHPPIIDD, - CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- - NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are + CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK, EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE, EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS, FFUUNNCC-- + NNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, LLIINNEENNOO, RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, or SSRRAANNDDOOMM are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- only or may not be unset. wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [--pp _v_a_r_n_a_m_e] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running - background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _i_d is not given, wwaaiitt waits for all running + background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if its process id is the same as $$!!, and the return status is zero. - If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from + If the --nn option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for a single job from the list of _i_ds or, if no _i_ds are supplied, any job, to complete - and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments + and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the - shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If - the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the - job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the - variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable - will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful - only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, - when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- + shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If + the --pp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the + job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the + variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e named by the option argument. The variable + will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful + only when the --nn option is supplied. Supplying the --ff option, + when job control is enabled, forces wwaaiitt to wait for _i_d to ter- minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it - changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, - the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the + changes status. If _i_d specifies a non-existent process or job, + the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', spec- ified as a set of options to the shopt builtin ccoommppaatt3311, ccoommppaatt3322, ccoomm-- - ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility + ppaatt4400, ccoommppaatt4411, and so on). There is only one current compatibility level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is - intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that - is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use - current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- + intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that + is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use + current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu- tion. - This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- - lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the - regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, + This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu- + lar version (e.g., setting ccoommppaatt3322 means that quoting the rhs of the + regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). - If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other - compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility - level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior - that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been - present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- - based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier + If a user enables, say, ccoommppaatt3322, it may affect the behavior of other + compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility + level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior + that changed in that version of bbaasshh, but that behavior may have been + present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale- + based comparisons with the [[[[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling ccoommppaatt3322 will enable - ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- - cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility - levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to + ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi- + cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility + levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to find out the current behavior. - Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- + Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT. The value as- signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte- - ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- + ger corresponding to the ccoommppaatt_N_N option, like 42) determines the com- patibility level. - Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility - levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- + Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility + levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of BBAASSHH__CCOOMM-- PPAATT. - Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual - shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on + Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual + shopt option for the previous version. Users should use BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT on bash-5.0 and later versions. - The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each + The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each compatibility level setting. The ccoommppaatt_N_N tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility level to _N_N using one of the following mecha- - nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be - set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and - later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- + nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be + set using the corresponding ccoommppaatt_N_N shopt option. For bash-4.3 and + later versions, the BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT variable is preferred, and it is re- quired for bash-5.1 and later versions. ccoommppaatt3311 @@ -6363,81 +6369,87 @@ SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY MMOODDEE ator (=~) has no special effect ccoommppaatt3322 - +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes - the execution of the next command in the list (in - bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- - ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a + +o interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes + the execution of the next command in the list (in + bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re- + ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a list aborts the execution of the entire list) ccoommppaatt4400 - +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider + +o the << and >> operators to the [[[[ command do not consider the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col- - lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current + lation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt4411 - +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still + +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, ttiimmee may be followed by options and still be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre- tation 267) +o in _p_o_s_i_x mode, the parser requires that an even number of - single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- - quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so - that characters within the single quotes are considered + single quotes occur in the _w_o_r_d portion of a double- + quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so + that characters within the single quotes are considered quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221) ccoommppaatt4422 +o the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu- - tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- + tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver- sions after bash-4.2 - +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when - expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter - expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or - other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- - tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not + +o in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when + expanding the _w_o_r_d portion of a double-quoted parameter + expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or + other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre- + tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not special within double-quoted word expansions ccoommppaatt4433 - +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt - is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- - ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions + +o the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt + is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu- + ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions warn that this usage is deprecated - +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors - that cause the current command to fail, even in posix - mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors + +o word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors + that cause the current command to fail, even in posix + mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit) - +o when executing a shell function, the loop state + +o when executing a shell function, the loop state (while/until/etc.) is not reset, so bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in that function will break or continue loops in the calling - context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- + context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre- vent this ccoommppaatt4444 - +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and - BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional + +o the shell sets up the values used by BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV and + BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC so they can expand to the shell's positional parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled - +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so - bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. - Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the + +o a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so + bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee will cause the subshell to exit. + Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the exit - +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and + +o variable assignments preceding builtins like eexxppoorrtt and rreeaaddoonnllyy that set attributes continue to affect variables with the same name in the calling environment even if the shell is not in posix mode ccoommppaatt5500 - +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- + +o Bash-5.1 changed the way $$RRAANNDDOOMM is generated to intro- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility - level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method - from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- - dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will + level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method + from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran- + dom number generator by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0 - +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior - to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- - fect, even when producing output that can be reused as - input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- + +o If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior + to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef- + fect, even when producing output that can be reused as + input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the --ll op- tion is supplied. + ccoommppaatt5511 + +o The uunnsseett builtin treats attempts to unset array sub- + scripts @@ and ** differently depending on whether the ar- + ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in + previous versions. + RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used @@ -6481,19 +6493,20 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command - +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sseett ++oo rreessttrriicctteedd. + +o turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sshhoopptt --uu rree-- + ssttrriicctteedd__sshheellll. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6511,10 +6524,10 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y - The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the + The default value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE, the file in which bash saves the command history _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6528,15 +6541,15 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/ and _h_t_t_p_:_/_/_g_i_t_._s_a_v_a_n_- _n_a_h_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_c_g_i_t_/_b_a_s_h_._g_i_t_/_s_n_a_p_s_h_o_t_/_b_a_s_h_-_m_a_s_t_e_r_._t_a_r_._g_z. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6547,7 +6560,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6564,10 +6577,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6576,4 +6589,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.1 2021 November 16 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.2 2021 November 22 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index bcea30969..c3dee17b6 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Tue Nov 16 09:55:55 EST 2021 +.\" Last Change: Mon Nov 22 09:58:49 EST 2021 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2021 November 16" "GNU Bash 5.1" +.TH BASH 1 "2021 November 22" "GNU Bash 5.2" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -2828,9 +2828,15 @@ destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP, for both indexed and associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable. -\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or +\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, +removes the entire array. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where -\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array. +\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, behaves differently depending on +whether \fIname\fP is an indexed or associative array. +If \fIname\fP is an associative array, this unsets the element with +subscript \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP. +If \fIname\fP is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but +does not remove the array itself. .PP When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command, such as with \fBunset\fP, without using the word expansion syntax @@ -9562,8 +9568,10 @@ from regular files. If \fBread\fP times out, \fBread\fP saves any partial input read into the specified variable \fIname\fP. If \fItimeout\fP is 0, \fBread\fP returns immediately, without trying to -read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on -the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. +read any data. +The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor, +or the read will return EOF, +non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. .TP .B \-u \fIfd\fP @@ -9936,6 +9944,10 @@ not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. .TP 8 +.B \-r +Enable restricted shell mode. +This option cannot be unset once it has been set. +.TP 8 .B \-t Exit after reading and executing one command. .TP 8 @@ -10512,7 +10524,8 @@ expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in above. This option is enabled by default. .TP 8 .B restricted_shell -The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see +The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode +(see .SM .B "RESTRICTED SHELL" below). @@ -11335,6 +11348,16 @@ output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the \fB\-l\fP option is supplied. .RE .PD +.TP +\fBcompat51\fP +.PD 0 +.RS +.IP \(bu +The \fBunset\fP builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts \fB@\fP +and \fB*\fP differently depending on whether the array is indexed or +associative, and differently than in previous versions. +.RE +.PD .\" bash_builtins .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .SH "RESTRICTED SHELL" @@ -11419,7 +11442,7 @@ option to the builtin command .IP \(bu turning off restricted mode with -\fBset +r\fP or \fBset +o restricted\fP. +\fBset +r\fP or \fBshopt -u restricted_shell\fP. .PP These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. .PP diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 143c10beb..96ca194e8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2021 November 16BASH(1) +BASH(1)2021 November 22BASH(1)

Index @@ -3566,9 +3566,15 @@ destroys the array element at index subscript, for both indexed and associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable. -unset name, where name is an array, or +unset name, where name is an array, +removes the entire array. unset name[subscript], where -subscript is * or @, removes the entire array. +subscript is * or @, behaves differently depending on +whether name is an indexed or associative array. +If name is an associative array, this unsets the element with +subscript * or @. +If name is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but +does not remove the array itself.

When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command, @@ -12021,8 +12027,10 @@ from regular files. If read times out, read saves any partial input read into the specified variable name. If timeout is 0, read returns immediately, without trying to -read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on -the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. +read any data. +The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor, +or the read will return EOF, +non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.

-u fd @@ -12503,6 +12511,11 @@ If the -p option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. +
-r + +
+Enable restricted shell mode. +This option cannot be unset once it has been set.
-t
@@ -13245,7 +13258,8 @@ above. This option is enabled by default.
restricted_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see +The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode +(see RESTRICTED SHELL @@ -14262,6 +14276,17 @@ when the -l option is supplied. +
compat51
+ +
+
+
*
+The unset builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts @ +and * differently depending on whether the array is indexed or +associative, and differently than in previous versions. +
+ + @@ -14373,7 +14398,7 @@ option to the builtin command
*
turning off restricted mode with -set +r or set +o restricted. +set +r or shopt -u restricted_shell.

@@ -14563,7 +14588,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash 5.12021 November 16BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.22021 November 22BASH(1)
@@ -14670,6 +14695,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 16 November 2021 10:03:07 EST +Time: 22 November 2021 11:02:25 EST diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 0ac48f44c..653da0add 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021). +Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021). - This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1. + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash -Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1. + This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash +Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has @@ -4173,8 +4173,9 @@ standard. partial input read into the specified variable NAME. If TIMEOUT is 0, 'read' returns immediately, without trying to read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on - the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit - status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. + the specified file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, + non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if + the timeout is exceeded. '-u FD' Read input from file descriptor FD. @@ -4556,6 +4557,10 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables. causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. + '-r' + Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be unset + once it has been set. + '-t' Exit after reading and executing one command. @@ -6254,9 +6259,11 @@ several ways. 19. Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit. - 20. Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd' - builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the 'cdspell' - option to the 'shopt' builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::). + 20. If the 'cdspell' shell option is enabled, the shell will attempt + simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd' + builtin (see the description of the 'cdspell' option to the 'shopt' + builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::). The 'cdspell' option is + only effective in interactive shells. 21. The shell will check the value of the 'TMOUT' variable and exit if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after @@ -6664,7 +6671,11 @@ NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' destroys the array element at index SUBSCRIPT. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable. 'unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the entire -array. A subscript of '*' or '@' also removes the entire array. +array. 'unset NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' behaves differently depending on the +array type when given a subscript of '*' or '@'. When NAME is an +associative array, it removes the element with key '*' or '@'. If NAME +is an indexed array, 'unset' removes all of the elements, but does not +remove the array itself. When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command, such as with 'unset', without using the word expansion syntax @@ -6930,7 +6941,8 @@ with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: * Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins. * Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin. - * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'set +o restricted'. + * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u + restricted_shell'. These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. @@ -7336,6 +7348,12 @@ required for bash-5.1 and later versions. when producing output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the '-l' option is supplied. +'compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)' + * The 'unset' builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts + '@' and '*' differently depending on whether the array is + indexed or associative, and differently than in previous + versions. +  File: bash.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Bash Features, Up: Top @@ -11689,7 +11707,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 211) * read: Bash Builtins. (line 488) -* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 584) +* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 585) * readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 221) * return: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -11698,7 +11716,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * shift: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 261) * shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9) -* source: Bash Builtins. (line 593) +* source: Bash Builtins. (line 594) * suspend: Job Control Builtins. (line 113) * test: Bourne Shell Builtins. @@ -11707,12 +11725,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands (line 359) * trap: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 365) -* type: Bash Builtins. (line 598) -* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 630) -* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 636) +* type: Bash Builtins. (line 599) +* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 631) +* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 637) * umask: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 414) -* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 742) +* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 743) * unset: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 432) * wait: Job Control Builtins. @@ -12428,84 +12446,84 @@ Node: Shell Scripts132585 Node: Shell Builtin Commands135609 Node: Bourne Shell Builtins137644 Node: Bash Builtins159102 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior189916 -Node: The Set Builtin190258 -Node: The Shopt Builtin200685 -Node: Special Builtins216396 -Node: Shell Variables217372 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables217806 -Node: Bash Variables219907 -Node: Bash Features252719 -Node: Invoking Bash253729 -Node: Bash Startup Files259739 -Node: Interactive Shells264839 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?265246 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?265892 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior266704 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions270214 -Node: Shell Arithmetic274853 -Node: Aliases277794 -Node: Arrays280404 -Node: The Directory Stack286410 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins287191 -Node: Controlling the Prompt291448 -Node: The Restricted Shell294410 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode297004 -Node: Shell Compatibility Mode308274 -Node: Job Control314927 -Node: Job Control Basics315384 -Node: Job Control Builtins320383 -Node: Job Control Variables325780 -Node: Command Line Editing326933 -Node: Introduction and Notation328601 -Node: Readline Interaction330221 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials331409 -Node: Readline Movement Commands333189 -Node: Readline Killing Commands334146 -Node: Readline Arguments336061 -Node: Searching337102 -Node: Readline Init File339285 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax340543 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs362028 -Node: Sample Init File366221 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands369342 -Node: Commands For Moving370543 -Node: Commands For History372591 -Node: Commands For Text377582 -Node: Commands For Killing381228 -Node: Numeric Arguments384258 -Node: Commands For Completion385394 -Node: Keyboard Macros389582 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands390266 -Node: Readline vi Mode396202 -Node: Programmable Completion397106 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins404883 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example415575 -Node: Using History Interactively420819 -Node: Bash History Facilities421500 -Node: Bash History Builtins424502 -Node: History Interaction429507 -Node: Event Designators433124 -Node: Word Designators434475 -Node: Modifiers436232 -Node: Installing Bash438040 -Node: Basic Installation439174 -Node: Compilers and Options442893 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures443631 -Node: Installation Names445321 -Node: Specifying the System Type447427 -Node: Sharing Defaults448140 -Node: Operation Controls448810 -Node: Optional Features449765 -Node: Reporting Bugs460855 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell462127 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License478974 -Node: Indexes504148 -Node: Builtin Index504599 -Node: Reserved Word Index511423 -Node: Variable Index513868 -Node: Function Index530357 -Node: Concept Index544138 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior189955 +Node: The Set Builtin190297 +Node: The Shopt Builtin200836 +Node: Special Builtins216547 +Node: Shell Variables217523 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables217957 +Node: Bash Variables220058 +Node: Bash Features252870 +Node: Invoking Bash253880 +Node: Bash Startup Files259890 +Node: Interactive Shells264990 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?265397 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?266043 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior266855 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions270481 +Node: Shell Arithmetic275120 +Node: Aliases278061 +Node: Arrays280671 +Node: The Directory Stack286915 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins287696 +Node: Controlling the Prompt291953 +Node: The Restricted Shell294915 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode297522 +Node: Shell Compatibility Mode308792 +Node: Job Control315708 +Node: Job Control Basics316165 +Node: Job Control Builtins321164 +Node: Job Control Variables326561 +Node: Command Line Editing327714 +Node: Introduction and Notation329382 +Node: Readline Interaction331002 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials332190 +Node: Readline Movement Commands333970 +Node: Readline Killing Commands334927 +Node: Readline Arguments336842 +Node: Searching337883 +Node: Readline Init File340066 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax341324 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs362809 +Node: Sample Init File367002 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands370123 +Node: Commands For Moving371324 +Node: Commands For History373372 +Node: Commands For Text378363 +Node: Commands For Killing382009 +Node: Numeric Arguments385039 +Node: Commands For Completion386175 +Node: Keyboard Macros390363 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands391047 +Node: Readline vi Mode396983 +Node: Programmable Completion397887 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins405664 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example416356 +Node: Using History Interactively421600 +Node: Bash History Facilities422281 +Node: Bash History Builtins425283 +Node: History Interaction430288 +Node: Event Designators433905 +Node: Word Designators435256 +Node: Modifiers437013 +Node: Installing Bash438821 +Node: Basic Installation439955 +Node: Compilers and Options443674 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures444412 +Node: Installation Names446102 +Node: Specifying the System Type448208 +Node: Sharing Defaults448921 +Node: Operation Controls449591 +Node: Optional Features450546 +Node: Reporting Bugs461636 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell462908 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License479755 +Node: Indexes504929 +Node: Builtin Index505380 +Node: Reserved Word Index512204 +Node: Variable Index514649 +Node: Function Index531138 +Node: Concept Index544919  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 0d0397d5c..a9708c4f8 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 7fd4c1efa..122be591b 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Tue Nov 16 10:02:53 2021 +%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 22 11:02:09 2021 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E 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If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 276 Q +(he ar)-3.437 F .937(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.437 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.437 E(name e)108 312 Q (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E -(The)108 292.8 Q F1(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)2.684 E F0 -2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F1 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G +(The)108 328.8 Q F1(declar)2.683 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)2.683 E F0 +2.683(,a)C(nd)-2.683 E F1 -.18(re)2.683 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .184(iltins each accept a).2 F F12.684 E F0 .184 -(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183 -(rray and a)-2.683 F F12.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041 -(tion to specify an associati)108 304.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.684(da).15 G .184 +(rray and a)-2.684 F F12.684 E F0(op-)2.684 E .042 +(tion to specify an associati)108 340.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,) -2.541 F F12.541 E F0(tak)2.541 E .041(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.041 E F1 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2 -F .864(cepts a)108 316.8 R F13.364 E F0 .864 -(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864 -(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.863 E F1(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F1(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 328.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +5.041 E F1 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2 +F .863(cepts a)108 352.8 R F13.363 E F0 .864 +(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864 +(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he) +-5.864 E F1(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F1(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 364.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 345.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 357.6 R 3.26 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 381.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 393.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 369.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F2 -(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 405.6 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201(tilde e) 2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)3.951 E .201 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .2 -(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 381.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201 +(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 417.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) 2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting) -2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0 -(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 398.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 -F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F -.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 410.4 -S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 -F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 422.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 439.2 R +(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 434.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 +F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F +.418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 446.4 +S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 +F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 458.4 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 475.2 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 451.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 487.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .003(After these e)108 468 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 504 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 -(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 480 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 516 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 496.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 +E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 532.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F -(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 508.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F +(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 544.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F .776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276 (ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e) --.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 520.8 R F1($@)A F0 3.195("a)C -.695(nd ")-3.195 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 .696 +-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 556.8 R F1($@)A F0 3.196("a)C +.696(nd ")-3.196 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 .696 (", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F1(${)3.196 E F2 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666 -E(RAMETERS)108 532.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 -549.6 Q F2(Br)108.58 561.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666 +E(RAMETERS)108 568.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 +585.6 Q F2(Br)108.58 597.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 573.6 Q F2 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 609.6 Q F2 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 585.6 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 621.6 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 597.6 R -.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G -.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\ -ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\ - resulting string, e)108 609.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -621.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 638.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F -.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 633.6 R +.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G +.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 +(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ +ch resulting string, e)108 645.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 657.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 674.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 650.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.149(As) -108 667.2 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 +108 686.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.148(As) +108 703.2 S .648(equence e)-3.148 F .648(xpression tak)-.15 F .649 (es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.149 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F2(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F2(y) -3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648 -(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 679.2 Q F0 2.615(,a)C +3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649 +(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 715.2 Q F0 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e) --.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.014 -(ber between)108 691.2 R F2(x)3.514 E F0(and)3.514 E F2(y)3.513 E F0 +-.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.013 +(ber between)108 727.2 R F2(x)3.513 E F0(and)3.513 E F2(y)3.513 E F0 3.513(,i)C(nclusi)-3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013 (upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with) --.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.313 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014(same width.)108 703.2 R .014(When either)5.014 -F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with \ -a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 -F 1.131(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 -715.2 R 6.131(.W)-.65 G 1.13(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F -1.13(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .484(pands to each character le)108 -727.2 R .484(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)2.984 E F0(and)2.984 E -F2(y)2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G -.485(sing the def)-2.984 F .485(ault C locale.)-.1 F .485(Note that) -5.485 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) -.15 E(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.314 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(both)108 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)2.967 E F0(and)2.967 E F1(y)2.967 E F0 .467 -(must be of the same type \(inte)2.967 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .015(same width.) +108 84 R .015(When either)5.015 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)2.515 E F0 +(or)2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell\ + attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.13 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 96 R 6.131 +(.W)-.65 G 1.131(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.131 +(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .485(pands to each character le)108 108 R +.485(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.985 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y) +2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .484 +(sing the def)-2.984 F .484(ault C locale.)-.1 F .484(Note that)5.484 F +(both)108 120 Q F1(x)2.966 E F0(and)2.966 E F1(y)2.966 E F0 .467 +(must be of the same type \(inte)2.966 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108 -96 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 -112.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 124.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) -5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 136.8 Q +132 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 +148.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 160.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash) +5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 172.8 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 153.6 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\ +-.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 189.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\ xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\ - one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 165.6 R .458 + one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 201.6 R .458 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.) --.15 F(A)108 177.6 Q F2({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(,)2.521 E F0 .021 -(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15 -F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172 -(con\215icts with parameter e)108 189.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.) +-.15 F(A)108 213.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15 +F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172 +(con\215icts with parameter e)108 225.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F -.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 201.6 Q +.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 237.6 Q (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 218.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 230.4 Q .3 +gs to be generated is)108 254.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 266.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 -247.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 259.2 Q(cho)144 -271.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 -E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 288 R .618 +283.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 295.2 Q(cho)144 +307.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 324 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 300 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247 -(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 312 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 336 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247 +(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 348 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 324 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 336 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 360 Q F0 .515 +(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 +(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e) +3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 372 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 348 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 384 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set) 2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 -E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 364.8 S -(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 376.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F -1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087 +E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 400.8 S +(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 412.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F +1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) -108 388.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 400.8 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 412.8 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +108 424.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 436.8 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 448.8 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 424.8 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 460.8 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 436.8 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 453.6 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 472.8 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 489.6 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 465.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 501.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 477.6 R F1(N)3.38 E -F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879 +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F .879 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 513.6 R F1(N)3.379 +E F0 3.379(,o)C .879(ptionally pre\214x)-3.379 F .88 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \ with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -489.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 501.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G -.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F +525.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.638 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.638 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 537.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.838(dw).1 G +.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.838 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F -(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 513.6 -Q(If the login name is in)108 530.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) -.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166 -(Each v)108 547.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 +(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 549.6 +Q(If the login name is in)108 566.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e) +.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167 +(Each v)108 583.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167 (ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=) -2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 559.2 R -.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) --.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F -(ments to)108 571.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 +2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E .467(these cases, tilde e)108 595.2 R +.467(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o) +-.65 G .468(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F +(ments to)108 607.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v) --.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 588 R .023 -(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F -.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 600 Q .77 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 -.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 -(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F --.15(ex)108 612 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 +-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 624 R .024 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 636 Q .769 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 648 S(cept for the).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1 -(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 628.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 -.199(The `)108 640.8 R F2($)A F0 2.699('c)C .199 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108 -652.8 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b) --.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect) --2.813 E .414(the v)108 664.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 664.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 +.2(The `)108 676.8 R F2($)A F0 2.7('c)C .199 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.7 F .199 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.699 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.699 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e) +108 688.8 R .314 +(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415 +(the v)108 700.