]> git.ipfire.org Git - people/ms/u-boot.git/blobdiff - drivers/mmc/mmc.c
mmc: Drop unnecessary case for mmc_probe()
[people/ms/u-boot.git] / drivers / mmc / mmc.c
index 4380c7c195a628e343f1f0b4719be6b6bbf3fdb3..31f65f6e242f6eb57d2ffddbd3146e42e014d6e0 100644 (file)
 #include <div64.h>
 #include "mmc_private.h"
 
-static const unsigned int sd_au_size[] = {
-       0,              SZ_16K / 512,           SZ_32K / 512,
-       SZ_64K / 512,   SZ_128K / 512,          SZ_256K / 512,
-       SZ_512K / 512,  SZ_1M / 512,            SZ_2M / 512,
-       SZ_4M / 512,    SZ_8M / 512,            (SZ_8M + SZ_4M) / 512,
-       SZ_16M / 512,   (SZ_16M + SZ_8M) / 512, SZ_32M / 512,   SZ_64M / 512,
-};
+static int mmc_set_signal_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, uint signal_voltage);
+static int mmc_power_cycle(struct mmc *mmc);
+static int mmc_select_mode_and_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint card_caps);
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY)
+static struct mmc mmc_static;
+struct mmc *find_mmc_device(int dev_num)
+{
+       return &mmc_static;
+}
+
+void mmc_do_preinit(void)
+{
+       struct mmc *m = &mmc_static;
+#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_ESDHC_ADAPTER_IDENT
+       mmc_set_preinit(m, 1);
+#endif
+       if (m->preinit)
+               mmc_start_init(m);
+}
+
+struct blk_desc *mmc_get_blk_desc(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       return &mmc->block_dev;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+static int mmc_wait_dat0(struct mmc *mmc, int state, int timeout)
+{
+       return -ENOSYS;
+}
+#endif
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
 __weak int board_mmc_getwp(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        return -1;
@@ -126,7 +153,67 @@ void mmc_trace_state(struct mmc *mmc, struct mmc_cmd *cmd)
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_VERBOSE) || defined(DEBUG)
+const char *mmc_mode_name(enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       static const char *const names[] = {
+             [MMC_LEGACY]      = "MMC legacy",
+             [SD_LEGACY]       = "SD Legacy",
+             [MMC_HS]          = "MMC High Speed (26MHz)",
+             [SD_HS]           = "SD High Speed (50MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR12]       = "UHS SDR12 (25MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR25]       = "UHS SDR25 (50MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR50]       = "UHS SDR50 (100MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR104]      = "UHS SDR104 (208MHz)",
+             [UHS_DDR50]       = "UHS DDR50 (50MHz)",
+             [MMC_HS_52]       = "MMC High Speed (52MHz)",
+             [MMC_DDR_52]      = "MMC DDR52 (52MHz)",
+             [MMC_HS_200]      = "HS200 (200MHz)",
+       };
+
+       if (mode >= MMC_MODES_END)
+               return "Unknown mode";
+       else
+               return names[mode];
+}
+#endif
+
+static uint mmc_mode2freq(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       static const int freqs[] = {
+             [MMC_LEGACY]      = 25000000,
+             [SD_LEGACY]       = 25000000,
+             [MMC_HS]          = 26000000,
+             [SD_HS]           = 50000000,
+             [MMC_HS_52]       = 52000000,
+             [MMC_DDR_52]      = 52000000,
+             [UHS_SDR12]       = 25000000,
+             [UHS_SDR25]       = 50000000,
+             [UHS_SDR50]       = 100000000,
+             [UHS_DDR50]       = 50000000,
+             [UHS_SDR104]      = 208000000,
+             [MMC_HS_200]      = 200000000,
+       };
+
+       if (mode == MMC_LEGACY)
+               return mmc->legacy_speed;
+       else if (mode >= MMC_MODES_END)
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return freqs[mode];
+}
+
+static int mmc_select_mode(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       mmc->selected_mode = mode;
+       mmc->tran_speed = mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mode);
+       mmc->ddr_mode = mmc_is_mode_ddr(mode);
+       pr_debug("selecting mode %s (freq : %d MHz)\n", mmc_mode_name(mode),
+                mmc->tran_speed / 1000000);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 int mmc_send_cmd(struct mmc *mmc, struct mmc_cmd *cmd, struct mmc_data *data)
 {
        int ret;
@@ -156,10 +243,11 @@ int mmc_send_status(struct mmc *mmc, int timeout)
                            (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_CURR_STATE) !=
                             MMC_STATE_PRG)
                                break;
-                       else if (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_MASK) {
+
+                       if (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_MASK) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-                               printf("Status Error: 0x%08X\n",
-                                       cmd.response[0]);
+                               pr_err("Status Error: 0x%08X\n",
+                                      cmd.response[0]);
 #endif
                                return -ECOMM;
                        }
@@ -175,7 +263,7 @@ int mmc_send_status(struct mmc *mmc, int timeout)
        mmc_trace_state(mmc, &cmd);
        if (timeout <= 0) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-               printf("Timeout waiting card ready\n");
+               pr_err("Timeout waiting card ready\n");
 #endif
                return -ETIMEDOUT;
        }
@@ -186,6 +274,7 @@ int mmc_send_status(struct mmc *mmc, int timeout)
 int mmc_set_blocklen(struct mmc *mmc, int len)
 {
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+       int err;
 
        if (mmc->ddr_mode)
                return 0;
@@ -194,8 +283,95 @@ int mmc_set_blocklen(struct mmc *mmc, int len)
        cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
        cmd.cmdarg = len;
 
