From d052bd6fd99f76408f307cedd86d5a3de0184938 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chet Ramey Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 11:27:36 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] readline and completion fixes --- CWRU/CWRU.chlog | 43 + POSIX | 7 + bashline.c | 4 + doc/bash.html | 18 +- doc/bashref.dvi | Bin 824140 -> 836976 bytes doc/bashref.html | 9 +- doc/bashref.log | 68 +- doc/bashref.ps | 9652 ++++++++++++++++--------------- doc/builtins.ps | 4435 +++++++------- doc/rbash.ps | 2 +- execute_cmd.c | 2 + lib/readline/display.c | 35 +- lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi | 6 +- lib/readline/examples/fileman.c | 6 +- lib/readline/histexpand.c | 2 +- lib/readline/rlprivate.h | 1 + lib/readline/text.c | 5 +- lib/readline/vi_mode.c | 5 +- lib/sh/strlcpy.c | 2 +- 19 files changed, 7318 insertions(+), 6984 deletions(-) diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index e48518033..4fb61ceb5 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -6044,3 +6044,46 @@ builtins/complete.def doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - compgen: document new -V option + + 4/18 + ---- +lib/readline/vi_mode.c + - rl_domove_read_callback: call _rl_arg_init before reading digit + argument so prompt gets saved, both callback and non-callback modes + From a report by Grisha Levit + - rl_vi_arg_dispatch: if we return 0 to end the digit argument and + turn off NUMERICARG, call rl_restore_prompt + +lib/readline/histexpand.c + - history_expand_internal: make sure subst_lhs is not null before we + call postproc_subst_rhs. + From a report by Grisha Levit + +lib/readline/display.c + - rl_redisplay: remove redundant code that ends up incrementing lpos + too much for meta characters displayed as octal escape sequences. + From a report by Grisha Levit + + 4/19 + ---- +bashline.c + - attempt_shell_completion: handle case where s > e after calls to + find_cmd_start and find_cmd_end, respectively. + From a report by Grisha Levit + +lib/readline/display.c + - update_line: fix setting of `wsatend' when computing ols and nls in + the multibyte case; this caused redisplay to print more characters + than it needed + - update_line: fix calculation of visible_wrap_offset when moving up + to line 0, trying to figure whether or not the visible prompt has + any invisible characters. Fixes C locale issue reported by + Grisha Levit + + 4/20 + ---- +lib/readline/text.c + - _rl_rubout_char: update erase-at-end-of-line hack to deal with the + unlikely event that a character in a non-multibyte locale is + displayed using an octal representation. + From a report by Grisha Levit diff --git a/POSIX b/POSIX index 68a9c00d2..b5b21d88a 100644 --- a/POSIX +++ b/POSIX @@ -313,6 +313,13 @@ The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it and the backslash will be removed. + 66. Command substitutions don't set the '?' special parameter. The + exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the + exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while + evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that + command, but that does not happen until after all of the + assignments and redirections. + There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default even when in POSIX mode. Specifically: diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c index 37cc48a91..a17f7a15f 100644 --- a/bashline.c +++ b/bashline.c @@ -1672,6 +1672,10 @@ attempt_shell_completion (const char *text, int start, int end) s1 = s = e1; break; } + else if (s > e) + { + s = s1 = start; e = e1 = end; /* reset */ + } /* Skip over assignment statements preceding a command name. If we don't find a command name at all, we can perform command name completion. If we find a partial command name, we should perform diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index a019bd958..b3738b574 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -10550,7 +10550,19 @@ case, any completion not matching filterpat is removed.

The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option -other than -p or -r is supplied without a name +other than +-p, + +-r, + +-D, + +-E, + +or +-I + +is supplied without a name argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a name for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. @@ -15038,7 +15050,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

BUGS
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bash.1.
-Time: 17 April 2023 14:27:09 EDT +This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
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The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option -other than -p or -r is supplied without a name +other than +-p, +-r, +-D, +-E, +or +-I +is supplied without a name argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a name for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log index 6245efff7..d22ffebc7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.log +++ b/doc/bashref.log @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021/MacPorts 2021.58693_0) (preloaded format=pdfetex 2021.8.30) 17 APR 2023 15:24 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022/MacPorts 2022.62882_0) (preloaded format=etex 2022.5.4) 18 APR 2023 10:26 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. -**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/texinfo.tex +**\nonstopmode \input /usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi +(/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/texinfo.tex Loading texinfo [version 2015-11-22.14]: \outerhsize=\dimen16 \outervsize=\dimen17 @@ -161,23 +161,20 @@ This is `epsf.tex' v2.7.4 <14 February 2011> texinfo.tex: doing @include of version.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf -/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] [2] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.toc) -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.toc) Chapter 1 +(/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/version.texi) [1] [2] +(/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4] +Chapter 1 \openout0 = `bashref.toc'. - -(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230416/doc/bashref.aux) + (/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.aux) \openout1 = `bashref.aux'. - Chapter 2 [1] [2] + Chapter 2 [1] +[2] @cpindfile=@write2 \openout2 = `bashref.cp'. - -[3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] + [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] @vrindfile=@write3 \openout3 = `bashref.vr'. @@ -260,9 +257,8 @@ Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5280--5280 [118] texinfo.tex: doing @include of rluser.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi -Chapter 8 [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] -[130] + (/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 +[119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] Underfull \hbox (badness 7540) in paragraph at lines 874--880 []@textrm In the ex-am-ple above, @textttsl C-u[] @textrm is bound to the func -tion @@ -310,7 +306,7 @@ gnored[] texinfo.tex: doing @include of hsuser.texi -(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 +(/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9 [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159]) Chapter 10 [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9566--9575 @@ -342,38 +338,16 @@ extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and [174] [175] Appendix C [176] texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi - (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230416/doc/fdl.texi + (/usr/local/src/chet/src/bash/src/doc/fdl.texi [177] [178] [179] [180] [181] [182] [183]) Appendix D [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 4100 strings out of 497086 - 47602 string characters out of 6206517 - 142025 words of memory out of 5000000 - 4869 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 3530 strings out of 497084 + 40207 string characters out of 6206695 + 87715 words of memory out of 5000000 + 4703 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 34315 words of font info for 116 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 51 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 - 16i,6n,16p,331b,983s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s -{/opt/local/share/texmf-texlive/font -s/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-t1.enc}< -/opt/local/share/texmf-texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmsl10.pfb> -Output written on bashref.pdf (199 pages, 805186 bytes). -PDF statistics: - 2794 PDF objects out of 2984 (max. 8388607) - 2548 compressed objects within 26 object streams - 327 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) - 1157 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + 16i,6n,16p,343b,942s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s +Output written on bashref.dvi (199 pages, 836976 bytes). diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps index 4712a131b..ea3a255c8 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.ps +++ b/doc/bashref.ps @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ %!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips(k) 2021.1 Copyright 2021 Radical Eye Software +%%Creator: dvips(k) 2022.1 (TeX Live 2022) Copyright 2022 Radical Eye Software %%Title: bashref.dvi -%%CreationDate: Fri Dec 2 22:01:18 2022 -%%Pages: 196 +%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 18 14:26:04 2023 +%%Pages: 199 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%DocumentFonts: CMBX12 CMR10 CMTT10 CMSL10 CMSY10 CMMI12 CMMI10 CMCSC10 @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600 -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2022.12.02:1701 +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2023.04.18:1026 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0 %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S @@ -7561,9 +7561,9 @@ TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 600 600 (bashref.dvi) 1[48 48 48 1[48 48 48 1[48 48 48 48 1[48 6[48 6[48 48 48 48 2[48 5[48 39[{}49 90.9091 /CMSLTT10 rf /Fk 134[65 65 89 65 68 48 48 50 65 68 61 68 102 34 65 1[34 68 61 -37 56 68 55 68 60 7[93 1[127 1[94 85 68 92 92 84 92 96 -116 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f(collects)i(its)f(exit)g(status)f(\(see)h(Sec-)330 5317 -y(tion)31 b(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)g(page)g(44\).)p +y(tion)31 b(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)g(page)g(45\).)p eop end %%Page: 6 12 TeXDict begin 6 11 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 @@ -8384,11 +8390,11 @@ y(Quoting)c(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)j(disable)e(sp)s(ecial)h(treatmen)m (quoted)g(if)h(it)g(is)f(to)h(represen)m(t)g(itself.)68 b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1018 y(expansion)i(facilities)j (are)e(b)s(eing)f(used)g(\(see)h(Section)h(9.3)f([History)h(In)m -(teraction],)j(page)c(154\),)47 b(the)150 1127 y Fr(history)30 +(teraction],)j(page)c(157\),)47 b(the)150 1127 y Fr(history)30 b(expansion)h Fu(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(',)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(quoted)h(to)g(prev)m(en)m(t)g(history)g (expansion.)41 b(See)150 1237 y(Section)22 b(9.1)g([Bash)f(History)h(F) --8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(152,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h +-8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(155,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h (concerning)g(history)f(expansion.)275 1370 y(There)37 b(are)h(three)f(quoting)h(mec)m(hanisms:)56 b(the)38 b Fr(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracter)p Fu(,)j(single)d(quotes,)i(and)d(double) @@ -8417,7 +8423,7 @@ b(quotes,)h(with)f(the)g(exception)h(of)f(`)p Ft($)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(`)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(and,)f(when)f(history)g (expansion)h(is)g(enabled,)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu('.)150 3280 y(When)c(the)g(shell)g(is)g(in)f Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de)f(\(see)i -(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)f(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(106\),)h(the)e(`)p +(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)f(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(107\),)h(the)e(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')150 3390 y(has)d(no)g(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(within)f (double)g(quotes,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)f(history)g(expansion)g(is)g (enabled.)40 b(The)150 3499 y(c)m(haracters)h(`)p Ft($)p @@ -8639,7 +8645,7 @@ Ft(interactive_comments)38 b Fu(option)44 b(enabled)f(do)s(es)g(not)g (allo)m(w)150 1973 y(commen)m(ts.)56 b(The)34 b Ft (interactive_comments)c Fu(option)35 b(is)g(on)g(b)m(y)g(default)g(in)g (in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)55 b(See)150 2083 y(Section)30 -b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(94,)g(for)e(a)i +b(6.3)f([In)m(teractiv)m(e)j(Shells],)d(page)h(95,)g(for)e(a)i (description)e(of)h(what)g(mak)m(es)h(a)f(shell)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e.) 150 2316 y Fs(3.2)68 b(Shell)45 b(Commands)150 2476 y Fu(A)d(simple)g(shell)g(command)f(suc)m(h)h(as)g Ft(echo)29 @@ -8677,7 +8683,7 @@ y([De\014nitions],)37 b(page)e(3\).)54 b(The)35 b(\014rst)e(w)m(ord)i (generally)g(sp)s(eci\014es)g(a)g(command)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(executed,)j (with)150 4990 y(the)31 b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(w)m(ords)g(b)s(eing)g(that) h(command's)f(argumen)m(ts.)275 5121 y(The)h(return)h(status)g(\(see)i -(Section)f(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)h(page)f(44\))g(of)g(a)g(simple)f +(Section)f(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)h(page)f(45\))g(of)g(a)g(simple)f (command)g(is)h(its)150 5230 y(exit)38 b(status)f(as)g(pro)m(vided)f(b) m(y)h(the)g Fm(posix)f Fu(1003.1)j Ft(waitpid)c Fu(function,)j(or)f (128)p Ft(+)p Fr(n)g Fu(if)g(the)g(command)150 5340 y(w)m(as)31 @@ -8716,21 +8722,21 @@ b(The)31 b Ft(-p)f Fu(option)i(c)m(hanges)g(the)f(output)g(format)g(to) 150 2130 y(that)j(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)h Fm(posix)p Fu(.)49 b(When)33 b(the)g(shell)g(is)h(in)e Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)g([Bash)g(POSIX)150 -2239 y(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(106\),)j(it)e(do)s(es)e(not)i(recognize)g +2239 y(Mo)s(de],)j(page)e(107\),)j(it)e(do)s(es)e(not)i(recognize)g Ft(time)e Fu(as)h(a)h(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)f(if)h(the)g(next)g(tok)m (en)h(b)s(egins)150 2349 y(with)d(a)g(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)49 b(The)33 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(set) g(to)h(a)g(format)f(string)g(that)h(sp)s(eci\014es)f(ho)m(w)g(the)150 2458 y(timing)38 b(information)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(displa)m(y)m(ed.)62 b(See)38 b(Section)g(5.2)g([Bash)g(V)-8 b(ariables],)41 -b(page)d(78,)i(for)e(a)150 2568 y(description)27 b(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 +b(page)d(79,)i(for)e(a)150 2568 y(description)27 b(of)g(the)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(formats.)40 b(The)26 b(use)h(of)g Ft(time)f Fu(as)i(a)f(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)g(p)s(ermits)f(the)h(timing)150 2677 y(of)38 b(shell)g(builtins,)i(shell)e(functions,)i(and)d(pip)s (elines.)63 b(An)38 b(external)h Ft(time)e Fu(command)h(cannot)g(time) 150 2787 y(these)31 b(easily)-8 b(.)275 2927 y(When)26 b(the)h(shell)g(is)g(in)g Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)i(Section)f -(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(106\),)h Ft(time)150 +(6.11)i([Bash)e(POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(107\),)h Ft(time)150 3036 y Fu(ma)m(y)d(b)s(e)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)d(a)h(newline.)39 b(In)25 b(this)h(case,)i(the)d(shell)h(displa)m(ys)g(the)g(total)h (user)e(and)g(system)h(time)150 3146 y(consumed)33 b(b)m(y)h(the)h @@ -8791,7 +8797,7 @@ g(as)h Fr(async)m(hronous)i Fu(commands.)78 b(The)43 b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(w)m(ait)h(for)f(the)150 1102 y(command)34 b(to)h(\014nish,)f(and)f(the)h(return)f(status)i(is)f(0)g (\(true\).)53 b(When)34 b(job)g(con)m(trol)h(is)f(not)h(activ)m(e)h -(\(see)150 1211 y(Chapter)27 b(7)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol],)i(page)g(113\),) +(\(see)150 1211 y(Chapter)27 b(7)h([Job)f(Con)m(trol],)i(page)g(116\),) h(the)d(standard)g(input)f(for)i(async)m(hronous)f(commands,)h(in)f (the)150 1321 y(absence)k(of)f(an)m(y)h(explicit)h(redirections,)f(is)f (redirected)h(from)f Ft(/dev/null)p Fu(.)275 1448 y(Commands)19 @@ -8884,7 +8890,7 @@ Ft(;)i Fj(expr3)e Ft(\)\))h(;)h(do)f Fj(commands)e Ft(;)j(done)630 2437 y Fu(First,)38 b(the)f(arithmetic)h(expression)e Fr(expr1)43 b Fu(is)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(according)f(to)g(the)g (rules)f(de-)630 2547 y(scrib)s(ed)41 b(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g -(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).)77 b(The)42 +(6.5)g([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(99\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630 2656 y(expression)33 b Fr(expr2)41 b Fu(is)34 b(then)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(rep)s(eatedly)f(un)m(til)g(it)g (ev)-5 b(aluates)35 b(to)g(zero.)51 b(Eac)m(h)630 2766 @@ -9032,7 +9038,7 @@ b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f(index)f(of)i(the)g 2642 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e Ft(\)\))630 2777 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f Fu(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 -2887 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).) +2887 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(99\).) 39 b(The)20 b Fr(expression)h Fu(undergo)s(es)f(the)h(same)630 2996 y(expansions)35 b(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(within)f(double)f (quotes,)k(but)d(double)f(quote)i(c)m(haracters)h(in)630 @@ -9046,7 +9052,7 @@ Ft(]])630 3646 y Fu(Return)25 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s (expres-)630 3755 y(sion)j Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m (w)h(in)630 3865 y(Section)37 b(6.4)g([Bash)f(Conditional)h -(Expressions],)g(page)g(96.)58 b(The)36 b(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i +(Expressions],)g(page)g(97.)58 b(The)36 b(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i (the)630 3974 y Ft([[)h Fu(and)g Ft(]])g Fu(do)g(not)h(undergo)f(w)m (ord)g(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)65 b(The)38 b(shell)630 4084 y(p)s(erforms)26 b(tilde)j(expansion,)f(parameter)g @@ -9359,7 +9365,7 @@ Fu(is)35 b(not)f(allo)m(w)m(ed;)39 b(this)34 b(is)h(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)h b(the)h(\014rst)150 3879 y(w)m(ord)30 b(of)h(the)f(simple)g(command.) 275 4007 y(When)42 b(the)i(copro)s(cess)f(is)g(executed,)48 b(the)43 b(shell)g(creates)i(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 -b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)150 4117 y([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)e(100\))g(named) +b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)150 4117 y([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)e(101\))g(named) e Fr(NAME)48 b Fu(in)41 b(the)h(con)m(text)h(of)f(the)g(executing)h (shell.)75 b(The)41 b(standard)150 4226 y(output)32 b(of)h Fr(command)i Fu(is)e(connected)g(via)g(a)g(pip)s(e)f(to)h(a)g(\014le)f @@ -9448,10 +9454,10 @@ b Fu(is)d(executed)150 3972 y(whenev)m(er)29 b Fr(fname)35 b Fu(is)29 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)f(simple)h (command.)40 b(When)29 b(the)h(shell)f(is)h(in)f Fm(posix)150 4082 y Fu(mo)s(de)i(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],) -i(page)g(106\),)i Fr(fname)i Fu(m)m(ust)31 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(v)-5 +i(page)g(107\),)i Fr(fname)i Fu(m)m(ust)31 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)h(name)150 4192 y(and)h(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(the)h (same)f(as)h(one)g(of)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtins)e(\(see)j(Section)f -(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)150 4301 y(page)d(77\).)43 +(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)150 4301 y(page)d(78\).)43 b(In)29 b(default)i(mo)s(de,)g(a)f(function)h(name)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(an)m (y)h(unquoted)e(shell)i(w)m(ord)f(that)h(do)s(es)g(not)150 4411 y(con)m(tain)k(`)p Ft($)p Fu('.)52 b(An)m(y)34 b(redirections)g @@ -9612,7 +9618,7 @@ b(ariable)32 b(at)g(a)g(previous)f(scop)s(e,)h(an)m(y)f(instance)i(of)e 3258 y(F)-8 b(unction)51 b(names)f(and)g(de\014nitions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s (e)e(listed)h(with)f(the)h Ft(-f)f Fu(option)h(to)g(the)g Ft(declare)150 3368 y Fu(\()p Ft(typeset)p Fu(\))43 b(builtin)h -(command)g(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)j(page)d(55\).)83 +(command)g(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)j(page)d(56\).)83 b(The)44 b Ft(-F)f Fu(option)150 3477 y(to)e Ft(declare)e Fu(or)i Ft(typeset)e Fu(will)i(list)g(the)g(function)f(names)h(only)g (\(and)f(optionally)i(the)f(source)g(\014le)150 3587 @@ -9641,7 +9647,7 @@ m(y)h(a)g Ft(name)p Fu(.)52 b(A)35 b(v)-5 b(ariable)150 Ft(attributes)p Fu(.)71 b(A)m(ttributes)42 b(are)f(assigned)h(using)f (the)g Ft(declare)150 4989 y Fu(builtin)29 b(command)g(\(see)h(the)g (description)f(of)g(the)h Ft(declare)d Fu(builtin)i(in)g(Section)h(4.2) -g([Bash)g(Builtins],)150 5099 y(page)h(55\).)275 5230 +g([Bash)g(Builtins],)150 5099 y(page)h(56\).)275 5230 y(A)d(parameter)h(is)g(set)g(if)f(it)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(assigned)h(a)g (v)-5 b(alue.)40 b(The)28 b(n)m(ull)h(string)f(is)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)28 b(v)-5 b(alue.)41 b(Once)150 5340 y(a)31 b(v)-5 @@ -9674,14 +9680,14 @@ Fu(,)f Ft(typeset)p Fu(,)h Ft(export)p Fu(,)g Ft(readonly)p Fu(,)f(and)g Ft(local)f Fu(builtin)150 1410 y(commands)31 b(\()p Fr(declaration)j Fu(commands\).)44 b(When)32 b(in)f Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)h(6.11)g([Bash)f(POSIX)150 -1520 y(Mo)s(de],)h(page)f(106\),)i(these)e(builtins)f(ma)m(y)h(app)s +1520 y(Mo)s(de],)h(page)f(107\),)i(these)e(builtins)f(ma)m(y)h(app)s (ear)f(in)g(a)h(command)f(after)h(one)g(or)g(more)g(instances)g(of)150 1630 y(the)f Ft(command)d Fu(builtin)i(and)g(retain)h(these)f (assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(prop)s(erties.)275 1802 y(In)d(the)h(con)m(text)i(where)d(an)h(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h (is)e(assigning)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(to)h(a)f(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(or)150 1911 y(arra)m(y)k(index)f(\(see)h(Section)g(6.7)g -([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)f(100\),)i(the)e(`)p Ft(+=)p Fu(')f(op)s(erator)g +([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)f(101\),)i(the)e(`)p Ft(+=)p Fu(')f(op)s(erator)g (can)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(app)s(end)150 2021 y(to)h(or)g(add)e(to)j (the)e(v)-5 b(ariable's)36 b(previous)f(v)-5 b(alue.)57 b(This)34 b(includes)h(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(builtin)f(commands)150 @@ -9695,7 +9701,7 @@ b(aluated)38 b(as)150 2350 y(an)28 b(arithmetic)h(expression)f(and)f b(alue,)30 b(whic)m(h)d(is)i(also)f(ev)-5 b(aluated.)150 2459 y(When)43 b(`)p Ft(+=)p Fu(')g(is)h(applied)f(to)h(an)f(arra)m(y)h (v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(using)f(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)j(\(see)h -(Section)f(6.7)150 2569 y([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)d(100\),)k(the)c(v)-5 +(Section)f(6.7)150 2569 y([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)d(101\),)k(the)c(v)-5 b(ariable's)42 b(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(is)g(not)f(unset)h(\(as)g(it)g(is)g (when)e(using)h(`)p Ft(=)p Fu('\),)k(and)c(new)150 2679 y(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(are)g(app)s(ended)f(to)h(the)g(arra)m(y)h(b)s @@ -9709,7 +9715,7 @@ b Fr(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fu(is)c(expanded)e(and)h(app)s(ended)e(to)j(the)f b(ariable)28 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(the)h Ft(nameref)d Fu(attribute)i(using)g(the)g Ft(-n)f Fu(option)i(to)g(the)f Ft(declare)e Fu(or)150 3180 y Ft(local)f Fu(builtin)h(commands)g(\(see) -i(Section)f(4.2)h([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)f(55\))h(to)f(create)i(a)e +i(Section)f(4.2)h([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)f(56\))h(to)f(create)i(a)e Fr(nameref)p Fu(,)g(or)g(a)150 3289 y(reference)f(to)g(another)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)40 b(This)24 b(allo)m(ws)j(v)-5 b(ariables)26 b(to)g(b)s(e)e(manipulated)h(indirectly)-8 b(.)40 b(Whenev)m(er)150 @@ -9843,7 +9849,7 @@ Fm(id)h Fu(of)f(the)h(job)f(most)h(recen)m(tly)h(placed)f(in)m(to)g (the)g(bac)m(k-)630 408 y(ground,)26 b(whether)g(executed)g(as)h(an)f (async)m(hronous)f(command)h(or)g(using)g(the)g Ft(bg)f Fu(builtin)630 518 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(7.2)f([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h -(Builtins],)g(page)h(114\).)150 675 y Ft(0)432 b Fu(\($0\))46 +(Builtins],)g(page)h(117\).)150 675 y Ft(0)432 b Fu(\($0\))46 b(Expands)d(to)i(the)g(name)g(of)f(the)h(shell)g(or)f(shell)h(script.) 83 b(This)44 b(is)g(set)h(at)h(shell)630 785 y(initialization.)d(If)27 b(Bash)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)e(a)i(\014le)e(of)h(commands)g @@ -9851,7 +9857,7 @@ b(Bash)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(with)e(a)i(\014le)e(of)h(commands)g Ft($0)e Fu(is)h(set)g(to)g(the)f(name)h(of)f(that)h(\014le.)41 b(If)28 b(Bash)g(is)h(started)g(with)f(the)630 1004 y Ft(-c)i Fu(option)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h(Bash],)g -(page)f(91\),)i(then)d Ft($0)g Fu(is)h(set)g(to)h(the)f(\014rst)630 +(page)f(92\),)i(then)d Ft($0)g Fu(is)h(set)g(to)h(the)f(\014rst)630 1113 y(argumen)m(t)g(after)g(the)g(string)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(executed,)i (if)f(one)g(is)f(presen)m(t.)42 b(Otherwise,)31 b(it)g(is)f(set)630 1223 y(to)h(the)g(\014lename)f(used)g(to)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h(Bash,)f @@ -9891,7 +9897,7 @@ b(The)24 b(only)150 3986 y(exceptions)i(to)f(this)g(are)g(the)g (3.4.2)i([Sp)s(ecial)e(P)m(arameters],)150 4096 y(page)31 b(23\),)h(and)e Ft("${)p Fj(name)p Ft([@]}")d Fu(and)i Ft(${)p Fj(name)p Ft([*]})f Fu(\(see)j(Section)h(6.7)f([Arra)m(ys],)g -(page)g(100\).)275 4229 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h +(page)g(101\).)275 4229 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h Ft(quote)29 b(removal)40 b Fu(\(see)i(Section)h(3.5.9)g([Quote)f(Remo)m (v)-5 b(al],)47 b(page)42 b(38\))h(is)150 4339 y(p)s(erformed.)150 4535 y Fk(3.5.1)63 b(Brace)40 b(Expansion)150 4682 y @@ -9899,7 +9905,7 @@ Fu(Brace)32 b(expansion)f(is)f(a)i(mec)m(hanism)f(b)m(y)f(whic)m(h)h (arbitrary)f(strings)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(generated.)43 b(This)30 b(mec)m(h-)150 4792 y(anism)35 b(is)h(similar)f(to)h Fr(\014lename)g(expansion)f Fu(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)g -(Expansion],)f(page)g(35\),)150 4902 y(but)26 b(the)h(\014lenames)g +(Expansion],)f(page)g(36\),)150 4902 y(but)26 b(the)h(\014lenames)g (generated)h(need)f(not)g(exist.)40 b(P)m(atterns)28 b(to)f(b)s(e)g(brace)g(expanded)f(tak)m(e)i(the)f(form)g(of)150 5011 y(an)j(optional)h Fr(pream)m(ble)p Fu(,)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)f @@ -10001,7 +10007,7 @@ g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f Ft(dirs)g Fu(builtin)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(c)m(haracters) 150 5121 y(follo)m(wing)40 b(tilde)f(in)g(the)f(tilde-pre\014x)h(as)g 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b(to)g(one)e(greater)i(than)e(the)h(maxim)m(um)f (index)g(of)g Fr(parameter)p Fu(,)50 b(so)c(negativ)m(e)630 -4529 y(indices)30 b(coun)m(t)h(bac)m(k)g(from)f(the)h(end)e(of)i(the)f +4639 y(indices)30 b(coun)m(t)h(bac)m(k)g(from)f(the)h(end)e(of)i(the)f (arra)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(and)e(an)g(index)g(of)g(-1)h(references)g(the)630 -4639 y(last)g(elemen)m(t.)150 4792 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p -Ft(#)p Fj(word)p Ft(})150 4902 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p -Ft(##)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630 5011 y Fu(The)43 b Fr(w)m(ord)k +4748 y(last)g(elemen)m(t.)150 4902 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p +Ft(#)p Fj(word)p Ft(})150 5011 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p +Ft(##)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630 5121 y Fu(The)43 b Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(is)d(expanded)f(to)h(pro)s(duce)f(a)h(pattern)g(and)f(matc)m(hed)i -(according)f(to)h(the)630 5121 y(rules)31 b(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w) +(according)f(to)h(the)630 5230 y(rules)31 b(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w) h(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)g(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f -(36\).)46 b(If)32 b(the)630 5230 y(pattern)37 b(matc)m(hes)h(the)f(b)s +(36\).)46 b(If)32 b(the)630 5340 y(pattern)37 b(matc)m(hes)h(the)f(b)s (eginning)f(of)h(the)g(expanded)f(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)f -Fr(parameter)p Fu(,)i(then)e(the)630 5340 y(result)f(of)h(the)f -(expansion)h(is)f(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g -Fr(parameter)43 b Fu(with)36 b(the)h(shortest)p eop end +Fr(parameter)p Fu(,)i(then)e(the)p eop end %%Page: 31 37 TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)630 299 -y(matc)m(hing)31 b(pattern)e(\(the)h(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')g(case\))h(or)e -(the)h(longest)h(matc)m(hing)f(pattern)g(\(the)g(`)p -Ft(##)p Fu(')g(case\))630 408 y(deleted.)49 b(If)32 b +y(result)36 b(of)h(the)f(expansion)h(is)f(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 +b(alue)37 b(of)g Fr(parameter)43 b Fu(with)36 b(the)h(shortest)630 +408 y(matc)m(hing)31 b(pattern)e(\(the)h(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')g(case\))h(or) +e(the)h(longest)h(matc)m(hing)f(pattern)g(\(the)g(`)p +Ft(##)p Fu(')g(case\))630 518 y(deleted.)49 b(If)32 b Fr(parameter)40 b Fu(is)33 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)f(pattern)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)34 b(op)s(eration)g(is) -f(applied)f(to)630 518 y(eac)m(h)38 b(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)f +f(applied)f(to)630 628 y(eac)m(h)38 b(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)f (turn,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g(is)h(the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)61 -b(If)630 628 y Fr(parameter)38 b Fu(is)32 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 +b(If)630 737 y Fr(parameter)38 b Fu(is)32 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(subscripted)e(with)h(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)h(`)p -Ft(*)p Fu(',)g(the)f(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)630 737 +Ft(*)p Fu(',)g(the)f(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)630 847 y(op)s(eration)30 b(is)g(applied)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h (the)g(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)g(and)g(the)h(expansion)g(is)630 -847 y(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 1019 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p -Ft(\045)p Fj(word)p Ft(})150 1129 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p -Ft(\045\045)p Fj(word)p Ft(})630 1238 y Fu(The)43 b Fr(w)m(ord)k +956 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(the)g(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)g(and)g(the)h(expansion)g(is)630 -2225 y(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 2397 y Ft(${)p +2334 y(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 2506 y Ft(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(/)p Fj(pattern)p Ft(/)p Fj(stri)o(ng)p -Ft(})150 2506 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(//)p Fj(pattern)p -Ft(/)p Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})150 2616 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p -Ft(/#)p Fj(pattern)p Ft(/)p Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})150 2725 +Ft(})150 2616 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(//)p Fj(pattern)p +Ft(/)p Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})150 2725 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p +Ft(/#)p Fj(pattern)p Ft(/)p Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})150 2835 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p Ft(/\045)p Fj(pattern)p Ft(/)p -Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})630 2835 y Fu(The)37 b Fr(pattern)g +Fj(str)o(ing)p Ft(})630 2945 y Fu(The)37 b Fr(pattern)g Fu(is)g(expanded)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)e(a)h(pattern)g(just)g(as)h(in)e -(\014lename)i(expansion.)630 2945 y Fr(P)m(arameter)46 +(\014lename)i(expansion.)630 3054 y Fr(P)m(arameter)46 b Fu(is)38 b(expanded)f(and)g(the)i(longest)g(matc)m(h)g(of)f Fr(pattern)g 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b(there)h(are)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3634 y(slashes)28 +b(If)45 b(there)h(are)g(t)m(w)m(o)630 3743 y(slashes)28 b(separating)g Fr(parameter)35 b Fu(and)27 b Fr(pattern)g Fu(\(the)i(second)e(form)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\),)j(all)f(matc)m(hes)630 -3743 y(of)d Fr(pattern)g Fu(are)g(replaced)g(with)f Fr(string)p +3853 y(of)d Fr(pattern)g Fu(are)g(replaced)g(with)f Fr(string)p Fu(.)40 b(If)25 b Fr(pattern)h Fu(is)f(preceded)h(b)m(y)f(`)p -Ft(#)p Fu(')h(\(the)h(third)d(form)630 3853 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\),)32 +Ft(#)p Fu(')h(\(the)h(third)d(form)630 3962 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\),)32 b(it)e(m)m(ust)f(matc)m(h)i(at)f(the)g(b)s(eginning)e(of)i(the)g (expanded)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)f Fr(parameter)p Fu(.)41 -b(If)630 3962 y Fr(pattern)28 b Fu(is)g(preceded)g(b)m(y)g(`)p +b(If)630 4072 y Fr(pattern)28 b Fu(is)g(preceded)g(b)m(y)g(`)p Ft(\045)p Fu(')g(\(the)h(fourth)e(form)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\),)i(it)f(m)m -(ust)f(matc)m(h)h(at)g(the)f(end)g(of)630 4072 y(the)i(expanded)e(v)-5 +(ust)f(matc)m(h)h(at)g(the)f(end)g(of)630 4181 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y(This)30 b(is)g(in)m(tended) g(to)h(duplicate)g(a)g(common)g Ft(sed)e Fu(idiom.)630 -4792 y(Quoting)g(an)m(y)f(part)h(of)f Fr(string)36 b +4902 y(Quoting)g(an)m(y)f(part)h(of)f Fr(string)36 b Fu(inhibits)28 b(replacemen)m(t)i(in)e(the)g(expansion)h(of)f(the)h -(quoted)630 4902 y(p)s(ortion,)j(including)g(replacemen)m(t)h(strings)f +(quoted)630 5011 y(p)s(ortion,)j(including)g(replacemen)m(t)h(strings)f (stored)g(in)g(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)46 b(Bac)m(kslash)34 -b(will)630 5011 y(escap)s(e)k(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')g(in)f +b(will)630 5121 y(escap)s(e)k(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')g(in)f Fr(string)8 b Fu(;)42 b(the)c(bac)m(kslash)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(in)g (order)f(to)h(p)s(ermit)f(a)i(literal)g(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')630 -5121 y(in)31 b(the)h(replacemen)m(t)h(string.)44 b(Users)32 +5230 y(in)31 b(the)h(replacemen)m(t)h(string.)44 b(Users)32 b(should)e(tak)m(e)k(care)e(if)g Fr(string)39 b Fu(is)32 -b(double-quoted)f(to)630 5230 y(a)m(v)m(oid)37 b(un)m(w)m(an)m(ted)f +b(double-quoted)f(to)630 5340 y(a)m(v)m(oid)37 b(un)m(w)m(an)m(ted)f (in)m(teractions)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)e(the)g(bac)m(kslash)h(and)e -(double-quoting,)j(since)630 5340 y(bac)m(kslash)31 b(has)f(sp)s(ecial) -h(meaning)f(within)g(double)f(quotes.)42 b(P)m(attern)31 -b(substitution)f(p)s(er-)p eop end +(double-quoting,)j(since)p eop end %%Page: 32 38 TeXDict begin 32 37 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(32)630 299 -y(forms)28 b(the)h(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)d(unquoted)g(`)p +y(bac)m(kslash)31 b(has)f(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)f(within)g(double)f +(quotes.)42 b(P)m(attern)31 b(substitution)f(p)s(er-)630 +408 y(forms)e(the)h(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)d(unquoted)g(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')h(after)g(expanding)g Fr(string)p Fu(,)g(so)g(users)f -(should)g(ensure)630 408 y(to)33 b(prop)s(erly)e(quote)i(an)m(y)f(o)s +(should)g(ensure)630 518 y(to)33 b(prop)s(erly)e(quote)i(an)m(y)f(o)s (ccurrences)g(of)h(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')f(they)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(b)s(e)f -(tak)m(en)h(literally)h(in)e(the)630 518 y(replacemen)m(t)k(and)e +(tak)m(en)h(literally)h(in)e(the)630 628 y(replacemen)m(t)k(and)e (ensure)g(an)m(y)h(instances)g(of)g(`)p Ft(&)p Fu(')f(they)h(w)m(an)m -(t)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(replaced)h(are)g(un-)630 628 y(quoted.)630 -756 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)870 883 y Ft(var=abcdef)870 -993 y(rep='&)46 b(')870 1103 y(echo)h(${var/abc/&)d(})870 -1212 y(echo)j("${var/abc/&)d(}")870 1322 y(echo)j(${var/abc/$rep})870 -1431 y(echo)g("${var/abc/$rep}")630 1559 y Fu(will)31 +(t)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(replaced)h(are)g(un-)630 737 y(quoted.)630 +924 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(instance,)870 1110 y Ft(var=abcdef)870 +1219 y(rep='&)46 b(')870 1329 y(echo)h(${var/abc/&)d(})870 +1439 y(echo)j("${var/abc/&)d(}")870 1548 y(echo)j(${var/abc/$rep})870 +1658 y(echo)g("${var/abc/$rep}")630 1844 y Fu(will)31 b(displa)m(y)f(four)g(lines)h(of)f Ft(")p Fu(ab)s(c)g(def)p -Ft(")p Fu(,)g(while)870 1687 y Ft(var=abcdef)870 1797 -y(rep='&)46 b(')870 1906 y(echo)h(${var/abc/\\&)d(})870 -2016 y(echo)j("${var/abc/\\&)d(}")870 2125 y(echo)j(${var/abc/"&)d("}) -870 2235 y(echo)j(${var/abc/"$rep"})630 2363 y Fu(will)34 +Ft(")p Fu(,)g(while)870 2030 y Ft(var=abcdef)870 2140 +y(rep='&)46 b(')870 2250 y(echo)h(${var/abc/\\&)d(})870 +2359 y(echo)j("${var/abc/\\&)d(}")870 2469 y(echo)j(${var/abc/"&)d("}) +870 2578 y(echo)j(${var/abc/"$rep"})630 2765 y Fu(will)34 b(displa)m(y)g(four)g(lines)g(of)g Ft(")p Fu(&)f(def)p Ft(")p Fu(.)51 b(Lik)m(e)35 b(the)f(pattern)g(remo)m(v)-5 -b(al)35 b(op)s(erators,)g(double)630 2472 y(quotes)23 +b(al)35 b(op)s(erators,)g(double)630 2874 y(quotes)23 b(surrounding)c(the)k(replacemen)m(t)g(string)f(quote)h(the)f(expanded) -f(c)m(haracters,)26 b(while)630 2582 y(double)43 b(quotes)i(enclosing)f +f(c)m(haracters,)26 b(while)630 2984 y(double)43 b(quotes)i(enclosing)f (the)g(en)m(tire)h(parameter)f(substitution)f(do)h(not,)k(since)c(the) -630 2692 y(expansion)e(is)h(p)s(erformed)e(in)h(a)h(con)m(text)h(that)f +630 3093 y(expansion)e(is)h(p)s(erformed)e(in)h(a)h(con)m(text)h(that)f 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+4124 y(echo)g(${var/abc/$rep})630 4310 y Fu(will)31 b(b)s(oth)e(output) +h(`)p Ft(\\abcxyzdef)p Fu('.)630 4496 y(It)g(should)g(rarely)g(b)s(e)g (necessary)h(to)g(enclose)h(only)e Fr(string)38 b Fu(in)30 -b(double)g(quotes.)630 3988 y(If)j(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d +b(double)g(quotes.)630 4682 y(If)j(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)i(option)h(\(see)h(the)f(description)f(of)h -Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)630 4098 y([The)23 +Ft(shopt)e Fu(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)630 4792 y([The)23 b(Shopt)g(Builtin],)j(page)e(71\))h(is)e(enabled,)i(the)f(matc)m(h)g -(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)630 4208 y(to)31 +(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(without)h(regard)630 4902 y(to)31 b(the)f(case)h(of)g(alphab)s(etic)f(c)m(haracters.)42 b(If)30 b Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(is)30 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p -Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)f(substitution)630 4317 y(op)s(eration)g(is)f +Ft(*)p Fu(',)h(the)f(substitution)630 5011 y(op)s(eration)g(is)f (applied)g(to)h(eac)m(h)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)e(turn,)h(and) 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-b(of)f(indexed)f(and)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys)1110 -4701 y(as)37 b(a)g(sequence)f(of)h(quoted)g(k)m(ey-v)-5 -b(alue)38 b(pairs)e(\(see)h(Section)h(6.7)f([Arra)m(ys],)1110 -4810 y(page)31 b(100\).)630 4966 y Ft(a)432 b Fu(The)30 -b(expansion)g(is)g(a)h(string)f(consisting)h(of)g(\015ag)g(v)-5 -b(alues)30 b(represen)m(ting)h Fr(pa-)1110 5075 y(rameter)7 -b Fu('s)31 b(attributes.)630 5230 y Ft(k)432 b Fu(Lik)m(e)29 -b(the)g(`)p Ft(K)p Fu(')g(transformation,)g(but)f(expands)g(the)g(k)m -(eys)i(and)d(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(of)g(in-)1110 5340 y(dexed)c(and)f(asso) -s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys)d(to)h(separate)f(w)m(ords)g(after)g(w)m(ord)g -(splitting.)p eop end +5340 y(cept)46 b(that)h(it)f(prin)m(ts)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)47 +b(of)f(indexed)f(and)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m(ys)p +eop end %%Page: 34 40 TeXDict begin 34 39 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(34)630 299 -y(If)29 b Fr(parameter)37 b Fu(is)30 b(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p -Ft(*)p 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y(to)f(the)g(standard)e(error) -h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s(ccurs.)150 4950 y Fk(3.5.6)63 -b(Pro)s(cess)42 b(Substitution)150 5097 y Fu(Pro)s(cess)33 -b(substitution)g(allo)m(ws)i(a)e(pro)s(cess's)g(input)f(or)h(output)g -(to)h(b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)i(using)f(a)g(\014lename.)150 -5207 y(It)d(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390 5340 y Ft(<\()p -Fj(list)p Ft(\))p eop end +(expression)f(to)g(b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated.)150 5340 +y(Arithmetic)31 b(expansions)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(nested.)p +eop end %%Page: 35 41 TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(35)150 299 -y(or)390 426 y Ft(>\()p Fj(list)p Ft(\))150 553 y Fu(The)28 -b(pro)s(cess)h Fr(list)j Fu(is)d(run)e(async)m(hronously)-8 -b(,)30 b(and)e(its)i(input)e(or)h(output)f(app)s(ears)h(as)g(a)g -(\014lename.)41 b(This)150 663 y(\014lename)25 b(is)g(passed)g(as)g(an) -g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(command)g(as)g(the)g(result)g -(of)g(the)h(expansion.)38 b(If)150 772 y(the)28 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+(to)i(read)e(input)g(from)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(source)h(un)m(til)g(a) +150 4745 y(line)33 b(con)m(taining)g(only)g Fr(delimiter)39 +b Fu(\(with)32 b(no)g(trailing)i(blanks\))e(is)g(seen.)46 +b(All)33 b(of)f(the)h(lines)f(read)g(up)f(to)150 4854 +y(that)k(p)s(oin)m(t)f(are)g(then)g(used)g(as)g(the)g(standard)g(input) +f(\(or)h(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fr(n)g Fu(if)g Fr(n)g +Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed\))g(for)g(a)150 4964 y(command.)275 +5097 y(The)29 b(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f(is:)390 +5230 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<<[)p Fq(\000)p Ft(])p Fj(word)772 +5340 y(here-document)p eop end %%Page: 41 47 TeXDict begin 41 46 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(41)150 299 -y Fk(3.6.7)63 b(Here)41 b(Strings)150 446 y Fu(A)30 b(v)-5 -b(arian)m(t)32 b(of)e(here)h(do)s(cumen)m(ts,)f(the)g(format)h(is:)390 -600 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<<<)46 b Fj(word)275 753 y Fu(The)29 -b Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(undergo)s(es)c(tilde)i(expansion,)f(parameter)h(and)e -(v)-5 b(ariable)31 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+(the)f(\014le)150 3158 y(descriptor)e(denoted)h(b)m(y)f Fr(n)g Fu(is)g(made)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(a)g(cop)m(y)h(of)g(that)g(\014le)f (descriptor.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(digits)g(in)f Fr(w)m(ord)150 -1975 y Fu(do)c(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)g(op)s(en)g +3268 y Fu(do)c(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)g(op)s(en)g (for)g(input,)g(a)h(redirection)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)40 -b(If)29 b Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(ev)-5 b(aluates)150 2084 y(to)31 +b(If)29 b Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(ev)-5 b(aluates)150 3377 y(to)31 b(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(',)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fr(n)f Fu(is)g(closed.)43 b(If)30 b Fr(n)g Fu(is)g(not)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)f(the)h(standard)f -(input)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))150 2194 y(is)g(used.)275 -2348 y(The)f(op)s(erator)390 2502 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>&)p -Fj(word)150 2655 y Fu(is)40 b(used)g(similarly)h(to)g(duplicate)f +(input)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))150 3487 y(is)g(used.)275 +3623 y(The)f(op)s(erator)390 3760 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]>&)p +Fj(word)150 3897 y Fu(is)40 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y(commands)f(are)h(necessary)g(to)g(implemen)m(t)g (other)g(c)m(hapters:)69 b(builtin)43 b(commands)h(whic)m(h)150 1412 y(pro)m(vide)23 b(the)h(Bash)f(in)m(terface)i(to)f(the)g(job)f (con)m(trol)i(facilities)g(\(see)f(Section)h(7.2)f([Job)f(Con)m(trol)h -(Builtins],)150 1521 y(page)33 b(114\),)i(the)e(directory)g(stac)m(k)h +(Builtins],)150 1521 y(page)33 b(117\),)i(the)e(directory)g(stac)m(k)h (\(see)f(Section)h(6.8.1)g([Directory)g(Stac)m(k)g(Builtins],)g(page)f -(102\),)i(the)150 1631 y(command)23 b(history)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.2)h -([Bash)f(History)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(152\),)h(and)d(the)h +(104\),)i(the)150 1631 y(command)23 b(history)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.2)h +([Bash)f(History)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(155\),)h(and)d(the)h (programmable)150 1740 y(completion)32 b(facilities)g(\(see)g(Section)f -(8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)h(146\).)275 +(8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)h(149\).)275 1868 y(Man)m(y)f(of)f(the)h(builtins)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(b)s(een)e(extended) g(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)g Fu(or)g(Bash.)275 1996 y(Unless)20 b(otherwise)h(noted,)h(eac)m(h)g(builtin)e(command)g(do)s(cumen)m(ted)g @@ -11707,7 +11729,7 @@ Fr(n)p Fu(th)630 677 y(enclosing)c(lo)s(op)f(is)h(exited.)70 b Fr(n)40 b Fu(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(greater)j(than)d(or)i(equal)f(to)h(1.) 