From 47546a1912fc4a037035746998c3cfa740beed70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ard Biesheuvel Date: Thu, 9 Jun 2022 19:43:20 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] arm64: mm: install KPTI nG mappings with MMU enabled In cases where we unmap the kernel while running in user space, we rely on ASIDs to distinguish the minimal trampoline from the full kernel mapping, and this means we must use non-global attributes for those mappings, to ensure they are scoped by ASID and will not hit in the TLB inadvertently. We only do this when needed, as this is generally more costly in terms of TLB pressure, and so we boot without these non-global attributes, and apply them to all existing kernel mappings once all CPUs are up and we know whether or not the non-global attributes are needed. At this point, we cannot simply unmap and remap the entire address space, so we have to update all existing block and page descriptors in place. Currently, we go through a lot of trouble to perform these updates with the MMU and caches off, to avoid violating break before make (BBM) rules imposed by the architecture. Since we make changes to page tables that are not covered by the ID map, we gain access to those descriptors by disabling translations altogether. This means that the stores to memory are issued with device attributes, and require extra care in terms of coherency, which is costly. We also rely on the ID map to access a shared flag, which requires the ID map to be executable and writable at the same time, which is another thing we'd prefer to avoid. So let's switch to an approach where we replace the kernel mapping with a minimal mapping of a few pages that can be used for a minimal, ad-hoc fixmap that we can use to map each page table in turn as we traverse the hierarchy. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220609174320.4035379-3-ardb@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Will Deacon --- arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++-- arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c | 7 +++ arch/arm64/mm/proc.S | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------- 3 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c index 8d88433de81d..145b43c6c651 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/cpufeature.c @@ -1645,14 +1645,34 @@ static bool unmap_kernel_at_el0(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *entry, } #ifdef CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0 +#define KPTI_NG_TEMP_VA (-(1UL << PMD_SHIFT)) + +extern +void create_kpti_ng_temp_pgd(pgd_t *pgdir, phys_addr_t phys, unsigned long virt, + phys_addr_t size, pgprot_t prot, + phys_addr_t (*pgtable_alloc)(int), int flags); + +static phys_addr_t kpti_ng_temp_alloc; + +static phys_addr_t kpti_ng_pgd_alloc(int shift) +{ + kpti_ng_temp_alloc -= PAGE_SIZE; + return kpti_ng_temp_alloc; +} + static void __nocfi kpti_install_ng_mappings(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *__unused) { - typedef void (kpti_remap_fn)(int, int, phys_addr_t); + typedef void (kpti_remap_fn)(int, int, phys_addr_t, unsigned long); extern kpti_remap_fn idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings; kpti_remap_fn *remap_fn; int cpu = smp_processor_id(); + int levels = CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS; + int order = order_base_2(levels); + u64 kpti_ng_temp_pgd_pa = 0; + pgd_t *kpti_ng_temp_pgd; + u64 alloc = 0; if (__this_cpu_read(this_cpu_vector) == vectors) { const char *v = arm64_get_bp_hardening_vector(EL1_VECTOR_KPTI); @@ -1670,12 +1690,40 @@ kpti_install_ng_mappings(const struct arm64_cpu_capabilities *__unused) remap_fn = (void *)__pa_symbol(function_nocfi(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings)); + if (!cpu) { + alloc = __get_free_pages(GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_ZERO, order); + kpti_ng_temp_pgd = (pgd_t *)(alloc + (levels - 1) * PAGE_SIZE); + kpti_ng_temp_alloc = kpti_ng_temp_pgd_pa = __pa(kpti_ng_temp_pgd); + + // + // Create a minimal page table hierarchy that permits us to map + // the swapper page tables temporarily as we traverse them. + // + // The physical pages are laid out as follows: + // + // +--------+-/-------+-/------ +-\\--------+ + // : PTE[] : | PMD[] : | PUD[] : || PGD[] : + // +--------+-\-------+-\------ +-//--------+ + // ^ + // The first page is mapped into this hierarchy at a PMD_SHIFT + // aligned virtual address, so that we can manipulate the PTE + // level entries while the mapping is active. The first entry + // covers the PTE[] page itself, the remaining entries are free + // to be used as a ad-hoc fixmap. + // + create_kpti_ng_temp_pgd(kpti_ng_temp_pgd, __pa(alloc), + KPTI_NG_TEMP_VA, PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_KERNEL, + kpti_ng_pgd_alloc, 0); + } + cpu_install_idmap(); - remap_fn(cpu, num_online_cpus(), __pa_symbol(swapper_pg_dir)); + remap_fn(cpu, num_online_cpus(), kpti_ng_temp_pgd_pa, KPTI_NG_TEMP_VA); cpu_uninstall_idmap(); - if (!cpu) + if (!cpu) { + free_pages(alloc, order); arm64_use_ng_mappings = true; + } } #else static void diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c index 626ec32873c6..5e2feb0c442d 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c @@ -388,6 +388,13 @@ static void __create_pgd_mapping(pgd_t *pgdir, phys_addr_t phys, } while (pgdp++, addr = next, addr != end); } +#ifdef CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0 +extern __alias(__create_pgd_mapping) +void create_kpti_ng_temp_pgd(pgd_t *pgdir, phys_addr_t phys, unsigned long virt, + phys_addr_t size, pgprot_t prot, + phys_addr_t (*pgtable_alloc)(int), int flags); +#endif + static phys_addr_t __pgd_pgtable_alloc(int shift) { void *ptr = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_PGTABLE_KERNEL); diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/proc.S b/arch/arm64/mm/proc.S index 660887152dba..972ce8d7f2c5 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/mm/proc.S +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/proc.S @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -200,20 +201,19 @@ SYM_FUNC_END(idmap_cpu_replace_ttbr1) .popsection #ifdef CONFIG_UNMAP_KERNEL_AT_EL0 + +#define KPTI_NG_PTE_FLAGS (PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL) | SWAPPER_PTE_FLAGS) + .pushsection ".idmap.text", "awx" .macro kpti_mk_tbl_ng, type, num_entries add end_\type\()p, cur_\type\()p, #\num_entries * 8 .Ldo_\type: - dc cvac, cur_\type\()p // Ensure any existing dirty - dmb sy // lines are written back before - ldr \type, [cur_\type\()p] // loading the entry + ldr \type, [cur_\type\()p] // Load the entry tbz \type, #0, .Lnext_\type // Skip invalid and tbnz \type, #11, .Lnext_\type // non-global entries orr \type, \type, #PTE_NG // Same bit for blocks and pages - str \type, [cur_\type\()p] // Update the entry and ensure - dmb sy // that it is visible to all - dc civac, cur_\()\type\()p // CPUs. + str \type, [cur_\type\()p] // Update the entry .ifnc \type, pte tbnz \type, #1, .Lderef_\type .endif @@ -223,8 +223,29 @@ SYM_FUNC_END(idmap_cpu_replace_ttbr1) b.ne .Ldo_\type .endm + /* + * Dereference the current table entry and map it into the temporary + * fixmap slot associated with the current level. + */ + .macro kpti_map_pgtbl, type, level + str xzr, [temp_pte, #8 * (\level + 1)] // break before