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108 -676.8 Q 1.19 +712.8 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -693.6 R F2(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 705.6 R .822 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(pansion.)108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(mber 16).15 E(22)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 R F2(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) +.15 E(22)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 96 R .106 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.) -2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F F1(par)3.856 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11 -(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 108 R F1(par)3.86 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .822 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 84 R .821 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(pansion.)108 96 Q(${)108 112.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0(})A .106(The v)144 124.8 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106 +(The braces are required when)5.106 F F1(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .111 +(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 136.8 R F1(par)3.861 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .11 (wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208 -(interpreted as part of its name.)144 120 R(The)5.208 E F1(par)2.708 E +(interpreted as part of its name.)144 148.8 R(The)5.208 E F1(par)2.708 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F -.15(ve)-.15 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS) -144 132 Q F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \() --2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 148.8 R +144 160.8 Q F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \() +-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 177.6 R F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346 (xclamation point \()-.15 F F2(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 160.8 S --2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.) +2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 189.6 S +-2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.) -2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406(uses the v)2.906 F .406 (alue formed by e)-.25 F .406(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.906 E(ame-) --.15 E(ter)108 172.8 Q F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.907 E(ame-) +-.15 E(ter)108 201.6 Q F0 2.579(;t)C .079(his is then e)-2.579 F .079 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F .079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F -.079(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F -(original)108 184.8 Q F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 -(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 -F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 -(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 196.8 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 -F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 -(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 -(name of the parameter referenced by)108 208.8 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter) +.078(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .078(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 213.6 Q F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.042(.T)C .042 +(his is kno)-5.042 F .042(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .043 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .043(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 225.6 S .249(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 +F 2.749(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .248 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .248(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 237.6 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 220.8 R .387 +(xpansion.)-.15 E .388(The e)108 249.6 R .387 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H -.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 -232.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) --2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 249.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor) +(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.187 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.387(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108 +261.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.) +-2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 278.4 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor) 3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 261.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066 -(When not performing substring e)108 278.4 R .067 +F(and arithmetic e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .067 +(When not performing substring e)108 307.2 R .067 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F0 .067 -(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 290.4 Q(Omi\ +(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F0 .066 +(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 319.2 Q(Omi\ tting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 307.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(})A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 319.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f) --5.723 E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e) -3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722 -(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 331.2 Q -(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E -(${)108 343.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F2 .811(Assign Default V)144 355.2 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 -E F1(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F -.812(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to) -4.082 F F1(pa-)4.562 E -.15(ra)144 367.2 S(meter).15 E F0 5.742(.T).73 G -.742(he v)-5.742 F .742(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.492 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.742(is then substituted.)3.972 F .741 +E(${)108 336 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .722(Use Default V)144 348 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F1 +(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 360 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 372 Q F1(par) +A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .812 +(Assign Default V)144 384 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.812(.I)C(f)-5.812 E F1 +(par)4.562 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .812(is unset or null, the e)4.042 F .812 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.652 E(d)-.37 E F0 .812(is assigned to)4.082 +F F1(pa-)4.561 E -.15(ra)144 396 S(meter).15 E F0 5.741(.T).73 G .741 +(he v)-5.741 F .741(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.491 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .742 +(is then substituted.)3.972 F .742 (Positional parameters and special parame-)5.742 F -(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 379.2 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 391.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 403.2 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(ters may not be assigned to in this w)144 408 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) +108 420 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 +.535(Display Err)144 432 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C +(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 415.2 R -.013(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F -(teracti)144 427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .012(sage to that ef)144 444 R +.012(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)2.852 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.282 F +(teracti)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 439.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 451.2 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 468 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 480 R .745(nate V)-.15 F (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 463.2 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 475.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 487.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 492 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 504 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 516 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 499.2 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 -E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E +144 528 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E +F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .235 -(character speci\214ed by)144 511.2 R F1(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 +(character speci\214ed by)144 540 R F1(of)2.735 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.235 (.I)C(f)-5.235 E F1(par)2.735 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.735 E F2(@)2.735 E F0 2.735(,a)C 2.735(ni)-2.735 G(nde)-2.735 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.735(da).15 G .235(rray subscripted by)-2.735 F F2(@)2.735 E F0(or)2.735 E F2(*) 2.735 E F0 2.735(,o)C 2.735(ra)-2.735 G 2.735(na)-2.735 G(s-)-2.735 E -(sociati)144 523.2 Q 1.578 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.278 +(sociati)144 552 Q 1.577 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.277 (rray name, the results dif).15 F 1.277(fer as described belo)-.25 F -5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.277(is omitted, e) -3.777 F 1.277(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 535.2 R -.042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043 -(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F1(of)2.543 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847 -(end of the v)144 547.2 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E -F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F -(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 559.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E -(If)144 583.2 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 +5.077 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length)3.777 E F0 1.278(is omitted, e) +3.778 F 1.278(xpands to the)-.15 F .043(substring of the v)144 564 R +.043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042 +(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F1(of)2.542 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the)-.15 F .846 +(end of the v)144 576 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0(and)3.346 E F1 +(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .847 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 588 Q(w\).)-.25 E +(If)144 612 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529 (luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 595.2 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.045(end of the v)144 624 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 607.2 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 619.2 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 631.2 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 655.2 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 667.2 R .6 +(of)144 636 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 648 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 660 Q -.2(vo) +-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 684 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 E +F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 E +F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 696 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 679.2 -R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G -.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 691.2 Q(If)144 715.2 Q F1 -(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 727.2 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 -(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(23)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 708 R +5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 +(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(23)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.08 -(than the maximum inde)144 84 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a) -.25 F(number less than zero.)144 96 Q(Substring e)144 120 Q -(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 144 R -.821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\ -hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 156 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 -F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .159 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 -F(the list.)144 168 Q(${)108 184.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A -F0(})A(${)108 196.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084 -(Names matching pr)144 208.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) --2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 220.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F -.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 232.8 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)144 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 +(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) +3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 96 R 1.082 +(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 +E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F +1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 +(than the maximum inde)144 108 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 +(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) +3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) +144 120 Q(Substring e)144 144 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821 +(Substring inde)144 168 R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ + parameters are used, in which case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 180 Q .159 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.659 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 .159(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.659 E F0 .159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to) +-.15 F(the list.)144 192 Q(${)108 208.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E +F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 220.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A +F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 232.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 244.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 256.8 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -249.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 261.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 273.6 R(eys) +273.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 297.6 R(eys) -.1 E F0 6.136(.I)C(f)-6.136 E F1(name)3.636 E F0 1.136(is an array v) 3.636 F 1.136(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136 -(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137 -(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 285.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C +(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136 +(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 309.6 R F1(name)2.897 E F0 5.397(.I)C (f)-5.397 E F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e) -.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F1(name)2.897 E F0 .397 (is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F1(@)2.897 E F0 -(is used and the e)144 297.6 Q +(is used and the e)144 321.6 Q (xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 -H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 314.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 326.4 S .47(rameter length).1 F F0 -5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.47 F .471(alue of) --.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If) -5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 338.4 Q F0(is)3.627 E F2(*) -2.897 E F0(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F0 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397 +H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 338.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 350.4 S .471(rameter length).1 F F0 +5.471(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of) +-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If) +5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 362.4 Q F0(is)3.626 E F2(*) +2.896 E F0(or)2.896 E F2(@)2.896 E F0 2.896(,t)C .396(he v)-2.896 F .397 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -5.396 E F1(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E -.78(ray name subscripted by)144 350.4 R F2(*)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(@) -3.28 E F0 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F1(par)145.25 362.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 374.4 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 386.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 403.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 415.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 427.2 +5.397 E F1(par)4.147 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .397(is an ar)3.627 F(-)-.2 E +.781(ray name subscripted by)144 374.4 R F2(*)3.281 E F0(or)3.281 E F2 +(@)3.281 E F0 3.281(,t)C .781(he v)-3.281 F .78 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.78(.I) +-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)145.25 386.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455(is an inde) +3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 398.4 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 410.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 427.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 439.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 451.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 439.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.544(name e)144 463.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 451.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 475.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E F0(belo)3.132 E 4.432 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.382 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 -(then the result of the e)144 463.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -475.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F .632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.383 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 +(then the result of the e)144 487.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 +499.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 487.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E -F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 511.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E +F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 499.2 R(If) -5.304 E F1(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F0(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E -F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 511.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G -2.987(lo).25 G .487 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 523.2 R(If) +5.303 E F1(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F0(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E +F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 535.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G +2.988(lo).25 G .487 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 523.2 Q(${)108 -540 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 552 +-2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 547.2 Q(${)108 +564 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 -564 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 -5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 576 -S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 588 S(tter).1 +588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 +S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 612 S(tter).1 E 3.314(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.314 E F0(belo)3.314 E 4.614 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) -3.314 F .814(xpanded v)-.15 F .814(alue of)-.25 F F1(pa-)4.564 E -.15 -(ra)144 600 S(meter).15 E F0 3.816(,t).73 G 1.316 -(hen the result of the e)-3.816 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.317(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.067 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.317(with the shortest)4.547 F 1.085(matching pattern \(the `)144 612 R -(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.084 +(ra)144 624 S(meter).15 E F0 3.817(,t).73 G 1.317 +(hen the result of the e)-3.817 F 1.317(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.317 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.316(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.066 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.316(with the shortest)4.546 F 1.084(matching pattern \(the `)144 636 R +(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)145.25 -624 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 -E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo) -.25 G .16(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,) --2.659 F .51(and the e)144 636 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.) --.15 F(If)5.51 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v) -3.739 F .509(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E -F2(*)3.009 E F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 648 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922 -(lo).25 G .422 +2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)145.25 +648 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)2.66 E F0 +2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.659(lo).25 G .159 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 +(and the e)144 660 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) +5.509 E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F2(*)3.01 E F0 +(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 672 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 660 Q(${)108 -676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 -(})A(${)108 688.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(//)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A -F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 700.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F1 -(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No) -136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 684 Q(${)108 +700.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 +(})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 +E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/%)A F1 -(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S(tter).1 E 3.607 -(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern) -3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(//)A F1 +(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F2(/#)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(/%)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa) +144 120 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C +(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 108 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 -(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 120 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 +(sion.)144 132 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 +(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 144 Q F0(.)A F1(string)5.499 E F0(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499 (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137 -(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 132 R -.25(va)-.15 +(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 156 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637 F -.076(described under)144 144 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM)-.15 -G(atching)-2.576 E F0(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G -.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .075 -(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 156 +.075(described under)144 168 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.575 G(tter).1 E 2.575(nM)-.15 +G(atching)-2.575 E F0(belo)2.575 E 3.875 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt).65 G +.075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G .076 +(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144 180 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F1(par)2.98 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(and)2.98 E F1(pattern)2.98 E F0 .48(\(the second form abo)2.98 F --.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 168 Q F0 .375 -(are replaced with)2.875 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15 F F1(pattern)144 192 Q F0 .374 +(are replaced with)2.874 F F1(string)2.874 E F0 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F1 (pattern)2.874 E F0 .374(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F0 .374 -(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 -F .088(at the be)144 180 R .088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) +(\(the third form abo)2.874 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .375(\), it must match).15 +F .089(at the be)144 204 R .089(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v) -.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.088(.I)C(f) --5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E -F0 .089(\(the fourth form)2.589 F(abo)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 +-5.088 E F1(pattern)2.588 E F0 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.588 E +F0 .088(\(the fourth form)2.588 F(abo)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315 (\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft) -5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)2.815 E F0 -(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 204 R F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 -(are deleted.)2.898 F(If)5.398 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 -(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .399 -(are deleted and the)2.899 F F2(/)2.899 E F0(fol-)2.899 E(lo)144 216 Q -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.252 E F0 .752(may be omitted.)3.252 F .752 -(If the)5.752 F F2(patsub_r)3.252 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .751 -(shell option is enabled using)3.251 F F2(shopt)3.251 E F0(,)A(an)144 -228 Q 3.45(yu)-.15 G .95(nquoted instances of)-3.45 F F2(&)3.45 E F0(in) -3.45 E F1(string)3.451 E F0 .951 -(are replaced with the matching portion of)3.451 F F1(pattern)3.451 E F0 -5.951(.B)C(ack-)-5.951 E .183(slash is used to quote)144 240 R F2(&) -2.683 E F0(in)2.683 E F1(string)2.683 E F0 2.683(;t)C .183 +(is)2.815 E .399(null, matches of)144 228 R F1(pattern)2.899 E F0 .399 +(are deleted.)2.899 F(If)5.399 E F1(string)2.898 E F0 .398 +(is null, matches of)2.898 F F1(pattern)2.898 E F0 .398 +(are deleted and the)2.898 F F2(/)2.898 E F0(fol-)2.898 E(lo)144 240 Q +(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.251 E F0 .751(may be omitted.)3.251 F .751 +(If the)5.751 F F2(patsub_r)3.252 E(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .752 +(shell option is enabled using)3.252 F F2(shopt)3.252 E F0(,)A(an)144 +252 Q 3.451(yu)-.15 G .951(nquoted instances of)-3.451 F F2(&)3.451 E F0 +(in)3.451 E F1(string)3.451 E F0 .951 +(are replaced with the matching portion of)3.451 F F1(pattern)3.45 E F0 +5.95(.B)C(ack-)-5.95 E .182(slash is used to quote)144 264 R F2(&)2.683 +E F0(in)2.683 E F1(string)2.683 E F0 2.683(;t)C .183 (he backslash is remo)-2.683 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.683(di).15 G 2.683(no) --2.683 G .183(rder to permit a literal)-2.683 F F2(&)2.683 E F0 .182 -(in the re-)2.682 F .233(placement string.)144 252 R .234 -(Users should tak)5.233 F 2.734(ec)-.1 G .234(are if)-2.734 F F1(string) -2.734 E F0 .234(is double-quoted to a)2.734 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .234(id unw) -.2 F .234(anted interactions)-.1 F .085 -(between the backslash and double-quoting.)144 264 R -.15(Pa)5.085 G -.085(ttern substitution performs the check for).15 F F2(&)2.584 E F0 -.084(after e)2.584 F(x-)-.15 E(panding)144 276 Q F1(string)3.028 E F0 -3.028(;s)C .528 -(hell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape the)-3.028 -F F2(&)3.029 E F0 .529(and inhibit)3.029 F .803(replacement so the)144 -288 R 3.303(ys)-.15 G(urvi)-3.303 E 1.103 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.103 -.15 +-2.683 G .183(rder to permit a literal)-2.683 F F2(&)2.683 E F0 .183 +(in the re-)2.683 F .234(placement string.)144 276 R .234 +(Users should tak)5.234 F 2.734(ec)-.1 G .234(are if)-2.734 F F1(string) +2.734 E F0 .234(is double-quoted to a)2.734 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .233(id unw) +.2 F .233(anted interactions)-.1 F .084 +(between the backslash and double-quoting.)144 288 R -.15(Pa)5.084 G +.085(ttern substitution performs the check for).15 F F2(&)2.585 E F0 +.085(after e)2.585 F(x-)-.15 E(panding)144 300 Q F1(string)3.029 E F0 +3.029(;s)C .529 +(hell programmers should quote backslashes intended to escape the)-3.029 +F F2(&)3.028 E F0 .528(and inhibit)3.028 F .802(replacement so the)144 +312 R 3.302(ys)-.15 G(urvi)-3.302 E 1.102 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.102 -.15 (ny q).15 H .803(uote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.303(lp).25 G .803 -(erformed by the e)-3.303 F .802(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)3.302 E F0 -5.802(.I)C 3.302(ft)-5.802 G(he)-3.302 E F2(no-)3.302 E(casematch)144 -300 Q F0 .122 +(erformed by the e)-3.303 F .803(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(string)3.303 E F0 +5.803(.I)C 3.303(ft)-5.803 G(he)-3.303 E F2(no-)3.303 E(casematch)144 +324 Q F0 .122 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.622 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .122(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.792(characters. If) -144 312 R F1(par)4.042 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.522 E F2(@)2.792 E F0(or) -2.792 E F2(*)2.791 E F0 2.791(,t)C .291 +(ga)-.15 G .122(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.791(characters. If) +144 336 R F1(par)4.041 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.521 E F2(@)2.791 E F0(or) +2.791 E F2(*)2.791 E F0 2.791(,t)C .292 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional param-)-2.791 F -.793(eter in turn, and the e)144 324 R .793 +.793(eter in turn, and the e)144 348 R .793 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.793 E F1(par)4.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .793(is an array v)4.023 F .794(ariable subscripted) --.25 F(with)144 336 Q F2(@)2.878 E F0(or)2.878 E F2(*)2.878 E F0 2.878 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .793(is an array v)4.023 F .793(ariable subscripted) +-.25 F(with)144 360 Q F2(@)2.877 E F0(or)2.877 E F2(*)2.878 E F0 2.878 (,t)C .378(he substitution operation is applied to each member of the a\ rray in turn, and the e)-2.878 F(x-)-.15 E -(pansion is the resultant list.)144 348 Q(${)108 364.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 376.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 400.8 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation) -144 412.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(pansion is the resultant list.)144 372 Q(${)108 388.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 400.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 412.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 424.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation) +144 436.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 424.8 Q -F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374 +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 448.8 Q +F0 .373(is e)2.873 F .374 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513 -(panded v)144 436.8 R .513(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.013 E F0 3.013 -(,a)C .514(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.013 F -.15 -(ve)144 448.8 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323 -(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F -5.322(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.322 E F2(^)2.822 E F0 .322(operator con)2.822 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 460.8 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 -F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 -.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181 -(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 472.8 R 2.585 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .374(character in the e)2.874 F(x-)-.15 E .514 +(panded v)144 460.8 R .514(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 .514(is tested ag)3.014 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.014 E F0 3.014 +(,a)C .513(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is con-)-3.014 F -.15 +(ve)144 472.8 S 2.822(rted. The).15 F .323 +(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.822 F +5.323(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.323 E F2(^)2.823 E F0 .323(operator con)2.823 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 484.8 Q .181(wercase letters matching) +-.25 F F1(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E +F0 .181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18 +(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .085(to lo)144 496.8 R 2.585 (wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0(and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085 (rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085(xpanded v)-.15 F .085 -(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 484.8 Q F2(,)3.59 E F0 -.15 -(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 -(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F -3.591(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.591 E F0(is)3.591 E 1.121 -(omitted, it is treated lik)144 496.8 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.621 -(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) -.15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.35 E -F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12(he case)-3.62 F -.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\ -n turn, and the e)144 508.8 R .34(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .25 -(sultant list.)144 520.8 R(If)5.25 E F1(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25 -(is an array v)3.48 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.749 E -F0(or)2.749 E F2(*)2.749 E F0 2.749(,t)C .249 -(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E +(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 508.8 Q F2(,)3.591 E F0 -.15 +(ex)3.591 G 1.091(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091 +(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.59 +(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.59 E F0(is)3.59 E 1.12 +(omitted, it is treated lik)144 520.8 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.62(,w) +C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15 F +6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E F2 +(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)-3.621 +F .339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter\ + in turn, and the e)144 532.8 R .339(xpansion is the re-)-.15 F .249 +(sultant list.)144 544.8 R(If)5.249 E F1(par)3.999 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.249(is an array v)3.479 F .249(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@) +2.749 E F0(or)2.75 E F2(*)2.75 E F0 2.75(,t)C .25 +(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.75 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -532.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 549.6 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 561.6 S +556.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 573.6 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 585.6 S .86(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 -F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 573.6 R -F1(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -585.6 Q F2(U)144 609.6 Q F0 .142(The e)180 609.6 R .142 +F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 597.6 R +F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +609.6 Q F2(U)144 633.6 Q F0 .143(The e)180 633.6 R .142 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .142(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .143 -(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G -(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 633.6 Q F0 .43(The e)180 633.6 R .43 -(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F --.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 645.6 Q -F2(L)144 657.6 Q F0 .124(The e)180 657.6 R .124 +2.642 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .142(with lo)2.642 F .142 +(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G +(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 657.6 Q F0 .429(The e)180 657.6 R +.429(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .43(with the \214rst character con)2.93 F +-.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 669.6 Q +F2(L)144 681.6 Q F0 .125(The e)180 681.6 R .124 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .125(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.625 F -(ters con)180 669.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2 -(Q)144 681.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 681.6 R 1.065 +2.624 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .124(with uppercase alphabetic charac-)2.624 F +(ters con)180 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2 +(Q)144 705.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 705.6 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 693.6 Q F2(E)144 705.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 705.6 R -.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 -F -.15(ex)180 717.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E -F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(25)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(25)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(P)144 84 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 84 R 1.073 +SF(E)144 84 Q F0 .441(The e)180 84 R .441 +(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44 +(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F -.15(ex)180 96 S +(panded as with the).15 E F1($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0(quoting mechanism.) +2.5 E F1(P)144 108 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 108 R 1.073 (xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 -(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par) -3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F -(were a prompt string \(see)180 96 Q F1(PR)2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 108 Q F0 1.137(The e)180 108 R 1.138 +(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 120 Q F1(PR)2.5 +E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(A)144 132 Q F0 1.138(The e) +180 132 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F1(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 120 Q -.25 +F1(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 144 Q -.25 (va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 132 Q F0 -1.34(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 132 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 F -1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.339 -(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 144 S .257(lues of inde) +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F1(K)144 156 Q F0 +1.339(Produces a possibly-quoted v)180 156 R 1.339(ersion of the v)-.15 +F 1.339(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.839 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.839(,e)C 1.34 +(xcept that it prints the)-3.989 F -.25(va)180 168 S .258(lues of inde) .25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.757(da).15 G .257(nd associati)-2.757 F .557 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H .257(rrays as a sequence of quoted k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.758 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 -156 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 168 Q F0(The e)180 -168 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(-v).15 E .257(alue pairs \(see)-.25 F F1(Ar)2.757 E(-)-.37 E(rays)180 +180 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(a)144 192 Q F0(The e)180 +192 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 180 Q F0(Lik)180 180 Q 2.658(et)-.1 G -.157(he K transformation, b)-2.658 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E F1(k)144 204 Q F0(Lik)180 204 Q 2.657(et)-.1 G +.157(he K transformation, b)-2.657 F .157(ut e)-.2 F .157(xpands the k) -.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.657(sa).15 G .157(nd v)-2.657 F .157 -(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .157(nd associati) --2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 192 Q -(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 208.8 Q F2(par)4.402 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.882 E F1(@)3.152 E F0(or)3.152 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 +(alues of inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.657(da).15 G .158(nd associati) +-2.657 F .458 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(rays to separate w)180 216 Q +(ords after w)-.1 E(ord splitting.)-.1 E(If)144 232.8 Q F2(par)4.403 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.883 E F1(@)3.153 E F0(or)3.153 E F1(*)3.153 E F0 3.153(,t)C .653(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in\ turn, and the e)-3.153 F(x-)-.15 E .403(pansion is the resultant list.) -144 220.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 +144 244.8 R(If)5.403 E F2(par)4.153 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .403 (is an array v)3.633 F .403(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.903 E -F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .402(he opera-)-2.903 F +F0(or)2.903 E F1(*)2.903 E F0 2.903(,t)C .403(he opera-)-2.903 F (tion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -232.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) -144 256.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 +256.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E .708(The result of the e) +144 280.8 R .708(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F .708 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .708(xpansion as described be-)-.15 -F(lo)144 268.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 285.6 Q F2 -1.698(Command substitution)108 297.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 309.6 Q F1($\()144 326.4 Q F2 -(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 338.4 Q F1<92>144 350.4 Q F2(command) -A F1<92>A(Bash)108 367.2 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +F(lo)144 292.8 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(Command Substitution)87 309.6 Q F2 +1.697(Command substitution)108 321.6 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 333.6 Q F1($\()144 350.4 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 362.4 Q F1<92>144 374.4 Q F2(command) +A F1<92>A(Bash)108 391.2 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 379.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) -108 391.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +108 403.2 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) +108 415.2 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.692 E F2(\214le) -2.692 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 403.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F1($\(cat)2.691 E F2(\214le) +2.691 E F1(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 427.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 420 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 432 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1<92> -2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 444 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 456 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92> +2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \ \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\ -b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 444 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F -F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 456 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 472.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +b-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 468 R 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F +F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 480 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 496.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 484.8 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 501.6 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 513.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 530.4 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 542.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 508.8 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 525.6 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 537.6 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 554.4 Q F0 +1.035(Arithmetic e)108 566.4 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 554.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 571.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 588 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.736 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.976 E .236 +1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 578.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 595.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 612 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 (goes the same e)-.18 F .236 -(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .235 -(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .42(ters in)108 600 R F2 -.2(ex)2.92 G -(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .42(are not treated specially and are remo) -2.92 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. All).15 F(tok)2.921 E .421(ens in the e) --.1 F .421(xpression under)-.15 F .421(go parame-)-.18 F 1.21(ter and v) -108 612 R 1.21(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209 +(xpansions as if it were within double quotes, b)-.15 F .236 +(ut double quote charac-)-.2 F .421(ters in)108 624 R F2 -.2(ex)2.921 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .421(are not treated specially and are remo) +2.921 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.921(d. All).15 F(tok)2.92 E .42(ens in the e) +-.1 F .42(xpression under)-.15 F .42(go parame-)-.18 F 1.209(ter and v) +108 636 R 1.209(ariable e)-.25 F 1.209 (xpansion, command substitution, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G -3.709(l. The).25 F 1.209(result is treated as the arith-)3.709 F -(metic e)108 624 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5 +3.709(l. The).25 F 1.21(result is treated as the arith-)3.709 F(metic e) +108 648 Q(xpression to be e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5 (luated. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E -1.378(The e)108 640.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +1.379(The e)108 664.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 652.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 676.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 669.6 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 681.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 693.6 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 705.6 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 693.6 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 717.6 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 705.6 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 717.6 R .559 -(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 729.6 Q 1.56 -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)4.06 E F0 -6.56(.P)C 1.56(rocess substitution is supported on systems that)-6.56 F -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 729.6 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (26)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(support named pipes \()108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(FIFOs)A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 -E F0(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 100.8 R -.25 -(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously\ - with parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 112.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 --.75(Wo)87 129.