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[people/ms/putty.git] / psftp.c

/*
 * psftp.c: (platform-independent) front end for PSFTP.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define PUTTY_DO_GLOBALS
#include "putty.h"
#include "psftp.h"
#include "storage.h"
#include "ssh.h"
#include "sftp.h"
#include "int64.h"

const char *const appname = "PSFTP";

/*
 * Since SFTP is a request-response oriented protocol, it requires
 * no buffer management: when we send data, we stop and wait for an
 * acknowledgement _anyway_, and so we can't possibly overfill our
 * send buffer.
 */

static int psftp_connect(char *userhost, char *user, int portnumber);
static int do_sftp_init(void);
void do_sftp_cleanup();

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * sftp client state.
 */

char *pwd, *homedir;
static Backend *back;
static void *backhandle;
static Config cfg;

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Higher-level helper functions used in commands.
 */

/*
 * Attempt to canonify a pathname starting from the pwd. If
 * canonification fails, at least fall back to returning a _valid_
 * pathname (though it may be ugly, eg /home/simon/../foobar).
 */
char *canonify(char *name)
{
    char *fullname, *canonname;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;

    if (name[0] == '/') {
        fullname = dupstr(name);
    } else {
        char *slash;
        if (pwd[strlen(pwd) - 1] == '/')
            slash = "";
        else
            slash = "/";
        fullname = dupcat(pwd, slash, name, NULL);
    }

    sftp_register(req = fxp_realpath_send(fullname));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    canonname = fxp_realpath_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (canonname) {
        sfree(fullname);
        return canonname;
    } else {
        /*
         * Attempt number 2. Some FXP_REALPATH implementations
         * (glibc-based ones, in particular) require the _whole_
         * path to point to something that exists, whereas others
         * (BSD-based) only require all but the last component to
         * exist. So if the first call failed, we should strip off
         * everything from the last slash onwards and try again,
         * then put the final component back on.
         * 
         * Special cases:
         * 
         *  - if the last component is "/." or "/..", then we don't
         *    bother trying this because there's no way it can work.
         * 
         *  - if the thing actually ends with a "/", we remove it
         *    before we start. Except if the string is "/" itself
         *    (although I can't see why we'd have got here if so,
         *    because surely "/" would have worked the first
         *    time?), in which case we don't bother.
         * 
         *  - if there's no slash in the string at all, give up in
         *    confusion (we expect at least one because of the way
         *    we constructed the string).
         */

        int i;
        char *returnname;

        i = strlen(fullname);
        if (i > 2 && fullname[i - 1] == '/')
            fullname[--i] = '\0';      /* strip trailing / unless at pos 0 */
        while (i > 0 && fullname[--i] != '/');

        /*
         * Give up on special cases.
         */
        if (fullname[i] != '/' ||      /* no slash at all */
            !strcmp(fullname + i, "/.") ||      /* ends in /. */
            !strcmp(fullname + i, "/..") ||     /* ends in /.. */
            !strcmp(fullname, "/")) {
            return fullname;
        }

        /*
         * Now i points at the slash. Deal with the final special
         * case i==0 (ie the whole path was "/nonexistentfile").
         */
        fullname[i] = '\0';            /* separate the string */
        if (i == 0) {
            sftp_register(req = fxp_realpath_send("/"));
        } else {
            sftp_register(req = fxp_realpath_send(fullname));
        }
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        canonname = fxp_realpath_recv(pktin, rreq);

        if (!canonname) {
            /* Even that failed. Restore our best guess at the
             * constructed filename and give up */
            fullname[i] = '/';  /* restore slash and last component */
            return fullname;
        }

        /*
         * We have a canonical name for all but the last path
         * component. Concatenate the last component and return.
         */
        returnname = dupcat(canonname,
                            canonname[strlen(canonname) - 1] ==
                            '/' ? "" : "/", fullname + i + 1, NULL);
        sfree(fullname);
        sfree(canonname);
        return returnname;
    }
}

/*
 * Return a pointer to the portion of str that comes after the last
 * slash (or backslash or colon, if `local' is TRUE).
 */
static char *stripslashes(char *str, int local)
{
    char *p;

    if (local) {
        p = strchr(str, ':');
        if (p) str = p+1;
    }

    p = strrchr(str, '/');
    if (p) str = p+1;

    if (local) {
        p = strrchr(str, '\\');
        if (p) str = p+1;
    }

    return str;
}

/*
 * qsort comparison routine for fxp_name structures. Sorts by real
 * file name.
 */
static int sftp_name_compare(const void *av, const void *bv)
{
    const struct fxp_name *const *a = (const struct fxp_name *const *) av;
    const struct fxp_name *const *b = (const struct fxp_name *const *) bv;
    return strcmp((*a)->filename, (*b)->filename);
}

/*
 * Likewise, but for a bare char *.
 */
static int bare_name_compare(const void *av, const void *bv)
{
    const char **a = (const char **) av;
    const char **b = (const char **) bv;
    return strcmp(*a, *b);
}

static void not_connected(void)
{
    printf("psftp: not connected to a host; use \"open host.name\"\n");
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * The meat of the `get' and `put' commands.
 */
int sftp_get_file(char *fname, char *outfname, int recurse, int restart)
{
    struct fxp_handle *fh;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    struct fxp_xfer *xfer;
    uint64 offset;
    WFile *file;
    int ret, shown_err = FALSE;

    /*
     * In recursive mode, see if we're dealing with a directory.
     * (If we're not in recursive mode, we need not even check: the
     * subsequent FXP_OPEN will return a usable error message.)
     */
    if (recurse) {
        struct fxp_attrs attrs;
        int result;

        sftp_register(req = fxp_stat_send(fname));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        result = fxp_stat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);

        if (result &&
            (attrs.flags & SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS) &&
            (attrs.permissions & 0040000)) {

            struct fxp_handle *dirhandle;
            int nnames, namesize;
            struct fxp_name **ournames;
            struct fxp_names *names;
            int i;

            /*
             * First, attempt to create the destination directory,
             * unless it already exists.
             */
            if (file_type(outfname) != FILE_TYPE_DIRECTORY &&
                !create_directory(outfname)) {
                printf("%s: Cannot create directory\n", outfname);
                return 0;
            }

            /*
             * Now get the list of filenames in the remote
             * directory.
             */
            sftp_register(req = fxp_opendir_send(fname));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            dirhandle = fxp_opendir_recv(pktin, rreq);

            if (!dirhandle) {
                printf("%s: unable to open directory: %s\n",
                       fname, fxp_error());
                return 0;
            }
            nnames = namesize = 0;
            ournames = NULL;
            while (1) {
                int i;

                sftp_register(req = fxp_readdir_send(dirhandle));
                rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
                assert(rreq == req);
                names = fxp_readdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

                if (names == NULL) {
                    if (fxp_error_type() == SSH_FX_EOF)
                        break;
                    printf("%s: reading directory: %s\n", fname, fxp_error());
                    sfree(ournames);
                    return 0;
                }
                if (names->nnames == 0) {
                    fxp_free_names(names);
                    break;
                }
                if (nnames + names->nnames >= namesize) {
                    namesize += names->nnames + 128;
                    ournames = sresize(ournames, namesize, struct fxp_name *);
                }
                for (i = 0; i < names->nnames; i++)
                    if (strcmp(names->names[i].filename, ".") &&
                        strcmp(names->names[i].filename, "..")) {
                        if (!vet_filename(names->names[i].filename)) {
                            printf("ignoring potentially dangerous server-"
                                   "supplied filename '%s'\n",
                                   names->names[i].filename);
                        } else {
                            ournames[nnames++] =
                                fxp_dup_name(&names->names[i]);
                        }
                    }
                fxp_free_names(names);
            }
            sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(dirhandle));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

            /*
             * Sort the names into a clear order. This ought to
             * make things more predictable when we're doing a
             * reget of the same directory, just in case two
             * readdirs on the same remote directory return a
             * different order.
             */
            qsort(ournames, nnames, sizeof(*ournames), sftp_name_compare);

            /*
             * If we're in restart mode, find the last filename on
             * this list that already exists. We may have to do a
             * reget on _that_ file, but shouldn't have to do
             * anything on the previous files.
             * 
             * If none of them exists, of course, we start at 0.
             */
            i = 0;
            if (restart) {
                while (i < nnames) {
                    char *nextoutfname;
                    int ret;
                    if (outfname)
                        nextoutfname = dir_file_cat(outfname,
                                                    ournames[i]->filename);
                    else
                        nextoutfname = dupstr(ournames[i]->filename);
                    ret = (file_type(nextoutfname) == FILE_TYPE_NONEXISTENT);
                    sfree(nextoutfname);
                    if (ret)
                        break;
                    i++;
                }
                if (i > 0)
                    i--;
            }

            /*
             * Now we're ready to recurse. Starting at ournames[i]
             * and continuing on to the end of the list, we
             * construct a new source and target file name, and
             * call sftp_get_file again.
             */
            for (; i < nnames; i++) {
                char *nextfname, *nextoutfname;
                int ret;
                
                nextfname = dupcat(fname, "/", ournames[i]->filename, NULL);
                if (outfname)
                    nextoutfname = dir_file_cat(outfname,
                                                ournames[i]->filename);
                else
                    nextoutfname = dupstr(ournames[i]->filename);
                ret = sftp_get_file(nextfname, nextoutfname, recurse, restart);
                restart = FALSE;       /* after first partial file, do full */
                sfree(nextoutfname);
                sfree(nextfname);
                if (!ret) {
                    for (i = 0; i < nnames; i++) {
                        fxp_free_name(ournames[i]);
                    }
                    sfree(ournames);
                    return 0;
                }
            }