make + dsb nshst + add pte, temp_pte, #PAGE_SIZE * (\level + 1) + lsr pte, pte, #12 + tlbi vaae1, pte + dsb nsh + isb + + phys_to_pte pte, cur_\type\()p + add cur_\type\()p, temp_pte, #PAGE_SIZE * (\level + 1) + orr pte, pte, pte_flags + str pte, [temp_pte, #8 * (\level + 1)] + dsb nshst + .endm + /* - * void __kpti_install_ng_mappings(int cpu, int num_cpus, phys_addr_t swapper) + * void __kpti_install_ng_mappings(int cpu, int num_secondaries, phys_addr_t temp_pgd, + * unsigned long temp_pte_va) * * Called exactly once from stop_machine context by each CPU found during boot. */ @@ -232,8 +253,10 @@ __idmap_kpti_flag: .long 1 SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) cpu .req w0 + temp_pte .req x0 num_cpus .req w1 - swapper_pa .req x2 + pte_flags .req x1 + temp_pgd_phys .req x2 swapper_ttb .req x3 flag_ptr .req x4 cur_pgdp .req x5 @@ -246,9 +269,10 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) cur_ptep .req x14 end_ptep .req x15 pte .req x16 + valid .req x17 + mov x5, x3 // preserve temp_pte arg mrs swapper_ttb, ttbr1_el1 - restore_ttbr1 swapper_ttb adr flag_ptr, __idmap_kpti_flag cbnz cpu, __idmap_kpti_secondary @@ -260,28 +284,28 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) eor w17, w17, num_cpus cbnz w17, 1b - /* We need to walk swapper, so turn off the MMU. */ - pre_disable_mmu_workaround - mrs x17, sctlr_el1 - bic x17, x17, #SCTLR_ELx_M - msr sctlr_el1, x17 + /* Switch to the temporary page tables on this CPU only */ + __idmap_cpu_set_reserved_ttbr1 x8, x9 + offset_ttbr1 temp_pgd_phys, x8 + msr ttbr1_el1, temp_pgd_phys isb + mov temp_pte, x5 + mov pte_flags, #KPTI_NG_PTE_FLAGS + /* Everybody is enjoying the idmap, so we can rewrite swapper. */ /* PGD */ - mov cur_pgdp, swapper_pa + adrp cur_pgdp, swapper_pg_dir + kpti_map_pgtbl pgd, 0 kpti_mk_tbl_ng pgd, PTRS_PER_PGD - /* Publish the updated tables and nuke all the TLBs */ - dsb sy - tlbi vmalle1is - dsb ish - isb + /* Ensure all the updated entries are visible to secondary CPUs */ + dsb ishst - /* We're done: fire up the MMU again */ - mrs x17, sctlr_el1 - orr x17, x17, #SCTLR_ELx_M - set_sctlr_el1 x17 + /* We're done: fire up swapper_pg_dir again */ + __idmap_cpu_set_reserved_ttbr1 x8, x9 + msr ttbr1_el1, swapper_ttb + isb /* Set the flag to zero to indicate that we're all done */ str wzr, [flag_ptr] @@ -292,6 +316,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) .if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3 pud .req x10 pte_to_phys cur_pudp, pgd + kpti_map_pgtbl pud, 1 kpti_mk_tbl_ng pud, PTRS_PER_PUD b .Lnext_pgd .else /* CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS <= 3 */ @@ -304,6 +329,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) .if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2 pmd .req x13 pte_to_phys cur_pmdp, pud + kpti_map_pgtbl pmd, 2 kpti_mk_tbl_ng pmd, PTRS_PER_PMD b .Lnext_pud .else /* CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS <= 2 */ @@ -314,12 +340,15 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) .Lderef_pmd: /* PTE */ pte_to_phys cur_ptep, pmd + kpti_map_pgtbl pte, 3 kpti_mk_tbl_ng pte, PTRS_PER_PTE b .Lnext_pmd .unreq cpu + .unreq temp_pte .unreq num_cpus - .unreq swapper_pa + .unreq pte_flags + .unreq temp_pgd_phys .unreq cur_pgdp .unreq end_pgdp .unreq pgd @@ -332,6 +361,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(idmap_kpti_install_ng_mappings) .unreq cur_ptep .unreq end_ptep .unreq pte + .unreq valid /* Secondary CPUs end up here */ __idmap_kpti_secondary: @@ -351,7 +381,6 @@ __idmap_kpti_secondary: cbnz w16, 1b /* All done, act like nothing happened */ - offset_ttbr1 swapper_ttb, x16 msr ttbr1_el1, swapper_ttb isb ret -- 2.39.2