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 141.6 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 153.6 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .56 +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 84 R .56 +(vide input for)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I) +C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G(he)-3.059 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<\()3.059 E F1 +(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0 .559(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 +F(ar)108 96 Q .308(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F +F1(list)2.808 E F0 5.308(.P)C .309 +(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)-5.308 F +(port named pipes \()108 108 Q F1(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he) +-2.5 E F2(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E +.897(When a)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution\ + is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e) +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 136.8 +Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 -.75(Wo)87 153.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 165.6 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 177.6 Q F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 170.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(The shell treats each character of)108 194.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 182.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2()2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 194.4 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2 -()3.336 E F0(,)A F2()3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F2 -()3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 206.4 R .345 +108 206.4 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F2()2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 218.4 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F2 +()3.337 E F0(,)A F2()3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F2 +()3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 230.4 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 218.4 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 242.4 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)108 -230.4 Q F0(,)A F2(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F2(newline)2.507 -E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 -(ter is in the v)108 242.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +254.4 Q F0(,)A F2(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F2(newline)2.506 +E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 +(ter is in the v)108 266.4 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 -(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 254.4 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 -E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) -5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -266.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .782 -(Explicit null ar)108 283.2 R .782(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G -F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833<0808>4.115 G F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 -(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783 -(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 295.2 R .179 +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) +3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 278.4 +R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G +.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 +F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 290.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 +G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E +(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E .783(Explicit null ar)108 307.2 R .783 +(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0(or)2.449 E F2 .833<0808>4.115 G +F0 3.282(\)a)C .782 +(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .782 +(Unquoted im-)5.782 F .178(plicit null ar)108 319.2 R .179 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15 -G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678 -(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 307.2 R .319 +G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.679(d. If).15 F 2.679 +(ap)2.679 G(a-)-2.679 E .319(rameter with no v)108 331.2 R .319 (alue is e)-.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F -.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001 -(to a command as an empty string.)108 319.2 R .001 -(When a quoted null ar)5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E -(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)-.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 -331.2 R .983(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F -.983(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.167 -3.483 F F0(becomes)3.484 E F43.484 E F0 .984(after w)3.484 F .984 -(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 343.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) --.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 360 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 376.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 388.8 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F2(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F2([)2.87 E F0(.)A .633 +.319(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F +(to a command as an empty string.)108 343.2 Q(When a quoted null ar)5 E +.001(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F .001(ord whose e)-.1 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .984(is non-null, the null ar)108 355.2 R .984 +(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.483(d. That).15 F .983 +(is, the w)3.483 F(ord)-.1 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -5.1673.483 +F F0(becomes)3.483 E F43.483 E F0 .983(after w)3.483 F .983 +(ord splitting and)-.1 F(null ar)108 367.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 384 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 412.8 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F22.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F2(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F2([)2.871 E F0(.)A .634 (If one of these characters appears, and is not quoted, then the w)108 -400.8 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .634(rded as a).05 F F1 -(pattern)4.384 E F0 3.134(,a).24 G .634(nd replaced)-3.134 F 1.34(with \ +424.8 R .634(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .633(rded as a).05 F F1 +(pattern)4.383 E F0 3.133(,a).24 G .633(nd replaced)-3.133 F 1.34(with \ an alphabetically sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see) -108 412.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E -F0(belo)3.589 E 3.839(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.839 E .534 -(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 424.8 R F2 +108 436.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.84 G(tter).09 E 3.59(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.59 E +F0(belo)3.59 E 3.84(w\). If)-.25 F(no)3.84 E .534 +(matching \214lenames are found, and the shell option)108 448.8 R F2 (nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 436.8 Q F2(nullglob) -3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F -.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.284 E F2 -(failglob)3.284 E F0 .784(shell option is)3.284 F .754(set, and no matc\ +(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.534 E(the)108 460.8 Q F2(nullglob) +3.284 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.284 F +.785(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.285(d. If).15 F(the)3.285 E F2 +(failglob)3.285 E F0 .785(shell option is)3.285 F .754(set, and no matc\ hes are found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -448.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.255(cuted. If).15 F .755(the shell)3.255 F -(option)108 460.8 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.264 E F0 .763 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.264 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.763(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 472.8 R .039 +472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.254(cuted. If).15 F .754(the shell)3.254 F +(option)108 484.8 Q F2(nocaseglob)3.263 E F0 .763 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.263 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.764(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .039 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 496.8 R .039 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.539 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .039(at the start of a name or immediately fol-)5.039 F(lo)108 -484.8 Q .191(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E -2.691(,u)-.65 G .191(nless the shell option)-2.691 F F2(dotglob)2.69 E -F0 .19(is set.)2.69 F .19(In order to match the \214le-)5.19 F(names)108 -496.8 Q F2 -.63(``)2.708 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.209 E F2 -.63 +508.8 Q .19(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.69 +(,u)-.65 G .19(nless the shell option)-2.69 F F2(dotglob)2.691 E F0 .191 +(is set.)2.691 F .191(In order to match the \214le-)5.191 F(names)108 +520.8 Q F2 -.63(``)2.709 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.209 E F2 -.63 (``)2.709 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.709(,t).63 G .209 (he pattern must be)-2.709 F .209(gin with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E 1.689 -.74 ('' \()-.7 H .209(for e).74 F .209(xample, `)-.15 F(`.?')-.74 E .209 ('\), e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(ni).15 G(f)-2.709 E F2(dotglob)2.709 -E F0 .209(is set.)2.709 F .209(When not)5.209 F .04 -(matching pathnames, the)108 508.8 R F2 -.63(``)2.54 G -.55(.').63 G(') +E F0 .209(is set.)2.709 F .208(When not)5.209 F .04 +(matching pathnames, the)108 532.8 R F2 -.63(``)2.54 G -.55(.').63 G(') -.08 E F0 .04(character is not treated specially)5.04 F 5.04(.W)-.65 G -.04(hen matching a pathname, the slash char)-5.04 F(-)-.2 E .642 -(acter must al)108 520.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .642(ys be matched e).1 F .642 +.04(hen matching a pathname, the slash char)-5.04 F(-)-.2 E .643 +(acter must al)108 544.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .642(ys be matched e).1 F .642 (xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .642 -(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .643(xts it can be)-.15 F .747 -(matched by a special pattern character as described belo)108 532.8 R -3.246(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.246 E F3 -.09(Pa)3.246 G(tter).09 E 2.996(nM) --.135 G(atching)-2.996 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .746 -(See the description of)5.246 F F2(shopt)108 544.8 Q F0(belo)2.911 E -2.911(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.911 E F3 .411(SHELL B)2.911 F(UIL)-.09 E .411 +(ut in other matching conte)-.2 F .642(xts it can be)-.15 F .746 +(matched by a special pattern character as described belo)108 556.8 R +3.247(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.247 E F3 -.09(Pa)3.247 G(tter).09 E 2.997(nM) +-.135 G(atching)-2.997 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .747 +(See the description of)5.247 F F2(shopt)108 568.8 Q F0(belo)2.912 E +2.912(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.912 E F3 .411(SHELL B)2.912 F(UIL)-.09 E .411 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .411(for a description of the)2.661 F F2 -(nocaseglob)2.912 E F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.912 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.912 -E F0(,)A(and)108 556.8 Q F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The) -108 573.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.562 E F0 .062(shell v)2.312 F .061 +(nocaseglob)2.911 E F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.911 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.911 +E F0(,)A(and)108 580.8 Q F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The) +108 597.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.561 E F0 .061(shell v)2.311 F .061 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F1(pattern)3.811 E F0 5.061(.I).24 G(f)-5.061 E F3(GLO-)2.561 E -(BIGNORE)108 585.6 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)3.346 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.597 E F0 1.097 -(is re-)3.347 F(mo)108 597.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.851(df).15 G .351 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.851 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) +F F1(pattern)3.812 E F0 5.062(.I).24 G(f)-5.062 E F3(GLO-)2.562 E +(BIGNORE)108 609.6 Q F0 1.096(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)3.347 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.596 E F0 1.096 +(is re-)3.346 F(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.85(df).15 G .351 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.85 F .351(If the)5.351 F F2(nocaseglob) 2.851 E F0 .351(option is set, the matching ag)2.851 F .351 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.85 E(BIGNORE)108 609.6 Q F0 1.48 -(is performed without re)3.73 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.).05 F -1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F2 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -(and)6.48 E F2 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.481(are al) -7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.481(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 621.6 Q -F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 -(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.682(enabling the)108 633.6 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLO-)2.851 E(BIGNORE)108 633.6 Q F0 +1.481(is performed without re)3.731 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.48(rd to case.) +.05 F 1.48(The \214lenames)6.48 F F2 -.63(``)3.98 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0(and)6.48 E F2 -.63(``)3.98 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.48 +(are al)7.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.48(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 +645.6 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +.827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 657.6 R F2(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 645.6 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 669.6 Q +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 -657.6 Q F2(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 669.6 Q F2 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 686.4 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 703.2 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +-.1 E F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F5(.)A F0(The)108 +681.6 Q F2(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F3 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 693.6 Q F2 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 710.4 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 727.2 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ -ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 2.721 -(itself. The)108 715.2 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) -2.721 F 2.721(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .222 -(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 -(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 727.2 R .418 -(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.918(ya) --.15 G .418(re to)-2.918 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(27)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(27)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(be matched literally)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 117.6 -Q F0 .376(Matches an)180 117.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 129.6 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.722(itself. The) +108 84 R .221(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)2.722 F 2.721 +(Ab)5.221 G .221(ackslash escapes the follo)-2.721 F .221 +(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418 +(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 96 R .418 +(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya) +-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 141.6 +Q F0 .377(Matches an)180 141.6 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 153.6 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 (will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\ -.)180 141.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E -F0(,)A(tw)180 153.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 165.6 Q -F0(Matches an)180 165.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F1([...])144 177.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 177.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 189.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E +.)180 165.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E +F0(,)A(tw)180 177.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 189.6 Q +F0(Matches an)180 189.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E +F1([...])144 201.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 201.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 213.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 201.6 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) +3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 225.6 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 213.6 R 1.123 -(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.123 F F1(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G -1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 225.6 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 237.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 +1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 237.6 R 1.124 +(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.124 F F1(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G +1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 249.6 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 261.6 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F -.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376 -(btain the tra-).8 F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 249.6 R -.068(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 261.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375 +(btain the tra-).8 F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 273.6 R +.067(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 285.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F12.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 273.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 285.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 303.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 --.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 315.6 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 327.6 R 5.889 -(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 339.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F -F0 4.289(Ac)180 351.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289 -(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E -F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 363.6 Q -.4(Wi) -180 381.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 393.6 R -(the character)180 405.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 423.6 S(thin).4 +180 297.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 309.6 Q -.4(Wi) +180 327.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 +-.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 339.6 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 +5.889(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 351.6 R 5.889 +(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 363.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F +F0 4.29(Ac)180 375.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 387.6 Q -.4(Wi) +180 405.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 417.6 R +(the character)180 429.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 447.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.) 2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 440.4 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539 -(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108 -452.4 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 -(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 464.4 Q F1 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 464.4 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54 +(ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108 +476.4 R .038(In the follo)5.038 F .038(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 488.4 Q F1 (|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C (omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E -(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 488.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 500.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 512.4 Q F2 +(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 512.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 524.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 536.4 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 524.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 536.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 548.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 560.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 572.4 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 584.4 Q F2 -(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 596.4 Q(ything e) +(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 548.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 560.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 572.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 584.4 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 596.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 608.4 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 620.4 Q(ything e) -.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns) --2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 613.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488 +-2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 637.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488 E F0 .988 (shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when) -3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 625.2 Q F0 1.391 -(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F -1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.892(,b).74 G 1.392 -(ut `)-4.092 F(`.)-.74 E 2.872 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.392(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 -E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298 -(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 637.2 R .298 +3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 649.2 Q F0 1.392 +(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.892 F +1.392(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 3.891(,b).74 G 1.391 +(ut `)-4.091 F(`.)-.74 E 2.871 -.74('' a)-.7 H 1.391(nd `).74 F(`..)-.74 +E 2.871 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.391(ust be).74 F .298 +(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 661.2 R .298 (gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15 -F(y)-.15 E .327(\214lenames be)108 649.2 R .327(ginning with `)-.15 F -(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 +F(y)-.15 E .328(\214lenames be)108 673.2 R .328(ginning with `)-.15 F +(`.)-.74 E 1.808 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327 (nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.) -.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 5.327(.A).74 G 2.827(sa)-5.327 G(bo)-2.827 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328 -(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 661.2 Q -.969(Complicated e)108 678 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F -.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 -(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 690 R .091 -(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .091(ainst shorter strings, or us-) +(ve)-.15 G 2.827(,`).15 G(`.)-3.567 E 1.807 -.74('' o)-.7 H .327 +(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 685.2 Q +.968(Complicated e)108 702 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 714 R .091 +(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-) -.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f) -108 702 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(28)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +108 726 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(28)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113 +SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 +(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) 108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545 -(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429(by the shell.)108 +(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .428(by the shell.)108 148.8 R F3(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands\ ' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 -F(dif)108 160.8 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the \ -command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be) -6.02 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 +F(dif)108 160.8 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the c\ +ommand reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be) +6.019 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F (follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862 (may precede or appear an)108 184.8 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 @@ -3802,36 +3813,37 @@ F3(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R).77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F (processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5 (,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection that may be p\ receded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded by a w)108 -213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 +213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F -.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 +.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to) --3.18 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +-3.179 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q -F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3 -(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F -.794(persists be)108 261.6 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo) --.15 F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor') --.25 F(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 273.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1 -(va)2.5 G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha) -2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 290.4 R .284(wing descr\ -iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ -aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<) -3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F3 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 261.6 R .793 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s) +-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 273.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G +(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior) +-.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 290.4 R .283(wing descriptions, if\ + the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \ +the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 314.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 331.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 355.2 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 331.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 355.2 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 384 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 400.8 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3843,12 +3855,12 @@ Q F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 463.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 492 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 492 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 504 Q (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 520.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 @@ -3859,23 +3871,23 @@ E F3(fd)A F0(If)180 532.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 580.8 Q F1(/de) 144 592.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 604.8 Q F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0 -(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 652.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 664.8 Q F3 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 676.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 693.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 -(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F -(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(29)185.545 E 0 +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(29)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -3892,43 +3904,43 @@ SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 -R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 170.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4 +R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F (x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 194.4 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 256.8 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 -.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 +.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q @@ -3939,13 +3951,13 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 -2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115 -(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 +2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114 +(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1 (Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3957,13 +3969,13 @@ E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1 652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ -l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(30)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(30)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3972,23 +3984,23 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 -108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +108 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 136.8 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 -.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 (is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 (are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 (xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\) 2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 @@ -3997,59 +4009,59 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1 -(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S -1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .374(wline appended, \ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .375(wline appended, \ to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108 300 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 (Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -374.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F22.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q +374.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F22.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q (The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 +-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R -(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 +(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406 E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.544 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F23.204 E F0 -3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 -.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E -.965(not e)108 484.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.543 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F23.203 E F0 +3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0 +.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E +.966(not e)108 484.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2 +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([) 144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F1 -(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F1(n)3.378 E F0 -3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F1(n)3.017 E F0 -.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1 +(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0 +3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0 +.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1 (n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0 -.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767 -(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F -F1(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 +2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0 +.268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768 +(rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F +F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -4057,8 +4069,8 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F (scriptor)108 708 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c> -2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 -E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(31)185.545 E 0 +E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(31)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -4067,242 +4079,242 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96 -Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) --3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w) +-3.174 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393 -(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B) -4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98 -(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473 -(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 -(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92> -2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611 -(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E +(alias)2.894 E F0(and)2.894 E F3(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394 +(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B) +4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979 +(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472 +(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 +(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92> +2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612 +(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E (har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 192 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) --3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 192 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) +-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 -266.4 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 -.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 +.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 +266.4 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 +.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 307.2 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.074(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.075(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G -.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 +and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G +.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 355.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) --.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) +-.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) 108 379.2 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F --.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F3 (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 403.2 Q -.15 (Fo)108 420 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1 -(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 448.8 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 448.8 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 460.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 460.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 508.8 -R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 508.8 +R F3(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 549.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) -.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 549.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F3(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 585.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 585.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 597.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .656 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 626.4 R .05 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 626.4 R .051 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local) -2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G -(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F3(local)2.55 E +F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 +E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ +luding the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F +(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F -.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -662.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F +.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 +662.4 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ +to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726 -(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726 -(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726 -(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 715.2 R .007 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .726 +(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726 +(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727 +(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727 +(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 715.2 R .008 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 -768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(32)185.545 E 0 Cg +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) +108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(32)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.116 --.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.117 +-.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 96 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -112.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) -2.724 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F1(func1)2.723 E F0 -.223(calls another function)2.723 F F1(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F1(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F1(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +112.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function) +2.723 F F1(func1)2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F1(func1)2.724 E F0 +.224(calls another function)2.724 F F1(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 124.8 R F1(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +F F1(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F1(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 136.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G -.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G +.482(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 165.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ - unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .013 -(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ +unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ +unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .014 +(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) 108 201.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 (ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 213.6 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 --.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 +-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 271.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 283.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 283.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 295.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 312 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 324 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.046(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +.047(\214le and line number)108 336 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G (he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 -(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 +(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 (processes \(those created when e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 -(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F23.2 E F0 .7 -(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F -.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F23.201 -E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 372 S -(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F23.201 E F0 .701 +(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 +(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F +F23.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 372 +S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 400.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 412.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV) -72 429.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089 -(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 +72 429.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088 +(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0 -(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G -.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.589 E F0 +(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.453 G +.953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 465.6 Q 1.058 +3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 465.6 Q 1.057 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 477.6 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 489.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 489.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) +5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 501.6 Q F1(id)108 518.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id) 2.5 E F2A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5108 542.4 S @@ -4318,8 +4330,8 @@ F0(multiplication, di)144 602.4 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> 144 662.4 Q F2(&)108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 674.4 Q F2(^)108 686.4 Q F0(bitwise e)144 686.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) 108 698.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 698.4 Q F2(&&)108 710.4 Q F0(logical AND) -144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(33)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(33)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4334,84 +4346,84 @@ SF(||)108 84 Q F0(logical OR)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 156 Q .68(Shell v)108 172.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 184.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 184.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) -.25 F -.15(ex)108 196.8 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 208.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 -(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 220.8 R .154 +.42(ing the parameter e)108 208.8 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 +(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F +.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 220.8 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F2(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 232.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F2(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 +(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 +(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 232.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 244.8 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 273.6 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 285.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F2(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F2(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 309.6 Q F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ -n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ -o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F +<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) +5.517 F 3.282(al)108 273.6 S .782 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G +.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 285.6 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 +(he form [)-3.316 F F2(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F2(base) +3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F2(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) +108 309.6 Q F2(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ + is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 +F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 321.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F2(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -333.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +333.6 Q .235(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 362.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 379.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 379.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F -.133(\214le attrib)108 403.2 R .133 +2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F +.134(\214le attrib)108 403.2 R .134 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F1(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F1([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 415.2 Q .198 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .234 +F1(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F1([)2.633 E F0 .133 +(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 415.2 Q .197 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) +-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .235 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 444 R .234 -(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235 -(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425 -(cially when the)108 456 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F +(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234 +(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424 +(cially when the)108 456 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F 2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F -F1(bash)2.924 E F0 .424(is running pro)2.924 F .424(vides these)-.15 F -.344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ -m internally with this beha)108 468 R .345(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2 -(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 480 R F2(/de)3.306 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F2(n) -3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2 -(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029 -(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 492 R F2(/de)2.529 E -(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r) --2.53 E F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.53<2c8c>C .03 -(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +F1(bash)2.925 E F0 .425(is running pro)2.925 F .425(vides these)-.15 F +.345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\ +m internally with this beha)108 468 R .344(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2 +(\214le)2.844 E F0(ar)2.844 E(-)-.2 E .805 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 480 R F2(/de)3.305 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.306(,t)C .806(hen \214le descriptor)-3.306 F F2(n) +3.306 E F0 .806(is check)3.306 F 3.306(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.306 E F2 +(\214le)3.306 E F0(ar)3.306 E(gu-)-.18 E .03 +(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 492 R F2(/de)2.53 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.529(,o)C(r)-2.529 E F2 +(/de)2.529 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.529<2c8c>C .029 +(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 520.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 520.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 532.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 550.8 R F1([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 -E F1(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F1(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 550.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 562.8 Q F1108 586.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 586.8 S (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 598.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 598.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 @@ -4436,8 +4448,8 @@ Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 658.