src/installer/hw.c

   1 /*#############################################################################
   2 #                                                                             #
   3 # IPFire - An Open Source Firewall Distribution                               #
   4 # Copyright (C) 2007-2022  IPFire Team  <info@ipfire.org>                     #
   5 #                                                                             #
   6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify        #
   7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by        #
   8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or           #
   9 # (at your option) any later version.                                         #
  10 #                                                                             #
  11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,             #
  12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              #
  13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the               #
  14 # GNU General Public License for more details.                                #
  15 #                                                                             #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License           #
  17 # along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.       #
  18 #                                                                             #
  19 #############################################################################*/
  20
  21 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
  22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
  23 #endif
  24
  25 #include <assert.h>
  26 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <fcntl.h>
  29 #include <libudev.h>
  30 #include <linux/loop.h>
  31 #include <math.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <stdlib.h>
  34 #include <string.h>
  35 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  36 #include <sys/mount.h>
  37 #include <sys/stat.h>
  38 #include <sys/swap.h>
  39 #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
  40 #include <sys/utsname.h>
  41 #include <unistd.h>
  42
  43 #include <libsmooth.h>
  44
  45 #include "hw.h"
  46
  47 static int system_chroot(const char* output, const char* path, const char* cmd) {
  48         char chroot_cmd[STRING_SIZE];
  49
  50         snprintf(chroot_cmd, sizeof(chroot_cmd), "/usr/sbin/chroot %s %s", path, cmd);
  51
  52         return mysystem(output, chroot_cmd);
  53 }
  54
  55 struct hw* hw_init() {
  56         struct hw* hw = calloc(1, sizeof(*hw));
  57         assert(hw);
  58
  59         // Initialize libudev
  60         hw->udev = udev_new();
  61         if (!hw->udev) {
  62                 fprintf(stderr, "Could not create udev instance\n");
  63                 exit(1);
  64         }
  65
  66         // What architecture are we running on?
  67         struct utsname uname_data;
  68         int ret = uname(&uname_data);
  69         if (ret == 0)
  70                 snprintf(hw->arch, sizeof(hw->arch), "%s", uname_data.machine);
  71
  72         // Should we install in EFI mode?
  73         if ((strcmp(hw->arch, "x86_64") == 0) || (strcmp(hw->arch, "aarch64") == 0))
  74                 hw->efi = 1;
  75
  76         return hw;
  77 }
  78
  79 void hw_free(struct hw* hw) {
  80         if (hw->udev)
  81                 udev_unref(hw->udev);
  82
  83         free(hw);
  84 }
  85
  86 static int strstartswith(const char* a, const char* b) {
  87         return (strncmp(a, b, strlen(b)) == 0);
  88 }
  89
  90 static char loop_device[STRING_SIZE];
  91
  92 static int setup_loop_device(const char* source, const char* device) {
  93         int file_fd = open(source, O_RDWR);
  94         if (file_fd < 0)
  95                 goto ERROR;
  96
  97         int device_fd = -1;
  98         if ((device_fd = open(device, O_RDWR)) < 0)
  99                 goto ERROR;
 100
 101         if (ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_SET_FD, file_fd) < 0)
 102                 goto ERROR;
 103
 104         close(file_fd);
 105         close(device_fd);
 106
 107         return 0;
 108
 109 ERROR:
 110         if (file_fd >= 0)
 111                 close(file_fd);
 112
 113         if (device_fd >= 0) {
 114                 ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0);
 115                 close(device_fd);
 116         }
 117
 118         return -1;
 119 }
 120
 121 int hw_mount(const char* source, const char* target, const char* fs, int flags) {
 122         const char* loop_device = "/dev/loop0";
 123
 124         // Create target if it does not exist
 125         if (access(target, X_OK) != 0)
 126                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 127
 128         struct stat st;
 129         stat(source, &st);
 130
 131         if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
 132                 int r = setup_loop_device(source, loop_device);
 133                 if (r == 0) {
 134                         source = loop_device;
 135                 } else {
 136                         return -1;
 137                 }
 138         }
 139
 140         return mount(source, target, fs, flags, NULL);
 141 }
 142
 143 static int hw_bind_mount(const char* source, const char* prefix) {
 144         if (!source || !prefix) {
 145                 errno = EINVAL;
 146                 return 1;
 147         }
 148
 149         char target[PATH_MAX];
 150         int r;
 151
 152         // Format target
 153         r = snprintf(target, sizeof(target) - 1, "%s/%s", prefix, source);
 154         if (r < 0)
 155                 return 1;
 156
 157         // Ensure target exists
 158         mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 159
 160         return hw_mount(source, target, NULL, MS_BIND);
 161 }
 162
 163 int hw_umount(const char* source, const char* prefix) {
 164         char target[PATH_MAX];
 165         int r;
 166
 167         if (prefix)
 168                 r = snprintf(target, sizeof(target) - 1, "%s/%s", prefix, source);
 169         else
 170                 r = snprintf(target, sizeof(target) - 1, "%s", source);
 171         if (r < 0)
 172                 return r;
 173
 174         // Perform umount
 175         r = umount2(target, 0);
 176         if (r) {
 177                 switch (errno) {
 178                         // Try again with force if umount wasn't successful
 179                         case EBUSY:
 180                                 sleep(1);
 181
 182                                 r = umount2(target, MNT_FORCE);
 183                                 break;
 184
 185                         // target wasn't a mountpoint. Ignore.
