args() { printf '<%s> ' "$@"; echo; }

set -- 1 2 3 4 5

args "${@} ${1}"
args "${1} ${@}"
args "${1}${@}${1}"
args "${1} ${@} ${1}"
args ${1}"$@"${1}
args "$@"${1}
args ${1}"$@"

args "$@""${1}"
args "${1}""$@"

args "${@}foo"
args ${@}${1}
args ${@}foo

IFS=
args "$@""${1}"
args "${1}""$@"

args ${@}${1}
args ${1}${@}
args ${@}foo

echo second set:
IFS=$' \t\n'
set -- '1 2' 3 4 5

args "${@} ${1}"
args "${1} ${@}"

args "${1}${@}${1}"
args "${1} ${@} ${1}"
args ${1}"$@"${1}
args "$@"${1}
args ${1}"$@"

args "$@""${1}"
args "${1}""$@"

args "${@}foo"
args ${@}${1}
args ${@}foo

IFS=

args "$@""${1}"
args "${1}""$@"

args ${@}${1}
args ${1}${@}
args ${@}foo

echo third set:
IFS=$' \t\n'

alias declare=typeset

a(){ echo
     echo '"${@:2}a3 a2" a$1    #works as long as $1 and 3 are swapped'
     echo  "${@:2}a3 a2" a$1
           "${@:2}a3 a2" a$1
     echo   $?
        a=("${@}");}
b(){ echo
     echo '"${@:2}b$1 b2" b3    #fails!  why?'
     echo  "${@:2}b$1 b2" b3
           "${@:2}b$1 b2" b3
     echo   $?
        b=("${@}");}
c(){ echo
     echo  '${@:2}c$1 c2 c3     #works as long as quoting omitted'
     echo   ${@:2}c$1 c2 c3
            ${@:2}c$1 c2 c3
     echo   $?
        c=("${@}");}
a x set y z;declare -p a
b x set y z;declare -p b
c x set y z;declare -p c