From 4526d2183fb02c4ea8ede55e59c493b0aaea0085 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bruce Momjian Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 03:34:29 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Brand 7.2.3. --- configure | 2 +- configure.in | 2 +- doc/FAQ | 144 +++++++++++++++------- doc/bug.template | 2 +- doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html | 174 +++++++++++++++++++-------- doc/src/sgml/version.sgml | 2 +- src/include/pg_config.h.win32 | 4 +- src/interfaces/libpq++/libpq++dll.rc | 8 +- src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc | 8 +- 9 files changed, 235 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-) diff --git a/configure b/configure index baad8c5614b..1990ef4a841 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ ac_config_sub=$ac_aux_dir/config.sub ac_configure=$ac_aux_dir/configure # This should be Cygnus configure. -VERSION='7.2.2' +VERSION='7.2.3' cat >> confdefs.h <

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL

-

Last updated: Mon Mar 18 14:34:57 EST 2002

+

Last updated: Mon Sep 30 23:28:35 EDT 2002

Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ clients" when trying to connect?
3.9) What are the pg_sorttempNNN.NN files in my database directory?
+ 3.10) Why do I need to do a dump and restore + to upgrade PostgreSQL releases?

Operational Questions

@@ -96,8 +98,8 @@ table, and a database?
4.6) How much database disk space is required to store data from a typical text file?
- 4.7) How do I find out what tables or indexes - are defined in the database?
+ 4.7) How do I find out what tables, indexes, + databases, and users are defined?
4.8) My queries are slow or don't make use of the indexes. Why?
4.9) How do I see how the query optimizer is @@ -137,6 +139,10 @@ 4.23) How do I perform an outer join?
4.24) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?
+ 4.25) How do I return multiple rows or columns + from a function?
+ 4.26) Why can't I reliably create/drop + temporary tables in PL/PgSQL functions?

Extending PostgreSQL

@@ -276,6 +282,7 @@ subscribe end + Digests are sent out to members of this list whenever the main list has received around 30k of messages. @@ -287,6 +294,7 @@ subscribe end + There is also a developers discussion mailing list available. To subscribe to this list, send email to pgsql-hackers-request@PostgreSQL.org @@ -312,7 +320,7 @@

1.7) What is the latest release?

-

The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 7.2.1.

+

The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 7.2.3.

We plan to have major releases every four months.

@@ -421,32 +429,18 @@
Performance
-
PostgreSQL runs in two modes. Normal fsync mode - flushes every completed transaction to disk, guaranteeing that if - the OS crashes or loses power in the next few seconds, all your - data is safely stored on disk. In this mode, we are slower than - most commercial databases, partly because few of them do such - conservative flushing to disk in their default modes. In - no-fsync mode, we are usually faster than commercial - databases, though in this mode, an OS crash could cause data - corruption. We are working to provide an intermediate mode that - suffers less performance overhead than full fsync mode, and will - allow data integrity within 30 seconds of an OS crash.
-
- In comparison to MySQL or leaner database systems, we are slower - on inserts/updates because we have transaction overhead. Of +
PostgreSQL has performance similar to other commercial and + open source databases. it is faster for some things, slower for + others. In comparison to MySQL or leaner database systems, we are + slower on inserts/updates because of transaction overhead. Of course, MySQL does not have any of the features mentioned in the - Features section above. We are built for flexibility and - features, though we continue to improve performance through - profiling and source code analysis. There is an interesting Web - page comparing PostgreSQL to MySQL at http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html
+ Features section above. We are built for reliability and + features, though we continue to improve performance in every + release. There is an interesting Web page comparing PostgreSQL to + MySQL at + + http://openacs.org/why-not-mysql.html
-
- We handle each user connection by creating a Unix process. - Backend processes share data buffers and locking information. - With multiple CPUs, multiple backends can easily run on different - CPUs.

@@ -499,7 +493,8 @@ of monthly and one-time expenses that are required to keep it going. If you or your company has money it can donate to help fund this effort, please go to http://www.pgsql.com/pg_goodies + "https://store.pgsql.com/shopping/index.php?id=1"> + https://store.pgsql.com/shopping/index.php?id=1 and make a donation.

Although the web page mentions PostgreSQL, Inc, the @@ -588,6 +583,10 @@

  • Embedded HTML (PHP from http://www.php.net)
    • +

    Additional interfaces are available at + http://www.postgresql.org/interfaces.html. +

    Administrative Questions

    @@ -740,7 +739,8 @@

    You can also compile with profiling to see what functions are taking execution time. The backend profile files will be deposited in the pgsql/data/base/dbname directory. The client profile - file will be put in the client's current directory.

    + file will be put in the client's current directory. Linux requires + a compile with -DLINUX_PROFILE for proper profiling.

    3.8) Why do I get "Sorry, too many clients" when trying to connect?

    @@ -785,6 +785,23 @@ not if a backend crashes during a sort. If you have no backends running at the time, it is safe to delete the pg_tempNNN.NN files.

    + +

    3.10) Why do I need to do a dump and restore + to upgrade between major PostgreSQL releases?