            /*
             * Done this recursion level. Free everything.
             */
            for (i = 0; i < nnames; i++) {
                fxp_free_name(ournames[i]);
            }
            sfree(ournames);

            return 1;
        }
    }

    sftp_register(req = fxp_open_send(fname, SSH_FXF_READ));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fh = fxp_open_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!fh) {
        printf("%s: open for read: %s\n", fname, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    if (restart) {
        file = open_existing_wfile(outfname, NULL);
    } else {
        file = open_new_file(outfname);
    }

    if (!file) {
        printf("local: unable to open %s\n", outfname);

        sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(fh));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

        return 0;
    }

    if (restart) {
        char decbuf[30];
        if (seek_file(file, uint64_make(0,0) , FROM_END) == -1) {
            close_wfile(file);
            printf("reget: cannot restart %s - file too large\n",
                   outfname);
            sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(fh));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);
                
            return 0;
        }
            
        offset = get_file_posn(file);
        uint64_decimal(offset, decbuf);
        printf("reget: restarting at file position %s\n", decbuf);
    } else {
        offset = uint64_make(0, 0);
    }

    printf("remote:%s => local:%s\n", fname, outfname);

    /*
     * FIXME: we can use FXP_FSTAT here to get the file size, and
     * thus put up a progress bar.
     */
    ret = 1;
    xfer = xfer_download_init(fh, offset);
    while (!xfer_done(xfer)) {
        void *vbuf;
        int ret, len;
        int wpos, wlen;

        xfer_download_queue(xfer);
        pktin = sftp_recv();
        ret = xfer_download_gotpkt(xfer, pktin);

        if (ret < 0) {
            if (!shown_err) {
                printf("error while reading: %s\n", fxp_error());
                shown_err = TRUE;
            }
            ret = 0;
        }

        while (xfer_download_data(xfer, &vbuf, &len)) {
            unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)vbuf;

            wpos = 0;
            while (wpos < len) {
                wlen = write_to_file(file, buf + wpos, len - wpos);
                if (wlen <= 0) {
                    printf("error while writing local file\n");
                    ret = 0;
                    xfer_set_error(xfer);
                    break;
                }
                wpos += wlen;
            }
            if (wpos < len) {          /* we had an error */
                ret = 0;
                xfer_set_error(xfer);
            }

            sfree(vbuf);
        }
    }

    xfer_cleanup(xfer);

    close_wfile(file);

    sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(fh));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

    return ret;
}

int sftp_put_file(char *fname, char *outfname, int recurse, int restart)
{
    struct fxp_handle *fh;
    struct fxp_xfer *xfer;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    uint64 offset;
    RFile *file;
    int ret, err, eof;

    /*
     * In recursive mode, see if we're dealing with a directory.
     * (If we're not in recursive mode, we need not even check: the
     * subsequent fopen will return an error message.)
     */
    if (recurse && file_type(fname) == FILE_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
        struct fxp_attrs attrs;
        int result;
        int nnames, namesize;
        char *name, **ournames;
        DirHandle *dh;
        int i;

        /*
         * First, attempt to create the destination directory,
         * unless it already exists.
         */
        sftp_register(req = fxp_stat_send(outfname));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        result = fxp_stat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);
        if (!result ||
            !(attrs.flags & SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS) ||
            !(attrs.permissions & 0040000)) {
            sftp_register(req = fxp_mkdir_send(outfname));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            result = fxp_mkdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

            if (!result) {
                printf("%s: create directory: %s\n",
                       outfname, fxp_error());
                return 0;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Now get the list of filenames in the local directory.
         */
        nnames = namesize = 0;
        ournames = NULL;

        dh = open_directory(fname);
        if (!dh) {
            printf("%s: unable to open directory\n", fname);
            return 0;
        }
        while ((name = read_filename(dh)) != NULL) {
            if (nnames >= namesize) {
                namesize += 128;
                ournames = sresize(ournames, namesize, char *);
            }
            ournames[nnames++] = name;
        }
        close_directory(dh);

        /*
         * Sort the names into a clear order. This ought to make
         * things more predictable when we're doing a reput of the
         * same directory, just in case two readdirs on the same
         * local directory return a different order.
         */
        qsort(ournames, nnames, sizeof(*ournames), bare_name_compare);

        /*
         * If we're in restart mode, find the last filename on this
         * list that already exists. We may have to do a reput on
         * _that_ file, but shouldn't have to do anything on the
         * previous files.
         *
         * If none of them exists, of course, we start at 0.
         */
        i = 0;
        if (restart) {
            while (i < nnames) {
                char *nextoutfname;
                nextoutfname = dupcat(outfname, "/", ournames[i], NULL);
                sftp_register(req = fxp_stat_send(nextoutfname));
                rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
                assert(rreq == req);
                result = fxp_stat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);
                sfree(nextoutfname);
                if (!result)
                    break;
                i++;
            }
            if (i > 0)
                i--;
        }

        /*
         * Now we're ready to recurse. Starting at ournames[i]
         * and continuing on to the end of the list, we
         * construct a new source and target file name, and
         * call sftp_put_file again.
         */
        for (; i < nnames; i++) {
            char *nextfname, *nextoutfname;
            int ret;

            if (fname)
                nextfname = dir_file_cat(fname, ournames[i]);
            else
                nextfname = dupstr(ournames[i]);
            nextoutfname = dupcat(outfname, "/", ournames[i], NULL);
            ret = sftp_put_file(nextfname, nextoutfname, recurse, restart);
            restart = FALSE;           /* after first partial file, do full */
            sfree(nextoutfname);
            sfree(nextfname);
            if (!ret) {
                for (i = 0; i < nnames; i++) {
                    sfree(ournames[i]);
                }
                sfree(ournames);
                return 0;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Done this recursion level. Free everything.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < nnames; i++) {
            sfree(ournames[i]);
        }
        sfree(ournames);

        return 1;
    }

    file = open_existing_file(fname, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (!file) {
        printf("local: unable to open %s\n", fname);
        return 0;
    }
    if (restart) {
        sftp_register(req = fxp_open_send(outfname, SSH_FXF_WRITE));
    } else {
        sftp_register(req = fxp_open_send(outfname, SSH_FXF_WRITE |
                                          SSH_FXF_CREAT | SSH_FXF_TRUNC));
    }
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fh = fxp_open_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!fh) {
        close_rfile(file);
        printf("%s: open for write: %s\n", outfname, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    if (restart) {
        char decbuf[30];
        struct fxp_attrs attrs;
        int ret;

        sftp_register(req = fxp_fstat_send(fh));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        ret = fxp_fstat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);

        if (!ret) {
            close_rfile(file);
            printf("read size of %s: %s\n", outfname, fxp_error());
            return 0;
        }
        if (!(attrs.flags & SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_SIZE)) {
            close_rfile(file);
            printf("read size of %s: size was not given\n", outfname);
            return 0;
        }
        offset = attrs.size;
        uint64_decimal(offset, decbuf);
        printf("reput: restarting at file position %s\n", decbuf);

        if (seek_file((WFile *)file, offset, FROM_START) != 0)
            seek_file((WFile *)file, uint64_make(0,0), FROM_END);    /* *shrug* */
    } else {
        offset = uint64_make(0, 0);
    }

    printf("local:%s => remote:%s\n", fname, outfname);

    /*
     * FIXME: we can use FXP_FSTAT here to get the file size, and
     * thus put up a progress bar.
     */
    ret = 1;
    xfer = xfer_upload_init(fh, offset);
    err = eof = 0;
    while ((!err && !eof) || !xfer_done(xfer)) {
        char buffer[4096];
        int len, ret;

        while (xfer_upload_ready(xfer) && !err && !eof) {
            len = read_from_file(file, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
            if (len == -1) {
                printf("error while reading local file\n");
                err = 1;
            } else if (len == 0) {
                eof = 1;
            } else {
                xfer_upload_data(xfer, buffer, len);
            }
        }

        if (!xfer_done(xfer)) {
            pktin = sftp_recv();
            ret = xfer_upload_gotpkt(xfer, pktin);
            if (ret <= 0 && !err) {
                printf("error while writing: %s\n", fxp_error());
                err = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    xfer_cleanup(xfer);

    sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(fh));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

    close_rfile(file);

    return ret;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * A remote wildcard matcher, providing a similar interface to the
 * local one in psftp.h.
 */

typedef struct SftpWildcardMatcher {
    struct fxp_handle *dirh;
    struct fxp_names *names;
    int namepos;
    char *wildcard, *prefix;
} SftpWildcardMatcher;

SftpWildcardMatcher *sftp_begin_wildcard_matching(char *name)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    char *wildcard;
    char *unwcdir, *tmpdir, *cdir;
    int len, check;
    SftpWildcardMatcher *swcm;
    struct fxp_handle *dirh;