-       return mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_QUIRKS
+       if (err && (mmc->quirks & MMC_QUIRK_RETRY_SET_BLOCKLEN)) {
+               int retries = 4;
+               /*
+                * It has been seen that SET_BLOCKLEN may fail on the first
+                * attempt, let's try a few more time
+                */
+               do {
+                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+                       if (!err)
+                               break;
+               } while (retries--);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+static const u8 tuning_blk_pattern_4bit[] = {
+       0xff, 0x0f, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0xcc, 0xc3, 0xcc,
+       0xc3, 0x3c, 0xcc, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xef,
+       0xff, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xfb,
+       0xbf, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x77, 0xf7, 0xbd, 0xef,
+       0xff, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0xfc, 0xcc, 0x3c,
+       0xcc, 0x33, 0xcc, 0xcf, 0xff, 0xef, 0xff, 0xee,
+       0xff, 0xfd, 0xff, 0xfd, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xff,
+       0xbb, 0xff, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x7f, 0x7b, 0xde,
+};
+
+static const u8 tuning_blk_pattern_8bit[] = {
+       0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x33, 0xcc, 0xcc,
+       0xcc, 0x33, 0x33, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xff, 0xff,
+       0xff, 0xee, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xee, 0xff,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdd, 0xdd,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb,
+       0xbb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x77, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+       0x77, 0x77, 0xff, 0x77, 0xbb, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
+       0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x33, 0xcc,
+       0xcc, 0xcc, 0x33, 0x33, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xff,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xee, 0xee,
+       0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdd,
+       0xdd, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xbb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+       0xbb, 0xbb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x77, 0xff, 0xff,
+       0xff, 0x77, 0x77, 0xff, 0x77, 0xbb, 0xdd, 0xee,
+};
+
+int mmc_send_tuning(struct mmc *mmc, u32 opcode, int *cmd_error)
+{
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+       struct mmc_data data;
+       const u8 *tuning_block_pattern;
+       int size, err;
+
+       if (mmc->bus_width == 8) {
+               tuning_block_pattern = tuning_blk_pattern_8bit;
+               size = sizeof(tuning_blk_pattern_8bit);
+       } else if (mmc->bus_width == 4) {
+               tuning_block_pattern = tuning_blk_pattern_4bit;
+               size = sizeof(tuning_blk_pattern_4bit);
+       } else {
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, data_buf, size);
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = opcode;
+       cmd.cmdarg = 0;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+
+       data.dest = (void *)data_buf;
+       data.blocks = 1;
+       data.blocksize = size;
+       data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, &data);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       if (memcmp(data_buf, tuning_block_pattern, size))
+               return -EIO;
+
+       return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 static int mmc_read_blocks(struct mmc *mmc, void *dst, lbaint_t start,
                           lbaint_t blkcnt)
@@ -229,7 +405,7 @@ static int mmc_read_blocks(struct mmc *mmc, void *dst, lbaint_t start,
                cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1b;
                if (mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL)) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-                       printf("mmc fail to send stop cmd\n");
+                       pr_err("mmc fail to send stop cmd\n");
 #endif
                        return 0;
                }
@@ -238,14 +414,14 @@ static int mmc_read_blocks(struct mmc *mmc, void *dst, lbaint_t start,
        return blkcnt;
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
 ulong mmc_bread(struct udevice *dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt, void *dst)
 #else
 ulong mmc_bread(struct blk_desc *block_dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt,
                void *dst)
 #endif
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
        struct blk_desc *block_dev = dev_get_uclass_platdata(dev);
 #endif
        int dev_num = block_dev->devnum;
@@ -259,20 +435,24 @@ ulong mmc_bread(struct blk_desc *block_dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt,
        if (!mmc)
                return 0;
 
-       err = blk_dselect_hwpart(block_dev, block_dev->hwpart);
+       if (CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY))
+               err = mmc_switch_part(mmc, block_dev->hwpart);
+       else
+               err = blk_dselect_hwpart(block_dev, block_dev->hwpart);
+
        if (err < 0)
                return 0;
 
        if ((start + blkcnt) > block_dev->lba) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-               printf("MMC: block number 0x" LBAF " exceeds max(0x" LBAF ")\n",
-                       start + blkcnt, block_dev->lba);
+               pr_err("MMC: block number 0x" LBAF " exceeds max(0x" LBAF ")\n",
+                      start + blkcnt, block_dev->lba);
 #endif
                return 0;
        }
 
        if (mmc_set_blocklen(mmc, mmc->read_bl_len)) {
-               debug("%s: Failed to set blocklen\n", __func__);
+               pr_debug("%s: Failed to set blocklen\n", __func__);
                return 0;
        }
 
@@ -280,7 +460,7 @@ ulong mmc_bread(struct blk_desc *block_dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt,
                cur = (blocks_todo > mmc->cfg->b_max) ?
                        mmc->cfg->b_max : blocks_todo;
                if (mmc_read_blocks(mmc, dst, start, cur) != cur) {
-                       debug("%s: Failed to read blocks\n", __func__);
+                       pr_debug("%s: Failed to read blocks\n", __func__);
                        return 0;
                }
                blocks_todo -= cur;
@@ -312,7 +492,69 @@ static int mmc_go_idle(struct mmc *mmc)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int sd_send_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+static int mmc_switch_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, int signal_voltage)
+{
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+       int err = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Send CMD11 only if the request is to switch the card to
+        * 1.8V signalling.
+        */
+       if (signal_voltage == MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330)
+               return mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, signal_voltage);
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_SWITCH_UHS18V;
+       cmd.cmdarg = 0;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       if (!mmc_host_is_spi(mmc) && (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_ERROR))
+               return -EIO;
+
+       /*
+        * The card should drive cmd and dat[0:3] low immediately
+        * after the response of cmd11, but wait 100 us to be sure
+        */
+       err = mmc_wait_dat0(mmc, 0, 100);
+       if (err == -ENOSYS)
+               udelay(100);
+       else if (err)
+               return -ETIMEDOUT;
+
+       /*
+        * During a signal voltage level switch, the clock must be gated
+        * for 5 ms according to the SD spec
+        */
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->clock, true);
+
+       err = mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, signal_voltage);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       /* Keep clock gated for at least 10 ms, though spec only says 5 ms */
+       mdelay(10);
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->clock, false);
+
+       /*
+        * Failure to switch is indicated by the card holding
+        * dat[0:3] low. Wait for at least 1 ms according to spec
+        */
+       err = mmc_wait_dat0(mmc, 1, 1000);
+       if (err == -ENOSYS)
+               udelay(1000);
+       else if (err)
+               return -ETIMEDOUT;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int sd_send_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc, bool uhs_en)
 {
        int timeout = 1000;
        int err;
@@ -344,6 +586,9 @@ static int sd_send_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
                if (mmc->version == SD_VERSION_2)
                        cmd.cmdarg |= OCR_HCS;
 
+               if (uhs_en)
+                       cmd.cmdarg |= OCR_S18R;
+
                err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
 
                if (err)
@@ -374,6 +619,15 @@ static int sd_send_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        mmc->ocr = cmd.response[0];
 
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       if (uhs_en && !(mmc_host_is_spi(mmc)) && (cmd.response[0] & 0x41000000)
+           == 0x41000000) {
+               err = mmc_switch_voltage(mmc, MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180);
+               if (err)
+                       return err;
+       }
+#endif
+
        mmc->high_capacity = ((mmc->ocr & OCR_HCS) == OCR_HCS);
        mmc->rca = 0;
 
@@ -494,6 +748,7 @@ int mmc_switch(struct mmc *mmc, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value)
 {
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
        int timeout = 1000;
+       int retries = 3;
        int ret;
 
        cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_SWITCH;
@@ -502,63 +757,102 @@ int mmc_switch(struct mmc *mmc, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value)
                                 (index << 16) |
                                 (value << 8);
 
-       ret = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       while (retries > 0) {
+               ret = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+
+               /* Waiting for the ready status */
+               if (!ret) {
+                       ret = mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
+                       return ret;
+               }
 
-       /* Waiting for the ready status */
-       if (!ret)
-               ret = mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
+               retries--;
+       }
 
        return ret;
 
 }
 
-static int mmc_change_freq(struct mmc *mmc)
+static int mmc_set_card_speed(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
 {
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       char cardtype;
        int err;
+       int speed_bits;
 
-       mmc->card_caps = 0;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
 
-       if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
-               return 0;
+       switch (mode) {
+       case MMC_HS:
+       case MMC_HS_52:
+       case MMC_DDR_52:
+               speed_bits = EXT_CSD_TIMING_HS;
+               break;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HS200_SUPPORT)
+       case MMC_HS_200:
+               speed_bits = EXT_CSD_TIMING_HS200;
+               break;
+#endif
+       case MMC_LEGACY:
+               speed_bits = EXT_CSD_TIMING_LEGACY;
+               break;
+       default:
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING,
+                        speed_bits);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
-       /* Only version 4 supports high-speed */
-       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
-               return 0;
+       if ((mode == MMC_HS) || (mode == MMC_HS_52)) {
+               /* Now check to see that it worked */
+               err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
+               if (err)
+                       return err;
 
