cf-socket: keep sockaddr local in the socket filters

cf-socket: keep sockaddr local in the socket filters

- copy `struct Curl_addrinfo` on filter setup into context
- remove `struct Curl_addrinfoi *` with `struct Curl_sockaddr_ex *` in
  connectdata that is set and NULLed by the socket filter
- this means we have no reference to the resolver info in connectdata or
  its filters
- trigger the CF_CTRL_CONN_INFO_UPDATE event when the complete filter
  chain reaches connected status
- update easy handle connection information on CF_CTRL_DATA_SETUP event.

Closes #10213