    + +

    The PostgreSQL team makes only small changes between minor releases, + so upgrading from 7.2 to 7.2.1 does not require a dump and restore. + However, major releases often change the internal format of system + tables and data files. These changes are often complex, so we don't + maintain backward compatability for data files. A dump outputs data + in a generic format that can then be loaded in using the new internal + format. + +

    In releases where the on-disk format does not change, the + pg_upgrade script can be used to upgrade without a dump/restore. + The release notes mention whether pg_upgrade is available for the + release. +

    Operational Questions

    @@ -824,11 +841,14 @@

    We do not support ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN, but do this:

    +    BEGIN;
+    LOCK TABLE old_table;
     SELECT ...  -- select all columns but the one you want to remove
     INTO TABLE new_table
     FROM old_table;
     DROP TABLE old_table;
     ALTER TABLE new_table RENAME TO old_table;
+    COMMIT;

    4.5) What is the maximum size for a row, a @@ -836,14 +856,15 @@

    These are the limits:

    -    Maximum size for a database?             unlimited (500 GB databases exist)
+    Maximum size for a database?             unlimited (1 TB databases exist)
     Maximum size for a table?                16 TB
-    Maximum size for a row?                  unlimited in 7.1 and later
-    Maximum size for a field?                1 GB in 7.1 and later
+    Maximum size for a row?                  1.6TB
+    Maximum size for a field?                1 GB
     Maximum number of rows in a table?       unlimited
     Maximum number of columns in a table?    250-1600 depending on column types
     Maximum number of indexes on a table?    unlimited
    + Of course, these are not actually unlimited, but limited to available disk space and memory/swap space. Performance may suffer when these values get unusually large. @@ -890,11 +911,16 @@

    Indexes do not require as much overhead, but do contain the data that is being indexed, so they can be large also.

    -

    4.7) How do I find out what tables or indexes - are defined in the database?

    +

    NULLs are stored in bitmaps, so they + use very little space.

    + +

    4.7) How do I find out what tables, indexes, + databases, and users are defined?

    psql has a variety of backslash commands to show such - information. Use \? to see them.

    + information. Use \? to see them. There are also system tables + beginning with pg_ that describe these too. Also, psql + -l will list all databases.

    Also try the file pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.source. It illustrates many of the SELECTs needed to get @@ -905,7 +931,7 @@ Indexes are not automatically used by every query. Indexes are only used if the table is larger than a minimum size, and the query selects only a small percentage of the rows in the table. This is - because the random disk access caused by an index scan is sometimes + because the random disk access caused by an index scan can be slower than a straight read through the table, or sequential scan.

    To determine if an index should be used, PostgreSQL must have @@ -922,13 +948,35 @@ usually faster than an index scan of a large table.

    However, LIMIT combined with ORDER BY often will use an index because only a small portion of the table - is returned. + is returned. In fact, though MAX() and MIN() don't use indexes, + it is possible to retrieve such values using an index with ORDER BY + and LIMIT: +
    +    SELECT col
+    FROM tab
+    ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
+    LIMIT 1
+

    When using wild-card operators such as LIKE or - ~, indexes can only be used if the beginning of the search - is anchored to the start of the string. Therefore, to use indexes, - LIKE patterns must not start with %, and - ~(regular expression) patterns must start with ^.

    + ~, indexes can only be used in certain circumstances: + +

    4.9) How do I see how the query optimizer is evaluating my query?

    @@ -975,7 +1023,7 @@

    The ~ operator does regular expression matching, and ~* does case-insensitive regular expression matching. The case-insensitive variant of LIKE is called - ILIKE in PostgreSQL 7.1 and later.

    + ILIKE.

    Case-insensitive equality comparisons are normally expressed as:

    @@ -983,13 +1031,12 @@ SELECT * FROM tab WHERE lower(col) = 'abc' - + This will not use an standard index. However, if you create a functional index, it will be used: 
         CREATE INDEX tabindex on tab (lower(col));
-

    4.13) In a query, how do I detect if a field @@ -1039,6 +1086,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) name TEXT ); + is automatically translated into this: 
         CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
@@ -1048,6 +1096,7 @@ BYTEA           bytea           variable-length byte array (null-byte safe)
     );
     CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
    + See the create_sequence manual page for more information about sequences. You can also use each row's OID field as a unique value. However, if you need to dump and reload the database, @@ -1066,6 +1115,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) new_id = output of "SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')" INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal'); + You would then also have the new value stored in new_id for use in other queries (e.g., as a foreign key to the person table). Note that the name of the @@ -1081,6 +1131,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal'); new_id = output of "SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"; + Finally, you could use the OID returned from the INSERT statement to look up the default value, though this is probably the least portable approach. @@ -1180,14 +1231,14 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe)

    4.18) Why do I get the error "ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"?