70 b(The)40 b(return)630 787 y(status)31 b(is)f(zero)h(unless)f Fr(n)g Fu(is)g(not)h(greater)g(than)g(or)f(equal)h(to)g(1.)150 -946 y Ft(cd)870 1081 y(cd)47 b([-L|[-P)f([-e]])g([-@])h([)p +946 y Ft(cd)870 1081 y(cd)47 b([-L|[-P)f([-e]]])g([-@])h([)p Fj(directory)p Ft(])630 1215 y Fu(Change)27 b(the)g(curren)m(t)f(w)m (orking)h(directory)g(to)h Fr(directory)p Fu(.)40 b(If)26 b Fr(directory)35 b Fu(is)27 b(not)g(supplied,)630 1325 @@ -12024,7 +12046,7 @@ eop end %%Page: 53 59 TeXDict begin 53 58 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(53)630 299 y(Expressions],)39 -b(page)g(96.)64 b Ft(test)37 b Fu(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)i(an)m(y)e +b(page)g(97.)64 b Ft(test)37 b Fu(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)i(an)m(y)e (options,)i(nor)e(do)s(es)f(it)h(accept)630 408 y(and)30 b(ignore)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Ft(--)g Fu(as)h(signifying)f(the)h (end)f(of)g(options.)630 550 y(When)g(the)h Ft([)f Fu(form)g(is)g @@ -12057,7 +12079,7 @@ Fu(',)g(the)g(expression)g(is)g(true)f(if)h(and)f(only)h(if)g(the)1110 3176 y(second)j(argumen)m(t)f(is)h(n)m(ull.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(is)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(unary)1110 3285 y(conditional)42 b(op)s(erators)f(\(see)g(Section)h(6.4)f([Bash)g -(Conditional)g(Expres-)1110 3395 y(sions],)34 b(page)f(96\),)i(the)e +(Conditional)g(Expres-)1110 3395 y(sions],)34 b(page)f(97\),)i(the)e (expression)f(is)h(true)g(if)g(the)g(unary)e(test)j(is)f(true.)47 b(If)1110 3504 y(the)33 b(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(not)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)34 b(unary)e(op)s(erator,)i(the)g(expression)f(is)1110 @@ -12065,7 +12087,7 @@ b(alid)34 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-(is)f(supplied,)g(and)f(non-zero)i(otherwise.)630 3094 +g(c)m(hanged)g(or)g(if)g(no)630 3485 y Fr(mo)s(de)d Fu(argumen)m(t)c +(is)f(supplied,)g(and)f(non-zero)i(otherwise.)630 3611 y(Note)38 b(that)e(when)g(the)g(mo)s(de)g(is)g(in)m(terpreted)h(as)f (an)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)e(eac)m(h)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d(of)630 -3204 y(the)f(umask)g(is)h(subtracted)f(from)f Ft(7)p +3721 y(the)f(umask)g(is)h(subtracted)f(from)f Ft(7)p Fu(.)53 b(Th)m(us,)34 b(a)h(umask)e(of)i Ft(022)e Fu(results)h(in)g(p)s -(ermissions)630 3314 y(of)d Ft(755)p Fu(.)150 3470 y -Ft(unset)870 3604 y(unset)46 b([-fnv])g([)p Fj(name)p -Ft(])630 3737 y Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)36 b(eac)m(h)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 +(ermissions)630 3830 y(of)d Ft(755)p Fu(.)150 3974 y +Ft(unset)870 4100 y(unset)46 b([-fnv])g([)p Fj(name)p +Ft(])630 4226 y Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)36 b(eac)m(h)f(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(or)f(function)f Fr(name)p Fu(.)52 b(If)33 b(the)i Ft(-v)e -Fu(option)h(is)g(giv)m(en,)j(eac)m(h)e Fr(name)630 3846 +Fu(option)h(is)g(giv)m(en,)j(eac)m(h)e Fr(name)630 4336 y Fu(refers)27 b(to)h(a)g(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(and)f(that)h(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)41 b(If)27 b(the)g -Ft(-f)g Fu(option)g(is)h(giv)m(en,)630 3956 y(the)37 +Ft(-f)g Fu(option)g(is)h(giv)m(en,)630 4446 y(the)37 b Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)37 b(refer)f(to)i(shell)f(functions,)h(and)e(the)h (function)g(de\014nition)f(is)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)61 b(If)630 -4066 y(the)34 b Ft(-n)e Fu(option)i(is)f(supplied,)h(and)e +4555 y(the)34 b Ft(-n)e Fu(option)i(is)f(supplied,)h(and)e Fr(name)39 b Fu(is)33 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(with)f(the)h -Ft(nameref)d Fu(attribute,)630 4175 y Fr(name)42 b Fu(will)37 +Ft(nameref)d Fu(attribute,)630 4665 y Fr(name)42 b Fu(will)37 b(b)s(e)f(unset)g(rather)g(than)h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(it)g(references.)60 b Ft(-n)36 b Fu(has)g(no)h(e\013ect)h(if)630 -4285 y(the)h Ft(-f)g Fu(option)g(is)h(supplied.)65 b(If)39 +4774 y(the)h Ft(-f)g Fu(option)g(is)h(supplied.)65 b(If)39 b(no)g(options)h(are)f(supplied,)h(eac)m(h)h Fr(name)j -Fu(refers)39 b(to)h(a)630 4394 y(v)-5 b(ariable;)45 b(if)39 +Fu(refers)39 b(to)h(a)630 4884 y(v)-5 b(ariable;)45 b(if)39 b(there)g(is)g(no)g(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(b)m(y)f(that)h(name,)h(a)f -(function)f(with)g(that)g(name,)j(if)630 4504 y(an)m(y)-8 +(function)f(with)g(that)g(name,)j(if)630 4994 y(an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(is)e(unset.)46 b(Readonly)33 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(and)f(functions)g(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(unset.)46 -b(Some)33 b(shell)630 4614 y(v)-5 b(ariables)29 b(lose)h(their)e(sp)s +b(Some)33 b(shell)630 5103 y(v)-5 b(ariables)29 b(lose)h(their)e(sp)s (ecial)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(if)f(they)h(are)g(unset;)g(suc)m(h)f(b)s(eha) -m(vior)h(is)g(noted)f(in)630 4723 y(the)35 b(description)h(of)f(the)g +m(vior)h(is)g(noted)f(in)630 5213 y(the)35 b(description)h(of)f(the)g (individual)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)56 b(The)34 b(return)g(status)i(is)f -(zero)h(unless)f(a)630 4833 y Fr(name)h Fu(is)30 b(readonly)g(or)h(ma)m -(y)g(not)f(b)s(e)g(unset.)150 5071 y Fs(4.2)68 b(Bash)45 -b(Builtin)g(Commands)150 5230 y Fu(This)c(section)h(describ)s(es)f -(builtin)f(commands)h(whic)m(h)g(are)h(unique)e(to)j(or)e(ha)m(v)m(e)h -(b)s(een)f(extended)g(in)150 5340 y(Bash.)g(Some)30 b(of)h(these)g -(commands)f(are)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(in)g(the)h Fm(posix)e -Fu(standard.)p eop end +(zero)h(unless)f(a)630 5322 y Fr(name)h Fu(is)30 b(readonly)g(or)h(ma)m +(y)g(not)f(b)s(e)g(unset.)p eop end %%Page: 56 62 TeXDict begin 56 61 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(56)150 299 y Ft(alias)870 -435 y(alias)46 b([-p])h([)p Fj(name)p Ft([=)p Fj(value)p -Ft(])d(...)o(])630 571 y Fu(Without)26 b(argumen)m(ts)f(or)g(with)f -(the)h Ft(-p)g Fu(option,)h Ft(alias)e Fu(prin)m(ts)g(the)h(list)h(of)f -(aliases)h(on)f(the)630 680 y(standard)g(output)g(in)g(a)h(form)f(that) -h(allo)m(ws)h(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)g(as)g(input.)39 -b(If)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 790 y(are)j(supplied,)e(an)i(alias)g(is)f +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(56)150 299 y Fs(4.2)68 +b(Bash)45 b(Builtin)g(Commands)150 458 y Fu(This)c(section)h(describ)s +(es)f(builtin)f(commands)h(whic)m(h)g(are)h(unique)e(to)j(or)e(ha)m(v)m +(e)h(b)s(een)f(extended)g(in)150 568 y(Bash.)g(Some)30 +b(of)h(these)g(commands)f(are)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(in)g(the)h +Fm(posix)e Fu(standard.)150 717 y Ft(alias)870 847 y(alias)46 +b([-p])h([)p Fj(name)p Ft([=)p Fj(value)p Ft(])d(...)o(])630 +976 y Fu(Without)26 b(argumen)m(ts)f(or)g(with)f(the)h +Ft(-p)g Fu(option,)h Ft(alias)e Fu(prin)m(ts)g(the)h(list)h(of)f +(aliases)h(on)f(the)630 1086 y(standard)g(output)g(in)g(a)h(form)f +(that)h(allo)m(ws)h(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)g(as)g(input.)39 +b(If)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 1196 y(are)j(supplied,)e(an)i(alias)g(is)f (de\014ned)f(for)h(eac)m(h)h Fr(name)33 b Fu(whose)27 b Fr(v)-5 b(alue)33 b Fu(is)27 b(giv)m(en.)41 b(If)26 -b(no)h Fr(v)-5 b(alue)630 899 y Fu(is)37 b(giv)m(en,)j(the)d(name)g +b(no)h Fr(v)-5 b(alue)630 1305 y Fu(is)37 b(giv)m(en,)j(the)d(name)g (and)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)h(the)f(alias)h(is)f(prin)m(ted.)61 -b(Aliases)38 b(are)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)630 1009 y(Section)31 -b(6.6)h([Aliases],)g(page)f(100.)150 1171 y Ft(bind)870 -1307 y(bind)47 b([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-lpsvPSVX])870 -1417 y(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-q)i Fj(function)p +b(Aliases)38 b(are)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)630 1415 y(Section)31 +b(6.6)h([Aliases],)g(page)f(101.)150 1564 y Ft(bind)870 +1694 y(bind)47 b([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-lpsvPSVX])870 +1803 y(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e([-q)i Fj(function)p Ft(])f([-u)g Fj(function)p Ft(])g([-r)h Fj(keyseq)p Ft(])870 -1526 y(bind)g([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e(-f)j Fj(filename)870 -1636 y Ft(bind)f([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e(-x)j Fj(keyseq:shell-command) -870 1745 y Ft(bind)f([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e Fj(keyseq:function-name) -870 1855 y Ft(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e Fj -(keyseq:readline-command)870 1965 y Ft(bind)i Fj(readline-command-line) -630 2101 y Fu(Displa)m(y)22 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(\(see)f(Chapter)g -(8)g([Command)f(Line)h(Editing],)j(page)e(117\))g(k)m(ey)630 -2210 y(and)36 b(function)g(bindings,)i(bind)d(a)i(k)m(ey)g(sequence)g -(to)h(a)f(Readline)g(function)f(or)h(macro,)630 2320 +1913 y(bind)g([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e(-f)j Fj(filename)870 +2022 y Ft(bind)f([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e(-x)j Fj(keyseq:shell-command) +870 2132 y Ft(bind)f([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e Fj(keyseq:function-name) +870 2242 y Ft(bind)i([-m)g Fj(keymap)p Ft(])e Fj +(keyseq:readline-command)870 2351 y Ft(bind)i Fj(readline-command-line) +630 2481 y Fu(Displa)m(y)22 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(\(see)f(Chapter)g +(8)g([Command)f(Line)h(Editing],)j(page)e(120\))g(k)m(ey)630 +2590 y(and)36 b(function)g(bindings,)i(bind)d(a)i(k)m(ey)g(sequence)g +(to)h(a)f(Readline)g(function)f(or)h(macro,)630 2700 y(or)44 b(set)h(a)g(Readline)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)83 b(Eac)m(h)45 b(non-option)g(argumen)m(t)f(is)g(a)h(command)f(as)g(it)630 -2429 y(w)m(ould)e(app)s(ear)f(in)h(a)h(Readline)g(initialization)i +2809 y(w)m(ould)e(app)s(ear)f(in)h(a)h(Readline)g(initialization)i (\014le)d(\(see)h(Section)g(8.3)g([Readline)g(Init)630 -2539 y(File],)c(page)d(120\),)j(but)c(eac)m(h)h(binding)f(or)g(command) -h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(passed)g(as)h(a)g(separate)630 2648 +2919 y(File],)c(page)d(123\),)j(but)c(eac)m(h)h(binding)f(or)g(command) +h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(passed)g(as)h(a)g(separate)630 3029 y(argumen)m(t;)31 b(e.g.,)h(`)p Ft("\\C-x\\C-r":re-read-init-f)o(ile)p -Fu('.)630 2784 y(Options,)e(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m -(wing)h(meanings:)630 2947 y Ft(-m)e Fj(keymap)66 b Fu(Use)54 +Fu('.)630 3158 y(Options,)e(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g(follo)m +(wing)h(meanings:)630 3308 y Ft(-m)e Fj(keymap)66 b Fu(Use)54 b Fr(k)m(eymap)j Fu(as)d(the)g(k)m(eymap)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(a\013ected)i(b) -m(y)f(the)g(subsequen)m(t)1110 3056 y(bindings.)46 b(Acceptable)34 +m(y)f(the)g(subsequen)m(t)1110 3417 y(bindings.)46 b(Acceptable)34 b Fr(k)m(eymap)i Fu(names)c(are)h Ft(emacs)p Fu(,)f Ft(emacs-standard)p -Fu(,)1110 3166 y Ft(emacs-meta)p Fu(,)99 b Ft(emacs-ctlx)p +Fu(,)1110 3527 y Ft(emacs-meta)p Fu(,)99 b Ft(emacs-ctlx)p Fu(,)f Ft(vi)p Fu(,)j Ft(vi-move)p Fu(,)f Ft(vi-command)p -Fu(,)f(and)1110 3275 y Ft(vi-insert)p Fu(.)81 b Ft(vi)44 +Fu(,)f(and)1110 3636 y Ft(vi-insert)p Fu(.)81 b Ft(vi)44 b Fu(is)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)46 b(to)g Ft(vi-command)c -Fu(\()p Ft(vi-move)h Fu(is)i(also)h(a)1110 3385 y(synon)m(ym\);)30 +Fu(\()p Ft(vi-move)h Fu(is)i(also)h(a)1110 3746 y(synon)m(ym\);)30 b Ft(emacs)f Fu(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f Ft(emacs-standard)p -Fu(.)630 3547 y Ft(-l)384 b Fu(List)31 b(the)f(names)g(of)h(all)g -(Readline)g(functions.)630 3709 y Ft(-p)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)34 +Fu(.)630 3895 y Ft(-l)384 b Fu(List)31 b(the)f(names)g(of)h(all)g +(Readline)g(functions.)630 4045 y Ft(-p)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)34 b(Readline)f(function)g(names)g(and)f(bindings)f(in)i(suc)m(h)f(a)i(w)m -(a)m(y)f(that)1110 3819 y(they)e(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(as)g(input)g(or)g -(in)g(a)h(Readline)g(initialization)i(\014le.)630 3981 +(a)m(y)f(that)1110 4154 y(they)e(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(as)g(input)g(or)g +(in)g(a)h(Readline)g(initialization)i(\014le.)630 4304 y Ft(-P)384 b Fu(List)31 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(function)f(names)g -(and)g(bindings.)630 4143 y Ft(-v)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)25 +(and)g(bindings.)630 4453 y Ft(-v)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)25 b(Readline)f(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(names)f(and)f(v)-5 b(alues)24 -b(in)g(suc)m(h)f(a)i(w)m(a)m(y)f(that)h(they)1110 4253 +b(in)g(suc)m(h)f(a)i(w)m(a)m(y)f(that)h(they)1110 4563 y(can)31 b(b)s(e)e(used)h(as)h(input)e(or)h(in)g(a)h(Readline)g -(initialization)j(\014le.)630 4415 y Ft(-V)384 b Fu(List)31 +(initialization)j(\014le.)630 4712 y Ft(-V)384 b Fu(List)31 b(curren)m(t)f(Readline)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(names)f(and)g(v)-5 -b(alues.)630 4577 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)39 b(Readline)f(k)m(ey)g +b(alues.)630 4862 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)39 b(Readline)f(k)m(ey)g (sequences)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i(macros)g(and)f(the)g(strings)1110 -4687 y(they)d(output)f(in)h(suc)m(h)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)f(they)g -(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(as)h(input)e(or)i(in)g(a)1110 4796 -y(Readline)d(initialization)i(\014le.)630 4959 y Ft(-S)384 +4971 y(they)d(output)f(in)h(suc)m(h)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)f(they)g +(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(as)h(input)e(or)i(in)g(a)1110 5081 +y(Readline)d(initialization)i(\014le.)630 5230 y Ft(-S)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)39 b(Readline)f(k)m(ey)g(sequences)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i -(macros)g(and)f(the)g(strings)1110 5068 y(they)31 b(output.)630 -5230 y Ft(-f)f Fj(filename)1110 5340 y Fu(Read)h(k)m(ey)g(bindings)e -(from)h Fr(\014lename)p Fu(.)p eop end +(macros)g(and)f(the)g(strings)1110 5340 y(they)31 b(output.)p +eop end %%Page: 57 63 TeXDict begin 57 62 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(57)630 299 y Ft(-q)30 -b Fj(function)1110 408 y Fu(Query)g(ab)s(out)g(whic)m(h)g(k)m(eys)h(in) -m(v)m(ok)m(e)h(the)f(named)f Fr(function)p Fu(.)630 564 -y Ft(-u)g Fj(function)1110 673 y Fu(Un)m(bind)f(all)i(k)m(eys)g(b)s -(ound)e(to)i(the)f(named)g Fr(function)p Fu(.)630 829 -y Ft(-r)g Fj(keyseq)66 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(an)m(y)f(curren)m(t)f -(binding)f(for)h Fr(k)m(eyseq)p Fu(.)630 984 y Ft(-x)g -Fj(keyseq:shell-command)1110 1093 y Fu(Cause)35 b Fr(shell-command)k -Fu(to)d(b)s(e)f(executed)h(whenev)m(er)f Fr(k)m(eyseq)j -Fu(is)d(en)m(tered.)1110 1203 y(When)46 b Fr(shell-command)k -Fu(is)c(executed,)51 b(the)46 b(shell)g(sets)g(the)g -Ft(READLINE_)1110 1313 y(LINE)37 b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)38 -b(to)g(the)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)e(the)g(Readline)g(line)g(bu\013er)f -(and)g(the)1110 1422 y Ft(READLINE_POINT)d Fu(and)j Ft(READLINE_MARK)d -Fu(v)-5 b(ariables)39 b(to)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(lo-)1110 -1532 y(cation)46 b(of)f(the)g(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(and)g(the)h(sa) -m(v)m(ed)h(insertion)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(\(the)1110 1641 -y Fr(mark)6 b Fu(\),)38 b(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)62 -b(The)36 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b(to)h(searc)m(h)g(for)f -Fr(\014lename)p Fu(.)44 b(The)31 b(default)g(is)h(system-dep)s(enden)m -(t.)43 b(The)31 b Ft(-d)f Fu(option)630 5340 y(will)h(delete)g(a)g -(builtin)f(loaded)h(with)f Ft(-f)p Fu(.)p eop end +(directories)h(in)p eop end %%Page: 61 67 TeXDict begin 61 66 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(61)630 299 y(If)33 -b(there)i(are)f(no)g(options,)h(a)f(list)h(of)f(the)g(shell)g(builtins) -g(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed.)52 b(The)33 b Ft(-s)g Fu(option)630 -408 y(restricts)j Ft(enable)d Fu(to)j(the)f Fm(posix)f -Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins.)54 b(If)34 b Ft(-s)h Fu(is)g(used)f(with)g -Ft(-f)p Fu(,)i(the)f(new)630 518 y(builtin)30 b(b)s(ecomes)h(a)f(sp)s -(ecial)h(builtin)f(\(see)i(Section)f(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)g -(page)g(77\).)630 650 y(If)24 b(no)g(options)h(are)g(supplied)e(and)h -(a)h Fr(name)k Fu(is)c(not)f(a)h(shell)g(builtin,)g Ft(enable)e -Fu(will)i(attempt)630 759 y(to)c(load)g Fr(name)26 b +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(61)630 299 y(whic)m(h)31 +b(to)h(searc)m(h)g(for)f Fr(\014lename)p Fu(.)44 b(The)31 +b(default)g(is)h(system-dep)s(enden)m(t.)43 b(The)31 +b Ft(-d)f Fu(option)630 408 y(will)h(delete)g(a)g(builtin)f(loaded)h +(with)f Ft(-f)p Fu(.)630 542 y(If)j(there)i(are)f(no)g(options,)h(a)f +(list)h(of)f(the)g(shell)g(builtins)g(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed.)52 +b(The)33 b Ft(-s)g Fu(option)630 651 y(restricts)j Ft(enable)d +Fu(to)j(the)f Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins.)54 +b(If)34 b Ft(-s)h Fu(is)g(used)f(with)g Ft(-f)p Fu(,)i(the)f(new)630 +761 y(builtin)30 b(b)s(ecomes)h(a)f(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(\(see)i +(Section)f(4.4)g([Sp)s(ecial)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(78\).)630 +894 y(If)24 b(no)g(options)h(are)g(supplied)e(and)h(a)h +Fr(name)k Fu(is)c(not)f(a)h(shell)g(builtin,)g Ft(enable)e +Fu(will)i(attempt)630 1003 y(to)c(load)g Fr(name)26 b Fu(from)20 b(a)g(shared)g(ob)5 b(ject)21 b(named)f Fr(name)p Fu(,)j(as)d(if)h(the)f(command)h(w)m(ere)f(`)p Ft(enable)630 -869 y(-f)30 b 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b(that)f(w)m(ere)h(in)e(place)i +(b)s(efore)630 4808 y(the)f(function.)40 b(The)28 b(return)f(status)i +(is)g(zero)g(unless)f Ft(local)f Fu(is)h(used)g(outside)h(a)g +(function,)630 4917 y(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b Fr(name)36 +b Fu(is)30 b(supplied,)f(or)i Fr(name)k Fu(is)c(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 +b(ariable.)150 5074 y Ft(logout)870 5207 y(logout)46 +b([)p Fj(n)p Ft(])630 5340 y Fu(Exit)31 b(a)g(login)g(shell,)g +(returning)e(a)i(status)g(of)f Fr(n)g Fu(to)h(the)g(shell's)f(paren)m +(t.)p eop end %%Page: 62 68 TeXDict begin 62 67 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(62)1061 299 y -Ft([-t])47 b([-u)f Fj(fd)p Ft(])h([-C)g Fj(callback)p +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(62)150 299 y Ft(mapfile)870 +439 y(mapfile)46 b([-d)h Fj(delim)p Ft(])f([-n)h Fj(count)p +Ft(])f([-O)h Fj(origin)p Ft(])f([-s)g Fj(count)p Ft(])1061 +548 y([-t])h([-u)f Fj(fd)p Ft(])h([-C)g Fj(callback)p Ft(])f([-c)g Fj(quantum)p Ft(])g([)p Fj(array)p Ft(])630 -429 y Fu(Read)38 b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)g(in)m(to)j +688 y Fu(Read)38 b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)g(in)m(to)j (the)e(indexed)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fr(arra)m(y)p -Fu(,)i(or)630 539 y(from)28 b(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(fd)k +Fu(,)i(or)630 798 y(from)28 b(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(fd)k Fu(if)c(the)h Ft(-u)f Fu(option)h(is)g(supplied.)39 b(The)28 -b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Ft(MAPFILE)e Fu(is)i(the)630 648 +b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Ft(MAPFILE)e Fu(is)i(the)630 907 y(default)i Fr(arra)m(y)p Fu(.)41 b(Options,)30 b(if)g(supplied,)g(ha)m -(v)m(e)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 799 y Ft(-d)384 +(v)m(e)h(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 1077 y Ft(-d)384 b Fu(The)37 b(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(of)f Fr(delim)g Fu(is)f(used)g(to)h(terminate)h(eac)m(h)g(input)d(line,)1110 -908 y(rather)41 b(than)h(newline.)74 b(If)41 b Fr(delim)h +1187 y(rather)41 b(than)h(newline.)74 b(If)41 b Fr(delim)h Fu(is)g(the)f(empt)m(y)h(string,)j Ft(mapfile)40 b Fu(will)1110 -1018 y(terminate)31 b(a)g(line)g(when)e(it)i(reads)f(a)h(NUL)g(c)m -(haracter.)630 1169 y Ft(-n)384 b Fu(Cop)m(y)30 b(at)h(most)g +1297 y(terminate)31 b(a)g(line)g(when)e(it)i(reads)f(a)h(NUL)g(c)m +(haracter.)630 1467 y Ft(-n)384 b Fu(Cop)m(y)30 b(at)h(most)g Fr(coun)m(t)i Fu(lines.)41 b(If)30 b Fr(coun)m(t)j Fu(is)d(0,)h(all)h -(lines)e(are)h(copied.)630 1319 y Ft(-O)384 b Fu(Begin)31 +(lines)e(are)h(copied.)630 1637 y Ft(-O)384 b Fu(Begin)31 b(assigning)g(to)g Fr(arra)m(y)39 b Fu(at)31 b(index)f Fr(origin)p Fu(.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(index)f(is)g(0.)630 -1470 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Discard)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g Fr(coun)m(t)j -Fu(lines)e(read.)630 1621 y Ft(-t)384 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 +1807 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Discard)31 b(the)f(\014rst)g Fr(coun)m(t)j +Fu(lines)e(read.)630 1977 y Ft(-t)384 b Fu(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g Fr(delim)g Fu(\(default)g(newline\))f(from)g(eac)m(h)i -(line)f(read.)630 1771 y Ft(-u)384 b Fu(Read)31 b(lines)f(from)g +(line)f(read.)630 2147 y Ft(-u)384 b Fu(Read)31 b(lines)f(from)g (\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(fd)j Fu(instead)e(of)f(the)h(standard)e -(input.)630 1922 y Ft(-C)384 b Fu(Ev)-5 b(aluate)26 b +(input.)630 2317 y Ft(-C)384 b Fu(Ev)-5 b(aluate)26 b Fr(callbac)m(k)33 b Fu(eac)m(h)26 b(time)g Fr(quan)m(tum)f Fu(lines)g(are)g(read.)39 b(The)25 b Ft(-c)f Fu(option)1110 -2032 y(sp)s(eci\014es)30 b Fr(quan)m(tum)p Fu(.)630 2182 +2426 y(sp)s(eci\014es)30 b Fr(quan)m(tum)p Fu(.)630 2596 y Ft(-c)384 b Fu(Sp)s(ecify)30 b(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(lines)f (read)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(eac)m(h)g(call)h(to)f Fr(callbac)m(k)p -Fu(.)630 2333 y(If)36 b Ft(-C)g Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(without)g +Fu(.)630 2767 y(If)36 b Ft(-C)g Fu(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(without)g Ft(-c)p Fu(,)h(the)g(default)f(quan)m(tum)g(is)h(5000.)60 -b(When)36 b Fr(callbac)m(k)44 b Fu(is)630 2443 y(ev)-5 +b(When)36 b Fr(callbac)m(k)44 b Fu(is)630 2876 y(ev)-5 b(aluated,)30 b(it)e(is)g(supplied)f(the)h(index)f(of)i(the)f(next)g (arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(assigned)i(and)630 -2552 y(the)39 b(line)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(to)h(that)f(elemen)m(t)i +2986 y(the)39 b(line)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(to)h(that)f(elemen)m(t)i (as)e(additional)h(argumen)m(ts.)66 b Fr(callbac)m(k)47 -b Fu(is)630 2662 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(after)e(the)h(line)g(is)f(read) +b Fu(is)630 3095 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(after)e(the)h(line)g(is)f(read) g(but)g(b)s(efore)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(t)g(is)g(assigned.)630 -2792 y(If)25 b(not)g(supplied)f(with)h(an)g(explicit)i(origin,)g +3235 y(If)25 b(not)g(supplied)f(with)h(an)g(explicit)i(origin,)g Ft(mapfile)c Fu(will)j(clear)g Fr(arra)m(y)34 b Fu(b)s(efore)24 -b(assigning)630 2902 y(to)31 b(it.)630 3032 y Ft(mapfile)41 +b(assigning)630 3345 y(to)31 b(it.)630 3485 y Ft(mapfile)41 b Fu(returns)g(successfully)i(unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)43 b(option)g(or)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)630 -3141 y(supplied,)29 b Fr(arra)m(y)39 b Fu(is)30 b(in)m(v)-5 +3594 y(supplied,)29 b Fr(arra)m(y)39 b Fu(is)30 b(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(or)g(unassignable,)f(or)h Fr(arra)m(y)38 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(an)h(indexed)e(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150 -3292 y Ft(printf)870 3422 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)p -Ft(])g Fj(format)f Ft([)p Fj(arguments)p Ft(])630 3552 +3764 y Ft(printf)870 3904 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)p +Ft(])g Fj(format)f Ft([)p Fj(arguments)p Ft(])630 4044 y Fu(W)-8 b(rite)27 b(the)g(formatted)f Fr(argumen)m(ts)k Fu(to)d(the)f(standard)f(output)h(under)e(the)i(con)m(trol)i(of)e(the) -630 3662 y Fr(format)p Fu(.)66 b(The)39 b Ft(-v)f Fu(option)h(causes)g +630 4153 y Fr(format)p Fu(.)66 b(The)39 b Ft(-v)f Fu(option)h(causes)g (the)g(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(assigned)h(to)h(the)f(v)-5 -b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)630 3771 y Fu(rather)30 b(than)g(b)s(eing)g -(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 3902 +b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(ar)630 4263 y Fu(rather)30 b(than)g(b)s(eing)g +(prin)m(ted)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e(output.)630 4403 y(The)36 b Fr(format)i Fu(is)f(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(string)e(whic)m(h)g (con)m(tains)i(three)e(t)m(yp)s(es)g(of)h(ob)5 b(jects:)53 -b(plain)630 4011 y(c)m(haracters,)41 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(simply)e +b(plain)630 4512 y(c)m(haracters,)41 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(simply)e (copied)i(to)g(standard)f(output,)i(c)m(haracter)g(escap)s(e)e(se-)630 -4121 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to) -g(the)g(standard)f(output,)i(and)f(format)630 4230 y(sp)s +4622 y(quences,)g(whic)m(h)f(are)g(con)m(v)m(erted)h(and)f(copied)g(to) +g(the)g(standard)f(output,)i(and)f(format)630 4732 y(sp)s (eci\014cations,)j(eac)m(h)e(of)g(whic)m(h)f(causes)g(prin)m(ting)g(of) h(the)f(next)h(successiv)m(e)g Fr(argumen)m(t)p Fu(.)630 -4340 y(In)24 b(addition)h(to)g(the)g(standard)f Ft(printf\(1\))e -Fu(formats,)27 b Ft(printf)c Fu(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)630 -4450 y(extensions:)630 4600 y Ft(\045b)384 b Fu(Causes)38 -b Ft(printf)f Fu(to)j(expand)e(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(e)g(sequences)g -(in)f(the)h(cor-)1110 4710 y(resp)s(onding)31 b Fr(argumen)m(t)j -Fu(in)e(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)h(as)g Ft(echo)c(-e)j -Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)1110 4819 y([Bash)e(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).) -630 4970 y Ft(\045q)384 b Fu(Causes)32 b Ft(printf)e -Fu(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f Fr(argumen)m(t)j -Fu(in)d(a)i(format)1110 5080 y(that)e(can)g(b)s(e)e(reused)h(as)h -(shell)f(input.)630 5230 y Ft(\045Q)384 b Fu(lik)m(e)34 -b Ft(\045q)p Fu(,)f(but)f(applies)g(an)m(y)h(supplied)e(precision)i(to) -h(the)e Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(b)s(efore)1110 5340 y(quoting)c(it.)p -eop end +4841 y(In)27 b(addition)g(to)h(the)g(standard)e Ft(printf\(3\))f +Fu(format)j(c)m(haracters)g Ft(csndiouxXeEfFgGaA)p Fu(,)630 +4951 y Ft(printf)h Fu(in)m(terprets)h(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(additional)f +(format)g(sp)s(eci\014ers:)630 5121 y Ft(\045b)384 b +Fu(Causes)38 b Ft(printf)f Fu(to)j(expand)e(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(e)g +(sequences)g(in)f(the)h(cor-)1110 5230 y(resp)s(onding)31 +b Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(in)e(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)h(as)g +Ft(echo)c(-e)j Fu(\(see)h(Section)g(4.2)1110 5340 y([Bash)e(Builtins],) +g(page)g(56\).)p eop end %%Page: 63 69 TeXDict begin 63 68 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 -b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(63)630 299 y Ft(\045\()p -Fj(datefmt)p Ft(\)T)1110 408 y Fu(Causes)29 b Ft(printf)e -Fu(to)j(output)f(the)g(date-time)i(string)e(resulting)h(from)e(using) -1110 518 y Fr(datefm)m(t)45 b Fu(as)d(a)g(format)g(string)g(for)g +b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(63)630 299 y Ft(\045q)384 +b Fu(Causes)32 b Ft(printf)e Fu(to)i(output)g(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f +Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(in)d(a)i(format)1110 408 y(that)42 +b(can)f(b)s(e)g(reused)g(as)g(shell)h(input.)72 b Ft(\045q)41 +b Fu(and)f Ft(\045Q)p Fu(P)h(use)g(the)g(ANSI-C)1110 +518 y(quoting)29 b(st)m(yle)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.1.2.4)h([ANSI-C)e +(Quoting],)h(page)f(6\))h(if)f(an)m(y)1110 628 y(c)m(haracters)g(in)e +(the)h(argumen)m(t)g(string)f(require)h(it,)g(and)f(bac)m(kslash)h +(quoting)1110 737 y(otherwise.)79 b(If)42 b(the)h(format)h(string)f +(uses)f(the)h Ft(printf)e Fr(alternate)k(form)p Fu(,)1110 +847 y(these)31 b(t)m(w)m(o)h(formats)e(quote)h(the)g(argumen)m(t)f +(string)h(using)f(single)h(quotes.)630 1003 y Ft(\045Q)384 +b Fu(lik)m(e)34 b Ft(\045q)p Fu(,)f(but)f(applies)g(an)m(y)h(supplied)e +(precision)i(to)h(the)e Fr(argumen)m(t)j Fu(b)s(efore)1110 +1113 y(quoting)c(it.)630 1270 y Ft(\045\()p Fj(datefmt)p +Ft(\)T)1110 1379 y Fu(Causes)e Ft(printf)e Fu(to)j(output)f(the)g +(date-time)i(string)e(resulting)h(from)e(using)1110 1489 +y Fr(datefm)m(t)45 b Fu(as)d(a)g(format)g(string)g(for)g Ft(strftime)p Fu(\(3\).)74 b(The)41 b(corresp)s(onding)1110 -628 y Fr(argumen)m(t)h Fu(is)e(an)g(in)m(teger)i(represen)m(ting)e(the) -g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)g(since)1110 737 y(the)24 -b(ep)s(o)s(c)m(h.)38 b(Tw)m(o)24 b(sp)s(ecial)h(argumen)m(t)f(v)-5 -b(alues)24 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used:)36 b(-1)25 b(represen)m(ts)1110 -847 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i(represen)m(ts)f(the)g -(time)h(the)f(shell)g(w)m(as)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)1110 -956 y(If)38 b(no)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)i(con)m(v)m +1598 y Fr(argumen)m(t)h Fu(is)e(an)g(in)m(teger)i(represen)m(ting)e +(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(seconds)g(since)1110 1708 +y(the)24 b(ep)s(o)s(c)m(h.)38 b(Tw)m(o)24 b(sp)s(ecial)h(argumen)m(t)f +(v)-5 b(alues)24 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used:)36 b(-1)25 +b(represen)m(ts)1110 1817 y(the)30 b(curren)m(t)g(time,)h(and)e(-2)i +(represen)m(ts)f(the)g(time)h(the)f(shell)g(w)m(as)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.) +1110 1927 y(If)38 b(no)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)i(con)m(v)m (ersion)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)g(if)f(-1)h(had)f(b)s(een)1110 -1066 y(giv)m(en.)k(This)29 b(is)i(an)f(exception)i(to)f(the)f(usual)g -Ft(printf)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior.)630 1219 y(The)d(\045b,)h(\045q,)h(and)e -(\045T)g(directiv)m(es)j(all)e(use)g(the)g(\014eld)f(width)g(and)h -(precision)g(argumen)m(ts)630 1329 y(from)f(the)g(format)h(sp)s -(eci\014cation)g(and)e(write)i(that)f(man)m(y)h(b)m(ytes)f(from)g(\(or) -h(use)e(that)i(wide)630 1439 y(a)42 b(\014eld)g(for\))g(the)h(expanded) -e(argumen)m(t,)k(whic)m(h)d(usually)g(con)m(tains)h(more)f(c)m -(haracters)630 1548 y(than)30 b(the)h(original.)630 1680 -y(Argumen)m(ts)d(to)h(non-string)e(format)i(sp)s(eci\014ers)e(are)h -(treated)h(as)g(C)e(language)j(constan)m(ts,)630 1789 -y(except)22 b(that)g(a)g(leading)g(plus)e(or)h(min)m(us)f(sign)i(is)f -(allo)m(w)m(ed,)k(and)c(if)g(the)g(leading)h(c)m(haracter)h(is)630 -1899 y(a)i(single)g(or)f(double)h(quote,)h(the)f(v)-5 -b(alue)25 b(is)f(the)h(ASCI)s(I)e(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(of)f(the)h(follo)m -(wing)h(c)m(haracter.)630 2030 y(The)31 b Fr(format)i -Fu(is)f(reused)e(as)i(necessary)f(to)i(consume)e(all)h(of)f(the)h -Fr(argumen)m(ts)p Fu(.)44 b(If)30 b(the)i Fr(for-)630 -2140 y(mat)c Fu(requires)e(more)g Fr(argumen)m(ts)k Fu(than)25 -b(are)i(supplied,)e(the)h(extra)h(format)f(sp)s(eci\014cations)630 -2250 y(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)j(as)g(if)f(a)h(zero)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 -b(or)g(n)m(ull)f(string,)h(as)g(appropriate,)g(had)f(b)s(een)g -(supplied.)38 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b(tildes)g(that)f (app)s(ear)f(as)i(the)f(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d(elemen)m(ts)j(of) e(the)g Ft(PATH)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(are)h(not)330 -3258 y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section) -i(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(25.)154 3386 -y(20.)61 b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s +3185 y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section) +i(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(25.)154 3325 +y(21.)61 b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s (e)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 b(When)30 -b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 3495 y(it)33 +b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 3434 y(it)33 b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics)h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f(its)g (completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 b(The)32 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)330 -3605 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f -(timing)h(information.)154 3733 y(21.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f +3544 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f +(timing)h(information.)154 3684 y(22.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f (expanding)h(a)h($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(expansion)g(that)h(app)s(ears)f(within)f(double)h(quotes,)330 -3842 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f +3794 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f (cannot)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 -3952 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s +3903 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s (erator)f(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e -(pattern)330 4061 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) +(pattern)330 4013 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) e(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 -4189 y(22.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h +4153 y(23.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h Ft(time)d Fu(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(if)h(the)f(next)h(tok)m -(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 4299 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 -4427 y(23.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e +(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 4262 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 +4402 y(24.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e (not)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(history)f(expansion)h(within)f(a)h -(double-quoted)g(string,)330 4536 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h -Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 4664 y(24.)61 +(double-quoted)g(string,)330 4512 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h +Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 4652 y(25.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h (error)g(status,)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits.)39 -b(The)24 b(fatal)330 4774 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f +b(The)24 b(fatal)330 4762 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f (the)h Fm(posix)e Fu(standard,)h(and)g(include)g(things)g(lik)m(e)i -(passing)e(incorrect)330 4883 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i +(passing)e(incorrect)330 4871 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i (v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e(for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i -(preceding)f(the)330 4993 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 -5121 y(25.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e -(an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g -(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 5230 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m -(ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 -b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 5340 y(error)30 -b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 -b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop -end -%%Page: 108 114 -TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(108)154 299 y(26.)61 -b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g +(preceding)f(the)330 4981 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 +5121 y(26.)61 b(The)35 b Ft(unset)e Fu(builtin)i(with)g(the)g +Ft(-v)f Fu(option)i(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(returns)g(a)i(fatal)g(error)f(if)g +(it)g(attempts)h(to)330 5230 y(unset)22 b(a)h Ft(readonly)d +Fu(or)i Ft(non-unsettable)c Fu(v)-5 b(ariable,)25 b(or)e(encoun)m(ters) +f(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)23 b(name)f(argumen)m(t)330 5340 +y(that)31 b(is)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(iden)m(ti\014er,)f(whic)m +(h)g(causes)h(a)g(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e(to)g(exit.)p +eop end +%%Page: 110 116 +TeXDict begin 110 115 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(110)154 299 y(27.)61 +b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g (status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s -(ccurs)330 408 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(preceding)e -(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f(other)h -(simple)330 518 y(command.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(an)m(y)g(other)g(simple) -g(command,)h(the)f(shell)g(ab)s(orts)f(execution)i(of)f(that)g -(command,)330 628 y(and)44 b(execution)i(con)m(tin)m(ues)g(at)g(the)f -(top)g(lev)m(el)h(\()p Ft(")p Fu(the)f(shell)h(shall)f(not)g(p)s -(erform)e(an)m(y)i(further)330 737 y(pro)s(cessing)30 -b(of)h(the)f(command)g(in)g(whic)m(h)h(the)f(error)g(o)s(ccurred)p -Ft(")p Fu(\).)154 871 y(27.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e -(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 -b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g Ft(for)330 981 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 -b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g -Ft(select)f Fu(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5 -b(ariable.)154 1115 y(28.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 -b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fr(\014lename)k Fu(in)30 b Ft(.)g -Fr(\014lename)36 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 1249 y(29.)61 -b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)g -(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h(expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an)330 -1358 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 1492 y(30.)61 -b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g(a)f(parameter)h -(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 1626 y(31.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m -(e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f(a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g -(a)h(script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f Ft(.)g Fu(or)h Ft(source)330 -1736 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i -(the)f Ft(eval)f Fu(builtin.)154 1870 y(32.)61 b(While)32 -b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(indirection)f(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)34 -b(it)d(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(applied)g(to)g(the)h(`)p -Ft(#)p Fu(')f(and)f(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(')h(sp)s(ecial)330 -1979 y(parameters.)154 2113 y(33.)61 b(Expanding)21 b(the)h(`)p +(ccurs)330 408 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m(ws)i(the)e +(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 +b(assignmen)m(t)330 518 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i +(when)d(trying)i(to)g(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f +(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 658 y(28.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j +(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 +b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 +768 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g(preceding)e(a)h(sp)s +(ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f(other)h(simple)330 +877 y(command.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)23 b(an)m(y)g(other)g(simple)g(command,)h +(the)f(shell)g(ab)s(orts)f(execution)i(of)f(that)g(command,)330 +987 y(and)44 b(execution)i(con)m(tin)m(ues)g(at)g(the)f(top)g(lev)m(el) +h(\()p Ft(")p Fu(the)f(shell)h(shall)f(not)g(p)s(erform)e(an)m(y)i +(further)330 1096 y(pro)s(cessing)30 b(of)h(the)f(command)g(in)g(whic)m +(h)h(the)f(error)g(o)s(ccurred)p Ft(")p Fu(\).)154 1236 +y(29.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e(exits)h(with)f(an)f +(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 b(ariable)44 +b(in)f(a)g Ft(for)330 1346 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 b(or)f(the)f(selection) +i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g Ft(select)f Fu(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f +(readonly)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 1486 y(30.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e) +34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fr(\014lename)k Fu(in)30 b +Ft(.)g Fr(\014lename)36 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 +1626 y(31.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g +(syn)m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h(expansion)f(results)f(in)h +(an)330 1736 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 +1876 y(32.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g(a)f +(parameter)h(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 2016 +y(33.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f +(a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g(a)h(script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f +Ft(.)g Fu(or)h Ft(source)330 2125 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h +(string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i(the)f Ft(eval)f Fu(builtin.)154 +2265 y(34.)61 b(While)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(indirection)f(is)g(a)m +(v)-5 b(ailable,)34 b(it)d(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(applied)g(to)g(the)h +(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')f(and)f(`)p Ft(?)p Fu(')h(sp)s(ecial)330 +2375 y(parameters.)154 2515 y(35.)61 b(Expanding)21 b(the)h(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')g(sp)s(ecial)h(parameter)f(in)g(a)g(pattern)h(con)m(text)g -(where)f(the)g(expansion)g(is)g(double-)330 2223 y(quoted)31 +(where)f(the)g(expansion)g(is)g(double-)330 2625 y(quoted)31 b(do)s(es)f(not)g(treat)i(the)e Ft($*)g Fu(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g -(double-quoted.)154 2357 y(34.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 +(double-quoted.)154 2765 y(36.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s -(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 2466 -y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 2600 y(35.)61 +(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 2874 +y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 3014 y(37.)61 b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(es)g(not)h(prev)m(en)m(t)f (builtins)g(that)h(tak)m(e)h(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h(as)f(ar-) -330 2710 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h(them)g(as)h(assignmen)m +330 3124 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h(them)g(as)h(assignmen)m (t)g(statemen)m(ts;)46 b(when)38 b(not)i(in)f Fm(posix)f -Fu(mo)s(de,)330 2819 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins)e(lose)h(their)g +Fu(mo)s(de,)330 3233 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins)e(lose)h(their)g (assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(expansion)d(prop)s(erties)g(when)g -(pre-)330 2929 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p Fu(.)154 -3063 y(36.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h(required)f +(pre-)330 3343 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p Fu(.)154 +3483 y(38.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h(required)f (format)h(to)g(describ)s(e)f(eac)m(h)i(job)e(placed)h(in)f(the)h(bac)m -(kground,)330 3173 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g(an)g +(kground,)330 3593 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g(an)g (indication)h(of)f(whether)f(the)h(job)g(is)g(the)h(curren)m(t)e(or)h -(previous)g(job.)154 3306 y(37.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p +(previous)g(job.)154 3733 y(39.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Ft(kill)29 b(-l)p Fu(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g (on)g(a)h(single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 -3416 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -3550 y(38.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) +3842 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 +3982 y(40.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -3684 y(39.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f +4122 y(41.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f Fu(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in)g(the)h -(format)g(re-)330 3794 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p -Fu(.)154 3927 y(40.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g +(format)g(re-)330 4232 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p +Fu(.)154 4372 y(42.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Ft(SIG)p -Fu(.)154 4061 y(41.