-       mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_8BIT;
+               /* No high-speed support */
+               if (!test_csd[EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING])
+                       return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
 
-       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+static int mmc_get_capabilities(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       u8 *ext_csd = mmc->ext_csd;
+       char cardtype;
 
-       cardtype = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE] & 0xf;
+       mmc->card_caps = MMC_MODE_1BIT | MMC_CAP(MMC_LEGACY);
 
-       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING, 1);
+       if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
+               return 0;
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       /* Only version 4 supports high-speed */
+       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
+               return 0;
 
-       /* Now check to see that it worked */
-       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (!ext_csd) {
+               pr_err("No ext_csd found!\n"); /* this should enver happen */
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_8BIT;
 
-       /* No high-speed support */
-       if (!ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING])
-               return 0;
+       cardtype = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE] & 0x3f;
+       mmc->cardtype = cardtype;
 
-       /* High Speed is set, there are two types: 52MHz and 26MHz */
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HS200_SUPPORT)
+       if (cardtype & (EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_2V |
+                       EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_8V)) {
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS200;
+       }
+#endif
        if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_52) {
-               if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_1_8V)
+               if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_52)
                        mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz;
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz | MMC_MODE_HS;
-       } else {
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz;
        }
+       if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_26)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -591,10 +885,46 @@ static int mmc_set_capacity(struct mmc *mmc, int part_num)
        return 0;
 }
 
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HS200_SUPPORT)
+static int mmc_boot_part_access_chk(struct mmc *mmc, unsigned int part_num)
+{
+       int forbidden = 0;
+       bool change = false;
+
+       if (part_num & PART_ACCESS_MASK)
+               forbidden = MMC_CAP(MMC_HS_200);
+
+       if (MMC_CAP(mmc->selected_mode) & forbidden) {
+               pr_debug("selected mode (%s) is forbidden for part %d\n",
+                        mmc_mode_name(mmc->selected_mode), part_num);
+               change = true;
+       } else if (mmc->selected_mode != mmc->best_mode) {
+               pr_debug("selected mode is not optimal\n");
+               change = true;
+       }
+
+       if (change)
+               return mmc_select_mode_and_width(mmc,
+                                                mmc->card_caps & ~forbidden);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+#else
+static inline int mmc_boot_part_access_chk(struct mmc *mmc,
+                                          unsigned int part_num)
+{
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 int mmc_switch_part(struct mmc *mmc, unsigned int part_num)
 {
        int ret;
 
+       ret = mmc_boot_part_access_chk(mmc, part_num);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
        ret = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_PART_CONF,
                         (mmc->part_config & ~PART_ACCESS_MASK)
                         | (part_num & PART_ACCESS_MASK));
@@ -611,6 +941,7 @@ int mmc_switch_part(struct mmc *mmc, unsigned int part_num)
        return ret;
 }
 
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HW_PARTITIONING)
 int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
                      const struct mmc_hwpart_conf *conf,
                      enum mmc_hwpart_conf_mode mode)
@@ -629,17 +960,17 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
                return -EINVAL;
 
        if (IS_SD(mmc) || (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4_41)) {
-               printf("eMMC >= 4.4 required for enhanced user data area\n");
+               pr_err("eMMC >= 4.4 required for enhanced user data area\n");
                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
        }
 
        if (!(mmc->part_support & PART_SUPPORT)) {
-               printf("Card does not support partitioning\n");
+               pr_err("Card does not support partitioning\n");
                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
        }
 
        if (!mmc->hc_wp_grp_size) {
-               printf("Card does not define HC WP group size\n");
+               pr_err("Card does not define HC WP group size\n");
                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
        }
 
@@ -647,7 +978,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
        if (conf->user.enh_size) {
                if (conf->user.enh_size % mmc->hc_wp_grp_size ||
                    conf->user.enh_start % mmc->hc_wp_grp_size) {
-                       printf("User data enhanced area not HC WP group "
+                       pr_err("User data enhanced area not HC WP group "
                               "size aligned\n");
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
@@ -666,7 +997,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
 
        for (pidx = 0; pidx < 4; pidx++) {
                if (conf->gp_part[pidx].size % mmc->hc_wp_grp_size) {
-                       printf("GP%i partition not HC WP group size "
+                       pr_err("GP%i partition not HC WP group size "
                               "aligned\n", pidx+1);
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
@@ -678,7 +1009,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
        }
 
        if (part_attrs && ! (mmc->part_support & ENHNCD_SUPPORT)) {
-               printf("Card does not support enhanced attribute\n");
+               pr_err("Card does not support enhanced attribute\n");
                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
        }
 
@@ -691,7 +1022,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
                (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_MAX_ENH_SIZE_MULT+1] << 8) +
                ext_csd[EXT_CSD_MAX_ENH_SIZE_MULT];
        if (tot_enh_size_mult > max_enh_size_mult) {
-               printf("Total enhanced size exceeds maximum (%u > %u)\n",
+               pr_err("Total enhanced size exceeds maximum (%u > %u)\n",
                       tot_enh_size_mult, max_enh_size_mult);
                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
        }
@@ -725,7 +1056,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
 
        if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING] &
            EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED) {
-               printf("Card already partitioned\n");
+               pr_err("Card already partitioned\n");
                return -EPERM;
        }
 
@@ -804,8 +1135,9 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
 
        return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 int mmc_getcd(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int cd;
@@ -844,16 +1176,19 @@ static int sd_switch(struct mmc *mmc, int mode, int group, u8 value, u8 *resp)
 }
 
 
-static int sd_change_freq(struct mmc *mmc)
+static int sd_get_capabilities(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int err;
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, scr, 2);
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, switch_status, 16);
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(__be32, scr, 2);
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(__be32, switch_status, 16);
        struct mmc_data data;
        int timeout;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       u32 sd3_bus_mode;
+#endif
 
-       mmc->card_caps = 0;
+       mmc->card_caps = MMC_MODE_1BIT | MMC_CAP(SD_LEGACY);
 
        if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
                return 0;
@@ -930,32 +1265,115 @@ retry_scr:
        }
 
        /* If high-speed isn't supported, we return */
-       if (!(__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[3]) & SD_HIGHSPEED_SUPPORTED))
-               return 0;
+       if (__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[3]) & SD_HIGHSPEED_SUPPORTED)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(SD_HS);
 
-       /*
-        * If the host doesn't support SD_HIGHSPEED, do not switch card to
-        * HIGHSPEED mode even if the card support SD_HIGHSPPED.
-        * This can avoid furthur problem when the card runs in different
-        * mode between the host.
-        */
-       if (!((mmc->cfg->host_caps & MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz) &&
-               (mmc->cfg->host_caps & MMC_MODE_HS)))
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       /* Version before 3.0 don't support UHS modes */
+       if (mmc->version < SD_VERSION_3)
                return 0;
 