    /*
     * We don't handle multi-level wildcards; so we expect to find
     * a fully specified directory part, followed by a wildcard
     * after that.
     */
    wildcard = stripslashes(name, 0);

    unwcdir = dupstr(name);
    len = wildcard - name;
    unwcdir[len] = '\0';
    if (len > 0 && unwcdir[len-1] == '/')
        unwcdir[len-1] = '\0';
    tmpdir = snewn(1 + len, char);
    check = wc_unescape(tmpdir, unwcdir);
    sfree(tmpdir);

    if (!check) {
        printf("Multiple-level wildcards are not supported\n");
        sfree(unwcdir);
        return NULL;
    }

    cdir = canonify(unwcdir);

    sftp_register(req = fxp_opendir_send(cdir));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    dirh = fxp_opendir_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (dirh) {
        swcm = snew(SftpWildcardMatcher);
        swcm->dirh = dirh;
        swcm->names = NULL;
        swcm->wildcard = dupstr(wildcard);
        swcm->prefix = unwcdir;
    } else {
        printf("Unable to open %s: %s\n", cdir, fxp_error());
        swcm = NULL;
        sfree(unwcdir);
    }

    sfree(cdir);

    return swcm;
}

char *sftp_wildcard_get_filename(SftpWildcardMatcher *swcm)
{
    struct fxp_name *name;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;

    while (1) {
        if (swcm->names && swcm->namepos >= swcm->names->nnames) {
            fxp_free_names(swcm->names);
            swcm->names = NULL;
        }

        if (!swcm->names) {
            sftp_register(req = fxp_readdir_send(swcm->dirh));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            swcm->names = fxp_readdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

            if (!swcm->names) {
                if (fxp_error_type() != SSH_FX_EOF)
                    printf("%s: reading directory: %s\n", swcm->prefix,
                           fxp_error());
                return NULL;
            }

            swcm->namepos = 0;
        }

        assert(swcm->names && swcm->namepos < swcm->names->nnames);

        name = &swcm->names->names[swcm->namepos++];

        if (!strcmp(name->filename, ".") || !strcmp(name->filename, ".."))
            continue;                  /* expected bad filenames */

        if (!vet_filename(name->filename)) {
            printf("ignoring potentially dangerous server-"
                   "supplied filename '%s'\n", name->filename);
            continue;                  /* unexpected bad filename */
        }

        if (!wc_match(swcm->wildcard, name->filename))
            continue;                  /* doesn't match the wildcard */

        /*
         * We have a working filename. Return it.
         */
        return dupprintf("%s%s%s", swcm->prefix,
                         (!swcm->prefix[0] ||
                          swcm->prefix[strlen(swcm->prefix)-1]=='/' ?
                          "" : "/"),
                         name->filename);
    }
}

void sftp_finish_wildcard_matching(SftpWildcardMatcher *swcm)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;

    sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(swcm->dirh));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (swcm->names)
        fxp_free_names(swcm->names);

    sfree(swcm->prefix);
    sfree(swcm->wildcard);

    sfree(swcm);
}

/*
 * General function to match a potential wildcard in a filename
 * argument and iterate over every matching file. Used in several
 * PSFTP commands (rmdir, rm, chmod, mv).
 */
int wildcard_iterate(char *filename, int (*func)(void *, char *), void *ctx)
{
    char *unwcfname, *newname, *cname;
    int is_wc, ret;

    unwcfname = snewn(strlen(filename)+1, char);
    is_wc = !wc_unescape(unwcfname, filename);

    if (is_wc) {
        SftpWildcardMatcher *swcm = sftp_begin_wildcard_matching(filename);
        int matched = FALSE;
        sfree(unwcfname);

        if (!swcm)
            return 0;

        ret = 1;

        while ( (newname = sftp_wildcard_get_filename(swcm)) != NULL ) {
            cname = canonify(newname);
            if (!cname) {
                printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", newname, fxp_error());
                ret = 0;
            }
            matched = TRUE;
            ret &= func(ctx, cname);
            sfree(cname);
        }

        if (!matched) {
            /* Politely warn the user that nothing matched. */
            printf("%s: nothing matched\n", filename);
        }

        sftp_finish_wildcard_matching(swcm);
    } else {
        cname = canonify(unwcfname);
        if (!cname) {
            printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", filename, fxp_error());
            ret = 0;
        }
        ret = func(ctx, cname);
        sfree(cname);
        sfree(unwcfname);
    }

    return ret;
}

/*
 * Handy helper function.
 */
int is_wildcard(char *name)
{
    char *unwcfname = snewn(strlen(name)+1, char);
    int is_wc = !wc_unescape(unwcfname, name);
    sfree(unwcfname);
    return is_wc;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Actual sftp commands.
 */
struct sftp_command {
    char **words;
    int nwords, wordssize;
    int (*obey) (struct sftp_command *);        /* returns <0 to quit */
};

int sftp_cmd_null(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return 1;                          /* success */
}

int sftp_cmd_unknown(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    printf("psftp: unknown command \"%s\"\n", cmd->words[0]);
    return 0;                          /* failure */
}

int sftp_cmd_quit(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return -1;
}

int sftp_cmd_close(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (back != NULL && back->connected(backhandle)) {
        char ch;
        back->special(backhandle, TS_EOF);
        sftp_recvdata(&ch, 1);
    }
    do_sftp_cleanup();

    return 0;
}

/*
 * List a directory. If no arguments are given, list pwd; otherwise
 * list the directory given in words[1].
 */
int sftp_cmd_ls(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    struct fxp_handle *dirh;
    struct fxp_names *names;
    struct fxp_name **ournames;
    int nnames, namesize;
    char *dir, *cdir, *unwcdir, *wildcard;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    int i;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2)
        dir = ".";
    else
        dir = cmd->words[1];

    unwcdir = snewn(1 + strlen(dir), char);
    if (wc_unescape(unwcdir, dir)) {
        dir = unwcdir;
        wildcard = NULL;
    } else {
        char *tmpdir;
        int len, check;

        wildcard = stripslashes(dir, 0);
        unwcdir = dupstr(dir);
        len = wildcard - dir;
        unwcdir[len] = '\0';
        if (len > 0 && unwcdir[len-1] == '/')
            unwcdir[len-1] = '\0';
        tmpdir = snewn(1 + len, char);
        check = wc_unescape(tmpdir, unwcdir);
        sfree(tmpdir);
        if (!check) {
            printf("Multiple-level wildcards are not supported\n");
            sfree(unwcdir);
            return 0;
        }
        dir = unwcdir;
    }

    cdir = canonify(dir);
    if (!cdir) {
        printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
        sfree(unwcdir);
        return 0;
    }

    printf("Listing directory %s\n", cdir);

    sftp_register(req = fxp_opendir_send(cdir));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    dirh = fxp_opendir_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (dirh == NULL) {
        printf("Unable to open %s: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
    } else {
        nnames = namesize = 0;
        ournames = NULL;

        while (1) {

            sftp_register(req = fxp_readdir_send(dirh));
            rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
            assert(rreq == req);
            names = fxp_readdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

            if (names == NULL) {
                if (fxp_error_type() == SSH_FX_EOF)
                    break;
                printf("Reading directory %s: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
                break;
            }
            if (names->nnames == 0) {
                fxp_free_names(names);
                break;
            }

            if (nnames + names->nnames >= namesize) {
                namesize += names->nnames + 128;
                ournames = sresize(ournames, namesize, struct fxp_name *);
            }

            for (i = 0; i < names->nnames; i++)
                if (!wildcard || wc_match(wildcard, names->names[i].filename))
                    ournames[nnames++] = fxp_dup_name(&names->names[i]);

            fxp_free_names(names);
        }
        sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(dirh));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

        /*
         * Now we have our filenames. Sort them by actual file
         * name, and then output the longname parts.
         */
        qsort(ournames, nnames, sizeof(*ournames), sftp_name_compare);

        /*
         * And print them.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < nnames; i++) {
            printf("%s\n", ournames[i]->longname);
            fxp_free_name(ournames[i]);
        }
        sfree(ournames);
    }

    sfree(cdir);
    sfree(unwcdir);

    return 1;
}

/*
 * Change directories. We do this by canonifying the new name, then
 * trying to OPENDIR it. Only if that succeeds do we set the new pwd.
 */
int sftp_cmd_cd(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    struct fxp_handle *dirh;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    char *dir;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2)
        dir = dupstr(homedir);
    else
        dir = canonify(cmd->words[1]);

    if (!dir) {
        printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    sftp_register(req = fxp_opendir_send(dir));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    dirh = fxp_opendir_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!dirh) {
        printf("Directory %s: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
        sfree(dir);
        return 0;
    }

    sftp_register(req = fxp_close_send(dirh));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    fxp_close_recv(pktin, rreq);

    sfree(pwd);
    pwd = dir;
    printf("Remote directory is now %s\n", pwd);

    return 1;
}

/*
 * Print current directory. Easy as pie.
 */
int sftp_cmd_pwd(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    printf("Remote directory is %s\n", pwd);
    return 1;
}

