cache-tree: integrate with sparse directory entries

cache-tree: integrate with sparse directory entries

The cache-tree extension was previously disabled with sparse indexes.
However, the cache-tree is an important performance feature for commands
like 'git status' and 'git add'. Integrate it with sparse directory
entries.

When writing a sparse index, completely clear and recalculate the cache
tree. By starting from scratch, the only integration necessary is to
check if we hit a sparse directory entry and create a leaf of the
cache-tree that has an entry_count of one and no subtrees.

Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>