+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
+ strerror error text if the call changes errno.
+
+b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
+ trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
+
+c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
+ individual words within a variable's value.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
+ interactive shell.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
+ read.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
+ shell.
+
+g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
+ in the format string on 64-bit systems.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
+ appeared in $IFS.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
+ when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
+ capped at 100%.
+
+l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
+ of Posix shell standardization working group.
+
+m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
+ be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
+ certain circumstances.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
+ history expansion.
+
+b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
+ signal handler.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
-and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
1. Changes to Bash
41. Beginning with bash-4.0, when one of the commands in a pipeline is killed
by a SIGINT while executing a command list, the shell acts as if it
received the interrupt.
+
+42. Bash-4.0 changes the handling of the set -e option so that the shell exits
+ if a pipeline fails (and not just if the last command in the failing
+ pipeline is a simple command). This is not as Posix specifies. There is
+ work underway to update this portion of the standard; the bash-4.0
+ behavior attempts to capture the consensus at the time of release.
string. Fixes bug reported by os@sernet.de.
[bash-4.0-rc1 frozen]
+
+ 1/9
+ ---
+locale.c
+ - since setlocale() doesn't set errno to anything meaningful,
+ don't include the strerror() result in the error message if
+ it fails
+ - make sure the error messages printed when setlocale fails are
+ localizable
+
+ 1/11
+ ----
+lib/readline/histexpand.c
+ - make sure that every time history_no_expand_chars is tested, we
+ also call the history_inhibit_expansion_function if it's set.
+ Fixes bug reported by Yang Zhang <yanghatespam@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/12
+ ----
+trap.c
+ - make sure to call parse_and_execute with the SEVAL_RESETLINE bit
+ set in the flags so it will reset the line number when running
+ the trap commands. Partial fix for bug reported by
+ peter360@fastmail.us
+
+ 1/14
+ ----
+builtins/reserved.def
+ - document `coproc' so it can be used with `help' builtin. Pointed
+ out by Pierre Gaston <pgas@freeshell.org>
+
+lib/sh/casemod.c
+ - added two new flags: CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST to casemod
+ the first character of the passed string and pass the rest
+ through unchanged. Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera
+ <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+externs.h
+ - new defines for CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST
+
+subst.c
+ - use CASE_UPFIRST for ^ and CASE_LOWFIRST for , casemod operators
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+ - call zreset() before calling first zgetline(), to clean out any
+ remaining data in local buffer used by zreadc. Fixes bug
+ reported by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/15
+ ----
+lib/sh/zread.c
+ - renamed zreadintr to zreadretry -- not perfect, but better
+ - new functions: zreadintr, which just calls read so it can be
+ interruptible, and zreadcintr, which is like zreadc but uses
+ zreadintr to fill the buffer
+
+lib/sh/zgetline.c
+ - in zgetline, when zread/zreadc return <= 0, make sure line is
+ non-null before assigning to line[nr]
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+ - return an error right away if the supplied array variable name
+ refers to a readonly or noassign array
+ - set interrupt_immediately so calls to zgetline can be
+ interrupted. Fixes bug reported by Pierre Gaston
+ <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+ - if interactive, pass the SEVAL_INTERACT and SEVAL_NOHIST flags
+ to parse_and_execute when calling callbacks. Fixes bug reported
+ by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+ - add `readarray' as a synonym for mapfile
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document behavior of mapfile builtin adding index of array element
+ to be assigned as additional argument to callback string. Reported
+ by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+ - document readarray as synonym for mapfile
+
+builtins/common.c
+ - new error function, sh_ttyerror(set), prints an error message having
+ to do with setting or getting terminal attributes
+
+builtins/read.def
+ - print error message if read fails to set terminal attributes
+
+ 1/16
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - new function, coproc_reap, calls coproc_dispose if sh_coproc is
+ marked as COPROC_DEAD
+ - new function, cpl_reap, disposes coprocs marked as COPROC_DEAD
+ from coproc list
+ - change coproc_pidchk to just mark the coproc as dead instead of
+ calling coproc_dispose, so we don't call unsafe functions from
+ a signal handler. Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab
+ <schwab@suse.de>
+
+execute_cmd.h
+ - new extern declaration for coproc_reap
+
+command.h
+ - new flags for c_flags member of a struct coproc
+
+{jobs,nojobs}.c
+ - add call to coproc_reap in cleanup_dead_jobs, which will do the
+ right queueing or blocking of SIGCHLD
+
+trap.c
+ - modify change from 1/12 to not reset the line number when running
+ the DEBUG and RETURN traps
+
+ 1/18
+ ----
+lib/sh/casemod.c
+ - change default operations to work on entire passed string instead
+ of breaking into words at non-alpha-numerics. Use new
+ CASE_USEWORDS flag to enable by-word behavior. Fixes bug reported
+ by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+builtins/printf.def
+ - in vbprintf, bracket each call to vsnprintf (which uses the args
+ passed to vbprintf) with SH_VA_START and va_end, so we can
+ reninitialize the argument list for each call. This is actually
+ what the C standard requires. Fixes bug that caused printf -b
+ to `ignore' first % format specifier if it came first in the
+ string. Reported by David Leverton <levertond@googlemail.com>
+
+builtins/mapfile.def
+ - start the line count at 1, since it doesn't get incremented before
+ (or after) reading the first line, so things like
+ `mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C 'echo foo' array < file' work right and call
+ the callback after the first line is read. Fixes bug reported by
+ Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/22
+ ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - set _rl_interrupt_immediately non-zero before reading from the file
+ system or calling an application-defined completion function
+
+lib/readline/signals.c
+ - renamed rl_signal_handler to _rl_handle_signal; new version of
+ rl_signal_handler that just calls _rl_handle_signal (for now)
+ - new function _rl_signal_handler that calls _rl_handle_signal without
+ any checking
+
+lib/readline/rlprivate.h
+ - new extern declaration for _rl_signal_handler
+ - new define, RL_CHECK_SIGNALS, checks whether or not _rl_caught_signal
+ is set and calls _rl_signal_handler if so
+
+lib/readline/{bind,input,readline}.c
+ - add RL_CHECK_SIGNALS in appropriate places
+
+lib/readline/signals.c
+ - change rl_signal_handler to set a flag and return rather than
+ run through the entire signal handling process. If
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, call the signal handling code
+ right away instead of setting the flag. Initial fix for crash
+ bug reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
+
+aclocal.m4
+ - new macro, BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T, tests for sig_atomic_t in
+ <signal.h>, defines as int if not defined
+
+configure.in
+ - call BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
+ - call AC_C_VOLATILE
+
+config.h.in
+ - empty define for sig_atomic_t
+ - empty define for volatile
+
+ 1/27
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - audit calls to add_character and change to add_ifs_character (which
+ quotes characters in $IFS). Affects primarily `:', `=', and `~'.
+ Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>; fix
+ suggested by Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
+
+ 2/1
+ ---
+configure.in
+ - call AC_C_RESTRICT
+
+config.h.in
+ - add empty defintion for `restrict'
+
+pcomplete.c
+ - use unwind_protects around call to execute_shell_function in
+ gen_shell_function_matches to prevent data corruption if
+ throw_to_top_level is called. Bug report and fix from
+ werner@suse.de.
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - don't clamp CPU usage at 100% in print_formatted_time. Bug reported
+ by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
+
+ 2/5
+ ---
+locale.c
+ - in set_locale_var, set errno to 0 before calling setlocale(), and
+ print strerror (errno) if setlocale fails and errno ends up non-zero
+
+ 2/6
+ ---
+configure.in
+ - backed out of solaris change from 10/23/2008 (adding `-z interpose'
+ to LDFLAGS) due to solaris updates to fix a linker problem.
+ Updatted by Serge Dussud <Serge.Dussud@Sun.COM>
+
+ 2/12
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - change execute_connection so failure of a pipeline will cause the
+ shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion on austin-group
+ mailing list
+ - change execute_command_internal so failure of a user-specified
+ subshell will cause the shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion
+ on austin-group mailing list
+
+ 2/13
+ ----
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - clarified description of set -e option to accurately reflect current
+ implementation
+
+ 2/19
+ ----
+print_cmd.c
+ - fix print_deferred_heredocs to not print a space if the separator
+ string is null
+ - change print_deferred_heredocs to set `was_heredoc' after printing
+ something
+ - change connection printing code to only print the `;' separator
+ if we haven't just printed a here-document
+ - change connection printing code to print any deferred here
+ documents after the rhs of the connection. Fixes bug reported by
+ Bo Andresen <bo.andresen@zlin.dk>
+
+[bash-4.0 frozen]
AUTHORS f
Y2K f
configure.in f
-configure f
+configure f 755
Makefile.in f
config-top.h f
config-bot.h f
tests/glob.right f
tests/heredoc.tests f
tests/heredoc.right f
+tests/heredoc1.sub f
tests/herestr.tests f
tests/herestr.right f
tests/histexp.tests f
tests/mapfile.data f
tests/mapfile.right f
tests/mapfile.tests f
+tests/mapfile1.sub f
tests/more-exp.tests f
tests/more-exp.right f
tests/new-exp.tests f
tests/run-trap f
tests/run-type f
tests/run-varenv f
-tests/set-e-test f
+tests/set-e.tests f
+tests/set-e1.sub f
+tests/set-e2.sub f
tests/set-e.right f
tests/set-x.tests f
tests/set-x.right f
--- /dev/null
+#
+# Master Manifest file for documentation-only distribution
+#
+doc d
+MANIFEST.doc f
+doc/article.ps f
+doc/rose94.ps f
+doc/bash.ps f
+doc/bashbug.ps f
+doc/builtins.ps f
+doc/rbash.ps f
+doc/bashref.ps f
+doc/bashref.dvi f
+doc/bash.0 f
+doc/bashbug.0 f
+doc/builtins.0 f
+doc/rbash.0 f
+doc/article.txt f
+doc/bash.html f
+doc/bashref.html f
+doc/article.pdf f
+doc/bash.pdf f
+doc/bashref.pdf f
+doc/rose94.pdf f
and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
- given file.
+ given file. The name `readarray' is a synonym.
v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
respectively.
-cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
and standard error to the named file.
dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
fi
])
+AC_DEFUN(BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T,
+[AC_CACHE_CHECK([for sig_atomic_t in signal.h], ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t,
+[AC_TRY_LINK([
+#include <signal.h>
+],[ sig_atomic_t x; ],
+ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=yes, ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no)])
+if test "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" = "no"
+then
+ AC_CHECK_TYPE(sig_atomic_t,int)
+fi
+])
+
AC_DEFUN(BASH_FUNC_LSTAT,
[dnl Cannot use AC_CHECK_FUNCS(lstat) because Linux defines lstat() as an
dnl inline function in <sys/stat.h>.
append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf);
else
write_history (hf);
-
sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
}
}
builtin_error (_("write error: %s"), strerror (errno));
}
+void
+sh_ttyerror (set)
+ int set;
+{
+ if (set)
+ builtin_error (_("error setting terminal attributes: %s"), strerror (errno));
+ else
+ builtin_error (_("error getting terminal attributes: %s"), strerror (errno));
+}
+
int
sh_chkwrite (s)
int s;
extern void sh_restricted __P((char *));
extern void sh_notbuiltin __P((char *));
extern void sh_wrerror __P((void));
+extern void sh_ttyerror __P((int));
extern int sh_chkwrite __P((int));
extern char **make_builtin_argv __P((WORD_LIST *, int *));
global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && comsub_ignore_return)
-{
command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
-itrace("parse_and_execute: turned on CMD_IGNORE_RETURN from comsub_ignore_return");
-}
#if defined (ONESHOT)
/*
$BUILTIN mapfile
$FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
$SHORT_DOC mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
-Read lines from a file into an array variable.
+Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.
Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or from
file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE is
Arguments:
ARRAY Array variable name to use for file data.
-If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.
+If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When
+CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array
+element to be assigned as an additional argument.
If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before
assigning to it.
Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly.
$END
+$BUILTIN readarray
+$FUNCTION mapfile_builtin
+$SHORT_DOC readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
+Read lines from a file into an array variable.
+
+A synonym for `mapfile'.
+$END
+
#include <config.h>
#include "builtins.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "bashgetopt.h"
-
#if !defined (errno)
extern int errno;
#endif
{
unsigned int execlen;
char *execstr;
+ int flags;
execlen = strlen (callback) + 10;
/* 1 for space between %s and %d,
execlen += 2;
execstr = xmalloc (execlen);
+ flags = 0;
+#if 0
+ if (interactive)
+ flags |= SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_INTERACT;
+#endif
snprintf (execstr, execlen, "%s %d", callback, current_index);
- return parse_and_execute(execstr, NULL, 0);
+ return parse_and_execute(execstr, NULL, flags);
}
static void
here allows us to call bind_array_element instead of bind_array_variable
and skip the variable lookup on every call. */
entry = find_or_make_array_variable (array_name, 1);
- if (entry == 0)
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry) || noassign_p (entry))
+ {
+ if (readonly_p (entry))
+ err_readonly (array_name);
+
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
if (flags & MAPF_CLEARARRAY)
array_flush (array_cell (entry));
unbuffered_read = 1;
#endif
+ zreset ();
+
/* Skip any lines at beginning of file? */
for (line_count = 0; line_count < nskip; line_count++)
- zgetline(fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read);
+ if (zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) < 0)
+ break;
+
line = 0;
line_length = 0;
/* Reset the buffer for bash own stream */
- for (array_index = origin, line_count = 0;
- zgetline(fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) != -1;
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+ for (array_index = origin, line_count = 1;
+ zgetline (fd, &line, &line_length, unbuffered_read) != -1;
array_index++, line_count++)
{
/* Have we exceeded # of lines to store? */
- if (line_count_goal != 0 && line_count >= line_count_goal)
+ if (line_count_goal != 0 && line_count > line_count_goal)
break;
/* Remove trailing newlines? */
if (unbuffered_read == 0)
zsyncfd (fd);
+ interrupt_immediately--;
return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
}
SH_VA_START (args, format);
blen = vsnprintf (vbuf + vblen, vbsize - vblen, format, args);
+ va_end (args);
nlen = vblen + blen + 1;
if (nlen >= vbsize)
{
vbsize = ((nlen + 63) >> 6) << 6;
vbuf = (char *)xrealloc (vbuf, vbsize);
+ SH_VA_START (args, format);
blen = vsnprintf (vbuf + vblen, vbsize - vblen, format, args);
+ va_end (args);
}
- va_end (args);
vblen += blen;
vbuf[vblen] = '\0';
}
list = loptend;
- /* `read -t 0 var' returns failure immediately. XXX - should it test
- whether input is available with select/FIONREAD, and fail if those
- are unavailable? */
+ /* `read -t 0 var' tests whether input is available with select/FIONREAD,
+ and fails if those are unavailable */
if (have_timeout && tmsec == 0 && tmusec == 0)
#if 0
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
termsave.attrs = &ttattrs;
ttset = ttattrs;
- if (silent)
- ttfd_cbreak (fd, &ttset); /* ttcbreak () */
- else
- ttfd_onechar (fd, &ttset); /* ttonechar () */
+ i = silent ? ttfd_cbreak (fd, &ttset) : ttfd_onechar (fd, &ttset);
+ if (i < 0)
+ sh_ttyerror (1);
add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttyrestore, (char *)&termsave);
}
}
termsave.attrs = &ttattrs;
ttset = ttattrs;
- ttfd_noecho (fd, &ttset); /* ttnoecho (); */
+ i = ttfd_noecho (fd, &ttset); /* ttnoecho (); */
+ if (i < 0)
+ sh_ttyerror (1);
add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttyrestore, (char *)&termsave);
}
Returns the status of the last command executed.
$END
+$BUILTIN coproc
+$SHORT_DOC coproc [NAME] command [redirections]
+Create a coprocess named NAME.
+
+Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard
+input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned
+to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.
+The default NAME is "COPROC".
+
+Exit Status:
+Returns the exit status of COMMAND.
+$END
+
$BUILTIN function
$SHORT_DOC function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }
Define shell function.
COMMAND *command;
} SUBSHELL_COM;
+#define COPROC_RUNNING 0x01
+#define COPROC_DEAD 0x02
+
typedef struct coproc {
char *c_name;
pid_t c_pid;
#undef inline
+#undef restrict
+
+#undef volatile
+
/* Define if cpp supports the ANSI-C stringizing `#' operator */
#undef HAVE_STRINGIZE
/* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/socket.h> doesn't define. */
#undef socklen_t
+/* Define to `int' if <signal.h> doesn't define. */
+#undef sig_atomic_t
+
#undef HAVE_MBSTATE_T
/* Define if you have quad_t in <sys/types.h>. */
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.in for Bash 4.0, version 4.009.
+# From configure.in for Bash 4.0, version 4.013.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.0-rc1.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.0-release.
#
# Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
#
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='4.0-rc1'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.0-rc1'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='4.0-release'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.0-release'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
ac_unique_file="shell.h"
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 4.0-rc1 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 4.0-release to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.0-rc1:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.0-release:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 4.0-rc1
+bash configure 4.0-release
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 4.0-rc1, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 4.0-release, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
$ $0 $@
BASHVERS=4.0
-RELSTATUS=rc1
+RELSTATUS=release
case "$RELSTATUS" in
alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for working volatile" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for working volatile... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_c_volatile+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+
+volatile int x;
+int * volatile y = (int *) 0;
+return !x && !y;
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+ ac_cv_c_volatile=yes
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+ ac_cv_c_volatile=no
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_c_volatile" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_c_volatile" >&6; }
+if test $ac_cv_c_volatile = no; then
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
+#define volatile /**/
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for C/C++ restrict keyword" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for C/C++ restrict keyword... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_c_restrict+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ ac_cv_c_restrict=no
+ # The order here caters to the fact that C++ does not require restrict.
+ for ac_kw in __restrict __restrict__ _Restrict restrict; do
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+typedef int * int_ptr;
+ int foo (int_ptr $ac_kw ip) {
+ return ip[0];
+ }
+int
+main ()
+{
+int s[1];
+ int * $ac_kw t = s;
+ t[0] = 0;
+ return foo(t)
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+ ac_cv_c_restrict=$ac_kw
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+ test "$ac_cv_c_restrict" != no && break
+ done
+
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_c_restrict" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_c_restrict" >&6; }
+
+
+ case $ac_cv_c_restrict in
+ restrict) ;;
+ no) cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
+#define restrict /**/
+_ACEOF
+ ;;
+ *) cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define restrict $ac_cv_c_restrict
+_ACEOF
+ ;;
+ esac
+
MKINSTALLDIRS=
_ACEOF
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for sig_atomic_t in signal.h... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+ sig_atomic_t x;
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_link") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest$ac_exeext && {
+ test "$cross_compiling" = yes ||
+ $as_test_x conftest$ac_exeext
+ }; then
+ ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=yes
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+ ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t=no
+fi
+
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo \
+ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" >&6; }
+if test "$ac_cv_have_sig_atomic_t" = "no"
+then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for sig_atomic_t... " >&6; }
+if test "${ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=no
+cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+$ac_includes_default
+int
+main ()
+{
+if (sizeof (sig_atomic_t))
+ return 0;
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+$ac_includes_default
+int
+main ()
+{
+if (sizeof ((sig_atomic_t)))
+ return 0;
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_compile"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_compile") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest.$ac_objext; then
+ :
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+ ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t=yes
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+
+fi
+
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" >&6; }
+if test "x$ac_cv_type_sig_atomic_t" = x""yes; then
+ :
+else
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define sig_atomic_t int
+_ACEOF
+
+fi
+
+fi
+
# The cast to long int works around a bug in the HP C Compiler
# version HP92453-01 B.11.11.23709.GP, which incorrectly rejects
sco3.2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
sunos4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
solaris2.5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
+solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
+solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
+solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
solaris2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
lynxos*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.0-rc1, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.0-release, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 4.0-rc1
+bash config.status 4.0-release
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63,
with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.0, version 4.009])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.0, version 4.013])dnl
define(bashvers, 4.0)
-define(relstatus, rc1)
+define(relstatus, release)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
AC_C_LONG_DOUBLE
AC_C_PROTOTYPES
AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
+AC_C_VOLATILE
+AC_C_RESTRICT
dnl initialize GNU gettext
AM_GNU_GETTEXT([no-libtool], [need-ngettext], [lib/intl])
BASH_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG
AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
+BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)
AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(short, 2)
sco3.2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
sunos4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
solaris2.5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
-solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS LOCAL_LDFLAGS='-z interpose' ;;
+solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
+solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
+solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
solaris2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
lynxos*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
-This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.36, for Bash version 3.2.
+This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.01, for Bash version 4.0.
This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
Section B: The latest version
-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
- bash-2.05b?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0,
+ bash-3.2, and bash-2.05b?
Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
A2) What's the latest version?
-The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
+The latest version is 4.0, first made available on 20 February, 2009.
A3) Where can I get it?
Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
-The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
+The following URLs tell how to get version 4.0:
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0-patches/
A4) On what machines will bash run?
Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
-ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
-are available as part of their current release. Bash-3.2 is currently
-being tested and should be available soon.
+ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.2 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
+are available as part of their current release.
Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
build and run under CYGWIN.
Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
-with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
+with building bash-4.0, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
Section B: The latest version
-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?
-Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
-bash. It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
-page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
-bash-3.2 distribution).
+Bash-4.0 is the fourth major release of bash. There are numerous new features,
+some experimental. Depending on community reception, the experimental
+features will evolve.
+
+Bash-4.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
+complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.0
+distribution):
+
+o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+o There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+o There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+o There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+o The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+o The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+o Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+o The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+o The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+o There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+o The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+o A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+o There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+o The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+o There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file.
+
+o If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+o The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+o Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+o There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+o The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+o There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+o The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+o The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+o There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+o The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+o The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+o There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+o A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+ input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+o CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+ mode.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+ which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+ and honor shell quoting.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+ which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+ as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
+
+Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
-A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
-
Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
lots of code now smaller and faster
test suite greatly expanded
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
- bash-2.05b?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0, bash-3.2,
+ and bash-2.05b?
-There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
+There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.0 and version 3.2.
They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
- variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
+ variables: BASH, BASHPID, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
- auto_resume
+ auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
DEBUG trap
ERR trap
variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
- redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+ redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
auto-export of variables in initial environment
command search finds functions before builtins
bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
- read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
+ read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i,
readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
- printf
+ printf, compopt, mapfile
exported functions
filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
RETURN trap
the `+=' assignment operator
-
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
Things sh has that bash does not:
uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
- variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
+ variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
- GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume
+ GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
- redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+ redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
-o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
-h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
- shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
+ shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile
`!' csh-style history expansion
POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
Timestamps in history entries
{x..y} brace expansion
The `+=' assignment operator
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
tracked aliases (alias -t)
variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
- co-processes (|&, >&p, <&p)
+ co-processes (bash uses different syntax)
weirdly-scoped functions
typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
text of command history kept in a file, not memory
builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print,
read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
-o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
- typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-l/-u/-t, whence
+ typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence
using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
-New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
- associative arrays
+This list is current through ksh93t (11/04/2008)
+
+New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
floating point arithmetic and variables
math library functions
${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
`.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
more extensive compound assignment syntax
discipline functions
- `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
- typeset -n and `nameref' variables
KEYBD trap
variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
.sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
- `&' operator in pattern lists for matching
- print -f (bash uses printf)
- `fc' has been renamed to `hist'
- `.' can execute shell functions
+ `&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any)
exit statuses between 0 and 255
FPATH and PATH mixing
- getopts -a
- -I invocation option
- printf %H, %P, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d
lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
-
-New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
+ $'' \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence
+ -C/-I invocation options
+ print -f (bash uses printf)
+ `fc' has been renamed to `hist'
+ `.' can execute shell functions
+ getopts -a
+ printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
+ read -N (read -n differs, too)/-v
+ set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
+ `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
+ typeset -n and `nameref' variables
+ typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
+ experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
+ negative subscripts for indexed array variables
+ array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]}
+ associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
+ command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
+ new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
+ new >;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
+ redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
+ brace expansion printf-like formats
+
+New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.0:
+ associative arrays
[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
compound array assignment
the `!' reserved word
loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
- `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
new $'...' and $"..." quoting
FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
- set -o notify/-C
+ brace expansion and set -B
changes to kill builtin
+ `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
+ echo -e
+ exec -c/-a
read -A (bash uses read -a)
read -t/-d
trap -p
- exec -c/-a
`.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
+ set -o notify/-C
+ set -o pipefail
+ set -G (-o globstar) and **
POSIX.2 `test'
umask -S
unalias -a
command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
- command name completion
+ command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions
ENV processed only for interactive shells
- set -o pipefail
The `+=' assignment operator
+ the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
+ csh-style history expansion and set -H
+ negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}
Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
may contain whitespace. The first problem may be solved by using backslashes
or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns.
+Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled,
+bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
+the =~ operator.
+
Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
-Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-3.0)
-associative arrays
-co-processes, but with a new-style syntax that looks like function declaration
+Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0)
H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?
H5) When will the next release appear?
-The next version will appear sometime in 2007. Never make predictions.
+The next version will appear sometime in 2009. Never make predictions.
-This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
+This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey.
Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
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+(ariable is retained for backw)-.25 F .493(ards compati-)-.1 F(bility)72
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+(no)2.696 E 2.696(wi)-.25 G .196(ncludes an indication of the patch le)
+-2.696 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.696(la).15 G(s)-2.696 E .85(well as the \231b)
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+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.35(d: the).15 F F1(by)3.35 E(e)-.1 E F0(synon)3.35 E
+.85(ym for)-.15 F F1(exit)3.35 E F0(and)3.35 E(the)72 327.6 Q F1($NO_PR)
+3.498 E(OMPT_V)-.3 E(ARS)-1.35 E F0 -.25(va)3.498 G .998
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+(nized test suite that can be run as a).18 F(re)72 339.6 Q
+(gression test when b)-.15 E(uilding a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
+(ersion of Bash.)-2.65 E 1.696(The documentation has been thoroughly o)
+97 355.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.696(rhauled: there is a ne).15 F 4.196(wm)
+-.25 G 1.695(anual page on the readline)-4.196 F .467(library and the)72
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+(\214le has been updated to re\215ect the current v)2.967 F 2.968
+(ersion. As)-.15 F(al)2.968 E -.1(wa)-.1 G .468(ys, as man).1 F 2.968
+(yb)-.15 G .468(ugs as possi-)-3.168 F(ble ha)72 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
+-.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed, although some surely remain.)-.15 E F1 2.5
+(5.2. Other)72 403.2 R -.25(Fe)2.5 G(atur).25 E(es)-.18 E F0 1.68
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+(Some are based on w)6.68 F(ork)-.1 E(already done in other shells.)72
+430.8 Q .958(In addition to simple v)97 446.4 R .959(ariables, a future\
+ release of Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using)-.25 F .206
+(the ksh implementation of arrays as a model.)72 458.4 R .205
+(Additions to the ksh syntax, such as)5.205 F F3(varname)2.705 E F0 .205
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+-.25 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut is a rather peculiar special case\).)-2.7 E .76
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+(rd completion, where the user speci\214es on a per).1 F(-)-.2 E .163
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+(cutable \214les, and so on.).15 F .195
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+(ould not be placed onto the history list.)-.1 F .15
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+(cally load code implementing additional b)72 649.2 R 1.189
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+-.1 G 2.875(no)-2.875 G .375
+(bject \214le or shared library implementing the \231body\232 of the b)
+-2.875 F .375(uiltin \()-.2 F F3(xxx_b)A(uiltin\(\))-.2 E F0 .375
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+(with Bash internals\) and a structure containing the name of the ne)72
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+-2.552 F(ne)72 685.2 Q 3.458(wb)-.25 G .958(uiltin is in)-3.658 F -.2
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+-.2(bu)3.911 G 1.411(iltin, which causes a).2 F 1.347
+(shell running with job control acti)72 108 R 1.647 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
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+(get about\232 one or more background jobs in its internal jobs)-.18 F
+3.465(table. Using)72 120 R F1(getconf)3.465 E F0 3.465(,f)C .965(or e)
+-3.465 F .965(xample, a user could retrie)-.15 F 1.264 -.15(ve a v)-.25
+H .964(alue for)-.1 F F1($P)3.464 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .964
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+(ong \214lenames may be in the \214le system containing a speci\214ed)
+-3.385 F(directory)72 144 Q(.)-.65 E 1.521
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+-4.021 F(include them.)72 171.6 Q(If an)5 E(yone has comments on these \
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+(The lesson that has been repeated most often during Bash de)97 211.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .433(lopment is that there are dark corners).15 F .181
+(in the Bourne shell, and people use all of them.)72 223.2 R .18
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+(ot helped much.).15 F 1.856(The grammar presented in Bourne')72 247.2 R
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+(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.882 E(vior)-.2 E(,)-.4 E -.2(bu)72 314.4 S 3.246(ti).2
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+.501(use them.)72 326.4 R .501(It took a fe)5.501 F 3.001(wv)-.25 G .501
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+(l\232 sh constructs which Bash \215ags as syntax errors.).05 F .28
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+(The shell is bigger and slo)97 366 R 1.231(wer than I w)-.25 F 1.231
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+-.1 G 1.064(ys, there is some chaf).1 F 3.564(ft)-.25 G 3.564(og)-3.564
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+72 441.6 R .382(There are se)5.382 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .382
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+(ilable).25 E .185(another w)72 453.6 R .185(ay \()-.1 F F1($notify)A F0
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+1.124(ll lines of a multi-line command in a single history entry).15 F
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+(on-)-2.432 E(don, July)72 720 Q 2(,1)-.52 G(990, pp. 21-33.)-2 E EP
+%%Page: 11 11
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-11-)279.67 48 Q(softw)72 84 Q(are in BSDI')-.1
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+72 111.6 R .732(ution: a \231normal\232 con\214guration, in which all o\
+f the standard features are included, and a)-.2 F .519(\231minimal\232 \
+con\214guration, which omits job control, aliases, history and command \
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd/popd/dirs,)3.386 E F0 .886(process substitution,\
+ prompt string special character decoding, and the)3.386 F/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(select)3.385 E F0 3.368(construct. This)72 147.6 R
+.868(minimal v)3.368 F .869
+(ersion is designed to be a drop-in replacement for the traditional)-.15
+F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)3.369 E F0(/bin/sh,)3.369 E
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+(.I)-.65 G 4.015(th)-6.515 G 1.515(as se)-4.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.515
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+(helped to mak)72 235.2 Q 2.5(ei)-.1 G 2.5(ta)-2.5 G 2.5(sg)-2.5 G
+(ood as it is today \255 a testament to the bene\214ts of free softw)
+-2.5 E(are.)-.1 E .32 LW 144 708.2 72 708.2 DL/F4 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berk)72 720 Q(ele)-.08 E 2(yS)-.12 G(oftw)-2
+E(are Design, Inc.)-.08 E EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bash - The GNU shell*
+
+
+ Chet Ramey
+ Case Western Reserve University
+ chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_\b1. _\bI_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bd_\bu_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh is the shell, or command language interpreter,
+that will appear in the GNU operating system. The name is
+an acronym for the "Bourne-Again SHell", a pun on Steve
+Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of the current
+UNIX|\b- shell /_\bb_\bi_\bn/_\bs_\bh, which appeared in the Seventh Edition
+Bell Labs Research version of UNIX.
+
+ Bash is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful
+features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell (csh),
+described later in this article. It is ultimately intended
+to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE POSIX Shell
+and Utilities specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2). It
+offers functional improvements over sh for both interactive
+and programming use.
+
+ While the GNU operating system will most likely include
+a version of the Berkeley shell csh, Bash will be the
+default shell. Like other GNU software, Bash is quite port-
+able. It currently runs on nearly every version of UNIX and
+a few other operating systems - an independently-supported
+port exists for OS/2, and there are rumors of ports to DOS
+and Windows NT. Ports to UNIX-like systems such as QNX and
+Minix are part of the distribution.
+
+ The original author of Bash was Brian Fox, an employee
+of the Free Software Foundation. The current developer and
+maintainer is Chet Ramey, a volunteer who works at Case
+Western Reserve University.
+
+_\b2. _\bW_\bh_\ba_\bt'_\bs _\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX, _\ba_\bn_\by_\bw_\ba_\by?
+
+ _\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman
+_________________________
+*An earlier version of this article appeared in The
+Linux Journal.
+|\b- UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 2 -
+
+
+for a family of open system standards based on UNIX. There
+are a number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for
+standardization, from the basic system services at the sys-
+tem call and C library level to applications and tools to
+system administration and management. Each area of stan-
+dardization is assigned to a working group in the 1003
+series.
+
+ The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been
+developed by IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2).|\b= It con-
+centrates on the command interpreter interface and utility
+programs commonly executed from the command line or by other
+programs. An initial version of the standard has been
+approved and published by the IEEE, and work is currently
+underway to update it. There are four primary areas of work
+in the 1003.2 standard:
+
+o\b+ Aspects of the shell's syntax and command language. A
+ number of special builtins such as _\bc_\bd and _\be_\bx_\be_\bc are
+ being specified as part of the shell, since their func-
+ tionality usually cannot be implemented by a separate
+ executable;
+
+o\b+ A set of utilities to be called by shell scripts and
+ applications. Examples are programs like _\bs_\be_\bd, _\bt_\br, and
+ _\ba_\bw_\bk. Utilities commonly implemented as shell builtins
+ are described in this section, such as _\bt_\be_\bs_\bt and _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl.
+ An expansion of this section's scope, termed the User
+ Portability Extension, or UPE, has standardized
+ interactive programs such as _\bv_\bi and _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bx;
+
+o\b+ A group of functional interfaces to services provided
+ by the shell, such as the traditional system() C
+ library function. There are functions to perform shell
+ word expansions, perform filename expansion (_\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bb_\bi_\bn_\bg),
+ obtain values of POSIX.2 system configuration vari-
+ ables, retrieve values of environment variables
+ (getenv()), _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bo_\bt_\bh_\be_\br _\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\bi_\bc_\be_\bs;
+
+o\b+ A suite of "development" utilities such as _\bc_\b8_\b9 (the
+ POSIX.2 version of _\bc_\bc), and _\by_\ba_\bc_\bc.
+
+ Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's
+behavior defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has
+of course been standardized, including the basic flow con-
+trol and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and
+pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quot-
+ing. The _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins, which must be implemented as
+part of the shell to provide the desired functionality, are
+_________________________
+|\b=IEEE, _\bI_\bE_\bE_\bE _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br _\bI_\bn_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bT_\be_\bc_\bh_\bn_\bo_\bl_\bo_\bg_\by --
+_\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be (_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2:
+_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, 1992.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 3 -
+
+
+specified as being part of the shell; examples of these are
+_\be_\bv_\ba_\bl and _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt. Other utilities appear in the sections of
+POSIX.2 not devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in
+some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands, such as
+_\br_\be_\ba_\bd and _\bt_\be_\bs_\bt. POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the
+shell's interactive behavior as part of the UPE, including
+job control and command line editing. Interestingly enough,
+only _\bv_\bi-style line editing commands have been standardized;
+_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs editing commands were left out due to objections.
+
+ While POSIX.2 includes much of what the shell has trad-
+itionally provided, some important things have been omitted
+as being "beyond its scope." There is, for instance, no
+mention of a difference between a _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn shell and any other
+interactive shell (since POSIX.2 does not specify a login
+program). No fixed startup files are defined, either - the
+standard does not mention ._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be.
+
+_\b3. _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bi_\bc _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bf_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs
+
+ Since the Bourne shell provides Bash with most of its
+philosophical underpinnings, Bash inherits most of its
+features and functionality from sh. Bash implements all of
+the traditional sh flow control constructs (_\bf_\bo_\br, _\bi_\bf, _\bw_\bh_\bi_\bl_\be,
+etc.). All of the Bourne shell builtins, including those
+not specified in the POSIX.2 standard, appear in Bash.
+Shell _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs, introduced in the SVR2 version of the
+Bourne shell, are similar to shell scripts, but are defined
+using a special syntax and are executed in the same process
+as the calling shell. Bash has shell functions which behave
+in a fashion upward-compatible with sh functions. There are
+certain shell variables that Bash interprets in the same way
+as sh, such as _\bP_\bS_\b1, _\bI_\bF_\bS, and _\bP_\bA_\bT_\bH. Bash implements essen-
+tially the same grammar, parameter and variable expansion
+semantics, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne shell.
+Where differences appear between the POSIX.2 standard and
+traditional sh behavior, Bash follows POSIX.
+
+ The Korn Shell (ksh) is a descendent of the Bourne
+shell written at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David Korn|\b-. It
+provides a number of useful features that POSIX and Bash
+have adopted. Many of the interactive facilities in POSIX.2
+have their roots in the ksh: for example, the POSIX and ksh
+job control facilities are nearly identical. Bash includes
+features from the Korn Shell for both interactive use and
+shell programming. For programming, Bash provides variables
+such as _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD_\bO_\bM and _\bR_\bE_\bP_\bL_\bY, the _\bt_\by_\bp_\be_\bs_\be_\bt builtin, the ability
+to remove substrings from variables based on patterns, and
+shell arithmetic. _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD_\bO_\bM expands to a random number each
+time it is referenced; assigning a value to _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD_\bO_\bM seeds the
+_________________________
+|\b-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, _\bT_\bh_\be _\bK_\bo_\br_\bn_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bL_\ba_\bn_\bg_\bu_\ba_\bg_\be, Prentice Hall, 1989.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 4 -
+
+
+random number generator. _\bR_\bE_\bP_\bL_\bY is the default variable used
+by the _\br_\be_\ba_\bd builtin when no variable names are supplied as
+arguments. The _\bt_\by_\bp_\be_\bs_\be_\bt builtin is used to define variables
+and give them attributes such as readonly. Bash arithmetic
+allows the evaluation of an expression and the substitution
+of the result. Shell variables may be used as operands, and
+the result of an expression may be assigned to a variable.
+Nearly all of the operators from the C language are avail-
+able, with the same precedence rules:
+\e9 $ echo $((3 + 5 * 32))
+ 163
+\e9
+For interactive use, Bash implements ksh-style aliases and
+builtins such as _\bf_\bc (discussed below) and _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs. Bash
+aliases allow a string to be substituted for a command name.
+They can be used to create a mnemonic for a UNIX command
+name (alias del=rm), to expand a single word to a complex
+command (alias news='xterm -g 80x45 -title trn -e trn -e -S1
+-N &'), or to ensure that a command is invoked with a basic
+set of options (alias ls="/bin/ls -F").
+
+ The C shell (csh)|\b-, originally written by Bill Joy
+while at Berkeley, is widely used and quite popular for its
+interactive facilities. Bash includes a csh-compatible his-
+tory expansion mechanism ("! history"), brace expansion,
+access to a stack of directories via the _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bd, _\bp_\bo_\bp_\bd, and
+_\bd_\bi_\br_\bs builtins, and tilde expansion, to generate users' home
+directories. Tilde expansion has also been adopted by both
+the Korn Shell and POSIX.2.
+
+ There were certain areas in which POSIX.2 felt stan-
+dardization was necessary, but no existing implementation
+provided the proper behavior. The working group invented
+and standardized functionality in these areas, which Bash
+implements. The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd builtin was invented so that shell
+functions could be written to replace builtins; it makes the
+capabilities of the builtin available to the function. The
+reserved word "!" was added to negate the return value of a
+command or pipeline; it was nearly impossible to express "if
+not x" cleanly using the sh language. There exist multiple
+incompatible implementations of the _\bt_\be_\bs_\bt builtin, which
+tests files for type and other attributes and performs
+arithmetic and string comparisons. POSIX considered none of
+these correct, so the standard behavior was specified in
+terms of the number of arguments to the command. POSIX.2
+dictates exactly what will happen when four or fewer argu-
+ments are given to _\bt_\be_\bs_\bt, and leaves the behavior undefined
+when more arguments are supplied. Bash uses the POSIX.2
+_________________________
+|\b-Bill Joy, An Introduction to the C Shell, _\bU_\bN_\bI_\bX _\bU_\bs_\be_\br'_\bs
+_\bS_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\br_\by _\bD_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, University of California at
+Berkeley, 1986.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 5 -
+
+
+algorithm, which was conceived by David Korn.
+
+_\b3._\b1. _\bF_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\bi_\bn _\bt_\bh_\be _\bB_\bo_\bu_\br_\bn_\be _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl
+
+ There are a number of minor differences between Bash
+and the version of sh present on most other versions of
+UNIX. The majority of these are due to the POSIX standard,
+but some are the result of Bash adopting features from other
+shells. For instance, Bash includes the new "!" reserved
+word, the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd builtin, the ability of the _\br_\be_\ba_\bd builtin
+to correctly return a line ending with a backslash, symbolic
+arguments to the _\bu_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bk builtin, variable substring removal,
+a way to get the length of a variable, and the new algorithm
+for the _\bt_\be_\bs_\bt builtin from the POSIX.2 standard, none of
+which appear in sh.
+
+ Bash also implements the "$(...)" command substitution
+syntax, which supersedes the sh `...` construct. The
+"$(...)" construct expands to the output of the command con-
+tained within the parentheses, with trailing newlines
+removed. The sh syntax is accepted for backwards compati-
+bility, but the "$(...)" form is preferred because its quot-
+ing rules are much simpler and it is easier to nest.
+
+ The Bourne shell does not provide such features as
+brace expansion, the ability to define a variable and a
+function with the same name, local variables in shell func-
+tions, the ability to enable and disable individual builtins
+or write a function to replace a builtin, or a means to
+export a shell function to a child process.
+
+ Bash has closed a long-standing shell security hole by
+not using the $_\bI_\bF_\bS variable to split each word read by the
+shell, but splitting only the results of expansion (ksh and
+the 4.4 BSD sh have fixed this as well). Useful behavior
+such as a means to abort execution of a script read with the
+"." command using the return builtin or automatically
+exporting variables in the shell's environment to children
+is also not present in the Bourne shell. Bash provides a
+much more powerful environment for both interactive use and
+programming.
+
+_\b4. _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh-_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\bf_\bi_\bc _\bF_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs
+
+ This section details a few of the features which make
+Bash unique. Most of them provide improved interactive use,
+but a few programming improvements are present as well.
+Full descriptions of these features can be found in the Bash
+documentation.
+
+_\b4._\b1. _\bS_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt_\bu_\bp _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
+
+ Bash executes startup files differently than other
+shells. The Bash behavior is a compromise between the csh
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 6 -
+
+
+principle of startup files with fixed names executed for
+each shell and the sh "minimalist" behavior. An interactive
+instance of Bash started as a login shell reads and executes
+~/._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (the file .bash_profile in the user's home
+directory), if it exists. An interactive non-login shell
+reads and executes ~/._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. A non-interactive shell (one
+begun to execute a shell script, for example) reads no fixed
+startup file, but uses the value of the variable $_\bE_\bN_\bV, if
+set, as the name of a startup file. The ksh practice of
+reading $_\bE_\bN_\bV for every shell, with the accompanying diffi-
+culty of defining the proper variables and functions for
+interactive and non-interactive shells or having the file
+read only for interactive shells, was considered too com-
+plex. Ease of use won out here. Interestingly, the next
+release of ksh will change to reading $_\bE_\bN_\bV only for interac-
+tive shells.
+
+_\b4._\b2. _\bN_\be_\bw _\bB_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bs
+
+ There are a few builtins which are new or have been
+extended in Bash. The _\be_\bn_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be builtin allows builtin com-
+mands to be turned on and off arbitrarily. To use the ver-
+sion of _\be_\bc_\bh_\bo found in a user's search path rather than the
+Bash builtin, enable -n echo suffices. The _\bh_\be_\bl_\bp builtin
+provides quick synopses of the shell facilities without
+requiring access to a manual page. _\bB_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is similar to
+_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in that it bypasses shell functions and directly
+executes builtin commands. Access to a csh-style stack of
+directories is provided via the _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bd, _\bp_\bo_\bp_\bd, and _\bd_\bi_\br_\bs buil-
+tins. _\bP_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bd and _\bp_\bo_\bp_\bd insert and remove directories from the
+stack, respectively, and _\bd_\bi_\br_\bs lists the stack contents. On
+systems that allow fine-grained control of resources, the
+_\bu_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt builtin can be used to tune these settings. _\bU_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
+allows a user to control, among other things, whether core
+dumps are to be generated, how much memory the shell or a
+child process is allowed to allocate, and how large a file
+created by a child process can grow. The _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd command
+will stop the shell process when job control is active; most
+other shells do not allow themselves to be stopped like
+that. _\bT_\by_\bp_\be, the Bash answer to _\bw_\bh_\bi_\bc_\bh and _\bw_\bh_\be_\bn_\bc_\be, shows what
+will happen when a word is typed as a command:
+\e9 $ type export
+ export is a shell builtin
+ $ type -t export
+ builtin
+ $ type bash
+ bash is /bin/bash
+ $ type cd
+ cd is a function
+ cd ()
+ {
+ builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle $HOST: $PWD
+ }
+\e9
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 7 -
+
+
+Various modes tell what a command word is (reserved word,
+alias, function, builtin, or file) or which version of a
+command will be executed based on a user's search path.
+Some of this functionality has been adopted by POSIX.2 and
+folded into the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd utility.
+
+_\b4._\b3. _\bE_\bd_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ One area in which Bash shines is command line editing.
+Bash uses the _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be library to read and edit lines when
+interactive. Readline is a powerful and flexible input
+facility that a user can configure to individual tastes. It
+allows lines to be edited using either emacs or vi commands,
+where those commands are appropriate. The full capability
+of emacs is not present - there is no way to execute a named
+command with M-x, for instance - but the existing commands
+are more than adequate. The vi mode is compliant with the
+command line editing standardized by POSIX.2.
+
+ Readline is fully customizable. In addition to the
+basic commands and key bindings, the library allows users to
+define additional key bindings using a startup file. The
+_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, which defaults to the file ~/._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, is read
+each time readline initializes, permitting users to maintain
+a consistent interface across a set of programs. Readline
+includes an extensible interface, so each program using the
+library can add its own bindable commands and program-
+specific key bindings. Bash uses this facility to add bind-
+ings that perform history expansion or shell word expansions
+on the current input line.
+
+ Readline interprets a number of variables which further
+tune its behavior. Variables exist to control whether or
+not eight-bit characters are directly read as input or con-
+verted to meta-prefixed key sequences (a meta-prefixed key
+sequence consists of the character with the eighth bit
+zeroed, preceded by the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx character, usually
+escape, which selects an alternate keymap), to decide
+whether to output characters with the eighth bit set
+directly or as a meta-prefixed key sequence, whether or not
+to wrap to a new screen line when a line being edited is
+longer than the screen width, the keymap to which subsequent
+key bindings should apply, or even what happens when read-
+line wants to ring the terminal's bell. All of these vari-
+ables can be set in the inputrc file.
+
+ The startup file understands a set of C preprocessor-
+like conditional constructs which allow variables or key
+bindings to be assigned based on the application using read-
+line, the terminal currently being used, or the editing
+mode. Users can add program-specific bindings to make their
+lives easier: I have bindings that let me edit the value of
+$_\bP_\bA_\bT_\bH and double-quote the current or previous word:
+\e9 # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
+
+
+\e9 October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 8 -
+
+
+ $if Bash
+ # edit the path
+ "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
+ # prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double
+ # quotes and move to just after the open quote
+ "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
+ # Quote the current or previous word
+ "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+ $endif
+\e9
+There is a readline command to re-read the file, so users
+can edit the file, change some bindings, and begin to use
+them almost immediately.
+
+ Bash implements the _\bb_\bi_\bn_\bd builtin for more dyamic con-
+trol of readline than the startup file permits. _\bB_\bi_\bn_\bd is
+used in several ways. In _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt mode, it can display the
+current key bindings, list all the readline editing direc-
+tives available for binding, list which keys invoke a given
+directive, or output the current set of key bindings in a
+format that can be incorporated directly into an inputrc
+file. In _\bb_\ba_\bt_\bc_\bh mode, it reads a series of key bindings
+directly from a file and passes them to readline. In its
+most common usage, _\bb_\bi_\bn_\bd takes a single string and passes it
+directly to readline, which interprets the line as if it had
+just been read from the inputrc file. Both key bindings and
+variable assignments may appear in the string given to _\bb_\bi_\bn_\bd.