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g +Fu(.)154 4512 y(43.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e -(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 4171 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e +(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 4622 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g -(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 4281 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g +(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 4731 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330 -4390 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s +4841 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst) -f(argumen)m(t.)154 4524 y(42.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)24 +f(argumen)m(t.)154 4981 y(44.)61 b Ft(trap)29 b(-p)24 b Fu(without)g(argumen)m(ts)g(displa)m(ys)g(signals)g(whose)g(disp)s -(ositions)g(are)g(set)h(to)f(SIG)p 3360 4524 28 4 v 40 -w(DFL)h(and)330 4634 y(those)31 b(that)g(w)m(ere)g(ignored)f(when)g +(ositions)g(are)g(set)h(to)f(SIG)p 3360 4981 28 4 v 40 +w(DFL)h(and)330 5090 y(those)31 b(that)g(w)m(ere)g(ignored)f(when)g (the)g(shell)h(started,)g(not)f(just)g(trapp)s(ed)f(signals.)154 -4768 y(43.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f +5230 y(45.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f Fu(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(directory)h -(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 4877 y(if)30 +(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 5340 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g Ft(PATH)p -Fu(.)154 5011 y(44.)61 b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g -(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)e(setting)i(the)e Ft(inherit_errexit)d -Fu(option,)23 b(so)f(subshells)330 5121 y(spa)m(wned)27 -b(to)i(execute)g(command)e(substitutions)h(inherit)f(the)h(v)-5 -b(alue)28 b(of)g(the)g Ft(-e)f Fu(option)h(from)g(the)330 -5230 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 b(When)37 b(the)g Ft(inherit_errexit)c -Fu(option)38 b(is)f(not)h(enabled,)h(Bash)e(clears)h(the)g -Ft(-e)330 5340 y Fu(option)31 b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)p -eop end -%%Page: 109 115 -TeXDict begin 109 114 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(109)154 299 y(45.)61 -b(Enabling)32 b Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(has)g(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)g -(setting)g(the)g Ft(shift_verbose)28 b Fu(option,)34 -b(so)e(n)m(umeric)330 408 y(argumen)m(ts)f(to)g Ft(shift)f -Fu(that)h(exceed)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(of)h(p)s(ositional)g -(parameters)g(will)g(result)g(in)f(an)330 518 y(error)g(message.)154 -662 y(46.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Ft(alias)f Fu(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i -(alias)g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f -(with)g(a)330 771 y(leading)31 b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g -Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied.)154 915 y(47.)61 b(When)40 -b(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(without)f -(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g(function)330 -1025 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 1169 y(48.)61 -b(When)36 b(the)g Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i -(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 -b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 1278 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i -(con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result) -g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 1388 y(c)m(haracters.)154 -1532 y(49.)61 b(When)35 b(the)h Ft(cd)e Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m -(ed)g(in)f(logical)j(mo)s(de,)e(and)f(the)h(pathname)f(constructed)g -(from)330 1641 y Ft($PWD)i Fu(and)h(the)h(directory)f(name)h(supplied)e -(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g(an)f(existing)330 -1751 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Ft(cd)d Fu(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f +Fu(.)p eop end +%%Page: 111 117 +TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(111)154 299 y(46.)61 +b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)e +(setting)i(the)e Ft(inherit_errexit)d Fu(option,)23 b(so)f(subshells) +330 408 y(spa)m(wned)27 b(to)i(execute)g(command)e(substitutions)h +(inherit)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)g(the)g Ft(-e)f +Fu(option)h(from)g(the)330 518 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 +b(When)37 b(the)g Ft(inherit_errexit)c Fu(option)38 b(is)f(not)h +(enabled,)h(Bash)e(clears)h(the)g Ft(-e)330 628 y Fu(option)31 +b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)154 765 y(47.)61 b(Enabling)32 +b Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de)h(has)g(the)h(e\013ect)g(of)g(setting)g(the)g +Ft(shift_verbose)28 b Fu(option,)34 b(so)e(n)m(umeric)330 +874 y(argumen)m(ts)f(to)g Ft(shift)f Fu(that)h(exceed)h(the)e(n)m(um)m +(b)s(er)g(of)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)g(will)g(result)g(in)f(an)330 +984 y(error)g(message.)154 1121 y(48.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g +Ft(alias)f Fu(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do) +s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a)330 1230 y(leading)31 +b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f +(supplied.)154 1367 y(49.)61 b(When)40 b(the)g Ft(set)f +Fu(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es) +f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g(function)330 1477 y(names)30 +b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 1614 y(50.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g +Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f +(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 +1724 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i(con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m +(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result)g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m +(ting)330 1833 y(c)m(haracters.)154 1970 y(51.)61 b(When)35 +b(the)h Ft(cd)e Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)g(in)f(logical)j(mo) +s(de,)e(and)f(the)h(pathname)f(constructed)g(from)330 +2080 y Ft($PWD)i Fu(and)h(the)h(directory)f(name)h(supplied)e(as)i(an)f +(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g(an)f(existing)330 +2189 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Ft(cd)d Fu(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f (falling)h(bac)m(k)h(to)f(ph)m(ysical)g(mo)s(de.)154 -1895 y(50.)61 b(When)37 b(the)h Ft(cd)f Fu(builtin)g(cannot)h(c)m +2326 y(52.)61 b(When)37 b(the)h Ft(cd)f Fu(builtin)g(cannot)h(c)m (hange)h(a)f(directory)g(b)s(ecause)g(the)g(length)g(of)f(the)h -(pathname)330 2004 y(constructed)27 b(from)g Ft($PWD)f +(pathname)330 2436 y(constructed)27 b(from)g Ft($PWD)f Fu(and)h(the)g(directory)h(name)f(supplied)f(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)g -(exceeds)h Ft(PATH_)330 2114 y(MAX)d Fu(when)g(all)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g +(exceeds)h Ft(PATH_)330 2545 y(MAX)d Fu(when)g(all)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g (links)g(are)g(expanded,)g Ft(cd)f Fu(will)h(fail)h(instead)f(of)g -(attempting)h(to)f(use)g(only)330 2224 y(the)31 b(supplied)e(directory) -i(name.)154 2367 y(51.)61 b(The)36 b Ft(pwd)f Fu(builtin)h(v)m +(attempting)h(to)f(use)g(only)330 2655 y(the)31 b(supplied)e(directory) +i(name.)154 2792 y(53.)61 b(The)36 b Ft(pwd)f Fu(builtin)h(v)m (eri\014es)h(that)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(it)g(prin)m(ts)e(is)i(the)f (same)h(as)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(directory)-8 b(,)330 -2477 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m(ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h +2902 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m(ed)h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h (the)f(\014le)f(system)h(with)f(the)h Ft(-P)e Fu(option.)154 -2621 y(52.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 +3039 y(54.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Ft(fc)g Fu(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(include)g(an)f -(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 2730 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m -(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 2874 y(53.)61 +(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 3148 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m +(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 3285 y(55.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g Ft(fc)g -Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 3018 y(54.)61 b(The)37 b Ft(type)g -Fu(and)g Ft(command)f Fu(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort)f(a)i -(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330 -3128 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g +Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 3422 y(56.)61 b(If)38 b(there)h(are)g(to)s(o)g +(man)m(y)g(argumen)m(ts)g(supplied)e(to)i Ft(fc)30 b(-s)p +Fu(,)40 b Ft(fc)e Fu(prin)m(ts)g(an)h(error)f(message)i(and)330 +3532 y(returns)29 b(failure.)154 3669 y(57.)61 b(The)37 +b Ft(type)g Fu(and)g Ft(command)f Fu(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort) +f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330 +3778 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g (execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named) -g(\014le)330 3237 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154 -3381 y(55.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m +g(\014le)330 3888 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154 +4025 y(58.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m (ok)m(e)i(the)e Ft(vi)g Fu(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p -Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 3491 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m -(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 3634 -y(56.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j +Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 4134 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m +(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 4271 +y(59.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j (Bash)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 -3744 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Ft(echo)e Fu(as)i(options.)54 +4381 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Ft(echo)e Fu(as)i(options.)54 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e) -g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 3854 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154 -3998 y(57.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(ulimit)f Fu(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m +g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 4491 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154 +4628 y(60.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(ulimit)f Fu(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m (k)g(size)g(of)g(512)g(b)m(ytes)g(for)f(the)h Ft(-c)f -Fu(and)g Ft(-f)f Fu(options.)154 4141 y(58.)61 b(The)39 +Fu(and)g Ft(-f)f Fu(options.)154 4765 y(61.)61 b(The)39 b(arriv)-5 b(al)41 b(of)f Ft(SIGCHLD)e Fu(when)h(a)h(trap)g(is)g(set)h (on)f Ft(SIGCHLD)e Fu(do)s(es)h(not)h(in)m(terrupt)g(the)g -Ft(wait)330 4251 y Fu(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f +Ft(wait)330 4874 y Fu(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f (immediately)-8 b(.)62 b(The)37 b(trap)f(command)h(is)g(run)e(once)j -(for)f(eac)m(h)330 4361 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)154 -4504 y(59.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(in)m +(for)f(eac)m(h)330 4984 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)154 +5121 y(62.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(in)m (terrupted)h(b)m(y)g(a)h(signal)f(for)g(whic)m(h)g(a)h(trap)f(has)g(b)s -(een)f(set.)40 b(If)27 b(Bash)330 4614 y(receiv)m(es)41 +(een)f(set.)40 b(If)27 b(Bash)330 5230 y(receiv)m(es)41 b(a)f(trapp)s(ed)e(signal)i(while)f(executing)h Ft(read)p Fu(,)h(the)e(trap)h(handler)e(executes)i(and)f Ft(read)330 -4724 y Fu(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)i(status)e(greater)i(than)e(128.)154 -4867 y(60.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(printf)f Fu(builtin)i(uses)f -Ft(double)f Fu(\(via)j Ft(strtod)p Fu(\))d(to)j(con)m(v)m(ert)g -(argumen)m(ts)f(corresp)s(onding)f(to)330 4977 y(\015oating)40 -b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(con)m(v)m(ersion)h(sp)s(eci\014ers,)h(instead)e(of)g -Ft(long)29 b(double)38 b Fu(if)h(it's)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)69 -b(The)39 b(`)p Ft(L)p Fu(')330 5087 y(length)31 b(mo)s(di\014er)e -(forces)i Ft(printf)e Fu(to)i(use)f Ft(long)f(double)g -Fu(if)h(it's)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)154 5230 y(61.)61 -b(Bash)27 b(remo)m(v)m(es)h(an)e(exited)i(bac)m(kground)e(pro)s(cess's) -h(status)g(from)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(suc)m(h)f(statuses)h(after)330 -5340 y(the)k Ft(wait)e Fu(builtin)h(is)g(used)g(to)h(obtain)g(it.)p +5340 y Fu(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)i(status)e(greater)i(than)e(128.)p eop end -%%Page: 110 116 -TeXDict begin 110 115 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(110)275 299 y(There)34 -b(is)g(other)h Fm(posix)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(that)g(Bash)g(do)s(es)f -(not)h(implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m(en)i(when)d(in)150 -408 y Fm(posix)d Fu(mo)s(de.)40 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199 -549 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(fc)f Fu(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i -Ft($EDITOR)c 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+(haracter)g(\(`)p Ft(")p Fu('\))g(is)f(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)h(when)e +(it)h(app)s(ears)f(in)h(a)g(bac)m(kquoted)330 1000 y(command)24 +b(substitution)f(in)h(the)g(b)s(o)s(dy)e(of)i(a)g(here-do)s(cumen)m(t)g +(that)h(undergo)s(es)e(expansion.)38 b(That)330 1110 +y(means,)29 b(for)f(example,)i(that)f(a)g(bac)m(kslash)g(preceding)f(a) +h(double)f(quote)h(c)m(haracter)h(will)f(escap)s(e)f(it)330 +1219 y(and)i(the)g(bac)m(kslash)h(will)g(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)154 +1351 y(66.)61 b(Command)25 b(substitutions)g(don't)g(set)h(the)g(`)p +Ft(?)p Fu(')g(sp)s(ecial)g(parameter.)40 b(The)25 b(exit)h(status)g(of) +g(a)g(simple)330 1461 y(command)i(without)g(a)h(command)f(w)m(ord)f(is) +i(still)g(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h(command)f(substi-)330 +1570 y(tution)f(that)h(o)s(ccurred)e(while)h(ev)-5 b(aluating)28 +b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(and)e(redirections)i(in)e +(that)330 1680 y(command,)h(but)f(that)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(happ)s(en)d 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y(lev)m(el)d(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)e(set)i(using)e (the)i(corresp)s(onding)e Ft(compat)p Fr(NN)41 b Fu(shopt)33 b(option.)50 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(bash-4.3)f(and)g(later)150 -5062 y(v)m(ersions,)40 b(the)e Ft(BASH_COMPAT)d Fu(v)-5 +1619 y(v)m(ersions,)40 b(the)e Ft(BASH_COMPAT)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(is)e(preferred,)i(and)e(it)i(is)f(required)f(for)g -(bash-5.1)i(and)e(later)150 5172 y(v)m(ersions.)150 5340 -y Ft(compat31)p eop end -%%Page: 111 117 -TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(111)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(quoting)34 b(the)g(rhs)e(of)i(the)f Ft([[)g Fu(command's)h(regexp) -f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erator)f(\(=)p Ft(~)p Fu(\))f(has)810 -408 y(no)d(sp)s(ecial)h(e\013ect)150 568 y Ft(compat32)705 -702 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)m(terrupting)28 b(a)g(command)g(list)h(suc)m -(h)f(as)g Ft(")p Fu(a)g(;)h(b)f(;)h(c)p Ft(")f Fu(causes)h(the)f -(execution)h(of)g(the)810 812 y(next)j(command)f(in)g(the)h(list)g -(\(in)f(bash-4.0)h(and)f(later)i(v)m(ersions,)f(the)g(shell)f(acts)i -(as)810 922 y(if)i(it)i(receiv)m(ed)f(the)g(in)m(terrupt,)h(so)f(in)m -(terrupting)f(one)h(command)f(in)g(a)h(list)g(ab)s(orts)810 -1031 y(the)31 b(execution)g(of)g(the)f(en)m(tire)i(list\))150 -1191 y Ft(compat40)705 1325 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 -b(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(to)g(the)g -Ft([[)f Fu(command)h(do)f(not)h(consider)f(the)h(curren)m(t)810 -1435 y(lo)s(cale)41 b(when)d(comparing)i(strings;)k(they)c(use)f(ASCI)s -(I)f(ordering.)67 b(Bash)40 b(v)m(ersions)810 1544 y(prior)f(to)i -(bash-4.1)f(use)g(ASCI)s(I)e(collation)k(and)d(strcmp\(3\);)45 -b(bash-4.1)c(and)e(later)810 1654 y(use)30 b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s -(cale's)i(collation)h(sequence)d(and)g(strcoll\(3\).)150 -1813 y Ft(compat41)705 1948 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)29 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s -(de,)i Ft(time)e Fu(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(options)g -(and)g(still)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j(as)810 2057 y(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m -(ord)g(\(this)h(is)f Fm(posix)g Fu(in)m(terpretation)i(267\))705 -2192 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)37 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de,)i(the)g(parser)e -(requires)g(that)i(an)f(ev)m(en)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(single)g -(quotes)810 2301 y(o)s(ccur)28 b(in)g(the)h Fr(w)m(ord)i -Fu(p)s(ortion)d(of)h(a)g(double-quoted)f($)p Fi({)6 b -Fu(.)23 b(.)f(.)11 b Fi(})29 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)810 -2411 y(and)34 b(treats)h(them)f(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(,)37 -b(so)e(that)g(c)m(haracters)g(within)f(the)h(single)g(quotes)g(are)810 -2521 y(considered)30 b(quoted)h(\(this)f(is)h Fm(posix)e -Fu(in)m(terpretation)j(221\))150 2680 y Ft(compat42)705 -2814 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)29 b(replacemen)m(t)i(string)e(in)g +(bash-5.1)i(and)e(later)150 1729 y(v)m(ersions.)150 1908 +y Ft(compat31)705 2049 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(quoting)34 b(the)g(rhs)e(of)i +(the)f Ft([[)g Fu(command's)h(regexp)f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erator)f(\(=) +p Ft(~)p Fu(\))f(has)810 2159 y(no)d(sp)s(ecial)h(e\013ect)150 +2331 y Ft(compat32)705 2472 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)m(terrupting)28 +b(a)g(command)g(list)h(suc)m(h)f(as)g Ft(")p Fu(a)g(;)h(b)f(;)h(c)p +Ft(")f Fu(causes)h(the)f(execution)h(of)g(the)810 2582 +y(next)j(command)f(in)g(the)h(list)g(\(in)f(bash-4.0)h(and)f(later)i(v) +m(ersions,)f(the)g(shell)f(acts)i(as)810 2692 y(if)i(it)i(receiv)m(ed)f +(the)g(in)m(terrupt,)h(so)f(in)m(terrupting)f(one)h(command)f(in)g(a)h +(list)g(ab)s(orts)810 2801 y(the)31 b(execution)g(of)g(the)f(en)m(tire) +i(list\))150 2974 y Ft(compat40)705 3115 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(the)35 b(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h +(to)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(command)h(do)f(not)h(consider)f(the)h(curren)m +(t)810 3225 y(lo)s(cale)41 b(when)d(comparing)i(strings;)k(they)c(use)f +(ASCI)s(I)f(ordering.)67 b(Bash)40 b(v)m(ersions)810 +3334 y(prior)f(to)i(bash-4.1)f(use)g(ASCI)s(I)e(collation)k(and)d +(strcmp\(3\);)45 b(bash-4.1)c(and)e(later)810 3444 y(use)30 +b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)i(collation)h(sequence)d(and)g +(strcoll\(3\).)150 3616 y Ft(compat41)705 3758 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(in)29 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de,)i Ft(time)e Fu(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(follo) +m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(options)g(and)g(still)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j(as)810 +3867 y(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(\(this)h(is)f Fm(posix)g +Fu(in)m(terpretation)i(267\))705 4008 y Fq(\017)60 b +Fu(in)37 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de,)i(the)g(parser)e(requires)g(that)i(an)f +(ev)m(en)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(single)g(quotes)810 +4118 y(o)s(ccur)28 b(in)g(the)h Fr(w)m(ord)i Fu(p)s(ortion)d(of)h(a)g +(double-quoted)f($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)23 b(.)f(.)11 b Fi(})29 +b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)810 4227 y(and)34 b(treats)h(them)f(sp)s +(ecially)-8 b(,)37 b(so)e(that)g(c)m(haracters)g(within)f(the)h(single) +g(quotes)g(are)810 4337 y(considered)30 b(quoted)h(\(this)f(is)h +Fm(posix)e Fu(in)m(terpretation)j(221\))150 4510 y Ft(compat42)705 +4651 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)29 b(replacemen)m(t)i(string)e(in)g (double-quoted)h(pattern)f(substitution)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(un-)810 -2924 y(dergo)h(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)32 b(as)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(in)g -(v)m(ersions)h(after)g(bash-4.2)705 3059 y Fq(\017)60 +4760 y(dergo)h(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)32 b(as)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(in)g +(v)m(ersions)h(after)g(bash-4.2)705 4902 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)39 b(p)s(osix)g(mo)s(de,)j(single)e(quotes)g(are)g(considered)f -(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 3168 y Fr(w)m(ord)d +(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 5011 y Fr(w)m(ord)d Fu(p)s(ortion)c(of)g(a)h(double-quoted)g($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)f(and)g(can)h -(b)s(e)810 3278 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g +(b)s(e)810 5121 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g (other)h(sp)s(ecial)f(c)m(haracter)i(\(this)e(is)g(part)g(of)810 -3387 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 +5230 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 b(in)36 b(later)h(v)m(ersions,)h(single)f(quotes)g(are)g(not)f(sp)s -(ecial)810 3497 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 -3656 y Ft(compat43)705 3791 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 -b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(prin)m(t)f(a)h(w)m(arning)g(message)h(if)f -(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a)810 3900 y(quoted)36 -b(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(as)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(declare)h -(\(e.g.,)i(declare)d(-a)810 4010 y(fo)s(o='\(1)31 b(2\)'\).)42 -b(Later)31 b(v)m(ersions)g(w)m(arn)f(that)h(this)f(usage)h(is)g -(deprecated)705 4144 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 b(expansion)g(errors) -g(are)h(considered)f(non-fatal)h(errors)f(that)h(cause)g(the)f(curren)m -(t)810 4254 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de) -h(\(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(to)g(mak)m(e)h(them)810 -4364 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 -4498 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i -(the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38 -b(not)810 4608 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e -Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s -(ops)810 4717 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 -b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810 -4827 y(this)150 4986 y Ft(compat44)705 5121 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(the)41 b(shell)g(sets)g(up)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)41 -b(used)f(b)m(y)h Ft(BASH_ARGV)d Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGC)e -Fu(so)j(they)810 5230 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s -(ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810 -5340 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)p eop end -%%Page: 112 118 -TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(112)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g(its)g(paren)m(t)g -(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810 -408 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 -b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810 -518 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 653 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(builtins)f(lik)m -(e)i Ft(export)d Fu(and)h Ft(readonly)e Fu(that)j(set)810 -762 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 -b(ariables)37 b(with)g(the)f(same)h(name)g(in)g(the)f(calling)810 -872 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h -(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 1031 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g -(BASH_COMPAT\))705 1141 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 +(ecial)810 5340 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)p +eop end +%%Page: 114 120 +TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(114)150 299 y Ft(compat43)705 +434 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(prin)m(t)f(a)h +(w)m(arning)g(message)h(if)f(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a) +810 544 y(quoted)36 b(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(as)g(an)g(argumen)m +(t)g(to)g(declare)h(\(e.g.,)i(declare)d(-a)810 653 y(fo)s(o='\(1)31 +b(2\)'\).)42 b(Later)31 b(v)m(ersions)g(w)m(arn)f(that)h(this)f(usage)h +(is)g(deprecated)705 789 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 +b(expansion)g(errors)g(are)h(considered)f(non-fatal)h(errors)f(that)h +(cause)g(the)f(curren)m(t)810 898 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e +(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)h(\(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(to)g +(mak)m(e)h(them)810 1008 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g +(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 1143 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 +b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i(the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h +(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38 b(not)810 1253 y(reset,)c(so)g +Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g +(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s(ops)810 1363 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h +(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g +(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810 1472 y(this)150 1633 +y Ft(compat44)705 1769 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)41 b(shell)g(sets)g(up)e +(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(used)f(b)m(y)h Ft(BASH_ARGV)d +Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGC)e Fu(so)j(they)810 1878 y(can)26 +b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h +(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810 1988 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)705 +2123 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g +(its)g(paren)m(t)g(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i +Ft(continue)810 2233 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i +(exit.)54 b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g +(to)810 2342 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 2478 y +Fq(\017)60 b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(preceding)f +(builtins)f(lik)m(e)i Ft(export)d Fu(and)h Ft(readonly)e +Fu(that)j(set)810 2587 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g +(a\013ect)g(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(with)g(the)f(same)h(name)g(in)g(the)f +(calling)810 2697 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g +(is)f(not)h(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 2858 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h +(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 2968 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f -(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 1250 y(randomness.)39 +(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 3077 y(randomness.)39 b(If)30 b(the)f(shell)h(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m(el)f(is)f(set)g(to)h -(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 1360 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s +(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 3187 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s (d)f(from)g(bash-5.0)h(and)f(previous)g(v)m(ersions,)i(so)e(seeding)h -(the)g(random)810 1469 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e +(the)g(random)810 3296 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e (assigning)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(to)g Ft(RANDOM)e Fu(will)i(pro)s -(duce)e(the)i(same)810 1579 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 -1714 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f +(duce)e(the)i(same)810 3406 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 +3541 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f (empt)m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(Bash)d(v)m(ersions)g(prior)g(to)h(bash-5.1)f -(prin)m(ted)810 1823 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g +(prin)m(ted)810 3651 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g (e\013ect,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)d(pro)s(ducing)g(output)h(that)810 -1933 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 +3761 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 b(suppresses)c(that)j(message)g(when)e(the)i Ft(-l)810 -2042 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 2202 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h -(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 2311 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 +3870 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 4031 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h +(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 4141 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(will)h(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g Ft(a)g Fu(giv)m(en)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)h(`)p -Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 2421 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m +Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 4251 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m (t)i(with)e(k)m(ey)i(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')e(\(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m -(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 2531 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without) +(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 4360 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without) e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))705 -2665 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 +4495 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 b(\))f(and)34 b(the)g(expressions)h(in)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(for)810 -2775 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -2909 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h +4605 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +4740 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h (arithmetic)f(op)s(erators)g(in)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(conditional)810 -3019 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -3153 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e +4850 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +4985 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e (parameter)j(brace)f(expansion)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(expanded)810 -3263 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3397 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 +5095 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 b(expressions)f(in)g(the)h($\(\()h(...)66 b(\)\))f(w)m(ord)39 -b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 3507 -y(than)30 b(once)705 3641 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 -b(expressions)f(used)f(as)h(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(subscripts)d(can)i(b)s -(e)g(expanded)810 3751 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3885 -y Fq(\017)60 b Ft(test)29 b(-v)p Fu(,)35 b(when)f(giv)m(en)h(an)g +b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 5340 +y(than)30 b(once)p eop end +%%Page: 115 121 +TeXDict begin 115 120 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(115)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(expressions)f(used)f(as)h(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i +(subscripts)d(can)i(b)s(e)g(expanded)810 408 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 +543 y Fq(\017)60 b Ft(test)29 b(-v)p Fu(,)35 b(when)f(giv)m(en)h(an)g (argumen)m(t)g(of)f(`)p Ft(A[@])p Fu(',)h(where)f Fr(A)h -Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 3995 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 +Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 653 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)37 b(will)d(return)f(true)g(if)h(the)h(arra)m(y)f(has)g(an)m(y)g -(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 4105 y(will)31 -b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(and)g(rep)s(ort)f(on)i(a)f(k)m(ey)i(named)d(`)p -Ft(@)p Fu(')705 4239 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p -Fr(parameter)7 b Fu([:]=)p Fr(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fi(})42 -b Fu(w)m(ord)e(expansion)f(will)i(return)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)p -Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 4349 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 -b(transformations)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(p)s(erformed)f(\(e.g.,)36 -b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 4458 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 -b(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(return)e(the)i(\014nal)f(v)-5 -b(alue)31 b(assigned)f(to)i(the)e(v)-5 b(ariable.)705 -4593 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(P)m(arsing)37 b(command)f(substitutions)g(will)g -(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(as)g(if)f(extended)g(glob)h(\(see)g(Sec-)810 -4702 y(tion)30 b(4.3.2)h([The)f(Shopt)f(Builtin],)h(page)h(71\))f(is)g -(enabled,)g(so)g(that)g(parsing)f(a)h(com-)810 4812 y(mand)38 -b(substitution)g(con)m(taining)i(an)f(extglob)h(pattern)f(\(sa)m(y)-8 -b(,)42 b(as)d(part)g(of)g(a)g(shell)810 4922 y(function\))30 -b(will)h(not)g(fail.)41 b(This)30 b(assumes)g(the)h(in)m(ten)m(t)g(is)g -(to)g(enable)g(extglob)g(b)s(efore)810 5031 y(the)i(command)f(is)g -(executed)h(and)f(w)m(ord)g(expansions)g(are)h(p)s(erformed.)45 -b(It)33 b(will)f(fail)810 5141 y(at)42 b(w)m(ord)f(expansion)h(time)g -(if)f(extglob)i(hasn't)e(b)s(een)g(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(time)g(the) -810 5250 y(command)30 b(is)h(executed.)p eop end -%%Page: 113 119 -TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(113)150 299 +(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 762 y(will)31 b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f +(and)g(rep)s(ort)f(on)i(a)f(k)m(ey)i(named)d(`)p Ft(@)p +Fu(')705 897 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p Fr(parameter)7 +b Fu([:]=)p Fr(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fi(})42 b Fu(w)m(ord)e(expansion)f(will) +i(return)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)p Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 +1006 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 b(transformations)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h +(b)s(een)e(p)s(erformed)f(\(e.g.,)36 b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 +1116 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 b(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(return)e(the)i +(\014nal)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(assigned)f(to)i(the)e(v)-5 +b(ariable.)705 1250 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(P)m(arsing)37 b(command)f +(substitutions)g(will)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(as)g(if)f(extended)g(glob)h +(\(see)g(Sec-)810 1360 y(tion)30 b(4.3.2)h([The)f(Shopt)f(Builtin],)h +(page)h(71\))f(is)g(enabled,)g(so)g(that)g(parsing)f(a)h(com-)810 +1469 y(mand)38 b(substitution)g(con)m(taining)i(an)f(extglob)h(pattern) +f(\(sa)m(y)-8 b(,)42 b(as)d(part)g(of)g(a)g(shell)810 +1579 y(function\))30 b(will)h(not)g(fail.)41 b(This)30 +b(assumes)g(the)h(in)m(ten)m(t)g(is)g(to)g(enable)g(extglob)g(b)s +(efore)810 1689 y(the)i(command)f(is)g(executed)h(and)f(w)m(ord)g +(expansions)g(are)h(p)s(erformed.)45 b(It)33 b(will)f(fail)810 +1798 y(at)42 b(w)m(ord)f(expansion)h(time)g(if)f(extglob)i(hasn't)e(b)s +(een)g(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(time)g(the)810 1908 y(command)30 +b(is)h(executed.)p eop end +%%Page: 116 122 +TeXDict begin 116 121 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(116)150 299 y Fp(7)80 b(Job)54 b(Con)l(trol)150 518 y Fu(This)25 b(c)m(hapter)i(discusses)f(what)g(job)f(con)m(trol)j(is,)f(ho)m(w)f(it) h(w)m(orks,)g(and)f(ho)m(w)g(Bash)g(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)g(to)g(access) @@ -16482,9 +16688,9 @@ h Ft(jobs)e Fu(command\),)k(the)d(curren)m(t)h(job)f(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys) i(\015agged)f(with)f(a)h(`)p Ft(+)p Fu(',)i(and)d(the)150 5340 y(previous)30 b(job)g(with)g(a)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)p eop end -%%Page: 114 120 -TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 -b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(114)275 299 y(A)38 b(job)g(ma)m(y)h(also)g +%%Page: 117 123 +TeXDict begin 117 122 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 +b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(117)275 299 y(A)38 b(job)g(ma)m(y)h(also)g (b)s(e)f(referred)f(to)j(using)d(a)i(pre\014x)e(of)i(the)f(name)h(used) e(to)i(start)g(it,)i(or)e(using)f(a)150 408 y(substring)g(that)j(app)s (ears)e(in)g(its)h(command)f(line.)69 b(F)-8 b(or)41 @@ -16562,9 +16768,9 @@ b(The)30 b(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(meanings:)630 5340 y Ft(-l)384 b Fu(List)31 b(pro)s(cess)f Fm(id)p Fu(s)g(in)g(addition)h(to)g(the)f(normal)h(information.)p eop end -%%Page: 115 121 -TeXDict begin 115 120 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 -b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(115)630 299 y Ft(-n)384 +%%Page: 118 124 +TeXDict begin 118 123 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 +b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(118)630 299 y Ft(-n)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)26 b(information)f(only)h(ab)s(out)e(jobs)h(that)g(ha)m (v)m(e)i(c)m(hanged)e(status)h(since)1110 408 y(the)31 b(user)e(w)m(as)i(last)g(noti\014ed)f(of)h(their)f(status.)630 @@ -16653,9 +16859,9 @@ b(If)27 b Ft(wait)g Fu(is)g(in)m(terrupted)g(b)m(y)h(a)g(signal,)h(the) f(return)630 5340 y(status)j(will)f(b)s(e)g(greater)i(than)e(128,)i(as) e(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(\(see)h(Section)f(3.7.6)h([Signals],) p eop end -%%Page: 116 122 -TeXDict begin 116 121 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 -b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(116)630 299 y(page)33 b(45\).)48 +%%Page: 119 125 +TeXDict begin 119 124 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 +b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(119)630 299 y(page)33 b(45\).)48 b(Otherwise,)32 b(the)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(the)g(exit)i(status)e (of)h(the)f(last)h(pro)s(cess)f(or)630 408 y(job)e(w)m(aited)h(for.)150 568 y Ft(disown)870 702 y(disown)46 b([-ar])g([-h])h([)p @@ -16710,14 +16916,14 @@ Fu(',)d(the)i(string)g(supplied)e(needs)i(to)g(matc)m(h)h(a)f 62 b(The)37 b(`)p Ft(substring)p Fu(')e(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(pro)m(vides)f(functionalit)m(y)i(analogous)g(to)630 4042 y(the)c(`)p Ft(\045?)p Fu(')g(job)g Fm(id)g Fu(\(see)h(Section)g -(7.1)g([Job)e(Con)m(trol)i(Basics],)i(page)e(113\).)56 +(7.1)g([Job)e(Con)m(trol)i(Basics],)i(page)e(116\).)56 b(If)34 b(set)i(to)g(an)m(y)630 4151 y(other)c(v)-5 b(alue,)32 b(the)g(supplied)e(string)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)h(pre\014x)f(of)h(a)g (stopp)s(ed)e(job's)i(name;)g(this)630 4261 y(pro)m(vides)e (functionalit)m(y)i(analogous)g(to)f(the)g(`)p Ft(\045)p Fu(')f(job)g Fm(id)p Fu(.)p eop end -%%Page: 117 123 -TeXDict begin 117 122 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(117)150 299 +%%Page: 120 126 +TeXDict begin 120 125 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(120)150 299 y Fp(8)80 b(Command)54 b(Line)f(Editing)150 635 y Fu(This)28 b(c)m(hapter)i(describ)s(es)e(the)h(basic)g(features)h(of)f(the)g Fm(gnu)f Fu(command)h(line)g(editing)h(in)m(terface.)42 @@ -16730,7 +16936,7 @@ b(Com-)150 745 y(mand)c(line)i(editing)f(is)g(pro)m(vided)g(b)m(y)g (shell)f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation.)45 b(Line)31 b(editing)150 1074 y(is)g(also)h(used)f(when)f(using)h(the)g Ft(-e)g Fu(option)h(to)g(the)f Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)h(command)g(\(see)h -(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)150 1183 y(Builtins],)j(page)f(55\).)52 +(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)150 1183 y(Builtins],)j(page)f(56\).)52 b(By)35 b(default,)g(the)f(line)h(editing)f(commands)g(are)h(similar)f (to)h(those)f(of)g(Emacs.)150 1293 y(A)h(vi-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)g (in)m(terface)h(is)e(also)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)55 b(Line)34 @@ -16777,7 +16983,7 @@ b Ft(DEL)p Fu(,)f Ft(ESC)p Fu(,)g Ft(LFD)p Fu(,)g Ft(SPC)p Fu(,)g Ft(RET)p Fu(,)150 3902 y(and)d Ft(TAB)f Fu(all)j(stand)e(for)g (themselv)m(es)i(when)d(seen)i(in)f(this)g(text,)j(or)d(in)h(an)f(init) h(\014le)f(\(see)i(Section)f(8.3)150 4012 y([Readline)f(Init)g(File],)i -(page)e(120\).)52 b(If)33 b(y)m(our)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)h(lac)m(ks)g(a)g +(page)e(123\).)52 b(If)33 b(y)m(our)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)h(lac)m(ks)g(a)g Ft(LFD)f Fu(k)m(ey)-8 b(,)36 b(t)m(yping)e Ft(C-j)e Fu(will)i(pro)s (duce)150 4122 y(the)d(desired)e(c)m(haracter.)43 b(The)30 b Ft(RET)f Fu(k)m(ey)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(lab)s(eled)h @@ -16801,9 +17007,9 @@ Ft(RET)p Fu(.