-       err = sd_switch(mmc, SD_SWITCH_SWITCH, 0, 1, (u8 *)switch_status);
+       sd3_bus_mode = __be32_to_cpu(switch_status[3]) >> 16 & 0x1f;
+       if (sd3_bus_mode & SD_MODE_UHS_SDR104)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(UHS_SDR104);
+       if (sd3_bus_mode & SD_MODE_UHS_SDR50)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(UHS_SDR50);
+       if (sd3_bus_mode & SD_MODE_UHS_SDR25)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(UHS_SDR25);
+       if (sd3_bus_mode & SD_MODE_UHS_SDR12)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(UHS_SDR12);
+       if (sd3_bus_mode & SD_MODE_UHS_DDR50)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(UHS_DDR50);
+#endif
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int sd_set_card_speed(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       int err;
+
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, switch_status, 16);
+       int speed;
+
+       switch (mode) {
+       case SD_LEGACY:
+               speed = UHS_SDR12_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+       case SD_HS:
+               speed = HIGH_SPEED_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       case UHS_SDR12:
+               speed = UHS_SDR12_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+       case UHS_SDR25:
+               speed = UHS_SDR25_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+       case UHS_SDR50:
+               speed = UHS_SDR50_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+       case UHS_DDR50:
+               speed = UHS_DDR50_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+       case UHS_SDR104:
+               speed = UHS_SDR104_BUS_SPEED;
+               break;
+#endif
+       default:
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
+       err = sd_switch(mmc, SD_SWITCH_SWITCH, 0, speed, (u8 *)switch_status);
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-       if ((__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[4]) & 0x0f000000) == 0x01000000)
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
+       if (((__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[4]) >> 24) & 0xF) != speed)
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_select_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, int w)
+{
+       int err;
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+
+       if ((w != 4) && (w != 1))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_APP_CMD;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       cmd.cmdarg = mmc->rca << 16;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       if (w == 4)
+               cmd.cmdarg = 2;
+       else if (w == 1)
+               cmd.cmdarg = 0;
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
        return 0;
 }
 
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
 static int sd_read_ssr(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
+       static const unsigned int sd_au_size[] = {
+               0,              SZ_16K / 512,           SZ_32K / 512,
+               SZ_64K / 512,   SZ_128K / 512,          SZ_256K / 512,
+               SZ_512K / 512,  SZ_1M / 512,            SZ_2M / 512,
+               SZ_4M / 512,    SZ_8M / 512,            (SZ_8M + SZ_4M) / 512,
+               SZ_16M / 512,   (SZ_16M + SZ_8M) / 512, SZ_32M / 512,
+               SZ_64M / 512,
+       };
        int err, i;
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
        ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, ssr, 16);
@@ -1004,12 +1422,12 @@ retry_ssr:
                        mmc->ssr.erase_offset = eo * 1000;
                }
        } else {
-               debug("Invalid Allocation Unit Size.\n");
+               pr_debug("Invalid Allocation Unit Size.\n");
        }
 
        return 0;
 }
-
+#endif
 /* frequency bases */
 /* divided by 10 to be nice to platforms without floating point */
 static const int fbase[] = {
@@ -1041,45 +1459,666 @@ static const u8 multipliers[] = {
        80,
 };
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
-static void mmc_set_ios(struct mmc *mmc)
+static inline int bus_width(uint cap)
+{
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_8BIT)
+               return 8;
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_4BIT)
+               return 4;
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_1BIT)
+               return 1;
+       pr_warn("invalid bus witdh capability 0x%x\n", cap);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+static int mmc_execute_tuning(struct mmc *mmc, uint opcode)
+{
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void mmc_send_init_stream(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+}
+
+static int mmc_set_ios(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
+       int ret = 0;
+
        if (mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios)
-               mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios(mmc);
+               ret = mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios(mmc);
+
+       return ret;
 }
 #endif
 
-void mmc_set_clock(struct mmc *mmc, uint clock)
+int mmc_set_clock(struct mmc *mmc, uint clock, bool disable)
 {
-       if (clock > mmc->cfg->f_max)
-               clock = mmc->cfg->f_max;
+       if (!disable) {
+               if (clock > mmc->cfg->f_max)
+                       clock = mmc->cfg->f_max;
 
-       if (clock < mmc->cfg->f_min)
-               clock = mmc->cfg->f_min;
+               if (clock < mmc->cfg->f_min)
+                       clock = mmc->cfg->f_min;
+       }
 
        mmc->clock = clock;
+       mmc->clk_disable = disable;
 
-       mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+       return mmc_set_ios(mmc);
 }
 
-static void mmc_set_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint width)
+static int mmc_set_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint width)
 {
        mmc->bus_width = width;
 
-       mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+       return mmc_set_ios(mmc);
 }
 