+
+ The readline library also provides an interface for
+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. When the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character (usually
+TAB) is typed, readline looks at the word currently being
+entered and computes the set of filenames of which the
+current word is a valid prefix. If there is only one possi-
+ble completion, the rest of the characters are inserted
+directly, otherwise the common prefix of the set of
+filenames is added to the current word. A second TAB char-
+acter entered immediately after a non-unique completion
+causes readline to list the possible completions; there is
+an option to have the list displayed immediately. Readline
+provides hooks so that applications can provide specific
+types of completion before the default filename completion
+is attempted. This is quite flexible, though it is not com-
+pletely user-programmable. Bash, for example, can complete
+filenames, command names (including aliases, builtins, shell
+reserved words, shell functions, and executables found in
+the file system), shell variables, usernames, and hostnames.
+It uses a set of heuristics that, while not perfect, is gen-
+erally quite good at determining what type of completion to
+attempt.
+
+_\b4._\b4. _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
+
+ Access to the list of commands previously entered (the
+_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by) is provided jointly by Bash and the
+
+
+\e9 October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 9 -
+
+
+readline library. Bash provides variables ($HISTFILE,
+$HISTSIZE, and $HISTCONTROL) and the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by and _\bf_\bc builtins
+to manipulate the history list. The value of $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bF_\bI_\bL_\bE
+specifes the file where Bash writes the command history on
+exit and reads it on startup. $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bS_\bI_\bZ_\bE is used to limit
+the number of commands saved in the history. $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bC_\bO_\bN_\bT_\bR_\bO_\bL
+provides a crude form of control over which commands are
+saved on the history list: a value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be means to
+not save commands which begin with a space; a value of
+_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs means to not save commands identical to the last
+command saved. $HISTCONTROL was named $history_control in
+earlier versions of Bash; the old name is still accepted for
+backwards compatibility. The _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by command can read or
+write files containing the history list and display the
+current list contents. The _\bf_\bc builtin, adopted from POSIX.2
+and the Korn Shell, allows display and re-execution, with
+optional editing, of commands from the history list. The
+readline library offers a set of commands to search the his-
+tory list for a portion of the current input line or a
+string typed by the user. Finally, the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by library,
+generally incorporated directly into the readline library,
+implements a facility for history recall, expansion, and
+re-execution of previous commands very similar to csh ("bang
+history", so called because the exclamation point introduces
+a history substitution):
+\e9 $ echo a b c d e
+ a b c d e
+ $ !! f g h i
+ echo a b c d e f g h i
+ a b c d e f g h i
+ $ !-2
+ echo a b c d e
+ a b c d e
+ $ echo !-2:1-4
+ echo a b c d
+ a b c d
+\e9
+The command history is only saved when the shell is interac-
+tive, so it is not available for use by shell scripts.
+
+_\b4._\b5. _\bN_\be_\bw _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bV_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\bs
+
+ There are a number of convenience variables that Bash
+interprets to make life easier. These include _\bF_\bI_\bG_\bN_\bO_\bR_\bE,
+which is a set of filename suffixes identifying files to
+exclude when completing filenames; _\bH_\bO_\bS_\bT_\bT_\bY_\bP_\bE, which is
+automatically set to a string describing the type of
+hardware on which Bash is currently executing;
+_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd__\bo_\br_\bi_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, which directs Bash to save all
+lines of a multiple-line command such as a _\bw_\bh_\bi_\bl_\be or _\bf_\bo_\br loop
+in a single history entry, allowing easy re-editing; and
+_\bI_\bG_\bN_\bO_\bR_\bE_\bE_\bO_\bF, whose value indicates the number of consecutive
+EOF characters that an interactive shell will read before
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 10 -
+
+
+exiting - an easy way to keep yourself from being logged out
+accidentally. The _\ba_\bu_\bt_\bo__\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be variable alters the way the
+shell treats simple command names: if job control is active,
+and this variable is set, single-word simple commands
+without redirections cause the shell to first look for and
+restart a suspended job with that name before starting a new
+process.
+
+_\b4._\b6. _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\bE_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ Since sh offers no convenient way to generate arbitrary
+strings that share a common prefix or suffix (filename
+expansion requires that the filenames exist), Bash imple-
+ments _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, a capability picked up from csh.
+Brace expansion is similar to filename expansion, but the
+strings generated need not correspond to existing files. A
+brace expression consists of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed
+by a pair of braces enclosing a series of comma-separated
+strings, and an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be. The preamble is
+prepended to each string within the braces, and the postam-
+ble is then appended to each resulting string:
+\e9 $ echo a{d,c,b}e
+ ade ace abe
+\e9
+As this example demonstrates, the results of brace expansion
+are not sorted, as they are by filename expansion.
+
+_\b4._\b7. _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bS_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ On systems that can support it, Bash provides a facil-
+ity known as _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. Process substitution is
+similar to command substitution in that its specification
+includes a command to execute, but the shell does not col-
+lect the command's output and insert it into the command
+line. Rather, Bash opens a pipe to the command, which is
+run in the background. The shell uses named pipes (FIFOs)
+or the /_\bd_\be_\bv/_\bf_\bd method of naming open files to expand the
+process substitution to a filename which connects to the
+pipe when opened. This filename becomes the result of the
+expansion. Process substitution can be used to compare the
+outputs of two different versions of an application as part
+of a regression test:
+\e9 $ cmp <(old_prog) <(new_prog)
+\e9
+_\b4._\b8. _\bP_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt _\bC_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bo_\bm_\bi_\bz_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ One of the more popular interactive features that Bash
+provides is the ability to customize the prompt. Both $_\bP_\bS_\b1
+and $_\bP_\bS_\b2, the primary and secondary prompts, are expanded
+before being displayed. Parameter and variable expansion is
+performed when the prompt string is expanded, so any shell
+variable can be put into the prompt (e.g., $_\bS_\bH_\bL_\bV_\bL, which
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 11 -
+
+
+indicates how deeply the current shell is nested). Bash
+specially interprets characters in the prompt string pre-
+ceded by a backslash. Some of these backslash escapes are
+replaced with the current time, the date, the current work-
+ing directory, the username, and the command number or his-
+tory number of the command being entered. There is even a
+backslash escape to cause the shell to change its prompt
+when running as root after an _\bs_\bu. Before printing each pri-
+mary prompt, Bash expands the variable $_\bP_\bR_\bO_\bM_\bP_\bT__\bC_\bO_\bM_\bM_\bA_\bN_\bD and,
+if it has a value, executes the expanded value as a command,
+allowing additional prompt customization. For example, this
+assignment causes the current user, the current host, the
+time, the last component of the current working directory,
+the level of shell nesting, and the history number of the
+current command to be embedded into the primary prompt:
+\e9 $ PS1='\u@\h [\t] \W($SHLVL:\!)\$ '
+ chet@odin [21:03:44] documentation(2:636)$ cd ..
+ chet@odin [21:03:54] src(2:637)$
+\e9
+The string being assigned is surrounded by single quotes so
+that if it is exported, the value of $_\bS_\bH_\bL_\bV_\bL will be updated
+by a child shell:
+\e9 chet@odin [21:17:35] src(2:638)$ export PS1
+ chet@odin [21:17:40] src(2:639)$ bash
+ chet@odin [21:17:46] src(3:696)$
+\e9
+The \$ escape is displayed as "$" when running as a normal
+user, but as "#" when running as root.
+
+_\b4._\b9. _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bV_\bi_\be_\bw_\bs
+
+ Since Berkeley introduced symbolic links in 4.2 BSD,
+one of their most annoying properties has been the "warping"
+to a completely different area of the file system when using
+_\bc_\bd, and the resultant non-intuitive behavior of "cd ..".
+The UNIX kernel treats symbolic links _\bp_\bh_\by_\bs_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\by. When the
+kernel is translating a pathname in which one component is a
+symbolic link, it replaces all or part of the pathname while
+processing the link. If the contents of the symbolic link
+begin with a slash, the kernel replaces the pathname
+entirely; if not, the link contents replace the current com-
+ponent. In either case, the symbolic link is visible. If
+the link value is an absolute pathname, the user finds him-
+self in a completely different part of the file system.
+
+ Bash provides a _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl view of the file system. In
+this default mode, command and filename completion and buil-
+tin commands such as _\bc_\bd and _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bd which change the current
+working directory transparently follow symbolic links as if
+they were directories. The $_\bP_\bW_\bD variable, which holds the
+shell's idea of the current working directory, depends on
+the path used to reach the directory rather than its
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 12 -
+
+
+physical location in the local file system hierarchy. For
+example:
+\e9 $ cd /usr/local/bin
+ $ echo $PWD
+ /usr/local/bin
+ $ pwd
+ /usr/local/bin
+ $ /bin/pwd
+ /net/share/sun4/local/bin
+ $ cd ..
+ $ pwd
+ /usr/local
+ $ /bin/pwd
+ /net/share/sun4/local
+ $ cd ..
+ $ pwd
+ /usr
+ $ /bin/pwd
+ /usr
+\e9
+One problem with this, of course, arises when programs that
+do not understand the shell's logical notion of the file
+system interpret ".." differently. This generally happens
+when Bash completes filenames containing ".." according to a
+logical hierarchy which does not correspond to their physi-
+cal location. For users who find this troublesome, a
+corresponding _\bp_\bh_\by_\bs_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl view of the file system is available:
+\e9 $ cd /usr/local/bin
+ $ pwd
+ /usr/local/bin
+ $ set -o physical
+ $ pwd
+ /net/share/sun4/local/bin
+\e9
+_\b4._\b1_\b0. _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl_\bi_\bz_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ One of the most significant improvements in version
+1.13 of Bash was the change to "eight-bit cleanliness".
+Previous versions used the eighth bit of characters to mark
+whether or not they were quoted when performing word expan-
+sions. While this did not affect the majority of users,
+most of whom used only seven-bit ASCII characters, some
+found it confining. Beginning with version 1.13, Bash
+implemented a different quoting mechanism that did not alter
+the eighth bit of characters. This allowed Bash to manipu-
+late files with "odd" characters in their names, but did
+nothing to help users enter those names, so version 1.13
+introduced changes to readline that made it eight-bit clean
+as well. Options exist that force readline to attach no
+special significance to characters with the eighth bit set
+(the default behavior is to convert these characters to
+meta-prefixed key sequences) and to output these characters
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 13 -
+
+
+without conversion to meta-prefixed sequences. These
+changes, along with the expansion of keymaps to a full eight
+bits, enable readline to work with most of the ISO-8859 fam-
+ily of character sets, used by many European countries.
+
+_\b4._\b1_\b1. _\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX _\bM_\bo_\bd_\be
+
+ Although Bash is intended to be POSIX.2 conformant,
+there are areas in which the default behavior is not compa-
+tible with the standard. For users who wish to operate in a
+strict POSIX.2 environment, Bash implements a _\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
+When this mode is active, Bash modifies its default opera-
+tion where it differs from POSIX.2 to match the standard.
+POSIX mode is entered when Bash is started with the -_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx
+option. This feature is also available as an option to the
+set builtin, set -o posix. For compatibility with other GNU
+software that attempts to be POSIX.2 compliant, Bash also
+enters POSIX mode if the variable $_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\bL_\bY__\bC_\bO_\bR_\bR_\bE_\bC_\bT is set
+when Bash is started or assigned a value during execution.
+$_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX__\bP_\bE_\bD_\bA_\bN_\bT_\bI_\bC is accepted as well, to be compatible with
+some older GNU utilities. When Bash is started in POSIX
+mode, for example, it sources the file named by the value of
+$_\bE_\bN_\bV rather than the "normal" startup files, and does not
+allow reserved words to be aliased.
+
+_\b5. _\bN_\be_\bw _\bF_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bF_\bu_\bt_\bu_\br_\be _\bP_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bs
+
+ There are several features introduced in the current
+version of Bash, version 1.14, and a number under considera-
+tion for future releases. This section will briefly detail
+the new features in version 1.14 and describe several
+features that may appear in later versions.
+
+_\b5._\b1. _\bN_\be_\bw _\bF_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs _\bi_\bn _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh-_\b1._\b1_\b4
+
+ The new features available in Bash-1.14 answer several
+of the most common requests for enhancements. Most notably,
+there is a mechanism for including non-visible character
+sequences in prompts, such as those which cause a terminal
+to print characters in different colors or in standout mode.
+There was nothing preventing the use of these sequences in
+earlier versions, but the readline redisplay algorithm
+assumed each character occupied physical screen space and
+would wrap lines prematurely.
+
+ Readline has a few new variables, several new bindable
+commands, and some additional emacs mode default key bind-
+ings. A new history search mode has been implemented: in
+this mode, readline searches the history for lines beginning
+with the characters between the beginning of the current
+line and the cursor. The existing readline incremental
+search commands no longer match identical lines more than
+once. Filename completion now expands variables in direc-
+tory names. The history expansion facilities are now nearly
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 14 -
+
+
+completely csh-compatible: missing modifiers have been added
+and history substitution has been extended.
+
+ Several of the features described earlier, such as _\bs_\be_\bt
+-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx and $_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX__\bP_\bE_\bD_\bA_\bN_\bT_\bI_\bC, are new in version 1.14.
+There is a new shell variable, _\bO_\bS_\bT_\bY_\bP_\bE, to which Bash assigns
+a value that identifies the version of UNIX it's running on
+(great for putting architecture-specific binary directories
+into the $PATH). Two variables have been renamed: $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bC_\bO_\bN_\b-
+_\bT_\bR_\bO_\bL replaces $_\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by__\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl, and $_\bH_\bO_\bS_\bT_\bF_\bI_\bL_\bE replaces
+$_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be__\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn__\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. In both cases, the old names are
+accepted for backwards compatibility. The ksh _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt con-
+struct, which allows the generation of simple menus, has
+been implemented. New capabilities have been added to
+existing variables: $_\ba_\bu_\bt_\bo__\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be can now take values of
+_\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt or _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, and $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bC_\bO_\bN_\bT_\bR_\bO_\bL understands the value
+_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh, which combines the two previously acceptable
+values. The _\bd_\bi_\br_\bs builtin has acquired options to print out
+specific members of the directory stack. The $_\bn_\bo_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bk_\bs vari-
+able, which forces a physical view of the file system, has
+been superseded by the -_\bP option to the _\bs_\be_\bt builtin
+(equivalent to set -o physical); the variable is retained
+for backwards compatibility. The version string contained
+in $_\bB_\bA_\bS_\bH__\bV_\bE_\bR_\bS_\bI_\bO_\bN now includes an indication of the patch
+level as well as the "build version". Some little-used
+features have been removed: the _\bb_\by_\be synonym for _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt and
+the $_\bN_\bO__\bP_\bR_\bO_\bM_\bP_\bT__\bV_\bA_\bR_\bS variable are gone. There is now an
+organized test suite that can be run as a regression test
+when building a new version of Bash.
+
+ The documentation has been thoroughly overhauled: there
+is a new manual page on the readline library and the _\bi_\bn_\bf_\bo
+file has been updated to reflect the current version. As
+always, as many bugs as possible have been fixed, although
+some surely remain.
+
+_\b5._\b2. _\bO_\bt_\bh_\be_\br _\bF_\be_\ba_\bt_\bu_\br_\be_\bs
+
+ There are a few features that I hope to include in
+later Bash releases. Some are based on work already done in
+other shells.
+
+ In addition to simple variables, a future release of
+Bash will include one-dimensional arrays, using the ksh
+implementation of arrays as a model. Additions to the ksh
+syntax, such as _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=( ... ) to assign a list of words
+directly to an array and a mechanism to allow the _\br_\be_\ba_\bd buil-
+tin to read a list of values directly into an array, would
+be desirable. Given those extensions, the ksh _\bs_\be_\bt -_\bA syntax
+may not be worth supporting (the -_\bA option assigns a list of
+values to an array, but is a rather peculiar special case).
+
+ Some shells include a means of _\bp_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be word com-
+pletion, where the user specifies on a per-command basis how
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 15 -
+
+
+the arguments of the command are to be treated when comple-
+tion is attempted: as filenames, hostnames, executable
+files, and so on. The other aspects of the current Bash
+implementation could remain as-is; the existing heuristics
+would still be valid. Only when completing the arguments to
+a simple command would the programmable completion be in
+effect.
+
+ It would also be nice to give the user finer-grained
+control over which commands are saved onto the history list.
+One proposal is for a variable, tentatively named _\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bI_\bG_\b-
+_\bN_\bO_\bR_\bE, which would contain a colon-separated list of com-
+mands. Lines beginning with these commands, after the res-
+trictions of $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bC_\bO_\bN_\bT_\bR_\bO_\bL have been applied, would not be
+placed onto the history list. The shell pattern-matching
+capabilities could also be available when specifying the
+contents of $_\bH_\bI_\bS_\bT_\bI_\bG_\bN_\bO_\bR_\bE.
+
+ One thing that newer shells such as _\bw_\bk_\bs_\bh (also known as
+_\bd_\bt_\bk_\bs_\bh) provide is a command to dynamically load code imple-
+menting additional builtin commands into a running shell.
+This new builtin would take an object file or shared library
+implementing the "body" of the builtin (_\bx_\bx_\bx__\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn() for
+those familiar with Bash internals) and a structure contain-
+ing the name of the new command, the function to call when
+the new builtin is invoked (presumably defined in the shared
+object specified as an argument), and the documentation to
+be printed by the _\bh_\be_\bl_\bp command (possibly present in the
+shared object as well). It would manage the details of
+extending the internal table of builtins.
+
+ A few other builtins would also be desirable: two are
+the POSIX.2 _\bg_\be_\bt_\bc_\bo_\bn_\bf command, which prints the values of sys-
+tem configuration variables defined by POSIX.2, and a _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bo_\bw_\bn
+builtin, which causes a shell running with job control
+active to "forget about" one or more background jobs in its
+internal jobs table. Using _\bg_\be_\bt_\bc_\bo_\bn_\bf, for example, a user
+could retrieve a value for $_\bP_\bA_\bT_\bH guaranteed to find all of
+the POSIX standard utilities, or find out how long filenames
+may be in the file system containing a specified directory.
+
+ There are no implementation timetables for any of these
+features, nor are there concrete plans to include them. If
+anyone has comments on these proposals, feel free to send me
+electronic mail.
+
+_\b6. _\bR_\be_\bf_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bL_\be_\bs_\bs_\bo_\bn_\bs _\bL_\be_\ba_\br_\bn_\be_\bd
+
+ The lesson that has been repeated most often during
+Bash development is that there are dark corners in the
+Bourne shell, and people use all of them. In the original
+description of the Bourne shell, quoting and the shell gram-
+mar are both poorly specified and incomplete; subsequent
+descriptions have not helped much. The grammar presented in
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 16 -
+
+
+Bourne's paper describing the shell distributed with the
+Seventh Edition of UNIX|\b- is so far off that it does not
+allow the command who|wc. In fact, as Tom Duff states:
+
+ Nobody really knows what the Bourne shell's gram-
+ mar is. Even examination of the source code is
+ little help.|\b=
+
+The POSIX.2 standard includes a _\by_\ba_\bc_\bc grammar that comes
+close to capturing the Bourne shell's behavior, but it
+disallows some constructs which sh accepts without complaint
+- and there are scripts out there that use them. It took a
+few versions and several bug reports before Bash implemented
+sh-compatible quoting, and there are still some "legal" sh
+constructs which Bash flags as syntax errors. Complete sh
+compatibility is a tough nut.
+
+ The shell is bigger and slower than I would like,
+though the current version is substantially faster than pre-
+viously. The readline library could stand a substantial
+rewrite. A hand-written parser to replace the current
+_\by_\ba_\bc_\bc-generated one would probably result in a speedup, and
+would solve one glaring problem: the shell could parse com-
+mands in "$(...)" constructs as they are entered, rather
+than reporting errors when the construct is expanded.
+
+ As always, there is some chaff to go with the wheat.
+Areas of duplicated functionality need to be cleaned up.
+There are several cases where Bash treats a variable spe-
+cially to enable functionality available another way
+($notify vs. set -o notify and $nolinks vs. set -o physi-
+cal, for instance); the special treatment of the variable
+name should probably be removed. A few more things could
+stand removal; the $_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bo_\bw__\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl__\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb__\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn and
+$_\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb__\bd_\bo_\bt__\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs variables are of particularly question-
+able value. The $[...] arithmetic evaluation syntax is
+redundant now that the POSIX-mandated $((...)) construct has
+been implemented, and could be deleted. It would be nice if
+the text output by the _\bh_\be_\bl_\bp builtin were external to the
+shell rather than compiled into it. The behavior enabled by
+$_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd__\bo_\br_\bi_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, which causes the shell to attempt
+to save all lines of a multi-line command in a single his-
+tory entry, should be made the default and the variable
+removed.
+
+
+_________________________
+|\b-S. R. Bourne, "UNIX Time-Sharing System: The UNIX
+Shell", _\bB_\be_\bl_\bl _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bT_\be_\bc_\bh_\bn_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bJ_\bo_\bu_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl, 57(6), July-
+August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990.
+|\b=Tom Duff, "Rc - A Shell for Plan 9 and UNIX systems",
+_\bP_\br_\bo_\bc. _\bo_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be _\bS_\bu_\bm_\bm_\be_\br _\b1_\b9_\b9_\b0 _\bE_\bU_\bU_\bG _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be, London, July,
+1990, pp. 21-33.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+ - 17 -
+
+
+_\b7. _\bA_\bv_\ba_\bi_\bl_\ba_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by
+
+ As with all other GNU software, Bash is available for
+anonymous FTP from _\bp_\br_\be_\bp._\ba_\bi._\bm_\bi_\bt._\be_\bd_\bu:/_\bp_\bu_\bb/_\bg_\bn_\bu and from other
+GNU software mirror sites. The current version is in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh-
+_\b1._\b1_\b4._\b1._\bt_\ba_\br._\bg_\bz in that directory. Use _\ba_\br_\bc_\bh_\bi_\be to find the
+nearest archive site. The latest version is always avail-
+able for FTP from _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh._\bC_\bW_\bR_\bU._\bE_\bd_\bu:/_\bp_\bu_\bb/_\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt. Bash documenta-
+tion is available for FTP from _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh._\bC_\bW_\bR_\bU._\bE_\bd_\bu:/_\bp_\bu_\bb/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh.
+
+ The Free Software Foundation sells tapes and CD-ROMs
+containing Bash; send electronic mail to gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+or call +1-617-876-3296 for more information.
+
+ Bash is also distributed with several versions of
+UNIX-compatible systems. It is included as /bin/sh and
+/bin/bash on several Linux distributions (more about the
+difference in a moment), and as contributed software in
+BSDI's BSD/386* and FreeBSD.
+
+ The Linux distribution deserves special mention. There
+are two configurations included in the standard Bash distri-
+bution: a "normal" configuration, in which all of the stan-
+dard features are included, and a "minimal" configuration,
+which omits job control, aliases, history and command line
+editing, the directory stack and _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bd/_\bp_\bo_\bp_\bd/_\bd_\bi_\br_\bs, process
+substitution, prompt string special character decoding, and
+the _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt construct. This minimal version is designed to
+be a drop-in replacement for the traditional UNIX /bin/sh,
+and is included as the Linux /bin/sh in several packagings.
+
+_\b8. _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bc_\bl_\bu_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
+
+ Bash is a worthy successor to sh. It is sufficiently
+portable to run on nearly every version of UNIX from 4.3 BSD
+to SVR4.2, and several UNIX workalikes. It is robust enough
+to replace sh on most of those systems, and provides more
+functionality. It has several thousand regular users, and
+their feedback has helped to make it as good as it is today
+- a testament to the benefits of free software.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_________________________
+*BSD/386 is a trademark of Berkeley Software Design,
+Inc.