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(do)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)g(b)s(e)e Ft(RET)p Fu(;)i(the)g(en)m(tire)g(line)f(is)h(accepted)g(regardless)g (of)f(the)h(lo)s(cation)h(of)e(the)h(cursor)150 5340 y(within)c(the)g(line.)p eop end -%%Page: 118 124 -TeXDict begin 118 123 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(118)150 299 y Fk(8.2.1)63 +%%Page: 121 127 +TeXDict begin 121 126 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(121)150 299 y Fk(8.2.1)63 b(Readline)40 b(Bare)h(Essen)m(tials)150 446 y Fu(In)31 b(order)h(to)h(en)m(ter)g(c)m(haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)g(line,)g (simply)e(t)m(yp)s(e)i(them.)46 b(The)31 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i @@ -16870,9 +17076,9 @@ b(It)24 b(is)h(a)g(lo)s(ose)150 5230 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)32 b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m (haracters)h(while)f(meta)h(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150 5340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end -%%Page: 119 125 -TeXDict begin 119 124 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(119)150 299 y Fk(8.2.3)63 +%%Page: 122 128 +TeXDict begin 122 127 bop 150 -116 a 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b(the)h(last)h(command)f(b)s(eginning)g(with)g Ft(cc)f Fu(and)h(t)m(yping)g(`)p Ft(r)p Fu(')h(re-executes)h(the)e (last)630 3170 y(command)30 b(\(see)h(Section)h(6.6)f([Aliases],)h -(page)g(100\).)150 3324 y Ft(history)870 3455 y(history)46 +(page)g(101\).)150 3324 y Ft(history)870 3455 y(history)46 b([)p Fj(n)p Ft(])870 3565 y(history)g(-c)870 3674 y(history)g(-d)h Fj(offset)870 3784 y Ft(history)f(-d)h Fj(start)p Ft(-)p Fj(end)870 3893 y Ft(history)f([-anrw])g([)p Fj(filename)p @@ -19264,9 +19485,9 @@ Fr(o\013set)p Fu(.)59 b(If)36 b Fr(o\013set)j Fu(is)d(p)s(ositiv)m(e,)j (it)1110 5340 y(should)32 b(b)s(e)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(it)g(app)s (ears)e(when)g(the)i(history)f(is)g(displa)m(y)m(ed.)50 b(If)p eop end -%%Page: 154 160 -TeXDict begin 154 159 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(154)1110 +%%Page: 157 163 +TeXDict begin 157 162 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(157)1110 299 y 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(expansion)g(mec)m(h-)150 2927 y(anism)h(with)g(the)g Ft(histchars)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable,)38 b(as)d(explained)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) i(\(see)f(Section)f(5.2)i([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)150 -3036 y(page)32 b(78\).)44 b(The)31 b(shell)g(uses)g(the)g(history)g +3036 y(page)32 b(79\).)44 b(The)31 b(shell)g(uses)g(the)g(history)g (commen)m(t)i(c)m(haracter)f(to)g(mark)f(history)g(timestamps)h(when) 150 3146 y(writing)e(the)h(history)f(\014le.)150 3347 y Fk(9.3.1)63 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)39 b(Designators)150 3494 @@ -19427,9 +19648,9 @@ b Fu(is)32 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)630 5230 y(immediately)f(b)m(y)e(a)h (string)f(from)g(the)h(most)g(recen)m(t)630 5340 y(searc)m(h)h(is)f (used;)g(it)h(is)g(an)f(error)g(if)g(there)h(is)f(no)g(previous)g (searc)m(h)h(string.)p eop end -%%Page: 156 162 -TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 -b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(156)150 +%%Page: 159 165 +TeXDict begin 159 164 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(9:)41 +b(Using)30 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b(arious)21 b(system-dep)s(enden)m(t)150 3453 y(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(used)f(during)f(compilation.)64 b(It)37 @@ -19612,19 +19833,19 @@ b(t)m(yp)s(e)390 4602 y Ft(bash-4.2$)45 b(./configure)g(--help)150 (Bash)g(in)h(a)g(directory)g(separate)g(from)f(the)h(source)g (directory)g({)g(to)g(build)150 4984 y(for)30 b(m)m(ultiple)i(arc)m (hitectures,)g(for)e(example)h({)g(just)f(use)h(the)f(full)h(path)f(to) -h(the)g(con\014gure)f(script.)41 b(The)150 5094 y(follo)m(wing)24 -b(commands)f(will)g(build)f(bash)g(in)g(a)h(directory)h(under)d -Ft(/usr/local/build)d Fu(from)23 b(the)g(source)150 5204 +h(the)g(con\014gure)f(script.)41 b(The)150 5094 y(follo)m(wing)23 +b(commands)e(will)h(build)f(Bash)h(in)f(a)h(directory)g(under)f +Ft(/usr/local/build)c Fu(from)k(the)h(source)150 5204 y(co)s(de)31 b(in)f Ft(/usr/local/src/bash-4.4)o Fu(:)390 5340 y Ft(mkdir)46 b(/usr/local/build/bash-4.4)p eop end -%%Page: 159 165 -TeXDict begin 159 164 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 -b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(159)390 299 y Ft(cd)47 +%%Page: 162 168 +TeXDict begin 162 167 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 +b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(162)390 299 y Ft(cd)47 b(/usr/local/build/bash-4.4)390 408 y(bash)g(/usr/local/src/bash-4.4)o (/con)o(fig)o(ure)390 518 y(make)275 652 y Fu(See)27 b(Section)h(10.3)g([Compiling)g(F)-8 b(or)27 b(Multiple)h(Arc)m -(hitectures],)i(page)d(159,)j(for)c(more)i(information)150 +(hitectures],)i(page)d(162,)j(for)c(more)i(information)150 762 y(ab)s(out)i(building)g(in)g(a)g(directory)h(separate)h(from)e(the) g(source.)275 896 y(If)53 b(y)m(ou)h(need)f(to)i(do)e(un)m(usual)g (things)g(to)i(compile)g(Bash,)k(please)c(try)e(to)i(\014gure)e(out)h @@ -19675,7 +19896,7 @@ Ft(make)p Fu(.)55 b Ft(cd)35 b Fu(to)i(the)e(directory)h(where)150 3817 y(y)m(ou)k(w)m(an)m(t)h(the)g(ob)5 b(ject)41 b(\014les)f(and)f (executables)j(to)e(go)h(and)f(run)e(the)j Ft(configure)c Fu(script)j(from)g(the)150 3926 y(source)32 b(directory)h(\(see)g -(Section)f(10.1)i([Basic)f(Installation],)i(page)e(158\).)47 +(Section)f(10.1)i([Basic)f(Installation],)i(page)e(161\).)47 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)h(need)f(to)g(supply)150 4036 y(the)43 b Ft(--srcdir=PATH)c Fu(argumen)m(t)k(to)h(tell)g Ft(configure)c Fu(where)i(the)h(source)g(\014les)g(are.)78 @@ -19704,9 +19925,9 @@ Fu(:)390 5096 y Ft(bash)47 b(/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/s)o(uppo)o(rt/)o h(one)150 5340 y(arc)m(hitecture)32 b(b)s(efore)e(y)m(ou)h(can)f (create)i(build)e(directories)h(for)f(other)h(arc)m(hitectures.)p eop end -%%Page: 160 166 -TeXDict begin 160 165 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 -b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(160)150 299 y Fs(10.4)68 +%%Page: 163 169 +TeXDict begin 163 168 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 +b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(163)150 299 y Fs(10.4)68 b(Installation)47 b(Names)150 458 y Fu(By)36 b(default,)g(`)p Ft(make)30 b(install)p Fu(')j(will)j(install)g(in)m(to)g Ft(/usr/local/bin)p Fu(,)d Ft(/usr/local/man)p Fu(,)g(etc.;)39 @@ -19722,7 +19943,7 @@ 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y(org)p Fu(.)275 +1569 y(All)e(bug)e(rep)s(orts)h(should)f(include:)225 +1704 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h +(Bash.)225 1838 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 b(hardw)m(are)g(and)g(op)s +(erating)g(system.)225 1973 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)30 +b(compiler)h(used)e(to)i(compile)h(Bash.)225 2107 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(A)30 b(description)h(of)f(the)h(bug)f(b)s(eha)m(viour.)225 +2242 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(A)30 b(short)h(script)f(or)g(`recip)s(e')h(whic) +m(h)f(exercises)i(the)e(bug)g(and)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(repro) +s(duce)e(it.)150 2401 y Ft(bashbug)d Fu(inserts)i(the)h(\014rst)f +(three)g(items)h(automatically)i(in)m(to)f(the)e(template)i(it)f(pro)m +(vides)f(for)g(\014ling)h(a)150 2511 y(bug)h(rep)s(ort.)275 +2645 y(Please)h(send)f(all)h(rep)s(orts)f(concerning)g(this)h(man)m +(ual)f(to)h Ft(bug-bash@gnu.org)p Fu(.)p eop end +%%Page: 171 177 +TeXDict begin 171 176 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(171)150 141 y Fp(App)t(endix)58 b(B)81 b(Ma)9 b(jor)54 b(Di\013erences)d(F)-13 b(rom)54 b(The)g(Bourne)1088 299 y(Shell)150 530 y Fu(Bash)26 b(implemen)m(ts)h(essen)m(tially)g(the)g(same)f(grammar,)h(parameter)f @@ -20185,20 +20404,20 @@ Ft(sh)f Fu(included)g(in)h(SVR4.2)h(\(the)f(last)h(v)m(ersion)f(of)g Fm(posix)p Fu(-conforman)m(t,)g(ev)m(en)g(where)f(the)g Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(eci\014cation)h(di\013ers)f(from)g(traditional)330 1431 y Ft(sh)e Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(\(see)i(Section)f(6.11)h([Bash)e -(POSIX)g(Mo)s(de],)h(page)g(106\).)225 1565 y Fq(\017)60 +(POSIX)g(Mo)s(de],)h(page)g(107\).)225 1565 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)26 b(has)g(m)m(ulti-c)m(haracter)i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)g (options)f(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)g([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)h(page)e -(91\).)225 1699 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)40 b(has)f(command-line)h +(92\).)225 1699 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)40 b(has)f(command-line)h (editing)g(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)g(Editing],)k(page)d -(117\))330 1809 y(and)30 b(the)g Ft(bind)g Fu(builtin.)225 +(120\))330 1809 y(and)30 b(the)g Ft(bind)g Fu(builtin.)225 1943 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)46 b(pro)m(vides)g(a)g(programmable)g(w)m (ord)f(completion)i(mec)m(hanism)f(\(see)h(Section)g(8.6)g([Pro-)330 -2052 y(grammable)39 b(Completion],)i(page)e(143\),)i(and)d(builtin)g +2052 y(grammable)39 b(Completion],)i(page)e(146\),)i(and)d(builtin)g (commands)f Ft(complete)p Fu(,)h Ft(compgen)p Fu(,)h(and)330 2162 y Ft(compopt)p Fu(,)29 b(to)i(manipulate)g(it.)225 2296 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)26 b(has)f(command)h(history)f(\(see)i (Section)f(9.1)h([Bash)f(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)30 -b(page)c(152\))i(and)d(the)330 2405 y Ft(history)k Fu(and)h +b(page)c(155\))i(and)d(the)330 2405 y Ft(history)k Fu(and)h Ft(fc)g Fu(builtins)g(to)h(manipulate)g(it.)42 b(The)30 b(Bash)h(history)g(list)g(main)m(tains)g(timestamp)330 2515 y(information)g(and)e(uses)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 @@ -20206,9 +20425,9 @@ b(of)f(the)h Ft(HISTTIMEFORMAT)26 b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(to)f(displa)m(y)f(it.)225 2649 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)48 b(implemen)m(ts)h Ft(csh)p Fu(-lik)m(e)g(history)f(expansion)g(\(see)h (Section)g(9.3)h([History)f(In)m(teraction],)330 2759 -y(page)31 b(154\).)225 2892 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)29 +y(page)31 b(157\).)225 2892 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)29 b(has)h(one-dimensional)g(arra)m(y)f(v)-5 b(ariables)30 -b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)f(100\),)h(and)e(the)330 +b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)h(page)f(101\),)h(and)e(the)330 3002 y(appropriate)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(expansions)f(and)g (assignmen)m(t)h(syn)m(tax)g(to)g(use)f(them.)67 b(Sev)m(eral)40 b(of)g(the)330 3112 y(Bash)32 b(builtins)f(tak)m(e)j(options)e(to)h @@ -20250,10 +20469,10 @@ b Fu(Bash)31 b(includes)f(the)g Ft(select)f Fu(comp)s(ound)g(command,)i (whic)m(h)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)f(generation)g(of)g(simple)330 5340 y(men)m(us)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.2.5.2)i([Conditional)e (Constructs],)g(page)g(12\).)p eop end -%%Page: 169 175 -TeXDict begin 169 174 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 172 178 +TeXDict begin 172 177 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(169)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(172)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)40 b(includes)g(the)g Ft([[)g Fu(comp)s(ound)e(command,)43 b(whic)m(h)c(mak)m(es)i(conditional)h(testing)f(part)f(of)330 408 y(the)f(shell)g(grammar)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.5.2)j([Conditional) @@ -20267,12 +20486,12 @@ b Fu(Bash)31 b(pro)m(vides)f(optional)h(case-insensitiv)m(e)i(matc)m (page)h(25\).)225 1034 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)24 b(implemen)m(ts)h (command)e(aliases)j(and)d(the)i Ft(alias)d Fu(and)i Ft(unalias)e Fu(builtins)h(\(see)i(Section)g(6.6)330 -1143 y([Aliases],)32 b(page)f(100\).)225 1279 y Fq(\017)60 +1143 y([Aliases],)32 b(page)f(101\).)225 1279 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)32 b(pro)m(vides)g(shell)g(arithmetic,)i(the)e Ft(\(\()g Fu(comp)s(ound)e(command)i(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.5.2)j([Con-) 330 1388 y(ditional)d(Constructs],)e(page)i(12\),)g(and)e(arithmetic)i (expansion)e(\(see)i(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arith-)330 -1498 y(metic],)h(page)f(98\).)225 1633 y Fq(\017)60 b +1498 y(metic],)h(page)f(99\).)225 1633 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 b(ariables)31 b(presen)m(t)e(in)g(the)g(shell's)h(initial)g(en) m(vironmen)m(t)g(are)g(automatically)i(exp)s(orted)d(to)h(c)m(hild)330 1743 y(pro)s(cesses.)38 b(The)23 b(Bourne)g(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g @@ -20324,7 +20543,7 @@ Fu(form)g(of)h(command)g(substitution)f(is)h(implemen)m(ted)g(\(see)h Ft(``)e Fu(\(whic)m(h)i(is)f(also)330 4495 y(implemen)m(ted)31 b(for)f(bac)m(kw)m(ards)h(compatibilit)m(y\).)225 4631 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)31 b(has)f(pro)s(cess)g(substitution)g(\(see)h -(Section)g(3.5.6)h([Pro)s(cess)f(Substitution],)f(page)h(34\).)225 +(Section)g(3.5.6)h([Pro)s(cess)f(Substitution],)f(page)h(35\).)225 4766 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)55 b(automatically)j(assigns)e(v)-5 b(ariables)55 b(that)h(pro)m(vide)f(information)h(ab)s(out)f(the)g (curren)m(t)330 4876 y(user)40 b(\()p Ft(UID)p Fu(,)i @@ -20334,16 +20553,16 @@ Fu(,)f(and)330 4985 y Ft(HOSTNAME)p Fu(\),)55 b(and)c(the)g(instance)h (of)g(Bash)f(that)h(is)f(running)f(\()p Ft(BASH)p Fu(,)56 b Ft(BASH_VERSION)p Fu(,)e(and)330 5095 y Ft(BASH_VERSINFO)p Fu(\).)37 b(See)31 b(Section)g(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8 b(ariables],)33 -b(page)e(78,)g(for)f(details.)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b +b(page)e(79,)g(for)f(details.)225 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)44 b Ft(IFS)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)45 b(is)f(used)f(to)i(split)f (only)g(the)g(results)g(of)h(expansion,)i(not)d(all)h(w)m(ords)f(\(see) 330 5340 y(Section)29 b(3.5.7)h([W)-8 b(ord)29 b(Splitting],)h(page)f (35\).)41 b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h (hole.)p eop end -%%Page: 170 176 -TeXDict begin 170 175 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 173 179 +TeXDict begin 173 178 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(170)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(173)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)36 b(\014lename)h(expansion)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expression)f(co) s(de)f(uses)g(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(and)f(`)p Ft(^)p Fu(')h(to)g(negate)h (the)f(set)g(of)330 408 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)f @@ -20353,7 +20572,7 @@ Ft(!)p Fu('.)225 536 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)38 b(implemen)m(ts)g(the)g (erators,)i(including)d(c)m(har-)330 646 y(acter)j(classes,)i(equiv)-5 b(alence)39 b(classes,)j(and)c(collating)j(sym)m(b)s(ols)d(\(see)i (Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)330 756 y(Expansion],)30 -b(page)h(35\).)225 883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)35 b(implemen)m(ts)g +b(page)h(36\).)225 883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)35 b(implemen)m(ts)g (extended)g(pattern)g(matc)m(hing)h(features)f(when)f(the)h Ft(extglob)d Fu(shell)j(option)330 993 y(is)30 b(enabled)h(\(see)g (Section)g(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(36\).)225 @@ -20365,7 +20584,7 @@ Fu(Bash)30 b(functions)e(are)i(p)s(ermitted)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(lo)s (cal)g(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(using)f(the)g Ft(local)f Fu(builtin,)i(and)e(th)m(us)330 1468 y(useful)i(recursiv)m(e)g (functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(written)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g -(Builtins],)g(page)h(55\).)225 1596 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 +(Builtins],)g(page)h(56\).)225 1596 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(V)-8 b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)e(commands)h(a\013ect)h(only) f(that)g(command,)h(ev)m(en)f(builtins)g(and)330 1705 y(functions)36 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.4)h([En)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page) @@ -20414,14 +20633,14 @@ m(erride)g(a)g(builtin)e(with)h(the)g(same)g(name,)i(and)d(pro)m(vides) h(access)h(to)330 4171 y(that)34 b(builtin's)f(functionalit)m(y)h (within)f(the)g(function)g(via)h(the)f Ft(builtin)f Fu(and)g Ft(command)g Fu(builtins)330 4281 y(\(see)f(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g -(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).)225 4408 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)35 +(Builtins],)g(page)g(56\).)225 4408 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)35 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(allo)m(ws)i(selectiv)m(e)h(disabling)e(of)f (functions)g(when)g(command)g(lo)s(okup)g(is)330 4518 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)f(Builtins],)g(page)g -(55\).)225 4646 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Individual)23 b(builtins)g(ma)m(y)i +(56\).)225 4646 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Individual)23 b(builtins)g(ma)m(y)i (b)s(e)e(enabled)h(or)g(disabled)g(using)f(the)h Ft(enable)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)g(4.2)330 4756 y([Bash)31 -b(Builtins],)g(page)g(55\).)225 4883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 +b(Builtins],)g(page)g(56\).)225 4883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 b(Bash)h Ft(exec)e Fu(builtin)h(tak)m(es)i(additional)f(options)g(that) g(allo)m(w)h(users)d(to)j(con)m(trol)g(the)e(con)m(ten)m(ts)330 4993 y(of)35 b(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(passed)f(to)h(the)g(executed)g @@ -20432,10 +20651,10 @@ y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Shell)29 b(functions)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(exp)s(orted)g (to)h(c)m(hildren)f(via)h(the)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(using)f Ft(export)f(-f)h Fu(\(see)330 5340 y(Section)i(3.3)h([Shell)e(F)-8 b(unctions],)32 b(page)f(19\).)p eop end -%%Page: 171 177 -TeXDict begin 171 176 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 174 180 +TeXDict begin 174 179 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(171)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(174)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)40 b(Bash)h Ft(export)p Fu(,)h Ft(readonly)p Fu(,)f(and)g Ft(declare)d Fu(builtins)j(can)g(tak)m(e)h(a)f Ft(-f)f Fu(option)i(to)f(act)h(on)330 408 y(shell)30 @@ -20454,12 +20673,12 @@ Ft($PATH)p Fu(,)g(using)f(`)p Ft(hash)h(-p)p Fu(')g(\(see)330 984 y(Section)i(4.1)h([Bourne)e(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)h(48\).)225 1121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)27 b(includes)f(a)i Ft(help)d Fu(builtin)i(for)f(quic)m(k)h(reference)h(to)f(shell)g(facilities)i -(\(see)f(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)330 1230 y(Builtins],)j(page)g(55\).)225 +(\(see)f(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)330 1230 y(Builtins],)j(page)g(56\).)225 1367 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)42 b Ft(printf)g Fu(builtin)g(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)45 b(to)f(displa)m(y)f(formatted)g(output)g(\(see)h(Section)g -(4.2)g([Bash)330 1477 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(55\).)225 +(4.2)g([Bash)330 1477 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(56\).)225 1614 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)26 b(Bash)h Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i -(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(55\))g(will)f(read)g(a)g +(Section)g(4.2)g([Bash)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(56\))g(will)f(read)g(a)g (line)g(ending)330 1724 y(in)i(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(')h(with)f(the)g Ft(-r)g Fu(option,)i(and)d(will)i(use)f(the)h Ft(REPLY)e Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(as)g(a)f(default)h(if)f(no)h(non-option)330 @@ -20489,7 +20708,7 @@ Fu(builtin,)k(for)d(\014ner)f(con)m(trol)j(of)e(shell)h(optional)g (Builtin],)k(page)d(71\),)k(and)39 b(allo)m(ws)i(these)f(options)h(to)f (b)s(e)f(set)i(and)330 3093 y(unset)30 b(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m(o)s (cation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)g(page)h -(91\).)225 3230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)45 b(has)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)h +(92\).)225 3230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)45 b(has)f(m)m(uc)m(h)g(more)h (optional)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)e(con)m(trollable)j(with)e(the)f Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)330 3340 y(tion)31 b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(67\).)225 3477 @@ -20529,10 +20748,10 @@ Fu(builtin)i(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)j 5340 y(signal)30 b(sp)s(eci\014cation,)h(similar)f(to)g Ft(EXIT)f Fu(and)g Ft(DEBUG)p Fu(.)39 b(Commands)28 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)h (with)g(an)g Ft(ERR)g Fu(trap)p eop end -%%Page: 172 178 -TeXDict begin 172 177 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +%%Page: 175 181 +TeXDict begin 175 180 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 b(B:)i(Ma)5 b(jor)31 b(Di\013erences)g(F)-8 b(rom)31 -b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(172)330 299 y(are)40 b(executed)g(after)g +b(The)f(Bourne)g(Shell)1258 b(175)330 299 y(are)40 b(executed)g(after)g (a)f(simple)h(command)f(fails,)j(with)d(a)h(few)f(exceptions.)68 b(The)39 b Ft(ERR)g Fu(trap)g(is)330 408 y(not)g(inherited)f(b)m(y)h (shell)g(functions)f(unless)g(the)h Ft(-o)29 b(errtrace)37 @@ -20553,7 +20772,7 @@ 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@@ -21280,8 +21499,8 @@ y(If)23 b(y)m(our)h(do)s(cumen)m(t)f(con)m(tains)i(non)m(trivial)g b(as)g(the)g(GNU)150 2331 y(General)31 b(Public)f(License,)i(to)f(p)s (ermit)e(their)i(use)f(in)g(free)g(soft)m(w)m(are.)p eop end -%%Page: 182 188 -TeXDict begin 182 187 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(182)150 299 +%%Page: 185 191 +TeXDict begin 185 190 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(185)150 299 y Fp(App)t(endix)52 b(D)81 b(Indexes)150 639 y Fs(D.1)68 b(Index)45 b(of)g(Shell)g(Builtin)g(Commands)146 806 y(.)150 923 y Fe(.)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -21301,7 +21520,7 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(56)146 2239 y Fs(B)150 2356 y Fe(bg)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)29 -b Fb(114)150 2443 y Fe(bind)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(117)150 2443 y Fe(bind)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g 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4391 +g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(119)146 4274 y Fs(E)150 4391 y Fe(echo)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b @@ -21362,10 +21581,10 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20 b Fb(50)146 5080 y Fs(F)150 5197 y Fe(fc)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(153)150 5284 y Fe(fg)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) +g(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(156)150 5284 y Fe(fg)14 b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(114)2021 871 y Fs(G)2025 988 y Fe(getopts)22 +g(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(117)2021 871 y Fs(G)2025 988 y Fe(getopts)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)35 b Fb(50)2021 1250 y Fs(H)2025 @@ -21378,14 +21597,14 @@ g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(61)2025 1544 y Fe(history)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b -Fb(153)2021 1806 y Fs(J)2025 1924 y Fe(jobs)9 b Fc(:)14 +Fb(156)2021 1806 y Fs(J)2025 1924 y Fe(jobs)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(114)2021 2186 y Fs(K)2025 +g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(117)2021 2186 y Fs(K)2025 2303 y Fe(kill)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g 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begin 183 188 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 -b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(183)146 294 y Fs(T)150 410 y Fe(test)11 +f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)33 b Fb(119)p eop end +%%Page: 186 192 +TeXDict begin 186 191 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(186)146 294 y Fs(T)150 410 y Fe(test)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fb(52)150 497 @@ -21456,10 +21675,10 @@ h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)25 b Fb(65)150 758 y Fe(typeset)d Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 -b Fb(65)146 1003 y Fs(U)150 1119 y Fe(ulimit)6 b Fc(:)15 +b Fb(66)146 1003 y Fs(U)150 1119 y Fe(ulimit)6 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f 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(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) @@ -21544,9 +21763,9 @@ y Fs(W)2025 5552 y Fe(while)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)23 b Fb(12)p eop end -%%Page: 184 190 -TeXDict begin 184 189 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 -b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(184)150 299 y Fs(D.3)68 b(P)l(arameter)47 +%%Page: 187 193 +TeXDict begin 187 192 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(187)150 299 y Fs(D.3)68 b(P)l(arameter)47 b(and)d(V)-11 b(ariable)46 b(Index)146 955 y(!)150 1072 y Fe(!)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) @@ -21583,7 +21802,7 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)31 b Fb(23)150 2495 y Fe($_)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f 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generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -516 Q F0(Alias names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 528 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 540 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 552 Q(Readline)224 552 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 564 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 564 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 576 -Q F0(Command names.)224 588 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 600 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 612 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 624 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -648 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 648 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -660 Q F0(Names of e)224 660 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +552 Q F0(Alias names.)224 552 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 564 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 576 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 588 Q(Readline)224 588 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 600 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 600 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 612 +Q F0(Command names.)224 624 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 636 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 660 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 672 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +684 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 684 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +696 Q F0(Names of e)224 696 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -672 Q F0(File names.)224 672 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 684 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 696 -Q F1(gr)184 708 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 708 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(4)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +708 Q F0(File names.)224 708 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(4)195.95 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(helptopic)184 84 Q F0 -(Help topics as accepted by the)224 96 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 108 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 120 Q -(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 132 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 144 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) --.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 180 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 -E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 204 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1(stopped)184 228 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 264 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)184 84 Q F0 +(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 Q(oup)-.18 E F0 +(Group names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q +F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0 +(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(job)184 168 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +-.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E +2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(running)184 204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 +204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0 +(Service names.)224 216 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 228 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 228 S(lid ar)1.11 E +(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 240 Q F0 +(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0(Signal names.)224 252 Q F1 +(stopped)184 264 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 +264 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)224 276 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 288 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 300 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 -(completions. Ar)184 288 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +(completions. Ar)184 324 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 372 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 384 R .104 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) -2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 396 R .101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 408 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 432 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q -F1144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q +F1144 456 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 468 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 480 Q F1144 492 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 492 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 504 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 (is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 (special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +(each resultant w)184 528 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 540 Q .766 (vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 552 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 540 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456 +6.464 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 576 +Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .456 (is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat) +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 600 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 612 Q F3(\214lterpat) 3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 (in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 624 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466 -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0 -(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 -R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 -(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ -mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.039 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.038 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 -(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.038 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22) -.15 E(5)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 640.8 R .46 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .461 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.961 E F0 +(,)A F12.961 E F0(,)A F12.961 E F0(,)A F12.961 E F0(,) +A(or)144 652.8 Q F12.986 E F0 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F +F3(name)2.986 E F0(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo) +-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163 +(tion for a)144 664.8 R F3(name)2.663 E F0 .164 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164 +(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F +(tion.)144 676.8 Q F1(compopt)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3 +(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3 +(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 +(Modify completion options for each)144 705.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447 +(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 717.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 729.6 Q F3(name) +4.846 E F0 2.346(or the current completion.)4.846 F 2.345 +(The possible v)7.345 F 2.345(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)4.845 E F0 2.345 +(are those v)4.845 F 2.345(alid for the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplied options should apply\ - to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .867(assignment w)144 96 R -.868(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;) -3.368 E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868 -(hich is usually com-)-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .432 -(The return v)144 132 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va) --.4 G .431(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-) -.25 F(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)144 84 Q F0 +-.2(bu)2.842 G .342(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.342(.T).15 +G(he)-5.342 E F12.842 E F0 .343 +(option indicates that other supplied options should ap-)2.842 F .208 +(ply to the `)144 96 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 2.707('c)-.74 G .207(omm\ +and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which) +-2.707 F .92(no completion has pre)144 108 R .92 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.92 E F13.42 E F0 .92 +(option indicates that other supplied options)3.42 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 120 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.039 F(The)144 132 Q F13.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\ +r supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F +.868(assignment w)144 144 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 156 Q .431(The return v)144 180 R +.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 +(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F +(tions for a)144 192 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .85 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 208.8 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 220.8 R .851 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 -(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.704 E -F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar) -108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 232.8 R F2(n)2.703 E F0 +.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 244.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0 +1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 256.8 Q F1(declar) +108 273.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.265 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 297.6 R 1.264 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) --3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) +-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 309.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25 F F13.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 (utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2 -(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +G(hen)-5.96 E F13.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 321.6 Q F2 +(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 (guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F12.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 285.6 Q -F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 297.6 Q .38 +2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 333.6 Q +F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 345.6 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 (If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F12.88 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 -309.6 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.107 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144 -321.6 R(The)5.3 E F12.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \ -function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144 -333.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E -(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E -F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 +357.6 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.606 E F0 1.106 +(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 +369.6 R(The)5.299 E F12.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ + of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 +(and attrib)144 381.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F +F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F +F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 +(name and line number where each)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F13.148 E -F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1144 357.6 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he) --5.836 E F13.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837 +F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1144 405.6 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) +-5.837 E F13.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 369.6 Q -(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819 +(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 417.6 Q +(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818 (cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818 -(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F13.318 E -F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S .693 -(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the) --.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2 -F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F -(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 +(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F13.319 E +F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 429.6 S .694 +(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the) +-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2 +F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F +(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 441.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82 (at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82 (xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F -.379(initially unset.)144 405.6 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379 -(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38 -(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 417.6 Q(ute or to gi) +.38(initially unset.)144 453.6 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379 +(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379 +(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 465.6 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 -429.6 Q F0(Each)180 429.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) +477.6 Q F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E -F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1144 441.6 Q F0(Each)180 -441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1144 489.6 Q F0(Each)180 +489.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H (rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E F2 -(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1144 453.6 Q F0 -(Use function names only)180 453.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 465.6 Q F0 -.558(The v)180 465.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 +(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1144 501.6 Q F0 +(Use function names only)180 501.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 +.557(The v)180 513.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558 (ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) -180 477.6 Q F0(in)2.25 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sp)-2.5 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION) +180 525.6 Q F0(in)2.25 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sp)-2.5 G (erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1144 489.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 489.6 R .909 +F1144 537.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 537.6 R .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) --.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 501.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q 1.62 -.15 -(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef) --.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 -(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .477 -(That other v)180 525.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 549.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 561.6 Q F0(Gi)180 561.6 Q 1.619 -.15 +(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E +(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478 +(That other v)180 573.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478 (alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478 -(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 537.6 Q .782 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.282 E F0 3.282(,e)C .782 -(xcept those using or changing the)-3.432 F F13.281 E F0(attrib) -3.281 E .781(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 549.6 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 561.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 573.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.655 E F0 3.655(sr)C(eadonly)-3.655 E +(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 585.6 Q .781 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782 +(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F13.282 E F0(attrib) +3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 597.6 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 609.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 621.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 621.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F -1.154(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 -585.6 Q F1144 597.6 Q F0(Gi)180 597.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +1.155(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 +633.6 Q F1144 645.6 Q F0(Gi)180 645.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) 2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 609.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 657.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -621.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 621.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +669.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 669.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 633.6 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 681.6 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1 -144 645.6 Q F0(Mark)180 645.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .143 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 662.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .144 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.644 E F0(and)2.644 E F1(+A)2.644 E F0 -.144(may not)2.644 F .579(be used to destro)144 674.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G +144 693.6 Q F0(Mark)180 693.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 710.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 +(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 +.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 722.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 -F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 686.4 Q F1 -(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F1(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 -E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 -(command, unless the)3.544 F F13.544 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 698.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 -(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 710.4 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 -(hen using)-5.217 F F12.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F12.717 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 722.4 R .882 -(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 -(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(6)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(6)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid option \ -is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F/F1 -10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na)-2.866 -G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 96 R .549 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F -.391(array v)144 108 R .391 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)2.892 E F0(in)2.892 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(bash\(1\))2.892 E F0 .392(\), one of the)B F3(names)144 120 Q F0 .359 -(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359 -(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359 -(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 132 R 1.213 -(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 144 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F2 -2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 160.8 Q F3(n)A F2 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F3(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .329 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(function,)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 +E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.543 E F0 +1.043(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(command, unless the)3.543 F F13.543 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 96 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 +(,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 108 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 +(hen using)-5.218 F F12.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F12.718 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 120 R .882 +(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 +(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 132 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid option \ +is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F/F3 +10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na)-2.865 +G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 144 R .548 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F +.392(array v)144 156 R .392 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)2.891 E F0(in)2.891 E F2(bash\(1\))2.891 E F0 .391 +(\), one of the)B F2(names)144 168 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359 +(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of) +-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213 +(only v)144 180 R 1.213(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F +3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212 +(ariable, or an attempt is)-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 192 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 208.8 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 220.8 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q -F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 232.8 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 244.8 Q +F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 208.8 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2144 220.8 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 220.8 Q -F2144 232.8 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 232.8 R .882 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 256.8 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 268.8 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 268.8 Q +F1144 280.8 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 280.8 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -244.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 256.8 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 256.8 Q F2 -144 268.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 268.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 280.8 Q F2(+)144 292.8 Q F3(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 292.8 R F3(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 304.8 Q F2144 316.8 Q F3 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 316.8 R F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +292.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 304.8 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 304.8 Q F1 +144 316.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 316.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 328.8 Q F1(+)144 340.