/*
 * Get a file and save it at the local end. We have three very
 * similar commands here. The basic one is `get'; `reget' differs
 * in that it checks for the existence of the destination file and
 * starts from where a previous aborted transfer left off; `mget'
 * differs in that it interprets all its arguments as files to
 * transfer (never as a different local name for a remote file) and
 * can handle wildcards.
 */
int sftp_general_get(struct sftp_command *cmd, int restart, int multiple)
{
    char *fname, *unwcfname, *origfname, *origwfname, *outfname;
    int i, ret;
    int recurse = FALSE;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    i = 1;
    while (i < cmd->nwords && cmd->words[i][0] == '-') {
        if (!strcmp(cmd->words[i], "--")) {
            /* finish processing options */
            i++;
            break;
        } else if (!strcmp(cmd->words[i], "-r")) {
            recurse = TRUE;
        } else {
            printf("%s: unrecognised option '%s'\n", cmd->words[0], cmd->words[i]);
            return 0;
        }
        i++;
    }

    if (i >= cmd->nwords) {
        printf("%s: expects a filename\n", cmd->words[0]);
        return 0;
    }

    ret = 1;
    do {
        SftpWildcardMatcher *swcm;

        origfname = cmd->words[i++];
        unwcfname = snewn(strlen(origfname)+1, char);

        if (multiple && !wc_unescape(unwcfname, origfname)) {
            swcm = sftp_begin_wildcard_matching(origfname);
            if (!swcm) {
                sfree(unwcfname);
                continue;
            }
            origwfname = sftp_wildcard_get_filename(swcm);
            if (!origwfname) {
                /* Politely warn the user that nothing matched. */
                printf("%s: nothing matched\n", origfname);
                sftp_finish_wildcard_matching(swcm);
                sfree(unwcfname);
                continue;
            }
        } else {
            origwfname = origfname;
            swcm = NULL;
        }

        while (origwfname) {
            fname = canonify(origwfname);

            if (!fname) {
                printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", origwfname, fxp_error());
                sfree(unwcfname);
                return 0;
            }

            if (!multiple && i < cmd->nwords)
                outfname = cmd->words[i++];
            else
                outfname = stripslashes(origwfname, 0);

            ret = sftp_get_file(fname, outfname, recurse, restart);

            sfree(fname);

            if (swcm) {
                sfree(origwfname);
                origwfname = sftp_wildcard_get_filename(swcm);
            } else {
                origwfname = NULL;
            }
        }
        sfree(unwcfname);
        if (swcm)
            sftp_finish_wildcard_matching(swcm);
        if (!ret)
            return ret;

    } while (multiple && i < cmd->nwords);

    return ret;
}
int sftp_cmd_get(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_get(cmd, 0, 0);
}
int sftp_cmd_mget(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_get(cmd, 0, 1);
}
int sftp_cmd_reget(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_get(cmd, 1, 0);
}

/*
 * Send a file and store it at the remote end. We have three very
 * similar commands here. The basic one is `put'; `reput' differs
 * in that it checks for the existence of the destination file and
 * starts from where a previous aborted transfer left off; `mput'
 * differs in that it interprets all its arguments as files to
 * transfer (never as a different remote name for a local file) and
 * can handle wildcards.
 */
int sftp_general_put(struct sftp_command *cmd, int restart, int multiple)
{
    char *fname, *wfname, *origoutfname, *outfname;
    int i, ret;
    int recurse = FALSE;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    i = 1;
    while (i < cmd->nwords && cmd->words[i][0] == '-') {
        if (!strcmp(cmd->words[i], "--")) {
            /* finish processing options */
            i++;
            break;
        } else if (!strcmp(cmd->words[i], "-r")) {
            recurse = TRUE;
        } else {
            printf("%s: unrecognised option '%s'\n", cmd->words[0], cmd->words[i]);
            return 0;
        }
        i++;
    }

    if (i >= cmd->nwords) {
        printf("%s: expects a filename\n", cmd->words[0]);
        return 0;
    }

    ret = 1;
    do {
        WildcardMatcher *wcm;
        fname = cmd->words[i++];

        if (multiple && test_wildcard(fname, FALSE) == WCTYPE_WILDCARD) {
            wcm = begin_wildcard_matching(fname);
            wfname = wildcard_get_filename(wcm);
            if (!wfname) {
                /* Politely warn the user that nothing matched. */
                printf("%s: nothing matched\n", fname);
                finish_wildcard_matching(wcm);
                continue;
            }
        } else {
            wfname = fname;
            wcm = NULL;
        }

        while (wfname) {
            if (!multiple && i < cmd->nwords)
                origoutfname = cmd->words[i++];
            else
                origoutfname = stripslashes(wfname, 1);

            outfname = canonify(origoutfname);
            if (!outfname) {
                printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", origoutfname, fxp_error());
                if (wcm) {
                    sfree(wfname);
                    finish_wildcard_matching(wcm);
                }
                return 0;
            }
            ret = sftp_put_file(wfname, outfname, recurse, restart);
            sfree(outfname);

            if (wcm) {
                sfree(wfname);
                wfname = wildcard_get_filename(wcm);
            } else {
                wfname = NULL;
            }
        }

        if (wcm)
            finish_wildcard_matching(wcm);

        if (!ret)
            return ret;

    } while (multiple && i < cmd->nwords);

    return ret;
}
int sftp_cmd_put(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_put(cmd, 0, 0);
}
int sftp_cmd_mput(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_put(cmd, 0, 1);
}
int sftp_cmd_reput(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    return sftp_general_put(cmd, 1, 0);
}

int sftp_cmd_mkdir(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    char *dir;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    int result;
    int i, ret;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2) {
        printf("mkdir: expects a directory\n");
        return 0;
    }

    ret = 1;
    for (i = 1; i < cmd->nwords; i++) {
        dir = canonify(cmd->words[i]);
        if (!dir) {
            printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
            return 0;
        }

        sftp_register(req = fxp_mkdir_send(dir));
        rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
        assert(rreq == req);
        result = fxp_mkdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

        if (!result) {
            printf("mkdir %s: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
            ret = 0;
        } else
            printf("mkdir %s: OK\n", dir);

        sfree(dir);
    }

    return ret;
}

static int sftp_action_rmdir(void *vctx, char *dir)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    int result;

    sftp_register(req = fxp_rmdir_send(dir));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_rmdir_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!result) {
        printf("rmdir %s: %s\n", dir, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    printf("rmdir %s: OK\n", dir);

    return 1;
}

int sftp_cmd_rmdir(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    int i, ret;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2) {
        printf("rmdir: expects a directory\n");
        return 0;
    }

    ret = 1;
    for (i = 1; i < cmd->nwords; i++)
        ret &= wildcard_iterate(cmd->words[i], sftp_action_rmdir, NULL);

    return ret;
}

static int sftp_action_rm(void *vctx, char *fname)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    int result;

    sftp_register(req = fxp_remove_send(fname));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_remove_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!result) {
        printf("rm %s: %s\n", fname, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    printf("rm %s: OK\n", fname);

    return 1;
}

int sftp_cmd_rm(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    int i, ret;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2) {
        printf("rm: expects a filename\n");
        return 0;
    }

    ret = 1;
    for (i = 1; i < cmd->nwords; i++)
        ret &= wildcard_iterate(cmd->words[i], sftp_action_rm, NULL);

    return ret;
}

static int check_is_dir(char *dstfname)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    struct fxp_attrs attrs;
    int result;

    sftp_register(req = fxp_stat_send(dstfname));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_stat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);

    if (result &&
        (attrs.flags & SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS) &&
        (attrs.permissions & 0040000))
        return TRUE;
    else
        return FALSE;
}

struct sftp_context_mv {
    char *dstfname;
    int dest_is_dir;
};

static int sftp_action_mv(void *vctx, char *srcfname)
{
    struct sftp_context_mv *ctx = (struct sftp_context_mv *)vctx;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    const char *error;
    char *finalfname, *newcanon = NULL;
    int ret, result;

    if (ctx->dest_is_dir) {
        char *p;
        char *newname;

        p = srcfname + strlen(srcfname);
        while (p > srcfname && p[-1] != '/') p--;
        newname = dupcat(ctx->dstfname, "/", p, NULL);
        newcanon = canonify(newname);
        if (!newcanon) {
            printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", newname, fxp_error());
            sfree(newname);
            return 0;
        }
        sfree(newname);

        finalfname = newcanon;
    } else {
        finalfname = ctx->dstfname;
    }

    sftp_register(req = fxp_rename_send(srcfname, finalfname));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_rename_recv(pktin, rreq);

    error = result ? NULL : fxp_error();

    if (error) {
        printf("mv %s %s: %s\n", srcfname, finalfname, error);
        ret = 0;
    } else {
        printf("%s -> %s\n", srcfname, finalfname);
        ret = 1;
    }

    sfree(newcanon);
    return ret;
}

int sftp_cmd_mv(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    struct sftp_context_mv actx, *ctx = &actx;
    int i, ret;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 3) {
        printf("mv: expects two filenames\n");
        return 0;
    }

    ctx->dstfname = canonify(cmd->words[cmd->nwords-1]);
    if (!ctx->dstfname) {
        printf("%s: canonify: %s\n", ctx->dstfname, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    /*
     * If there's more than one source argument, or one source
     * argument which is a wildcard, we _require_ that the
     * destination is a directory.
     */
    ctx->dest_is_dir = check_is_dir(ctx->dstfname);
    if ((cmd->nwords > 3 || is_wildcard(cmd->words[1])) && !ctx->dest_is_dir) {
        printf("mv: multiple or wildcard arguments require the destination"
               " to be a directory\n");
        sfree(ctx->dstfname);
        return 0;
    }