+
+
+
+
+ October 28, 1994
+
+
--- /dev/null
+BASH(1) BASH(1)
+
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [file]
+
+C\bCO\bOP\bPY\bYR\bRI\bIG\bGH\bHT\bT
+ Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is an s\bsh\bh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
+ commands read from the standard input or from a file. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also incor-
+ porates useful features from the _\bK_\bo_\br_\bn and _\bC shells (k\bks\bsh\bh and c\bcs\bsh\bh).
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Shell and
+ Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification (IEEE Standard
+ 1003.1). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
+
+O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the
+ description of the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh interprets the following
+ options when it is invoked:
+
+ -\b-c\bc _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg If the -\b-c\bc option is present, then commands are read from
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If there are arguments after the _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, they are
+ assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $\b$0\b0.
+ -\b-i\bi If the -\b-i\bi option is present, the shell is _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be.
+ -\b-l\bl Make b\bba\bas\bsh\bh act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
+ I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+ -\b-r\br If the -\b-r\br option is present, the shell becomes _\br_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
+ -\b-s\bs If the -\b-s\bs option is present, or if no arguments remain after
+ option processing, then commands are read from the standard
+ input. This option allows the positional parameters to be
+ set when invoking an interactive shell.
+ -\b-D\bD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $\b$ is printed
+ on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub-
+ ject to language translation when the current locale is not C\bC
+ or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX. This implies the -\b-n\bn option; no commands will be
+ executed.
+ [\b[-\b-+\b+]\b]O\bO [\b[_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]\b]
+ _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is one of the shell options accepted by the
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). If
+ _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is present, -\b-O\bO sets the value of that option; +\b+O\bO
+ unsets it. If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not supplied, the names and
+ values of the shell options accepted by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt are printed on
+ the standard output. If the invocation option is +\b+O\bO, the
+ output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+ -\b--\b- A -\b--\b- signals the end of options and disables further option
+ processing. Any arguments after the -\b--\b- are treated as file-
+ names and arguments. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to -\b--\b-.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These
+ options must appear on the command line before the single-character
+ options to be recognized.
+
+ -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br
+ Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+ starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description
+ of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below) and shell
+ function tracing (see the description of the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be option
+ to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin below).
+ -\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-p\bpo\bo-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
+ Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt p\bpo\bo (por-
+ table object) file format.
+ -\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
+ Equivalent to -\b-D\bD.
+ -\b--\b-h\bhe\bel\blp\bp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success-
+ fully.
+ -\b--\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ Execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of the standard personal ini-
+ tialization file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive (see
+ I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+
+ -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn
+ Equivalent to -\b-l\bl.
+
+ -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
+ Do not use the GNU r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library to read command lines when
+ the shell is interactive.
+
+ -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be
+ Do not read either the system-wide startup file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or
+ any of the personal initialization files _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, or _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads these
+ files when it is invoked as a login shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ below).
+
+ -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by
+ default if the shell is invoked as s\bsh\bh.
+
+ -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx
+ Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default operation differs
+ from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
+
+ -\b--\b-r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd
+ The shell becomes restricted (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
+
+ -\b--\b-v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
+ Equivalent to -\b-v\bv.
+
+ -\b--\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ Show version information for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh on the stan-
+ dard output and exit successfully.
+
+A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
+ If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -\b-c\bc nor the
+ -\b-s\bs option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the
+ name of a file containing shell commands. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked in this
+ fashion, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parame-
+ ters are set to the remaining arguments. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes com-
+ mands from this file, then exits. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's exit status is the exit sta-
+ tus of the last command executed in the script. If no commands are
+ executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the
+ file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell
+ searches the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for the script.
+
+I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ A _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one whose first character of argument zero is a -\b-, or
+ one started with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option.
+
+ An _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be shell is one started without non-option arguments and
+ without the -\b-c\bc option whose standard input and error are both connected
+ to terminals (as determined by _\bi_\bs_\ba_\bt_\bt_\by(3)), or one started with the -\b-i\bi
+ option. P\bPS\bS1\b1 is set and $\b$-\b- includes i\bi if b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, allowing
+ a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
+
+ The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
+ If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
+ Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
+ s\bsi\bio\bon\bn in the E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN section.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
+ active shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it first reads and executes com-
+ mands from the file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, if that file exists. After reading
+ that file, it looks for _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, and _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
+ in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
+ exists and is readable. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used when the
+ shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
+
+ When a login shell exits, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes commands from the
+ file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt, if it exists.
+
+ When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists. This
+ may be inhibited by using the -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option. The -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be option
+ will force b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for
+ example, it looks for the variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV in the environment, expands
+ its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name
+ of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
+ mand were executed:
+ if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
+ but the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not used to search for the file
+ name.
+
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup
+ behavior of historical versions of s\bsh\bh as closely as possible, while
+ conforming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interac-
+ tive login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option,
+ it first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to
+ inhibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the
+ name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh looks for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is
+ defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and
+ execute. Since a shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and exe-
+ cute commands from any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no
+ effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not
+ attempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode after the startup files are read.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
+ option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode,
+ interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and commands are read and
+ executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other
+ startup files are read.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+ connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell daemon,
+ usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh determines it
+ is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if
+ invoked as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may be used to inhibit this behavior,
+ and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to force another file to be read,
+ but _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd does not generally invoke the shell with those options or
+ allow them to be specified.
+
+ If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, no startup
+ files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+ the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored,
+ and the effective user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option
+ is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is the same, but the
+ effective user id is not reset.
+
+D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
+ ment.
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk A space or tab.
+ w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
+ shell. Also known as a t\bto\bok\bke\ben\bn.
+ n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
+ scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
+ score. Also referred to as an i\bid\bde\ben\bnt\bti\bif\bfi\bie\ber\br.
+ m\bme\bet\bta\bac\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br
+ A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
+ following:
+ |\b| &\b& ;\b; (\b( )\b) <\b< >\b> s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be t\bta\bab\bb
+ c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bto\bor\br
+ A _\bt_\bo_\bk_\be_\bn that performs a control function. It is one of the fol-
+ lowing symbols:
+ |\b||\b| &\b& &\b&&\b& ;\b; ;\b;;\b; (\b( )\b) |\b| |\b|&\b& <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>
+
+R\bRE\bES\bSE\bER\bRV\bVE\bED\bD W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
+ _\bR_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The
+ following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the
+ first word of a simple command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below) or the third
+ word of a c\bca\bas\bse\be or f\bfo\bor\br command:
+
+ !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt t\bth\bhe\ben\bn u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl
+ w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be {\b{ }\b} t\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[[\b[ ]\b]]\b]
+
+S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ S\bSi\bim\bmp\bpl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
+ A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
+ lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
+ _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. The first word specifies the command to be executed,
+ and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as
+ arguments to the invoked command.
+
+ The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
+ the command is terminated by signal _\bn.
+
+ P\bPi\bip\bpe\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
+ A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
+ the control operators |\b| or |\b|&\b&. The format for a pipeline is:
+
+ [t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ [|\b|||\b|&\b&] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
+
+ The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to the standard
+ input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
+ tions specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is used,
+ the standard error of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input
+ through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirect-
+ ion of the standard error is performed after any redirections specified
+ by the command.
+
+ The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
+ unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
+ pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
+ to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
+ fully. If the reserved word !\b! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of
+ that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+ above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate
+ before returning a value.
+
+ If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as
+ user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the
+ pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to that
+ specified by POSIX. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be set to a format
+ string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed;
+ see the description of T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs below.
+
+ Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in
+ a subshell).
+
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
+ A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
+ operators ;\b;, &\b&, &\b&&\b&, or |\b||\b|, and optionally terminated by one of ;\b;, &\b&, or
+ <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
+
+ Of these list operators, &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| have equal precedence, followed by ;\b;
+ and &\b&, which have equal precedence.
+
+ A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
+ semicolon to delimit commands.
+
+ If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
+ cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
+ wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands
+ separated by a ;\b; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
+ command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of
+ the last command executed.
+
+ AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by
+ the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
+ executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form
+
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
+
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
+ of zero.
+
+ An OR list has the form
+
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 |\b||\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
+
+
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if and only if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
+ status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
+ the last command executed in the list.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following:
+
+ (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell environment (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bU-\b-
+ T\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below). Variable assignments and builtin com-
+ mands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in
+ effect after the command completes. The return status is the
+ exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
+
+ { _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; }
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is simply executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known
+ as a _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are
+ _\br_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
+ to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
+ must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
+ metacharacter.
+
+ ((_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn))
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules described
+ below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of the expres-
+ sion is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return
+ status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to l\ble\bet\bt "\b"_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn"\b".
+
+ [\b[[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn ]\b]]\b]
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the
+ words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]; tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution,
+ process substitution, and quote removal are performed. Condi-
+ tional operators such as -\b-f\bf must be unquoted to be recognized as
+ primaries.
+
+ When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
+ of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
+ the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. If the shell
+ option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the match is performed without
+ regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value
+ is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not match (!\b!=\b=) the pat-
+ tern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
+ force it to be matched as a string.
+
+ An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
+ precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
+ right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
+ sion and matched accordingly (as in _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx(3)). The return value
+ is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the
+ regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+ expression's return value is 2. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
+ is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
+ alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
+ force it to be matched as a string. Substrings matched by
+ parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are
+ saved in the array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH. The element of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index 0 is the portion of the string matching
+ the entire regular expression. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with
+ index _\bn is the portion of the string matching the _\bnth parenthe-
+ sized subexpression.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence:
+
+ (\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn )\b)
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
+ override the normal precedence of operators.
+ !\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is false.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2
+ True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 are true.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 |\b||\b| _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2
+ True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 is true.
+
+ The &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| operators do not evaluate _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 if the value
+ of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
+ the entire conditional expression.
+
+ f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd ] ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
+ items. The variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of this list in
+ turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omit-
+ ted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each positional
+ parameter that is set (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). The return status
+ is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the
+ expansion of the items following i\bin\bn results in an empty list, no
+ commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
+
+ f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ First, the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 is evaluated according to
+ the rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. The
+ arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
+ it evaluates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero
+ value, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 is
+ evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
+ evaluates to 1. The return value is the exit status of the last
+ command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt that is executed, or false if any of the expres-
+ sions is invalid.
+
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd ] ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
+ items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+ error, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
+ the positional parameters are printed (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
+ The P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
+ dard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to
+ one of the displayed words, then the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to
+ that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
+ played again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other
+ value read causes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be set to null. The line read is
+ saved in the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each
+ selection until a b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk command is executed. The exit status of
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ or zero if no commands were executed.
+
+ c\bca\bas\bse\be _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd i\bin\bn [ [(] _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn [ |\b| _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn ] ... ) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ;; ] ... e\bes\bsa\bac\bc
+ A c\bca\bas\bse\be command first expands _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and tries to match it against
+ each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in turn, using the same matching rules as for path-
+ name expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
+ sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, process
+ substitution and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is
+ expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
+ sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, and process
+ substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
+ match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
+ characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
+ executed. If the ;\b;;\b; operator is used, no subsequent matches are
+ attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
+ ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
+ the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
+ shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
+ and execute any associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt on a successful match. The exit
+ status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit
+ status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
+
+ i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b; [ e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] ... [ e\bel\bls\bse\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] f\bfi\bi
+ The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
+ turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the e\bel\bls\bse\be
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
+ tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested
+ true.
+
+ w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
+ The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt as long as
+ the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt returns an exit status of zero. The
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command, except that the
+ test is negated; the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed as long as the last
+ command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status
+ of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status of the last
+ d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt command executed, or zero if none was executed.
+
+ C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs is a shell command preceded by the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc reserved word. A
+ coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+ had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
+ established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+
+ The format for a coprocess is:
+
+ c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc [_\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]
+
+ This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
+ default name is _\bC_\bO_\bP_\bR_\bO_\bC. _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE must not be supplied if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\b-
+ _\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
+ of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates
+ an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the
+ executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
+ pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
+ descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
+ that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
+ before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
+ commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
+ id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
+ value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
+ to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+
+ The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
+
+ S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl F\bFu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bit\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
+ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+ executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+ Shell functions are declared as follows:
+
+ [ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn ] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be () _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
+ This defines a function named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
+ parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
+ pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
+ That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
+ may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed whenever _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name
+ of a simple command. Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below)
+ specified when a function is defined are performed when the
+ function is executed. The exit status of a function definition
+ is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with
+ the same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of
+ a function is the exit status of the last command executed in
+ the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
+
+C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
+ In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\br-\b-
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
+ all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
+ shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
+ comments. The i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option is on by default in interac-
+ tive shells.
+
+Q\bQU\bUO\bOT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
+ words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
+ for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
+ as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
+
+ Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
+ meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
+
+ When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below), the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, usually !\b!, must
+ be quoted to prevent history expansion.
+
+ There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
+ quotes, and double quotes.
+
+ A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
+ literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
+ <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
+ itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
+ is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
+
+ Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
+ each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between
+ single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+
+ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
+ all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
+ when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
+ their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
+ special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
+ $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
+ quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion
+ will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
+ using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !\b! is not removed.
+
+ The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
+ quotes (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
+
+ Words of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated specially. The word expands to
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
+ ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
+ as follows:
+ \\b\a\ba alert (bell)
+ \\b\b\bb backspace
+ \\b\e\be an escape character
+ \\b\f\bf form feed
+ \\b\n\bn new line
+ \\b\r\br carriage return
+ \\b\t\bt horizontal tab
+ \\b\v\bv vertical tab
+ \\b\\\b\ backslash
+ \\b\'\b' single quote
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ _\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+ \\b\c\bc_\bx a control-_\bx character
+
+ The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+ been present.
+
+ A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($\b$) will cause the
+ string to be translated according to the current locale. If the cur-
+ rent locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the string
+ is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
+
+P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
+ A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
+ ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
+
+ A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+ a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+ the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
+
+ If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). If the variable has its i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute set, then _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
+ is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion
+ is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
+ performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
+ ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands.
+
+ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
+ shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to
+ or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari-
+ able for which the integer attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
+ as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
+ which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using
+ compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
+ unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array
+ beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
+ arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
+ When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
+ appended to the variable's value.
+
+ P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
+
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+
+ S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+ *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
+ gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first
+ character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. That is, "$\b$*\b*" is equiva-
+ lent to "$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b.", where _\bc is the first character of the value
+ of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
+ rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
+ without intervening separators.
+ @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter
+ expands to a separate word. That is, "$\b$@\b@" is equivalent to "$\b$1\b1"
+ "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+ the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
+ ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
+ parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
+ When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
+ nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+ #\b# Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+ ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+ ground pipeline.
+ -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+ tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
+ $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+ expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+ shell.
+ !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
+ ground (asynchronous) command.
+ 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
+ at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of com-
+ mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
+ with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
+ the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
+ set to the file name used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
+ zero.
+ _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
+ the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+ ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
+ argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
+ the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
+ placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
+ ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+ rently being checked.
+
+ S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
+ The following variables are set by the shell:
+
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
+ Expands to the process id of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin Ele-
+ ments added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting
+ array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
+ extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below)
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
+ cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
+ shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
+ the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ below)
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
+ unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
+ hash table.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
+ unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
+ trap.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files corresponding to each member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE.
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file where
+ $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if refer-
+ enced within another shell function). The corresponding source
+ file name is $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}.\b. U\bUs\bse\be L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO t\bto\bo o\bob\bbt\bta\bai\bin\bn t\bth\bhe\be c\bcu\bur\br-\b-
+ r\bre\ben\bnt\bt l\bli\bin\bne\be n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br.\b.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
+ expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression. This vari-
+ able is read-only.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre-
+ sponding to the elements in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array variable.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment
+ is spawned. The initial value is 0.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
+ A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ members are as follows:
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[2]\b] The patch level.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[3]\b] The build version.
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba_\b1).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
+
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
+ The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
+ rent completion function.
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ below).
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ below).
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+ attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ below).
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ quently reset.
+
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The words are split on
+ shell metacharacters as the shell parser would separate them.
+ This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by
+ the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
+
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ quently reset.
+
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
+
+ F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
+ is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
+ tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a
+ shell function is executing. Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no
+ effect and return an error status. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it
+ loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
+ and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
+ special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
+ The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+ command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+ H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ Automatically set to the name of the current host.
+
+ H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ dependent.
+
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
+ ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+ M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
+
+ O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ dent.
+
+ P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
+
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ only.
+
+ P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
+
+ R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
+ 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be
+ initialized by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset,
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ reset.
+
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ no arguments are supplied.
+
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
+ is subsequently reset.
+
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ startup files. This variable is read-only.
+
+ S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
+
+ U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
+ startup. This variable is readonly.
+
+ The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
+
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant file name.
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
+ directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ ".:~:/usr".
+ C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
+ receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ an emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
+ F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
+ F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
+ G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
+ A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames
+ to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a
+ pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in
+ G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
+ of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
+ The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ the command history is not saved when an interactive shell
+ exits.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
+ no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
+ The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it
+ when an interactive shell exits.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+ anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
+ plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
+ tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
+ matching characters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&'
+ may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+ before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a
+ multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
+ history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is 500.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ other history lines.
+ H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
+ the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
+ when performing tilde expansion.
+ H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
+ attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of
+ possible hostname completions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the
+ hostname list is cleared.
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
+ after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
+ line>''.
+ I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
+ Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
+ character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ end of input to the shell.
+ I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
+ default of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ variable specifying a locale category.
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
+ sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ pattern matching.
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ formatting.
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
+ receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file name and the M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH vari-
+ able is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of mail in
+ the specified file.
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
+ default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
+ The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
+ may be specified by separating the file name from the message
+ with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to
+ the name of the current mailfile. Example:
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
+ mail!"'
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
+ tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
+ (e.g., /var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ shell script is executed.
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
+ ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''.
+ P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed.
+ P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
+ primary prompt.
+ P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
+ the \\b\w\bw a\ban\bnd\bd \\b\W\bW p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\bes\bs (\b(s\bse\bee\be P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ ``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
+ P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
+ command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
+ execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
+ tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
+ rection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari-
+ able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
+ it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
+ T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
+ %\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
+ %\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
+ %\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]U\bU The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+ %\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+ %\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
+ no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ used.
+
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ the fraction is included.
+
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
+ timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
+ when the format string is displayed.
+
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
+ default timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
+ nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
+ issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
+ that number of seconds if input does not arrive.
+
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
+
+ a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
+ This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
+ tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
+ %\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
+
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+
+ A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
+ referenced using arbitrary strings.
+
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
+ an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or
+ equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is
+ also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
+
+ Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+
+ Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket
+ and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional
+ brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other-
+ wise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by
+ the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+
+ When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
+
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
+ introduced above.
+
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
+ expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
+ expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
+ ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
+ is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.
+
+ The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
+ avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename generation. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
+ or @\b@, removes the entire array.
+
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
+ array. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words
+ read from the standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins
+ display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assign-
+ ments.
+
+E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ _\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+
+ The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
+ ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
+ in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion.
+
+ On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change
+ the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
+ word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
+ of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}" as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
+
+ B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
+ form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
+ to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
+
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
+
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Note that both
+ _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
+ is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
+ 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+
+ Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
+
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
+ expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+ A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+
+ This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of
+ the strings to be generated is longer than in the above example:
+
+ mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+ or
+ chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ +\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
+ mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ with the specified login name.
+
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
+ replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
+ displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
+
+ If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
+ unchanged.
+
+ Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
+ ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
+ also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in
+ assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
+ expanded value.
+
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ could be interpreted as part of the name.
+
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+ embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
+ expansion.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
+ to be interpreted as part of its name.
+
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point, a level of
+ variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of the vari-
+ able formed from the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the variable;
+ this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
+ the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This is
+ known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expansions
+ of ${!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
+ must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
+ tion.
+
+ In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
+ ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
+ below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
+ colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ is substituted.
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
+ expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
+ parameters may not be assigned to in this way.
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ is substituted.
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn.\b. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
+ ing at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
+ arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ used as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
+ beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name sub-
+ scripted by @ or *, the result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the
+ array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is
+ taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the
+ specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative
+ array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset
+ must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid
+ being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is
+ zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which
+ case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and
+ the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
+
+ ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
+ ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.\b. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ word.
+
+ ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
+ ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs.\b. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ each key expands to a separate word.
+
+ ${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh.\b. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ tuted is the number of elements in the array.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b##\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
+ a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
+ the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
+ R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
+ a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
+ a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
+ result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
+ the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
+ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
+ the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
+ replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at the begin-
+ ning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with
+ %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ fol-
+ lowing _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the sub-
+ stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
+ converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
+ operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
+ ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value.. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows the output of a command to replace the com-
+ mand name. There are two forms:
+
+
+ $\b$(\b(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd)\b)
+ or
+ `\b`_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd`\b`
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd and replacing the com-
+ mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
+ trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they
+ may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
+
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+
+ Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
+ form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
+
+ A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ sion is:
+
+ $\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
+
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
+ tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion,
+ command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ nested.
+
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
+ indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
+
+ P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
+ (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
+ of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
+ put connected to a _\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO or some file in /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd. The name of this file
+ is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+ expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
+ vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
+ an argument should be read to obtain the output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
+
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ expansion.
+
+ W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
+
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
+ then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
+ delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
+ sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be and t\bta\bab\bb are ignored at the
+ beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+ in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
+ characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
+ is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
+ splitting occurs.
+
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
+ null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no
+ values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
+ double quotes, a null argument results and is retained.
+
+ Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
+
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
+ alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no
+ matching file names are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not
+ enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set,
+ and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed
+ and the command is not executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the
+ character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or immediately following a
+ slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
+ matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not
+ treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\bl-\b-
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
+
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. The file names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always
+ ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ option, so all other file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To
+ get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
+ make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
+ disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset.
+
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
+
+ Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
+
+ The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
+ s\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a filename expan-
+ sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
+ match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+ If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
+ and subdirectories.
+ ?\b? Matches any single character.
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
+ ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any char-
+ acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
+ the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
+ matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
+ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
+ of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
+ A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
+ ter in the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
+ character in the set.
+
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
+ defined in the POSIX standard:
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
+ s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
+ A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+ The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
+ acter _.
+
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
+ tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
+ _\bc.
+
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collating sym-
+ bol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
+
+ If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
+ by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
+ lowing sub-patterns:
+
+ ?\b?(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
+ Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
+ *\b*(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
+ Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
+ +\b+(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
+ Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
+ @\b@(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
+ Matches one of the given patterns
+ !\b!(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
+ Matches anything except one of the given patterns
+
+ Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
+ After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ are removed.
+
+R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
+ also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
+ environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
+ anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may follow a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections
+ are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
+
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
+
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan-
+ sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
+ expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
+
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ command
+
+ ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
+
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ while the command
+
+ ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
+
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was
+ redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
+ tions, as described in the following table:
+
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ cated.
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
+ File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdo\bou\but\bt
+ File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bde\ber\brr\br
+ File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
+ If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
+ /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
+ If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
+
+ A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ nally.
+
+ R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
+ Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
+
+ The general format for redirecting input is:
+
+ [_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
+ expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ size.
+
+ The general format for redirecting output is:
+
+ [_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
+ the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
+ direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
+
+ A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
+ results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
+ descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+
+ The general format for appending output is:
+
+ [_\bn]>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+
+ R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
+
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
+ error:
+
+ &\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ and
+ >\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ Of the two forms, the first is preferred. This is semantically equiva-
+ lent to
+
+ >\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
+
+
+ A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
+
+ The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+
+ &\b&>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ This is semantically equivalent to
+
+ >\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
+
+ H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ as the standard input for a command.
+
+ The format of here-documents is:
+
+ <\b<<\b<[-\b-]_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ _\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
+ _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
+
+ No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
+ pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any characters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are
+ quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
+ lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
+ lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
+ character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
+ the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
+
+ If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
+ allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ fashion.
+
+ H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
+ A variant of here documents, the format is:
+
+ <\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.
+
+ D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
+ The redirection operator
+
+ [_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
+ descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
+ ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
+ standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+
+ The operator
+
+ [_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+ error are redirected as described previously.