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 340.8 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 352.8 Q F1144 364.8 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 364.8 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 328.8 Q .257(The return v)144 -345.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 376.8 Q .258(The return v)144 +393.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 357.6 Q F2(diso)108 374.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F3(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 386.4 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 405.6 Q F1(diso)108 422.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 434.4 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 398.4 R F22.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F22.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F3(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 446.4 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F3(jobspec)145.74 410.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 422.4 R -.15 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 458.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 470.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F3(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 434.4 R F2 -3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F3(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 446.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F3 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 482.4 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 494.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F2(echo)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 523.2 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 487.2 R(If)5.308 E F22.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F22.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 -499.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F22.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 535.2 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 +547.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F12.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 559.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2 -(xpg_echo)144 523.2 Q F0 .601 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 -F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659 -(escape characters by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.659 E F0 -.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F23.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) --.2 E(prets the follo)144 547.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) -144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 559.2 Q F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0 -(backspace)180 571.2 Q F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -583.2 Q F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q(\\E)144 607.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 -607.2 Q F2(\\f)144 619.2 Q F0(form feed)180 619.2 Q F2(\\n)144 631.2 Q -F0(ne)180 631.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 643.2 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 643.2 Q F2(\\t)144 655.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -655.2 Q F2(\\v)144 667.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 667.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2 -(\\\\)144 679.2 Q F0(backslash)180 679.2 Q F2(\\0)144 691.2 Q F3(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 691.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 -E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2 -(\\x)144 703.2 Q F3(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 703.2 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(7) -190.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 +(xpg_echo)144 571.2 Q F0 .602 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 +F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 +(escape characters by def)144 583.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 +.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 595.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 607.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 607.2 Q F1(\\b)144 619.2 Q F0 +(backspace)180 619.2 Q F1(\\c)144 631.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +631.2 Q F1(\\e)144 643.2 Q(\\E)144 655.2 Q F0(an escape character)180 +655.2 Q F1(\\f)144 667.2 Q F0(form feed)180 667.2 Q F1(\\n)144 679.2 Q +F0(ne)180 679.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 691.2 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 691.2 Q F1(\\t)144 703.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +703.2 Q F1(\\v)144 715.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 715.2 S(rtical tab).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(7)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\u)144 84 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 108 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 120 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 144 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0 +(backslash)180 84 Q F1(\\0)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E +(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 108 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 108 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 120 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 132 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 144 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 156 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 168 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 180 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 172.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 208.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 184.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 220.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 196.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 -(abled; otherwise,)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 232.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 +(abled; otherwise,)144 244.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) -144 220.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) +144 256.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F13.038 E -F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 268.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) -144 244.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) +144 280.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 -(directories in which to search for)144 256.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 -(delete a b)144 268.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) --.25 F F13.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 +(directories in which to search for)144 292.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 +(delete a b)144 304.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F13.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.547(n, or if the).15 F F13.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 -(supplied, a list of shell b)144 280.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 -(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 292.8 +.546(n, or if the).15 F F13.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 +(supplied, a list of shell b)144 316.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 +(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 328.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F13.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 -(list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R .261 +(If)5.695 E F13.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 +(list printed includes all b)144 340.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 -(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 316.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 -(is not a shell b)144 328.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 +(If)5.261 E F12.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 +(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 352.8 R F2(special) +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 +(is not a shell b)144 364.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 -(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 340.8 R +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 +(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 376.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E -F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 352.8 S +F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 388.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G -(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 369.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 381.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 -E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) --2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 405.6 Q +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 405.6 T(l).15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 417.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E +(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 +(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) +-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 441.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 434.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 446.4 R .176 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 470.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 482.4 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 458.4 R .48(gument passed to) +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 494.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F12.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 470.4 Q F0 .638 -(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 506.4 Q F0 .639 +(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 482.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 518.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 494.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F -.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 506.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 530.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 542.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 518.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 --.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 530.4 Q +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 554.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 566.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 547.2 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 559.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 583.2 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 595.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 588 Q F0 -.256(The supplied)144 600 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +F1(export)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 624 Q F0 +.257(The supplied)144 636 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 -(commands. If)144 612 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 +(commands. If)144 648 R(the)2.626 E F12.626 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 -144 624 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1 +144 660 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 636 S 1.447 +2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 672 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 648 S .741(lue of the v).25 -F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 660 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 672 Q F1(fc)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -700.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 712.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -724.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) -.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 -(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(8) -190.545 E 0 Cg EP +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 684 S .742(lue of the v).25 +F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 696 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(be)144 84 Q .31 -(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi) --.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) -.05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of)144 96 R -.071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 -(When listing, a)5.071 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E -F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(-).25 E .653(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 108 R -.25(va)-.25 G -.653(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(fc)3.153 E F0 .653(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 120 Q --.25(va)-.25 G .242(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -2.742(lid. If).25 F F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr) +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0 +(])A F1(fc \255s)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 +E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 108 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 +(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) +144 132 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071(is used as an of) +144 144 R .071(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071 +(When listing, a)5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last) +2.571 E F0 .071(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 156 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 +(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 +(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 168 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F +F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.092(ing \(so that)144 132 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) -2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F1<8c72> -4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F1<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 144 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 168 Q -F22.522 E F0 .022 +.093(ing \(so that)144 180 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) +2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72> +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 192 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 216 Q +F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E -F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 180 R .438(If the)5.438 -F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 228 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 -(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.334(the editor gi)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 204 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F -.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) -3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 -216 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F -.005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e) -5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 228 Q .788(In the second form,)144 252 R -F1(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 264 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 276 Q F3 7.165(rc) -3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 288 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 +(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 252 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 +F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4 +(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v) +144 264 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.) +4.171 F .005 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 276 Q .789(In the second form,)144 300 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 312 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> +2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 324 Q F3 7.166 +(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 336 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 360 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 372 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 360 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 388.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 408 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 436.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 400.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 448.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 460.8 Q +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 472.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 441.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +F1(getopts)108 489.6 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 501.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 513.6 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 525.6 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R .636 -(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 -(tion in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F1(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) -2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 -(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 -(ment to be processed into the v)144 513.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) -2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 537.6 R .636 +(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 +(tion in the shell v)144 549.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G +.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 561.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) +2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) -.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F2(getopts) -3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 -(the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389 -(between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389 -(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F -2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 561.6 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F2(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0 +(shell script is in)144 573.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) +.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 +(the v)144 585.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 +(between multiple calls to)144 597.6 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 +(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F +2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 609.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 633.6 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 645.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 .485 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 669.6 Q F0 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 633.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E -F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 .345 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 681.6 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E +F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 705.6 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F -.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 -(porting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F2(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 +(is a colon,)3.065 F F2(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 +(porting is used.)144 717.6 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 +729.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F (ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 717.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -729.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(9)190.545 E 0 Cg EP +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(9)195.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(diagnostic message is printed.)144 84 Q -1.241(If a required ar)144 108 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241 -(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 -G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)144.36 120 Q F0(,).18 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)-.81 -E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If) -5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1 -(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 132 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 -E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 -E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .902 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(will be displayed, e)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667 +(If an in)144 108 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name) +3.527 E F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 +(and unsets)144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 132 +Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 156 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F +F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2 +(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F +F1(name)144.36 168 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F2 +(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 180 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) +2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 204 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 196.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 216 Q F2(hash)108 232.8 +Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 +(Each time)144 244.8 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 256.8 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 220.8 -R F12.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 -(of the command.)144 232.8 R(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 268.8 +R F22.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(of the command.)144 280.8 R(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F13.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 244.8 R .294 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) -C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F12.793 E F0 .293 -(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 -256.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 -(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 268.8 R F12.676 E F0 -2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F2(name)2.676 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 -(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 280.8 R .783 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F23.115 E F0 +(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 292.8 R .293 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) +C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F22.794 E F0 .294 +(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +304.8 R F1(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(If multiple)5.028 F F1(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 316.8 R F22.675 E F0 +2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F1(name)2.675 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F2 +2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 328.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 -(n, or if only).15 F F13.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 -(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 292.8 R -.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q +(n, or if only).15 F F23.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 340.8 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F1(name)144.36 352.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -333.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 -345.6 R F2(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 357.6 Q F1 -144 369.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 369.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 381.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 381.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 393.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 393.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 410.4 Q F2 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 427.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 439.2 Q(history \255d)108 451.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255d)108 463.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 487.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -511.2 S .752 +.25 E F2(help)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +381.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F2(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 +393.6 R F1(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 405.6 Q F2 +144 417.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 417.6 Q F1 +(pattern)2.5 E F2144 429.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 429.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F2144 441.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 441.6 Q F1(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 458.4 Q F1 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F2(history [)108 475.2 Q F1(n)A F2(])A +(history \255c)108 487.2 Q(history \255d)108 499.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F2(history \255d)108 511.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0(-)A F1(end)A F2 +(history \255anrw)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\214lename)A F0(])A F2 +(history \255p)108 535.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(history \255s)108 547.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +559.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 523.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 -F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F2(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 571.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.88 E(MA)144 535.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 547.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +2.881 E(MA)144 583.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 595.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 559.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 607.2 R(If)5.176 E F1(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 571.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 619.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 583.2 Q F1 -144 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 607.2 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) --.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) -2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) --2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -619.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 631.2 Q 2.5(,a) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 631.2 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 631.2 Q F2 +144 643.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 655.2 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 667.2 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 679.2 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 643.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 1.25 -(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 655.2 R F2 -(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F2(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2 +144 691.2 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0A F1(end)A F0 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 703.2 R F1 +(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F1(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 -667.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2 -(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 -(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 679.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 679.2 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 -('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 691.2 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 703.2 -Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 703.2 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 715.2 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G(mber 22).15 E(10)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F1 +(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(10)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Rea\ -d the contents of the history \214le and append them to the current his\ -tory list.)180 84 Q F1144 96 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 96 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 108 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .565 +(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 108 Q +F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ + into the current history list.)180 108 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 132 Q F1144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1 +144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626 (and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 -120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 +180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 144 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 144 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve) +(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 204 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 208.8 R .833 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F -.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 220.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R .832 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F +.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 232.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 -(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 -(gument to)-.18 F F1144 244.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) -108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) -2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 273.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 285.6 Q .3 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 292.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) +-.18 F F12.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 +(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F1144 304.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) +108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) +2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 297.6 Q F1 -144 309.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 309.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 321.6 Q F1 -144 333.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 333.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 345.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 345.6 Q F1144 357.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 357.6 Q(If)144 374.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 386.4 Q -.25 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 357.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F1 +144 369.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F1 +144 393.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F1144 417.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 403.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 463.2 R F1 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 415.2 Q +3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E F1(kill)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 +E F1(kill)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 444 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +(kill \255l)108 504 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) -144 456 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 +144 516 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 (to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 -(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 468 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 480 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319 +(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 540 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 .427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) 3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 492 R -F12.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 552 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 504 R -.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) -144 516 R F13.299 E F0 .799 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 528 R +F12.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 +R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 +576 R F13.3 E F0 .8 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 588 R (The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 540 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 556.8 Q F2 +(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 616.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -568.8 Q F2(ar)5.817 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.987(is an arithmetic e)5.707 F 2.987 +628.8 Q F2(ar)5.818 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.987(is an arithmetic e)5.707 F 2.987 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.987(luated \(see).25 F F3 2.987(ARITHMETIC EV)5.487 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0 -(in)5.238 E F2(bash\(1\))144 580.8 Q F0 2.5(\). If)B(the last)2.5 E F2 +(in)5.237 E F2(bash\(1\))144 640.8 Q F0 2.5(\). If)B(the last)2.5 E F2 (ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E -F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 597.6 Q F0([) +F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 657.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5 -(].)C(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 609.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) --2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(].)C(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) +-2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F -(an)144 621.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 -(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F +(an)144 681.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -633.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +693.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 645.6 R F1 -(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 657.6 R F1(set) -3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 669.6 R .88 -(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E -F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 -(that were in place before the function.)144 681.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 693.6 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F -(unless)144 705.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) -2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E -F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(11)185.545 E 0 Cg -EP +(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F1 +(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.281(ing the)144 717.6 R F1(set) +3.781 E F0 -.2(bu)3.781 G 1.281 +(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F1(local)3.781 E F0 +1.282(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .278 +(when the function returns.)144 729.6 R .278(The restore is ef)5.278 F +.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)2.777 E F0 .277 +(commands were e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .277(cuted to).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(11)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0 -(Exit a login shell.)144 84 Q F1(map\214le)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E -F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .69(restore the v)144 84 R .69 +(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69 +(th no operands,).4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.19 E F0 .69 +(writes a list of)3.19 F .567(local v)144 96 R .566 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .566(It is an error to use) +5.566 F F1(local)3.066 E F0 .566(when not within a function.)3.066 F +(The)5.566 E .425(return status is 0 unless)144 108 R F1(local)2.925 E +F0 .425(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.285 E F0 .426(is supplied, or)3.105 F +F2(name)2.926 E F0 .426(is a)2.926 F(readonly v)144 120 Q(ariable.)-.25 +E F1(logout)108 136.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 136.8 Q F1(map\214le) +108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 +E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) -.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) --2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E +-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 165.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 (arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 136.8 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 189.6 R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 (is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C -1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 160.8 Q F0 .911 -(The \214rst character of)180 160.8 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 201.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 213.6 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 213.6 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 172.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 225.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 184.8 Q F0(Cop)180 184.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 237.6 Q F0(Cop)180 237.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 196.8 Q F0(Be)180 -196.8 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 249.6 Q F0(Be)180 +249.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E -2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 208.8 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 208.8 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 220.8 Q F0(Remo)180 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 261.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 261.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 273.6 Q F0(Remo)180 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 232.8 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 244.8 Q F0(Ev)180 -244.8 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 285.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 285.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 297.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +297.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 256.8 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 256.8 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 273.6 Q F12.967 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1144 309.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 309.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 326.4 Q F12.967 E F0 .467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 285.6 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 338.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 297.6 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 350.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 309.6 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 326.4 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 362.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 379.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 343.2 Q F0 .797 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 396 Q F0 .797 (returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 355.2 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 408 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 372 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091(se) -.15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 +F1(popd)108 424.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 +(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 (The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 -(directory listed by)144 396 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 +(directory listed by)144 448.8 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 (ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) --3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 420 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 420 R .551 +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 460.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E +5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 472.8 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 472.8 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 432 Q F1(+)144 444 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 -.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 -(from the stack.)180 456 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)-3.429 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .78 -(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 468 Q F1144 480 Q F2 -(n)A F0(Remo)180 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 -E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F -2.5(zero. F)180 492 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 484.8 Q F1(+)144 496.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 +(from the stack.)180 508.8 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:) +-3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 +.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 520.8 Q F1144 +532.8 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 +E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho) +B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with) +-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 544.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0) +2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E +(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -508.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 520.8 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 +561.6 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 573.6 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.697 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 (If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 -E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 532.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 549.6 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 +E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 585.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(Otherwise,)144 602.4 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) --.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 561.6 Q +-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 614.4 Q (xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144 -578.4 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 +631.2 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 (he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F -(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q F1(printf)108 607.2 Q F0 +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 643.2 Q F1(printf)108 660 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar) -A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 619.2 R F2(ar)2.857 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 -E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 631.2 R(ariable)-.25 -E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 643.2 Q(The)144 667.2 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ -aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\ -ape sequences, which are con)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 -(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 691.2 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 703.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 715.2 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G(mber 22).15 E(12)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 672 R F2(ar)2.857 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 .357(to the standard output under the control of the) +2.857 F F2(format)2.858 E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F12.858 E F0 +(op-)2.858 E .714(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 684 +R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714 +(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 F(output.)144 696 Q +(The)144 720 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a character string which co\ +ntains three types of objects: plain characters, which are)3.017 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%b)144 84 Q F0 -(causes)180 84 Q F1(printf)2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 -(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F -(same w)180 96 Q(ay as)-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 108 Q -F0(causes)180 108 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding) -2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F(input.)180 120 Q F1(%Q) -144 132 Q F0(lik)180 132 Q(e)-.1 E F1(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C -(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2 -(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 144 Q F2 -(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 156 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 168 R F2 -(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .704(simply copied to standard output, cha\ +racter escape sequences, which are con)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 96 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 108 Q +(gument)-.37 E F0 5.028(.I)C 2.528(na)-5.028 G .027 +(ddition to the standard)-2.528 F F1(printf)2.527 E F0 .027 +(\(3\) format characters)B/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csndiouxXeEfFgGaA)2.527 +E F0(,)A F2(printf)2.527 E F0(in-)2.527 E(terprets the follo)144 120 Q +(wing additional format speci\214ers:)-.25 E F2(%b)144 132 Q F0(causes) +180 132 Q F2(printf)2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 144 Q(ay as)-.1 +E F2(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%q)144 156 Q F0(causes)180 156 Q F2 +(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51 E +(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F +(input.)180 168 Q F2(%q)5.514 E F0(and)3.014 E F2(%Q)3.014 E F0 .514 +(use the)3.014 F F2($')3.014 E(')-.63 E F0 .514(quoting style if an) +3.014 F 3.015(yc)-.15 G .515(haracters in the ar)-3.015 F .515 +(gument string re-)-.18 F 1.286 +(quire it, and backslash quoting otherwise.)180 180 R 1.285 +(If the format string uses the)6.285 F F1(printf)3.785 E F0(alternate) +3.785 E(form, these tw)180 192 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(ormats quote the ar)-2.5 E +(gument string using single quotes.)