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 706.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1108 718.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 718.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(34)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(34)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4476,10 +4488,10 @@ A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 264 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 288 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 288 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 300 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 @@ -4490,12 +4502,12 @@ E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 108 372 Q F1108 384 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 396 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 (string1)108 412.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 424.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 436.8 S .861 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 436.8 S .862 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 448.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 460.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 (string1)108 477.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 489.6 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 506.4 Q F1(<)2.5 @@ -4505,38 +4517,38 @@ E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 535.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 547.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 564 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 576 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +(OP)144 576 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 588 R -F2(ar)144 600 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(ar)3.919 E -(g2)-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589 -(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte) -.15 E 3.59(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F1([[)3.59 E F0 +F2(ar)144 600 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F2(ar)3.92 E(g2) +-.37 E F0 1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 +G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E +3.589(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F1([[)3.589 E F0 (command,)144 612 Q F2(Ar)4.447 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.437 E F2(Ar)4.447 E (g2)-.37 E F0 .937(are e)3.457 F -.25(va)-.25 G .937 (luated as arithmetic e).25 F .937(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .937 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.437 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 624 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) -72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614 -(wing e)-.25 F .614(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +72 640.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 652.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613 +(wing e)-.25 F .613(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F (rections, from left to right, in the follo)108 664.8 Q(wing order)-.25 -E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 681.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 681.6 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +E(.)-.55 E(1.)108 681.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 681.6 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 710.4 Q .179(The w)144 710.4 R .179 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 710.4 Q .18(The w)144 710.4 R .18 (ords that are not v)-.1 F .179 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.68(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)2.68 E 2.68(yw)-.15 G .18(ords remain af-)-2.78 F .347(ter e)144 -722.4 R .347(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .347(ord is tak)-.1 F .347 -(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .346 -(ords are)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(35)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 2.679(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)2.679 E 2.679(yw)-.15 G .179(ords remain af-)-2.779 F .346(ter e) +144 722.4 R .346(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .346(ord is tak)-.1 F +.347(en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F .347 +(ords are)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(35)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4546,41 +4558,41 @@ BP (guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 100.8 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 117.6 Q .716(The te)144 117.6 R .717 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.)108 117.6 Q .717(The te)144 117.6 R .717 (xt after the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v) 3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F -.717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 +.717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 (command substitution, arithmetic e)144 129.6 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 141.6 Q -.586(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .586 +.587(If no command name results, the v)108 158.4 R .586 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .586(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -3.087(vironment. In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ +3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ ssignment statements)108 170.4 R .835 (are performed before redirections.)108 182.4 R .835(Otherwise, the v) 5.835 F .835(ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835 -(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839 +(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838 (command and do not af)108 194.4 R .838(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. 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If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 276 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 288 Q (xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 304.8 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 316.8 R .547 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 304.8 Q F0 .547 +(After a command has been split into w)108 316.8 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 328.8 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4591,73 +4603,74 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 345.6 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F2(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 369.6 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 386.4 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 398.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.162 G -(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 386.4 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F3(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 398.4 Q F1 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F3(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F3(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 -(search of the directories in)108 422.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) -2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ -es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 434.4 R F3(command_not_f) -3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 446.4 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G -1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 -(and the original command')108 458.4 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G -.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 -(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F +F0(under)4.415 E F1 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 422.4 R F1 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 434.4 R F3(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 446.4 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 +(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 +(and the original command')108 458.4 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 +(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F .263(tus of that subshell.)108 470.4 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 482.4 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 -(named program in a separate e)108 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +108 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 511.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 523.2 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.049(If this e)108 540 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.049(cution f).15 F 1.049 -(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048 -(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.548(,i)-.65 G -3.548(ti)-3.548 G 3.548(sa)-3.548 G(s-)-3.548 E .143(sumed to be a)108 +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.048(If this e)108 540 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.048(cution f).15 F 1.048 +(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.049 +(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 3.549(,i)-.65 G +3.549(ti)-3.549 G 3.549(sa)-3.549 G(s-)-3.549 E .143(sumed to be a)108 552 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .143(shell script)2.643 F F0 2.643(,a\214) C .143(le containing shell commands, and the shell creates a ne)-2.643 F 2.643(wi)-.25 G .143(nstance of itself to)-2.643 F -.15(exe)108 564 S -.137(cute it.).15 F .137 -(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.137 F .136 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.636(ws)-.25 G .136(hell had been in)-2.636 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.636(dt).1 G 2.636(oh)-2.636 G(andle)-2.636 -E .865(the script, with the e)108 576 R .866 +.136(cute it.).15 F .136 +(This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)5.136 F .137 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.637(ws)-.25 G .137(hell had been in)-2.637 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.637(dt).1 G 2.637(oh)-2.637 G(andle)-2.637 +E .866(the script, with the e)108 576 R .866 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F3(hash)3.366 E F0(belo)3.366 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 588 Q F1 +-.15 F F3(hash)3.365 E F0(belo)3.365 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 588 Q F1 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F2(\))A F0 -(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 604.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) +108 604.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F3(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. 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Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 477.6 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 477.6 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 489.6 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -506.4 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +506.4 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) 108 518.4 R(not in)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 -(If a command is follo)108 535.2 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 -.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G -.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 -(is the empty \214le)108 547.2 R F3(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 -(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) -.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 559.2 Q/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 576 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344 +(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 +(If a command is follo)108 535.2 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 +.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G +.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 +(is the empty \214le)108 547.2 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 +(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) +.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 559.2 Q/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 576 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343 (When a program is in)108 588 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg)-4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na) .25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343(rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F3(en) -5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343 +5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344 (his is a list of)-7.343 F F3(name)108 600 Q F0A F3(value)A F0 (pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F3(value)A F0(.).18 E -.438(The shell pro)108 616.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +.439(The shell pro)108 616.8 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 -F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439 +F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438 (wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment and creates a parameter for each name fou\ -nd, automatically marking it for)108 628.8 R F3 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E -F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F 2.703(cesses. Ex)108 640.8 R .203 +nd, automatically marking it for)108 628.8 R F3 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E +F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F 2.704(cesses. Ex)108 640.8 R .203 (ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1 (export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x) --2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E +-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 652.8 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 664.8 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 676.8 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 664.8 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E +.32(inherited by an)108 676.8 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 688.8 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G -.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G -(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) --.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E -F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 700.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 717.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 -.563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 +(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 688.8 R +3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G +3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) +3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E +F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 700.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E +F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 717.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F +(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 729.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 729.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .203(fect only the) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(37)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -4784,209 +4797,209 @@ BP -.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(all)3.64 E F0 .81 (parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 112.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 129.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 129.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 141.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 158.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151 -(The e)108 170.4 R .151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 182.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 158.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15 +(The e)108 170.4 R .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151 +(lent func-).25 F 2.848(tion. Exit)108 182.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 194.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 194.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 206.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 223.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 235.2 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 247.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Fo)108 223.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 235.2 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 247.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 264 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 276 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 276 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 292.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 309.6 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 309.6 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 321.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F --.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 321.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 333.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 333.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(The e)108 350.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 367.2 Q F0 -.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +.201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 379.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 396 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 408 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 +(SIGN)72 396 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 408 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) -2.502 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0)2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 -420 Q 1.216 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 -.915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2 -(bu)3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 +420 Q 1.215 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 +.915(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2 +(bu)3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F F1(bash)108 432 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) -.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 448.8 -Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -460.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 +-.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +460.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 472.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 484.8 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 501.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 501.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 513.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 537.6 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 513.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 525.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 537.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 (SIGHUP)108 549.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 566.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -578.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 595.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +578.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 595.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 619.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 +(via the)108 619.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F +F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 631.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and) 108 648 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 660 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 +-.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 660 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105 (board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 -(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 +(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108 672 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 684 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 (sends)2.5 E F4(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 700.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 +2.25 E(When)108 700.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3 (is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (s).15 E F4(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 712.8 R .81(aits until that fore) --.1 F .81 +F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 712.8 R .809 +(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F4(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 724.8 Q F5(:)A F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No) -136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(38)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +F4(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 724.8 Q F5(:)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No) +136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(38)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(1.)108 84 Q .002 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(1.)108 84 Q .003 (If the command terminates due to the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIGINT)2.502 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) -2.252 E F0 .003(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F +(SIGINT)2.503 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) +2.252 E F0 .002(concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F (script, and acts on the)144 96 Q F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 112.8 Q .289 +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 112.8 Q .288 (If the command does not terminate due to)144 112.8 R F1(SIGINT)2.788 E -F2(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F1(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 -(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 124.8 R .728 +F2(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F1(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289 +(itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 124.8 R .728 (atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F3(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 (does not treat)3.228 F F1(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 -(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 136.8 R F1(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G -3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G -.771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 +(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771 +(stead assuming that the)144 136.8 R F1(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G +3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G +.772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 148.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(bash)3.309 E -F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -160.8 Q F1(SIGINT)3.789 E F2(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F -3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) +F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144 +160.8 Q F1(SIGINT)3.788 E F2(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F +3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-) -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E /F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 189.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 201.6 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) --.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 201.6 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 213.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 -(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 213.6 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 225.6 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 242.4 R -F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F -.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 254.4 R F3 -(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 266.4 +G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 242.4 R +F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F +.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 254.4 R F3 +(jobs)2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 266.4 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 283.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 300 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 312 R .732 +ociated)108 300 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 312 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 324 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 324 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8 (To f)108 340.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.538(tion of a)108 352.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 -F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +F 1.537(tion of a)108 352.8 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 364.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 376.8 Q -F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 376.8 Q +F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for) 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .145(group ID dif)108 388.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .146(group ID dif)108 388.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 400.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 424.8 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 453.6 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 465.6 S -.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 424.8 R F1 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 453.6 R F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 465.6 S +.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F3(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 489.6 R(to)108 501.6 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F @@ -4994,13 +5007,13 @@ F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 (background, the)108 513.6 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F3 (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F3(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 525.6 R 3.918 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 525.6 R 3.919 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 537.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 554.4 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 566.4 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F5(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) @@ -5015,91 +5028,91 @@ E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 602.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 (substring matches more than one job,)108 614.4 R F3(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.833 E .133 +F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.832 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -638.4 R F5(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F3(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 +638.4 R F5(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 +(may be referenced using)2.806 F F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) +-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F3(%+)2.575 E F0(and) +2.575 E F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 650.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F3 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 662.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 691.2 R -(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -703.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +703.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(mber 16).15 E(39)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(39)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .131 -(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj) -.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157 -(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 -.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 148.8 R F1 -(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .13 +(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 +G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G .158 +(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 +.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 +(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 148.8 R F1 +(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 -(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 +(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) 108 160.8 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) +5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 184.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E -.644(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1 +.645(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1 2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F (fore returning.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 242.4 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 266.4 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 278.4 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 290.4 R F1 -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 266.4 R F2(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F2(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 278.4 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 290.4 R F1 +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 302.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 314.4 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 314.4 Q F1(\\d)144 326.4 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 326.4 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 338.4 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) -A F1(})A F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) -3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +A F1(})A F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to) +3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 362.4 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -5122,7 +5135,7 @@ Q F0(the hostname)180 398.4 Q F1(\\j)144 410.4 Q F0 144 530.4 Q F0(the v)180 530.4 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 542.4 Q F0(the release of)180 542.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .12(the v)180 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .119(the v)180 554.4 R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B F2($HOME)2.619 E F0 (abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F(the v)180 566.4 Q @@ -5139,90 +5152,89 @@ F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 626.4 Q F4 (\\[)144 650.4 Q F0(be)180 650.4 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 662.4 Q F1(\\])144 674.4 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 691.2 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 703.2 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 715.2 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 727.2 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ + in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ +ory \214le \(see)108 703.2 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 715.2 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 +(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 727.2 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(40)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .683(arithmetic e) -108 84 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683 -(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 96 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 -(command under)3.697 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL) --.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). 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By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.406 +108 148.8 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 160.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 +(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F12.885 E F0 .385 +(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G +2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.407 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F -3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 +3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 184.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 208.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 225.6 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 237.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 261.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 273.6 R F4 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 -314.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R +(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 +(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) +108 261.6 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G +2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 +E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 +H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 +H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 273.6 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E +(ho)108 314.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 326.4 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 326.4 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 338.4 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 338.4 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 355.2 R F4 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 355.2 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 367.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 367.2 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -5231,27 +5243,27 @@ F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) 108 391.2 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 408 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 420 R -F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 432 R .573(en from the v) +F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 432 R .573(en from the v) -.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v)3.073 F .573 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.573 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat)-3.073 E 3.062 -(\214le does)108 444 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat)-3.072 E 3.061 +(\214le does)108 444 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562 (xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F4 -(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 -(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 456 R .475 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 468 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 -(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 -(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 480 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 +(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 456 R .474 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 +(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 468 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 +(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 +(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 +(ning with a)108 480 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 -(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 +(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1(ke)108 492 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .987(The def)108 508.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +-.25 E .986(The def)108 508.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 (-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) 3.487 F(add their o)108 520.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 @@ -5261,11 +5273,11 @@ F -.1(ke)108 492 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 590.4 Q F4(inputr) 2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 607.2 R +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 607.2 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU) 3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F4 -(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108.63 619.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.83 +F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F4 +(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108.63 619.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 636 R .209(ws k)-.25 F @@ -5276,18 +5288,18 @@ F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 676.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 688.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 688.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 700.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F4(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 712.8 Q -1.542(When using the form)108 729.6 R F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:) -A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F4(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 712.8 Q +1.541(When using the form)108 729.6 R F1 -.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:) +A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 E F4(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0 (,)A F4 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542(is the name of a k)4.222 F -1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in).15 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(41)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in).15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(41)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5296,33 +5308,33 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(English. F)108 84 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 120 Q(ard-kill-w) --.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 132 Q .698(In the abo)108 +-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 132 Q .699(In the abo)108 148.8 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) -108 160.8 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd) --2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F -.258(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) +108 160.8 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd) +-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F +.259(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) 108 172.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 189.6 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 189.6 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 201.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 213.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 213.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 225.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 261.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 290.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 290.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 302.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 302.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -5343,27 +5355,26 @@ equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 528 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 528 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 (When entering the te)108 544.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 556.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 556.8 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 568.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F2(Bash)108 585.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 597.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +F2(Bash)108 585.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 597.6 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 609.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Readline V)87 626.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 638.4 +(Readline V)87 626.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 638.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 650.4 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 650.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 667.2 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 679.2 Q F2(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E @@ -5371,15 +5382,15 @@ F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E (Except where noted, readline v)108 696 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 708 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 708 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 720 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (42)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5388,17 +5399,17 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)108 84 S (lues are:).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108 -100.8 Q F0 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 112.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 124.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 136.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 148.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 160.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 172.8 Q -.15 +100.8 Q F0 .011(Controls what happens when readline w)144 112.8 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 124.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 136.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 148.8 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 160.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 172.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 184.8 Q(en \(Off\)) -.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 196.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 @@ -5408,70 +5419,70 @@ empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 232.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q -F0(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 +2.935(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q +F0(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\ +(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\ ored-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ \214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 280.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 -292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On) -4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579 -(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58 +292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On) +4.08 E F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579 +(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F 1.579 (ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 316.8 R (color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885 +(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 (The string that is inserted when the readline)144 340.8 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 364.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\ -ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .194(The v)144 388.8 +ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .193(The v)144 388.8 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\ -l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 400.8 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 412.8 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 424.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 448.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 460.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 472.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of po\ -ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 556.8 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .367 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 +(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 +556.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .368 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.173(Az) -5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8 -Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612 -(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613 -(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 +(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.172(Az) +5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 +E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8 +Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613 +(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613 +(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 640.8 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 @@ -5481,67 +5492,67 @@ F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 676.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.211(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no) --3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 -G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +1.21(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(43)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(43)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .141 +SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142 (Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 +SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti) -144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622 -(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156 -S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839 +144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621 +(alue is e)-.25 F .621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156 +S 3.339(yb)-.05 G .839 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F .84 (es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 168 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) 144 180 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G.1 E -(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746 -(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 +(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.245 E F0 .746 +(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 (refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 -(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 +(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F .344 (tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 216 R F2 -.37(re) 2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) --2.845 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-) +-2.844 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .628(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re) +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .629(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re) -.15 F .628(gion using the terminal')-.15 F 3.128(ss)-.55 G .628 (tandout mode.)-3.128 F .628(The acti)5.628 F .928 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 -(eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .629(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .448 -(inserted by brack)144 252 R .448(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.948(ym)-.15 -G .448(atching te)-2.948 F .447 +(eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .628(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .447 +(inserted by brack)144 252 R .447(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.947(ym)-.15 +G .447(atching te)-2.947 F .448 (xt found by incremental and non-incremental his-)-.15 F(tory searches.) 144 264 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 276 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 -1.221(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +1.222(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 (paste into the editing b)144 300 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 (it had been read from the k)144 312 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 +144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 (When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 360 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 372 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5553,88 +5564,88 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 372 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 432 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 468 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R +108 468 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) --3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 -E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.983(we)-.25 G -.