+
+ M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
+ The redirection operator
+
+ [_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
+
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
+ being duplicated to _\bn.
+
+ Similarly, the redirection operator
+
+ [_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
+
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
+
+ O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
+ The redirection operator
+
+ [_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+
+A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+
+ Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
+ the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
+
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ below).
+
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
+ before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
+ expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
+ an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+ not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
+ following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
+ alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+ Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+ function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
+ pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not
+ available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
+ put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
+ pound commands.
+
+ For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
+
+F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
+ interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell
+ execution environment are identical between a function and its caller
+ with the exception that the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description
+ of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inher-
+ ited unless the function has been given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the
+ description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (in which case all func-
+ tions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps).
+
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
+ function and its caller.
+
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ values they had prior to the function's execution.
+
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
+ functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden-
+ tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
+ dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+
+ Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
+ recursive calls.
+
+A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
+ for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+ The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
+ same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
+ into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
+ order of decreasing precedence.
+
+ _\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
+ variable post-increment and post-decrement
+ +\b++\b+_\bi_\bd -\b--\b-_\bi_\bd
+ variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+ -\b- +\b+ unary minus and plus
+ !\b! ~\b~ logical and bitwise negation
+ *\b**\b* exponentiation
+ *\b* /\b/ %\b% multiplication, division, remainder
+ +\b+ -\b- addition, subtraction
+ <\b<<\b< >\b>>\b> left and right bitwise shifts
+ <\b<=\b= >\b>=\b= <\b< >\b>
+ comparison
+ =\b==\b= !\b!=\b= equality and inequality
+ &\b& bitwise AND
+ ^\b^ bitwise exclusive OR
+ |\b| bitwise OR
+ &\b&&\b& logical AND
+ |\b||\b| logical OR
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br?\b?_\be_\bx_\bp_\br:\b:_\be_\bx_\bp_\br
+ conditional operator
+ =\b= *\b*=\b= /\b/=\b= %\b%=\b= +\b+=\b= -\b-=\b= <\b<<\b<=\b= >\b>>\b>=\b= &\b&=\b= ^\b^=\b= |\b|=\b=
+ assignment
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ comma
+
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+ to be used in an expression.
+
+ Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading
+ 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
+ [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing
+ the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omit-
+ ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented
+ by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that
+ order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+ letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and
+ 35.
+
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ above.
+
+C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
+ unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ is checked.
+
+ Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
+ bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
+ itself.
+
+ -\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists.
+ -\b-b\bb _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a block special file.
+ -\b-c\bc _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a character special file.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a directory.
+ -\b-e\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists.
+ -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a regular file.
+ -\b-g\bg _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is set-group-id.
+ -\b-h\bh _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
+ -\b-k\bk _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
+ -\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+ -\b-r\br _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is readable.
+ -\b-s\bs _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has a size greater than zero.
+ -\b-t\bt _\bf_\bd True if file descriptor _\bf_\bd is open and refers to a terminal.
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+ -\b-w\bw _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is writable.
+ -\b-x\bx _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is executable.
+ -\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+ -\b-G\bG _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+ -\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
+ -\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
+ -\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ read.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ does not.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ bers.
+ -\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ True if shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin below.
+ -\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is non-zero.
+
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= may be used in place of =\b==\b= for
+ strict POSIX compliance.
+
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if the strings are not equal.
+
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 <\b< _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts before _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
+ current locale.
+
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 >\b> _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
+ current locale.
+
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers.
+
+S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+ expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ for later processing.
+
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ are the arguments.
+
+ 3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
+
+ 4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+ expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ able.
+
+ If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ zero status.
+
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+ affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ command to exit with a non-zero status.
+
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
+ zero.
+
+C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ taken.
+
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
+
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
+ remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
+ named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
+ with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
+ arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
+ the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+ message and returns an exit status of 127.
+
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
+ tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
+ ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
+
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
+ under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the child.
+
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
+ cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ the command arguments, if any.
+
+C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ ing:
+
+
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
+
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ inherited by the shell at invocation
+
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ the shell's parent
+
+ +\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+
+ +\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
+ or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ shell's parent in the environment
+
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+
+ +\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+
+ +\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
+
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of $\b$P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
+
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ ited from the shell.
+
+
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ specified by redirections to the command
+
+ +\bo the current working directory
+
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask
+
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+
+ +\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
+ the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ shell's execution environment.
+
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
+ of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
+ reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
+ tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
+ executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
+ ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+
+ Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash
+ clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
+
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
+ default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
+ Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
+ calling shell as modified by redirections.
+
+E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
+
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
+ invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
+ ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
+ replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
+
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
+ ronment seen by that command.
+
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ just those that precede the command name.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
+ ronment.
+
+E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ _\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
+ are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
+ will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
+
+ For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
+
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
+ returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ the return status is 126.
+
+ If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+ the exit status is greater than zero.
+
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
+ unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
+
+S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
+
+ Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
+ inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
+ effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
+ T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
+
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
+ using d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
+
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
+
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
+ tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
+
+J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
+ _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
+ execution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
+ interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
+
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ line that looks like:
+
+ [1] 25647
+
+ indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
+ last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
+
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
+ _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
+ ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
+ erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
+ write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from
+ (write to) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal by the ter-
+ minal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
+ ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
+ returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
+ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
+ pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
+
+ There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
+ name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
+ matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
+ other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
+ line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
+ error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\b-
+ _\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+ or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using
+ %\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer
+ to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+ j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with a +\b+, and the pre-
+ vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
+ tion) also refers to the current job.
+
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
+
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
+ exits.
+
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
+
+P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt
+ strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
+ special characters that are decoded as follows:
+ \\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ 26")
+ \\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
+ inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
+ in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
+ required
+ \\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
+ \\b\h\bh the hostname up to the first `.'
+ \\b\H\bH the hostname
+ \\b\j\bj the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
+ \\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
+ \\b\n\bn newline
+ \\b\r\br carriage return
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ following the final slash)
+ \\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
+ \\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
+ \\b\@\b@ the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
+ \\b\A\bA the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
+ \\b\u\bu the username of the current user
+ \\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
+ \\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ with a tilde (uses the $\b$P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM variable)
+ \\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
+ abbreviated with a tilde
+ \\b\!\b! the history number of this command
+ \\b\#\b# the command number of this command
+ \\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
+ \\b\\\b\ a backslash
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ prompt
+ \\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
+
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
+ commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
+ is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
+ the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
+ under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
+ Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
+ By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A
+ vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ while pressing the _\bx key.)
+
+ Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ deviates from this are noted below.
+
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
+ _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
+ unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
+ separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
+ structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
+
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
+
+ For example, placing
+
+ M-Control-u: universal-argument
+ or
+ C-Meta-u: universal-argument
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ _\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
+
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ _\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
+
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
+ fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
+ _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
+
+ When using the form k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, _\bk_\be_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is the name
+ of a key spelled out in English. For example:
+
+ Control-u: universal-argument
+ Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+ Control-o: "> output"
+
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ text ``> output'' into the line).
+
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ the symbolic character names are not recognized.
+
+ "\C-u": universal-argument
+ "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
+ "\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
+
+ In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
+
+ The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
+ \\b\C\bC-\b- control prefix
+ \\b\M\bM-\b- meta prefix
+ \\b\e\be an escape character
+ \\b\\\b\ backslash
+ \\b\"\b" literal "
+ \\b\'\b' literal '
+
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ backslash escapes is available:
+ \\b\a\ba alert (bell)
+ \\b\b\bb backspace
+ \\b\d\bd delete
+ \\b\f\bf form feed
+ \\b\n\bn newline
+ \\b\r\br carriage return
+ \\b\t\bt horizontal tab
+ \\b\v\bv vertical tab
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ _\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+
+ When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
+ to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ text, including " and '.
+
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
+ Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behav-
+ ior. A variable may be set in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file with a statement of the
+ form
+
+ s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
+
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
+ to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
+
+ b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
+ line equivalents.
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
+ and to #\b# in vi command mode.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
+ in a case-insensitive fashion.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ ble completions.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ simply listed on the terminal.
+ c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx).
+ d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
+ e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
+ Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim-
+ ilar to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
+ v\bvi\bi.
+ e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
+ pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+ arrow keys.
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to o\bon\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+ attempts word completion.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to o\bon\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(0\b0)\b)
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list
+ is not limited.
+ h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ new line.
+ i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
+ regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+ m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable.
+ i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
+ k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
+ m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
+ m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
+ m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+ m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
+ m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the
+ user in the filename to be completed.
+ o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
+ p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ screen.
+ r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to o\bon\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
+ s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ If set to o\bon\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ the bell.
+ s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to o\bon\bn, words
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
+ instead of ringing the bell.
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ pletions.
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ are four parser directives used.
+
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+ no characters are required to isolate it.
+
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for
+ instance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ emacs mode.
+
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
+ the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
+ of the =\b= is tested against the both full name of the ter-
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ for instance.
+
+ a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
+ specific settings. Each program using the readline
+ library sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ file can test for a particular value. This could be used
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ Bash:
+
+ $\b$i\bif\bf Bash
+ # Quote the current or previous word
+ "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+ $\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf
+
+ $\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
+ command.
+
+ $\b$e\bel\bls\bse\be Commands in this branch of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive are executed if the
+ test fails.
+
+ $\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
+
+ $\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
+
+ S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
+ two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
+
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ search string becomes the current line.
+
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
+ the history list.
+
+ Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ string, any remembered search string is used.
+
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
+
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
+ panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
+ b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-a\ba)\b)
+ Move to the start of the current line.
+ e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
+ Move to the end of the line.
+ f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-f\bf)\b)
+ Move forward a character.
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-b\bb)\b)
+ Move back a character.
+ f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-f\bf)\b)
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
+ alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+ c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
+ screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
+ clearing the screen.
+ r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Refresh the current line.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
+ a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
+ Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ line, then restore the history line to its original state.
+ p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
+ Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
+ the list.
+ n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ the list.
+ b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
+ Move to the first line in the history.
+ e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ being entered.
+ r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ search.
+ f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ search.
+ n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
+ Search backward through the history starting at the current line
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ user.
+ n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ search for a string supplied by the user.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ non-incremental search.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
+ Search backward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ non-incremental search.
+ y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+ inserts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ "!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
+ y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last argument
+ of each line in turn. The history expansion facilities are used
+ to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion
+ had been specified.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
+ Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his-
+ tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
+ m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
+ expansion.
+ a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ for a description of alias expansion.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
+ i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
+ A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
+ o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+ argument is ignored.
+ e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bxC\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL,
+ $\b$E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
+ d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
+ Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of
+ the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last
+ character typed was not bound to d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br, then return E\bEO\bOF\bF.
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
+ f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
+ sor is deleted.
+ q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
+ t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
+ Insert a tab character.
+ s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
+ Insert the character typed.
+ t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Negative arguments have no effect.
+ t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
+ u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+ d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+ c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
+ Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
+ o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
+ numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ space. By default, this command is unbound.
+
+ K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-k\bk)\b)
+ Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
+ Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
+ u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ is.
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+ u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ the kill-ring.
+ d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
+ Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn
+ Kill the text in the current region.
+ c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
+ Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
+ c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
+ y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
+ Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
+ y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
+
+ N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
+ d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
+ u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the
+ numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
+ if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
+ neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
+ and so on.
+
+ C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
+ completion is attempted.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point.
+ i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
+ m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
+ b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
+ moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
+ argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
+ command is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by
+ default.
+ d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
+ is unbound by default.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
+ Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx /\b/)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
+ it as a filename.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ username.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
+ it as a username.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ shell variable.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
+ it as a shell variable.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ hostname.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
+ it as a hostname.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
+ p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
+ List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
+ it as a command name.
+ d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ matches.
+ d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ text against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ matches.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
+ Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
+
+ K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
+ s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ macro.
+ e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
+ Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
+ and store the definition.
+ c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+
+ M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
+ r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ bindings or variable assignments found there.
+ a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ (subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
+ d\bdo\bo-\b-u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-a\ba,\b, M\bM-\b-b\bb,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
+ If the metafied character _\bx is lowercase, run the command that
+ is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
+ p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
+ Metafy the next character typed. E\bES\bSC\bC f\bf is equivalent to M\bMe\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bf.
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
+ Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
+ r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ state.
+ t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
+ Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
+ s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the mark is set to that position.
+ e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ as the mark.
+ c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
+ A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ rences.
+ c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ quent occurrences.
+ i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
+ removed, the line will be executed by the shell.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
+ is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible
+ completions.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted,
+ replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
+ asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ pathname expansion.
+ d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
+ d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
+ Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
+ d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
+ d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
+ Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
+
+ P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities are invoked.
+
+ First, the command name is identified. If a compspec has been defined
+ for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible
+ completions for the word. If the command word is a full pathname, a
+ compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec
+ is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec
+ for the portion following the final slash.
+
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
+
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
+
+ Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
+ option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
+
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
+ described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
+ prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
+ become the possible completions.
+
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
+ variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being
+ completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the
+ third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. No filtering of the generated completions
+ against the word being completed is performed; the function or command
+ has complete freedom in generating the matches.
+
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
+
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ used to escape a newline, if necessary.
+
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
+ ing the pattern will be removed.
+
+ Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
+ added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
+ to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
+
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
+ defined, directory name completion is attempted.
+
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
+ added to the results of the other actions.
+
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
+ filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
+
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
+
+H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
+
+ On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. When the his-
+ tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the
+ preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed
+ depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When an inter-
+ active shell exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the his-
+ tory list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled (see
+ the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the lines
+ are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over-
+ written. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable,
+ the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are
+ written to the history file, marked with the history comment character,
+ so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history
+ comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.
+ After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no
+ more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set, no trunca-
+ tion is performed.
+
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ history list.
+
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
+ shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell
+ options.
+
+H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh.\b. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
+ perform history expansion by default.
+
+ History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
+ commands quickly.
+
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
+ parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
+ use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line
+ for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history
+ is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are available to manipulate the selected
+ words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read-
+ ing input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by
+ quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
+ the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !\b! by
+ default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history
+ expansion character.
+
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
+
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
+ option is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin), and r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
+ the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being
+ used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed history sub-
+ stitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for correc-
+ tion. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be used to see
+ what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs option to the
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history
+ list without actually executing them, so that they are available for
+ subsequent recall.
+
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ tory timestamps when writing the history file.
+
+ E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list.
+
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
+ !\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
+ !\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command line minus _\bn.
+ !\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
+ !\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ Refer to the most recent command starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
+ !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
+ Refer to the most recent command containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trail-
+ ing ?\b? may be omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a new-
+ line.
+ ^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1
+ with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/'' (see M\bMo\bod\bd-\b-
+ i\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
+ !\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
+
+ W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ rated by single spaces.
+
+ 0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
+ The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
+ _\bn The _\bnth word.
+ ^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
+ $\b$ The last argument.
+ %\b% The word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search.
+ _\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ event; the empty string is returned in that case.
+ x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
+ x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word.
+
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ previous command is used as the event.
+
+ M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
+
+ h\bh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
+ t\bt Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.
+ r\br Remove a trailing suffix of the form _\b._\bx_\bx_\bx, leaving the basename.
+ e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
+ p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
+ q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines.
+ s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
+ &\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
+ g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
+ G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
+ line.
+
+S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
+ as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
+ options. For example, the :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not
+ accept options.
+ :\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
+ returned.
+
+ .\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, file
+ names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
+ status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
+ commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
+ cannot be read.
+
+ a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ defined.
+
+ b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ without job control.
+
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bV]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+ -\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
+ Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
+ bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
+ -\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ way that they can be re-read.
+ -\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ read.
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output.
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ that they can be re-read.
+ -\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
+ -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ Read key bindings from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ Query about which keys invoke the named _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ Unbind all keys bound to the named _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+ -\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
+ Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
+ -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ current location of the insertion point. If the executed
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ editing state.
+
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ an error occurred.
+
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ equal to 1.
+
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
+
+ c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
+ Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
+ tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
+ out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ the call stack.
+
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
+ default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
+ the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
+ _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
+ option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
+ following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
+ lowed. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-
+ empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
+ argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
+ pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ fully changed; false otherwise.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
+
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
+ fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ or no matches were generated.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-E\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt]
+ [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
+ [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-E\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ pletion specifications. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command
+ completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
+
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
+
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
+ -\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
+ Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
+ if the compspec generates no matches.
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ the compspec generates no matches.
+ d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ spec generates no matches.
+ f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ shell functions.
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
+ line.
+ p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
+ results of the other actions.
+ -\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ list of possible completions:
+ a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
+ a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
+ Array variable names.
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ specified as -\b-b\bb.
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
+ d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
+ Directory names. May also be specified as -\b-d\bd.
+ d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
+ Names of disabled shell builtins.
+ e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ specified as -\b-e\be.
+ f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
+ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Names of shell functions.
+ g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bp Group names. May also be specified as -\b-g\bg.
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
+ Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
+ h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ be specified as -\b-j\bj.
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ -\b-k\bk.
+ r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
+ s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin.
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ builtin.
+ s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
+ s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
+ u\bus\bse\ber\br User names. May also be specified as -\b-u\bu.
+ v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be
+ Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
+ ified as -\b-v\bv.
+ -\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
+ The filename expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ generate the possible completions.
+ -\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ pleted.
+ -\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions.
+ -\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ array variable.
+ -\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for filename expansion.
+ It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+ -\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ pletion after all other options have been applied.
+ -\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
+ _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
+ other options have been applied.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
+ adding a completion specification.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
+ attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no comple-
+ tion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+
+ c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
+ Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
+ than or equal to 1.
+
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
+ played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The following
+ options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
+ specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above).
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above).
+ -\b-f\bf Use function names only.
+ -\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN )\b) is performed when the
+ variable is assigned a value.
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+ -\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
+ values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ variables.
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ environment.
+
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
+ able and +\b+r\br w\bwi\bil\bll\bl n\bno\bot\bt r\bre\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by a\bat\btt\btr\bri\bib\bbu\but\bte\be.\b. W\bWh\bhe\ben\bn u\bus\bse\bed\bd
+ i\bin\bn a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn,\b, m\bma\bak\bke\bes\bs e\bea\bac\bch\bh _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl,\b, a\bas\bs w\bwi\bit\bth\bh t\bth\bhe\be l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command.
+ If a variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the vari-
+ able is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function
+ using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an
+ array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see
+ A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable
+ name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read-
+ only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for
+ an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis-
+ tent function with -\b-f\bf.
+
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcp\bpl\blv\bv]\b]
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ entries from the list.
+ +\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
+ zero.
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
+ with zero.
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
+ entries.
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
+ -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
+
+ d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba n\bno\bor\br -\b-r\br
+ i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, t\bth\bhe\be s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl'\b's\bs n\bno\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb i\bis\bs u\bus\bse\bed\bd.\b. I\bIf\bf
+ t\bth\bhe\be -\b-h\bh o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs g\bgi\biv\bve\ben\bn,\b, e\bea\bac\bch\bh _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
+
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ interprets the following escape sequences:
+ \\b\a\ba alert (bell)
+ \\b\b\bb backspace
+ \\b\c\bc suppress further output
+ \\b\e\be an escape character
+ \\b\f\bf form feed
+ \\b\n\bn new line
+ \\b\r\br carriage return
+ \\b\t\bt horizontal tab
+ \\b\v\bv vertical tab
+ \\b\\\b\ backslash
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ _\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+
+ e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
+ a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
+
+ e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
+
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
+ rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+
+ e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
+ E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
+
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
+ tion.
+
+ f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
+ f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
+ rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ listing.
+
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
+
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
+ mand.
+
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
+ error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
+
+ f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ without job control.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
+ be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
+ ters is to be used.
+
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
+
+ If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
+
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ character found.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
+ an error occurs.
+
+ h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the full file name of the command is determined
+ by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remembered. If the -\b-p\bp
+ option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option causes
+ the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd option
+ causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
+ supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
+ pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ or an invalid option is supplied.
+
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ structures is printed.
+ -\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ -\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
+ format
+ -\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-c\bc
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-a\ban\bnr\brw\bw [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-p\bp _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
+ With no options, display the command history list with line num-
+ bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ following meanings:
+ -\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ history file.
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
+ current history.
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ ing the history file's contents.
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ quoted to disable normal history expansion.
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
+ the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
+
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set, the time stamp information associ-
+ ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+ marked with the history comment character. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
+ for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
+ writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
+ argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument
+ to -\b-p\bp fails.
+
+ j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
+ j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs -\b-x\bx _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs ... ]
+ The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ leader.
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
+ -\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
+
+ If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
+
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+
+ l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
+ 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
+
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
+
+ l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
+ Read lines from the standard input into array variable _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or
+ from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied. The vari-
+ able M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if supplied, have
+ the following meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ copied.
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ index is 0.
+ -\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ dard input.
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
+
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+ array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\b-
+ _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after the line is read but before the array
+ element is assigned.
+
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, or _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable.
+
+ p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
+ ing meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ manipulated.
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
+ -\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ last.
+
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
+ tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
+ fails.
+
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
+ contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
+ simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences,
+ which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for-
+ mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next
+ successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) for-
+ mats, %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in
+ the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal escapes
+ beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits), and %\b%q\bq causes
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
+ be reused as shell input.
+
+ The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+ _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
+
+ p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
+ p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ if supplied, have the following meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ manipulated.
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ zero) is at the top.
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ zero) is at the top.
+ _\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
+ new current working directory.
+
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ directory fails.
+
+ p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
+ is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ invalid option is supplied.
+
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b- _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt
+ _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
+ variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
+ ignored.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ input line, rather than newline.
+ -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings.
+ -\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
+ -\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input.
+ -\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
+ Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
+ line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
+ displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+ -\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ continuation.
+ -\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
+ ters are not echoed.
+ -\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ if the timeout is exceeded.
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
+
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ is not a function.
+
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+
+ s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
+ resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ meanings:
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
+ subsequent commands.
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
+ is effective only when job control is enabled.
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
+ executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
+ of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
+ or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+ cause the shell to exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is exe-
+ cuted before the shell exits.
+ -\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ for execution. This is enabled by default.
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ that precede the command name.
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ tion.
+ -\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ ignored by interactive shells.
+ -\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
+ a\bal\bll\ble\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt
+ Same as -\b-a\ba.
+ b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Same as -\b-B\bB.
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ face. This is enabled by default when the shell
+ is interactive, unless the shell is started with
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
+ e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
+ Same as -\b-E\bE.
+ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
+ Same as -\b-T\bT.
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
+ h\bha\bas\bsh\bha\bal\bll\bl Same as -\b-h\bh.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bte\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Same as -\b-H\bH.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described above under
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
+ active shells.
+ i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
+ m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
+ n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br
+ Same as -\b-C\bC.
+ n\bno\boe\bex\bxe\bec\bc Same as -\b-n\bn.
+ n\bno\bog\bgl\blo\bob\bb Same as -\b-f\bf.
+ n\bno\bol\blo\bog\bg Currently ignored.
+ n\bno\bot\bti\bif\bfy\by Same as -\b-b\bb.
+ n\bno\bou\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt Same as -\b-u\bu.
+ o\bon\bne\bec\bcm\bmd\bd Same as -\b-t\bt.
+ p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
+ Same as -\b-P\bP.
+ p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ is disabled by default.
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
+ p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
+ Same as -\b-p\bp.
+ v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ This also affects the editing interface used for
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
+ x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
+ If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ output.
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they appear in the
+ environment, are ignored. If the shell is started with
+ the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user
+ (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, these
+ actions are taken and the effective user id is set to
+ the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at
+ startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning
+ this option off causes the effective user and group ids
+ to be set to the real user and group ids.
+ -\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
+ -\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
+ interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
+ -\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ above). This is on by default.
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
+ rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
+ -\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ ited in such cases.
+ -\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
+ by default when the shell is interactive.
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ working directory. It uses the physical directory
+ structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
+ change the current directory.
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ with a -\b-.
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
+ options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
+ tional parameters remain unchanged.
+
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ tered.
+
+ s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
+
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
+ table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ wise.
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
+
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ (unset) by default.
+
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ valid shell option.
+
+ The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
+
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
+ c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ whose value is the directory to change to.