-.18 E F2(%Q)144 204 Q F0(lik)180 +204 Q(e)-.1 E F2(%q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0 +(before quoting it.)2.5 E F2(%\()144 216 Q F1(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F0 +(causes)180 228 Q F2(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F1(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 240 R F1 +(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F1(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -180 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +252 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 192 R .693 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 264 R .693 (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)3.193 -F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 204 R -.15(ve)-.4 G +F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 276 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71 <66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71 -(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1 -(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 216 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902 -(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G -.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901 -(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man) -144 244.8 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358 -(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358 -(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E -(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 256.8 Q -(Ar)144 273.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ -ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F -1.258(minus sign is allo)144 285.6 R 1.259 +(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F2 +(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 288 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .946(The %b, %q, a\ +nd %T format speci\214ers all use the \214eld width and precision ar)144 +304.8 R .945(guments from the)-.18 F .338 +(format speci\214cation and write that man)144 316.8 R 2.838(yb)-.15 G +.338(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.838 F .339 +(xpanded ar)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(gument, which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 +328.8 Q(The %n format speci\214er accepts a corresponding ar)144 345.6 Q +(gument that is treated as a shell v)-.18 E(ariable name.)-.25 E .394 +(The %s and %c format speci\214ers accept an l \(long\) modi\214er)144 +362.4 R 2.893(,w)-.4 G .393(hich forces them to con)-2.893 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .393(rt the ar).15 F(-)-.2 E .32 +(gument string to a wide-character string and apply an)144 374.4 R 2.821 +(ys)-.15 G .321(upplied \214eld width and precision in terms)-2.821 F +(of characters, not bytes.)144 386.4 Q(Ar)144 403.2 Q .464(guments to n\ +on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 415.2 +R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 297.6 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 314.4 Q F2(format)2.515 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) -2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -326.4 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 427.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 444 Q F1(format)2.515 E F0 +.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F1(ar)2.515 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F1(format) +2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F1(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +456 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) .15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 338.4 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 367.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 379.2 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 391.2 R .088 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F -(the directory stack.)144 403.2 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -415.2 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ -g or adding directories to the)180 415.2 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 427.2 Q F1(+)144 -439.2 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 439.2 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 451.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 463.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 463.2 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +-.25 F .542(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 468 R .541 +(The return v)5.541 F .541(alue is zero on success, non-zero if an in) +-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .541(lid op-).25 F +(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 480 Q F2 +(pushd)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 508.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the t\ +op of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 520.8 +R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 +532.8 R .089(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar) +-5.489 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F +(the directory stack.)144 544.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 +556.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ +g or adding directories to the)180 556.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 568.8 Q F2(+)144 +580.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 580.8 R F1(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 592.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 604.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 604.8 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 475.2 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 487.2 Q F0(Adds)180 487.2 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 504 R F12.934 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0 -.435(uses the)2.935 F F1(cd)2.935 E F0 -.2(bu)2.935 G .435(iltin to).2 F -(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 516 Q(If the)5 E -F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 +F F2(dirs)180 616.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 628.8 Q F0(Adds)180 628.8 Q F1(dir)2.85 E F0 +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 645.6 R F22.935 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(pushd)2.934 E F0 +.434(uses the)2.934 F F2(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F +(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 657.6 Q(If the)5 E +F2(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F2(pushd)2.5 E F0 (returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144 -532.8 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092 -(When rotating the directory stack,)144 544.8 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093 -(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-) --.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 556.8 Q 1.278 -(If the)144 573.6 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 -(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 -(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 585.6 Q F1 -(pwd)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 614.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -626.4 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 638.4 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 650.4 R -.25(va) --.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 662.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -679.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 -E F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 --3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E -F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(timeout) -3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 691.2 -Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\ -, or from the \214le descriptor)144 703.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516 -(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 715.2 Q F1 -2.753 E F0 .253(option, split into w)2.753 F .253 -(ords as described in)-.1 F F2(bash\(1\))2.754 E F0(under)2.754 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.754 G .254(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.754(,a)C .254 -(nd the \214rst w)-2.754 F .254(ord is)-.1 F 1.425 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 727.2 R F2(name)4.285 E F0 3.925(,t).18 G -1.425(he second w)-3.925 F 1.425(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)4.285 E -F0 3.925(,a).18 G 1.425(nd so on.)-3.925 F 1.425(If there are more)6.425 -F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E -(13)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +674.4 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F2(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 686.4 R F2(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-) +-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 698.4 Q 1.277 +(If the)144 715.2 R F2(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F2(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278 +(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 727.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(13)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.1(wo)144 84 S 1.112 -(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112(ords and their interv)-.1 F -1.112(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 96 Q F0 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7 -(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845(Print the absolute pathname of the current w) +144 96 R .845(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +108 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 120 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +160.8 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E +F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E +F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E +F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A +([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ +tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q +F12.754 E F0 .254(option, split into w)2.754 F .254 +(ords as described in)-.1 F F2(bash\(1\))2.754 E F0(under)2.753 E F1 +-.75(Wo)2.753 G .253(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the \214rst w)-2.753 F .253(ord is)-.1 F 1.425 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)4.285 E F0 3.925(,t).18 G +1.425(he second w)-3.925 F 1.425(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)4.285 E +F0 3.925(,a).18 G 1.425(nd so on.)-3.925 F 1.425(If there are more)6.425 +F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144.36 232.8 Q +F0 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 108 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F 1.326(rules the shell uses for e)144 120 R 1.325 -(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F1(bash\(1\))3.825 E F0(under)3.825 E/F3 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)3.825 G 1.325(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.825 -(\). The)B(backslash)3.825 E .738(character \()144 132 R F3(\\)A F0 -3.238(\)m)C .739(ay be used to remo)-3.238 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -1.039 -.15(ny s).15 H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .739 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 +(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 +F 1.325(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R 1.325 +(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F2(bash\(1\))3.825 E F0(under)3.826 E F1 +-.75(Wo)3.826 G 1.326(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.826(\). The)B(backslash) +3.826 E .739(character \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 3.239(\)m)C .739 +(ay be used to remo)-3.239 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 1.039 -.15(ny s).15 +H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .738 (xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144 -144 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 156 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w) -180 168 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v) --.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025 -(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F1(aname)180.33 180 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 -E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E -F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3144 192 Q -F1(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 204 R F1(delim)2.78 E -F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 -(wline. If)-.25 F F1(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 216 Q F0(is the empty string,) -2.5 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 -144 228 Q F0 .629 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 228 R F3 -.18(re) -3.128 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)3.128 E F2(READLINE)3.128 E F0(in)2.878 E -F1(bash\(1\))3.128 E F0 3.128(\)i)C(s)-3.128 E .048 -(used to obtain the line.)180 240 R .049 +280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 +(The w)180 304.8 R 1.026 +(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F +F2(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,) +2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 364.8 Q F0 .628 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 +(re)3.129 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)3.129 E F3(READLINE)3.129 E F0(in) +2.879 E F2(bash\(1\))3.129 E F0 3.129(\)i)C(s)-3.129 E .049 +(used to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .049 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.049 F .049 -(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .049(as not pre)-.1 F(vi-)-.25 E -(ously acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b) +(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .048(as not pre)-.1 F(vi-)-.25 E +(ously acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b) -2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F3144 264 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 -E F0(If)180 264 Q F3 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3144 288 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 -(returns after reading)2.822 F F1(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 +(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 312 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 -144 324 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F3 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.275 F 1.003 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R -F3 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc)3.502 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 372 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F3(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 384 S .67 +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 448.8 Q +(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 +E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +144 460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F +1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 +R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F3180 396 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3144 408 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 420 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F -3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 432 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 -(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3 -144 444 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 444 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F .492(the line.)180 456 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab) --.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493 -(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 -468 Q F3144 480 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 480 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3 -144 492 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 504 Q F3 -.18(re)2.929 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 516 R F1(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 528 Q +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 532.8 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 +592.8 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) +180 604.8 Q F1144 616.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 616.8 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +144 628.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 652.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 664.8 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ +.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -540 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 552 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F3 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F3 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 564 S(riable) -.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 -(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 -F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a) --.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) -.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F -1.224(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 -F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225 -(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E -(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 -(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522 -(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F -.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 -640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 -(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18 -(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -652.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 -(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) --.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F3144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108 -693.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0 -.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 -(quent assignment.)144 717.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F33.596 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F1 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 729.6 Q 4.903(ed. The) --.1 F F34.903 E F0 2.403(option restricts the v)4.903 F 2.403 -(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.903(da).15 G 2.403(rrays; the) --4.903 F F34.903 E F0 2.402(option restricts the)4.903 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E -(14)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +676.8 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 688.8 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 700.8 S +(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 +.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) +2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 +G(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 712.8 R .228 +(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728 +(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F 2.393(turn EOF)180 724.8 R +4.893(,n)-.8 G 2.392(on-zero otherwise.)-4.893 F 2.392(The e)7.392 F +2.392(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is)-.15 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144 84 S .424(riables to associati) -.25 F .724 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.924(rrays. If).15 F .425 -(both options are supplied,)2.924 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.925 E -F0(tak)2.925 E .425(es precedence.)-.1 F .425(If no)5.425 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.285 E F0(ar)3.105 E(-)-.2 E 1.275 -(guments are gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.275(n, or if the).15 F F1 -3.775 E F0 1.275 -(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.775 F -(The)6.275 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\ - subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1 -3.059 E F0 .201(option causes output to be displayed in a format that m\ -ay be reused as input.)144 120 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25 -F(follo)144 132 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C -.133(he v)-2.633 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133(ariable is set to)-.25 -F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133 -(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26 -(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F -F12.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(ex)180 84 S(ceeded.).15 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 96 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 112.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 +124.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 +(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 +(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 +136.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 +(signing to a readonly v)144 148.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) +.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1144 160.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +177.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 189.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 +F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 +(quent assignment.)144 201.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 213.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +-.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 +(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) +-3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 225.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 +(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 249.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) +144 261.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +273.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) +3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) +-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) +144 285.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 297.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 314.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 326.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 338.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 350.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +144 362.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 -(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15 +.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 386.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 +(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 398.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 422.4 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 434.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 446.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1 -(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 458.4 Q F1 +(set)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +(set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -357.6 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 -(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 +499.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 511.2 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 523.2 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 -(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G --.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 -(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161 +F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 535.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G +.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 +G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 +(tion processing are treated as v)144 547.2 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A F1 -2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 429.6 Q F0 -1.377(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377 +2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 559.2 Q F0(,)A +F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 571.2 Q +F0 1.378(Each v)184 571.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 453.6 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q -F2 .86(compound command)3.36 F F0(\(see)3.36 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .86 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.36 F F0(in)3.11 E F2(bash\(1\))3.36 E F0 .86(\), e)B -.86(xits with a non-zero sta-)-.15 F 2.852(tus. The)184 501.6 R .352 -(shell does not e)2.852 F .352(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .353 -(ails is part of the command list imme-)-.1 F 1.108(diately follo)184 -513.6 R 1.108(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.608 E F0(or)3.608 E F1(until) -3.608 E F0 -.1(ke)3.608 G(yw)-.05 E 1.107(ord, part of the test follo) --.1 F 1.107(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.607 E F0(or)3.607 E F1(elif)3.607 E -F0(re-)3.607 E(serv)184 525.6 Q .279(ed w)-.15 F .279(ords, part of an) --.1 F 2.779(yc)-.15 G .279(ommand e)-2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .279 -(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)2.779 E F0(or)2.779 E F1(||)2.78 E F0 .28 -(list e)2.78 F .28(xcept the command fol-)-.15 F(lo)184 537.6 Q .703 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.203 E F0(or)3.203 E F1(||)3.203 E F0 -3.203(,a)C 1.003 -.15(ny c)-3.203 H .703(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F -.703(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .476(return v)184 -549.6 R .476(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .476(rted with).15 F -F1(!)2.976 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976(fac)-5.476 G .476 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 583.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 595.2 Q F0 .131 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 595.2 R +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +(primary prompt.)184 607.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 619.2 Q F0 +.088(Exit immediately if a)184 619.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 631.2 Q +F2 .86(compound command)3.359 F F0(\(see)3.36 E F3 .86(SHELL GRAMMAR) +3.36 F F0(in)3.11 E F2(bash\(1\))3.36 E F0 .86(\), e)B .86 +(xits with a non-zero sta-)-.15 F 2.853(tus. The)184 643.2 R .353 +(shell does not e)2.853 F .352(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .352 +(ails is part of the command list imme-)-.1 F 1.107(diately follo)184 +655.2 R 1.107(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.607 E F0(or)3.607 E F1(until) +3.607 E F0 -.1(ke)3.607 G(yw)-.05 E 1.108(ord, part of the test follo) +-.1 F 1.108(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.608 E F0(or)3.608 E F1(elif)3.608 E +F0(re-)3.608 E(serv)184 667.2 Q .28(ed w)-.15 F .28(ords, part of an)-.1 +F 2.78(yc)-.15 G .28(ommand e)-2.78 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .279(cuted in a).15 +F F1(&&)2.779 E F0(or)2.779 E F1(||)2.779 E F0 .279(list e)2.779 F .279 +(xcept the command fol-)-.15 F(lo)184 679.2 Q .702(wing the \214nal)-.25 +F F1(&&)3.203 E F0(or)3.203 E F1(||)3.203 E F0 3.203(,a)C 1.003 -.15 +(ny c)-3.203 H .703(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .703 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F(s)-.55 E .476(return v)184 691.2 +R .476(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .476(rted with).15 F F1(!) +2.976 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976(fac)-5.476 G .476 (ompound command other than a subshell re-)-2.976 F .418 -(turns a non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R .418 -(ailed while)-.1 F F12.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sb).1 G .417 -(eing ignored, the shell)-2.918 F .472(does not e)184 573.6 R 2.972 -(xit. A)-.15 F .472(trap on)2.972 F F1(ERR)2.972 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972 -(fs)-2.972 G .472(et, is e)-2.972 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .473 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.973(xits. This)-.15 F .473(option ap-) -2.973 F 2.114(plies to the shell en)184 585.6 R 2.113 -(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 2.113(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3(COM-)4.613 E .675(MAND EXECUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)-.27 -E F0(in)2.925 E F2(bash\(1\))3.175 E F0 .675 -(\), and may cause subshells to e)B .676(xit be-)-.15 F(fore e)184 609.6 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E .999 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F13.498 E F0 .998 -(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 639.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body) -.15 F .503(will be af)184 651.6 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1 -3.002 E F0 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f) --3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 -F .502(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 663.6 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G -1.683(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.183 F F14.184 E F0 -1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) --.15 E(where)184 675.6 Q F13.154 E F0 .654 -(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 --.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 687.6 Q F1 -144 699.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 699.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -144 711.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -711.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F -(abled by def)184 723.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No) -136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(15)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(turns a non-zero status because a command f)184 703.2 R .418 +(ailed while)-.1 F F12.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sb).1 G .418 +(eing ignored, the shell)-2.918 F .473(does not e)184 715.2 R 2.973 +(xit. A)-.15 F .473(trap on)2.973 F F1(ERR)2.973 E F0 2.972(,i)C 2.972 +(fs)-2.972 G .472(et, is e)-2.972 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .472 +(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.972(xits. This)-.15 F .472(option ap-) +2.972 F 5.074(plies to the shell en)184 727.2 R 5.074 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F 5.074(vironment separately \(see) +-.4 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .514 -(All ar)184 84 R .514 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .071 +(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)184 84 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(in)2.32 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.57 E F0 .07 +(\), and may cause subshells to e)B(xit)-.15 E(before e)184 96 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E .998 +(If a compound command or shell function e)184 114 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .999 +(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +3.499 E F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e) +184 126 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089 +(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502 +(will be af)184 138 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F33.002 E F0 .502 +(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F3 +3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503 +(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 150 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684 +(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F34.183 E F0 +1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt) +-.15 E(where)184 162 Q F33.153 E F0 .653 +(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 +-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 174 Q F3 +144 186 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 186 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +144 198 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 198 +R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 210 +Q(ault.)-.1 E F3144 222 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 222 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 96 Q F1 -144 108 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 108 R .148 -(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F -.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .235 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 120 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .235 -(JOB CONTR)2.735 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)2.485 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(bash\(1\))2.735 E F0 2.735(\). All)B .234(processes run in a sepa-) -2.735 F .252(rate process group.)184 132 R .252 +F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 234 Q F3 +144 246 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 246 R .149 +(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F +.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .234 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 258 R F1 .235(JOB CONTR)2.735 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(in)2.485 E F2(bash\(1\))2.735 E F0 2.735(\). All)B .235 +(processes run in a sepa-)2.735 F .253(rate process group.)184 270 R +.252 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing) -5.252 F(its e)184 144 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1144 156 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 156 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 168 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 180 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E -F0(The)184 192 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 -E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 252 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 252 R 2.589 +5.253 F(its e)184 282 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F3144 294 Q F0 .652 +(Read commands b)184 294 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 +(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 306 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F3144 318 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 330 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F3(allexport)184 342 Q F0(Same as)224 354 Q F32.5 E +F0(.)A F3(braceexpand)184 366 Q F0(Same as)224 378 Q F32.5 E F0(.) +A F3(emacs)184 390 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 390 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 264 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 -(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 276 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) --.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 288 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 288 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 372 Q F0 1.001(Enable command history)224 372 R 3.502(,a) --.65 G 3.502(sd)-3.502 G 1.002(escribed in)-3.502 F F3(bash\(1\))3.502 E -F0(under)3.502 E F2(HIST)3.502 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0 1.002(This op-)5.502 F(tion is on by def)224 384 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -396 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 408 R 1.657 +(when the shell is interacti)224 402 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F3(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 414 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F3(err) +184 426 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 426 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3 +(errtrace)184 438 Q F0(Same as)224 438 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3 +(functrace)184 450 Q F0(Same as)224 462 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3 +(hashall)184 474 Q F0(Same as)224 474 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3 +(histexpand)184 486 Q F0(Same as)224 498 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3 +(history)184 510 Q F0 1.002(Enable command history)224 510 R 3.502(,a) +-.65 G 3.502(sd)-3.502 G 1.002(escribed in)-3.502 F F2(bash\(1\))3.502 E +F0(under)3.502 E F1(HIST)3.502 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F0 1.001(This op-)5.502 F(tion is on by def)224 522 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F3(ignor)184 +534 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 546 R 1.656 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -420 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(in)2.5 E F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 -(\).)A F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 468 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 480 Q F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 504 Q F0(Same as)224 504 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 516 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 516 Q F1(notify)184 528 Q F0 -(Same as)224 528 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 540 Q F0(Same as) -224 540 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 552 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 564 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 564 Q -F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 576 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 576 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 588 -R 1.136 +4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +558 Q F3(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 +(\).)A F3 -.1(ke)184 570 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 582 Q F3 +2.5 E F0(.)A F3(monitor)184 594 Q F0(Same as)224 594 Q F32.5 +E F0(.)A F3(noclob)184 606 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F32.5 +E F0(.)A F3(noexec)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A +F3(noglob)184 642 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3(nolog) +184 654 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 654 Q F3(notify)184 666 Q F0 +(Same as)224 666 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3(nounset)184 678 Q F0(Same as) +224 678 Q F32.5 E F0(.)A F3(onecmd)184 690 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q +F32.5 E F0(.)A F3(ph)184 702 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q +F32.5 E F0(.)A F3(pipefail)184 714 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) +224 714 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 726 R +1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 600 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 612 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 612 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 -2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F 2.704(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -624 R F3 2.704(posix mode)B F0 5.204(\). See)B F2 2.704(SEE ALSO)5.204 F -F0(in)4.953 E F3(bash\(1\))224 636 Q F0 1.844 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)4.344 F 4.344(wp)-.25 G -1.845(osix mode af)-4.344 F(fects)-.25 E(bash')224 648 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(eha)-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0 -(Same as)224 672 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 684 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 696 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 -708 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E -(16)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(16)190.95 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0 -(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F13.052 E F0 -.552(is supplied with no)3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -114 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1 -144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 138 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 162 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 174 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 198 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.15(ex)224 84 S(it successfully).15 E 5 +(.T)-.65 G(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(posix)184 96 Q F0 2.091(Change the beha)224 96 R 2.091 +(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091 +(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 2.704 +(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF 2.704(posix mode)B F0 5.204(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.704 +(SEE ALSO)5.204 F F0(in)4.954 E F2(bash\(1\))224 120 Q F0 1.844 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)4.345 F 4.344(wp)-.25 G +1.844(osix mode af)-4.344 F(fects)-.25 E(bash')224 132 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(eha)-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 144 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0 +(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 168 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 168 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 180 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 180 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 192 +Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) +184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 222 Q F1 +3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +234 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 246 Q F1 +144 258 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 258 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 270 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 282 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 294 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 306 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 318 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 210 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1144 234 Q F0 -(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 234 Q -(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1144 246 Q -F0(Exit after reading and e)184 246 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 258 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 258 S .774 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 330 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 342 Q F1144 354 Q F0 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 354 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1144 366 Q +F0(Exit after reading and e)184 366 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 378 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 378 S .773 (eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 270 R .459(ariables \ -subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e) --.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 282 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391 +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 390 R .459(ariables s\ +ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 +F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 402 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 -F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F -(error message, and, if not interacti)184 294 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) -.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1144 306 Q F0 -(Print shell input lines as the)184 306 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E -F1144 318 Q F0 .315(After e)184 318 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 +F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F +(error message, and, if not interacti)184 414 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) +.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1144 426 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 426 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F1144 438 Q F0 .315(After e)184 438 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 (command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 330 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 450 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) .25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 -(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 342 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E -(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 354 Q F0 -1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 354 R 1.053(xpansion \(see)-.15 F -F1 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F0(in)3.553 E F2(bash\(1\))3.553 E F0 -3.553(\). This)B 1.053(is on by)3.553 F(def)184 366 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -144 378 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214 -(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 -(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 390 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 462 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list, to standard error)-.1 E(.)-.55 +E F1144 474 Q F0 1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 474 R 1.053 +(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F0(in)3.553 E F2 +(bash\(1\))3.553 E F0 3.553(\). This)B 1.053(is on by)3.553 F(def)184 +486 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 498 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 498 R F1(bash) +2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F +.