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 -(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E +-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 +E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.982(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 +(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 528 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 564 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 576 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 600 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 600 R F1(On) +3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 (characters it reads\), re)144 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 624 S(ynon) --2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) +5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 624 S(ynon) +-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1 +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1 (isear)108 648 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 684 Q F2 +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 684 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 696 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -708 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 +108 696 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 708 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 720 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(44)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +2.541 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.541 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(44)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .449(is equi)144 -84 R -.25(va)-.25 G .449(lent to).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C .449(he def)-5.449 F -.449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G -.448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 96 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .448(is equi)144 +84 R -.25(va)-.25 G .448(lent to).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C .448(he def)-5.448 F +.448(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F1(emacs)3.139 E F0 2.949(;t).27 G +.449(he v)-2.949 F .449(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 96 Q (ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 108 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 120 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 120 R F1 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 132 R .825 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 132 R .824 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E -3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 144 R +3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G +.525(dditional in-)-3.025 F .807(put to complete a longer k)144 144 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) -3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F1 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) +3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .806(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F +F1 -.37(re)3.306 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.306 E .906(use the shorter b) 144 156 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 (equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 -(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 168 R F1 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 (will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 (If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 180 R(alue,)-.25 E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 204 Q(ectories \(On\)) -.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -5647,75 +5658,75 @@ E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 276 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 288 Q F0 .193(This v)144 300 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 288 Q F0 .192(This v)144 300 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 312 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 324 Q F2 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 336 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 348 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.585(If set to)144 348 R F2(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 360 Q +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 360 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.507(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 396 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 396 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .885 (if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 408 Q F2 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 420 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 432 R F2(On) +(page\255completions \(On\))108 420 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 432 R F2(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 444 Q F2 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .228 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .227 (If set to)144 468 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) -2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 480 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E (wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 492 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 504 R -F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 504 R +F2(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 516 S +-3.199 F F2(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 516 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 528 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 540 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 552 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 552 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 564 R(bell.)144 576 Q F2 -(sho)108 588 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 600 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F2(sho)144 612 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 588 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 600 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F2(sho)144 612 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 624 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 624 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 636 Q F2 -(sho)108 648 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 660 R F2(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 636 Q F2 +(sho)108 648 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 660 R F2(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 672 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F1(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 696 R -F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 696 R +F2(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 708 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 3.275(insert characters from \ +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 3.275(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 720 R -3.275(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(mber 16).15 E(45)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +3.274(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(45)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5724,53 +5735,53 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (completed, so portions of the w)144 84 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 96 Q F0 .518(If the)144 108 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E -F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 96 Q F0 .517(If the)144 108 +R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E +F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -120 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476(The v) -5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 132 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak) +120 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475(The v) +5.475 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 132 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.83(eak) -.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 144 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 144 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -156 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 168 Q F0 .518 -(If the)144 180 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.018 G .517 +156 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 168 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 180 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -192 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .924(panded lik).15 F -3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 216 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +192 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .923(panded lik).15 F +3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 216 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -228 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 252 R +228 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 264 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 280.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 292.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 304.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 304.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 333.6 Q F0(The)144 333.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 333.6 Q F0(The)144 333.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 345.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 357.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 374.4 Q F0(The)180 374.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 374.4 Q F0(The)180 374.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. This)180 386.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 @@ -5778,66 +5789,66 @@ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F (out in emacs mode.)180 410.4 Q F1(term)144 427.2 Q F0(The)180 427.2 Q -F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 439.2 R +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 439.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 451.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 451.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 463.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 480 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 +(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 (ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 504 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 516 Q F1(=)3.064 E -F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) --3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 +(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 516 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 (of the operator consists of a major v)180 528 R .318(ersion number)-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 540 -R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B -.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C -(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 552 R F1 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 540 R +.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 552 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 (ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 564 Q F1 (application)144 580.8 Q F0(The)180 592.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 604.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 616.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 628.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +616.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 628.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 640.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 640.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 664.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 676.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 688.8 Q F1($endif)180 -700.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(46)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +700.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(46)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 84 Q F0(The)180 96 Q F1(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 108 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)144 84 Q F0(The)180 96 Q F1(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 108 R F1(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F1(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F1(!=) -2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08(ariable name must be sepa-) --.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the operat\ -or may be separated from)180 120 R .129(the v)180 132 R .129 -(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F .13 -(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F +2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 120 R .13 +(the v)180 132 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 144 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F1(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($endif)108 160.8 Q F0 @@ -5845,67 +5856,67 @@ or may be separated from)180 120 R .129(the v)180 132 R .129 (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F2($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2($else) 108 177.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 177.6 Q F2($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 194.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 206.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F2($include)108 194.4 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 206.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 218.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F1(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F2 ($include)144 242.4 Q F1(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F2(Sear)87 259.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 271.2 R .834 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 271.2 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 283.2 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 283.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F1(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F1(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 300 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 300 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 312 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 324 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 -(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 +(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) 108 336 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F2(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 348 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 360 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ -mes the current line.)108 372 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 388.8 T 1.339(nd \ +F .097(mental search.)108 360 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) +5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 372 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 388.8 T 1.339(nd \ other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ - as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 -400.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F -.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E -5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 412.8 R .475 -.15 + as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 +400.8 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.674(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.674(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 412.8 R .474 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 424.8 R F1(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -436.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -453.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 465.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 424.8 R F1(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 436.8 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 453.6 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 465.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 482.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 494.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 511.2 Q F0 1.392 +rent line.)108 494.4 Q F2(Readline Command Names)87 511.2 Q F0 1.391 (The follo)108 523.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 535.2 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 547.2 Q F1(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 559.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 535.2 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 547.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 559.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 576 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E @@ -5917,11 +5928,11 @@ E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) .15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 660 Q F0(Mo)144 672 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.25(fo)108 684 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 696 -Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 +Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(47)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ters and digits\).)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(47)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5937,30 +5948,30 @@ SF(backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q 1.71 -.15 .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F (ters.)144 144 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -168 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +168 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 180 Q F1(pr)108 192 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.89(Attempt to mo)144 204 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 +.891(Attempt to mo)144 204 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891 (oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F -.891(vious ph)-.25 F .891(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87 -(This will not ha)144 216 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F -.87(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha) +144 216 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G 3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 228 Q(ysical line or if\ point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\ -th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 240 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 -(Attempt to mo)144 252 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637(oint to the same ph) -.15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .638(xt ph)-.15 F .638 -(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)144 264 R .309 -.15 +th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 240 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 252 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph) +.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637 +(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 264 R .309 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\ or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \ length of the prompt plus)144 276 R(the screen width.)144 288 Q F1 -(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 300 Q F0 1.499 +(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 300 Q F0 1.498 (Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 312 R 3.999(ss) --.55 G 1.498(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.998(,t)-.4 G -1.498(hen redra)-3.998 F 3.998(wt)-.15 G 1.498(he current line,)-3.998 F +-.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G +1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F (lea)144 324 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1 (clear\255scr)108 336 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36 (Clear the screen, then redra)144 348 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36 @@ -5971,10 +5982,10 @@ length of the prompt plus)144 276 R(the screen width.)144 288 Q F1 -.18(re)108 372 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0 (Refresh the current line.)144 384 Q F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q (or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 -412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.159(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 -(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158 -(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699(according to the state of the) +412.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 424.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158 +(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159 +(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the) 144 436.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va) 2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699 (the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -5989,28 +6000,28 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 532.8 Q F0(Mo)144 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 556.8 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 556.8 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 580.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 -F .729 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 580.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F +.729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 592.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 604.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 616.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) --.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G +-.4(Wi)144 616.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 +(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) +-.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G (th-).4 E(out an ar)144 628.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 640.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +108 640.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 (Search backw)144 652.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 664.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 676.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(48)185.545 E 0 +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(48)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6019,103 +6030,103 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) 144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\ g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \ non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q (.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +.249(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters bet\ -ween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q +(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 +204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters between\ + the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 228 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ -he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 252 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 -(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +108 228 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard\ + through the history for the string of characters between the start of \ +the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 +252 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 (line. This)144 264 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +.249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G <4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 336 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 348 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 372 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 372 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 384 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 396 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E .416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 444 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 +(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 468 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 480 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .622 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .939 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938 (Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 564 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 576 R .437 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 -(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 612 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 564 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 576 R .438 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 +(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 684 Q F0(In)144 -696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E +696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E (tempts to in)144 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) 2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G -(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(49)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(49)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6124,80 +6135,81 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 96 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\)) -2.5 E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 +2.5 E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 108 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799 -(.I)C 3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(.I)C 3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 120 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 132 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 144 Q F0 -.442(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +.441(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 180 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553 +108 180 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553 (.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 240 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 264 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) 108 288 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 300 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 312 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 324 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 336 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321 +108 336 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F .372 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 360 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -396 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +396 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 408 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 420 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 444 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 456 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 480 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 492 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 516 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 528 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 552 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894 -(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.968 G -1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.958(pushing the te)144 588 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 -(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 -.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 552 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re) +4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 +(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 +(pushing the te)144 588 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 616.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 628.8 Q F0 (Kill the te)144 640.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 @@ -6208,7 +6220,7 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 700.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(50)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6216,32 +6228,32 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R -.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R +.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) 108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 228 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 264 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 276 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 @@ -6249,15 +6261,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 384 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 408 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 @@ -6268,41 +6280,41 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 604.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 604.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 681.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(51)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6313,19 +6325,19 @@ BP SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w) -.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete) -3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 -(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1 +(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete) +3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 +(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 (\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 (An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -6340,7 +6352,7 @@ E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 (delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 @@ -6366,10 +6378,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .58 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -6377,14 +6389,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6398,8 +6410,8 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 676.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G (C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(52)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(52)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6407,7 +6419,7 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E -F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\ r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 (print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 @@ -6415,18 +6427,18 @@ r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.249 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x) -4.238 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x) +4.239 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) 2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6434,10 +6446,10 @@ F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 (Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0 (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.231 -F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 -.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F (turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1 (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 @@ -6445,63 +6457,63 @@ F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 (Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw) -144 412.8 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +144 412.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 -448.8 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 +448.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.827 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.826 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 532.8 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 532.8 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F (xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 (gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 (the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 676.8 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .42 +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .421 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 700.8 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) -4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E -(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(53)185.545 E 0 +(wa)144 700.8 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) +4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E +(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(53)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6509,12 +6521,12 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 +SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 96 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F -.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 +.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 108 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 132 R .176 +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 132 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 144 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6527,223 +6539,223 @@ ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q .872(the line is redra)144 192 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 240 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 252 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 276 R .108 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 288 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 324 Q +.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 276 R .109 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 288 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 324 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 336 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 348 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 360 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 388.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 412.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 441.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F12.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0 .056 +(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 525.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ d to generate the list of matching w)108 542.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 554.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 571.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 595.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 612 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 624 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 636 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 652.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 664.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +664.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 676.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 676.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 688.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -700.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +700.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 712.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(54)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(54)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.375 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.376 (options is in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F2 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q -F2(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 +3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F2 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q +F2(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157 (riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .157(Shell V)2.657 F -(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 108 S .986 -(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .158(Shell V)2.658 F +(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 108 S .986 +(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986 (d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1(COMP_CW) 3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F -(When)5.986 E .347(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G .347(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0 -2.846(\)i)C 2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar) --2.846 F(guments)-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 132 -R .263(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264 -(he w)-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 144 R -.629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 156 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(When)5.985 E .346(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G .346(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0 +2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar) +-2.847 F(guments)-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 132 +R .264(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264 +(he w)-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 144 R +.628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 156 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.938 F F32.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.937 F F32.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108 208.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F32.581 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) --2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 237.6 R -.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ -output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F32.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 237.6 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 266.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F32.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 278.4 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 290.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F3(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F32.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 278.4 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 290.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F3(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 302.4 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F3 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 302.4 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F3(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F3(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F3(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -343.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +343.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F33.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F33.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .247 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .246 (If the pre)108 372 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)108 384 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 429.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 441.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F3(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 453.6 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F3 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 465.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F3(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 429.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 441.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F3(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 453.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F3 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 465.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F3(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F33.172 E(default)108 477.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F33.171 E(default)108 477.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 489.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 518.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 530.4 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 542.4 + to directories, subject)108 518.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 530.4 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 542.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -559.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +559.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 571.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F3 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 583.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 595.2 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 595.2 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 619.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 631.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 631.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 648 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +E -.15(Fo)108 648 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 660 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6751,154 +6763,155 @@ E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 676.8 Q({)108 688.8 Q 6 (.")144 700.8 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 712.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(55)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(55)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371(When the) -108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 124.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .429(mands to sa)108 136.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F4 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 100.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372(When the) +108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 124.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .43(mands to sa)108 136.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F4 +(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 148.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 160.8 -S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 172.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 172.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 201.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F4 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F4 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F5(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 261.6 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E -F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 261.6 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +-.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. 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If) -.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +.197(history \214le is o)108 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 321.6 R -3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 -(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 321.6 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 333.6 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 (truncated to contain no more than)108 345.6 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 357.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 374.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F4 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R -(The)5.471 E F2(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 374.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F4 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R +(The)5.472 E F2(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 398.4 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 410.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 427.2 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 410.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 427.2 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F2 (cmdhist)108 451.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 463.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 499.2 Q F1(HIST)72 516 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611 -F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +.95(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 (option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti) --.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 580.8 R 1.306 -(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 592.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5 +(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E +1.305(History e)108 580.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ +t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 592.8 R .21(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 621.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .251 +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .252 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 657.6 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 669.6 R F3 --.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 657.6 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 669.6 R F3 +-.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 681.6 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) --.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 693.6 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 681.6 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 693.6 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 705.6 R .355 +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 705.6 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) -3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -717.6 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 +717.6 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 729.6 R -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (56)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6909,20 +6922,20 @@ BP (Se)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e) -.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G (he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E +F1(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 +141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 +(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11 +(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11(vior of history e)-.2 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1 (shopt)2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 -F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used,\ +F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used,\ history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser) -108 165.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 +108 165.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449 (xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re) 4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 (fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G @@ -6930,30 +6943,30 @@ F F1 -.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used,\ Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -.303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E F12.803 E F0 .303 -(option to the)2.803 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +.304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E F12.804 E F0 .304 +(option to the)2.804 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 (pansion will do before using it.)108 213.6 R(The)5.52 E F13.02 E F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 242.4 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 254.4 R -F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 254.4 R +F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F (history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1(Ev) -87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) .15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q F0 -1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608(xcept when follo) +1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.607(xcept when follo) -.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew) --4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q +-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad> @@ -6964,55 +6977,55 @@ E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF g the current position in the history list starting with)144 384 R F2 (string)144.34 396 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\ -n the history list containing)144 420 R F2(string)144.34 432 Q F0 5.496 -(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 -(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F -.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ -rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 444 R .39 +n the history list containing)144 420 R F2(string)144.34 432 Q F0 5.497 +(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 +(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F +.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) +2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ +ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 444 R .391 (vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 456 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 473 Q -F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 -(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 +F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 +(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 +(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 492 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()-5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 504 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 504 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.314 +-.