+ c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ shells.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ formed.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ exiting if any jobs are stopped.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
+ mand's =~ operator.
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ tially supplied does not exist.
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion.
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
+ If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
+ tive shells.
+ e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ enabled:
+ 1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
+ source file name and line number corresponding to
+ each function name supplied as an argument.
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ not executed.
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ in their descriptions above.
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
+ (\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
+ e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
+ above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
+ e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+ f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
+ f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ default.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
+ If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
+ text will match a files and zero or more directories and
+ subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/, only
+ directories and subdirectories match.
+ g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
+ If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
+ GNU error message format.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
+ fication.
+ h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ above). This is enabled by default.
+ h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
+ active login shell exits.
+ i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
+ If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ option is enabled by default.
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
+ rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+ l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ changed.
+ m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ played.
+ n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ completion is attempted on an empty line.
+ n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
+ n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
+ [\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
+ n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ rather than themselves.
+ p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
+ If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above) are enabled. This option is
+ enabled by default.
+ p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
+ If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ above. This option is enabled by default.
+ r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+ s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
+ ters.
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
+ If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ argument. This option is enabled by default.
+ x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ sequences by default.
+ s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
+ used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ plied, or if job control is not enabled.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
+ [\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
+ -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below.
+ !\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
+ (\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ the normal precedence of operators.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -o\bo _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is true.
+
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ evaluate conditional expressions using a set of rules
+ based on the number of arguments.
+
+ 0 arguments
+ The expression is false.
+ 1 argument
+ The expression is true if and only if the argument is not
+ null.
+ 2 arguments
+ If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
+ not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
+ false.
+ 3 arguments
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
+ result of the expression is the result of the binary test
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
+ exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ wise, the expression is false.
+ 4 arguments
+ If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ above.
+ 5 or more arguments
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ precedence using the rules listed above.
+
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
+
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
+ arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
+
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
+ fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
+
+ u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
+ can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
+ the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
+ and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
+ preted as follows:
+ -\b-a\ba All current limits are reported
+ -\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
+ -\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
+ -\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
+ -\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ children
+ -\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
+ -\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size
+ -\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
+ do not allow this value to be set)
+ -\b-p\bp The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
+ -\b-q\bq The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
+ -\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
+ -\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
+ -\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ user
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ shell
+ -\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
+ -\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
+
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
+ (the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
+ an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+
+ u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
+ The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
+ that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ and false otherwise.
+
+ u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
+
+ u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
+
+ w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ last process or job waited for.
+
+R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ disallowed or not performed:
+
+ +\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+
+ +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, E\bEN\bNV\bV, or B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+
+ +\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
+
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ builtin command
+
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ -\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
+
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ startup
+
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ startup
+
+ +\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+ ion operators
+
+ +\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
+ command
+
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
+
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ builtins
+
+ +\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
+
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd.
+
+ These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+
+ When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ spawned to execute the script.
+
+S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ _\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+ _\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+ _\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
+ _\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
+ _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be(3)
+
+F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bS
+ _\b/_\bb_\bi_\bn_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh
+ The b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executable
+ _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
+ The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ shell exits
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
+ Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
+
+A\bAU\bUT\bTH\bHO\bOR\bRS\bS
+ Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+ bfox@gnu.org
+
+ Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+ chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
+ If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ _\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
+
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
+
+ ALL bug reports should include:
+
+ The version number of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ The hardware and operating system
+ The compiler used to compile
+ A description of the bug behaviour
+ A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
+
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ it provides for filing a bug report.
+
+ Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
+ to _\bc_\bh_\be_\bt_\b@_\bp_\bo_\b._\bc_\bw_\br_\bu_\b._\be_\bd_\bu.
+
+B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
+ It's too big and too slow.
+
+ There are some subtle differences between b\bba\bas\bsh\bh and traditional versions
+ of s\bsh\bh, mostly because of the P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX specification.
+
+ Aliases are confusing in some uses.
+
+ Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
+
+ Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ unit.
+
+ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
+
+ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0 2008 December 29 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Mon Dec 29 16:49:01 EST 2008
+.\" Last Change: Sat Feb 7 20:50:40 EST 2009
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2008 December 29" "GNU Bash-4.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2009 February 7" "GNU Bash-4.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
.PP
This creates a coprocess named \fINAME\fP.
If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fICOPROC\fP.
+\fINAME\fP must not be supplied if \fIcommand\fP is a \fIsimple
+command\fP (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
+of the simple command.
When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
.B Arrays
below) named \fINAME\fP in the context of the executing shell.
file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
(or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fB.
+The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number.
.TP
.B BASH_REMATCH
below).
.TP
.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+The set of characters that the \fBreadline\fP library treats as word
separators when performing word completion.
If
.SM
.B COMP_WORDS
An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as \fBreadline\fP would split it, using
+\fBCOMP_WORDBREAKS\fP as described above.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
below).
.PP
In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-When not performing substring expansion, \fBbash\fP tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.
+.PP
+When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below,
+\fBbash\fP tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the colon
+results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
.PP
.PD 0
.TP
to lowercase.
The \fB^^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the
expanded value; the \fB^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value..
If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches
every character.
If
.PP
directs only the standard output to file
.IR dirlist ,
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output
before the standard output was redirected to
.IR dirlist .
.PP
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
of \fBcomment\-begin\fP, the value is inserted, otherwise
-the characters in \fBcomment-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of
+the characters in \fBcomment\-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of
the line.
In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
The default value of
Exit a login shell.
.TP
\fBmapfile\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBreadarray\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD
Read lines from the standard input into array variable
.IR array ,
or from file descriptor
is specified without
.BR \-c ,
the default quantum is 5000.
+When \fIcallback\fP is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+\fIcallback\fP is evaluated after the line is read but before the
+array element is assigned.
.PP
If not supplied with an explicit origin, \fBmapfile\fP will clear \fIarray\fP
before assigning to it.
reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
.TP
-\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-i\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
is assigned to the first
effective only when job control is enabled.
.TP 8
.B \-e
-Exit immediately if a \fIsimple command\fP (see
+Exit immediately if a \fIpipeline\fP (which may consist of a single
+\fIsimple command\fP), a \fIsubshell\fP command enclosed in parentheses,
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (see
.SM
.B SHELL GRAMMAR
above) exits with a non-zero status.
or
.B until
keyword,
-part of the test in an
+part of the test following the
.B if
-statement, part of a command executed in a
+or
+.B elif
+reserved words, part of any command executed in a
.B &&
or
.B \(bv\(bv
-list,
+list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB\(bv\(bv\fP,
any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return value is
-being inverted via
+being inverted with
.BR ! .
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (see
+.B "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT"
+above), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
.TP 8
.B \-f
Disable pathname expansion.
The maximum size that may be locked into memory
.TP
.B \-m
-The maximum resident set size
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)
.TP
.B \-n
The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
.PP
Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
.br
-chet@po.cwru.edu
+chet.ramey@case.edu
.SH BUG REPORTS
If you find a bug in
.B bash,
--- /dev/null
+<HTML><HEAD>
+<TITLE>BASH(1) Manual Page</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
+<TR>
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
+<HR>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<A NAME="lbAB"> </A>
+<H3>NAME</H3>
+
+bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
+<A NAME="lbAC"> </A>
+<H3>SYNOPSIS</H3>
+
+<B>bash</B>
+
+[options]
+[file]
+<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
+<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
+
+
+Bash is Copyright © 1989-2009 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
+<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+is an <B>sh</B>-compatible command language interpreter that
+executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+also incorporates useful features from the <I>Korn</I> and <I>C</I>
+shells (<B>ksh</B> and <B>csh</B>).
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+is intended to be a conformant implementation of the
+Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification
+(IEEE Standard 1003.1).
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
+<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
+<H3>OPTIONS</H3>
+
+In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the
+description of the <B>set</B> builtin command, <B>bash</B>
+interprets the following options when it is invoked:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-c</B><I> string</I>
+
+<DD>
+If the
+<B>-c</B>
+
+option is present, then commands are read from
+<I>string</I>.
+
+If there are arguments after the
+<I>string</I>,
+
+they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with
+<B>$0</B>.
+
+<DT><B>-i</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the
+<B>-i</B>
+
+option is present, the shell is
+<I>interactive</I>.
+
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+Make
+<B>bash</B>
+
+act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INVOCATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option is present, the shell becomes
+<I>restricted</I>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RESTRICTED SHELL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the
+<B>-s</B>
+
+option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
+processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
+This option allows the positional parameters to be set
+when invoking an interactive shell.
+<DT><B>-D</B>
+
+<DD>
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by <B>$</B>
+is printed on the standard output.
+These are the strings that
+are subject to language translation when the current locale
+is not <B>C</B> or <B>POSIX</B>.
+This implies the <B>-n</B> option; no commands will be executed.
+<DT><B>[-+]O [</B><I>shopt_option</I>]
+
+<DD>
+<I>shopt_option</I> is one of the shell options accepted by the
+<B>shopt</B> builtin (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+If <I>shopt_option</I> is present, <B>-O</B> sets the value of that option;
+<B>+O</B> unsets it.
+If <I>shopt_option</I> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
+options accepted by <B>shopt</B> are printed on the standard output.
+If the invocation option is <B>+O</B>, the output is displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+<DT><B>--</B>
+
+<DD>
+A
+<B>--</B>
+
+signals the end of options and disables further option processing.
+Any arguments after the
+<B>--</B>
+
+are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of
+<B>-</B>
+
+is equivalent to <B>--</B>.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+also interprets a number of multi-character options.
+These options must appear on the command line before the
+single-character options to be recognized.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>--debugger</B>
+
+<DD>
+Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+starts.
+Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the
+<B>extdebug</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin below)
+and shell function tracing (see the description of the
+<B>-o functrace</B> option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin below).
+<DT><B>--dump-po-strings</B>
+
+<DD>
+Equivalent to <B>-D</B>, but the output is in the GNU <I>gettext</I>
+<B>po</B> (portable object) file format.
+<DT><B>--dump-strings</B>
+
+<DD>
+Equivalent to <B>-D</B>.
+<DT><B>--help</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
+<DT><B>--init-file</B> <I>file</I><DD>
+
+<DT><B>--rcfile</B> <I>file</I><DD>
+
+Execute commands from
+<I>file</I>
+
+instead of the standard personal initialization file
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>
+
+if the shell is interactive (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INVOCATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>--login</B>
+
+<DD>
+Equivalent to <B>-l</B>.
+<DT><B>--noediting</B>
+
+<DD>
+Do not use the GNU
+<B>readline</B>
+
+library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
+<DT><B>--noprofile</B>
+
+<DD>
+Do not read either the system-wide startup file
+
+<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
+
+or any of the personal initialization files
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>,
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_login"><I>~/.bash_login</I></A>,
+
+or
+<A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>.
+
+By default,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INVOCATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>--norc</B>
+
+<DD>
+Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>
+
+if the shell is interactive.
+This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as
+<B>sh</B>.
+
+<DT><B>--posix</B>
+
+<DD>
+Change the behavior of <B>bash</B> where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard (<I>posix mode</I>).
+<DT><B>--restricted</B>
+
+<DD>
+The shell becomes restricted (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RESTRICTED SHELL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>--verbose</B>
+
+<DD>
+Equivalent to <B>-v</B>.
+<DT><B>--version</B>
+
+<DD>
+Show version information for this instance of
+<B>bash</B>
+
+on the standard output and exit successfully.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAG"> </A>
+<H3>ARGUMENTS</H3>
+
+If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
+<B>-c</B>
+
+nor the
+<B>-s</B>
+
+option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
+be the name of a file containing shell commands.
+If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is invoked in this fashion,
+<B>$0</B>
+
+is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
+are set to the remaining arguments.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
+<B>Bash</B>'s exit status is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the script.
+If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and,
+if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+for the script.
+<A NAME="lbAH"> </A>
+<H3>INVOCATION</H3>
+
+A <I>login shell</I> is one whose first character of argument zero is a
+<B>-</B>,
+
+or one started with the
+<B>--login</B>
+
+option.
+<P>
+
+An <I>interactive</I> shell is one started without non-option arguments
+and without the
+<B>-c</B>
+
+option
+whose standard input and error are
+both connected to terminals (as determined by
+<I>isatty</I>(3)),
+
+or one started with the
+<B>-i</B>
+
+option.
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS1</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set and
+<B>$-</B>
+
+includes
+<B>i</B>
+
+if
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is interactive,
+allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
+<P>
+
+The following paragraphs describe how
+<B>bash</B>
+
+executes its startup files.
+If any of the files exist but cannot be read,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reports an error.
+Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under
+<B>Tilde Expansion</B>
+
+in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+section.
+<P>
+
+When
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell
+with the <B>--login</B> option, it first reads and
+executes commands from the file <A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>, if that
+file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for <A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>,
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_login"><I>~/.bash_login</I></A>, and <A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>, in that order, and reads
+and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
+The
+<B>--noprofile</B>
+
+option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
+<P>
+
+When a login shell exits,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reads and executes commands from the file <A HREF="file:~/.bash_logout"><I>~/.bash_logout</I></A>, if it
+exists.
+<P>
+
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reads and executes commands from <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>, if that file exists.
+This may be inhibited by using the
+<B>--norc</B>
+
+option.
+The <B>--rcfile</B> <I>file</I> option will force
+<B>bash</B>
+
+to read and execute commands from <I>file</I> instead of <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>.
+<P>
+
+When
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it
+looks for the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>
+
+</FONT>
+in the environment, expands its value if it appears there, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+behaves as if the following command were executed:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<TT>if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi</TT>
+
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+but the value of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable is not used to search for the file name.
+<P>
+
+If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is invoked with the name
+<B>sh</B>,
+
+it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
+<B>sh</B>
+
+as closely as possible,
+while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
+When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
+shell with the <B>--login</B> option, it first attempts to
+read and execute commands from
+<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
+
+and
+<A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>,
+
+in that order.
+The
+<B>--noprofile</B>
+
+option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name
+<B>sh</B>,
+
+<B>bash</B>
+
+looks for the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ENV</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as
+<B>sh</B>
+
+does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
+files, the
+<B>--rcfile</B>
+
+option has no effect.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name
+<B>sh</B>
+
+does not attempt to read any other startup files.
+When invoked as
+<B>sh</B>,
+
+<B>bash</B>
+
+enters
+<I>posix</I>
+
+mode after the startup files are read.
+<P>
+
+When
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is started in
+<I>posix</I>
+
+mode, as with the
+<B>--posix</B>
+
+command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
+In this mode, interactive shells expand the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ENV</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable and commands are read and executed from the file
+whose name is the expanded value.
+No other startup files are read.
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell
+daemon, usually <I>rshd</I>, or the secure shell daemon <I>sshd</I>.
+If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes
+commands from <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>, if that file exists and is readable.
+It will not do this if invoked as <B>sh</B>.
+The
+<B>--norc</B>
+
+option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+<B>--rcfile</B>
+
+option may be used to force another file to be read, but
+<I>rshd</I> does not generally invoke the shell with those options
+or allow them to be specified.
+<P>
+
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the <B>-p</B> option is not supplied, no startup
+files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored,
+and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
+<A NAME="lbAI"> </A>
+<H3>DEFINITIONS</H3>
+
+<P>
+
+The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this
+document.
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>blank </B>
+
+<DD>
+A space or tab.
+<DT><B>word</B>
+
+<DD>
+A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.
+Also known as a
+<B>token</B>.
+
+<DT><B>name</B>
+
+<DD>
+A
+<I>word</I>
+
+consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and
+beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore. Also
+referred to as an
+<B>identifier</B>.
+
+<DT><B>metacharacter</B>
+
+<DD>
+A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following:
+<BR>
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>| & ; ( ) < > space tab</B>
+
+</DL>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>control operator</B>
+
+<DD>
+A <I>token</I> that performs a control function. It is one of the following
+symbols:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline></B>
+
+</DL>
+
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAJ"> </A>
+<H3>RESERVED WORDS</H3>
+
+<I>Reserved words</I> are words that have a special meaning to the shell.
+The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either
+the first word of a simple command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) or the third word of a
+<B>case </B>
+
+or
+<B>for</B>
+
+command:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<P>
+
+<B>
+</B>
+
+! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
+</DL>
+
+
+<A NAME="lbAK"> </A>
+<H3>SHELL GRAMMAR</H3>
+
+<A NAME="lbAL"> </A>
+<H4>Simple Commands</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>simple command</I> is a sequence of optional variable assignments
+followed by <B>blank</B>-separated words and redirections, and
+terminated by a <I>control operator</I>. The first word
+specifies the command to be executed, and is passed as argument zero.
+The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command.
+<P>
+
+The return value of a <I>simple command</I> is its exit status, or
+128+<I>n</I> if the command is terminated by signal
+<I>n</I>.
+
+<A NAME="lbAM"> </A>
+<H4>Pipelines</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>pipeline</I> is a sequence of one or more commands separated by
+one of the control operators
+<B>|</B>
+
+or <B>|&</B>.
+The format for a pipeline is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<B>time</B> [<B>-p</B>]] [ ! ] <I>command</I> [ [<B>|</B>|<B>|&</B>] <I>command2</I> ... ]
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+The standard output of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is connected via a pipe to the standard input of
+<I>command2</I>.
+
+This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
+command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+If <B>|&</B> is used, the standard error of <I>command</I> is connected to
+<I>command2</I>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
+<B>2>&1 |</B>.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
+redirections specified by the command.
+<P>
+
+The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last
+command, unless the <B>pipefail</B> option is enabled.
+If <B>pipefail</B> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
+value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
+or zero if all commands exit successfully.
+If the reserved word
+<B>!</B>
+
+precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical
+negation of the exit status as described above.
+The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to
+terminate before returning a value.
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>time</B>
+
+reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and
+system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline
+terminates.
+The <B>-p</B> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing
+information should be displayed; see the description of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+under
+<B>Shell Variables</B>
+
+below.
+<P>
+
+Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a
+subshell).
+<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
+<H4>Lists</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>list</I> is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
+of the operators
+<B>;</B>,
+
+<B>&</B>,
+
+<B>&&</B>,
+
+or
+<B>||</B>,
+
+and optionally terminated by one of
+<B>;</B>,
+
+<B>&</B>,
+
+or
+<B><newline></B>.
+
+<P>
+
+Of these list operators,
+<B>&&</B>
+
+and
+<B>||</B>
+
+have equal precedence, followed by
+<B>;</B>
+
+and
+<B>&</B>,
+
+which have equal precedence.
+<P>
+
+A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a <I>list</I> instead
+of a semicolon to delimit commands.
+<P>
+
+If a command is terminated by the control operator
+<B>&</B>,
+
+the shell executes the command in the <I>background</I>
+in a subshell. The shell does not wait for the command to
+finish, and the return status is 0. Commands separated by a
+<B>;</B>
+
+are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
+command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
+exit status of the last command executed.
+<P>
+
+AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by the
+<B>&&</B> and <B>||</B> control operators, respectively.
+AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity.
+An AND list has the form
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<I>command1</I> <B>&&</B> <I>command2</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+<I>command2</I>
+
+is executed if, and only if,
+<I>command1</I>
+
+returns an exit status of zero.
+<P>
+
+An OR list has the form
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<I>command1</I> <B>||</B> <I>command2</I>
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+<I>command2</I>
+
+is executed if and only if
+<I>command1</I>
+
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+The return status of
+AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the list.
+<A NAME="lbAO"> </A>
+<H4>Compound Commands</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>compound command</I> is one of the following:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>(<I>list</I>)<DD>
+<I>list</I> is executed in a subshell environment (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</B></FONT>
+below).
+Variable assignments and builtin
+commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect
+after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of
+<I>list</I>.
+<DT>{ <I>list</I>; }<DD>
+<I>list</I> is simply executed in the current shell environment.
+<I>list</I> must be terminated with a newline or semicolon.
+This is known as a <I>group command</I>.
+The return status is the exit status of
+<I>list</I>.
+Note that unlike the metacharacters <B>(</B> and <B>)</B>, <B>{</B> and
+<B>}</B> are <I>reserved words</I> and must occur where a reserved
+word is permitted to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word
+break, they must be separated from <I>list</I> by whitespace or another
+shell metacharacter.
+<DT>((<I>expression</I>))<DD>
+The <I>expression</I> is evaluated according to the rules described
+below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
+otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
+<B>let "</B><I>expression</I>".
+<DT><B>[[</B> <I>expression</I> <B>]]</B><DD>
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
+the conditional expression <I>expression</I>.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the words
+between the <B>[[</B> and <B>]]</B>; tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+substitution, and quote removal are performed.
+Conditional operators such as <B>-f</B> must be unquoted to be recognized
+as primaries.
+<P>
+
+
+When the <B>==</B> and <B>!=</B> operators are used, the string to the
+right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
+to the rules described below under <B>Pattern Matching</B>.
+If the shell option
+<B>nocasematch</B>
+
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches (<B>==</B>) or does not match
+(<B>!=</B>) the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+<P>
+
+
+An additional binary operator, <B>=~</B>, is available, with the same
+precedence as <B>==</B> and <B>!=</B>.
+When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
+an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in <I>regex</I>(3)).
+The return value is 0 if the string matches
+the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+expression's return value is 2.
+If the shell option
+<B>nocasematch</B>
+
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
+expression are saved in the array variable <B>BASH_REMATCH</B>.
+The element of <B>BASH_REMATCH</B> with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element of <B>BASH_REMATCH</B> with index <I>n</I> is the portion of the
+string matching the <I>n</I>th parenthesized subexpression.
+<P>
+
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>( </B><I>expression</I> )
+
+<DD>
+Returns the value of <I>expression</I>.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+<DT><B>! </B><I>expression</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if
+<I>expression</I>
+
+is false.
+<DT><I>expression1</I> <B>&&</B> <I>expression2</I><DD>
+True if both
+<I>expression1</I>
+
+and
+<I>expression2</I>
+
+are true.
+<DT><I>expression1</I> <B>||</B> <I>expression2</I>
+<DD>
+
+True if either
+<I>expression1</I>
+
+or
+<I>expression2</I>
+
+is true.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The <B>&&</B> and
+<B>||</B>
+
+operators do not evaluate <I>expression2</I> if the value of
+<I>expression1</I> is sufficient to determine the return value of
+the entire conditional expression.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>for</B> <I>name</I> [ <B>in</B> <I>word</I> ] ; <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
+The list of words following <B>in</B> is expanded, generating a list
+of items.
+The variable <I>name</I> is set to each element of this list
+in turn, and <I>list</I> is executed each time.
+If the <B>in</B> <I>word</I> is omitted, the <B>for</B> command executes
+<I>list</I> once for each positional parameter that is set (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
+If the expansion of the items following <B>in</B> results in an empty
+list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
+<DT><B>for</B> (( <I>expr1</I> ; <I>expr2</I> ; <I>expr3</I> )) ; <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
+First, the arithmetic expression <I>expr1</I> is evaluated according
+to the rules described below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+The arithmetic expression <I>expr2</I> is then evaluated repeatedly
+until it evaluates to zero.
+Each time <I>expr2</I> evaluates to a non-zero value, <I>list</I> is
+executed and the arithmetic expression <I>expr3</I> is evaluated.
+If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+The return value is the exit status of the last command in <I>list</I>
+that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
+<DT><B>select</B> <I>name</I> [ <B>in</B> <I>word</I> ] ; <B>do</B> <I>list</I> ; <B>done</B><DD>
+The list of words following <B>in</B> is expanded, generating a list
+of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+error, each preceded by a number. If the <B>in</B>
+<I>word</I> is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). The
+<B>PS3</B>
+
+prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.
+If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
+the displayed words, then the value of
+<I>name</I>
+
+is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt
+are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any
+other value read causes
+<I>name</I>
+
+to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable
+<B>REPLY</B>.
+
+The
+<I>list</I>
+
+is executed after each selection until a
+<B>break</B>
+
+command is executed.
+The exit status of
+<B>select</B>
+
+is the exit status of the last command executed in
+<I>list</I>,
+
+or zero if no commands were executed.