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 510 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 402 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 414 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 414 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 426 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 438 Q F1 -144 450 Q F0(Enable)184 450 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 462 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 474 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 474 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 -(that change the current w)184 486 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 -(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 498 R(def) -3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 +.15 F(tor)184 522 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 534 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 534 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 546 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 558 Q F1 +144 570 Q F0(Enable)184 570 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 582 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 594 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 594 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 +(that change the current w)184 606 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 +(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 618 R(def) +3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 510 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -522 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 522 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 630 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +642 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 642 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 654 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 546 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 558 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 558 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 570 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 666 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 678 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)184 678 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 690 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -582 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R -F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G -.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 594 -R F13.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 +702 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 702 R +F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G +.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 714 +R F13.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F13.022 E F0 .522 (options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) -3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B -(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8 -R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 -(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 634.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 -(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 658.8 Q F1(shift)108 675.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 699.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 726 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][) -C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 112.8 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .425(The options are of)144 84 R 2.925(fb) +-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.) +-.1 F .425(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 96 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 108 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 120 Q F1(shift)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 +148.8 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) +2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F +(bers)144 160.8 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) +2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083 +(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H +.082(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f) +-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 172.8 +R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 +(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144 +(positional parameters are not changed.)144 184.8 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143 +(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 196.8 Q F1(shopt)108 213.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 225.6 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 124.8 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 237.6 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 136.8 R .066 +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 249.6 R .065 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F12.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 261.6 R F2 (optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 160.8 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ +(tions. The)144 273.6 R F13.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 196.8 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 208.8 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 220.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 -E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 244.8 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +E(options ha)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +297.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 309.6 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 309.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +321.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 321.6 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 333.6 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 345.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 357.6 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 357.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 261.6 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 374.4 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 -(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) --.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 +(set or unset, respecti)144 386.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) +-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 398.4 S(ult.) .1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +415.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885 +144 427.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 439.2 Q(The list of)144 456 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 474 Q F0 1.945 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 486 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.944 +(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 498 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 -(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 510 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(autocd)144 522 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 522 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 534 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 546 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 558 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 570 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 582 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -469.2 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +582 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 594 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 606 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.237 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 577.2 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +(the command proceeds.)184 618 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 630 Q F0 .736 +(If set,)184 642 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 654 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 666 Q +F0 .449(If set,)184 678 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 690 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G .161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.091 -(tempted without an interv)184 589.2 R 1.091(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.091(JOB CONTR)3.591 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)3.341 E F2 -(bash\(1\))3.591 E F0 3.591(\). The)B(shell)3.591 E(al)184 601.2 Q -.1 -(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 613.2 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -625.2 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G -1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85 -(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E -F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 649.2 S(ult.).1 E F1 -(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173 -(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 673.2 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S .052(ult, b).1 -F .052(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .052 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described in)-.25 F F2 -(bash\(1\))2.552 E F0(under)2.552 E F3(HIST)184 697.2 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F4(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(mber 22).15 E(18)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.091 +(tempted without an interv)184 702 R 1.091(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F3 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.091(JOB CONTR)3.591 F(OL)-.27 E F0(in)3.341 E F2 +(bash\(1\))3.591 E F0 3.591(\). The)B(shell)3.591 E(al)184 714 Q -.1(wa) +-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E +(18)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)144 84 Q -(compat32)144 96 Q(compat40)144 108 Q(compat41)144 120 Q(compat42)144 -132 Q(compat43)144 144 Q(compat44)144 156 Q(compat50)144 168 Q F0 .889 -(These control aspects of the shell')184 180 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889 -(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .889(SHELL COMP) -3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 192 Q F0(in)2.25 E/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(complete_fullquote)144 -208.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 220.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all \ -shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F -(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 232.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F -F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ -haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -244.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 256.8 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 268.8 R 1.073 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 84 Q +F0 1.09(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F +3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F +1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 108 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G +.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 120 S(ult.).1 E +F1(cmdhist)144 132 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 +(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) +184 144 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .052(ult, b).1 F +.052(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .052 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described in)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.552 E F0(under)2.552 E F2(HIST)184 168 Q +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1(compat31)144 180 Q(compat32)144 192 Q +(compat40)144 204 Q(compat41)144 216 Q(compat42)144 228 Q(compat43)144 +240 Q(compat44)144 252 Q(compat50)144 264 Q F0 .889 +(These control aspects of the shell')184 276 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889 +(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT) +-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 288 Q F0(in)2.25 E F4(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 +(\).)A F1(complete_fullquote)144 304.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 316.8 R F1 +(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames an\ +d directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 +328.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign) +-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in comple\ +ted \214lenames when these)184 340.8 R .029 +(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 352.8 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 +(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 364.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 280.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 376.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -292.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 304.8 Q +388.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 400.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 321.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 333.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 417.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 +(If set,)184 429.6 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -345.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 357.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 374.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -374.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +441.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +453.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 470.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +470.4 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 386.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F1(dotglob)144 403.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 403.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 482.4 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 499.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 499.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 ('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 415.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 511.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') .63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 432 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 -432 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 528 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 +528 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 -444 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +540 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 460.8 Q F0 .743 -(If set, aliases are e)184 472.8 R .743(xpanded as described in)-.15 F -F3(bash\(1\))3.243 E F0(under)3.243 E F2(ALIASES)3.243 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .742(This option is en-)5.243 F(abled by def) -184 484.8 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1 -(extdeb)144 501.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 513.6 R -.2 -(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 525.6 R F1 -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 537.6 Q +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 556.8 Q F0 .742 +(If set, aliases are e)184 568.8 R .743(xpanded as described in)-.15 F +F4(bash\(1\))3.243 E F0(under)3.243 E F2(ALIASES)3.243 E F3(.)A F0 .743 +(This option is en-)5.243 F(abled by def)184 580.8 Q(ault for interacti) +-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 597.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +.17(If set at shell in)184 609.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 +(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 621.6 R F1 +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 633.6 Q (vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 -554.4 Q F0(The)220 554.4 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F -F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +650.4 Q F0(The)220 650.4 Q F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 566.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 583.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) -220 583.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 662.4 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 679.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +220 679.2 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) 4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E -(command is skipped and not e)220 595.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -(3.)184 612 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 612 R F1(DEB)3.34 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841 -(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 624 S .488 +(command is skipped and not e)220 691.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 +(3.)184 708 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 708 R F1(DEB)3.341 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 +(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 720 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 636 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 652.8 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 652.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E -F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(in)220 664.8 Q -F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(5.)184 681.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing\ - is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 681.6 R -(shells in)220 693.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E -F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 710.4 -Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functi\ -ons, and subshells)220 710.4 R(in)220 722.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(19)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(19)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extglob)144 84 Q F0 -.273(If set, the e)184 84 R .273 -(xtended pattern matching features described in)-.15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.772 E F0(under)2.772 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.772 G -.272(thname Ex-).1 F(pansion)184 96 Q F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote) -144 112.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 124.8 R F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F2(string)A -F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 3.36("q)C -.86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1(${)3.36 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86(pansions en-).15 F -(closed in double quotes.)184 136.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 153.6 Q F0 .243(If set, patterns which f) -184 153.6 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 -(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 165.6 Q(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 182.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 194.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 206.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.293(pletions. See)184 218.4 R -F3 .793(SHELL V)3.293 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(in)3.043 E F2(bash\(1\)) -3.293 E F0 .794(for a description of)3.293 F F3(FIGNORE)3.294 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .794(This op-)5.294 F(tion is enabled by def) -184 230.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 247.2 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 259.2 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 271.2 Q F0(in)3.115 E F2(bash\(1\))3.365 E F0 3.365(\)b)C -(eha)-3.365 E 1.165 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.365(si).15 G 3.365(fi)-3.365 G -3.365(nt)-3.365 G .866(he traditional C locale when performing compar) --3.365 F(-)-.2 E 2.668(isons. That)184 283.2 R .168 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)220 84 Q(ce)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18 +(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 100.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.27(BA)220 100.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G +(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions) +3.154 F(in)220 112.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A +F1(5.)184 129.6 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is enabled: command substit\ +ution, shell functions, and sub-)220 129.6 R(shells in)220 141.6 Q -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 +E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 158.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing \ +is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 +158.4 R(in)220 170.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E +F1(\()2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 +E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 187.2 Q F0 .272(If set, the e)184 187.2 +R .272(xtended pattern matching features described in)-.15 F F3 +(bash\(1\))2.773 E F0(under)2.773 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.773 G .273(thname Ex-).1 +F(pansion)184 199.2 Q F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 216 Q F0 .86 +(If set,)184 228 R F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd) +-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0(")A F3(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86 +(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1(${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E +F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86(pansions en-).15 F +(closed in double quotes.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 256.8 Q F0 .242(If set, patterns which f) +184 256.8 R .243(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 268.8 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 285.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 297.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 309.6 R +.32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G +.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.294 +(pletions. See)184 321.6 R F2 .794(SHELL V)3.294 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(in)3.044 E F3(bash\(1\))3.294 E F0 .793(for a description of)3.293 F F2 +(FIGNORE)3.293 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .793(This op-)5.293 F +(tion is enabled by def)184 333.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 +350.4 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 362.4 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 374.4 Q F0(in)3.116 E F3(bash\(1\))3.366 E F0 3.366(\)b)C +(eha)-3.366 E 1.166 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.366(si).15 G 3.366(fi)-3.366 G +3.365(nt)-3.366 G .865(he traditional C locale when performing compar) +-3.365 F(-)-.2 E 2.668(isons. That)184 386.4 R .168 (is, the current locale')2.668 F 2.668(sc)-.55 G .168 (ollating sequence is not tak)-2.668 F .168(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .562(not collate between)184 295.2 R F1(A) -3.062 E F0(and)3.062 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F -.562(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .563 -(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2 F(late together)184 307.2 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(globskipdots)144 324 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 336 R .285 -(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 +(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .563(not collate between)184 398.4 R F1(A) +3.063 E F0(and)3.063 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F +.562(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .562 +(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2 F(late together)184 410.4 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(globskipdots)144 427.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 439.2 R +.284(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) --2.784 F(tern be)184 348 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') -.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(globstar)144 364.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 364.8 R F1(**) -3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 376.8 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -388.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 405.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ -ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 417.6 Q F1 -(histappend)144 434.4 Q F0 .676 +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) +-2.785 F(tern be)184 451.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 +(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 +E F1(globstar)144 468 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 468 R F1(**) +3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 480 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +492 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 508.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ +tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 520.8 Q F1 +(histappend)144 537.6 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -446.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 458.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 475.2 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 487.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 499.2 Q F1(histv)144 516 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +549.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 561.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 578.4 Q(eedit) +-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 590.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 602.4 Q F1(histv)144 619.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 631.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 540 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 552 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E -2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 568.8 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 580.8 R F1 -.18(re) -3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 -1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F .503(when a w) -184 592.8 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 643.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 655.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 +E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 +(hostcomplete)144 672 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F .502(when a w)184 +696 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0 .503 (is being completed \(see)3.003 F F1(Completing)3.003 E F0(under)3.003 E -F3(READLINE)3.003 E F0(in)2.752 E F2(bash\(1\))184 604.8 Q F0 2.5 -(\). This)B(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 621.6 Q -F0(If set,)184 633.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E -F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 650.4 Q(exit)-.18 E -F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 662.4 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 674.4 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 -E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments) -.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 703.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F -.33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 -(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .39 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 715.2 R .69 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .39(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)2.89 E F0(in)2.64 E F2(bash\(1\))2.89 -E F0 2.89(\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 727.2 Q(ault.) --.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 -E(20)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +F2(READLINE)3.003 E F0(in)2.753 E F3(bash\(1\))184 708 Q F0 2.5 +(\). This)B(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(lastpipe)144 84 Q F0 -.066(If set, and job control is not acti)184 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 84 Q F0 +(If set,)184 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 +H(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 112.8 Q(exit)-.18 E +F0 .22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 124.8 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 136.8 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) +144 153.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 165.6 R +2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E +F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) +-.1 F .39(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 177.6 R .69 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .39(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)2.89 E F0(in)2.64 E F3 +(bash\(1\))2.89 E F0 2.89(\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 +189.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 206.4 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 206.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 96 Q(vironment.)-.4 -E F1(lithist)144 112.8 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 112.8 R F1(cmdhist) -3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 124.8 Q +(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 218.4 Q(vironment.) +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 235.2 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 235.2 R F1 +(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) +-3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 247.2 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 141.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 153.6 R +(localv)144 264 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 276 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -165.6 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 -(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 177.6 Q -F1(localv)144 194.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 206.4 R -F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +288 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 300 Q +F1(localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 328.8 R +F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 218.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 230.4 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 247.2 -Q F0 .693 +the beha)184 340.8 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 352.8 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 369.6 +Q F0 .692 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -259.2 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)3.192 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in) -2.942 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.192 E F0(\).)A(The v)184 -271.2 Q(alue may not be changed.)-.25 E F1(mailwar)144 288 Q(n)-.15 E F0 -.814(If set, and a \214le that)184 300 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 312 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +381.6 R F2(INV)3.193 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in)2.943 E F3 +(bash\(1\))3.193 E F0(\).)A(The v)184 393.6 Q(alue may not be changed.) +-.25 E F1(mailwar)144 410.4 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 422.4 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 434.4 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 -328.8 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E -F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 352.8 Q -F1(nocaseglob)144 369.6 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 381.6 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 393.6 S +451.2 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 463.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E +F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 475.2 Q +F1(nocaseglob)144 492 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 504 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 516 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(in)2.5 E -F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(nocasematch)144 410.4 Q F0 1.194(If set,) -184 422.4 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 434.4 R +F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(nocasematch)144 532.8 Q F0 1.193(If set,) +184 544.8 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 556.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 446.4 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 568.8 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -458.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 475.2 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 487.2 R -F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ -ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 499.2 Q +580.8 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 597.6 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 609.6 R +F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ +ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 621.6 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 516 Q F0 .319(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)2.819 E F0(allo) -2.819 E .319(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 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O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 507.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 519.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 531.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 531.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.231 +(primaries described in)144 559.2 R F2(bash\(1\))3.731 E F0(under)3.731 +E F3(CONDITION)3.731 E 1.231(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)5.731 E F0 1.232(does not accept an)3.731 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 571.2 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 589.2 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 601.2 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 613.2 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 625.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 625.2 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 637.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 637.2 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 543.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 555.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 567.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 579.6 S -(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -591.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 608.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 649.2 Q F2 -.2 +(ex)144 661.2 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 673.2 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 685.2 S +(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 +697.2 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 714 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 638.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 650.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 662.4 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 674.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 686.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.682(If the \214rst ar)180 698.4 R 1.683 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F F3 -(bash\(1\))4.183 E F0(under)4.183 E F2(CONDITION)180 710.4 Q .122 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .122(the e)2.372 F .122 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .121 -(If the \214rst)5.121 F(ar)180 722.4 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(22)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(22) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E -.236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E +(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 +144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C +.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 +F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.683(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R 1.683 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))4.182 E F0(under)4.182 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(CONDITION)180 168 Q .121(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(,)A F0 .121(the e)2.371 F .122 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .122 +(If the \214rst)5.122 F(ar)180 180 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .546 -(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 108 R/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))3.046 E F0(under)3.046 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,) -A F0 .887(the result of the e)180 120 R .888(xpression is the result of\ - the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .434 -(ments as operands.)180 132 R(The)5.434 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.934 E F0(and)2.934 E F42.934 E F0 .434 -(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .645 -(are three ar)180 144 R 3.145(guments. If)-.18 F .645(the \214rst ar) -3.145 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)3.146 E F0 3.146(,t)C .646(he v) --3.146 F .646(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .646(tion of the tw) -.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .452 -(ment test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 2.951(guments. If) +(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 216 R F2(bash\(1\))3.046 +E F0(under)3.046 E F3(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,) +A F0 .888(the result of the e)180 228 R .888(xpression is the result of\ + the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .433 +(ments as operands.)180 240 R(The)5.434 E F12.934 E F0(and)2.934 E +F12.934 E F0 .434 +(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .646 +(are three ar)180 252 R 3.146(guments. If)-.18 F .646(the \214rst ar) +3.146 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.146 E F0 3.146(,t)C .646(he v) +-3.146 F .645(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .645(tion of the tw) +.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .451 +(ment test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 2.951(guments. If) -.18 F .451(the \214rst ar)2.951 F .451(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E -F4(\()2.951 E F0 .451(and the)2.951 F 1.164(third ar)180 168 R 1.164 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))3.664 E F0 3.664(,t)C 1.164 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.664 F 1.165(gument test of the second ar) --.18 F(gument.)-.18 E(Otherwise, the e)180 180 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E -(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo) -180 204 R .43(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F -.429(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)2.929 E F0 -2.929(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 216 R -.05(ga) --.15 G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 -(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 -(ments. the)180 228 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 -F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 240 R(xactly) --.15 E F4(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e) --.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F4(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 -(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F -.184(second and third ar)180 252 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 -(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183 -(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 264 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 276 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E -(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 288 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) +F1(\()2.952 E F0 .452(and the)2.952 F 1.165(third ar)180 276 R 1.165 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.665 E F0 3.664(,t)C 1.164 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.664 F 1.164(gument test of the second ar) +-.18 F(gument.)-.18 E(Otherwise, the e)180 288 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E +(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429 +(The follo)180 312 R .429 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43 +(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C +.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 324 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744 +(ments. the)180 336 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18 +F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 348 R(xactly) +-.15 E F1(\()2.81 E F0 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18 +F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw) +-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183 +(second and third ar)180 360 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 +(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184 +(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 372 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 384 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E +(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 396 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) -.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 300 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 318 Q F4(test)2.5 E F0(or) -2.5 E F4([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F4(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(>)2.5 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 408 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 426 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) +2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 -E F4(times)108 334.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ -imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 334.8 R -(The return status is 0.)144 346.8 Q F4(trap)108 363.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(action)A F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(The)144 375.6 Q F1(action)3.733 E F0 .903 -(is a command that is read and e)3.643 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .903 +E F1(times)108 442.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ +imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 442.8 R +(The return status is 0.)144 454.8 Q F1(trap)108 471.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(action)A F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(The)144 483.6 Q F2(action)3.734 E F0 .903 +(is a command that is read and e)3.644 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .903 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.403(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.403 E F1(sigspec)3.744 E F0 5.904(.I).31 G(f)-5.904 E F1 -(action)144.33 387.6 Q F0 .106(is absent \(and there is a single)2.846 F -F1(sigspec)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F42.605 E F0 2.605(,e)C -.105(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original dis-)-2.605 F .626 -(position \(the v)144 399.6 R .626 -(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.626 E F1(action) +(ignal\(s\))-3.403 E F2(sigspec)3.743 E F0 5.903(.I).31 G(f)-5.903 E F2 +(action)144.33 495.6 Q F0 .105(is absent \(and there is a single)2.845 F +F2(sigspec)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)o)C(r)-2.605 E F12.605 E F0 2.605(,e)C +.106(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original dis-)-2.605 F .627 +(position \(the v)144 507.6 R .626 +(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)-.25 F(If)5.626 E F2(action) 3.456 E F0 .626(is the null string the signal speci-)3.366 F -(\214ed by each)144 411.6 Q F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(\214ed by each)144 519.6 Q F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)2.81 E -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 429.6 R .165 -(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F4(trap)2.665 E F0 .165 +-.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E .165(If no ar)144 537.6 R .165 +(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(trap)2.665 E F0 .165 (displays the actions associated with each trapped signal as a set)2.665 -F(of)144 441.6 Q F4(trap)2.569 E F0 .069(commands that can be reused as\ - shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.)2.569 F(If)5.07 -E F42.57 E F0 .474(is gi)144 453.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .474(n, and) -.15 F F1(action)3.303 E F0 .473(is not present, then)3.213 F F4(trap) -2.973 E F0 .473(displays the actions associated with each)2.973 F F1 -(sigspec)3.313 E F0(or)3.283 E(,)-.4 E .363 -(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 465.6 R -F4(trap)2.864 E F0 .364(commands that can be reused as shell)2.864 F -(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 477.6 Q(The)144 -495.6 Q F43.217 E F0 .717(option causes)3.217 F F4(trap)3.217 E F0 +F(of)144 549.6 Q F1(trap)2.57 E F0 .069(commands that can be reused as \ +shell input to restore the current signal dispositions.)2.57 F(If)5.069 +E F12.569 E F0 .473(is gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .473(n, and) +.15 F F2(action)3.303 E F0 .473(is not present, then)3.213 F F1(trap) +2.973 E F0 .473(displays the actions associated with each)2.973 F F2 +(sigspec)3.314 E F0(or)3.284 E(,)-.4 E .364 +(if none are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of)144 573.6 R +F1(trap)2.864 E F0 .363(commands that can be reused as shell)2.864 F +.207(input to restore the current signal dispositions.)144 585.6 R(The) +5.207 E F12.707 E F0 .207(option beha)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.707 +(ss).15 G(imilarly)-2.707 E 2.707(,b)-.65 G .208(ut displays only)-2.907 +F 1.553(the actions associated with each)144 597.6 R F2(sigspec)4.052 E +F0(ar)4.052 E(gument.)-.18 E F16.552 E F0 1.552 +(requires at least one)4.052 F F2(sigspec)4.052 E F0(ar)4.052 E(gument.) +-.18 E(The)144 609.6 Q F12.726 E F0(or)2.726 E F12.727 E F0 +.227(options to)2.727 F F1(trap)2.727 E F0 .227 +(may be used in a subshell en)2.727 F .227 +(vironment \(e.g., command substitution\))-.4 F .993 +(and, as long as the)144 621.6 R 3.493(ya)-.15 G .993(re used before) +-3.493 F F1(trap)3.493 E F0 .993(is used to change a signal')3.493 F +3.492(sh)-.55 G .992(andling, will display the)-3.492 F +(state of its parent')144 633.6 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(raps.)