-static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_VERBOSE) || defined(DEBUG)
+/*
+ * helper function to display the capabilities in a human
+ * friendly manner. The capabilities include bus width and
+ * supported modes.
+ */
+void mmc_dump_capabilities(const char *text, uint caps)
 {
-       int err, i;
-       uint mult, freq;
-       u64 cmult, csize, capacity;
-       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       int timeout = 1000;
-       bool has_parts = false;
+       enum bus_mode mode;
+
+       pr_debug("%s: widths [", text);
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_8BIT)
+               pr_debug("8, ");
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_4BIT)
+               pr_debug("4, ");
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_1BIT)
+               pr_debug("1, ");
+       pr_debug("\b\b] modes [");
+       for (mode = MMC_LEGACY; mode < MMC_MODES_END; mode++)
+               if (MMC_CAP(mode) & caps)
+                       pr_debug("%s, ", mmc_mode_name(mode));
+       pr_debug("\b\b]\n");
+}
+#endif
+
+struct mode_width_tuning {
+       enum bus_mode mode;
+       uint widths;
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+       uint tuning;
+#endif
+};
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_IO_VOLTAGE)
+int mmc_voltage_to_mv(enum mmc_voltage voltage)
+{
+       switch (voltage) {
+       case MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_000: return 0;
+       case MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330: return 3300;
+       case MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180: return 1800;
+       case MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_120: return 1200;
+       }
+       return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int mmc_set_signal_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, uint signal_voltage)
+{
+       int err;
+
+       if (mmc->signal_voltage == signal_voltage)
+               return 0;
+
+       mmc->signal_voltage = signal_voltage;
+       err = mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               pr_debug("unable to set voltage (err %d)\n", err);
+
+       return err;
+}
+#else
+static inline int mmc_set_signal_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, uint signal_voltage)
+{
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static const struct mode_width_tuning sd_modes_by_pref[] = {
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+       {
+               .mode = UHS_SDR104,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+               .tuning = MMC_CMD_SEND_TUNING_BLOCK
+       },
+#endif
+       {
+               .mode = UHS_SDR50,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = UHS_DDR50,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = UHS_SDR25,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+#endif
+       {
+               .mode = SD_HS,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       {
+               .mode = UHS_SDR12,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+#endif
+       {
+               .mode = SD_LEGACY,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       }
+};
+
+#define for_each_sd_mode_by_pref(caps, mwt) \
+       for (mwt = sd_modes_by_pref;\
+            mwt < sd_modes_by_pref + ARRAY_SIZE(sd_modes_by_pref);\
+            mwt++) \
+               if (caps & MMC_CAP(mwt->mode))
+
+static int sd_select_mode_and_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint card_caps)
+{
+       int err;
+       uint widths[] = {MMC_MODE_4BIT, MMC_MODE_1BIT};
+       const struct mode_width_tuning *mwt;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_UHS_SUPPORT)
+       bool uhs_en = (mmc->ocr & OCR_S18R) ? true : false;
+#else
+       bool uhs_en = false;
+#endif
+       uint caps;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       mmc_dump_capabilities("sd card", card_caps);
+       mmc_dump_capabilities("host", mmc->host_caps);
+#endif
+
+       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
+       caps = card_caps & mmc->host_caps;
+
+       if (!uhs_en)
+               caps &= ~UHS_CAPS;
+
+       for_each_sd_mode_by_pref(caps, mwt) {
+               uint *w;
+
+               for (w = widths; w < widths + ARRAY_SIZE(widths); w++) {
+                       if (*w & caps & mwt->widths) {
+                               pr_debug("trying mode %s width %d (at %d MHz)\n",
+                                        mmc_mode_name(mwt->mode),
+                                        bus_width(*w),
+                                        mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mwt->mode) / 1000000);
+
+                               /* configure the bus width (card + host) */
+                               err = sd_select_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(*w));
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+                               mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(*w));
+
+                               /* configure the bus mode (card) */
+                               err = sd_set_card_speed(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+
+                               /* configure the bus mode (host) */
+                               mmc_select_mode(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                               mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+                               /* execute tuning if needed */
+                               if (mwt->tuning && !mmc_host_is_spi(mmc)) {
+                                       err = mmc_execute_tuning(mmc,
+                                                                mwt->tuning);
+                                       if (err) {
+                                               pr_debug("tuning failed\n");
+                                               goto error;
+                                       }
+                               }
+#endif
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
+                               err = sd_read_ssr(mmc);
+                               if (!err)
+                                       pr_warn("unable to read ssr\n");
+#endif
+                               if (!err)
+                                       return 0;
+
+error:
+                               /* revert to a safer bus speed */
+                               mmc_select_mode(mmc, SD_LEGACY);
+                               mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       pr_err("unable to select a mode\n");
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read the compare the part of ext csd that is constant.
+ * This can be used to check that the transfer is working
+ * as expected.
+ */
+static int mmc_read_and_compare_ext_csd(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       const u8 *ext_csd = mmc->ext_csd;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
+               return 0;
+
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       /* Only compare read only fields */
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] &&
+           memcmp(&ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT],
+                  &test_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT], 4) == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       return -EBADMSG;
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_IO_VOLTAGE)
+static int mmc_set_lowest_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode,
+                                 uint32_t allowed_mask)
+{
+       u32 card_mask = 0;
+
+       switch (mode) {
+       case MMC_HS_200:
+               if (mmc->cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_8V)
+                       card_mask |= MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180;
+               if (mmc->cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_HS200_1_2V)
+                       card_mask |= MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_120;
+               break;
+       case MMC_DDR_52:
+               if (mmc->cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_1_8V)
+                       card_mask |= MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330 |
+                                    MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180;
+               if (mmc->cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_1_2V)
+                       card_mask |= MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_120;
+               break;
+       default:
+               card_mask |= MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       while (card_mask & allowed_mask) {
+               enum mmc_voltage best_match;
+
+               best_match = 1 << (ffs(card_mask & allowed_mask) - 1);
+               if (!mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc,  best_match))
+                       return 0;
+
+               allowed_mask &= ~best_match;
+       }
+
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+#else
+static inline int mmc_set_lowest_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode,
+                                        uint32_t allowed_mask)
+{
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static const struct mode_width_tuning mmc_modes_by_pref[] = {
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HS200_SUPPORT)
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS_200,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
+               .tuning = MMC_CMD_SEND_TUNING_BLOCK_HS200
+       },
+#endif
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_DDR_52,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS_52,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_LEGACY,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       }
+};
+
+#define for_each_mmc_mode_by_pref(caps, mwt) \
+       for (mwt = mmc_modes_by_pref;\
+           mwt < mmc_modes_by_pref + ARRAY_SIZE(mmc_modes_by_pref);\
+           mwt++) \
+               if (caps & MMC_CAP(mwt->mode))
+
+static const struct ext_csd_bus_width {
+       uint cap;
+       bool is_ddr;
+       uint ext_csd_bits;
+} ext_csd_bus_width[] = {
+       {MMC_MODE_8BIT, true, EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8},
+       {MMC_MODE_4BIT, true, EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4},
+       {MMC_MODE_8BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8},
+       {MMC_MODE_4BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4},
+       {MMC_MODE_1BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1},
+};
+
+#define for_each_supported_width(caps, ddr, ecbv) \
+       for (ecbv = ext_csd_bus_width;\
+           ecbv < ext_csd_bus_width + ARRAY_SIZE(ext_csd_bus_width);\
+           ecbv++) \
+               if ((ddr == ecbv->is_ddr) && (caps & ecbv->cap))
+
+static int mmc_select_mode_and_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint card_caps)
+{
+       int err;
+       const struct mode_width_tuning *mwt;
+       const struct ext_csd_bus_width *ecbw;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       mmc_dump_capabilities("mmc", card_caps);
+       mmc_dump_capabilities("host", mmc->host_caps);
+#endif
+
+       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
+       card_caps &= mmc->host_caps;
+
+       /* Only version 4 of MMC supports wider bus widths */
+       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!mmc->ext_csd) {
+               pr_debug("No ext_csd found!\n"); /* this should enver happen */
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
+
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->legacy_speed, false);
+
+       for_each_mmc_mode_by_pref(card_caps, mwt) {
+               for_each_supported_width(card_caps & mwt->widths,
+                                        mmc_is_mode_ddr(mwt->mode), ecbw) {
+                       enum mmc_voltage old_voltage;
+                       pr_debug("trying mode %s width %d (at %d MHz)\n",
+                                mmc_mode_name(mwt->mode),
+                                bus_width(ecbw->cap),
+                                mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mwt->mode) / 1000000);
+                       old_voltage = mmc->signal_voltage;
+                       err = mmc_set_lowest_voltage(mmc, mwt->mode,
+                                                    MMC_ALL_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE);
+                       if (err)
+                               continue;
+
+                       /* configure the bus width (card + host) */
+                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                   EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH,
+                                   ecbw->ext_csd_bits & ~EXT_CSD_DDR_FLAG);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto error;
+                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(ecbw->cap));
+
+                       /* configure the bus speed (card) */
+                       err = mmc_set_card_speed(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto error;
+
+                       /*
+                        * configure the bus width AND the ddr mode (card)
+                        * The host side will be taken care of in the next step
+                        */
+                       if (ecbw->ext_csd_bits & EXT_CSD_DDR_FLAG) {
+                               err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                                EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH,
+                                                ecbw->ext_csd_bits);
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+                       }
+
+                       /* configure the bus mode (host) */
+                       mmc_select_mode(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+#ifdef MMC_SUPPORTS_TUNING
+
+                       /* execute tuning if needed */
+                       if (mwt->tuning) {
+                               err = mmc_execute_tuning(mmc, mwt->tuning);
+                               if (err) {
+                                       pr_debug("tuning failed\n");
+                                       goto error;
+                               }
+                       }
+#endif
+
+                       /* do a transfer to check the configuration */
+                       err = mmc_read_and_compare_ext_csd(mmc);
+                       if (!err)
+                               return 0;
+error:
+                       mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, old_voltage);
+                       /* if an error occured, revert to a safer bus mode */
+                       mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                  EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1);
+                       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
+                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       pr_err("unable to select a mode\n");
+
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static int mmc_startup_v4(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err, i;
+       u64 capacity;
+       bool has_parts = false;
        bool part_completed;
+       static const u32 mmc_versions[] = {
+               MMC_VERSION_4,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_1,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_2,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_3,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_4,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_41,
+               MMC_VERSION_4_5,
+               MMC_VERSION_5_0,
+               MMC_VERSION_5_1
+       };
+
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       if (IS_SD(mmc) || (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4))
+               return 0;
+
+       /* check  ext_csd version and capacity */
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (err)
+               goto error;
+
+       /* store the ext csd for future reference */
+       if (!mmc->ext_csd)
+               mmc->ext_csd = malloc(MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+       if (!mmc->ext_csd)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       memcpy(mmc->ext_csd, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] > ARRAY_SIZE(mmc_versions))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       mmc->version = mmc_versions[ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]];
+
+       if (mmc->version >= MMC_VERSION_4_2) {
+               /*
+                * According to the JEDEC Standard, the value of
+                * ext_csd's capacity is valid if the value is more
+                * than 2GB
+                */
+               capacity = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT] << 0
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24;
+               capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+               if ((capacity >> 20) > 2 * 1024)
+                       mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
+       }
+
+       /* The partition data may be non-zero but it is only
+        * effective if PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED is set in
+        * EXT_CSD, so ignore any data if this bit is not set,
+        * except for enabling the high-capacity group size
+        * definition (see below).
+        */
+       part_completed = !!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING] &
+                           EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED);
+
+       /* store the partition info of emmc */
+       mmc->part_support = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT];
+       if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) ||
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT])
+               mmc->part_config = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PART_CONF];
+       if (part_completed &&
+           (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & ENHNCD_SUPPORT))
+               mmc->part_attr = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE];
+
+       mmc->capacity_boot = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT] << 17;
+
+       mmc->capacity_rpmb = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_RPMB_MULT] << 17;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               int idx = EXT_CSD_GP_SIZE_MULT + i * 3;
+               uint mult = (ext_csd[idx + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[idx + 1] << 8) + ext_csd[idx];
+               if (mult)
+                       has_parts = true;
+               if (!part_completed)
+                       continue;
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] = mult;
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] *=
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] <<= 19;
+       }
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
+       if (part_completed) {
+               mmc->enh_user_size =
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT + 1] << 8) +
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT];
+               mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->enh_user_size <<= 19;
+               mmc->enh_user_start =
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 3] << 24) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 1] << 8) +
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR];
+               if (mmc->high_capacity)
+                       mmc->enh_user_start <<= 9;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * Host needs to enable ERASE_GRP_DEF bit if device is
+        * partitioned. This bit will be lost every time after a reset
+        * or power off. This will affect erase size.
+        */
+       if (part_completed)
+               has_parts = true;
+       if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) &&
+           (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE] & PART_ENH_ATTRIB))
+               has_parts = true;
+       if (has_parts) {
+               err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF, 1);
+
+               if (err)
+                       goto error;
+
+               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] & 0x01) {
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
+               /* Read out group size from ext_csd */
+               mmc->erase_grp_size =
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] * 1024;
+#endif
+               /*
+                * if high capacity and partition setting completed
+                * SEC_COUNT is valid even if it is smaller than 2 GiB
+                * JEDEC Standard JESD84-B45, 6.2.4
+                */
+               if (mmc->high_capacity && part_completed) {
+                       capacity = (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT]) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24);
+                       capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+                       mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
+               }
+       }
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
+       else {
+               /* Calculate the group size from the csd value. */
+               int erase_gsz, erase_gmul;
+
+               erase_gsz = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x00007c00) >> 10;
+               erase_gmul = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x000003e0) >> 5;
+               mmc->erase_grp_size = (erase_gsz + 1)
+                       * (erase_gmul + 1);
+       }
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_HW_PARTITIONING)
+       mmc->hc_wp_grp_size = 1024
+               * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
+               * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+#endif
+
+       mmc->wr_rel_set = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_WR_REL_SET];
+
+       return 0;
+error:
+       if (mmc->ext_csd) {
+               free(mmc->ext_csd);
+               mmc->ext_csd = NULL;
+       }
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err, i;
+       uint mult, freq;
+       u64 cmult, csize;
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
        struct blk_desc *bdesc;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMC_SPI_CRC_ON
@@ -1088,7 +2127,6 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
                cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
                cmd.cmdarg = 1;
                err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
-
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }
@@ -1102,6 +2140,21 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_QUIRKS
+       if (err && (mmc->quirks & MMC_QUIRK_RETRY_SEND_CID)) {
+               int retries = 4;
+               /*
+                * It has been seen that SEND_CID may fail on the first
+                * attempt, let's try a few more time
+                */
+               do {
+                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+                       if (!err)
+                               break;
+               } while (retries--);
+       }
+#endif
+
        if (err)
                return err;
 