 186                         case EINVAL:
 187                                 r = 0;
 188                                 break;
 189
 190                         // target doesn't exist
 191                         case ENOENT:
 192                                 r = 0;
 193                                 break;
 194                 }
 195         }
 196
 197         return r;
 198 }
 199
 200 static int hw_test_source_medium(const char* path) {
 201         int ret = hw_mount(path, SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, "iso9660", MS_RDONLY);
 202
 203         if (ret != 0) {
 204                 // 2nd try, ntfs for a rufus converted usb key
 205                 ret = hw_mount(path, SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, "ntfs3", MS_RDONLY);
 206         }
 207         if (ret != 0) {
 208                 // 3rd try, vfat for a rufus converted usb key
 209                 ret = hw_mount(path, SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, "vfat", MS_RDONLY);
 210         }
 211
 212         // If the source could not be mounted we
 213         // cannot proceed.
 214         if (ret != 0)
 215                 return ret;
 216
 217         // Check if the test file exists.
 218         ret = access(SOURCE_TEST_FILE, R_OK);
 219
 220         // Umount the test device.
 221         hw_umount(SOURCE_MOUNT_PATH, NULL);
 222
 223         return ret;
 224 }
 225
 226 char* hw_find_source_medium(struct hw* hw) {
 227         char* ret = NULL;
 228
 229         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 230
 231         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 232         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 233
 234         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 235
 236         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 237         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 238                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 239                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 240
 241                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 242
 243                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 244                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 245                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md"))
 246                         continue;
 247
 248                 if (hw_test_source_medium(dev_path) == 0) {
 249                         ret = strdup(dev_path);
 250                 }
 251
 252                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 253
 254                 // If a suitable device was found the search will end.
 255                 if (ret)
 256                         break;
 257         }
 258
 259         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 260
 261         return ret;
 262 }
 263
 264 static struct hw_disk** hw_create_disks() {
 265         struct hw_disk** ret = malloc(sizeof(*ret) * (HW_MAX_DISKS + 1));
 266
 267         return ret;
 268 }
 269
 270 static unsigned long long hw_block_device_get_size(const char* dev) {
 271         int fd = open(dev, O_RDONLY);
 272         if (fd < 0)
 273                 return 0;
 274
 275         unsigned long long size = blkid_get_dev_size(fd);
 276         close(fd);
 277
 278         return size;
 279 }
 280
 281 struct hw_disk** hw_find_disks(struct hw* hw, const char* sourcedrive) {
 282         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 283         struct hw_disk** disks = ret;
 284
 285         // Determine the disk device of source if it is a partition
 286         char* sourcedisk = NULL;
 287         char syssource[PATH_MAX];
 288         (void)snprintf(syssource, sizeof(syssource) - 1, "/sys/class/block/%s", sourcedrive + 5);
 289         struct udev_device* s_dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, syssource);
 290         const char* s_devtype = udev_device_get_property_value(s_dev, "DEVTYPE");
 291         if (s_devtype && (strcmp(s_devtype, "partition") == 0)) {
 292                 struct udev_device* p_dev = udev_device_get_parent_with_subsystem_devtype(s_dev,"block","disk");
 293                 if (p_dev) {
 294                         sourcedisk = udev_device_get_devnode(p_dev);
 295                 }
 296         }
 297         if (!sourcedisk) sourcedisk = sourcedrive;
 298
 299         struct udev_enumerate* enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(hw->udev);
 300
 301         udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate, "block");
 302         udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate);
 303
 304         struct udev_list_entry* devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate);
 305
 306         struct udev_list_entry* dev_list_entry;
 307         unsigned int i = HW_MAX_DISKS;
 308         udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, devices) {
 309                 const char* path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
 310                 struct udev_device* dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(hw->udev, path);
 311
 312                 const char* dev_path = udev_device_get_devnode(dev);
 313
 314                 // Skip everything what we cannot work with