+<DT><B>case</B> <I>word</I> <B>in</B> [ [(] <I>pattern</I> [ <B>|</B> <I>pattern</I> ]
+<DD>
+A <B>case</B> command first expands <I>word</I>, and tries to match
+it against each <I>pattern</I> in turn, using the same matching rules
+as for pathname expansion (see
+<B>Pathname Expansion</B>
+
+below).
+The <I>word</I> is expanded using tilde
+expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
+command substitution, process substitution and quote removal.
+Each <I>pattern</I> examined is expanded using tilde
+expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
+command substitution, and process substitution.
+If the shell option
+<B>nocasematch</B>
+
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+When a match is found, the corresponding <I>list</I> is executed.
+If the <B>;;</B> operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using <B>;&</B> in place of <B>;;</B> causes execution to continue with
+the <I>list</I> associated with the next set of patterns.
+Using <B>;;&</B> in place of <B>;;</B> causes the shell to test the next
+pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated <I>list</I>
+on a successful match.
+The exit status is zero if no
+pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the
+last command executed in <I>list</I>.
+<DT><B>if</B> <I>list</I>; <B>then</B> <I>list;</I> [ <B>elif</B> <I>list</I>; <B>then</B> <I>list</I>; ] ... [ <B>else</B> <I>list</I>; ] <B>fi</B><DD>
+The
+<B>if </B>
+
+<I>list</I>
+
+is executed. If its exit status is zero, the
+<B>then</B> <I>list</I> is executed. Otherwise, each <B>elif</B>
+<I>list</I> is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
+the corresponding <B>then</B> <I>list</I> is executed and the
+command completes. Otherwise, the <B>else</B> <I>list</I> is
+executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the
+last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true.
+<DT><B>while</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD>
+
+<DT><B>until</B> <I>list</I>; <B>do</B> <I>list</I>; <B>done</B><DD>
+
+The <B>while</B> command continuously executes the <B>do</B>
+<I>list</I> as long as the last command in <I>list</I> returns
+an exit status of zero. The <B>until</B> command is identical
+to the <B>while</B> command, except that the test is negated;
+the
+<B>do</B>
+
+<I>list</I>
+
+is executed as long as the last command in
+<I>list</I>
+
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+The exit status of the <B>while</B> and <B>until</B> commands
+is the exit status
+of the last <B>do</B> <I>list</I> command executed, or zero if
+none was executed.
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
+<H4>Coprocesses</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>coprocess</I> is a shell command preceded by the <B>coproc</B> reserved
+word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the <B>&</B> control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+<P>
+
+The format for a coprocess is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>coproc</B> [<I>NAME</I>] <I>command</I> [<I>redirections</I>]
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+This creates a coprocess named <I>NAME</I>.
+If <I>NAME</I> is not supplied, the default name is <I>COPROC</I>.
+<I>NAME</I> must not be supplied if <I>command</I> is a <I>simple
+command</I> (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
+of the simple command.
+When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+below) named <I>NAME</I> in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <I>NAME</I>[0].
+The standard input of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <I>NAME</I>[1].
+This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
+command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
+and redirections using standard word expansions.
+The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable <I>NAME</I>_PID.
+The <B>wait</B>
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+<P>
+
+The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <I>command</I>.
+<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
+<H4>Shell Function Definitions</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+Shell functions are declared as follows:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>[ <B>function</B> ] <I>name</I> () <I>compound-command</I> [<I>redirection</I>]<DD>
+This defines a function named <I>name</I>.
+The reserved word <B>function</B> is optional.
+If the <B>function</B> reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
+The <I>body</I> of the function is the compound command
+<I>compound-command </I>
+
+(see <B>Compound Commands</B> above).
+That command is usually a <I>list</I> of commands between { and }, but
+may be any command listed under <B>Compound Commands</B> above.
+<I>compound-command</I> is executed whenever <I>name</I> is specified as the
+name of a simple command.
+Any redirections (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) specified when a function is defined are performed
+when the function is executed.
+The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
+When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the body. (See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCTIONS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below.)
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
+<H3>COMMENTS</H3>
+
+In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
+<B>interactive_comments</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin is enabled (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below), a word beginning with
+<B>#</B>
+
+causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+be ignored. An interactive shell without the
+<B>interactive_comments</B>
+
+option enabled does not allow comments. The
+<B>interactive_comments</B>
+
+option is on by default in interactive shells.
+<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
+<H3>QUOTING</H3>
+
+<I>Quoting</I> is used to remove the special meaning of certain
+characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
+disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
+reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
+parameter expansion.
+<P>
+
+Each of the <I>metacharacters</I> listed above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>DEFINITIONS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
+represent itself.
+<P>
+
+When the command history expansion facilities are being used
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below), the
+<I>history expansion</I> character, usually <B>!</B>, must be quoted
+to prevent history expansion.
+<P>
+
+There are three quoting mechanisms: the
+<I>escape character</I>,
+
+single quotes, and double quotes.
+<P>
+
+A non-quoted backslash (<B>\</B>) is the
+<I>escape character</I>.
+
+It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
+with the exception of <newline>. If a <B>\</B><newline> pair
+appears, and the backslash is not itself quoted, the <B>\</B><newline>
+is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the
+input stream and effectively ignored).
+<P>
+
+Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value
+of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
+between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+<P>
+
+Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value
+of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
+<B>$</B>,
+
+<B>`</B>,
+
+<B>\</B>,
+
+and, when history expansion is enabled,
+<B>!</B>.
+
+The characters
+<B>$</B>
+
+and
+<B>`</B>
+
+retain their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash
+retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following
+characters:
+<B>$</B>,
+
+<B>`</B>,
+
+<B>"</B>,
+<B>\</B>,
+
+or
+<B><newline></B>.
+
+A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+a backslash.
+If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an
+<B>!</B>
+
+appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.
+The backslash preceding the
+<B>!</B>
+
+is not removed.
+<P>
+
+The special parameters
+<B>*</B>
+
+and
+<B>@</B>
+
+have special meaning when in double
+quotes (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<P>
+
+Words of the form <B>$</B>aq<I>string</I>aq are treated specially. The
+word expands to <I>string</I>, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
+as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
+present, are decoded as follows:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>\a</B>
+
+<DD>
+alert (bell)
+<DT><B>\b</B>
+
+<DD>
+backspace
+<DT><B>\e</B>
+
+<DD>
+an escape character
+<DT><B>\f</B>
+
+<DD>
+form feed
+<DT><B>\n</B>
+
+<DD>
+new line
+<DT><B>\r</B>
+
+<DD>
+carriage return
+<DT><B>\t</B>
+
+<DD>
+horizontal tab
+<DT><B>\v</B>
+
+<DD>
+vertical tab
+<DT><B>\\</B>
+
+<DD>
+backslash
+<DT><B>\aq</B>
+
+<DD>
+single quote
+<DT><B>\</B><I>nnn</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I>
+(one to three digits)
+<DT><B>\x</B><I>HH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
+(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><B>\c</B><I>x</I>
+
+<DD>
+a control-<I>x</I> character
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<P>
+
+The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had
+not been present.
+<P>
+
+A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (<B>$</B>) will cause
+the string to be translated according to the current locale.
+If the current locale is <B>C</B> or <B>POSIX</B>, the dollar sign
+is ignored.
+If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
+double-quoted.
+<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
+<H3>PARAMETERS</H3>
+
+A
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an entity that stores values.
+It can be a
+<I>name</I>,
+
+a number, or one of the special characters listed below under
+<B>Special Parameters</B>.
+
+A
+<I>variable</I>
+
+is a parameter denoted by a
+<I>name</I>.
+
+A variable has a <I>value</I> and zero or more <I>attributes</I>.
+Attributes are assigned using the
+<B>declare</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<B>declare</B>
+
+below in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>).
+
+</FONT>
+<P>
+
+A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+the
+<B>unset</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<P>
+
+A
+<I>variable</I>
+
+may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<I>name</I>=[<I>value</I>]
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+If
+<I>value</I>
+
+is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+<I>values</I>
+
+undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+removal (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). If the variable has its
+<B>integer</B>
+
+attribute set, then
+<I>value</I>
+
+is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion is
+not used (see
+<B>Arithmetic Expansion</B>
+
+below).
+Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
+of <B>"$@"</B> as explained below under
+<B>Special Parameters</B>.
+
+Pathname expansion is not performed.
+Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
+<B>alias</B>,
+
+<B>declare</B>,
+
+<B>typeset</B>,
+
+<B>export</B>,
+
+<B>readonly</B>,
+
+and
+<B>local</B>
+
+builtin commands.
+<P>
+
+In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
+to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to
+append to or add to the variable's previous value.
+When += is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute has been
+set, <I>value</I> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the
+variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
+When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+below), the
+variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are
+appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index
+(for indexed arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an
+associative array.
+When applied to a string-valued variable, <I>value</I> is expanded and
+appended to the variable's value.
+<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
+<H4>Positional Parameters</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A
+<I>positional parameter</I>
+
+is a parameter denoted by one or more
+digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are
+assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
+and may be reassigned using the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+with assignment statements. The positional parameters are
+temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCTIONS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<P>
+
+When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
+digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
+<H4>Special Parameters</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>*</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
+of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+special variable. That is, "<B>$*</B>" is equivalent
+to "<B>$1</B><I>c</I><B>$2</B><I>c</I><B>...</B>", where
+<I>c</I>
+
+is the first character of the value of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable. If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
+<DT><B>@</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+separate word. That is, "<B>$@</B>" is equivalent to
+"<B>$1</B>" "<B>$2</B>" ...
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+When there are no positional parameters, "<B>$@</B>" and
+<B>$@</B>
+
+expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+<DT><B>#</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+<DT><B>?</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
+pipeline.
+<DT><B>-</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation,
+by the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
+(such as the
+<B>-i</B>
+
+option).
+<DT><B>$</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the
+subshell.
+<DT><B>!</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background
+(asynchronous) command.
+<DT><B>0</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+shell initialization. If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is invoked with a file of commands,
+<B>$0</B>
+
+is set to the name of that file. If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is started with the
+<B>-c</B>
+
+option, then
+<B>$0</B>
+
+is set to the first argument after the string to be
+executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
+to the file name used to invoke
+<B>bash</B>,
+
+as given by argument zero.
+<DT><B>_</B>
+
+<DD>
+At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
+shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
+or argument list.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
+after expansion.
+Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
+and placed in the environment exported to that command.
+When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file
+currently being checked.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAW"> </A>
+<H4>Shell Variables</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The following variables are set by the shell:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>BASH</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+<DT><B>BASHPID</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the process id of the current <B>bash</B> process.
+This differs from <B>$$</B> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+that do not require <B>bash</B> to be re-initialized.
+<DT><B>BASH_ALIASES</B>
+
+<DD>
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+list of aliases as maintained by the <B>alias</B> builtin
+Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
+elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+<DT><B>BASH_ARGC</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
+frame of the current <B>bash</B> execution call stack.
+The number of
+parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
+with <B>.</B> or <B>source</B>) is at the top of the stack.
+When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
+<B>BASH_ARGC</B>.
+The shell sets <B>BASH_ARGC</B> only when in extended debugging mode
+(see the description of the
+<B>extdebug</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin below)
+<DT><B>BASH_ARGV</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current <B>bash</B>
+execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
+is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
+at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
+are pushed onto <B>BASH_ARGV</B>.
+The shell sets <B>BASH_ARGV</B> only when in extended debugging mode
+(see the description of the
+<B>extdebug</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin below)
+<DT><B>BASH_CMDS</B>
+
+<DD>
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+hash table of commands as maintained by the <B>hash</B> builtin.
+Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
+elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
+<DT><B>BASH_COMMAND</B>
+
+<DD>
+The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
+shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
+<DT><B>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</B>
+
+<DD>
+The command argument to the <B>-c</B> invocation option.
+<DT><B>BASH_LINENO</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
+corresponding to each member of <B>FUNCNAME</B>.
+<B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> is the line number in the source
+file where <B>${FUNCNAME[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}</B> was called
+(or <B>${BASH_LINENO[</B><I>$i-1</I><B>]}</B> if referenced within another
+shell function).
+The corresponding source file name is <B>${BASH_SOURCE[</B><I>$i</I><B>]}.
+Use LINENO</B> to obtain the current line number.
+<DT><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable whose members are assigned by the <B>=~</B> binary
+operator to the <B>[[</B> conditional command.
+The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element with index <I>n</I> is the portion of the
+string matching the <I>n</I>th parenthesized subexpression.
+This variable is read-only.
+<DT><B>BASH_SOURCE</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
+to the elements in the <B>FUNCNAME</B> array variable.
+<DT><B>BASH_SUBSHELL</B>
+
+<DD>
+Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
+The initial value is 0.
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO</B>
+
+<DD>
+A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for
+this instance of
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>0]
+
+<DD>
+The major version number (the <I>release</I>).
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>1]
+
+<DD>
+The minor version number (the <I>version</I>).
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>2]
+
+<DD>
+The patch level.
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>3]
+
+<DD>
+The build version.
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>4]
+
+<DD>
+The release status (e.g., <I>beta1</I>).
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSINFO[</B>5]
+
+<DD>
+The value of <B>MACHTYPE</B>.
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>BASH_VERSION</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+<DT><B>COMP_CWORD</B>
+
+<DD>
+An index into <B>${COMP_WORDS}</B> of the word containing the current
+cursor position.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
+below).
+<DT><B>COMP_KEY</B>
+
+<DD>
+The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
+completion function.
+<DT><B>COMP_LINE</B>
+
+<DD>
+The current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
+below).
+<DT><B>COMP_POINT</B>
+
+<DD>
+The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
+the current command.
+If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
+the value of this variable is equal to <B>${#COMP_LINE}</B>.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
+below).
+<DT><B>COMP_TYPE</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
+that caused a completion function to be called:
+<I>TAB</I>, for normal completion,
+<I>?</I>, for listing completions after successive tabs,
+<I>!</I>, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
+<I>@</I>, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
+or
+<I>%</I>, for menu completion.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
+below).
+<DT><B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B>
+
+<DD>
+The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+separators when performing word completion.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_WORDBREAKS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>COMP_WORDS</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable (see <B>Arrays</B> below) consisting of the individual
+words in the current command line.
+The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
+separate them.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see <B>Programmable Completion</B>
+below).
+<DT><B>DIRSTACK</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+below) containing the current contents of the directory stack.
+Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+builtin.
+Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
+directories already in the stack, but the
+<B>pushd</B>
+
+and
+<B>popd</B>
+
+builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
+Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>DIRSTACK</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>EUID</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at
+shell startup. This variable is readonly.
+<DT><B>FUNCNAME</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+currently in the execution call stack.
+The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
+shell function.
+The bottom-most element is
+<TT>"main"</TT>.
+
+This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+Assignments to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>
+
+</FONT>
+have no effect and return an error status.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>GROUPS</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
+user is a member.
+Assignments to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GROUPS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+have no effect and return an error status.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GROUPS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>HISTCMD</B>
+
+<DD>
+The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+command.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCMD</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>HOSTNAME</B>
+
+<DD>
+Automatically set to the name of the current host.
+<DT><B>HOSTTYPE</B>
+
+<DD>
+Automatically set to a string that uniquely
+describes the type of machine on which
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is executing.
+The default is system-dependent.
+<DT><B>LINENO</B>
+
+<DD>
+Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes
+a decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+(starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+be meaningful.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LINENO</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>MACHTYPE</B>
+
+<DD>
+Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+type on which
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is executing, in the standard GNU <I>cpu-company-system</I> format.
+The default is system-dependent.
+<DT><B>OLDPWD</B>
+
+<DD>
+The previous working directory as set by the
+<B>cd</B>
+
+command.
+<DT><B>OPTARG</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of the last option argument processed by the
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>OPTIND</B>
+
+<DD>
+The index of the next argument to be processed by the
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>OSTYPE</B>
+
+<DD>
+Automatically set to a string that
+describes the operating system on which
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is executing.
+The default is system-dependent.
+<DT><B>PIPESTATUS</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+below) containing a list of exit status values from the processes
+in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
+contain only a single command).
+<DT><B>PPID</B>
+
+<DD>
+The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is readonly.
+<DT><B>PWD</B>
+
+<DD>
+The current working directory as set by the
+<B>cd</B>
+
+command.
+<DT><B>RANDOM</B>
+
+<DD>
+Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
+0 and 32767 is
+generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning
+a value to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RANDOM</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RANDOM</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>REPLY</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set to the line of input read by the
+<B>read</B>
+
+builtin command when no arguments are supplied.
+<DT><B>SECONDS</B>
+
+<DD>
+Each time this parameter is
+referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned. If a
+value is assigned to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SECONDS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the value returned upon subsequent
+references is
+the number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SECONDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<DT><B>SHELLOPTS</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the
+<B>-o</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). The options appearing in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are those reported as
+<I>on</I>
+
+by <B>set -o</B>.
+If this variable is in the environment when
+<B>bash</B>
+
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files.
+This variable is read-only.
+<DT><B>SHLVL</B>
+
+<DD>
+Incremented by one each time an instance of
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is started.
+<DT><B>UID</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup.
+This variable is readonly.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted
+below.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>BASH_ENV</B>
+
+<DD>
+If this parameter is set when <B>bash</B> is executing a shell script,
+its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+initialize the shell, as in
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>.
+
+The value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not used to search for the resultant file name.
+<DT><B>CDPATH</B>
+
+<DD>
+The search path for the
+<B>cd</B>
+
+command.
+This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks
+for destination directories specified by the
+<B>cd</B>
+
+command.
+A sample value is
+<TT>".:~:/usr"</TT>.
+
+<DT><B>COLUMNS</B>
+
+<DD>
+Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the terminal width
+when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+<DT><B>COMPREPLY</B>
+
+<DD>
+An array variable from which <B>bash</B> reads the possible completions
+generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
+facility (see <B>Programmable Completion</B> below).
+<DT><B>EMACS</B>
+
+<DD>
+If <B>bash</B> finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts
+with value
+<TT>t</TT>,
+
+it assumes that the shell is running in an emacs shell buffer and disables
+line editing.
+<DT><B>FCEDIT</B>
+
+<DD>
+The default editor for the
+<B>fc</B>
+
+builtin command.
+<DT><B>FIGNORE</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+filename completion (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is excluded from the list of matched filenames.
+A sample value is
+<TT>".o:~"</TT>.
+
+<DT><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
+be ignored by pathname expansion.
+If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one
+of the patterns in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+it is removed from the list of matches.
+<DT><B>HISTCONTROL</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
+the history list.
+If the list of values includes
+<I>ignorespace</I>,
+
+lines which begin with a
+<B>space</B>
+
+character are not saved in the history list.
+A value of
+<I>ignoredups</I>
+
+causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved.
+A value of
+<I>ignoreboth</I>
+
+is shorthand for <I>ignorespace</I> and <I>ignoredups</I>.
+A value of
+<I>erasedups</I>
+
+causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from
+the history list before that line is saved.
+Any value not in the above list is ignored.
+If <B>HISTCONTROL</B> is unset, or does not include a valid value,
+all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
+subject to the value of
+<B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
+
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+<B>HISTCONTROL</B>.
+
+<DT><B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+<DD>
+The name of the file in which command history is saved (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). The default value is <A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>. If unset, the
+command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits.
+<DT><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
+variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
+necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
+to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
+value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after
+writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+<DT><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines
+should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
+beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
+`<B>*</B>' is appended). Each pattern is tested against the line
+after the checks specified by
+<B>HISTCONTROL</B>
+
+are applied.
+In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `<B>&</B>'
+matches the previous history line. `<B>&</B>' may be escaped using a
+backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+<B>HISTIGNORE</B>.
+
+<DT><B>HISTSIZE</B>
+
+<DD>
+The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). The default value is 500.
+<DT><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+<DD>
+If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
+for <I>strftime</I>(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history
+entry displayed by the <B>history</B> builtin.
+If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+other history lines.
+<DT><B>HOME</B>
+
+<DD>
+The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the
+<B>cd</B> builtin command.
+The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion.
+<DT><B>HOSTFILE</B>
+
+<DD>
+Contains the name of a file in the same format as
+
+<I>/etc/hosts</I>
+
+that should be read when the shell needs to complete a
+hostname.
+The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the
+shell is running;
+the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
+value is changed,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+adds the contents of the new file to the existing list.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOSTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set, but has no value, <B>bash</B> attempts to read
+
+<I>/etc/hosts</I>
+
+to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
+When
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOSTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
+<DT><B>IFS</B>
+
+<DD>
+The
+<I>Internal Field Separator</I>
+
+that is used
+for word splitting after expansion and to
+split lines into words with the
+<B>read</B>
+
+builtin command. The default value is
+``<space><tab><newline>''.
+<DT><B>IGNOREEOF</B>
+
+<DD>
+Controls the
+action of an interactive shell on receipt of an
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EOF</B>
+
+</FONT>
+character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
+consecutive
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EOF</B>
+
+</FONT>
+characters which must be
+typed as the first characters on an input line before
+<B>bash</B>
+
+exits. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or
+has no value, the default value is 10. If it does not exist,
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EOF</B>
+
+</FONT>
+signifies the end of input to the shell.
+<DT><B>INPUTRC</B>
+
+<DD>
+The filename for the
+<B>readline</B>
+
+startup file, overriding the default of
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.inputrc"><I>~/.inputrc</I></A>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<DT><B>LANG</B>
+
+<DD>
+Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
+selected with a variable starting with <B>LC_</B>.
+<DT><B>LC_ALL</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable overrides the value of <B>LANG</B> and any other
+<B>LC_</B> variable specifying a locale category.
+<DT><B>LC_COLLATE</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
+results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior of range
+expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within
+pathname expansion and pattern matching.
+<DT><B>LC_CTYPE</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
+behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern
+matching.
+<DT><B>LC_MESSAGES</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
+strings preceded by a <B>$</B>.
+<DT><B>LC_NUMERIC</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
+<DT><B>LINES</B>
+
+<DD>
+Used by the <B>select</B> builtin command to determine the column length
+for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+<DT><B>MAIL</B>
+
+<DD>
+If this parameter is set to a file name and the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>MAILPATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable is not set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file.
+<DT><B>MAILCHECK</B>
+
+<DD>
+Specifies how
+often (in seconds)
+<B>bash</B>
+
+checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
+for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
+If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+<DT><B>MAILPATH</B>
+
+<DD>
+A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
+The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
+may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'.
+When used in the text of the message, <B>$_</B> expands to the name of
+the current mailfile.
+Example:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>MAILPATH</B>=aq/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"aq
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user
+mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/<B>$USER</B>).
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>OPTERR</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to the value 1,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+displays error messages generated by the
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTERR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell
+script is executed.
+<DT><B>PATH</B>
+
+<DD>
+The search path for commands. It
+is a colon-separated list of directories in which
+the shell looks for commands (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMMAND EXECUTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of <B>PATH</B> indicates the
+current directory.
+A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
+or trailing colon.
+The default path is system-dependent,
+and is set by the administrator who installs
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+A common value is
+<TT>/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin</TT>.
+
+<DT><B>POSIXLY_CORRECT</B>
+
+<DD>
+If this variable is in the environment when <B>bash</B> starts, the shell
+enters <I>posix mode</I> before reading the startup files, as if the
+<B>--posix</B>
+
+invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
+running, <B>bash</B> enables <I>posix mode</I>, as if the command
+<TT>set -o posix</TT>
+
+had been executed.
+<DT><B>PROMPT_COMMAND</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
+prompt.
+<DT><B>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <B>\w and
+\W</B> prompt string escapes (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PROMPTING</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+<DT><B>PS1</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of this parameter is expanded (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PROMPTING</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+``<B>\s-\v\$ </B>''.
+<DT><B>PS2</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of this parameter is expanded as with
+<B>PS1</B>
+
+and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is
+``<B>> </B>''.
+<DT><B>PS3</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the
+<B>select</B>
+
+command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above).
+<DT><B>PS4</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of this parameter is expanded as with
+<B>PS1</B>
+
+and the value is printed before each command
+<B>bash</B>
+
+displays during an execution trace. The first character of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS4</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
+levels of indirection. The default is ``<B>+ </B>''.