    /*
     * Now iterate over the source arguments.
     */
    ret = 1;
    for (i = 1; i < cmd->nwords-1; i++)
        ret &= wildcard_iterate(cmd->words[i], sftp_action_mv, ctx);

    sfree(ctx->dstfname);
    return ret;
}

struct sftp_context_chmod {
    unsigned attrs_clr, attrs_xor;
};

static int sftp_action_chmod(void *vctx, char *fname)
{
    struct fxp_attrs attrs;
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;
    int result;
    unsigned oldperms, newperms;
    struct sftp_context_chmod *ctx = (struct sftp_context_chmod *)vctx;

    sftp_register(req = fxp_stat_send(fname));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_stat_recv(pktin, rreq, &attrs);

    if (!result || !(attrs.flags & SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS)) {
        printf("get attrs for %s: %s\n", fname,
               result ? "file permissions not provided" : fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    attrs.flags = SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS;   /* perms _only_ */
    oldperms = attrs.permissions & 07777;
    attrs.permissions &= ~ctx->attrs_clr;
    attrs.permissions ^= ctx->attrs_xor;
    newperms = attrs.permissions & 07777;

    if (oldperms == newperms)
        return 1;                      /* no need to do anything! */

    sftp_register(req = fxp_setstat_send(fname, attrs));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    result = fxp_setstat_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!result) {
        printf("set attrs for %s: %s\n", fname, fxp_error());
        return 0;
    }

    printf("%s: %04o -> %04o\n", fname, oldperms, newperms);

    return 1;
}

int sftp_cmd_chmod(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    char *mode;
    int i, ret;
    struct sftp_context_chmod actx, *ctx = &actx;

    if (back == NULL) {
        not_connected();
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 3) {
        printf("chmod: expects a mode specifier and a filename\n");
        return 0;
    }

    /*
     * Attempt to parse the mode specifier in cmd->words[1]. We
     * don't support the full horror of Unix chmod; instead we
     * support a much simpler syntax in which the user can either
     * specify an octal number, or a comma-separated sequence of
     * [ugoa]*[-+=][rwxst]+. (The initial [ugoa] sequence may
     * _only_ be omitted if the only attribute mentioned is t,
     * since all others require a user/group/other specification.
     * Additionally, the s attribute may not be specified for any
     * [ugoa] specifications other than exactly u or exactly g.
     */
    ctx->attrs_clr = ctx->attrs_xor = 0;
    mode = cmd->words[1];
    if (mode[0] >= '0' && mode[0] <= '9') {
        if (mode[strspn(mode, "01234567")]) {
            printf("chmod: numeric file modes should"
                   " contain digits 0-7 only\n");
            return 0;
        }
        ctx->attrs_clr = 07777;
        sscanf(mode, "%o", &ctx->attrs_xor);
        ctx->attrs_xor &= ctx->attrs_clr;
    } else {
        while (*mode) {
            char *modebegin = mode;
            unsigned subset, perms;
            int action;

            subset = 0;
            while (*mode && *mode != ',' &&
                   *mode != '+' && *mode != '-' && *mode != '=') {
                switch (*mode) {
                  case 'u': subset |= 04700; break; /* setuid, user perms */
                  case 'g': subset |= 02070; break; /* setgid, group perms */
                  case 'o': subset |= 00007; break; /* just other perms */
                  case 'a': subset |= 06777; break; /* all of the above */
                  default:
                    printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s' contains unrecognised"
                           " user/group/other specifier '%c'\n",
                           (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin, *mode);
                    return 0;
                }
                mode++;
            }
            if (!*mode || *mode == ',') {
                printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s' is incomplete\n",
                       (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin);
                return 0;
            }
            action = *mode++;
            if (!*mode || *mode == ',') {
                printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s' is incomplete\n",
                       (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin);
                return 0;
            }
            perms = 0;
            while (*mode && *mode != ',') {
                switch (*mode) {
                  case 'r': perms |= 00444; break;
                  case 'w': perms |= 00222; break;
                  case 'x': perms |= 00111; break;
                  case 't': perms |= 01000; subset |= 01000; break;
                  case 's':
                    if ((subset & 06777) != 04700 &&
                        (subset & 06777) != 02070) {
                        printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s': set[ug]id bit should"
                               " be used with exactly one of u or g only\n",
                               (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin);
                        return 0;
                    }
                    perms |= 06000;
                    break;
                  default:
                    printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s' contains unrecognised"
                           " permission specifier '%c'\n",
                           (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin, *mode);
                    return 0;
                }
                mode++;
            }
            if (!(subset & 06777) && (perms &~ subset)) {
                printf("chmod: file mode '%.*s' contains no user/group/other"
                       " specifier and permissions other than 't' \n",
                       (int)strcspn(modebegin, ","), modebegin);
                return 0;
            }
            perms &= subset;
            switch (action) {
              case '+':
                ctx->attrs_clr |= perms;
                ctx->attrs_xor |= perms;
                break;
              case '-':
                ctx->attrs_clr |= perms;
                ctx->attrs_xor &= ~perms;
                break;
              case '=':
                ctx->attrs_clr |= subset;
                ctx->attrs_xor |= perms;
                break;
            }
            if (*mode) mode++;         /* eat comma */
        }
    }

    ret = 1;
    for (i = 2; i < cmd->nwords; i++)
        ret &= wildcard_iterate(cmd->words[i], sftp_action_chmod, ctx);

    return ret;
}

static int sftp_cmd_open(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    int portnumber;

    if (back != NULL) {
        printf("psftp: already connected\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords < 2) {
        printf("open: expects a host name\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (cmd->nwords > 2) {
        portnumber = atoi(cmd->words[2]);
        if (portnumber == 0) {
            printf("open: invalid port number\n");
            return 0;
        }
    } else
        portnumber = 0;

    if (psftp_connect(cmd->words[1], NULL, portnumber)) {
        back = NULL;                   /* connection is already closed */
        return -1;                     /* this is fatal */
    }
    do_sftp_init();
    return 1;
}

static int sftp_cmd_lcd(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    char *currdir, *errmsg;

    if (cmd->nwords < 2) {
        printf("lcd: expects a local directory name\n");
        return 0;
    }

    errmsg = psftp_lcd(cmd->words[1]);
    if (errmsg) {
        printf("lcd: unable to change directory: %s\n", errmsg);
        sfree(errmsg);
        return 0;
    }

    currdir = psftp_getcwd();
    printf("New local directory is %s\n", currdir);
    sfree(currdir);

    return 1;
}

static int sftp_cmd_lpwd(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    char *currdir;

    currdir = psftp_getcwd();
    printf("Current local directory is %s\n", currdir);
    sfree(currdir);

    return 1;
}

static int sftp_cmd_pling(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    int exitcode;

    exitcode = system(cmd->words[1]);
    return (exitcode == 0);
}

static int sftp_cmd_help(struct sftp_command *cmd);