 315                 if (strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/loop") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/fd") ||
 316                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/ram") || strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/sr") ||
 317                                 strstartswith(dev_path, "/dev/md")) {
 318                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 319                         continue;
 320                 }
 321
 322                 // Skip sourcedisk if we need to
 323                 if (sourcedisk && (strcmp(dev_path, sourcedisk) == 0)) {
 324                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 325                         continue;
 326                 }
 327
 328                 // DEVTYPE must be disk (otherwise we will see all sorts of partitions here)
 329                 const char* devtype = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "DEVTYPE");
 330                 if (devtype && (strcmp(devtype, "disk") != 0)) {
 331                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 332                         continue;
 333                 }
 334
 335                 // Skip devices with a size of zero
 336                 unsigned long long size = hw_block_device_get_size(dev_path);
 337                 if (size == 0) {
 338                         udev_device_unref(dev);
 339                         continue;
 340                 }
 341
 342                 struct hw_disk* disk = malloc(sizeof(*disk));
 343                 if (disk == NULL)
 344                         return NULL;
 345
 346                 disk->ref = 1;
 347
 348                 strncpy(disk->path, dev_path, sizeof(disk->path));
 349                 const char* p = disk->path + 5;
 350
 351                 disk->size = size;
 352
 353                 // Vendor
 354                 const char* vendor = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_VENDOR");
 355                 if (!vendor)
 356                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "vendor");
 357                 if (!vendor)
 358                         vendor = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "manufacturer");
 359
 360                 if (vendor)
 361                         strncpy(disk->vendor, vendor, sizeof(disk->vendor));
 362                 else
 363                         *disk->vendor = '\0';
 364
 365                 // Model
 366                 const char* model = udev_device_get_property_value(dev, "ID_MODEL");
 367                 if (!model)
 368                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "model");
 369                 if (!model)
 370                         model = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "product");
 371
 372                 if (model)
 373                         strncpy(disk->model, model, sizeof(disk->model));
 374                 else
 375                         *disk->model = '\0';
 376
 377                 // Format description
 378                 char size_str[STRING_SIZE];
 379                 snprintf(size_str, sizeof(size_str), "%4.1fGB", (double)disk->size / pow(1024, 3));
 380
 381                 if (*disk->vendor && *disk->model) {
 382                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 383                                 "%s - %s - %s - %s", size_str, p, disk->vendor, disk->model);
 384
 385                 } else if (*disk->vendor || *disk->model) {
 386                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 387                                 "%s - %s - %s", size_str, p, (*disk->vendor) ? disk->vendor : disk->model);
 388
 389                 } else {
 390                         snprintf(disk->description, sizeof(disk->description),
 391                                 "%s - %s", size_str, p);
 392                 }
 393
 394                 // Cut off the description string after 40 characters
 395                 disk->description[41] = '\0';
 396
 397                 *disks++ = disk;
 398
 399                 if (--i == 0)
 400                         break;
 401
 402                 udev_device_unref(dev);
 403         }
 404
 405         udev_enumerate_unref(enumerate);
 406
 407         *disks = NULL;
 408
 409         return ret;
 410 }
 411
 412 void hw_free_disks(struct hw_disk** disks) {
 413         struct hw_disk** disk = disks;
 414
 415         while (*disk != NULL) {
 416                 if (--(*disk)->ref == 0)
 417                         free(*disk);
 418
 419                 disk++;
 420         }
 421
 422         free(disks);
 423 }
 424
 425 unsigned int hw_count_disks(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 426         unsigned int ret = 0;
 427
 428         while (*disks++)
 429                 ret++;
 430
 431         return ret;
 432 }
 433
 434 struct hw_disk** hw_select_disks(struct hw_disk** disks, int* selection) {
 435         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 436         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 437
 438         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks((const struct hw_disk**)disks);
 439
 440         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 441                 if (!selection || selection[i]) {