@@ -1133,9 +2186,6 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
 
-       /* Waiting for the ready status */
-       mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
-
        if (err)
                return err;
 
@@ -1173,15 +2223,18 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
        freq = fbase[(cmd.response[0] & 0x7)];
        mult = multipliers[((cmd.response[0] >> 3) & 0xf)];
 
-       mmc->tran_speed = freq * mult;
+       mmc->legacy_speed = freq * mult;
+       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
 
        mmc->dsr_imp = ((cmd.response[1] >> 12) & 0x1);
        mmc->read_bl_len = 1 << ((cmd.response[1] >> 16) & 0xf);
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
 
        if (IS_SD(mmc))
                mmc->write_bl_len = mmc->read_bl_len;
        else
                mmc->write_bl_len = 1 << ((cmd.response[3] >> 22) & 0xf);
+#endif
 
        if (mmc->high_capacity) {
                csize = (mmc->csd[1] & 0x3f) << 16
@@ -1203,15 +2256,17 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
        if (mmc->read_bl_len > MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN)
                mmc->read_bl_len = MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
 
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
        if (mmc->write_bl_len > MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN)
                mmc->write_bl_len = MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+#endif
 
        if ((mmc->dsr_imp) && (0xffffffff != mmc->dsr)) {
                cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_SET_DSR;
                cmd.cmdarg = (mmc->dsr & 0xffff) << 16;
                cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_NONE;
                if (mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL))
-                       printf("MMC: SET_DSR failed\n");
+                       pr_warn("MMC: SET_DSR failed\n");
        }
 