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 (are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) .8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 621.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 633.6 -R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 633.6 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E -F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.42 -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.419 +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F (character that is part of a w)144 669.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 681.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 681.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1 -(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 693.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 +(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 693.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e) +2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 717.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 717.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(57)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7026,10 +7039,10 @@ SF<78ad>108 84 Q F0(Abbre)144 84 Q(viates)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 100.8 Q (ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt.).15 E F1(h)108 158.4 Q F0(Remo)144 158.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H @@ -7043,151 +7056,152 @@ G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F 206.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 206.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E (ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 218.4 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 218.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .386 +(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 +E F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 242.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G (he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 (in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 -(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953 +(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954 (delimiter in place of /.)144 278.4 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 (The delimiter may be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 302.4 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 302.4 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 314.4 R -2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 314.4 R +2.986(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 +(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) 108 338.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 338.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F +(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35 +(used with `)2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F (limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0 (may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 386.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 +SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063 (Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1108 427.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577 (to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0 (,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 451.2 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 451.2 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) 108 463.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 493.2 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R .452 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 505.2 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 ([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 (\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 (Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 (status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from) .15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename) -5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .022(names in) -144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .022 -(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2(\214lename)4.432 -E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .023 -(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.861(cutable. The).15 F -1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA)3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86(cutable. When).15 F F1 -(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix)3.86 E(mode)144 606 Q F0 -2.648(,t)C .148 -(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 --.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 -(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F +5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .023 +(names in)144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +.022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2(\214lename) +4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .022 +(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.86(cutable. The).15 F +1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861(cutable. When).15 F F1 +(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 606 Q +F0 2.649(,t)C .148 +(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the) +4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1 +(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 630 Q 3.691(yb) --.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 -(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 -(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R .82(If the)5.82 F F13.32 E F0 -.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 -(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 -(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y) --.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) -3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 666 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 630 Q 3.692(yb)-.15 +G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2(\214lename) +3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691(cuted. Otherwise).15 +F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R +.82(If the)5.82 F F13.32 E F0 .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.) +3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1 +(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32 +(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +.823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822 +(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd) +-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the)3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E +F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726 +(cutes. If).15 F F12.727 E F0 .227 (is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The) -3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F -.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is) +-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391 +(completes. The)3.391 F .891 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89 +(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 +(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E F2(name)144 730.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(58)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +3.08 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(58)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(whose)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F1(value)2.509 E F0 .009 -(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009(ord to be check)-.1 F .008 +(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009(ord to be check)-.1 F .009 (ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579(tution when the alias is e)144 96 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579(or each)-.15 F F1(name)3.079 E F0 .579 (in the ar)3.079 F .579(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)3.079 E -F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 108 R 1.314 +F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 108 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Alias)6.314 -E F0 1.314(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi) -3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +E F0 1.314(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi) +3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 120 Q F2(bg)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 148.8 R -F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 160.8 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 148.8 R +F1(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F1(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 160.8 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.672 E F1(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 172.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 184.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F1(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 184.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F2(bind)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 @@ -7201,30 +7215,30 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 (function\255name)A F2(bind)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 -.37(re)C (adline\255command).37 E F2(bind)108 273.6 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 285.6 R F2 -.18 -(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 297.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F -.04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F2 --.18(re)144 309.6 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) -2.682 F F1(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 +(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 285.6 R F2 -.18 +(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 297.6 R F2 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. 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The)144 290.4 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 302.4 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 331.2 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F .93(the def)144 343.2 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G -(riable).25 E F4(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 355.2 -R F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 -F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 331.2 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F .929(the def)144 343.2 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G +(riable).25 E F4(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F2(dir) +3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 355.2 R +F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F +F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 367.2 R 3.299 +.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 367.2 R 3.299 (An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F4(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 379.2 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') -C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 +3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 379.2 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C +5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F2(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.928 E F0 .428 -(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -391.2 Q .168 +.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F12.927 E F0 .427 +(option causes)2.927 F F1(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 +391.2 Q .167 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 403.2 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) +2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 403.2 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 (dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F13.725 E F0 1.225 (option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 (iltin command\); the).2 F F13.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 415.2 R .411 +F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 415.2 R .411 (wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) 2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 427.2 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 -(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 439.2 R -.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F12.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 -2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E +2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 427.2 R F2(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 +(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F +.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 439.2 R +.175(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G +(he)-2.675 E F12.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F1 +2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 451.2 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 463.2 R .357 -(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F12.856 E F0 .356 -(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 475.2 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G -2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 -.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F4($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 -.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 487.2 R -.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F4(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 499.2 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ -hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) --.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 + directory change,)144 451.2 R F1(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F +.356(an unsuccessful status.)144 463.2 R .356 +(On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F12.857 E F0 .357 +(option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 +(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 475.2 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G +2.569(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F12.569 E F0 +.069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F4($OLDPWD)2.569 E +F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 +487.2 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F4(CDP)2.806 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F12.807 E +F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 499.2 Q .116(gument, and the dire\ +ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615 +(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 (tory is written to the standard output.)144 511.2 R .15 (If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 523.2 Q F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G -.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 535.2 R .126 +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 523.2 Q F0(en)2.958 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 +E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 535.2 R .125 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) --.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F +-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F (directory w)144 547.2 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E (alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 (])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -576 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 588 R F4 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +576 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 588 R F4 +-.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 (cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 600 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399 -(alue for)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E F0(is) +3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 600 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for) +-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 612 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 624 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 612 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2(command) +2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E F0 .175 +(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 624 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F .817 (ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -144 636 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 648 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1(wa) -4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 F F1 +144 636 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 648 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1(wa) +4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 660 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 672 S +(command)144.2 660 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 672 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 700.8 R +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 700.8 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 712.8 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 712.8 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 2.786(standard output.)144 724.8 R 2.786(When using the)7.786 F -F15.286 E F0(or)5.287 E F15.287 E F0 2.787(options, the v) -5.287 F 2.787(arious shell v)-.25 F 2.787(ariables set by the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 2.787(standard output.)144 724.8 R 2.787(When using the)7.787 F +F15.287 E F0(or)5.287 E F15.287 E F0 2.787(options, the v) +5.287 F 2.786(arious shell v)-.25 F 2.786(ariables set by the)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (60)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7457,20 +7471,20 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 -208.8 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F1 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F23.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 +(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 +208.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1 +(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F +F23.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 (options are supplied, e)144 220.8 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 232.8 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) 2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 244.8 R(The)6.207 E -F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 256.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 244.8 R(The)6.208 E +F23.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 256.8 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 268.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 @@ -7478,57 +7492,57 @@ F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 280.8 R (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) --3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 292.8 R(The)5.447 E -F22.947 E F0 .448 +-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 292.8 R(The)5.447 E +F22.947 E F0 .447 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 (should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 304.8 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 316.8 R F2(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F2(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 328.8 R F2 -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 316.8 R F2(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F2(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 328.8 R F2 +3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F23.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 -F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H -(f).15 E F23.207 E F0(,)A F2144 340.8 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) --2.603 E F22.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H +(f).15 E F23.208 E F0(,)A F2144 340.8 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) +-2.604 E F22.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 352.8 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 352.8 Q .152 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -376.8 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 +376.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F23.056 E F0(,)A F23.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F23.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F23.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F23.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(guments to the)-.18 F F23.055 E F0(,)A F23.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F23.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 424.8 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F23.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 436.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 448.8 Q -F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F1 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -508.8 Q F2(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +508.8 Q F2(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 532.8 Q F2(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F2 (\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) -2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q F2(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 652.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) @@ -7537,9 +7551,9 @@ letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) 676.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) -.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(61)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7588,167 +7602,167 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 492 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 (The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 552 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 576 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 588 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) -.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q +F1144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 624 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q F1144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 720 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(62)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 720 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(62)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 96 S 1.965(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.465 E/F2 9 +(va)184 96 S 1.964(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.464 E/F2 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 108 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F3 10 +6.464 F(match the w)184 108 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F3 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF144 120 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 -E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) -2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 +E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e) +2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455 (is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 144 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 156 Q F4(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 168 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F4(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 184.8 R .467 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 184.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F32.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F32.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F32.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F32.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F3(compopt)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(+o)-2.5 E F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 237.6 R F4(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F4(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 261.6 Q F4(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F4(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F32.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F34.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F34.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 321.6 Q F33.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.038 F(The)144 321.6 Q F33.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868 +F .867(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F3(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .431(The return v)144 369.6 R +E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .432(The return v)144 369.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F (tions for a)144 381.6 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F3(continue)108 398.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .85 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F3(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F3(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F3 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F4(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F4(n)3.064 E F0 .204 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 +(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F4(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F5 10 +/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F4(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 (the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 434.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar) +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar) 108 463.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E F3(typeset)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.264 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F4(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 F F33.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F4(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 G(hen)-5.96 E F33.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 511.2 Q F4 -(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F32.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F32.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F32.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 523.2 Q -F4(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38 +2.775 E F32.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F32.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 523.2 Q +F4(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F32.88 E F0(,)A F3 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 -547.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F33.606 E F0 1.106 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -559.2 R(The)5.299 E F32.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ - of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F3(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F3(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +547.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F33.606 E F0 1.107 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 +559.2 R(The)5.3 E F32.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ +function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 +571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F3(extdeb)4.04 E +(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F3(shopt)4.04 E +F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 (name and line number where each)144 583.2 R F4(name)3.148 E F0 .648 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F33.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F3144 595.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F33.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 +F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F3144 595.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) +-5.836 E F33.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F3(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 607.2 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 +(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F3(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 607.2 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F33.319 E -F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S .694 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) --.15 F F4(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F33.318 E +F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S .693 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) +-.15 F F4(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F (ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 631.2 R F4(name)3.32 E F0 .82 (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.38(initially unset.)144 643.2 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 +.379(initially unset.)144 643.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 (ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 655.2 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F3144 667.2 Q F0(Each)180 667.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) @@ -7757,139 +7771,139 @@ F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F3144 679.2 Q F0(Each)180 679.2 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F3(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve) -.15 G(\).).15 E F3144 691.2 Q F0(Use function names only)180 -691.2 Q(.)-.65 E F3144 703.2 Q F0 .557(The v)180 703.2 R .558 +691.2 Q(.)-.65 E F3144 703.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 703.2 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F1 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F1 .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) -1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 715.2 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5 (\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(63)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(63)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 84 R .909 +SF144 84 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 84 R .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) -.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 96 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q 1.619 -.15 -(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 -E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q 1.62 -.15 +(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E +F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 (That other v)180 120 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 132 Q .781 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F13.282 E F0(attrib) -3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 144 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 132 Q .782 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F13.281 E F0(attrib) +3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 144 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 156 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F0 -(Mak)180 168 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E +(Mak)180 168 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F -1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 -180 Q F1144 192 Q F0(Gi)180 192 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E -F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +180 Q F1144 192 Q F0(Gi)180 192 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E +F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 +E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB) +2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 204 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 216 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +Q F0 .91(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 240 Q -F0(Mark)180 240 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 +(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R(lo) +2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 +240 Q F0(Mark)180 240 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 256.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 268.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 +.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 268.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 280.8 Q F1 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 280.8 Q F1 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 292.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 304.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 -(hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 304.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 +(hen using)-5.217 F F12.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 316.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 328.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 328.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 340.8 R .548 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 352.8 R 1.749 +/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) +-2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 340.8 R .549 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F +1.748(array v)144 352.8 R 1.748 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 364.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F +F2(names)144 364.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 376.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 376.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 388.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 405.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 417.6 S .328 +C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 417.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 429.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 441.6 Q -F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 (The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 453.6 S (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 465.6 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 465.6 Q -F1144 477.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 477.6 R .881 +F1144 477.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 477.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 501.6 Q F1 -144 513.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 513.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 525.6 Q F1(+)144 537.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 537.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 513.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 513.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 525.6 Q F1(+)144 537.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 537.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 549.6 Q F1144 561.6 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 561.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 573.6 Q .258(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 573.6 Q .257(The return v)144 590.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 602.4 Q F1(diso)108 619.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .121 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S .122 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 643.2 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 655.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 655.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 667.2 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 679.2 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 679.2 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (64)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7898,25 +7912,25 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(echo)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 -96 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 +96 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424 (wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924(wline. The)-.25 F .424 -(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307(error occurs.)144 108 R -(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne) -2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1 -2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F -(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 120 R .198 +(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308(error occurs.)144 108 R +(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne) +2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .307(If the)5.308 F F1 +2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F +(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 120 R .198 (wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.198 E F1 -2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 (terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 144 Q F0 .602 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 -F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 156 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 144 Q F0 .601 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 +F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 +(escape characters by def)144 156 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 (does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) -.2 E(prets the follo)144 168 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 180 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 180 Q F1(\\b)144 192 Q F0(backspace)180 192 Q F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)180 204 Q F1(\\e)144 216 Q @@ -7931,156 +7945,156 @@ Q F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)180 204 Q F1(\\e)144 216 Q (the eight-bit character whose v)180 324 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 336 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 384 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) -2.5 E F1(enable)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 (the same name as a shell b)144 436.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 (the shell normally searches for b)144 448.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 (abled; otherwise,)144 460.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) 144 472.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E -F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S +F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) 144 496.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 -(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 -(delete a b)144 520.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) --.25 F F13.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 +(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 +(delete a b)144 520.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F13.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.546(n, or if the).15 F F13.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 +.547(n, or if the).15 F F13.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 (supplied, a list of shell b)144 532.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 (guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 544.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 +(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 (list printed includes all b)144 556.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 +(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 (plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 568.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 (is not a shell b)144 580.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 -(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 +(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 604.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G (uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 621.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 +E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 686.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 698.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 686.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 698.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 (ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 710.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 722.4 Q F0 .639 -(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 722.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16) +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) .15 E(65)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.077(zeroth ar) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.078(zeroth ar) 144 84 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 (cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077 -(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .877 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576 +(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .876 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576(xits, unless the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577 (In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 108 R (interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82 (ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 -F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 -120 R F2(exec)2.788 E F0 -.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F1(command) -2.988 E F0 .288(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287 -(edirections tak)-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287 +F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 +120 R F2(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F1(command) +2.987 E F0 .287(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288 +(edirections tak)-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288 (ect in the current shell,).25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 132 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 201.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 201.6 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.626 E F2 -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.627 E F2 +2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 +5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 (n, or if the).15 F F2144 225.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F22.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.446 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F22.548 E F0 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F1(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 249.6 S .742(lue of the v) -.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F22.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F1(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 249.6 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F22.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F1(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 314.4 R F1<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F1(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F1(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F1(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 338.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 +144 338.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 (is used as an of)144 350.4 R .071 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) 5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071 @@ -8091,10 +8105,10 @@ E F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.093(ing \(so that)144 386.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) -2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 398.4 Q +.092(ing \(so that)144 386.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) +2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F1<8c72> +4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F1<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 398.4 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 422.4 Q F22.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E @@ -8102,92 +8116,91 @@ F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 434.4 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 458.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 470.4 R .005 +F(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 458.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 470.4 R .006 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 482.4 Q .789(In the second form,)144 506.4 R F1 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 482.4 Q .788(In the second form,)144 506.4 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 518.4 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72> -2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 530.4 Q F4 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 518.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 530.4 Q F4 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F (mand.)144 542.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 566.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 578.4 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 578.4 R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 614.4 Q +602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 614.4 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 643.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +144 643.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 655.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 655.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 667.2 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 679.2 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F2(getopts)108 696 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.) -.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 708 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 720 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(mber 16).15 E(66)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 720 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(66)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ar)144 84 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 96 R .636 (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636 -(xt op-)-.15 F .03(tion in the shell v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.89 E F0 2.53(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2 -(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde) --.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G .029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar) --.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065(ment to be processed into the v)144 120 R -(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.565 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When).1 -F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)3.385 -E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566(the v)144 -144 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .566 -(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 156 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 -(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 168 Q -2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 192 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635 +(xt op-)-.15 F .029(tion in the shell v)144 108 R(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.889 E F0 2.529(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E +F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e)2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde) +-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F +(gu-)-.18 E .066(ment to be processed into the v)144 120 R(ariable)-.25 +E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.566 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3 +(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a) +2.315 F .885(shell script is in)144 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385 +(d. When).1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(getopts)3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F +.567(the v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 +(between multiple calls to)144 156 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 +(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F +2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 168 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 192 R F1(getopts)4.543 +E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 204 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 @@ -8198,32 +8211,32 @@ E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 (parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 (porting is used.)144 276 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 288 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 288 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F (will be displayed, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 324 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 336 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 324 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 336 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 (getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 348 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 372 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144.36 384 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1 -(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 396 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 420 Q F0 .902 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +348 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 372 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144.36 384 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.714 E(ARG) +-.