 442                         struct hw_disk *selected_disk = disks[i];
 443                         selected_disk->ref++;
 444
 445                         *selected_disks++ = selected_disk;
 446                 }
 447         }
 448
 449         // Set sentinel
 450         *selected_disks = NULL;
 451
 452         return ret;
 453 }
 454
 455 struct hw_disk** hw_select_first_disk(const struct hw_disk** disks) {
 456         struct hw_disk** ret = hw_create_disks();
 457         struct hw_disk** selected_disks = ret;
 458
 459         unsigned int num_disks = hw_count_disks(disks);
 460         assert(num_disks > 0);
 461
 462         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_disks; i++) {
 463                 struct hw_disk *disk = disks[i];
 464                 disk->ref++;
 465
 466                 *selected_disks++ = disk;
 467                 break;
 468         }
 469
 470         // Set sentinel
 471         *selected_disks = NULL;
 472
 473         return ret;
 474 }
 475
 476 static unsigned long long hw_swap_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 477         unsigned long long memory = hw_memory();
 478
 479         unsigned long long swap_size = memory / 4;
 480
 481         // Min. swap size is 128MB
 482         if (swap_size < MB2BYTES(128))
 483                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(128);
 484
 485         // Cap swap size to 1GB
 486         else if (swap_size > MB2BYTES(1024))
 487                 swap_size = MB2BYTES(1024);
 488
 489         return swap_size;
 490 }
 491
 492 static unsigned long long hw_boot_size(struct hw_destination* dest) {
 493         return MB2BYTES(512);
 494 }
 495
 496 static int hw_device_has_p_suffix(const struct hw_destination* dest) {
 497         // All RAID devices have the p suffix.
 498         if (dest->is_raid)
 499                 return 1;
 500
 501         // Devices with a number at the end have the p suffix, too.
 502         // e.g. mmcblk0, cciss0
 503         unsigned int last_char = strlen(dest->path) - 1;
 504         if ((dest->path[last_char] >= '0') && (dest->path[last_char] <= '9'))
 505                 return 1;
 506
 507         return 0;
 508 }
 509
 510 static int hw_calculate_partition_table(struct hw* hw, struct hw_destination* dest, int disable_swap) {
 511         char path[DEV_SIZE];
 512         int part_idx = 1;
 513
 514         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s", dest->path,
 515                 hw_device_has_p_suffix(dest) ? "p" : "");
 516         dest->part_boot_idx = 0;
 517
 518         // Determine the size of the target block device
 519         if (dest->is_raid) {
 520                 dest->size = (dest->disk1->size >= dest->disk2->size) ?
 521                         dest->disk2->size : dest->disk1->size;
 522
 523                 // The RAID will install some metadata at the end of the disk
 524                 // and we will save up some space for that.
 525                 dest->size -= MB2BYTES(2);
 526         } else {
 527                 dest->size = dest->disk1->size;
 528         }
 529
 530         // As we add some extra space before the beginning of the first
 531         // partition, we need to substract that here.
 532         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 533
 534         // Add some more space for partition tables, etc.
 535         dest->size -= MB2BYTES(1);
 536
 537         // The disk has to have at least 2GB
 538         if (dest->size <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 539                 return -1;
 540
 541         // Determine partition table
 542         dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS;
 543
 544         // Disks over 2TB need to use GPT
 545         if (dest->size >= MB2BYTES(2047 * 1024))
 546                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 547
 548         // We also use GPT on raid disks by default
 549         else if (dest->is_raid)
 550                 dest->part_table = HW_PART_TABLE_GPT;
 551
 552         // When using GPT, GRUB2 needs a little bit of space to put
 553         // itself in.
 554         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 555                 snprintf(dest->part_bootldr, sizeof(dest->part_bootldr),
 556                         "%s%d", path, part_idx);
 557
 558                 dest->size_bootldr = MB2BYTES(4);
 559
 560                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx++;
 561         } else {
 562                 *dest->part_bootldr = '\0';
 563                 dest->size_bootldr = 0;
 564         }
 565
 566         dest->size_boot = hw_boot_size(dest);
 567
 568         // Create an EFI partition when running in EFI mode
 569         if (hw->efi)
 570                 dest->size_boot_efi = MB2BYTES(32);
 571         else
 572                 dest->size_boot_efi = 0;
 573
 574         // Determine the size of the data partition.
 575         unsigned long long space_left = dest->size - \
 576                 (dest->size_bootldr + dest->size_boot + dest->size_boot_efi);
 577
 578         // If we have less than 2GB left, we disable swap
 579         if (space_left <= MB2BYTES(2048))
 580                 disable_swap = 1;
 581
 582         // Should we use swap?
