Remove support for null pg_locale_t most places.

Remove support for null pg_locale_t most places.

Previously, passing NULL for pg_locale_t meant "use the libc provider
and the server environment". Now that the database collation is
represented as a proper pg_locale_t (not dependent on setlocale()),
remove special cases for NULL.

Leave wchar2char() and char2wchar() unchanged for now, because the
callers don't always have a libc-based pg_locale_t available.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cfd9eb85-c52a-4ec9-a90e-a5e4de56e57d@eisentraut.org
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut, Andreas Karlsson