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F +(If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 +F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 396 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and) +2.68 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) +2.25 E F1(getopts)144 420 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 432 Q F1(hash)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 @@ -8232,23 +8245,23 @@ G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 472.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 484.8 -R F12.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 484.8 +R F12.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 (of the command.)144 496.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 508.8 R .293 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) -C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 -(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 508.8 R .294 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) +C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F12.793 E F0 .293 +(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 520.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 532.8 R F12.675 E F0 -2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 532.8 R F12.676 E F0 +2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F2(name)2.676 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 +2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 (be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 544.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 @@ -8256,12 +8269,12 @@ C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F12.794 E F0 .294 .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 568.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F1(help)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 597.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -609.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 +609.6 R F2(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 621.6 Q F1 144 633.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 633.6 Q F2 (pattern)2.5 E F1144 645.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -8270,8 +8283,8 @@ G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 657.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 674.4 Q F2 (pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 691.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 703.2 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(67)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(history \255c)108 703.2 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(67)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8285,13 +8298,13 @@ F1(history \255d)108 96 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 144 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 180 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -8302,13 +8315,13 @@ F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 216 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 216 Q F1 -144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 (Delete the history entry at position)180 240 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G -2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599 -(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 +G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 264 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 @@ -8318,47 +8331,47 @@ F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 300 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 312 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1144 312 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 312 +R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 324 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 336 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 336 R .773 + into the current history list.)180 336 R .772 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 348 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E (sion.)180 360 Q F1144 372 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 372 Q F1 144 384 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 396 Q F0 .625 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 396 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 396 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 408 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 432 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 432 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .832 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .833 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 520.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) --.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 -(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 520.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 +(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 (gument to)-.18 F F1144 532.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) 108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) 2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 561.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E @@ -8366,25 +8379,25 @@ F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 585.6 Q F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1 +144 597.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1 144 621.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 621.6 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 633.6 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 633.6 Q F1144 645.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 691.2 R F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 691.2 R F1 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 703.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E +E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E (68)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -8400,60 +8413,60 @@ SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) (Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2 (signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is) -2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 -.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 +2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 144 R -F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 144 R +F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 -R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -168 R F13.3 E F0 .8 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 168 R F13.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) --2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 -(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)3.67 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 321.6 R .881 -(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 -E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 321.6 R .88 +(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E +F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 (that were in place before the function.)144 333.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 345.6 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 345.6 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F (unless)144 357.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 @@ -8469,17 +8482,17 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 427.2 -R F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 427.2 +R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 451.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 451.2 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 (wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 @@ -8498,39 +8511,39 @@ E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 547.2 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F12.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G +2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 662.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 -(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 -(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 686.4 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 -(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 +(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 +(directory listed by)144 686.4 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 +(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) -3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 698.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 710.4 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 710.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(69)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(69)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8540,54 +8553,54 @@ BP SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 96 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 E -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F3 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 108 Q F1144 120 Q -F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n) -3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 132 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 -(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 +(from the stack.)180 96 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)-3.429 +E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F3 .78 +(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 108 Q F1144 120 Q F2 +(n)A F0(Remo)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 +E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F +2.5(zero. F)180 132 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -148.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.696 G .196 +148.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.697 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 -(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 -E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 172.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 189.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 +(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 +E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 172.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 189.6 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 201.6 Q -(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.555(If the)144 -218.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 -F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) +-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 201.6 Q +(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144 +218.4 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 +F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F (stack, and the return status is 0.)144 230.4 Q F1(printf)108 247.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) -A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.858 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 -E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F12.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 +A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.857 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 (tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 271.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 + which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ +ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .036 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .037 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 343.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 355.2 Q +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 355.2 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 367.2 Q F0(causes)180 367.2 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 379.2 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 379.2 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 391.2 Q F0(causes)180 391.2 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F @@ -8595,56 +8608,56 @@ F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G (upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 (before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 427.2 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0 -(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 451.2 R F2 +(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 451.2 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 463.2 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 475.2 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 487.2 R -.15 +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 487.2 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 499.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901 +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 499.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 (The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G .901 -(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .902 -(guments from the format)-.18 F .358(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 528 R 2.858(yb)-.15 G .357 -(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.858 F .357 +(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 +(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) +144 528 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 +(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 (xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E (which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 540 Q(Ar) -144 556.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ -as C constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 +144 556.8 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \ +as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 (minus sign is allo)144 568.8 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 580.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 597.6 Q F2(format)2.514 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) -2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -609.6 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 580.8 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 597.6 Q F2(format)2.515 E +F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) +2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +609.6 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) +.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 621.6 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) 108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 662.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 674.4 R .089 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 662.4 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 674.4 R .088 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F (the directory stack.)144 686.4 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 698.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ g or adding directories to the)180 698.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(70)185.545 E 0 +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(70)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -8652,122 +8665,122 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.268 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) +SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.267 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) -2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 108 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 132 Q F0(Adds)180 132 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 148.8 R F12.935 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 -.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 148.8 R F12.934 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 +.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F (change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 160.8 Q(If the)5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 177.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.277 -(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 -(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1 -(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.278 +(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 +(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1 +(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 259.2 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 271.2 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 295.2 R -.25(va) -.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 307.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(timeout) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q +324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout) +3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \ or from the \214le descriptor)144 348 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1 -2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo) +(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1 +2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435(ords as described abo) -.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435 -(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.235 E +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .436 +(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F -F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376 -(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 +F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375 +(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 (than names, the remaining w)144 384 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F -.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0 -5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 396 R .874(wer w)-.25 F +.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E F0 +5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 396 R .875(wer w)-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\ -e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 408 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518 -(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 420 R +e assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 408 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F .517 +(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 420 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 (be used to remo)144 432 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E (tions, if supplied, ha)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w) 180 468 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026 -(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 +-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025 +(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 492 Q -F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.781 -E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F -2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 516 Q F0 -(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.78 E +F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 516 Q F0(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 528 Q F0 .372 +144 528 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 528 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 540 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def) 5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F (viously)-.25 E(acti)180 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G (diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 564 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 576 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 588 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 (aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 612 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 144 624 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 636 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 648 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 +G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 660 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 672 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .669 +F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 672 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 696 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 16).15 E(71)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 22).15 E(71)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8775,244 +8788,247 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error) -3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error) +3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 (wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) --.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 +144 120 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 132 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) +-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 156 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -216 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 228 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +216 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 228 R .59 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 252 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) --.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) -.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -264 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 -(If no)144 292.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F +1.224(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 +F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225 +(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E +(ceeded.)180 276 Q F1144 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 304.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F .522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 -304.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +316.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 (re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -316.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 -(signing to a readonly v)144 328.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +328.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +(signing to a readonly v)144 340.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1144 340.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 -357.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1144 352.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 -(quent assignment.)144 381.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 +(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 393.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 405.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 417.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 429.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 441.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -453.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +465.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 465.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 477.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 494.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 506.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 530.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 542.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +144 554.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 566.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 578.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 (is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 602.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 614.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 626.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 638.4 Q F1 -(set)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 +(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -679.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 +691.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 (alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 691.2 R 2.613 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 703.2 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 715.2 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 715.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 -(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G --.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 -(tion processing are treated as v)144 727.2 R .161 -(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(72)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +F 1.843(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 727.2 R 4.343(ys)-.15 G +1.843(et or unset shell attrib)-4.343 F 4.343(utes. An)-.2 F 4.343(ya) +-.15 G -.18(rg)-4.343 G 1.843(uments remaining after).18 F(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(72)185.545 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF($2)144 84 Q F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 96 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 96 R 1.377 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .505 +(option processing are treated as v)144 84 R .505 +(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F +3.004(,t)-.4 G(o)-3.004 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)144 96 Q F0(,)A F1 +($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 5(.O) +C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 108 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 108 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 120 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 120 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 132 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 132 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 132 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .087 -(Exit immediately if a)184 144 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 156 Q F0 .087 +(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 156 Q F2 +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 168 Q F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) .15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 168 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 180 Q +(The shell does not e)184 180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 192 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 204 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 216 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 216 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) +-.25(va)184 228 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) .15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 228 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 240 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 252 R 2.677 (xit. 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This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 252 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 264 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 264 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 276 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 276 Q -.999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 294 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 288 Q +.999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 306 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F13.498 E F0 .998 -(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 306 R -.15 +(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 318 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F -.503(will be af)184 318 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F13.002 E F0 +.503(will be af)184 330 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F13.002 E F0 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1 3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502 -(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 330 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 342 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683 (ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F14.184 E F0 1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 342 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 +-.15 E(where)184 354 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 354 Q F1 -144 366 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 366 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 378 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 378 +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 366 Q F1 +144 378 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 378 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +144 390 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 390 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.488(cution. 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All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 450 R .679 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 462 R .679 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 462 S(it status.).15 E F1144 474 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 474 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 474 S(it status.).15 E F1144 486 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 486 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 (cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 486 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 498 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E -F0(The)184 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 -E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 534 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 546 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 570 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 570 R 2.589 +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 498 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F12.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 582 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 582 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 582 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 594 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 594 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 606 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 606 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 618 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 690 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 690 R 3.087(,a) +184 618 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 666 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 702 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 702 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1) -72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(73)185.545 E 0 +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2) +72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(73)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -9081,36 +9097,38 @@ F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1144 558 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 -(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 -(xpansion. 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-.37(re)108 +355.2 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 372 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 +384 Q F0(The)144 396 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4 +(/etc/pr)109.666 408 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 420 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 432 Q(o\214le)-.45 E +F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 456 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 468 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 480 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 492 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.bash_history) +109.666 504 Q F0(The def)144 516 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G(he command history)-2.5 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 528 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 540 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E +F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 556.8 S(THORS).548 E F0 +(Brian F)108 568.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E +(bfox@gnu.or)108 580.8 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 597.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) -.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 559.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 -576 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567(If you \214nd a b) -108 588 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 609.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 +626.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +(If you \214nd a b)108 638.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F2(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 600 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F -F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 -(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 612 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E -F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 650.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F2(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 662.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 +E F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E (g/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master)-.37 E(.tar)-1.11 E(.gz)-1.11 E F0 -(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 628.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 -(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F -.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 640.8 R .895 -.15 -(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F -.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 652.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 -(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 669.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 686.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 698.4 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(85)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 679.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 +(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 +(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 691.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) +-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F +(be mailed to)108 703.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 720 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E +(85)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 86 86 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(The compiler used to compile)108 84 Q 2.5(Ad)108 96 S -(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 108 S -(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15 -E(ug)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 124.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The v)108 84 Q +(ersion number of)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw) +108 96 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 +108 Q 2.5(Ad)108 120 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour) +-.2 E 2.5(As)108 132 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 +148.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -141.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) -.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 158.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 -170.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 187.2 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F3 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 -(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 -(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 199.2 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 216 Q -(Shell b)108 232.8 Q +165.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 182.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 +194.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 +(There are some subtle dif)108 211.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F +F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 223.2 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 240 Q(Shell b)108 256.8 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 249.6 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 261.6 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 273.6 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 285.6 Q(Array v)108 302.4 -Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 319.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(86)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +re not handled gracefully when)108 273.6 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 285.6 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 297.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ +place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) +-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 309.6 Q(Array v)108 +326.4 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 343.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(86)185.545 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 585b63174..e562eeb47 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -225,19 +225,19 @@ @xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{105} @xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-title}{Shell Compatibility Mode} @xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.12} -@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-pg}{108} +@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-pg}{109} @xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control} @xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics} @xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1} -@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{111} -@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{111} +@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{112} +@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{112} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins} @xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2} -@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{112} +@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{113} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables} @xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3} -@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{114} +@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{115} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing} @xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8} @xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing} @@ -246,145 +246,145 @@ @xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials} @xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1} -@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{115} -@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{115} -@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{115} +@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{116} +@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{116} +@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{116} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands} @xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands} @xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3} -@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{116} -@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{116} +@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{117} +@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{117} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments} @xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4} @xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History} @xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5} -@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{117} -@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{117} -@xrdef{Searching-pg}{117} +@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Searching-pg}{118} @xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File} @xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax} @xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1} -@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{118} -@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{118} +@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{119} +@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{119} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs} @xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2} -@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{126} +@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{127} @xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File} @xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3} -@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{128} +@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{129} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands} @xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving} @xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1} -@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{131} -@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{131} +@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{132} +@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{132} @xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History} @xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2} -@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{132} +@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{133} @xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text} @xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3} -@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{134} +@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{135} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking} @xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4} -@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{135} +@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{136} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments} @xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5} -@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{136} +@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{137} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You} @xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6} -@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{137} +@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{138} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros} @xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7} -@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{138} +@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{139} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands} @xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8} -@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{139} +@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{140} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode} @xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion} @xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6} -@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{141} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{141} +@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{142} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{142} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins} @xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7} -@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{144} +@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{145} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example} @xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8} -@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{148} +@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{149} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively} @xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities} @xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins} @xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2} -@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{150} -@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{150} -@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{150} +@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{151} +@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{151} +@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{151} @xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion} @xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3} -@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{152} +@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{153} @xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators} @xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1} -@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{153} +@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{154} @xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators} @xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2} @xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers} @xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3} -@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{154} -@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{154} +@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{155} +@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{155} @xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash} @xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10} @xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation} @xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1} -@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{156} -@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{156} +@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{157} +@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{157} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options} @xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures} @xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3} @xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names} @xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4} -@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{157} -@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{157} +@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{158} +@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{158} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type} @xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults} @xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6} @xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls} @xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7} -@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{158} -@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{158} -@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{158} +@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{159} +@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{159} +@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{159} @xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features} @xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8} -@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{159} -@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{159} +@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{160} +@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{160} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs} @xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}} -@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{164} +@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{165} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{165} +@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{166} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{171} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{172} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} @xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1} -@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{179} -@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{179} +@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{180} +@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{180} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words} @xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2} @xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index} @xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3} -@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{180} -@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{181} +@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{181} +@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{182} @xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index} @xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4} -@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{183} +@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{184} @xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index} @xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5} -@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{185} +@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{186} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 