static struct sftp_cmd_lookup {
    char *name;
    /*
     * For help purposes, there are two kinds of command:
     * 
     *  - primary commands, in which `longhelp' is non-NULL. In
     *    this case `shorthelp' is descriptive text, and `longhelp'
     *    is longer descriptive text intended to be printed after
     *    the command name.
     * 
     *  - alias commands, in which `longhelp' is NULL. In this case
     *    `shorthelp' is the name of a primary command, which
     *    contains the help that should double up for this command.
     */
    int listed;                        /* do we list this in primary help? */
    char *shorthelp;
    char *longhelp;
    int (*obey) (struct sftp_command *);
} sftp_lookup[] = {
    /*
     * List of sftp commands. This is binary-searched so it MUST be
     * in ASCII order.
     */
    {
        "!", TRUE, "run a local command",
            "<command>\n"
            /* FIXME: this example is crap for non-Windows. */
            "  Runs a local command. For example, \"!del myfile\".\n",
            sftp_cmd_pling
    },
    {
        "bye", TRUE, "finish your SFTP session",
            "\n"
            "  Terminates your SFTP session and quits the PSFTP program.\n",
            sftp_cmd_quit
    },
    {
        "cd", TRUE, "change your remote working directory",
            " [ <new working directory> ]\n"
            "  Change the remote working directory for your SFTP session.\n"
            "  If a new working directory is not supplied, you will be\n"
            "  returned to your home directory.\n",
            sftp_cmd_cd
    },
    {
        "chmod", TRUE, "change file permissions and modes",
            " <modes> <filename-or-wildcard> [ <filename-or-wildcard>... ]\n"
            "  Change the file permissions on one or more remote files or\n"
            "  directories.\n"
            "  <modes> can be any octal Unix permission specifier.\n"
            "  Alternatively, <modes> can include the following modifiers:\n"
            "    u+r     make file readable by owning user\n"
            "    u+w     make file writable by owning user\n"
            "    u+x     make file executable by owning user\n"
            "    u-r     make file not readable by owning user\n"
            "    [also u-w, u-x]\n"
            "    g+r     make file readable by members of owning group\n"
            "    [also g+w, g+x, g-r, g-w, g-x]\n"
            "    o+r     make file readable by all other users\n"
            "    [also o+w, o+x, o-r, o-w, o-x]\n"
            "    a+r     make file readable by absolutely everybody\n"
            "    [also a+w, a+x, a-r, a-w, a-x]\n"
            "    u+s     enable the Unix set-user-ID bit\n"
            "    u-s     disable the Unix set-user-ID bit\n"
            "    g+s     enable the Unix set-group-ID bit\n"
            "    g-s     disable the Unix set-group-ID bit\n"
            "    +t      enable the Unix \"sticky bit\"\n"
            "  You can give more than one modifier for the same user (\"g-rwx\"), and\n"
            "  more than one user for the same modifier (\"ug+w\"). You can\n"
            "  use commas to separate different modifiers (\"u+rwx,g+s\").\n",
            sftp_cmd_chmod
    },
    {
        "close", TRUE, "finish your SFTP session but do not quit PSFTP",
            "\n"
            "  Terminates your SFTP session, but does not quit the PSFTP\n"
            "  program. You can then use \"open\" to start another SFTP\n"
            "  session, to the same server or to a different one.\n",
            sftp_cmd_close
    },
    {
        "del", TRUE, "delete files on the remote server",
            " <filename-or-wildcard> [ <filename-or-wildcard>... ]\n"
            "  Delete a file or files from the server.\n",
            sftp_cmd_rm
    },
    {
        "delete", FALSE, "del", NULL, sftp_cmd_rm
    },
    {
        "dir", TRUE, "list remote files",
            " [ <directory-name> ]/[ <wildcard> ]\n"
            "  List the contents of a specified directory on the server.\n"
            "  If <directory-name> is not given, the current working directory\n"
            "  is assumed.\n"
            "  If <wildcard> is given, it is treated as a set of files to\n"
            "  list; otherwise, all files are listed.\n",
            sftp_cmd_ls
    },
    {
        "exit", TRUE, "bye", NULL, sftp_cmd_quit
    },
    {
        "get", TRUE, "download a file from the server to your local machine",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename> [ <local-filename> ]\n"
            "  Downloads a file on the server and stores it locally under\n"
            "  the same name, or under a different one if you supply the\n"
            "  argument <local-filename>.\n"
            "  If -r specified, recursively fetch a directory.\n",
            sftp_cmd_get
    },
    {
        "help", TRUE, "give help",
            " [ <command> [ <command> ... ] ]\n"
            "  Give general help if no commands are specified.\n"
            "  If one or more commands are specified, give specific help on\n"
            "  those particular commands.\n",
            sftp_cmd_help
    },
    {
        "lcd", TRUE, "change local working directory",
            " <local-directory-name>\n"
            "  Change the local working directory of the PSFTP program (the\n"
            "  default location where the \"get\" command will save files).\n",
            sftp_cmd_lcd
    },
    {
        "lpwd", TRUE, "print local working directory",
            "\n"
            "  Print the local working directory of the PSFTP program (the\n"
            "  default location where the \"get\" command will save files).\n",
            sftp_cmd_lpwd
    },
    {
        "ls", TRUE, "dir", NULL,
            sftp_cmd_ls
    },
    {
        "mget", TRUE, "download multiple files at once",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename-or-wildcard> [ <filename-or-wildcard>... ]\n"
            "  Downloads many files from the server, storing each one under\n"
            "  the same name it has on the server side. You can use wildcards\n"
            "  such as \"*.c\" to specify lots of files at once.\n"
            "  If -r specified, recursively fetch files and directories.\n",
            sftp_cmd_mget
    },
    {
        "mkdir", TRUE, "create directories on the remote server",
            " <directory-name> [ <directory-name>... ]\n"
            "  Creates directories with the given names on the server.\n",
            sftp_cmd_mkdir
    },
    {
        "mput", TRUE, "upload multiple files at once",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename-or-wildcard> [ <filename-or-wildcard>... ]\n"
            "  Uploads many files to the server, storing each one under the\n"
            "  same name it has on the client side. You can use wildcards\n"
            "  such as \"*.c\" to specify lots of files at once.\n"
            "  If -r specified, recursively store files and directories.\n",
            sftp_cmd_mput
    },
    {
        "mv", TRUE, "move or rename file(s) on the remote server",
            " <source> [ <source>... ] <destination>\n"
            "  Moves or renames <source>(s) on the server to <destination>,\n"
            "  also on the server.\n"
            "  If <destination> specifies an existing directory, then <source>\n"
            "  may be a wildcard, and multiple <source>s may be given; all\n"
            "  source files are moved into <destination>.\n"
            "  Otherwise, <source> must specify a single file, which is moved\n"
            "  or renamed so that it is accessible under the name <destination>.\n",
            sftp_cmd_mv
    },
    {
        "open", TRUE, "connect to a host",
            " [<user>@]<hostname> [<port>]\n"
            "  Establishes an SFTP connection to a given host. Only usable\n"
            "  when you are not already connected to a server.\n",
            sftp_cmd_open
    },
    {
        "put", TRUE, "upload a file from your local machine to the server",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename> [ <remote-filename> ]\n"
            "  Uploads a file to the server and stores it there under\n"
            "  the same name, or under a different one if you supply the\n"
            "  argument <remote-filename>.\n"
            "  If -r specified, recursively store a directory.\n",
            sftp_cmd_put
    },
    {
        "pwd", TRUE, "print your remote working directory",
            "\n"
            "  Print the current remote working directory for your SFTP session.\n",
            sftp_cmd_pwd
    },
    {
        "quit", TRUE, "bye", NULL,
            sftp_cmd_quit
    },
    {
        "reget", TRUE, "continue downloading files",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename> [ <local-filename> ]\n"
            "  Works exactly like the \"get\" command, but the local file\n"
            "  must already exist. The download will begin at the end of the\n"
            "  file. This is for resuming a download that was interrupted.\n"
            "  If -r specified, resume interrupted \"get -r\".\n",
            sftp_cmd_reget
    },
    {
        "ren", TRUE, "mv", NULL,
            sftp_cmd_mv
    },
    {
        "rename", FALSE, "mv", NULL,
            sftp_cmd_mv
    },
    {
        "reput", TRUE, "continue uploading files",
            " [ -r ] [ -- ] <filename> [ <remote-filename> ]\n"
            "  Works exactly like the \"put\" command, but the remote file\n"
            "  must already exist. The upload will begin at the end of the\n"
            "  file. This is for resuming an upload that was interrupted.\n"
            "  If -r specified, resume interrupted \"put -r\".\n",
            sftp_cmd_reput
    },
    {
        "rm", TRUE, "del", NULL,
            sftp_cmd_rm
    },
    {
        "rmdir", TRUE, "remove directories on the remote server",
            " <directory-name> [ <directory-name>... ]\n"
            "  Removes the directory with the given name on the server.\n"
            "  The directory will not be removed unless it is empty.\n"
            "  Wildcards may be used to specify multiple directories.\n",
            sftp_cmd_rmdir
    }
};

const struct sftp_cmd_lookup *lookup_command(char *name)
{
    int i, j, k, cmp;

    i = -1;
    j = sizeof(sftp_lookup) / sizeof(*sftp_lookup);
    while (j - i > 1) {
        k = (j + i) / 2;
        cmp = strcmp(name, sftp_lookup[k].name);
        if (cmp < 0)
            j = k;
        else if (cmp > 0)
            i = k;
        else {
            return &sftp_lookup[k];
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

static int sftp_cmd_help(struct sftp_command *cmd)
{
    int i;
    if (cmd->nwords == 1) {
        /*
         * Give short help on each command.
         */
        int maxlen;
        maxlen = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sftp_lookup) / sizeof(*sftp_lookup); i++) {
            int len;
            if (!sftp_lookup[i].listed)
                continue;
            len = strlen(sftp_lookup[i].name);
            if (maxlen < len)
                maxlen = len;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sftp_lookup) / sizeof(*sftp_lookup); i++) {
            const struct sftp_cmd_lookup *lookup;
            if (!sftp_lookup[i].listed)
                continue;
            lookup = &sftp_lookup[i];
            printf("%-*s", maxlen+2, lookup->name);
            if (lookup->longhelp == NULL)
                lookup = lookup_command(lookup->shorthelp);
            printf("%s\n", lookup->shorthelp);
        }
    } else {
        /*
         * Give long help on specific commands.
         */
        for (i = 1; i < cmd->nwords; i++) {
            const struct sftp_cmd_lookup *lookup;
            lookup = lookup_command(cmd->words[i]);
            if (!lookup) {
                printf("help: %s: command not found\n", cmd->words[i]);
            } else {
                printf("%s", lookup->name);
                if (lookup->longhelp == NULL)
                    lookup = lookup_command(lookup->shorthelp);
                printf("%s", lookup->longhelp);
            }
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Command line reading and parsing.
 */
struct sftp_command *sftp_getcmd(FILE *fp, int mode, int modeflags)
{
    char *line;
    struct sftp_command *cmd;
    char *p, *q, *r;
    int quoting;

    cmd = snew(struct sftp_command);
    cmd->words = NULL;
    cmd->nwords = 0;
    cmd->wordssize = 0;

    line = NULL;

    if (fp) {
        if (modeflags & 1)
            printf("psftp> ");
        line = fgetline(fp);
    } else {
        line = ssh_sftp_get_cmdline("psftp> ", back == NULL);
    }

    if (!line || !*line) {
        cmd->obey = sftp_cmd_quit;
        if ((mode == 0) || (modeflags & 1))
            printf("quit\n");
        return cmd;                    /* eof */
    }

    line[strcspn(line, "\r\n")] = '\0';

    if (modeflags & 1) {
        printf("%s\n", line);
    }

    p = line;
    while (*p && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t'))
        p++;

    if (*p == '!') {
        /*
         * Special case: the ! command. This is always parsed as
         * exactly two words: one containing the !, and the second
         * containing everything else on the line.
         */
        cmd->nwords = cmd->wordssize = 2;
        cmd->words = sresize(cmd->words, cmd->wordssize, char *);
        cmd->words[0] = dupstr("!");
        cmd->words[1] = dupstr(p+1);
    } else if (*p == '#') {
        /*
         * Special case: comment. Entire line is ignored.
         */
        cmd->nwords = cmd->wordssize = 0;
    } else {