        /* Select the card, and put it into Transfer Mode */
@@ -1228,299 +2283,42 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
        /*
         * For SD, its erase group is always one sector
         */
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
        mmc->erase_grp_size = 1;
+#endif
        mmc->part_config = MMCPART_NOAVAILABLE;
-       if (!IS_SD(mmc) && (mmc->version >= MMC_VERSION_4)) {
-               /* check  ext_csd version and capacity */
-               err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
-               if (err)
-                       return err;
-               if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] >= 2) {
-                       /*
-                        * According to the JEDEC Standard, the value of
-                        * ext_csd's capacity is valid if the value is more
-                        * than 2GB
-                        */
-                       capacity = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT] << 0
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24;
-                       capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
-                       if ((capacity >> 20) > 2 * 1024)
-                               mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
-               }
-
-               switch (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]) {
-               case 1:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_1;
-                       break;
-               case 2:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_2;
-                       break;
-               case 3:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_3;
-                       break;
-               case 5:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_41;
-                       break;
-               case 6:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_5;
-                       break;
-               case 7:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_0;
-                       break;
-               case 8:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_1;
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               /* The partition data may be non-zero but it is only
-                * effective if PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED is set in
-                * EXT_CSD, so ignore any data if this bit is not set,
-                * except for enabling the high-capacity group size
-                * definition (see below). */
-               part_completed = !!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING] &
-                                   EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED);
-
-               /* store the partition info of emmc */
-               mmc->part_support = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT];
-               if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) ||
-                   ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT])
-                       mmc->part_config = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PART_CONF];
-               if (part_completed &&
-                   (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & ENHNCD_SUPPORT))
-                       mmc->part_attr = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE];
-
-               mmc->capacity_boot = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT] << 17;
-
-               mmc->capacity_rpmb = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_RPMB_MULT] << 17;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                       int idx = EXT_CSD_GP_SIZE_MULT + i * 3;
-                       uint mult = (ext_csd[idx + 2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[idx + 1] << 8) + ext_csd[idx];
-                       if (mult)
-                               has_parts = true;
-                       if (!part_completed)
-                               continue;
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] = mult;
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] *=
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] <<= 19;
-               }
-
-               if (part_completed) {
-                       mmc->enh_user_size =
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT+2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT+1] << 8) +
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size <<= 19;
-                       mmc->enh_user_start =
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+3] << 24) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+1] << 8) +
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR];
-                       if (mmc->high_capacity)
-                               mmc->enh_user_start <<= 9;
-               }
-
-               /*
-                * Host needs to enable ERASE_GRP_DEF bit if device is
-                * partitioned. This bit will be lost every time after a reset
-                * or power off. This will affect erase size.
-                */
-               if (part_completed)
-                       has_parts = true;
-               if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) &&
-                   (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE] & PART_ENH_ATTRIB))
-                       has_parts = true;
-               if (has_parts) {
-                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
-                               EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF, 1);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-                       else
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] = 1;
-               }
-
-               if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] & 0x01) {
-                       /* Read out group size from ext_csd */
-                       mmc->erase_grp_size =
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] * 1024;
-                       /*
-                        * if high capacity and partition setting completed
-                        * SEC_COUNT is valid even if it is smaller than 2 GiB
-                        * JEDEC Standard JESD84-B45, 6.2.4
-                        */
-                       if (mmc->high_capacity && part_completed) {
-                               capacity = (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT]) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24);
-                               capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
-                               mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       /* Calculate the group size from the csd value. */
-                       int erase_gsz, erase_gmul;
-                       erase_gsz = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x00007c00) >> 10;
-                       erase_gmul = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x000003e0) >> 5;
-                       mmc->erase_grp_size = (erase_gsz + 1)
-                               * (erase_gmul + 1);
-               }
-
-               mmc->hc_wp_grp_size = 1024
-                       * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
-                       * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-
-               mmc->wr_rel_set = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_WR_REL_SET];
-       }
 
-       err = mmc_set_capacity(mmc, mmc_get_blk_desc(mmc)->hwpart);
+       err = mmc_startup_v4(mmc);
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-       if (IS_SD(mmc))
-               err = sd_change_freq(mmc);
-       else
-               err = mmc_change_freq(mmc);
-
+       err = mmc_set_capacity(mmc, mmc_get_blk_desc(mmc)->hwpart);
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
-       mmc->card_caps &= mmc->cfg->host_caps;
-
        if (IS_SD(mmc)) {
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_4BIT) {
-                       cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_APP_CMD;
-                       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
-                       cmd.cmdarg = mmc->rca << 16;
-
-                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-
-                       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH;
-                       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
-                       cmd.cmdarg = 2;
-                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-
-                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 4);
-               }
-
-               err = sd_read_ssr(mmc);
+               err = sd_get_capabilities(mmc);
                if (err)
                        return err;
-
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS)
-                       mmc->tran_speed = 50000000;
-               else
-                       mmc->tran_speed = 25000000;
-       } else if (mmc->version >= MMC_VERSION_4) {
-               /* Only version 4 of MMC supports wider bus widths */
-               int idx;
-
-               /* An array of possible bus widths in order of preference */
-               static unsigned ext_csd_bits[] = {
-                       EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8,
-                       EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1,
-               };
-
-               /* An array to map CSD bus widths to host cap bits */
-               static unsigned ext_to_hostcaps[] = {
-                       [EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4] =
-                               MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8] =
-                               MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz | MMC_MODE_8BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4] = MMC_MODE_4BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8] = MMC_MODE_8BIT,
-               };
-
-               /* An array to map chosen bus width to an integer */
-               static unsigned widths[] = {
-                       8, 4, 8, 4, 1,
-               };
-
-               for (idx=0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(ext_csd_bits); idx++) {
-                       unsigned int extw = ext_csd_bits[idx];
-                       unsigned int caps = ext_to_hostcaps[extw];
-
-                       /*
-                        * If the bus width is still not changed,
-                        * don't try to set the default again.
-                        * Otherwise, recover from switch attempts
-                        * by switching to 1-bit bus width.
-                        */
-                       if (extw == EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1 &&
-                                       mmc->bus_width == 1) {
-                               err = 0;
-                               break;
-                       }
-
-                       /*
-                        * Check to make sure the card and controller support
-                        * these capabilities
-                        */
-                       if ((mmc->card_caps & caps) != caps)
-                               continue;
-
-                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
-                                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH, extw);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               continue;
-
-                       mmc->ddr_mode = (caps & MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz) ? 1 : 0;
-                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, widths[idx]);
-
-                       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               continue;
-
-                       /* Only compare read only fields */
-                       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] &&
-                           memcmp(&ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT],
-                                  &test_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT], 4) == 0)
-                               break;
-                       else
-                               err = -EBADMSG;
-               }
-
+               err = sd_select_mode_and_width(mmc, mmc->card_caps);
+       } else {
+               err = mmc_get_capabilities(mmc);
                if (err)
                        return err;
-
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS) {
-                       if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz)
-                               mmc->tran_speed = 52000000;
-                       else
-                               mmc->tran_speed = 26000000;
-               }
+               mmc_select_mode_and_width(mmc, mmc->card_caps);
        }
 
-       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       mmc->best_mode = mmc->selected_mode;
 
        /* Fix the block length for DDR mode */
        if (mmc->ddr_mode) {
                mmc->read_bl_len = MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_WRITE)
                mmc->write_bl_len = MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+#endif
        }
 
        /* fill in device description */
@@ -1578,50 +2376,132 @@ static int mmc_send_if_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
        return 0;
 }
 