-2.5 E(The)144 +651.6 Q F13.216 E F0 .716(option causes)3.216 F F1(trap)3.216 E F0 .716(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.) -3.216 F(Each)5.716 E F1(sigspec)144.34 507.6 Q F0 .709 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.518 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .709 -(>, or a signal number)B 5.709(.S)-.55 G .709(ignal names are case) --5.709 F(insensiti)144 519.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E F2(SIG) -2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .092(If a)144 537.6 R F1(sigspec) -2.932 E F0(is)2.902 E F2(EXIT)2.592 E F0 .092(\(0\) the command)2.342 F -F1(action)2.921 E F0 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e) -.15 F .091(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .091(If a)5.091 F F1(sigspec)2.931 -E F0(is)2.901 E F2(DE-)2.591 E -.09(BU)144 549.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 -1.244(the command)3.494 F F1(action)4.074 E F0 1.244(is e)3.984 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.244(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.245 -(simple command)3.744 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.745 E F0(command,)3.745 E F1 -(case)3.745 E F0(com-)3.745 E(mand,)144 561.6 Q F1(select)2.697 E F0 +3.216 F(Each)5.717 E F2(sigspec)144.34 663.6 Q F0 .709 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.519 F F2(signal.h)A F0 .709 +(>, or a signal number)B 5.708(.S)-.55 G .708(ignal names are case) +-5.708 F(insensiti)144 675.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E F3(SIG) +2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .091(If a)144 693.6 R F2(sigspec) +2.931 E F0(is)2.901 E F3(EXIT)2.591 E F0 .091(\(0\) the command)2.341 F +F2(action)2.921 E F0 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e) +.15 F .092(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .092(If a)5.092 F F2(sigspec)2.932 +E F0(is)2.902 E F3(DE-)2.592 E -.09(BU)144 705.6 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 +1.245(the command)3.495 F F2(action)4.075 E F0 1.245(is e)3.985 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.244(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.244 +(simple command)3.744 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.744 E F0(command,)3.744 E F2 +(case)3.744 E F0(com-)3.744 E(mand,)144 717.6 Q F2(select)2.696 E F0 .196 (command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic) -2.697 F F1(for)2.696 E F0(command,)2.696 E 1.105 -(and before the \214rst command e)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.105 -(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F2 1.105(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.605 F F0 -(in)3.355 E F1(bash\(1\))3.605 E F0(\).)A .556 -(Refer to the description of the)144 585.6 R F4(extdeb)3.056 E(ug)-.2 E -F0 .556(option to the)3.056 F F4(shopt)3.056 E F0 -.2(bu)3.056 G .556 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .556(fect on the)-.25 F F4(DEB)144 -597.6 Q(UG)-.1 E F0 2.514(trap. If)2.514 F(a)2.514 E F1(sigspec)2.854 E -F0(is)2.824 E F2(RETURN)2.514 E F3(,)A F0 .014(the command)2.264 F F1 -(action)2.845 E F0 .015(is e)2.755 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .015 -(cuted each time a shell function).15 F(or a script e)144 609.6 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F4(.)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F4(sour)2.5 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) -.15 E .285(If a)144 627.6 R F1(sigspec)3.125 E F0(is)3.095 E F2(ERR) -2.784 E F3(,)A F0 .284(the command)2.534 F F1(action)3.114 E F0 .284 -(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.784 -(rap).15 G .284(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 F .185(single s\ -imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) -144 639.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 651.6 -R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 663.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F4(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 675.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 687.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F4(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 699.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .07(When the shell is not interacti)144 717.6 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.57(,s).15 G .069 -(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.) --2.57 F(Interacti)144 729.6 Q 2.048 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.748 -(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 6.749(.T)-.65 G -1.749(rapped signals that are not being)-7.099 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(23)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +2.696 F F2(for)2.697 E F0(command,)2.697 E 1.105 +(and before the \214rst command e)144 729.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.105 +(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 1.105(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.605 F F0 +(in)3.355 E F2(bash\(1\))3.604 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2023 January 27)141.79 E(23)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .09(ignored are reset to their original v) -144 84 R .09(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .09 -(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 96 Q -(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0 -(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4 -(Wi)144 124.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2144 136.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 160.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 172.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) -144 184.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 -G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F23.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)3.028 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 196.8 R F1(name) -2.506 E F0 2.506(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F3 .007 -(type -t name)2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1 -(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F22.507 E F0(and)144 208.8 Q F2 -3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F2144 220.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F2(type)3.323 -E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .824(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824 -(his in-)-5.824 F 1.176 -(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 232.8 R F2 -3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 -(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 244.8 R F23.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F23.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) -144 256.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type) -5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 268.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HS)A F0(])A F22.5 E(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HS)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .556(Refer to the description of the)144 84 +R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.056 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .556(option to the) +3.056 F F1(shopt)3.056 E F0 -.2(bu)3.056 G .556 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .557(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)144 96 +Q(UG)-.1 E F0 2.515(trap. If)2.515 F(a)2.515 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(sigspec)2.855 E F0(is)2.825 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)2.515 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .015(the command)2.265 F F2(action)2.844 E F0 +.014(is e)2.754 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .014(cuted each time a shell function) +.15 F(or a script e)144 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F1(.) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(sour)2.5 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .284(If a)144 126 +R F2(sigspec)3.124 E F0(is)3.094 E F3(ERR)2.784 E F4(,)A F0 .284 +(the command)2.534 F F2(action)3.114 E F0 .284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.784(rap).15 G .285 +(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 F .185(single simple command\)\ +, a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 138 R .184 +(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 150 R .451 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 162 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.888 +E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 174 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 186 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 198 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 216 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.569(,s).15 G .07 +(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.) +-2.569 F(Interacti)144 228 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652 +(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G +.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576 +(nored are reset to their original v)144 240 R .576 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .577 +(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 252 Q +(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 +G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 280.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1144 292.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 304.8 Q F0 .378 +(is an alias, shell reserv)3.058 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .377 +(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.I) +-.65 G 2.877(ft)-5.377 G(he)-2.877 E F2(name)144.36 316.8 Q F0 .645 +(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F1(type)3.146 E F0 +.646(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .646(xit status.)-.15 F .646(If the) +5.646 F F13.146 E F0(op-)3.146 E .642(tion is used,)144 328.8 R F1 +(type)3.142 E F0 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .641(ould be found by searching) +-.1 F F1($P)144 340.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(if)2.615 E F2(name) +2.975 E F0 .116(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if)2.796 +F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .116(type -t name)2.616 F F0 -.1(wo)2.616 G .116 +(uld not re-).1 F(turn)144 352.8 Q F2(\214le)4.5 E F0 5.09(.T).18 G(he) +-5.09 E F12.59 E F0 .09(option forces a)2.59 F F3 -.666(PA)2.59 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .089(search for each)2.339 F F2(name)2.589 E F0 2.589(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.839 G 2.589(ni).15 G(f)-2.589 E F5 .089(type -t name)2.589 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.589 G .089(uld not).1 F(return)144 364.8 Q F2(\214le)5.245 +E F0 5.835(.I).18 G 3.336(fac)-5.835 G .836(ommand is hashed,)-3.336 F +F13.336 E F0(and)3.336 E F13.336 E F0 .836 +(print the hashed v)3.336 F .836(alue, which is not necessarily)-.25 F +.033(the \214le that appears \214rst in)144 376.8 R F3 -.666(PA)2.533 G +(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .033(If the)4.533 F F12.533 E F0 .033 +(option is used,)2.533 F F1(type)2.533 E F0 .033 +(prints all of the places that contain)2.533 F 3.55(ac)144 388.8 S 1.05 +(ommand named)-3.55 F F2(name)3.91 E F0 6.051(.T).18 G 1.051 +(his includes aliases, reserv)-6.051 F 1.051(ed w)-.15 F 1.051 +(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F 1.051(uiltins, b)-.2 F 1.051(ut the)-.2 F +1.178(path search options \()144 400.8 R F1A F0(and)3.678 E F1 +3.678 E F0 3.678(\)c)C 1.177 +(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.177(cutable \214les.).15 F F1(type)6.177 E F0 .035 +(does not consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 412.8 R F1 +2.535 E F0(with)2.535 E F12.535 E F0 2.535(,a)C .036 +(nd only performs a)-2.535 F F3 -.666(PA)2.536 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .912 +(search for)144 424.8 R F2(name)3.412 E F0 5.912(.T)C(he)-5.912 E F1 +3.412 E F0 .911 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.412 F F1 +(command)3.411 E F0 -.2(bu)3.411 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)144 436.8 Q F0 +(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 453.6 +Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0(])A F12.5 E(ulimit)108 465.6 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 477.6 Q .243(vides control o) +-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943 +.944(that allo)144 489.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 513.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +525.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.742(of the special v)144 537.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 (alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 -(source is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F23.485 E F0 .984 +(source is printed, unless the)144 561.6 R F13.485 E F0 .984 (option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 -(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 405.6 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 573.6 R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 -417.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2144 429.6 Q F0 -(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 429.6 Q F2 -144 441.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 441.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2144 453.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 453.6 Q F2144 465.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 465.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 477.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 477.6 Q F2144 -489.6 Q F0 +585.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1144 597.6 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 597.6 Q F1 +144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 609.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1144 621.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 621.6 Q F1144 633.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 633.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 645.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 645.6 Q F1144 +657.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -489.6 Q F2144 501.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -501.6 Q F2144 513.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 513.6 Q F2 -144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 525.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 537.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 549.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +657.6 Q F1144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +669.6 Q F1144 681.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 681.6 Q F1 +144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 693.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 705.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 705.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 717.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 549.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 561.6 Q F2144 573.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 573.6 Q F2 -144 585.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 585.6 Q F2 -144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 597.6 -Q F2144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 609.6 Q F2144 -621.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 621.6 Q F2 -144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 633.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 645.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 645.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -657.6 Q F2144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -669.6 Q F2144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -681.6 Q F2144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\ - run before blocking, in microseconds)180 693.6 Q F2144 705.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 705.6 Q(If)144 722.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 -E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F2 -2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468 -(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(24)185.545 E 0 Cg -EP +180 717.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(24) +190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .044(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .044(n, then).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.544 E F0 .045 -(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 84 Q F1 +144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +180 108 Q F1144 120 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 120 Q F1 +144 132 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 132 Q F1 +144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 144 Q -.25(va) +-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 156 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 156 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 168 +Q F1144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 180 Q F1 +144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 192 Q F1 +144 204 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ +blocking, in microseconds)180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 216 Q(If)144 232.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 96 -R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F1 -3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.17 -F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F1 -144 108 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F1 -3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 +2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 +256.8 R F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +F13.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) +-3.17 F F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,)A F13.17 E F0(,) +A F1144 268.8 Q F0(,)A F13.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E +F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.736 E F0(and)3.736 E F13.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 -(512-byte increments.)144 120 R .238 +(512-byte increments.)144 280.8 R .238 (The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 132 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1 -(umask)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 160.8 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 292.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E +F1(umask)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 +2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 321.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 172.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -184.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 333.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +345.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 196.8 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 357.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 208.8 Q F0 .551 +(mode)144.38 369.6 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 220.8 Q +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 381.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 237.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 249.6 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 398.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 410.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F13.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 261.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +3.258 F(mo)144 422.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 278.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 439.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 290.4 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 451.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 (If the)6.303 F F13.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 302.4 Q F0 .465 +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 463.2 Q F0 .465 (refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 314.4 R F1 +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 475.2 R F1 2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 326.4 R F12.904 E +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 487.2 R F12.904 E F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 (attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F -.719(rather than the v)144 338.4 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +.719(rather than the v)144 499.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1 3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 -(are supplied, each)144 350.4 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +(are supplied, each)144 511.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) 3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 (ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 -362.4 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F +523.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 374.4 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 535.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) .27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 386.4 S +F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 547.2 S (SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 398.4 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +144 559.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -410.4 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +571.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) 4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G -1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 422.4 Q(The e)5 E +1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 583.2 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 451.2 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\ -hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) +(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 612 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ +ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) 3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 463.2 R -.15(ve) --.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 +G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 (ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E -F2(id)144.01 475.2 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E -F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 +F2(id)144.01 636 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 +(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 -(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 487.2 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 -3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 -F F13.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 499.2 -Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2 -(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 -E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj) --.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 511.2 R -.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 648 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 +3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 660 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) +3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E +F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 +G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 672 R .403 +(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 (guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 -(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 523.2 R .573 +(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 684 R .573 (aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 (If the)5.573 F F13.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) -144 535.2 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) -144 547.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 +144 696 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) +144 708 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 (named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G .905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E -(an)144 559.2 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 +(an)144 720 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 (is useful only when the)3.89 F F13.89 E F0 1.39 (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F13.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 571.2 R F1 -(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 -.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 -(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 583.2 R(If)5.635 E F2 -(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 -(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 595.2 -R(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\ -turn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F 1.758 -(scribed under)144 607.2 R F1(SIGN)4.258 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(in)4.258 E F2 -(bash\(1\))4.258 E F0 6.758(.O)C 1.759 -(therwise, the return status is the e)-6.758 F 1.759 -(xit status of the last)-.15 F(process or job w)144 619.2 Q(aited for) --.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 636 Q -1.04(AT) --.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355 -(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 648 R F2 1.355 -(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C 1.354 -(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 660 S -.398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A -F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399 -(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399 -F(le)108 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754 -(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754 -(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 -G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 -(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 684 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F -1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F -1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 -(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 696 Q -(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G -(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 -(This section does not mention beha)108 712.8 R 1.457 -(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 -(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886 -(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 724.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 -(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No) -136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(25)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(option,)3.89 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(25)190.95 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(which is def)108 84 Q(ault beha)-.1 E -(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15 E .523 -(If a user enables, say)108 100.8 R(,)-.65 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(compat32)3.023 E F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F -.523(fect the beha)-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .522(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259 -(ing the current compatibility le)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759 -(l. The).15 F .259(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G .26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 -F 1.646(in that v)108 124.8 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 -4.146(,b)C 1.646(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 --.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. 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F)-.15 F 1.645 +(or instance, the)-.15 F .76 +(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 302.4 R F1([[)3.261 E F0 .761(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .761 (ersions used)-.15 F 1.905(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 -148.8 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904 +314.4 R F1(compat32)4.405 E F0 1.904 (will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.405 F(That)6.904 E .295 -(granularity may not be suf)108 160.8 R .296 +(granularity may not be suf)108 326.4 R .296 (\214cient for all uses, and as a result users should emplo)-.25 F 2.796 (yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 -F(fully)108 172.8 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ +F(fully)108 338.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 -(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 189.6 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 -F(ariable:)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E --.855(AT)-.666 G/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 355.2 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 +F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F .531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)108 201.6 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 +(ve)108 367.2 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 (.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat) -2.608 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608 -(e4)-.1 G .108(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 213.6 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 -230.4 R .388(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.887(ls. 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F)108 +477.6 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307 (ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.806(lm).15 G 1.306(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.806 F F1 -(compat)108 324 Q F4(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 G -3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the)-.15 -F F2 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va)3.607 G -.502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F -(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 336 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 -(compat31)108 352.8 Q F0<83>144 364.8 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 364.8 +(compat)108 489.6 Q F2(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 +G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the) +-.15 F F4 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) +3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F +(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 501.6 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 +(compat31)108 518.4 Q F0<83>144 530.4 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 530.4 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect) --.25 E F1(compat32)108 381.6 Q F0<83>144 393.6 Q .35 -(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 393.6 +-.25 E F1(compat32)108 547.2 Q F0<83>144 559.2 Q .35 +(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017 -(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 405.6 R .018 +(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 571.2 R .018 (ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt) .15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F -(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 417.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 434.4 Q F0<83>144 -446.4 Q(the)180 446.4 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 +(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 583.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 600 Q F0<83>144 612 +Q(the)180 612 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 (operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173 (command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E -.067(ing strings; 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in la\ -ter v)180 636 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F -(are not special within double-quoted w)180 648 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansions) --.15 E F1(compat43)108 664.8 Q F0<83>144 676.8 Q 1.071 -(the shell does not print a w)180 676.8 R 1.07 +ter v)180 144 R .999(ersions, single quotes)-.15 F +(are not special within double-quoted w)180 156 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansions) +-.15 E F1(compat43)108 172.8 Q F0<83>144 184.8 Q 1.071 +(the shell does not print a w)180 184.8 R 1.07 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .71 -(pound assignment as an ar)180 688.8 R .711 +(pound assignment as an ar)180 196.8 R .711 (gument to declare \(e.g., declare -a foo=\010\(1 2\)\010\). 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Bash-4.4 and)-.15 F(later reset the loop state to pre) -180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F1(compat44)108 136.8 Q F0<83>144 -148.8 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 148.8 R .719(alues used by)-.25 -F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E F2 --.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G -.718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E(to the shell')180 160.8 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +180 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this).15 E F1(compat44)108 297.6 Q F0<83> +144 309.6 Q .719(the shell sets up the v)180 309.6 R .719(alues used by) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0(and)2.969 E +F3 -.27(BA)3.219 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 .719(so the)2.969 F 3.218(yc)-.15 G +.718(an e)-3.218 F(xpand)-.15 E(to the shell')180 321.6 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G (ositional parameters e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fe)-2.5 G -(xtended deb)-2.65 E(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 172.8 Q -2.634(as)180 172.8 S .134(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte) +(xtended deb)-2.65 E(ugging mode is not enabled)-.2 E<83>144 333.6 Q +2.634(as)180 333.6 S .134(ubshell inherits loops from its parent conte) -2.634 F .135(xt, so)-.15 F F1(br)2.635 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.635 E F1 (continue)2.635 E F0 .135(will cause the sub-)2.635 F(shell to e)180 -184.8 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 F(and later reset the loop state to pre) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e).15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 196.8 Q -.25(va) -180 196.8 S .619(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik) +345.6 Q 2.5(xit. Bash-5.0)-.15 F(and later reset the loop state to pre) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt the e).15 E(xit)-.15 E<83>144 357.6 Q -.25(va) +180 357.6 S .619(riable assignments preceding b).25 F .618(uiltins lik) -.2 F(e)-.1 E F1(export)3.118 E F0(and)3.118 E F1 -.18(re)3.118 G (adonly).18 E F0 .618(that set attrib)3.118 F .618(utes con-)-.2 F .119 -(tinue to af)180 208.8 R .119(fect v)-.25 F .119 +(tinue to af)180 369.6 R .119(fect v)-.25 F .119 (ariables with the same name in the calling en)-.25 F .12(vironment e) -.4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(ni).15 G 2.62(ft)-2.62 G .12(he shell is)-2.62 -F(not in posix mode)180 220.8 Q F1(compat50)108 237.6 Q F0<83>144 249.6 -Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 249.6 R(ay)-.1 E F2($RANDOM)3.709 E +F(not in posix mode)180 381.6 Q F1(compat50)108 398.4 Q F0<83>144 410.4 +Q 1.209(Bash-5.1 changed the w)180 410.4 R(ay)-.1 E F3($RANDOM)3.709 E F0 1.209(is generated to introduce slightly more random-)3.459 F 1.018 -(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518 +(ness. If the shell compatibility le)180 422.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.518 (li).15 G 3.518(ss)-3.518 G 1.018(et to 50 or lo)-3.518 F(wer)-.25 E 3.518(,i)-.4 G 3.518(tr)-3.518 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.518 H 1.019 -(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 273.6 R .733 +(rts to the method from).25 F .733(bash-5.0 and pre)180 434.4 R .733 (vious v)-.25 F .732 (ersions, so seeding the random number generator by assigning a)-.15 F --.25(va)180 285.6 S(lue to).25 E F2(RANDOM)2.5 E F0 -(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 297.6 Q -.695(If the command hash table is empty)180 297.6 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696 +-.25(va)180 446.4 S(lue to).25 E F3(RANDOM)2.5 E F0 +(will produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0)2.25 E<83>144 458.4 Q +.695(If the command hash table is empty)180 458.4 R 3.196(,b)-.65 G .696 (ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15 -F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 309.6 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15 +F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 470.4 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321 (hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F -(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 321.6 Q F12.5 E F0 -(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 338.4 Q F0<83>144 350.4 Q -(The)180 350.4 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454 +(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 482.4 Q F12.5 E F0 +(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 499.2 Q F0<83>144 511.2 Q +(The)180 511.2 Q F1(unset)2.954 E F0 -.2(bu)2.954 G .454 (iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F1(@)2.955 E F0 (and)2.955 E F1(*)2.955 E F0(dif)2.955 E .455(ferently depending)-.25 F -(on whether the array is inde)180 362.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G +(on whether the array is inde)180 523.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E -(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 379.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 391.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E -(27)185.545 E 0 Cg EP +(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 540 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 552 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index feacbd55e..89567bb4b 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Fri Dec 2 17:01:16 2022 +%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 18 10:26:00 2023 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index bfc76dea3..2a81a037c 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -239,6 +239,8 @@ int executing_builtin = 0; /* Non-zero if we are executing a command list (a;b;c, etc.) */ int executing_list = 0; +int executing_loop = 0; + /* Non-zero if we should defer closing process substitution FDs. */ int retain_fifos = 0; diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c b/lib/readline/display.c index fb10c60a3..bed86490b 100644 --- a/lib/readline/display.c +++ b/lib/readline/display.c @@ -1126,19 +1126,6 @@ rl_redisplay (void) olen = sprintf (obuf, "\\%o", c); - if (lpos + olen >= _rl_screenwidth) - { - temp = _rl_screenwidth - lpos; - CHECK_INV_LBREAKS (); - inv_lbreaks[++newlines] = out + temp; -#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) - line_state_invisible->wrapped_line[newlines] = _rl_wrapped_multicolumn; -#endif - lpos = olen - temp; - } - else - lpos += olen; - for (temp = 0; temp < olen; temp++) { invis_addc (&out, obuf[temp], cur_face); @@ -2043,6 +2030,8 @@ update_line (char *old, char *old_face, char *new, char *new_face, int current_l #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) /* Find the last character that is the same between the two lines. This bounds the region that needs to change. */ + /* In this case, `last character' means the one farthest from the end of + the line. */ if (mb_cur_max > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0) { ols = old + _rl_find_prev_mbchar (old, oe - old, MB_FIND_ANY); @@ -2059,7 +2048,7 @@ update_line (char *old, char *old_face, char *new, char *new_face, int current_l *olsf != *nlsf) break; - if (*ols == ' ') + if (*ols != ' ') wsatend = 0; ols = old + _rl_find_prev_mbchar (old, ols - old, MB_FIND_ANY); @@ -2128,7 +2117,23 @@ update_line (char *old, char *old_face, char *new, char *new_face, int current_l /* We have moved up to a new screen line. This line may or may not have invisible characters on it, but we do our best to recalculate visible_wrap_offset based on what we know. */ - if (current_line == 0) + /* This first clause handles the case where the prompt has been + recalculated (e.g., by rl_message) but the old prompt is still on + the visible line because we haven't overwritten it yet. We want + to somehow use the old prompt information, but we only want to do + this once. */ + if (current_line == 0 && saved_local_prompt && old[0] == saved_local_prompt[0] && memcmp (old, saved_local_prompt, saved_local_length) == 0) + visible_wrap_offset = saved_invis_chars_first_line; + /* This clause handles the opposite: the prompt has been restored (e.g., + by rl_clear_message) but the old saved_local_prompt (now NULL, so we + can't directly check it) is still on the visible line because we + haven't overwritten it yet. We guess that there aren't any invisible + characters in any of the prompts we put in with rl_message */ + else if (current_line == 0 && local_prompt && new[0] == local_prompt[0] && + (memcmp (new, local_prompt, local_prompt_len) == 0) && + (memcmp (old, local_prompt, local_prompt_len) != 0)) + visible_wrap_offset = 0; + else if (current_line == 0) visible_wrap_offset = prompt_invis_chars_first_line; /* XXX */ #if 0 /* XXX - not yet */ else if (current_line == prompt_last_screen_line && wrap_offset > prompt_invis_chars_first_line) diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi index 52f444a61..5aa045326 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi @@ -2643,7 +2643,7 @@ com_list (char *arg) if (!arg) arg = ""; - sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "ls -FClg %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); @} @@ -2655,9 +2655,9 @@ com_view (char *arg) #if defined (__MSDOS__) /* more.com doesn't grok slashes in pathnames */ - sprintf (syscom, "less %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "less %s", arg); #else - sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "more %s", arg); #endif return (system (syscom)); @} diff --git a/lib/readline/examples/fileman.c b/lib/readline/examples/fileman.c index c14fe3bf5..df579450d 100644 --- a/lib/readline/examples/fileman.c +++ b/lib/readline/examples/fileman.c @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ com_list (arg) if (!arg) arg = ""; - sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "ls -FClg %s", arg); return (system (syscom)); } @@ -305,9 +305,9 @@ com_view (arg) #if defined (__MSDOS__) /* more.com doesn't grok slashes in pathnames */ - sprintf (syscom, "less %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "less %s", arg); #else - sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg); + snprintf (syscom, sizeof (syscom), "more %s", arg); #endif return (system (syscom)); } diff --git a/lib/readline/histexpand.c b/lib/readline/histexpand.c index f2eb18f64..db344b497 100644 --- a/lib/readline/histexpand.c +++ b/lib/readline/histexpand.c @@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ history_expand_internal (const char *string, int start, int qc, int *end_index_p /* If `&' appears in the rhs, it's supposed to be replaced with the lhs. */ - if (member ('&', subst_rhs)) + if (subst_lhs && member ('&', subst_rhs)) postproc_subst_rhs (); } else diff --git a/lib/readline/rlprivate.h b/lib/readline/rlprivate.h index 5c0592b9c..573724df7 100644 --- a/lib/readline/rlprivate.h +++ b/lib/readline/rlprivate.h @@ -526,6 +526,7 @@ extern int _rl_menu_complete_prefix_first; /* display.c */ extern int _rl_vis_botlin; extern int _rl_last_c_pos; +extern int _rl_last_v_pos; extern int _rl_suppress_redisplay; extern int _rl_want_redisplay; diff --git a/lib/readline/text.c b/lib/readline/text.c index 62e4da2a7..356cac5f2 100644 --- a/lib/readline/text.c +++ b/lib/readline/text.c @@ -1229,11 +1229,12 @@ _rl_rubout_char (int count, int key) c = rl_line_buffer[--rl_point]; rl_delete_text (rl_point, orig_point); /* The erase-at-end-of-line hack is of questionable merit now. */ - if (rl_point == rl_end && ISPRINT ((unsigned char)c) && _rl_last_c_pos) + if (rl_point == rl_end && ISPRINT ((unsigned char)c) && _rl_last_c_pos && _rl_last_v_pos == 0) { int l; l = rl_character_len (c, rl_point); - _rl_erase_at_end_of_line (l); + if (_rl_last_c_pos >= l) + _rl_erase_at_end_of_line (l); } } else diff --git a/lib/readline/vi_mode.c b/lib/readline/vi_mode.c index 7396e316a..a49edaae0 100644 --- a/lib/readline/vi_mode.c +++ b/lib/readline/vi_mode.c @@ -1090,6 +1090,7 @@ _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (int c) } else { + rl_restore_prompt (); rl_clear_message (); rl_stuff_char (key); return 0; /* done */ @@ -1320,7 +1321,7 @@ rl_domove_read_callback (_rl_vimotion_cxt *m) /* Readine vi motion char starting numeric argument */ else if (_rl_digit_p (c) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION) && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG) == 0)) { - RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG); + _rl_arg_init (); return (_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)); } #endif @@ -1330,7 +1331,7 @@ rl_domove_read_callback (_rl_vimotion_cxt *m) save = rl_numeric_arg; rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c); rl_explicit_arg = 1; - RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG); + _rl_arg_init (); rl_digit_loop1 (); rl_numeric_arg *= save; c = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m); diff --git a/lib/sh/strlcpy.c b/lib/sh/strlcpy.c index 9781c3f40..787e4c36e 100644 --- a/lib/sh/strlcpy.c +++ b/lib/sh/strlcpy.c @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ #include size_t -strlcpy(const char *dest, const const char *src, size_t size) +strlcpy(char *dest, const const char *src, size_t size) { size_t ret; -- 2.47.2