        /*
         * Parse the command line into words. The syntax is:
         *  - double quotes are removed, but cause spaces within to be
         *    treated as non-separating.
         *  - a double-doublequote pair is a literal double quote, inside
         *    _or_ outside quotes. Like this:
         *
         *      firstword "second word" "this has ""quotes"" in" and""this""
         *
         * becomes
         *
         *      >firstword<
         *      >second word<
         *      >this has "quotes" in<
         *      >and"this"<
         */
        while (*p) {
            /* skip whitespace */
            while (*p && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t'))
                p++;
            /* mark start of word */
            q = r = p;                 /* q sits at start, r writes word */
            quoting = 0;
            while (*p) {
                if (!quoting && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t'))
                    break;                     /* reached end of word */
                else if (*p == '"' && p[1] == '"')
                    p += 2, *r++ = '"';    /* a literal quote */
                else if (*p == '"')
                    p++, quoting = !quoting;
                else
                    *r++ = *p++;
            }
            if (*p)
                p++;                   /* skip over the whitespace */
            *r = '\0';
            if (cmd->nwords >= cmd->wordssize) {
                cmd->wordssize = cmd->nwords + 16;
                cmd->words = sresize(cmd->words, cmd->wordssize, char *);
            }
            cmd->words[cmd->nwords++] = dupstr(q);
        }
    }

    sfree(line);

    /*
     * Now parse the first word and assign a function.
     */

    if (cmd->nwords == 0)
        cmd->obey = sftp_cmd_null;
    else {
        const struct sftp_cmd_lookup *lookup;
        lookup = lookup_command(cmd->words[0]);
        if (!lookup)
            cmd->obey = sftp_cmd_unknown;
        else
            cmd->obey = lookup->obey;
    }

    return cmd;
}

static int do_sftp_init(void)
{
    struct sftp_packet *pktin;
    struct sftp_request *req, *rreq;

    /*
     * Do protocol initialisation. 
     */
    if (!fxp_init()) {
        fprintf(stderr,
                "Fatal: unable to initialise SFTP: %s\n", fxp_error());
        return 1;                      /* failure */
    }

    /*
     * Find out where our home directory is.
     */
    sftp_register(req = fxp_realpath_send("."));
    rreq = sftp_find_request(pktin = sftp_recv());
    assert(rreq == req);
    homedir = fxp_realpath_recv(pktin, rreq);

    if (!homedir) {
        fprintf(stderr,
                "Warning: failed to resolve home directory: %s\n",
                fxp_error());
        homedir = dupstr(".");
    } else {
        printf("Remote working directory is %s\n", homedir);
    }
    pwd = dupstr(homedir);
    return 0;
}

void do_sftp_cleanup()
{
    char ch;
    if (back) {
        back->special(backhandle, TS_EOF);
        sftp_recvdata(&ch, 1);
        back->free(backhandle);
        sftp_cleanup_request();
        back = NULL;
        backhandle = NULL;
    }
    if (pwd) {
        sfree(pwd);
        pwd = NULL;
    }
    if (homedir) {
        sfree(homedir);
        homedir = NULL;
    }
}

void do_sftp(int mode, int modeflags, char *batchfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
    int ret;

    /*
     * Batch mode?
     */
    if (mode == 0) {

        /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
         * Now we're ready to do Real Stuff.
         */
        while (1) {
            struct sftp_command *cmd;
            cmd = sftp_getcmd(NULL, 0, 0);
            if (!cmd)
                break;
            ret = cmd->obey(cmd);
            if (cmd->words) {
                int i;
                for(i = 0; i < cmd->nwords; i++)
                    sfree(cmd->words[i]);
                sfree(cmd->words);
            }
            sfree(cmd);
            if (ret < 0)
                break;
        }
    } else {
        fp = fopen(batchfile, "r");
        if (!fp) {
            printf("Fatal: unable to open %s\n", batchfile);
            return;
        }
        while (1) {
            struct sftp_command *cmd;
            cmd = sftp_getcmd(fp, mode, modeflags);
            if (!cmd)
                break;
            ret = cmd->obey(cmd);
            if (ret < 0)
                break;
            if (ret == 0) {
                if (!(modeflags & 2))
                    break;
            }
        }
        fclose(fp);

    }
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Dirty bits: integration with PuTTY.
 */

static int verbose = 0;

/*
 *  Print an error message and perform a fatal exit.
 */
void fatalbox(char *fmt, ...)
{
    char *str, *str2;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    str = dupvprintf(fmt, ap);
    str2 = dupcat("Fatal: ", str, "\n", NULL);
    sfree(str);
    va_end(ap);
    fputs(str2, stderr);
    sfree(str2);

    cleanup_exit(1);
}
void modalfatalbox(char *fmt, ...)
{
    char *str, *str2;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    str = dupvprintf(fmt, ap);
    str2 = dupcat("Fatal: ", str, "\n", NULL);
    sfree(str);
    va_end(ap);
    fputs(str2, stderr);
    sfree(str2);

    cleanup_exit(1);
}
void connection_fatal(void *frontend, char *fmt, ...)
{
    char *str, *str2;
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    str = dupvprintf(fmt, ap);
    str2 = dupcat("Fatal: ", str, "\n", NULL);
    sfree(str);
    va_end(ap);
    fputs(str2, stderr);
    sfree(str2);

    cleanup_exit(1);
}

void ldisc_send(void *handle, char *buf, int len, int interactive)
{
    /*
     * This is only here because of the calls to ldisc_send(NULL,
     * 0) in ssh.c. Nothing in PSFTP actually needs to use the
     * ldisc as an ldisc. So if we get called with any real data, I
     * want to know about it.
     */
    assert(len == 0);
}

/*
 * In psftp, all agent requests should be synchronous, so this is a
 * never-called stub.
 */
void agent_schedule_callback(void (*callback)(void *, void *, int),
                             void *callback_ctx, void *data, int len)
{
    assert(!"We shouldn't be here");
}

/*
 * Receive a block of data from the SSH link. Block until all data
 * is available.
 *
 * To do this, we repeatedly call the SSH protocol module, with our
 * own trap in from_backend() to catch the data that comes back. We
 * do this until we have enough data.
 */

static unsigned char *outptr;          /* where to put the data */
static unsigned outlen;                /* how much data required */
static unsigned char *pending = NULL;  /* any spare data */
static unsigned pendlen = 0, pendsize = 0;      /* length and phys. size of buffer */
int from_backend(void *frontend, int is_stderr, const char *data, int datalen)
{
    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) data;
    unsigned len = (unsigned) datalen;

    /*
     * stderr data is just spouted to local stderr and otherwise
     * ignored.
     */
    if (is_stderr) {
        if (len > 0)
            if (fwrite(data, 1, len, stderr) < len)
                /* oh well */;
        return 0;
    }

    /*
     * If this is before the real session begins, just return.
     */
    if (!outptr)
        return 0;

    if ((outlen > 0) && (len > 0)) {
        unsigned used = outlen;
        if (used > len)
            used = len;
        memcpy(outptr, p, used);
        outptr += used;
        outlen -= used;
        p += used;
        len -= used;
    }

    if (len > 0) {
        if (pendsize < pendlen + len) {
            pendsize = pendlen + len + 4096;
            pending = sresize(pending, pendsize, unsigned char);
        }
        memcpy(pending + pendlen, p, len);
        pendlen += len;
    }

    return 0;
}
int from_backend_untrusted(void *frontend_handle, const char *data, int len)
{
    /*
     * No "untrusted" output should get here (the way the code is
     * currently, it's all diverted by FLAG_STDERR).
     */
    assert(!"Unexpected call to from_backend_untrusted()");
    return 0; /* not reached */
}
int sftp_recvdata(char *buf, int len)
{
    outptr = (unsigned char *) buf;
    outlen = len;

    /*
     * See if the pending-input block contains some of what we
     * need.
     */
    if (pendlen > 0) {
        unsigned pendused = pendlen;
        if (pendused > outlen)
            pendused = outlen;
        memcpy(outptr, pending, pendused);
        memmove(pending, pending + pendused, pendlen - pendused);
        outptr += pendused;
        outlen -= pendused;
        pendlen -= pendused;
        if (pendlen == 0) {
            pendsize = 0;
            sfree(pending);
            pending = NULL;
        }
        if (outlen == 0)
            return 1;
    }

    while (outlen > 0) {
        if (back->exitcode(backhandle) >= 0 || ssh_sftp_loop_iteration() < 0)
            return 0;                  /* doom */
    }

    return 1;
}
int sftp_senddata(char *buf, int len)
{
    back->send(backhandle, buf, len);
    return 1;
}

/*
 *  Short description of parameters.
 */
static void usage(void)
{
    printf("PuTTY Secure File Transfer (SFTP) client\n");
    printf("%s\n", ver);
    printf("Usage: psftp [options] [user@]host\n");
    printf("Options:\n");
    printf("  -V        print version information and exit\n");
    printf("  -pgpfp    print PGP key fingerprints and exit\n");
    printf("  -b file   use specified batchfile\n");
    printf("  -bc       output batchfile commands\n");
    printf("  -be       don't stop batchfile processing if errors\n");
    printf("  -v        show verbose messages\n");
    printf("  -load sessname  Load settings from saved session\n");
    printf("  -l user   connect with specified username\n");
    printf("  -P port   connect to specified port\n");
    printf("  -pw passw login with specified password\n");
    printf("  -1 -2     force use of particular SSH protocol version\n");
    printf("  -4 -6     force use of IPv4 or IPv6\n");
    printf("  -C        enable compression\n");
    printf("  -i key    private key file for authentication\n");
    printf("  -noagent  disable use of Pageant\n");
    printf("  -agent    enable use of Pageant\n");
    printf("  -batch    disable all interactive prompts\n");
    cleanup_exit(1);
}

static void version(void)
{
  printf("psftp: %s\n", ver);
  cleanup_exit(1);
}

/*
 * Connect to a host.
 */
static int psftp_connect(char *userhost, char *user, int portnumber)
{
    char *host, *realhost;
    const char *err;
    void *logctx;

