bpo-41710: PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() clamps the timout (GH-28643)

bpo-41710: PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() clamps the timout (GH-28643)

PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() now clamps the timeout into the
[_PyTime_MIN; _PyTime_MAX] range (_PyTime_t type) if it is too large,
rather than calling Py_FatalError() which aborts the process.

PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() no longer uses
MICROSECONDS_TO_TIMESPEC() to compute sem_timedwait() argument, but
_PyTime_GetSystemClock() and _PyTime_AsTimespec_truncate().

Fix _thread.TIMEOUT_MAX value on Windows: the maximum timeout is
0x7FFFFFFF milliseconds (around 24.9 days), not 0xFFFFFFFF
milliseconds (around 49.7 days).

Set PY_TIMEOUT_MAX to 0x7FFFFFFF milliseconds, rather than 0xFFFFFFFF
milliseconds.

Fix PY_TIMEOUT_MAX overflow test: replace (us >= PY_TIMEOUT_MAX) with
(us > PY_TIMEOUT_MAX).