64284dee7..00b721b9e 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ \entry{dirs}{101}{\code {dirs}} \entry{popd}{102}{\code {popd}} \entry{pushd}{102}{\code {pushd}} -\entry{bg}{112}{\code {bg}} -\entry{fg}{112}{\code {fg}} -\entry{jobs}{112}{\code {jobs}} -\entry{kill}{113}{\code {kill}} -\entry{wait}{113}{\code {wait}} -\entry{disown}{114}{\code {disown}} -\entry{suspend}{114}{\code {suspend}} -\entry{compgen}{144}{\code {compgen}} -\entry{complete}{144}{\code {complete}} -\entry{compopt}{147}{\code {compopt}} -\entry{fc}{151}{\code {fc}} -\entry{history}{151}{\code {history}} +\entry{bg}{113}{\code {bg}} +\entry{fg}{113}{\code {fg}} +\entry{jobs}{113}{\code {jobs}} +\entry{kill}{114}{\code {kill}} +\entry{wait}{114}{\code {wait}} +\entry{disown}{115}{\code {disown}} +\entry{suspend}{115}{\code {suspend}} +\entry{compgen}{145}{\code {compgen}} +\entry{complete}{145}{\code {complete}} +\entry{compopt}{148}{\code {compopt}} +\entry{fc}{152}{\code {fc}} +\entry{history}{152}{\code {history}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 1ba487d48..8ecc6ed4f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ \initial {A} \entry{\code {alias}}{54} \initial {B} -\entry{\code {bg}}{112} +\entry{\code {bg}}{113} \entry{\code {bind}}{55} \entry{\code {break}}{48} \entry{\code {builtin}}{56} @@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ \entry{\code {caller}}{56} \entry{\code {cd}}{48} \entry{\code {command}}{56} -\entry{\code {compgen}}{144} -\entry{\code {complete}}{144} -\entry{\code {compopt}}{147} +\entry{\code {compgen}}{145} +\entry{\code {complete}}{145} +\entry{\code {compopt}}{148} \entry{\code {continue}}{48} \initial {D} \entry{\code {declare}}{57} \entry{\code {dirs}}{101} -\entry{\code {disown}}{114} +\entry{\code {disown}}{115} \initial {E} \entry{\code {echo}}{58} \entry{\code {enable}}{59} @@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ \entry{\code {exit}}{49} \entry{\code {export}}{49} \initial {F} -\entry{\code {fc}}{151} -\entry{\code {fg}}{112} +\entry{\code {fc}}{152} +\entry{\code {fg}}{113} \initial {G} \entry{\code {getopts}}{49} \initial {H} \entry{\code {hash}}{50} \entry{\code {help}}{60} -\entry{\code {history}}{151} +\entry{\code {history}}{152} \initial {J} -\entry{\code {jobs}}{112} +\entry{\code {jobs}}{113} \initial {K} -\entry{\code {kill}}{113} +\entry{\code {kill}}{114} \initial {L} \entry{\code {let}}{60} \entry{\code {local}}{60} @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ \entry{\code {shift}}{51} \entry{\code {shopt}}{70} \entry{\code {source}}{63} -\entry{\code {suspend}}{114} +\entry{\code {suspend}}{115} \initial {T} \entry{\code {test}}{51} \entry{\code {times}}{53} @@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ \entry{\code {unalias}}{65} \entry{\code {unset}}{54} \initial {W} -\entry{\code {wait}}{113} +\entry{\code {wait}}{114} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index 969b077c5..9b1e73b7a 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -92,32 +92,32 @@ \entry{prompting}{103}{prompting} \entry{restricted shell}{104}{restricted shell} \entry{POSIX Mode}{105}{POSIX Mode} -\entry{Compatibility Level}{108}{Compatibility Level} -\entry{Compatibility Mode}{108}{Compatibility Mode} -\entry{job control}{111}{job control} -\entry{foreground}{111}{foreground} -\entry{background}{111}{background} -\entry{suspending jobs}{111}{suspending jobs} -\entry{Readline, how to use}{114}{Readline, how to use} -\entry{interaction, readline}{115}{interaction, readline} -\entry{notation, readline}{116}{notation, readline} -\entry{command editing}{116}{command editing} -\entry{editing command lines}{116}{editing command lines} -\entry{killing text}{117}{killing text} -\entry{yanking text}{117}{yanking text} -\entry{kill ring}{117}{kill ring} -\entry{initialization file, readline}{118}{initialization file, readline} -\entry{variables, readline}{119}{variables, readline} -\entry{programmable completion}{141}{programmable completion} -\entry{completion builtins}{144}{completion builtins} -\entry{History, how to use}{149}{History, how to use} -\entry{command history}{150}{command history} -\entry{history list}{150}{history list} -\entry{history builtins}{150}{history builtins} -\entry{history expansion}{152}{history expansion} -\entry{event designators}{153}{event designators} -\entry{history events}{153}{history events} -\entry{installation}{156}{installation} -\entry{configuration}{156}{configuration} -\entry{Bash installation}{156}{Bash installation} -\entry{Bash configuration}{156}{Bash configuration} +\entry{Compatibility Level}{109}{Compatibility Level} +\entry{Compatibility Mode}{109}{Compatibility Mode} +\entry{job control}{112}{job control} +\entry{foreground}{112}{foreground} +\entry{background}{112}{background} +\entry{suspending jobs}{112}{suspending jobs} +\entry{Readline, how to use}{115}{Readline, how to use} +\entry{interaction, readline}{116}{interaction, readline} +\entry{notation, readline}{117}{notation, readline} +\entry{command editing}{117}{command editing} +\entry{editing command lines}{117}{editing command lines} +\entry{killing text}{118}{killing text} +\entry{yanking text}{118}{yanking text} +\entry{kill ring}{118}{kill ring} +\entry{initialization file, readline}{119}{initialization file, readline} +\entry{variables, readline}{120}{variables, readline} +\entry{programmable completion}{142}{programmable completion} +\entry{completion builtins}{145}{completion builtins} +\entry{History, how to use}{150}{History, how to use} +\entry{command history}{151}{command history} +\entry{history list}{151}{history list} +\entry{history builtins}{151}{history builtins} +\entry{history expansion}{153}{history expansion} +\entry{event designators}{154}{event designators} +\entry{history events}{154}{history events} +\entry{installation}{157}{installation} +\entry{configuration}{157}{configuration} +\entry{Bash installation}{157}{Bash installation} +\entry{Bash configuration}{157}{Bash configuration} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 50948572e..aaefc36b6 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ \entry{arithmetic, shell}{97} \entry{arrays}{99} \initial {B} -\entry{background}{111} -\entry{Bash configuration}{156} -\entry{Bash installation}{156} +\entry{background}{112} +\entry{Bash configuration}{157} +\entry{Bash installation}{157} \entry{Bourne shell}{5} \entry{brace expansion}{24} \entry{builtin}{3} \initial {C} -\entry{command editing}{116} +\entry{command editing}{117} \entry{command execution}{42} \entry{command expansion}{41} -\entry{command history}{150} +\entry{command history}{151} \entry{command search}{42} \entry{command substitution}{33} \entry{command timing}{10} @@ -28,19 +28,19 @@ \entry{commands, shell}{9} \entry{commands, simple}{9} \entry{comments, shell}{9} -\entry{Compatibility Level}{108} -\entry{Compatibility Mode}{108} -\entry{completion builtins}{144} -\entry{configuration}{156} +\entry{Compatibility Level}{109} +\entry{Compatibility Mode}{109} +\entry{completion builtins}{145} +\entry{configuration}{157} \entry{control operator}{3} \entry{coprocess}{18} \initial {D} \entry{directory stack}{101} \initial {E} -\entry{editing command lines}{116} +\entry{editing command lines}{117} \entry{environment}{43} \entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{97} -\entry{event designators}{153} +\entry{event designators}{154} \entry{execution environment}{42} \entry{exit status}{3, 44} \entry{expansion}{24} @@ -56,28 +56,28 @@ \entry{field}{3} \entry{filename}{3} \entry{filename expansion}{35} -\entry{foreground}{111} +\entry{foreground}{112} \entry{functions, shell}{19} \initial {H} -\entry{history builtins}{150} -\entry{history events}{153} -\entry{history expansion}{152} -\entry{history list}{150} -\entry{History, how to use}{149} +\entry{history builtins}{151} +\entry{history events}{154} +\entry{history expansion}{153} +\entry{history list}{151} +\entry{History, how to use}{150} \initial {I} \entry{identifier}{3} -\entry{initialization file, readline}{118} -\entry{installation}{156} -\entry{interaction, readline}{115} +\entry{initialization file, readline}{119} +\entry{installation}{157} +\entry{interaction, readline}{116} \entry{interactive shell}{92, 93} \entry{internationalization}{7} \entry{internationalized scripts}{7} \initial {J} \entry{job}{3} -\entry{job control}{3, 111} +\entry{job control}{3, 112} \initial {K} -\entry{kill ring}{117} -\entry{killing text}{117} +\entry{kill ring}{118} +\entry{killing text}{118} \initial {L} \entry{localization}{7} \entry{login shell}{92} @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ \initial {N} \entry{name}{3} \entry{native languages}{7} -\entry{notation, readline}{116} +\entry{notation, readline}{117} \initial {O} \entry{operator, shell}{3} \initial {P} @@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ \entry{process group}{3} \entry{process group ID}{3} \entry{process substitution}{34} -\entry{programmable completion}{141} +\entry{programmable completion}{142} \entry{prompting}{103} \initial {Q} \entry{quoting}{6} \entry{quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} -\entry{Readline, how to use}{114} +\entry{Readline, how to use}{115} \entry{redirection}{37} \entry{reserved word}{3} \entry{reserved words}{9} @@ -126,16 +126,16 @@ \entry{special builtin}{4, 76} \entry{startup files}{92} \entry{string translations}{7} -\entry{suspending jobs}{111} +\entry{suspending jobs}{112} \initial {T} \entry{tilde expansion}{25} \entry{token}{4} \entry{translation, native languages}{7} \initial {V} \entry{variable, shell}{21} -\entry{variables, readline}{119} +\entry{variables, readline}{120} \initial {W} \entry{word}{4} \entry{word splitting}{34} \initial {Y} -\entry{yanking text}{117} +\entry{yanking text}{118} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index f18b770ed..90deb6b8d 100644 Binary files a/doc/bashref.dvi and b/doc/bashref.dvi differ diff --git a/doc/bashref.fn b/doc/bashref.fn index f461041b6..6181807d1 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fn +++ b/doc/bashref.fn @@ -1,114 +1,114 @@ -\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{131}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} -\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{131}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} -\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{131}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} -\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{131}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} -\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{131}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} -\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{131}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} -\entry{shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}{131}{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}} -\entry{shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}{131}{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}} -\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{131}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}} -\entry{next-screen-line ()}{132}{\code {next-screen-line ()}} -\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{132}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}} -\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{132}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} -\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{132}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} -\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{132}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} -\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{132}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} -\entry{next-history (C-n)}{132}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} -\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{132}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} -\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{132}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} -\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{132}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} -\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{132}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} -\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{132}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} -\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{133}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} -\entry{history-search-forward ()}{133}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-search-backward ()}{133}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} -\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{133}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}} -\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{133}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}} -\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{133}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} -\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{133}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{133}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} -\entry{fetch-history ()}{134}{\code {fetch-history ()}} -\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{134}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} -\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{134}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} -\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{134}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} -\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{134}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} -\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{134}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} -\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{134}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} -\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{134}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} -\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{134}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} -\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{135}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} -\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{135}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} -\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{135}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} -\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{135}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} -\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{135}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} -\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{135}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} -\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{135}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} -\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{135}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} -\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{135}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} -\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{135}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} -\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{135}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} -\entry{shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}{136}{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}} -\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{136}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} -\entry{shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}{136}{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}} -\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{136}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} -\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{136}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} -\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{136}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} -\entry{kill-region ()}{136}{\code {kill-region ()}} -\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{136}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} -\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{136}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} -\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{136}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} -\entry{yank (C-y)}{136}{\code {yank (C-y)}} -\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{136}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} -\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{136}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} -\entry{universal-argument ()}{137}{\code {universal-argument ()}} -\entry{complete (TAB)}{137}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} -\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{137}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} -\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{137}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} -\entry{menu-complete ()}{137}{\code {menu-complete ()}} -\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{137}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} -\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{137}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} -\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{137}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} -\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{138}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} -\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{138}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} -\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{138}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} -\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{138}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} -\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{138}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} -\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{138}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} -\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{138}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} -\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{138}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} -\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{138}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} -\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{138}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} -\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{138}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} -\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{138}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} -\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{138}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} -\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{138}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} -\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{139}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} -\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{139}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} -\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{139}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} -\entry{abort (C-g)}{139}{\code {abort (C-g)}} -\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{139}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} -\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{139}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} -\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{139}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} -\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{139}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} -\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{139}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} -\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{139}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} -\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{139}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} -\entry{character-search (C-])}{139}{\code {character-search (C-])}} -\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{139}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} -\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{139}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} -\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{140}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} -\entry{dump-functions ()}{140}{\code {dump-functions ()}} -\entry{dump-variables ()}{140}{\code {dump-variables ()}} -\entry{dump-macros ()}{140}{\code {dump-macros ()}} -\entry{spell-correct-word (C-x s)}{140}{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}} -\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{140}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} -\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{140}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} -\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{140}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} -\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{141}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} -\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{141}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} -\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{141}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} -\entry{magic-space ()}{141}{\code {magic-space ()}} -\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{141}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{141}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} -\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{141}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} -\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{141}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}} +\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{132}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}} +\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{132}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}} +\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{132}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}} +\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{132}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}} +\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{132}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}} +\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{132}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}} +\entry{shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}{132}{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}} +\entry{shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}{132}{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}} +\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{132}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}} +\entry{next-screen-line ()}{133}{\code {next-screen-line ()}} +\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{133}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}} +\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{133}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}} +\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{133}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}} +\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{133}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}} +\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{133}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}} +\entry{next-history (C-n)}{133}{\code {next-history (C-n)}} +\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{133}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}} +\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{133}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}} +\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{133}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}} +\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{133}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}} +\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{133}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}} +\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{134}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}} +\entry{history-search-forward ()}{134}{\code {history-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-search-backward ()}{134}{\code {history-search-backward ()}} +\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{134}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}} +\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{134}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}} +\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{134}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}} +\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{134}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{134}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}} +\entry{fetch-history ()}{135}{\code {fetch-history ()}} +\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{135}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}} +\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{135}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}} +\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{135}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}} +\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{135}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}} +\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{135}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}} +\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{135}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}} +\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{135}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}} +\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{135}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}} +\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{136}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}} +\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{136}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}} +\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{136}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}} +\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{136}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}} +\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{136}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}} +\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{136}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}} +\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{136}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}} +\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{136}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}} +\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{136}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}} +\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{136}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}} +\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{136}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}} +\entry{shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}{137}{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}} +\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{137}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}} +\entry{shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}{137}{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}} +\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{137}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}} +\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{137}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}} +\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{137}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}} +\entry{kill-region ()}{137}{\code {kill-region ()}} +\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{137}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}} +\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{137}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}} +\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{137}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}} +\entry{yank (C-y)}{137}{\code {yank (C-y)}} +\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{137}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}} +\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{137}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}} +\entry{universal-argument ()}{138}{\code {universal-argument ()}} +\entry{complete (TAB)}{138}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}} +\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{138}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}} +\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{138}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}} +\entry{menu-complete ()}{138}{\code {menu-complete ()}} +\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{138}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}} +\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{138}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}} +\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{138}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}} +\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{139}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}} +\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{139}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}} +\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{139}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}} +\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{139}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}} +\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{139}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}} +\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{139}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}} +\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{139}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}} +\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{139}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}} +\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{139}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}} +\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{139}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}} +\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{139}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}} +\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{139}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}} +\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{139}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}} +\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{139}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}} +\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{140}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}} +\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{140}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}} +\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{140}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}} +\entry{abort (C-g)}{140}{\code {abort (C-g)}} +\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{140}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}} +\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{140}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}} +\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{140}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}} +\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{140}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}} +\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{140}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}} +\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{140}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}} +\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{140}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}} +\entry{character-search (C-])}{140}{\code {character-search (C-])}} +\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{140}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}} +\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{140}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}} +\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{141}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}} +\entry{dump-functions ()}{141}{\code {dump-functions ()}} +\entry{dump-variables ()}{141}{\code {dump-variables ()}} +\entry{dump-macros ()}{141}{\code {dump-macros ()}} +\entry{spell-correct-word (C-x s)}{141}{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}} +\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{141}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}} +\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{141}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}} +\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{141}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}} +\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{142}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}} +\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{142}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}} +\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{142}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}} +\entry{magic-space ()}{142}{\code {magic-space ()}} +\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{142}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{142}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}} +\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{142}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}} +\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{142}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.fns b/doc/bashref.fns index e0e708abf..f68e7c366 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.fns +++ b/doc/bashref.fns @@ -1,134 +1,134 @@ \initial {A} -\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{139} -\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{132} -\entry{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{141} +\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{140} +\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{133} +\entry{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{142} \initial {B} -\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{131} -\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{134} -\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{135} -\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{135} -\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{131} -\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{132} -\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{131} -\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{134} +\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{132} +\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{135} +\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{136} +\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{136} +\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{132} +\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{133} +\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{132} +\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{135} \initial {C} -\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{139} -\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{135} -\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{139} -\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{139} -\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{132} -\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{132} -\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{137} -\entry{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{138} -\entry{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{137} -\entry{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{138} -\entry{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{138} -\entry{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{138} -\entry{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{138} -\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{136} +\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{140} +\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{136} +\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{140} +\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{140} +\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{133} +\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{133} +\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{138} +\entry{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{139} +\entry{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{138} +\entry{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{139} +\entry{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{139} +\entry{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{139} +\entry{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{139} +\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{137} \initial {D} -\entry{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{138} -\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{134} -\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{137} -\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{136} -\entry{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{141} -\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{139} -\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{135} -\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{140} -\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{140} -\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{140} -\entry{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{138} +\entry{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{139} +\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{135} +\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{138} +\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{137} +\entry{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{142} +\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{140} +\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{136} +\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{141} +\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{141} +\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{141} +\entry{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{139} \initial {E} -\entry{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{141} -\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{138} -\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{134} -\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{132} -\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{131} -\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{139} +\entry{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{142} +\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{139} +\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{135} +\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{133} +\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{132} +\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{140} \initial {F} -\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{134} -\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{134} -\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{131} -\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{132} -\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{131} +\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{135} +\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{135} +\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{132} +\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{133} +\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{132} \initial {G} -\entry{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{140} -\entry{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{140} -\entry{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{140} +\entry{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{141} +\entry{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{141} +\entry{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{141} \initial {H} -\entry{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{141} -\entry{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{141} -\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{133} -\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{133} -\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{133} -\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{133} +\entry{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{142} +\entry{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{142} +\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{134} +\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{134} +\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{134} +\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{134} \initial {I} -\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{140} -\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{137} -\entry{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{141} +\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{141} +\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{138} +\entry{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{142} \initial {K} -\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{135} -\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{135} -\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{135} +\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{136} +\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{136} +\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{136} \initial {M} -\entry{\code {magic-space ()}}{141} -\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{137} -\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {magic-space ()}}{142} +\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{138} +\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{138} \initial {N} -\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{132} -\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{132} -\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{133} -\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{132} +\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{133} +\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{133} +\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{134} +\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{133} \initial {O} -\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{133} -\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{135} +\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{134} +\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{136} \initial {P} -\entry{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{138} -\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{137} -\entry{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{138} -\entry{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{138} -\entry{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{138} -\entry{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{138} -\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{139} -\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{132} -\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{131} -\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{139} +\entry{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{139} +\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{138} +\entry{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{139} +\entry{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{139} +\entry{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{139} +\entry{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{139} +\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{140} +\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{133} +\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{132} +\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{140} \initial {Q} -\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{134} +\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{135} \initial {R} -\entry{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{139} -\entry{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{132} -\entry{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{132} -\entry{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{139} +\entry{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{140} +\entry{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{133} +\entry{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{133} +\entry{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{140} \initial {S} -\entry{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{134} -\entry{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{139} -\entry{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}{131} -\entry{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{141} -\entry{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}{131} -\entry{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}{136} -\entry{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}{136} -\entry{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{139} -\entry{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}{140} -\entry{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{138} +\entry{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{135} +\entry{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{140} +\entry{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}{132} +\entry{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{142} +\entry{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}{132} +\entry{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}{137} +\entry{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}{137} +\entry{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{140} +\entry{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}{141} +\entry{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{139} \initial {T} -\entry{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{139} -\entry{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{134} -\entry{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{135} +\entry{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{140} +\entry{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{135} +\entry{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{136} \initial {U} -\entry{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{139} -\entry{\code {universal-argument ()}}{137} -\entry{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{136} -\entry{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{135} -\entry{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{136} -\entry{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{135} +\entry{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{140} +\entry{\code {universal-argument ()}}{138} +\entry{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{137} +\entry{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{136} +\entry{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{137} +\entry{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{136} \initial {Y} -\entry{\code {yank (C-y)}}{136} -\entry{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{133} -\entry{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{133} -\entry{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{136} +\entry{\code {yank (C-y)}}{137} +\entry{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{134} +\entry{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{134} +\entry{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{137} diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index 36e5c607a..251eddac7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@