    /* Separate host and username */
    host = userhost;
    host = strrchr(host, '@');
    if (host == NULL) {
        host = userhost;
    } else {
        *host++ = '\0';
        if (user) {
            printf("psftp: multiple usernames specified; using \"%s\"\n",
                   user);
        } else
            user = userhost;
    }

    /*
     * If we haven't loaded session details already (e.g., from -load),
     * try looking for a session called "host".
     */
    if (!loaded_session) {
        /* Try to load settings for `host' into a temporary config */
        Config cfg2;
        cfg2.host[0] = '\0';
        do_defaults(host, &cfg2);
        if (cfg2.host[0] != '\0') {
            /* Settings present and include hostname */
            /* Re-load data into the real config. */
            do_defaults(host, &cfg);
        } else {
            /* Session doesn't exist or mention a hostname. */
            /* Use `host' as a bare hostname. */
            strncpy(cfg.host, host, sizeof(cfg.host) - 1);
            cfg.host[sizeof(cfg.host) - 1] = '\0';
        }
    } else {
        /* Patch in hostname `host' to session details. */
        strncpy(cfg.host, host, sizeof(cfg.host) - 1);
        cfg.host[sizeof(cfg.host) - 1] = '\0';
    }

    /*
     * Force use of SSH. (If they got the protocol wrong we assume the
     * port is useless too.)
     */
    if (cfg.protocol != PROT_SSH) {
        cfg.protocol = PROT_SSH;
        cfg.port = 22;
    }

    /*
     * If saved session / Default Settings says SSH-1 (`1 only' or `1'),
     * then change it to SSH-2, on the grounds that that's more likely to
     * work for SFTP. (Can be overridden with `-1' option.)
     * But if it says `2 only' or `2', respect which.
     */
    if (cfg.sshprot != 2 && cfg.sshprot != 3)
        cfg.sshprot = 2;

    /*
     * Enact command-line overrides.
     */
    cmdline_run_saved(&cfg);

    /*
     * Trim leading whitespace off the hostname if it's there.
     */
    {
        int space = strspn(cfg.host, " \t");
        memmove(cfg.host, cfg.host+space, 1+strlen(cfg.host)-space);
    }

    /* See if host is of the form user@host */
    if (cfg.host[0] != '\0') {
        char *atsign = strrchr(cfg.host, '@');
        /* Make sure we're not overflowing the user field */
        if (atsign) {
            if (atsign - cfg.host < sizeof cfg.username) {
                strncpy(cfg.username, cfg.host, atsign - cfg.host);
                cfg.username[atsign - cfg.host] = '\0';
            }
            memmove(cfg.host, atsign + 1, 1 + strlen(atsign + 1));
        }
    }

    /*
     * Trim a colon suffix off the hostname if it's there.
     */
    cfg.host[strcspn(cfg.host, ":")] = '\0';

    /*
     * Remove any remaining whitespace from the hostname.
     */
    {
        int p1 = 0, p2 = 0;
        while (cfg.host[p2] != '\0') {
            if (cfg.host[p2] != ' ' && cfg.host[p2] != '\t') {
                cfg.host[p1] = cfg.host[p2];
                p1++;
            }
            p2++;
        }
        cfg.host[p1] = '\0';
    }

    /* Set username */
    if (user != NULL && user[0] != '\0') {
        strncpy(cfg.username, user, sizeof(cfg.username) - 1);
        cfg.username[sizeof(cfg.username) - 1] = '\0';
    }

    if (portnumber)
        cfg.port = portnumber;

    /*
     * Disable scary things which shouldn't be enabled for simple
     * things like SCP and SFTP: agent forwarding, port forwarding,
     * X forwarding.
     */
    cfg.x11_forward = 0;
    cfg.agentfwd = 0;
    cfg.portfwd[0] = cfg.portfwd[1] = '\0';
    cfg.ssh_simple = TRUE;

    /* Set up subsystem name. */
    strcpy(cfg.remote_cmd, "sftp");
    cfg.ssh_subsys = TRUE;
    cfg.nopty = TRUE;

    /*
     * Set up fallback option, for SSH-1 servers or servers with the
     * sftp subsystem not enabled but the server binary installed
     * in the usual place. We only support fallback on Unix
     * systems, and we use a kludgy piece of shellery which should
     * try to find sftp-server in various places (the obvious
     * systemwide spots /usr/lib and /usr/local/lib, and then the
     * user's PATH) and finally give up.
     * 
     *   test -x /usr/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/lib/sftp-server
     *   test -x /usr/local/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/local/lib/sftp-server
     *   exec sftp-server
     * 
     * the idea being that this will attempt to use either of the
     * obvious pathnames and then give up, and when it does give up
     * it will print the preferred pathname in the error messages.
     */
    cfg.remote_cmd_ptr2 =
        "test -x /usr/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/lib/sftp-server\n"
        "test -x /usr/local/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/local/lib/sftp-server\n"
        "exec sftp-server";
    cfg.ssh_subsys2 = FALSE;

    back = &ssh_backend;

    err = back->init(NULL, &backhandle, &cfg, cfg.host, cfg.port, &realhost,
                     0, cfg.tcp_keepalives);
    if (err != NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ssh_init: %s\n", err);
        return 1;
    }
    logctx = log_init(NULL, &cfg);
    back->provide_logctx(backhandle, logctx);
    console_provide_logctx(logctx);
    while (!back->sendok(backhandle)) {
        if (back->exitcode(backhandle) >= 0)
            return 1;
        if (ssh_sftp_loop_iteration() < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "ssh_init: error during SSH connection setup\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    if (verbose && realhost != NULL)
        printf("Connected to %s\n", realhost);
    if (realhost != NULL)
        sfree(realhost);
    return 0;
}

void cmdline_error(char *p, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    fprintf(stderr, "psftp: ");
    va_start(ap, p);
    vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n       try typing \"psftp -h\" for help\n");
    exit(1);
}

/*
 * Main program. Parse arguments etc.
 */
int psftp_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    int portnumber = 0;
    char *userhost, *user;
    int mode = 0;
    int modeflags = 0;
    char *batchfile = NULL;

    flags = FLAG_STDERR | FLAG_INTERACTIVE
#ifdef FLAG_SYNCAGENT
        | FLAG_SYNCAGENT
#endif
        ;
    cmdline_tooltype = TOOLTYPE_FILETRANSFER;
    sk_init();

    userhost = user = NULL;

    /* Load Default Settings before doing anything else. */
    do_defaults(NULL, &cfg);
    loaded_session = FALSE;

    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        int ret;
        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            if (userhost)
                usage();
            else
                userhost = dupstr(argv[i]);
            continue;
        }
        ret = cmdline_process_param(argv[i], i+1<argc?argv[i+1]:NULL, 1, &cfg);
        if (ret == -2) {
            cmdline_error("option \"%s\" requires an argument", argv[i]);
        } else if (ret == 2) {
            i++;               /* skip next argument */
        } else if (ret == 1) {
            /* We have our own verbosity in addition to `flags'. */
            if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)
                verbose = 1;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0 ||
                   strcmp(argv[i], "-?") == 0) {
            usage();
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-pgpfp") == 0) {
            pgp_fingerprints();
            return 1;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-V") == 0) {
            version();
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-batch") == 0) {
            console_batch_mode = 1;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-b") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
            mode = 1;
            batchfile = argv[++i];
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-bc") == 0) {
            modeflags = modeflags | 1;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-be") == 0) {
            modeflags = modeflags | 2;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--") == 0) {
            i++;
            break;
        } else {
            cmdline_error("unknown option \"%s\"", argv[i]);
        }
    }
    argc -= i;
    argv += i;
    back = NULL;

    /*
     * If the loaded session provides a hostname, and a hostname has not
     * otherwise been specified, pop it in `userhost' so that
     * `psftp -load sessname' is sufficient to start a session.
     */
    if (!userhost && cfg.host[0] != '\0') {
        userhost = dupstr(cfg.host);
    }

    /*
     * If a user@host string has already been provided, connect to
     * it now.
     */
    if (userhost) {
        int ret;
        ret = psftp_connect(userhost, user, portnumber);
        sfree(userhost);
        if (ret)
            return 1;
        if (do_sftp_init())
            return 1;
    } else {
        printf("psftp: no hostname specified; use \"open host.name\""
               " to connect\n");
    }

    do_sftp(mode, modeflags, batchfile);

    if (back != NULL && back->connected(backhandle)) {
        char ch;
        back->special(backhandle, TS_EOF);
        sftp_recvdata(&ch, 1);
    }
    do_sftp_cleanup();
    random_save_seed();
    cmdline_cleanup();
    console_provide_logctx(NULL);
    sk_cleanup();

    return 0;
}