 583         if (disable_swap)
 584                 dest->size_swap = 0;
 585         else
 586                 dest->size_swap = hw_swap_size(dest);
 587
 588         // Subtract swap
 589         space_left -= dest->size_swap;
 590
 591         // Root is getting what ever is left
 592         dest->size_root = space_left;
 593
 594         // Set partition names
 595         if (dest->size_boot > 0) {
 596                 if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 597                         dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 598
 599                 snprintf(dest->part_boot, sizeof(dest->part_boot), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 600         } else
 601                 *dest->part_boot = '\0';
 602
 603         if (dest->size_boot_efi > 0) {
 604                 dest->part_boot_efi_idx = part_idx;
 605
 606                 snprintf(dest->part_boot_efi, sizeof(dest->part_boot_efi),
 607                         "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 608         } else {
 609                 *dest->part_boot_efi = '\0';
 610                 dest->part_boot_efi_idx = 0;
 611         }
 612
 613         if (dest->size_swap > 0)
 614                 snprintf(dest->part_swap, sizeof(dest->part_swap), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 615         else
 616                 *dest->part_swap = '\0';
 617
 618         // There is always a root partition
 619         if (dest->part_boot_idx == 0)
 620                 dest->part_boot_idx = part_idx;
 621
 622         snprintf(dest->part_root, sizeof(dest->part_root), "%s%d", path, part_idx++);
 623
 624         return 0;
 625 }
 626
 627 struct hw_destination* hw_make_destination(struct hw* hw, int part_type, struct hw_disk** disks, int disable_swap) {
 628         struct hw_destination* dest = malloc(sizeof(*dest));
 629
 630         if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL) {
 631                 dest->disk1 = *disks;
 632                 dest->disk2 = NULL;
 633
 634                 strncpy(dest->path, dest->disk1->path, sizeof(dest->path));
 635
 636         } else if (part_type == HW_PART_TYPE_RAID1) {
 637                 dest->disk1 = *disks++;
 638                 dest->disk2 = *disks;
 639                 dest->raid_level = 1;
 640
 641                 snprintf(dest->path, sizeof(dest->path), "/dev/md0");
 642         }
 643
 644         // Is this a RAID device?
 645         dest->is_raid = (part_type > HW_PART_TYPE_NORMAL);
 646
 647         int r = hw_calculate_partition_table(hw, dest, disable_swap);
 648         if (r)
 649                 return NULL;
 650
 651         // Set default filesystem
 652         dest->filesystem = HW_FS_DEFAULT;
 653
 654         return dest;
 655 }
 656
 657 unsigned long long hw_memory() {
 658         struct sysinfo si;
 659
 660         int r = sysinfo(&si);
 661         if (r < 0)
 662                 return 0;
 663
 664         return si.totalram;
 665 }
 666
 667 static int hw_zero_out_device(const char* path, int bytes) {
 668         char block[512];
 669         memset(block, 0, sizeof(block));
 670
 671         int blocks = bytes / sizeof(block);
 672
 673         int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
 674         if (fd < 0)
 675                 return -1;
 676
 677         unsigned int bytes_written = 0;
 678         while (blocks-- > 0) {
 679                 bytes_written += write(fd, block, sizeof(block));
 680         }
 681
 682         fsync(fd);
 683         close(fd);
 684
 685         return bytes_written;
 686 }
 687
 688 static int try_open(const char* path) {
 689         FILE* f = fopen(path, "r");
 690         if (f) {
 691                 fclose(f);
 692                 return 0;
 693         }
 694
 695         return -1;
 696 }
 697
 698 int hw_create_partitions(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 699         // Before we write a new partition table to the disk, we will erase
 700         // the first couple of megabytes at the beginning of the device to
 701         // get rid of all left other things like bootloaders and partition tables.
 702         // This solves some problems when changing from MBR to GPT partitions or
 703         // the other way around.