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 /* board-specific MMC power initializations. */
 __weak void board_mmc_power_init(void)
 {
 }
+#endif
 
 static int mmc_power_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
-       board_mmc_power_init();
-
-#if defined(CONFIG_DM_MMC) && defined(CONFIG_DM_REGULATOR) && \
-       !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
-       struct udevice *vmmc_supply;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
        int ret;
 
        ret = device_get_supply_regulator(mmc->dev, "vmmc-supply",
-                                         &vmmc_supply);
-       if (ret) {
-               debug("%s: No vmmc supply\n", mmc->dev->name);
-               return 0;
+                                         &mmc->vmmc_supply);
+       if (ret)
+               pr_debug("%s: No vmmc supply\n", mmc->dev->name);
+
+       ret = device_get_supply_regulator(mmc->dev, "vqmmc-supply",
+                                         &mmc->vqmmc_supply);
+       if (ret)
+               pr_debug("%s: No vqmmc supply\n", mmc->dev->name);
+#endif
+#else /* !CONFIG_DM_MMC */
+       /*
+        * Driver model should use a regulator, as above, rather than calling
+        * out to board code.
+        */
+       board_mmc_power_init();
+#endif
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * put the host in the initial state:
+ * - turn on Vdd (card power supply)
+ * - configure the bus width and clock to minimal values
+ */
+static void mmc_set_initial_state(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+
+       /* First try to set 3.3V. If it fails set to 1.8V */
+       err = mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330);
+       if (err != 0)
+               err = mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180);
+       if (err != 0)
+               pr_warn("mmc: failed to set signal voltage\n");
+
+       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
+       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, 0, false);
+}
+
+static int mmc_power_on(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC) && CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
+       if (mmc->vmmc_supply) {
+               int ret = regulator_set_enable(mmc->vmmc_supply, true);
+
+               if (ret) {
+                       puts("Error enabling VMMC supply\n");
+                       return ret;
+               }
        }
+#endif
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       ret = regulator_set_enable(vmmc_supply, true);
-       if (ret) {
-               puts("Error enabling VMMC supply\n");
-               return ret;
+static int mmc_power_off(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, 0, true);
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC) && CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
+       if (mmc->vmmc_supply) {
+               int ret = regulator_set_enable(mmc->vmmc_supply, false);
+
+               if (ret) {
+                       pr_debug("Error disabling VMMC supply\n");
+                       return ret;
+               }
        }
 #endif
        return 0;
 }
 
+static int mmc_power_cycle(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = mmc_power_off(mmc);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       /*
+        * SD spec recommends at least 1ms of delay. Let's wait for 2ms
+        * to be on the safer side.
+        */
+       udelay(2000);
+       return mmc_power_on(mmc);
+}
+
 int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        bool no_card;
+       bool uhs_en = supports_uhs(mmc->cfg->host_caps);
        int err;
 
+       /*
+        * all hosts are capable of 1 bit bus-width and able to use the legacy
+        * timings.
+        */
+       mmc->host_caps = mmc->cfg->host_caps | MMC_CAP(SD_LEGACY) |
+                        MMC_CAP(MMC_LEGACY) | MMC_MODE_1BIT;
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_MMC_BROKEN_CD)
        /* we pretend there's no card when init is NULL */
        no_card = mmc_getcd(mmc) == 0;
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#else
+       no_card = 0;
+#endif
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        no_card = no_card || (mmc->cfg->ops->init == NULL);
 #endif
        if (no_card) {
                mmc->has_init = 0;
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-               printf("MMC: no card present\n");
+               pr_err("MMC: no card present\n");
 #endif
                return -ENOMEDIUM;
        }
@@ -1636,7 +2516,27 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_QUIRKS
+       mmc->quirks = MMC_QUIRK_RETRY_SET_BLOCKLEN |
+                     MMC_QUIRK_RETRY_SEND_CID;
+#endif
+
+       err = mmc_power_cycle(mmc);
+       if (err) {
+               /*
+                * if power cycling is not supported, we should not try
+                * to use the UHS modes, because we wouldn't be able to
+                * recover from an error during the UHS initialization.
+                */
+               pr_debug("Unable to do a full power cycle. Disabling the UHS modes for safety\n");
+               uhs_en = false;
+               mmc->host_caps &= ~UHS_CAPS;
+               err = mmc_power_on(mmc);
+       }
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        /* The device has already been probed ready for use */
 #else
        /* made sure it's not NULL earlier */
@@ -1645,8 +2545,10 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
                return err;
 #endif
        mmc->ddr_mode = 0;
-       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
-       mmc_set_clock(mmc, 1);
+
+retry:
+       mmc_set_initial_state(mmc);
+       mmc_send_init_stream(mmc);
 
        /* Reset the Card */
        err = mmc_go_idle(mmc);
@@ -1661,7 +2563,12 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
        err = mmc_send_if_cond(mmc);
 
        /* Now try to get the SD card's operating condition */
-       err = sd_send_op_cond(mmc);
+       err = sd_send_op_cond(mmc, uhs_en);
+       if (err && uhs_en) {
+               uhs_en = false;
+               mmc_power_cycle(mmc);
+               goto retry;
+       }
 
        /* If the command timed out, we check for an MMC card */
        if (err == -ETIMEDOUT) {
@@ -1669,7 +2576,7 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 
                if (err) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
-                       printf("Card did not respond to voltage select!\n");
+                       pr_err("Card did not respond to voltage select!\n");
 #endif
                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                }
@@ -1701,8 +2608,8 @@ static int mmc_complete_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 int mmc_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int err = 0;
-       unsigned start;
-#ifdef CONFIG_DM_MMC
+       __maybe_unused unsigned start;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        struct mmc_uclass_priv *upriv = dev_get_uclass_priv(mmc->dev);
 
        upriv->mmc = mmc;
@@ -1717,7 +2624,9 @@ int mmc_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        if (!err)
                err = mmc_complete_init(mmc);
-       debug("%s: %d, time %lu\n", __func__, err, get_timer(start));
+       if (err)
+               pr_info("%s: %d, time %lu\n", __func__, err, get_timer(start));
+
        return err;
 }
 
@@ -1744,12 +2653,7 @@ void mmc_set_preinit(struct mmc *mmc, int preinit)
        mmc->preinit = preinit;
 }
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_DM_MMC) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
-static int mmc_probe(bd_t *bis)
-{
-       return 0;
-}
-#elif defined(CONFIG_DM_MMC)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 static int mmc_probe(bd_t *bis)
 {
        int ret, i;
@@ -1773,7 +2677,7 @@ static int mmc_probe(bd_t *bis)
        uclass_foreach_dev(dev, uc) {
                ret = device_probe(dev);
                if (ret)
-                       printf("%s - probe failed: %d\n", dev->name, ret);
+                       pr_err("%s - probe failed: %d\n", dev->name, ret);
        }
 
        return 0;
@@ -1796,8 +2700,10 @@ int mmc_initialize(bd_t *bis)
                return 0;
        initialized = 1;
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_BLK
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY)
        mmc_list_init();
+#endif
 #endif
        ret = mmc_probe(bis);
        if (ret)
@@ -1810,3 +2716,37 @@ int mmc_initialize(bd_t *bis)
        mmc_do_preinit();
        return 0;
 }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_BKOPS_ENABLE
+int mmc_set_bkops_enable(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (err) {
+               puts("Could not get ext_csd register values\n");
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       if (!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BKOPS_SUPPORT] & 0x1)) {
+               puts("Background operations not supported on device\n");
+               return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+       }
+
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BKOPS_EN] & 0x1) {
+               puts("Background operations already enabled\n");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_BKOPS_EN, 1);
+       if (err) {
+               puts("Failed to enable manual background operations\n");
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       puts("Enabled manual background operations\n");
+
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif