]> git.ipfire.org Git - people/ms/u-boot.git/blobdiff - drivers/mmc/mmc.c
mmc: add a new mmc parameter to disable mmc clock
[people/ms/u-boot.git] / drivers / mmc / mmc.c
index f8e5f7a6089667434d363b12000df19961d5e733..664b71affd81ddee6a5ba0a17f1e9664714b1610 100644 (file)
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <mmc.h>
 #include <part.h>
+#include <power/regulator.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <memalign.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <div64.h>
 #include "mmc_private.h"
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+static const unsigned int sd_au_size[] = {
+       0,              SZ_16K / 512,           SZ_32K / 512,
+       SZ_64K / 512,   SZ_128K / 512,          SZ_256K / 512,
+       SZ_512K / 512,  SZ_1M / 512,            SZ_2M / 512,
+       SZ_4M / 512,    SZ_8M / 512,            (SZ_8M + SZ_4M) / 512,
+       SZ_16M / 512,   (SZ_16M + SZ_8M) / 512, SZ_32M / 512,   SZ_64M / 512,
+};
+
+static int mmc_set_signal_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, uint signal_voltage);
+static int mmc_power_cycle(struct mmc *mmc);
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY)
+static struct mmc mmc_static;
+struct mmc *find_mmc_device(int dev_num)
+{
+       return &mmc_static;
+}
+
+void mmc_do_preinit(void)
+{
+       struct mmc *m = &mmc_static;
+#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_ESDHC_ADAPTER_IDENT
+       mmc_set_preinit(m, 1);
+#endif
+       if (m->preinit)
+               mmc_start_init(m);
+}
+
+struct blk_desc *mmc_get_blk_desc(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       return &mmc->block_dev;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 __weak int board_mmc_getwp(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        return -1;
@@ -117,7 +152,66 @@ void mmc_trace_state(struct mmc *mmc, struct mmc_cmd *cmd)
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_VERBOSE) || defined(DEBUG)
+const char *mmc_mode_name(enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       static const char *const names[] = {
+             [MMC_LEGACY]      = "MMC legacy",
+             [SD_LEGACY]       = "SD Legacy",
+             [MMC_HS]          = "MMC High Speed (26MHz)",
+             [SD_HS]           = "SD High Speed (50MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR12]       = "UHS SDR12 (25MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR25]       = "UHS SDR25 (50MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR50]       = "UHS SDR50 (100MHz)",
+             [UHS_SDR104]      = "UHS SDR104 (208MHz)",
+             [UHS_DDR50]       = "UHS DDR50 (50MHz)",
+             [MMC_HS_52]       = "MMC High Speed (52MHz)",
+             [MMC_DDR_52]      = "MMC DDR52 (52MHz)",
+             [MMC_HS_200]      = "HS200 (200MHz)",
+       };
+
+       if (mode >= MMC_MODES_END)
+               return "Unknown mode";
+       else
+               return names[mode];
+}
+#endif
+
+static uint mmc_mode2freq(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       static const int freqs[] = {
+             [SD_LEGACY]       = 25000000,
+             [MMC_HS]          = 26000000,
+             [SD_HS]           = 50000000,
+             [UHS_SDR12]       = 25000000,
+             [UHS_SDR25]       = 50000000,
+             [UHS_SDR50]       = 100000000,
+             [UHS_SDR104]      = 208000000,
+             [UHS_DDR50]       = 50000000,
+             [MMC_HS_52]       = 52000000,
+             [MMC_DDR_52]      = 52000000,
+             [MMC_HS_200]      = 200000000,
+       };
+
+       if (mode == MMC_LEGACY)
+               return mmc->legacy_speed;
+       else if (mode >= MMC_MODES_END)
+               return 0;
+       else
+               return freqs[mode];
+}
+
+static int mmc_select_mode(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       mmc->selected_mode = mode;
+       mmc->tran_speed = mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mode);
+       mmc->ddr_mode = mmc_is_mode_ddr(mode);
+       debug("selecting mode %s (freq : %d MHz)\n", mmc_mode_name(mode),
+             mmc->tran_speed / 1000000);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 int mmc_send_cmd(struct mmc *mmc, struct mmc_cmd *cmd, struct mmc_data *data)
 {
        int ret;
@@ -147,12 +241,13 @@ int mmc_send_status(struct mmc *mmc, int timeout)
                            (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_CURR_STATE) !=
                             MMC_STATE_PRG)
                                break;
-                       else if (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_MASK) {
+
+                       if (cmd.response[0] & MMC_STATUS_MASK) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
                                printf("Status Error: 0x%08X\n",
                                        cmd.response[0]);
 #endif
-                               return COMM_ERR;
+                               return -ECOMM;
                        }
                } else if (--retries < 0)
                        return err;
@@ -168,7 +263,7 @@ int mmc_send_status(struct mmc *mmc, int timeout)
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
                printf("Timeout waiting card ready\n");
 #endif
-               return TIMEOUT;
+               return -ETIMEDOUT;
        }
 
        return 0;
@@ -229,14 +324,14 @@ static int mmc_read_blocks(struct mmc *mmc, void *dst, lbaint_t start,
        return blkcnt;
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
 ulong mmc_bread(struct udevice *dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt, void *dst)
 #else
 ulong mmc_bread(struct blk_desc *block_dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt,
                void *dst)
 #endif
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_BLK
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
        struct blk_desc *block_dev = dev_get_uclass_platdata(dev);
 #endif
        int dev_num = block_dev->devnum;
@@ -250,7 +345,11 @@ ulong mmc_bread(struct blk_desc *block_dev, lbaint_t start, lbaint_t blkcnt,
        if (!mmc)
                return 0;
 
-       err = blk_dselect_hwpart(block_dev, block_dev->hwpart);
+       if (CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY))
+               err = mmc_switch_part(mmc, block_dev->hwpart);
+       else
+               err = blk_dselect_hwpart(block_dev, block_dev->hwpart);
+
        if (err < 0)
                return 0;
 
@@ -344,7 +443,7 @@ static int sd_send_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
                        break;
 
                if (timeout-- <= 0)
-                       return UNUSABLE_ERR;
+                       return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
                udelay(1000);
        }
@@ -422,6 +521,9 @@ static int mmc_complete_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        mmc->op_cond_pending = 0;
        if (!(mmc->ocr & OCR_BUSY)) {
+               /* Some cards seem to need this */
+               mmc_go_idle(mmc);
+
                start = get_timer(0);
                while (1) {
                        err = mmc_send_op_cond_iter(mmc, 1);
@@ -430,7 +532,7 @@ static int mmc_complete_op_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
                        if (mmc->ocr & OCR_BUSY)
                                break;
                        if (get_timer(start) > timeout)
-                               return UNUSABLE_ERR;
+                               return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                        udelay(100);
                }
        }
@@ -482,6 +584,7 @@ int mmc_switch(struct mmc *mmc, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value)
 {
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
        int timeout = 1000;
+       int retries = 3;
        int ret;
 
        cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_SWITCH;
@@ -490,63 +593,90 @@ int mmc_switch(struct mmc *mmc, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value)
                                 (index << 16) |
                                 (value << 8);
 
-       ret = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       while (retries > 0) {
+               ret = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+
+               /* Waiting for the ready status */
+               if (!ret) {
+                       ret = mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
+                       return ret;
+               }
 
-       /* Waiting for the ready status */
-       if (!ret)
-               ret = mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
+               retries--;
+       }
 
        return ret;
 
 }
 
-static int mmc_change_freq(struct mmc *mmc)
+static int mmc_set_card_speed(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
 {
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       char cardtype;
        int err;
+       int speed_bits;
 
-       mmc->card_caps = 0;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
 
-       if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
-               return 0;
+       switch (mode) {
+       case MMC_HS:
+       case MMC_HS_52:
+       case MMC_DDR_52:
+               speed_bits = EXT_CSD_TIMING_HS;
+       case MMC_LEGACY:
+               speed_bits = EXT_CSD_TIMING_LEGACY;
+               break;
+       default:
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING,
+                        speed_bits);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
-       /* Only version 4 supports high-speed */
-       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
-               return 0;
+       if ((mode == MMC_HS) || (mode == MMC_HS_52)) {
+               /* Now check to see that it worked */
+               err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
+               if (err)
+                       return err;
 
-       mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_8BIT;
+               /* No high-speed support */
+               if (!test_csd[EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING])
+                       return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
 
-       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       return 0;
+}
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+static int mmc_get_capabilities(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       u8 *ext_csd = mmc->ext_csd;
+       char cardtype;
 
-       cardtype = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE] & 0xf;
+       mmc->card_caps = MMC_MODE_1BIT;
 
-       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING, 1);
+       if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
+               return 0;
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       /* Only version 4 supports high-speed */
+       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
+               return 0;
 
-       /* Now check to see that it worked */
-       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (!ext_csd) {
+               printf("No ext_csd found!\n"); /* this should enver happen */
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
 
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_8BIT;
 
-       /* No high-speed support */
-       if (!ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING])
-               return 0;
+       cardtype = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE] & 0xf;
 
        /* High Speed is set, there are two types: 52MHz and 26MHz */
        if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_52) {
-               if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_1_8V)
+               if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_DDR_52)
                        mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz;
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz | MMC_MODE_HS;
-       } else {
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz;
        }
+       if (cardtype & EXT_CSD_CARD_TYPE_26)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -793,7 +923,7 @@ int mmc_hwpart_config(struct mmc *mmc,
        return 0;
 }
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 int mmc_getcd(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int cd;
@@ -832,16 +962,16 @@ static int sd_switch(struct mmc *mmc, int mode, int group, u8 value, u8 *resp)
 }
 
 
-static int sd_change_freq(struct mmc *mmc)
+static int sd_get_capabilities(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int err;
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, scr, 2);
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, switch_status, 16);
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(__be32, scr, 2);
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(__be32, switch_status, 16);
        struct mmc_data data;
        int timeout;
 
-       mmc->card_caps = 0;
+       mmc->card_caps = MMC_MODE_1BIT;
 
        if (mmc_host_is_spi(mmc))
                return 0;
@@ -918,26 +1048,109 @@ retry_scr:
        }
 
        /* If high-speed isn't supported, we return */
-       if (!(__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[3]) & SD_HIGHSPEED_SUPPORTED))
-               return 0;
+       if (__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[3]) & SD_HIGHSPEED_SUPPORTED)
+               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_CAP(SD_HS);
 
-       /*
-        * If the host doesn't support SD_HIGHSPEED, do not switch card to
-        * HIGHSPEED mode even if the card support SD_HIGHSPPED.
-        * This can avoid furthur problem when the card runs in different
-        * mode between the host.
-        */
-       if (!((mmc->cfg->host_caps & MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz) &&
-               (mmc->cfg->host_caps & MMC_MODE_HS)))
-               return 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int sd_set_card_speed(struct mmc *mmc, enum bus_mode mode)
+{
+       int err;
+
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, switch_status, 16);
 
        err = sd_switch(mmc, SD_SWITCH_SWITCH, 0, 1, (u8 *)switch_status);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       if ((__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[4]) & 0x0f000000) != 0x01000000)
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
 
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int sd_select_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, int w)
+{
+       int err;
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+
+       if ((w != 4) && (w != 1))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_APP_CMD;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       cmd.cmdarg = mmc->rca << 16;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-       if ((__be32_to_cpu(switch_status[4]) & 0x0f000000) == 0x01000000)
-               mmc->card_caps |= MMC_MODE_HS;
+       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       if (w == 4)
+               cmd.cmdarg = 2;
+       else if (w == 1)
+               cmd.cmdarg = 0;
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int sd_read_ssr(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err, i;
+       struct mmc_cmd cmd;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(uint, ssr, 16);
+       struct mmc_data data;
+       int timeout = 3;
+       unsigned int au, eo, et, es;
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_APP_CMD;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       cmd.cmdarg = mmc->rca << 16;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_APP_SD_STATUS;
+       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
+       cmd.cmdarg = 0;
+
+retry_ssr:
+       data.dest = (char *)ssr;
+       data.blocksize = 64;
+       data.blocks = 1;
+       data.flags = MMC_DATA_READ;
+
+       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, &data);
+       if (err) {
+               if (timeout--)
+                       goto retry_ssr;
+
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+               ssr[i] = be32_to_cpu(ssr[i]);
+
+       au = (ssr[2] >> 12) & 0xF;
+       if ((au <= 9) || (mmc->version == SD_VERSION_3)) {
+               mmc->ssr.au = sd_au_size[au];
+               es = (ssr[3] >> 24) & 0xFF;
+               es |= (ssr[2] & 0xFF) << 8;
+               et = (ssr[3] >> 18) & 0x3F;
+               if (es && et) {
+                       eo = (ssr[3] >> 16) & 0x3;
+                       mmc->ssr.erase_timeout = (et * 1000) / es;
+                       mmc->ssr.erase_offset = eo * 1000;
+               }
+       } else {
+               debug("Invalid Allocation Unit Size.\n");
+       }
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -973,15 +1186,35 @@ static const u8 multipliers[] = {
        80,
 };
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
-static void mmc_set_ios(struct mmc *mmc)
+static inline int bus_width(uint cap)
 {
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_8BIT)
+               return 8;
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_4BIT)
+               return 4;
+       if (cap == MMC_MODE_1BIT)
+               return 1;
+       printf("invalid bus witdh capability 0x%x\n", cap);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
+static void mmc_send_init_stream(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+}
+
+static int mmc_set_ios(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
        if (mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios)
-               mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios(mmc);
+               ret = mmc->cfg->ops->set_ios(mmc);
+
+       return ret;
 }
 #endif
 
-void mmc_set_clock(struct mmc *mmc, uint clock)
+int mmc_set_clock(struct mmc *mmc, uint clock, bool disable)
 {
        if (clock > mmc->cfg->f_max)
                clock = mmc->cfg->f_max;
@@ -990,28 +1223,456 @@ void mmc_set_clock(struct mmc *mmc, uint clock)
                clock = mmc->cfg->f_min;
 
        mmc->clock = clock;
+       mmc->clk_disable = disable;
 
-       mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+       return mmc_set_ios(mmc);
 }
 
-static void mmc_set_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint width)
+static int mmc_set_bus_width(struct mmc *mmc, uint width)
 {
        mmc->bus_width = width;
 
-       mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+       return mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_VERBOSE) || defined(DEBUG)
+/*
+ * helper function to display the capabilities in a human
+ * friendly manner. The capabilities include bus width and
+ * supported modes.
+ */
+void mmc_dump_capabilities(const char *text, uint caps)
+{
+       enum bus_mode mode;
+
+       printf("%s: widths [", text);
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_8BIT)
+               printf("8, ");
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_4BIT)
+               printf("4, ");
+       if (caps & MMC_MODE_1BIT)
+               printf("1, ");
+       printf("\b\b] modes [");
+       for (mode = MMC_LEGACY; mode < MMC_MODES_END; mode++)
+               if (MMC_CAP(mode) & caps)
+                       printf("%s, ", mmc_mode_name(mode));
+       printf("\b\b]\n");
+}
+#endif
+
+struct mode_width_tuning {
+       enum bus_mode mode;
+       uint widths;
+};
+
+static int mmc_set_signal_voltage(struct mmc *mmc, uint signal_voltage)
+{
+       mmc->signal_voltage = signal_voltage;
+       return mmc_set_ios(mmc);
+}
+
+static const struct mode_width_tuning sd_modes_by_pref[] = {
+       {
+               .mode = SD_HS,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = SD_LEGACY,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       }
+};
+
+#define for_each_sd_mode_by_pref(caps, mwt) \
+       for (mwt = sd_modes_by_pref;\
+            mwt < sd_modes_by_pref + ARRAY_SIZE(sd_modes_by_pref);\
+            mwt++) \
+               if (caps & MMC_CAP(mwt->mode))
+
+static int sd_select_mode_and_width(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       uint widths[] = {MMC_MODE_4BIT, MMC_MODE_1BIT};
+       const struct mode_width_tuning *mwt;
+
+       err = sd_get_capabilities(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
+       mmc->card_caps &= (mmc->cfg->host_caps | MMC_MODE_1BIT);
+
+       for_each_sd_mode_by_pref(mmc->card_caps, mwt) {
+               uint *w;
+
+               for (w = widths; w < widths + ARRAY_SIZE(widths); w++) {
+                       if (*w & mmc->card_caps & mwt->widths) {
+                               debug("trying mode %s width %d (at %d MHz)\n",
+                                     mmc_mode_name(mwt->mode),
+                                     bus_width(*w),
+                                     mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mwt->mode) / 1000000);
+
+                               /* configure the bus width (card + host) */
+                               err = sd_select_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(*w));
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+                               mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(*w));
+
+                               /* configure the bus mode (card) */
+                               err = sd_set_card_speed(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+
+                               /* configure the bus mode (host) */
+                               mmc_select_mode(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                               mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+
+                               err = sd_read_ssr(mmc);
+                               if (!err)
+                                       return 0;
+
+                               printf("bad ssr\n");
+
+error:
+                               /* revert to a safer bus speed */
+                               mmc_select_mode(mmc, SD_LEGACY);
+                               mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       printf("unable to select a mode\n");
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read the compare the part of ext csd that is constant.
+ * This can be used to check that the transfer is working
+ * as expected.
+ */
+static int mmc_read_and_compare_ext_csd(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       const u8 *ext_csd = mmc->ext_csd;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       /* Only compare read only fields */
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] &&
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
+               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] &&
+           memcmp(&ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT],
+                  &test_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT], 4) == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       return -EBADMSG;
+}
+
+static const struct mode_width_tuning mmc_modes_by_pref[] = {
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS_200,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_DDR_52,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS_52,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_HS,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       },
+       {
+               .mode = MMC_LEGACY,
+               .widths = MMC_MODE_8BIT | MMC_MODE_4BIT | MMC_MODE_1BIT,
+       }
+};
+
+#define for_each_mmc_mode_by_pref(caps, mwt) \
+       for (mwt = mmc_modes_by_pref;\
+           mwt < mmc_modes_by_pref + ARRAY_SIZE(mmc_modes_by_pref);\
+           mwt++) \
+               if (caps & MMC_CAP(mwt->mode))
+
+static const struct ext_csd_bus_width {
+       uint cap;
+       bool is_ddr;
+       uint ext_csd_bits;
+} ext_csd_bus_width[] = {
+       {MMC_MODE_8BIT, true, EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8},
+       {MMC_MODE_4BIT, true, EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4},
+       {MMC_MODE_8BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8},
+       {MMC_MODE_4BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4},
+       {MMC_MODE_1BIT, false, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1},
+};
+
+#define for_each_supported_width(caps, ddr, ecbv) \
+       for (ecbv = ext_csd_bus_width;\
+           ecbv < ext_csd_bus_width + ARRAY_SIZE(ext_csd_bus_width);\
+           ecbv++) \
+               if ((ddr == ecbv->is_ddr) && (caps & ecbv->cap))
+
+static int mmc_select_mode_and_width(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       const struct mode_width_tuning *mwt;
+       const struct ext_csd_bus_width *ecbw;
+
+       err = mmc_get_capabilities(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
+       mmc->card_caps &= (mmc->cfg->host_caps | MMC_MODE_1BIT);
+
+       /* Only version 4 of MMC supports wider bus widths */
+       if (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!mmc->ext_csd) {
+               debug("No ext_csd found!\n"); /* this should enver happen */
+               return -ENOTSUPP;
+       }
+
+       for_each_mmc_mode_by_pref(mmc->card_caps, mwt) {
+               for_each_supported_width(mmc->card_caps & mwt->widths,
+                                        mmc_is_mode_ddr(mwt->mode), ecbw) {
+                       debug("trying mode %s width %d (at %d MHz)\n",
+                             mmc_mode_name(mwt->mode),
+                             bus_width(ecbw->cap),
+                             mmc_mode2freq(mmc, mwt->mode) / 1000000);
+                       /* configure the bus width (card + host) */
+                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                   EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH,
+                                   ecbw->ext_csd_bits & ~EXT_CSD_DDR_FLAG);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto error;
+                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, bus_width(ecbw->cap));
+
+                       /* configure the bus speed (card) */
+                       err = mmc_set_card_speed(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                       if (err)
+                               goto error;
+
+                       /*
+                        * configure the bus width AND the ddr mode (card)
+                        * The host side will be taken care of in the next step
+                        */
+                       if (ecbw->ext_csd_bits & EXT_CSD_DDR_FLAG) {
+                               err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                                EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH,
+                                                ecbw->ext_csd_bits);
+                               if (err)
+                                       goto error;
+                       }
+
+                       /* configure the bus mode (host) */
+                       mmc_select_mode(mmc, mwt->mode);
+                       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed, false);
+
+                       /* do a transfer to check the configuration */
+                       err = mmc_read_and_compare_ext_csd(mmc);
+                       if (!err)
+                               return 0;
+error:
+                       /* if an error occured, revert to a safer bus mode */
+                       mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                  EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH, EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1);
+                       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
+                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       printf("unable to select a mode\n");
+
+       return -ENOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static int mmc_startup_v4(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err, i;
+       u64 capacity;
+       bool has_parts = false;
+       bool part_completed;
+       u8 *ext_csd;
+
+       if (IS_SD(mmc) || (mmc->version < MMC_VERSION_4))
+               return 0;
+
+       ext_csd = malloc_cache_aligned(MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+       if (!ext_csd)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       mmc->ext_csd = ext_csd;
+
+       /* check  ext_csd version and capacity */
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] >= 2) {
+               /*
+                * According to the JEDEC Standard, the value of
+                * ext_csd's capacity is valid if the value is more
+                * than 2GB
+                */
+               capacity = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT] << 0
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16
+                               | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24;
+               capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+               if ((capacity >> 20) > 2 * 1024)
+                       mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
+       }
+
+       switch (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]) {
+       case 1:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_1;
+               break;
+       case 2:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_2;
+               break;
+       case 3:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_3;
+               break;
+       case 5:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_41;
+               break;
+       case 6:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_5;
+               break;
+       case 7:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_0;
+               break;
+       case 8:
+               mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_1;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* The partition data may be non-zero but it is only
+        * effective if PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED is set in
+        * EXT_CSD, so ignore any data if this bit is not set,
+        * except for enabling the high-capacity group size
+        * definition (see below).
+        */
+       part_completed = !!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING] &
+                           EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED);
+
+       /* store the partition info of emmc */
+       mmc->part_support = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT];
+       if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) ||
+           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT])
+               mmc->part_config = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PART_CONF];
+       if (part_completed &&
+           (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & ENHNCD_SUPPORT))
+               mmc->part_attr = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE];
+
+       mmc->capacity_boot = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT] << 17;
+
+       mmc->capacity_rpmb = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_RPMB_MULT] << 17;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+               int idx = EXT_CSD_GP_SIZE_MULT + i * 3;
+               uint mult = (ext_csd[idx + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[idx + 1] << 8) + ext_csd[idx];
+               if (mult)
+                       has_parts = true;
+               if (!part_completed)
+                       continue;
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] = mult;
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] *=
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->capacity_gp[i] <<= 19;
+       }
+
+       if (part_completed) {
+               mmc->enh_user_size =
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT + 1] << 8) +
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT];
+               mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+               mmc->enh_user_size <<= 19;
+               mmc->enh_user_start =
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 3] << 24) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 2] << 16) +
+                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR + 1] << 8) +
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR];
+               if (mmc->high_capacity)
+                       mmc->enh_user_start <<= 9;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Host needs to enable ERASE_GRP_DEF bit if device is
+        * partitioned. This bit will be lost every time after a reset
+        * or power off. This will affect erase size.
+        */
+       if (part_completed)
+               has_parts = true;
+       if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) &&
+           (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE] & PART_ENH_ATTRIB))
+               has_parts = true;
+       if (has_parts) {
+               err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
+                                EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF, 1);
+
+               if (err)
+                       return err;
+
+               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] & 0x01) {
+               /* Read out group size from ext_csd */
+               mmc->erase_grp_size =
+                       ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] * 1024;
+               /*
+                * if high capacity and partition setting completed
+                * SEC_COUNT is valid even if it is smaller than 2 GiB
+                * JEDEC Standard JESD84-B45, 6.2.4
+                */
+               if (mmc->high_capacity && part_completed) {
+                       capacity = (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT]) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16) |
+                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24);
+                       capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
+                       mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* Calculate the group size from the csd value. */
+               int erase_gsz, erase_gmul;
+
+               erase_gsz = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x00007c00) >> 10;
+               erase_gmul = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x000003e0) >> 5;
+               mmc->erase_grp_size = (erase_gsz + 1)
+                       * (erase_gmul + 1);
+       }
+
+       mmc->hc_wp_grp_size = 1024
+               * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
+               * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
+
+       mmc->wr_rel_set = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_WR_REL_SET];
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int err, i;
        uint mult, freq;
-       u64 cmult, csize, capacity;
+       u64 cmult, csize;
        struct mmc_cmd cmd;
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, test_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
-       int timeout = 1000;
-       bool has_parts = false;
-       bool part_completed;
        struct blk_desc *bdesc;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MMC_SPI_CRC_ON
@@ -1065,9 +1726,6 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
 
-       /* Waiting for the ready status */
-       mmc_send_status(mmc, timeout);
-
        if (err)
                return err;
 
@@ -1105,7 +1763,8 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
        freq = fbase[(cmd.response[0] & 0x7)];
        mult = multipliers[((cmd.response[0] >> 3) & 0xf)];
 
-       mmc->tran_speed = freq * mult;
+       mmc->legacy_speed = freq * mult;
+       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
 
        mmc->dsr_imp = ((cmd.response[1] >> 12) & 0x1);
        mmc->read_bl_len = 1 << ((cmd.response[1] >> 16) & 0xf);
@@ -1162,288 +1821,23 @@ static int mmc_startup(struct mmc *mmc)
         */
        mmc->erase_grp_size = 1;
        mmc->part_config = MMCPART_NOAVAILABLE;
-       if (!IS_SD(mmc) && (mmc->version >= MMC_VERSION_4)) {
-               /* check  ext_csd version and capacity */
-               err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
-               if (err)
-                       return err;
-               if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] >= 2) {
-                       /*
-                        * According to the JEDEC Standard, the value of
-                        * ext_csd's capacity is valid if the value is more
-                        * than 2GB
-                        */
-                       capacity = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT] << 0
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16
-                                       | ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24;
-                       capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
-                       if ((capacity >> 20) > 2 * 1024)
-                               mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
-               }
-
-               switch (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]) {
-               case 1:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_1;
-                       break;
-               case 2:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_2;
-                       break;
-               case 3:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_3;
-                       break;
-               case 5:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_41;
-                       break;
-               case 6:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_4_5;
-                       break;
-               case 7:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_0;
-                       break;
-               case 8:
-                       mmc->version = MMC_VERSION_5_1;
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               /* The partition data may be non-zero but it is only
-                * effective if PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED is set in
-                * EXT_CSD, so ignore any data if this bit is not set,
-                * except for enabling the high-capacity group size
-                * definition (see below). */
-               part_completed = !!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING] &
-                                   EXT_CSD_PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED);
-
-               /* store the partition info of emmc */
-               mmc->part_support = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT];
-               if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) ||
-                   ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT])
-                       mmc->part_config = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PART_CONF];
-               if (part_completed &&
-                   (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & ENHNCD_SUPPORT))
-                       mmc->part_attr = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE];
-
-               mmc->capacity_boot = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BOOT_MULT] << 17;
-
-               mmc->capacity_rpmb = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_RPMB_MULT] << 17;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                       int idx = EXT_CSD_GP_SIZE_MULT + i * 3;
-                       uint mult = (ext_csd[idx + 2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[idx + 1] << 8) + ext_csd[idx];
-                       if (mult)
-                               has_parts = true;
-                       if (!part_completed)
-                               continue;
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] = mult;
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] *=
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->capacity_gp[i] <<= 19;
-               }
 
-               if (part_completed) {
-                       mmc->enh_user_size =
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT+2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT+1] << 8) +
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_SIZE_MULT];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size *= ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-                       mmc->enh_user_size <<= 19;
-                       mmc->enh_user_start =
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+3] << 24) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+2] << 16) +
-                               (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR+1] << 8) +
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ENH_START_ADDR];
-                       if (mmc->high_capacity)
-                               mmc->enh_user_start <<= 9;
-               }
-
-               /*
-                * Host needs to enable ERASE_GRP_DEF bit if device is
-                * partitioned. This bit will be lost every time after a reset
-                * or power off. This will affect erase size.
-                */
-               if (part_completed)
-                       has_parts = true;
-               if ((ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] & PART_SUPPORT) &&
-                   (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE] & PART_ENH_ATTRIB))
-                       has_parts = true;
-               if (has_parts) {
-                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
-                               EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF, 1);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-                       else
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] = 1;
-               }
-
-               if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_ERASE_GROUP_DEF] & 0x01) {
-                       /* Read out group size from ext_csd */
-                       mmc->erase_grp_size =
-                               ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] * 1024;
-                       /*
-                        * if high capacity and partition setting completed
-                        * SEC_COUNT is valid even if it is smaller than 2 GiB
-                        * JEDEC Standard JESD84-B45, 6.2.4
-                        */
-                       if (mmc->high_capacity && part_completed) {
-                               capacity = (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT]) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 1] << 8) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 2] << 16) |
-                                       (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT + 3] << 24);
-                               capacity *= MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN;
-                               mmc->capacity_user = capacity;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       /* Calculate the group size from the csd value. */
-                       int erase_gsz, erase_gmul;
-                       erase_gsz = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x00007c00) >> 10;
-                       erase_gmul = (mmc->csd[2] & 0x000003e0) >> 5;
-                       mmc->erase_grp_size = (erase_gsz + 1)
-                               * (erase_gmul + 1);
-               }
-
-               mmc->hc_wp_grp_size = 1024
-                       * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
-                       * ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE];
-
-               mmc->wr_rel_set = ext_csd[EXT_CSD_WR_REL_SET];
-       }
+       err = mmc_startup_v4(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
        err = mmc_set_capacity(mmc, mmc_get_blk_desc(mmc)->hwpart);
        if (err)
                return err;
 
        if (IS_SD(mmc))
-               err = sd_change_freq(mmc);
+               err = sd_select_mode_and_width(mmc);
        else
-               err = mmc_change_freq(mmc);
+               err = mmc_select_mode_and_width(mmc);
 
        if (err)
                return err;
 
-       /* Restrict card's capabilities by what the host can do */
-       mmc->card_caps &= mmc->cfg->host_caps;
-
-       if (IS_SD(mmc)) {
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_4BIT) {
-                       cmd.cmdidx = MMC_CMD_APP_CMD;
-                       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
-                       cmd.cmdarg = mmc->rca << 16;
-
-                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-
-                       cmd.cmdidx = SD_CMD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH;
-                       cmd.resp_type = MMC_RSP_R1;
-                       cmd.cmdarg = 2;
-                       err = mmc_send_cmd(mmc, &cmd, NULL);
-                       if (err)
-                               return err;
-
-                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 4);
-               }
-
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS)
-                       mmc->tran_speed = 50000000;
-               else
-                       mmc->tran_speed = 25000000;
-       } else if (mmc->version >= MMC_VERSION_4) {
-               /* Only version 4 of MMC supports wider bus widths */
-               int idx;
-
-               /* An array of possible bus widths in order of preference */
-               static unsigned ext_csd_bits[] = {
-                       EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8,
-                       EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4,
-                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1,
-               };
-
-               /* An array to map CSD bus widths to host cap bits */
-               static unsigned ext_to_hostcaps[] = {
-                       [EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_4] =
-                               MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz | MMC_MODE_4BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_DDR_BUS_WIDTH_8] =
-                               MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz | MMC_MODE_8BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_4] = MMC_MODE_4BIT,
-                       [EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_8] = MMC_MODE_8BIT,
-               };
-
-               /* An array to map chosen bus width to an integer */
-               static unsigned widths[] = {
-                       8, 4, 8, 4, 1,
-               };
-
-               for (idx=0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(ext_csd_bits); idx++) {
-                       unsigned int extw = ext_csd_bits[idx];
-                       unsigned int caps = ext_to_hostcaps[extw];
-
-                       /*
-                        * If the bus width is still not changed,
-                        * don't try to set the default again.
-                        * Otherwise, recover from switch attempts
-                        * by switching to 1-bit bus width.
-                        */
-                       if (extw == EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH_1 &&
-                                       mmc->bus_width == 1) {
-                               err = 0;
-                               break;
-                       }
-
-                       /*
-                        * Check to make sure the card and controller support
-                        * these capabilities
-                        */
-                       if ((mmc->card_caps & caps) != caps)
-                               continue;
-
-                       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
-                                       EXT_CSD_BUS_WIDTH, extw);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               continue;
-
-                       mmc->ddr_mode = (caps & MMC_MODE_DDR_52MHz) ? 1 : 0;
-                       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, widths[idx]);
-
-                       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, test_csd);
-
-                       if (err)
-                               continue;
-
-                       /* Only compare read only fields */
-                       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_PARTITIONING_SUPPORT] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_WP_GRP_SIZE] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_REV]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_REV] &&
-                           ext_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE]
-                               == test_csd[EXT_CSD_HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE] &&
-                           memcmp(&ext_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT],
-                                  &test_csd[EXT_CSD_SEC_CNT], 4) == 0)
-                               break;
-                       else
-                               err = SWITCH_ERR;
-               }
-
-               if (err)
-                       return err;
-
-               if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS) {
-                       if (mmc->card_caps & MMC_MODE_HS_52MHz)
-                               mmc->tran_speed = 52000000;
-                       else
-                               mmc->tran_speed = 26000000;
-               }
-       }
-
-       mmc_set_clock(mmc, mmc->tran_speed);
 
        /* Fix the block length for DDR mode */
        if (mmc->ddr_mode) {
@@ -1499,17 +1893,111 @@ static int mmc_send_if_cond(struct mmc *mmc)
                return err;
 
        if ((cmd.response[0] & 0xff) != 0xaa)
-               return UNUSABLE_ERR;
+               return -EOPNOTSUPP;
        else
                mmc->version = SD_VERSION_2;
 
        return 0;
 }
 
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 /* board-specific MMC power initializations. */
 __weak void board_mmc_power_init(void)
 {
 }
+#endif
+
+static int mmc_power_init(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = device_get_supply_regulator(mmc->dev, "vmmc-supply",
+                                         &mmc->vmmc_supply);
+       if (ret)
+               debug("%s: No vmmc supply\n", mmc->dev->name);
+
+       ret = device_get_supply_regulator(mmc->dev, "vqmmc-supply",
+                                         &mmc->vqmmc_supply);
+       if (ret)
+               debug("%s: No vqmmc supply\n", mmc->dev->name);
+#endif
+#else /* !CONFIG_DM_MMC */
+       /*
+        * Driver model should use a regulator, as above, rather than calling
+        * out to board code.
+        */
+       board_mmc_power_init();
+#endif
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * put the host in the initial state:
+ * - turn on Vdd (card power supply)
+ * - configure the bus width and clock to minimal values
+ */
+static void mmc_set_initial_state(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+
+       /* First try to set 3.3V. If it fails set to 1.8V */
+       err = mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_330);
+       if (err != 0)
+               err = mmc_set_signal_voltage(mmc, MMC_SIGNAL_VOLTAGE_180);
+       if (err != 0)
+               printf("mmc: failed to set signal voltage\n");
+
+       mmc_select_mode(mmc, MMC_LEGACY);
+       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
+       mmc_set_clock(mmc, 0, false);
+}
+
+static int mmc_power_on(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC) && CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
+       if (mmc->vmmc_supply) {
+               int ret = regulator_set_enable(mmc->vmmc_supply, true);
+
+               if (ret) {
+                       puts("Error enabling VMMC supply\n");
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int mmc_power_off(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC) && CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_REGULATOR)
+       if (mmc->vmmc_supply) {
+               int ret = regulator_set_enable(mmc->vmmc_supply, false);
+
+               if (ret) {
+                       puts("Error disabling VMMC supply\n");
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int mmc_power_cycle(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = mmc_power_off(mmc);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+       /*
+        * SD spec recommends at least 1ms of delay. Let's wait for 2ms
+        * to be on the safer side.
+        */
+       udelay(2000);
+       return mmc_power_on(mmc);
+}
 
 int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
@@ -1518,7 +2006,7 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        /* we pretend there's no card when init is NULL */
        no_card = mmc_getcd(mmc) == 0;
-#ifndef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        no_card = no_card || (mmc->cfg->ops->init == NULL);
 #endif
        if (no_card) {
@@ -1526,7 +2014,7 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
                printf("MMC: no card present\n");
 #endif
-               return NO_CARD_ERR;
+               return -ENOMEDIUM;
        }
 
        if (mmc->has_init)
@@ -1535,9 +2023,15 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 #ifdef CONFIG_FSL_ESDHC_ADAPTER_IDENT
        mmc_adapter_card_type_ident();
 #endif
-       board_mmc_power_init();
+       err = mmc_power_init(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
+
+       err = mmc_power_on(mmc);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_DM_MMC_OPS
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        /* The device has already been probed ready for use */
 #else
        /* made sure it's not NULL earlier */
@@ -1546,8 +2040,9 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
                return err;
 #endif
        mmc->ddr_mode = 0;
-       mmc_set_bus_width(mmc, 1);
-       mmc_set_clock(mmc, 1);
+
+       mmc_set_initial_state(mmc);
+       mmc_send_init_stream(mmc);
 
        /* Reset the Card */
        err = mmc_go_idle(mmc);
@@ -1565,14 +2060,14 @@ int mmc_start_init(struct mmc *mmc)
        err = sd_send_op_cond(mmc);
 
        /* If the command timed out, we check for an MMC card */
-       if (err == TIMEOUT) {
+       if (err == -ETIMEDOUT) {
                err = mmc_send_op_cond(mmc);
 
                if (err) {
 #if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_LIBCOMMON_SUPPORT)
                        printf("Card did not respond to voltage select!\n");
 #endif
-                       return UNUSABLE_ERR;
+                       return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                }
        }
 
@@ -1602,8 +2097,8 @@ static int mmc_complete_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 int mmc_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 {
        int err = 0;
-       unsigned start;
-#ifdef CONFIG_DM_MMC
+       __maybe_unused unsigned start;
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
        struct mmc_uclass_priv *upriv = dev_get_uclass_priv(mmc->dev);
 
        upriv->mmc = mmc;
@@ -1618,7 +2113,9 @@ int mmc_init(struct mmc *mmc)
 
        if (!err)
                err = mmc_complete_init(mmc);
-       debug("%s: %d, time %lu\n", __func__, err, get_timer(start));
+       if (err)
+               printf("%s: %d, time %lu\n", __func__, err, get_timer(start));
+
        return err;
 }
 
@@ -1645,12 +2142,12 @@ void mmc_set_preinit(struct mmc *mmc, int preinit)
        mmc->preinit = preinit;
 }
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_DM_MMC) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
+#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
 static int mmc_probe(bd_t *bis)
 {
        return 0;
 }
-#elif defined(CONFIG_DM_MMC)
+#elif CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(DM_MMC)
 static int mmc_probe(bd_t *bis)
 {
        int ret, i;
@@ -1697,8 +2194,10 @@ int mmc_initialize(bd_t *bis)
                return 0;
        initialized = 1;
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_BLK
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLK)
+#if !CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MMC_TINY)
        mmc_list_init();
+#endif
 #endif
        ret = mmc_probe(bis);
        if (ret)
@@ -1711,3 +2210,37 @@ int mmc_initialize(bd_t *bis)
        mmc_do_preinit();
        return 0;
 }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_BKOPS_ENABLE
+int mmc_set_bkops_enable(struct mmc *mmc)
+{
+       int err;
+       ALLOC_CACHE_ALIGN_BUFFER(u8, ext_csd, MMC_MAX_BLOCK_LEN);
+
+       err = mmc_send_ext_csd(mmc, ext_csd);
+       if (err) {
+               puts("Could not get ext_csd register values\n");
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       if (!(ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BKOPS_SUPPORT] & 0x1)) {
+               puts("Background operations not supported on device\n");
+               return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+       }
+
+       if (ext_csd[EXT_CSD_BKOPS_EN] & 0x1) {
+               puts("Background operations already enabled\n");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       err = mmc_switch(mmc, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL, EXT_CSD_BKOPS_EN, 1);
+       if (err) {
+               puts("Failed to enable manual background operations\n");
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       puts("Enabled manual background operations\n");
+
+       return 0;
+}
+#endif