 704         int r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->path, MB2BYTES(10));
 705         if (r <= 0)
 706                 return r;
 707
 708         char* cmd = NULL;
 709         asprintf(&cmd, "/usr/sbin/parted -s %s -a optimal", dest->path);
 710
 711         // Set partition type
 712         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_MSDOS)
 713                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel msdos", cmd);
 714         else if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT)
 715                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mklabel gpt", cmd);
 716
 717         unsigned long long part_start = MB2BYTES(1);
 718
 719         if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 720                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 721                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOTLDR" : "primary",
 722                 part_start, part_start + dest->size_bootldr - 1);
 723
 724                 part_start += dest->size_bootldr;
 725         }
 726
 727         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 728                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 729                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "BOOT" : "primary",
 730                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_boot - 1);
 731
 732                 part_start += dest->size_boot;
 733         }
 734
 735         if (*dest->part_boot_efi) {
 736                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s fat32 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 737                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "ESP" : "primary",
 738                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_boot_efi - 1);
 739
 740                 part_start += dest->size_boot_efi;
 741         }
 742
 743         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 744                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s linux-swap %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 745                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "SWAP" : "primary",
 746                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_swap - 1);
 747
 748                 part_start += dest->size_swap;
 749         }
 750
 751         if (*dest->part_root) {
 752                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s mkpart %s ext2 %lluB %lluB", cmd,
 753                         (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) ? "ROOT" : "primary",
 754                         part_start, part_start + dest->size_root - 1);
 755
 756                 part_start += dest->size_root;
 757         }
 758
 759         if (dest->part_boot_idx > 0)
 760                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d boot on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 761
 762         if (dest->part_boot_efi_idx > 0)
 763                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d esp on", cmd, dest->part_boot_efi_idx);
 764
 765         if (dest->part_table == HW_PART_TABLE_GPT) {
 766                 if (*dest->part_bootldr) {
 767                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s set %d bios_grub on", cmd, dest->part_boot_idx);
 768                 }
 769         }
 770
 771         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 772
 773         // Wait until the system re-read the partition table
 774         if (r == 0) {
 775                 unsigned int counter = 10;
 776
 777                 while (counter-- > 0) {
 778                         sleep(1);
 779
 780                         if (*dest->part_bootldr && (try_open(dest->part_bootldr) != 0))
 781                                 continue;
 782
 783                         if (*dest->part_boot && (try_open(dest->part_boot) != 0))
 784                                 continue;
 785
 786                         if (*dest->part_boot_efi && (try_open(dest->part_boot_efi) != 0))
 787                                 continue;
 788
 789                         if (*dest->part_swap && (try_open(dest->part_swap) != 0))
 790                                 continue;
 791
 792                         if (*dest->part_root && (try_open(dest->part_root) != 0))
 793                                 continue;
 794
 795                         // All partitions do exist, exiting the loop.
 796                         break;
 797                 }
 798         }
 799
 800         if (cmd)
 801                 free(cmd);
 802
 803         return r;
 804 }
 805
 806 static int hw_format_filesystem(const char* path, int fs, const char* output) {
 807         char cmd[STRING_SIZE] = "\0";
 808
 809         // Swap
 810         if (fs == HW_FS_SWAP) {
 811                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkswap -v1 %s &>/dev/null", path);
 812
 813         // EXT4
 814         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4) {
 815                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 %s", path);
 816
 817         // EXT4 w/o journal
 818         } else if (fs == HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL) {
 819                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mke2fs -FF -T ext4 -O ^has_journal %s", path);
 820
 821         // XFS
 822         } else if (fs == HW_FS_XFS) {
 823                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkfs.xfs -f %s", path);
 824
 825         // FAT32
 826         } else if (fs == HW_FS_FAT32) {
 827                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mkfs.vfat %s", path);
 828         }
 829
 830         assert(*cmd);
 831
 832         int r = mysystem(output, cmd);
 833
 834         return r;
 835 }
 836
 837 int hw_create_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
 838         int r;
 839
 840         // boot
 841         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 842                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_boot, dest->filesystem, output);
 843                 if (r)
 844                         return r;
 845         }
 846
 847         // ESP
 848         if (*dest->part_boot_efi) {
 849                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_boot_efi, HW_FS_FAT32, output);
 850                 if (r)
 851                         return r;
 852         }
 853
 854         // swap
 855         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 856                 r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_swap, HW_FS_SWAP, output);
 857                 if (r)
 858                         return r;
 859         }
 860
 861         // root
 862         r = hw_format_filesystem(dest->part_root, dest->filesystem, output);
 863         if (r)
 864                 return r;
 865
 866         return 0;
 867 }
 868
 869 int hw_mount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 870         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 871
 872         assert(*prefix == '/');
 873
 874         const char* filesystem;
 875         switch (dest->filesystem) {
 876                 case HW_FS_EXT4:
 877                 case HW_FS_EXT4_WO_JOURNAL:
 878                         filesystem = "ext4";
 879                         break;
 880
 881                 case HW_FS_XFS:
 882                         filesystem = "xfs";
 883                         break;
 884
 885                 case HW_FS_FAT32:
 886                         filesystem = "vfat";
 887                         break;
 888
 889                 default:
 890                         assert(0);
 891         }
 892
 893         // root
 894         int r = hw_mount(dest->part_root, prefix, filesystem, 0);
 895         if (r)
 896                 return r;
 897
 898         // boot
 899         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 900                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT);
 901                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 902
 903                 r = hw_mount(dest->part_boot, target, filesystem, 0);
 904                 if (r) {
 905                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 906
 907                         return r;
 908                 }
 909         }
 910
 911         // ESP
 912         if (*dest->part_boot_efi) {
 913                 snprintf(target, sizeof(target), "%s%s", prefix, HW_PATH_BOOT_EFI);
 914                 mkdir(target, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
 915
 916                 r = hw_mount(dest->part_boot_efi, target, "vfat", 0);
 917                 if (r) {
 918                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 919
 920                         return r;
 921                 }
 922         }
 923
 924         // swap
 925         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 926                 r = swapon(dest->part_swap, 0);
 927                 if (r) {
 928                         hw_umount_filesystems(dest, prefix);
 929
 930                         return r;
 931                 }
 932         }
 933
 934         // bind-mount misc filesystems
 935         r = hw_bind_mount("/dev", prefix);
 936         if (r)
 937                 return r;
 938
 939         r = hw_bind_mount("/proc", prefix);
 940         if (r)
 941                 return r;
 942
 943         r = hw_bind_mount("/sys", prefix);
 944         if (r)
 945                 return r;
 946
 947         r = hw_bind_mount("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars", prefix);
 948         if (r && errno != ENOENT)
 949                 return r;
 950
 951         return 0;
 952 }
 953
 954 int hw_umount_filesystems(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* prefix) {
 955         int r;
 956         char target[STRING_SIZE];
 957
 958         // Write all buffers to disk before umounting
 959         hw_sync();
 960
 961         // ESP
 962         if (*dest->part_boot_efi) {
 963                 r = hw_umount(HW_PATH_BOOT_EFI, prefix);
 964                 if (r)
 965                         return -1;
 966         }
 967
 968         // boot
 969         if (*dest->part_boot) {
 970                 r = hw_umount(HW_PATH_BOOT, prefix);
 971                 if (r)
 972                         return -1;
 973         }
 974
 975         // swap
 976         if (*dest->part_swap) {
 977                 swapoff(dest->part_swap);
 978         }
 979
 980         // misc filesystems
 981         r = hw_umount("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars", prefix);
 982         if (r)
 983                 return -1;
 984
 985         r = hw_umount("/sys", prefix);
 986         if (r)
 987                 return -1;
 988
 989         r = hw_umount("/proc", prefix);
 990         if (r)
 991                 return -1;
 992
 993         r = hw_umount("/dev", prefix);
 994         if (r)
 995                 return -1;
 996
 997         // root
 998         r = hw_umount(prefix, NULL);
 999         if (r)
1000                 return -1;
1001
1002         return 0;
1003 }
1004
1005 int hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(const struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
1006         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
1007
1008         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
1009         hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(output);
1010
1011         if (dest->disk1) {
1012                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk1->path);
1013                 mysystem(output, cmd);
1014         }
1015
1016         if (dest->disk2) {
1017                 snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/sbin/mdadm --zero-superblock %s", dest->disk2->path);
1018                 mysystem(output, cmd);
1019         }
1020
1021         return 0;
1022 }
1023
1024 int hw_setup_raid(struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
1025         char* cmd = NULL;
1026         int r;
1027
1028         assert(dest->is_raid);
1029
1030         // Stop all RAID arrays that might be around (again).
1031         // It seems that there is some sort of race-condition with udev re-enabling
1032         // the raid arrays and therefore locking the disks.
1033         r = hw_destroy_raid_superblocks(dest, output);
1034
1035         asprintf(&cmd, "echo \"y\" | /sbin/mdadm --create --verbose --metadata=%s --auto=mdp %s",
1036                 RAID_METADATA, dest->path);
1037
1038         switch (dest->raid_level) {
1039                 case 1:
1040                         asprintf(&cmd, "%s --level=1 --raid-devices=2", cmd);
1041                         break;
1042
1043                 default:
1044                         assert(0);
1045         }
1046
1047         if (dest->disk1) {
1048                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk1->path);
1049
1050                 // Clear all data at the beginning
1051                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk1->path, MB2BYTES(10));
1052                 if (r <= 0)
1053                         return r;
1054         }
1055
1056         if (dest->disk2) {
1057                 asprintf(&cmd, "%s %s", cmd, dest->disk2->path);
1058
1059                 // Clear all data at the beginning
1060                 r = hw_zero_out_device(dest->disk2->path, MB2BYTES(10));
1061                 if (r <= 0)
1062                         return r;
1063         }
1064
1065         r = mysystem(output, cmd);
1066         free(cmd);
1067
1068         // Wait a moment until the device has been properly brought up
1069         if (r == 0) {
1070                 unsigned int counter = 10;
1071                 while (counter-- > 0) {
1072                         sleep(1);
1073
1074                         // If the raid device has not yet been properly brought up,
1075                         // opening it will fail with the message: Device or resource busy
1076                         // Hence we will wait a bit until it becomes usable.