    -

    If you are running a version older than 7.1, an upgrade may fix - the problem. Also it is possible you have run out of virtual memory - on your system, or your kernel has a low limit for certain - resources. Try this before starting postmaster:

    +

    You probably have run out of virtual memory on your system, + or your kernel has a low limit for certain resources. Try this + before starting postmaster:

         ulimit -d 262144
     limit datasize 256m
    + Depending on your shell, only one of these may succeed, but it will set your process data segment limit much higher and perhaps allow the query to complete. This command applies to the current process, @@ -1246,12 +1297,13 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length byte array (null-byte safe) WHERE EXISTS (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2 WHERE col1 = col2) + We hope to fix this limitation in a future release.

    4.23) How do I perform an outer join?

    -

    PostgreSQL 7.1 and later supports outer joins using the SQL - standard syntax. Here are two examples:

    +

    PostgreSQL supports outer joins using the SQL standard syntax. + Here are two examples:

         SELECT *
     FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
@@ -1297,6 +1349,26 @@ BYTEA           bytea           variable-length byte array (null-byte safe)
 
     
    Of course, a client can make simultaneous connections to
     different databases and merge the information that way.
    
+
+    
    4.25) How do I return multiple rows or
+    columns from a function?
    
+
+    
    You can return result sets from PL/pgSQL functions using
+    refcursors. See 
+    http://developer.postgresql.org/docs/postgres/plpgsql-cursors.html,
+    section 23.7.3.3.
    
+
+    
    4.26) Why can't I reliably create/drop
+    temporary tables in PL/PgSQL functions?
    
+    PL/PgSQL caches function contents, and an unfortunate side effect
+    is that if a PL/PgSQL function accesses a temporary table, and that
+    table is later dropped and recreated, and the function called
+    again, the function will fail because the cached function contents
+    still point to the old temporary table. The solution is to use
+    EXECUTE for temporary table access in PL/PgSQL. This
+    will cause the query to be reparsed every time. 
+
     
    
 
     
    Extending PostgreSQL
    
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/version.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/version.sgml
index 4d848aabdf2..cff149c4956 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/version.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/version.sgml
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ Update this file to propagate correct current version numbers to the
 documentation.  In text, use for example &version; to refer to them.
 -->
 
-
+
 
diff --git a/src/include/pg_config.h.win32 b/src/include/pg_config.h.win32
index e8f9158a04d..84a936e3082 100644
--- a/src/include/pg_config.h.win32
+++ b/src/include/pg_config.h.win32
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 /*
  * Parts of pg_config.h that you get with autoconf on other systems
  */
-#define PG_VERSION "7.2.2"
-#define PG_VERSION_STR "7.2.2 (win32)"
+#define PG_VERSION "7.2.3"
+#define PG_VERSION_STR "7.2.3 (win32)"
 
 #define SYSCONFDIR ""
 
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq++/libpq++dll.rc b/src/interfaces/libpq++/libpq++dll.rc
index 4f342fcc0e9..6a21ff97d5f 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq++/libpq++dll.rc
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq++/libpq++dll.rc
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include 
 
 VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
- FILEVERSION 7,2,2,0
- PRODUCTVERSION 7,2,2,0
+ FILEVERSION 7,2,3,0
+ PRODUCTVERSION 7,2,3,0
  FILEFLAGSMASK 0x3fL
  FILEFLAGS 0x0L
  FILEOS 0x40004L
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ BEGIN
             VALUE "Comments", "\0"
             VALUE "CompanyName", " \0"
             VALUE "FileDescription", "PostgreSQL C++ Access Library\0"
-            VALUE "FileVersion", "7, 2, 2, 0\0"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "7, 2, 3, 0\0"
             VALUE "InternalName", "libpq++\0"
             VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright © 2000\0"
             VALUE "LegalTrademarks", "\0"
             VALUE "OriginalFilename", "libpq++.dll\0"
             VALUE "PrivateBuild", "\0"
             VALUE "ProductName", "PostgreSQL\0"
-            VALUE "ProductVersion", "7, 2, 2, 0\0"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "7, 2, 3, 0\0"
             VALUE "SpecialBuild", "\0"
         END
     END
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc b/src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc
index 3ca9c56f821..f6d140e3aa5 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include 
 
 VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
- FILEVERSION 7,2,2,0
- PRODUCTVERSION 7,2,2,0
+ FILEVERSION 7,2,3,0
+ PRODUCTVERSION 7,2,3,0
  FILEFLAGSMASK 0x3fL
  FILEFLAGS 0
  FILEOS VOS__WINDOWS32
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ BEGIN
         BEGIN
             VALUE "CompanyName", "\0"
             VALUE "FileDescription", "PostgreSQL Access Library\0"
-            VALUE "FileVersion", "7, 2, 2, 0\0"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "7, 2, 3, 0\0"
             VALUE "InternalName", "libpq\0"
             VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright (C) 2000\0"
             VALUE "LegalTrademarks", "\0"
             VALUE "OriginalFilename", "libpq.dll\0"
             VALUE "ProductName", "PostgreSQL\0"
-            VALUE "ProductVersion", "7, 2, 2, 0\0"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "7, 2, 3, 0\0"
         END
     END
     BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
-- 
2.39.5