1077                         if (try_open(dest->path) == 0)
1078                                 break;
1079                 }
1080         }
1081
1082         return r;
1083 }
1084
1085 int hw_stop_all_raid_arrays(const char* output) {
1086         return mysystem(output, "/sbin/mdadm --stop --scan --verbose");
1087 }
1088
1089 int hw_install_bootloader(struct hw* hw, struct hw_destination* dest, const char* output) {
1090         char cmd[STRING_SIZE];
1091
1092         snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "/usr/bin/install-bootloader %s", dest->path);
1093         int r = system_chroot(output, DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH, cmd);
1094         if (r)
1095                 return r;
1096
1097         hw_sync();
1098
1099         return 0;
1100 }
1101
1102 static char* hw_get_uuid(const char* dev) {
1103         blkid_probe p = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(dev);
1104         const char* buffer = NULL;
1105         char* uuid = NULL;
1106
1107         if (!p)
1108                 return NULL;
1109
1110         blkid_do_probe(p);
1111         blkid_probe_lookup_value(p, "UUID", &buffer, NULL);
1112
1113         if (buffer)
1114                 uuid = strdup(buffer);
1115
1116         blkid_free_probe(p);
1117
1118         return uuid;
1119 }
1120
1121 #define FSTAB_FMT "UUID=%s %-8s %-4s %-10s %d %d\n"
1122
1123 int hw_write_fstab(struct hw_destination* dest) {
1124         FILE* f = fopen(DESTINATION_MOUNT_PATH "/etc/fstab", "w");
1125         if (!f)
1126                 return -1;
1127
1128         char* uuid = NULL;
1129
1130         // boot
1131         if (*dest->part_boot) {
1132                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_boot);
1133
1134                 if (uuid) {
1135                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/boot", "auto", "defaults,nodev,noexec,nosuid", 1, 2);
1136                         free(uuid);
1137                 }
1138         }
1139
1140         // ESP
1141         if (*dest->part_boot_efi) {
1142                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_boot_efi);
1143
1144                 if (uuid) {
1145                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/boot/efi", "auto", "defaults", 1, 2);
1146                         free(uuid);
1147                 }
1148         }
1149
1150
1151         // swap
1152         if (*dest->part_swap) {
1153                 uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_swap);
1154
1155                 if (uuid) {
1156                         fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "swap", "swap", "defaults,pri=1", 0, 0);
1157                         free(uuid);
1158                 }
1159         }
1160
1161         // root
1162         uuid = hw_get_uuid(dest->part_root);
1163         if (uuid) {
1164                 fprintf(f, FSTAB_FMT, uuid, "/", "auto", "defaults", 1, 1);
1165                 free(uuid);
1166         }
1167
1168         fclose(f);
1169
1170         return 0;
1171 }
1172
1173 void hw_sync() {
1174         sync();
1175         sync();
1176         sync();
1177 }
1178
1179 int hw_start_networking(const char* output) {
1180         return mysystem(output, "/usr/bin/start-networking.sh");
1181 }
1182
1183 char* hw_find_backup_file(const char* output, const char* search_path) {
1184         char path[STRING_SIZE];
1185
1186         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/backup.ipf", search_path);
1187         int r = access(path, R_OK);
1188
1189         if (r == 0)
1190                 return strdup(path);
1191
1192         return NULL;
1193 }
1194
1195 int hw_restore_backup(const char* output, const char* backup_path, const char* destination) {
1196         char command[STRING_SIZE];
1197
1198         snprintf(command, sizeof(command), "/bin/tar xzpf %s -C %s "
1199                 "--exclude-from=%s/var/ipfire/backup/exclude --exclude-from=%s/var/ipfire/backup/exclude.user",
1200                 backup_path, destination, destination, destination);
1201         int rc = mysystem(output, command);
1202
1203         if (rc)
1204                 return -1;
1205
1206         return 0;
1207 }