+<DT><B>SHELL</B>
+
+<DD>
+The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
+If it is not set when the shell starts,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
+<DT><B>TIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+<DD>
+The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
+how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+<B>time</B>
+
+reserved word should be displayed.
+The <B>%</B> character introduces an escape sequence that is
+expanded to a time value or other information.
+The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the
+braces denote optional portions.
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>%%</B>
+
+<DD>
+A literal <B>%</B>.
+<DT><B>%[</B><I>p</I>][l]R
+
+<DD>
+The elapsed time in seconds.
+<DT><B>%[</B><I>p</I>][l]U
+
+<DD>
+The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+<DT><B>%[</B><I>p</I>][l]S
+
+<DD>
+The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+<DT><B>%P</B>
+
+<DD>
+The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><DD>
+The optional <I>p</I> is a digit specifying the <I>precision</I>,
+the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.
+A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
+At most three places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of <I>p</I> greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+If <I>p</I> is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+<DT><DD>
+The optional <B>l</B> specifies a longer format, including
+minutes, of the form <I>MM</I>m<I>SS</I>.<I>FF</I>s.
+The value of <I>p</I> determines whether or not the fraction is
+included.
+<DT><DD>
+If this variable is not set, <B>bash</B> acts as if it had the
+value <B>$aq\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys %3lSaq</B>.
+If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
+A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
+<DT><B>TMOUT</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to a value greater than zero, <B>TMOUT</B> is treated as the
+default timeout for the <B>read</B> builtin.
+The <B>select</B> command terminates if input does not arrive
+after <B>TMOUT</B> seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
+In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the
+number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does
+not arrive.
+<DT><B>TMPDIR</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>Bash</B> uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+<B>Bash</B> creates temporary files for the shell's use.
+<DT><B>auto_resume</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+job control. If this variable is set, single word simple
+commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
+of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
+more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently
+accessed is selected. The
+<I>name</I>
+
+of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to
+start it.
+If set to the value
+<I>exact</I>,
+
+the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
+if set to
+<I>substring</I>,
+
+the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+stopped job. The
+<I>substring</I>
+
+value provides functionality analogous to the
+<B>%?</B>
+
+job identifier (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>JOB CONTROL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must
+be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
+analogous to the <B>%</B><I>string</I> job identifier.
+<DT><B>histchars</B>
+
+<DD>
+The two or three characters which control history expansion
+and tokenization (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). The first character is the <I>history expansion</I> character,
+the character which signals the start of a history
+expansion, normally `<B>!</B>'.
+The second character is the <I>quick substitution</I>
+character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous
+command entered, substituting one string for another in the command.
+The default is `<B>^</B>'.
+The optional third character is the character
+which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found
+as the first character of a word, normally `<B>#</B>'. The history
+comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
+parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbAX"> </A>
+<H4>Arrays</H4>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the
+<B>declare</B>
+
+builtin will explicitly declare an array.
+There is no maximum
+limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
+be indexed or assigned contiguously.
+Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
+expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced
+using arbitrary strings.
+<P>
+
+An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
+using the syntax <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>. The
+<I>subscript</I>
+
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
+greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array,
+use
+<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]
+
+is also accepted; the <I>subscript</I> is ignored.
+<P>
+
+Associative arrays are created using
+<B>declare -A </B><I>name</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+Attributes may be
+specified for an array variable using the
+<B>declare</B>
+
+and
+<B>readonly</B>
+
+builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+<P>
+
+Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+<I>name</I>=<B>(</B>value<I>1</I> ... value<I>n</I><B>)</B>, where each
+<I>value</I> is of the form [<I>subscript</I>]=<I>string</I>.
+Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket and subscript.
+When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript
+are supplied, that index is assigned to;
+otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
+to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+<P>
+
+When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
+<P>
+
+This syntax is also accepted by the
+<B>declare</B>
+
+builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
+<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I> syntax introduced above.
+<P>
+
+Any element of an array may be referenced using
+${<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]}. The braces are required to avoid
+conflicts with pathname expansion. If
+<I>subscript</I> is <B>@</B> or <B>*</B>, the word expands to
+all members of <I>name</I>. These subscripts differ only when the
+word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted,
+${<I>name</I>[*]} expands to a single
+word with the value of each array member separated by the first
+character of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+special variable, and ${<I>name</I>[@]} expands each element of
+<I>name</I> to a separate word. When there are no array members,
+${<I>name</I>[@]} expands to nothing.
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+This is analogous to the expansion
+of the special parameters <B>*</B> and <B>@</B> (see
+<B>Special Parameters</B>
+
+above). ${#<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]} expands to the length of
+${<I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]}. If <I>subscript</I> is <B>*</B> or
+<B>@</B>, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
+Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
+referencing the array with a subscript of 0.
+<P>
+
+The
+<B>unset</B>
+
+builtin is used to destroy arrays. <B>unset</B> <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]
+destroys the array element at index <I>subscript</I>.
+Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
+generation.
+<B>unset</B> <I>name</I>, where <I>name</I> is an array, or
+<B>unset</B> <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>], where
+<I>subscript</I> is <B>*</B> or <B>@</B>, removes the entire array.
+<P>
+
+The
+<B>declare</B>,
+
+<B>local</B>,
+
+and
+<B>readonly</B>
+
+builtins each accept a
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option to specify an indexed array and a
+<B>-A</B>
+
+option to specify an associative array.
+The
+<B>read</B>
+
+builtin accepts a
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
+to an array. The
+<B>set</B>
+
+and
+<B>declare</B>
+
+builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
+reused as assignments.
+<A NAME="lbAY"> </A>
+<H3>EXPANSION</H3>
+
+Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+<I>brace expansion</I>,
+
+<I>tilde expansion</I>,
+
+<I>parameter and variable expansion</I>,
+
+<I>command substitution</I>,
+
+<I>arithmetic expansion</I>,
+
+<I>word splitting</I>,
+
+and
+<I>pathname expansion</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution
+(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname
+expansion.
+<P>
+
+On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
+available: <I>process substitution</I>.
+<P>
+
+Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion
+can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
+expand a single word to a single word.
+The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
+"<B>$@</B>" and "<B>${</B><I>name</I><B>[@]}</B>"
+as explained above (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>).
+
+</FONT>
+<A NAME="lbAZ"> </A>
+<H4>Brace Expansion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+<I>Brace expansion</I>
+
+is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings
+may be generated. This mechanism is similar to
+<I>pathname expansion</I>, but the filenames generated
+need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take
+the form of an optional
+<I>preamble</I>,
+
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by
+an optional
+<I>postscript</I>.
+
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained
+within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
+to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
+<P>
+
+Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded
+string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved.
+For example, a<B>{</B>d,c,b<B>}</B>e expands into `ade ace abe'.
+<P>
+
+A sequence expression takes the form
+<B>{</B><I>x</I><B>..</B><I>y</I><B>[..</B><I>incr</I><B>]}</B>,
+where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> are either integers or single characters,
+and <I>incr</I>, an optional increment, is an integer.
+When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
+<I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive.
+Supplied integers may be prefixed with <I>0</I> to force each term to have the
+same width. When either <I>x</I> or y begins with a zero, the shell
+attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
+zero-padding where necessary.
+When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
+lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive. Note that
+both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+<P>
+
+Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
+and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
+in the result. It is strictly textual.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
+expansion or the text between the braces.
+<P>
+
+A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
+and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
+sequence expression.
+Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+A <B>{</B> or <B>,</B> may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+being considered part of a brace expression.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string <B>${</B>
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+<P>
+
+This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
+prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
+above example:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+</DL>
+
+or
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
+historical versions of
+<B>sh</B>.
+
+<B>sh</B>
+
+does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
+appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion. For example, a word entered to
+<B>sh</B>
+
+as <I>file{1,2}</I>
+appears identically in the output. The same word is
+output as
+<I>file1 file2</I>
+
+after expansion by
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+If strict compatibility with
+<B>sh</B>
+
+is desired, start
+<B>bash</B>
+
+with the
+<B>+B </B>
+
+option or disable brace expansion with the
+<B>+B</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<A NAME="lbBA"> </A>
+<H4>Tilde Expansion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`<B>~</B>'), all of
+the characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
+if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a <I>tilde-prefix</I>.
+If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
+characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
+possible <I>login name</I>.
+If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+value of the shell parameter
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is
+substituted instead.
+Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
+associated with the specified login name.
+<P>
+
+If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PWD</B>
+
+</FONT>
+replaces the tilde-prefix.
+If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of the shell variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OLDPWD</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+if it is set, is substituted.
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist
+of a number <I>N</I>, optionally prefixed
+by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding
+element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argument.
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
+number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
+<P>
+
+If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word
+is unchanged.
+<P>
+
+Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
+following a
+<B>:</B>
+
+or the first
+<B>=</B>.
+
+In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
+Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>MAILPATH</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and the shell assigns the expanded value.
+<A NAME="lbBB"> </A>
+<H4>Parameter Expansion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The `<B>$</B>' character introduces parameter expansion,
+command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
+or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
+are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
+characters immediately following it which could be
+interpreted as part of the name.
+<P>
+
+When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `<B>}</B>'
+not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
+expansion.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I>}<DD>
+The value of <I>parameter</I> is substituted. The braces are required
+when
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
+or when
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is followed by a character which is not to be
+interpreted as part of its name.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If the first character of <I>parameter</I> is an exclamation point,
+a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+<B>Bash</B> uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+<I>parameter</I> as the name of the variable; this variable is then
+expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
+than the value of <I>parameter</I> itself.
+This is known as <I>indirect expansion</I>.
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<I>prefix</I>*} and
+${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>@</I>]} described below.
+The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+introduce indirection.
+<P>
+
+In each of the cases below, <I>word</I> is subject to tilde expansion,
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+<P>
+
+When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below,
+<B>bash</B> tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the colon
+results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:-</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+<B>Use Default Values</B>. If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is unset or null, the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is substituted.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:=</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+<B>Assign Default Values</B>.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is unset or null, the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+is assigned to
+<I>parameter</I>.
+
+The value of
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may
+not be assigned to in this way.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:?</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+<B>Display Error if Null or Unset</B>.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is null or unset, the expansion of <I>word</I> (or a message to that effect
+if
+<I>word</I>
+
+is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
+is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of <I>parameter</I> is
+substituted.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:+</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+<B>Use Alternate Value</B>.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+is substituted.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:</B><I>offset</I>}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>:</B><I>offset</I><B>:</B><I>length</I>}<DD>
+
+<B>Substring Expansion.</B>
+Expands to up to <I>length</I> characters of <I>parameter</I>
+starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>.
+If <I>length</I> is omitted, expands to the substring of
+<I>parameter</I> starting at the character specified by <I>offset</I>.
+<I>length</I> and <I>offset</I> are arithmetic expressions (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<I>length</I> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+If <I>offset</I> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
+is used as an offset from the end of the value of <I>parameter</I>.
+If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B>, the result is <I>length</I> positional
+parameters beginning at <I>offset</I>.
+If <I>parameter</I> is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *,
+the result is the <I>length</I>
+members of the array beginning with ${<I>parameter</I>[<I>offset</I>]}.
+A negative <I>offset</I> is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
+index of the specified array.
+Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
+results.
+Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
+one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion.
+Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
+are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
+If <I>offset</I> is 0, and the positional parameters are used, <B>$0</B> is
+prefixed to the list.
+<DT>${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>*</B>}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>@</B>}<DD>
+
+<B>Names matching prefix.</B>
+Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with <I>prefix</I>,
+separated by the first character of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+special variable.
+When <I>@</I> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+variable name expands to a separate word.
+<DT>${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>@</I>]}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>*</I>]}<DD>
+
+<B>List of array keys.</B>
+If <I>name</I> is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
+(keys) assigned in <I>name</I>.
+If <I>name</I> is not an array, expands to 0 if <I>name</I> is set and null
+otherwise.
+When <I>@</I> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+key expands to a separate word.
+<DT>${<B>#</B><I>parameter</I>}<DD>
+<B>Parameter length.</B>
+The length in characters of the value of <I>parameter</I> is substituted.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is
+<B>*</B>
+
+or
+<B>@</B>,
+
+the value substituted is the number of positional parameters.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an array name subscripted by
+<B>*</B>
+
+or
+<B>@</B>,
+
+the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>#</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>##</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+
+<B>Remove matching prefix pattern.</B>
+The
+<I>word</I>
+
+is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname
+expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+the value of
+<I>parameter</I>,
+
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+with the shortest matching pattern (the ``<B>#</B>'' case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the ``<B>##</B>'' case) deleted.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an array variable subscripted with
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>%</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>%%</B><I>word</I>}<DD>
+
+<B>Remove matching suffix pattern.</B>
+The <I>word</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
+<I>parameter</I>,
+
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+with the shortest matching pattern (the ``<B>%</B>'' case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the ``<B>%%</B>'' case) deleted.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an array variable subscripted with
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>/</B><I>pattern</I><B>/</B><I>string</I>}<DD>
+<B>Pattern substitution.</B>
+The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+<I>Parameter</I> is expanded and the longest match of <I>pattern</I>
+against its value is replaced with <I>string</I>.
+If <I>pattern</I> begins with <B>/</B>, all matches of <I>pattern</I> are
+replaced with <I>string</I>. Normally only the first match is replaced.
+If <I>pattern</I> begins with <B>#</B>, it must match at the beginning
+of the expanded value of <I>parameter</I>.
+If <I>pattern</I> begins with <B>%</B>, it must match at the end
+of the expanded value of <I>parameter</I>.
+If <I>string</I> is null, matches of <I>pattern</I> are deleted
+and the <B>/</B> following <I>pattern</I> may be omitted.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the substitution operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an array variable subscripted with
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>^</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD>
+
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>^^</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD>
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>,</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD>
+<DT>${<I>parameter</I><B>,,</B><I>pattern</I>}<DD>
+
+<B>Case modification.</B>
+This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <I>parameter</I>.
+The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+The <B>^</B> operator converts lowercase letters matching <I>pattern</I>
+to uppercase; the <B>,</B> operator converts matching uppercase letters
+to lowercase.
+The <B>^^</B> and <B>,,</B> expansions convert each matched character in the
+expanded value; the <B>^</B> and <B>,</B> expansions match and convert only
+the first character in the expanded value..
+If <I>pattern</I> is omitted, it is treated like a <B>?</B>, which matches
+every character.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the case modification operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+<I>parameter</I>
+
+is an array variable subscripted with
+<B>@</B>
+
+or
+<B>*</B>,
+
+the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
+<H4>Command Substitution</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+<I>Command substitution</I> allows the output of a command to replace
+the command name. There are two forms:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>$(</B><I>command</I><B>)</B>
+</DL>
+
+or
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>`</B><I>command</I><B>`</B>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+performs the expansion by executing <I>command</I> and
+replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
+command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
+Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
+word splitting.
+The command substitution <B>$(cat </B><I>file</I>) can be replaced by
+the equivalent but faster <B>$(< </B><I>file</I>).
+<P>
+
+When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
+backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
+<B>$</B>,
+
+<B>`</B>,
+
+or
+<B>\</B>.
+
+The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
+command substitution.
+When using the $(<I>command</I>) form, all characters between the
+parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+<P>
+
+Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form,
+escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+<P>
+
+If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
+<A NAME="lbBD"> </A>
+<H4>Arithmetic Expansion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>$((</B><I>expression</I><B>))</B>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+The
+<I>expression</I>
+
+is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote
+inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string
+expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
+Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+<P>
+
+The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If
+<I>expression</I>
+
+is invalid,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
+<A NAME="lbBE"> </A>
+<H4>Process Substitution</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+<I>Process substitution</I> is supported on systems that support named
+pipes (<I>FIFOs</I>) or the <B>/dev/fd</B> method of naming open files.
+It takes the form of
+<B><(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B>
+or
+<B>>(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B>.
+The process <I>list</I> is run with its input or output connected to a
+<I>FIFO</I> or some file in <B>/dev/fd</B>. The name of this file is
+passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+expansion. If the <B>>(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B> form is used, writing to
+the file will provide input for <I>list</I>. If the
+<B><(</B><I>list</I><B>)</B> form is used, the file passed as an
+argument should be read to obtain the output of <I>list</I>.
+<P>
+
+When available, process substitution is performed
+simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution,
+and arithmetic expansion.
+<A NAME="lbBF"> </A>
+<H4>Word Splitting</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The shell scans the results of
+parameter expansion,
+command substitution,
+and
+arithmetic expansion
+that did not occur within double quotes for
+<I>word splitting</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+The shell treats each character of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other
+expansions into words on these characters. If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, or its
+value is exactly
+<B><space><tab><newline></B>,
+
+the default, then
+sequences of
+<B><space></B>,
+
+<B><tab></B>,
+
+and
+<B><newline></B>
+
+at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+expansions are ignored, and
+any sequence of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+the whitespace characters
+<B>space</B>
+
+and
+<B>tab</B>
+
+are ignored at the beginning and end of the
+word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
+value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+(an
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+whitespace character).
+Any character in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+that is not
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+whitespace, along with any adjacent
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+whitespace characters, delimits a field.
+A sequence of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+If the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is null, no word splitting occurs.
+<P>
+
+Explicit null arguments (<B>""</B> or <B>aqaq</B>) are retained.
+Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
+parameters that have no values, are removed.
+If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
+null argument results and is retained.
+<P>
+
+Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
+is performed.
+<A NAME="lbBG"> </A>
+<H4>Pathname Expansion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+After word splitting,
+unless the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option has been set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+scans each word for the characters
+<B>*</B>,
+
+<B>?</B>,
+
+and
+<B>[</B>.
+
+If one of these characters appears, then the word is
+regarded as a
+<I>pattern</I>,
+
+and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
+file names matching the pattern.
+If no matching file names are found,
+and the shell option
+<B>nullglob</B>
+
+is not enabled, the word is left unchanged.
+If the
+<B>nullglob</B>
+
+option is set, and no matches are found,
+the word is removed.
+If the
+<B>failglob</B>
+
+shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message
+is printed and the command is not executed.
+If the shell option
+<B>nocaseglob</B>
+
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+When a pattern is used for pathname expansion,
+the character
+<B>``.''</B>
+
+at the start of a name or immediately following a slash
+must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option
+<B>dotglob</B>
+
+is set.
+When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
+matched explicitly.
+In other cases, the
+<B>``.''</B>
+
+character is not treated specially.
+See the description of
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+for a description of the
+<B>nocaseglob</B>,
+
+<B>nullglob</B>,
+
+<B>failglob</B>,
+
+and
+<B>dotglob</B>
+
+shell options.
+<P>
+
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a
+<I>pattern</I>.
+
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set, each matching file name that also matches one of the patterns in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is removed from the list of matches.
+The file names
+<B>``.''</B>
+
+and
+<B>``..''</B>
+
+are always ignored when
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set and not null. However, setting
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
+<B>dotglob</B>
+
+shell option, so all other file names beginning with a
+<B>``.''</B>
+
+will match.
+To get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a
+<B>``.''</B>,
+
+make
+<B>``.*''</B>
+
+one of the patterns in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+The
+<B>dotglob</B>
+
+option is disabled when
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset.
+<P>
+
+<B>Pattern Matching</B>
+<P>
+
+Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
+The special pattern characters must be quoted if
+they are to be matched literally.
+<P>
+
+The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>*</B>
+
+<DD>
+Matches any string, including the null string.
+When the <B>globstar</B> shell option is enabled, and <B>*</B> is used in
+a filename expansion context, two adjacent <B>*</B>s used as a single
+pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
+subdirectories.
+If followed by a <B>/</B>, two adjacent <B>*</B>s will match only directories
+and subdirectories.
+<DT><B>?</B>
+
+<DD>
+Matches any single character.
+<DT><B>[...]</B>
+
+<DD>
+Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
+separated by a hyphen denotes a
+<I>range expression</I>;
+any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
+is matched. If the first character following the
+<B>[</B>
+
+is a
+<B>!</B>
+
+or a
+<B>^</B>
+
+then any character not enclosed is matched.
+The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
+the current locale and the value of the <B>LC_COLLATE</B> shell variable,
+if set.
+A
+<B>-</B>
+
+may be matched by including it as the first or last character
+in the set.
+A
+<B>]</B>
+
+may be matched by including it as the first character
+in the set.
+<BR>
+
+<P>
+
+
+Within
+<B>[</B>
+
+and
+<B>]</B>,
+
+<I>character classes</I> can be specified using the syntax
+<B>[:</B><I>class</I><B>:]</B>, where <I>class</I> is one of the
+following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>
+</B>
+
+alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
+<BR>
+
+A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+The <B>word</B> character class matches letters, digits, and the character _.
+<BR>
+
+<P>
+
+
+Within
+<B>[</B>
+
+and
+<B>]</B>,
+
+an <I>equivalence class</I> can be specified using the syntax
+<B>[=</B><I>c</I><B>=]</B>, which matches all characters with the
+same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as
+the character <I>c</I>.
+<BR>
+
+<P>
+
+
+Within
+<B>[</B>
+
+and
+<B>]</B>,
+
+the syntax <B>[.</B><I>symbol</I><B>.]</B> matches the collating symbol
+<I>symbol</I>.
+</DL>
+
+
+<P>
+
+If the <B>extglob</B> shell option is enabled using the <B>shopt</B>
+builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
+In the following description, a <I>pattern-list</I> is a list of one
+or more patterns separated by a <B>|</B>.
+Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
+sub-patterns:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>?(</B><I>pattern-list</I><B>)</B><DD>
+Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
+<DT><B>*(</B><I>pattern-list</I><B>)</B><DD>
+Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
+<DT><B>+(</B><I>pattern-list</I><B>)</B><DD>
+Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
+<DT><B>@(</B><I>pattern-list</I><B>)</B><DD>
+Matches one of the given patterns
+<DT><B>!(</B><I>pattern-list</I><B>)</B><DD>
+Matches anything except one of the given patterns
+</DL></DL>
+
+
+<A NAME="lbBH"> </A>
+<H4>Quote Removal</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
+characters
+<B>\</B>,
+
+<B>aq</B>,
+
+and <B>"</B> that did not result from one of the above
+expansions are removed.
+<A NAME="lbBI"> </A>
+<H3>REDIRECTION</H3>
+
+Before a command is executed, its input and output
+may be
+<I>redirected</I>
+
+using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
+Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
+current shell execution environment. The following redirection
+operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
+<I>simple command</I>
+
+or may follow a
+<I>command</I>.
+
+Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
+left to right.
+<P>
+
+In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
+omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
+<B><</B>,
+
+the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor
+0). If the first character of the redirection operator is
+<B>></B>,
+
+the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor
+1).
+<P>
+
+The word following the redirection operator in the following
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
+tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting.
+If it expands to more than one word,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reports an error.
+<P>
+
+Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
+the command
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+ls <B>></B> dirlist 2<B>>&</B>1
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+directs both standard output and standard error to the file
+<I>dirlist</I>,
+
+while the command
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+ls 2<B>>&</B>1 <B>></B> dirlist
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+directs only the standard output to file
+<I>dirlist</I>,
+
+because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+before the standard output was redirected to
+<I>dirlist</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B> handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+redirections, as described in the following table:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>/dev/fd/</B><I>fd</I>
+
+<DD>
+If <I>fd</I> is a valid integer, file descriptor <I>fd</I> is duplicated.
+<DT><B>/dev/stdin</B>
+
+<DD>
+File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+<DT><B>/dev/stdout</B>
+
+<DD>
+File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+<DT><B>/dev/stderr</B>
+
+<DD>
+File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+<DT><B>/dev/tcp/</B><I>host</I>/<I>port</I>
+
+<DD>
+If <I>host</I> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <I>port</I>
+is an integer port number or service name, <B>bash</B> attempts to open
+a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
+<DT><B>/dev/udp/</B><I>host</I>/<I>port</I>
+
+<DD>
+If <I>host</I> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <I>port</I>
+is an integer port number or service name, <B>bash</B> attempts to open
+a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<P>
+
+A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+<P>
+
+Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
+internally.
+<A NAME="lbBJ"> </A>
+<H4>Redirecting Input</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+to be opened for reading on file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified.
+<P>
+
+The general format for redirecting input is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B><</B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<A NAME="lbBK"> </A>
+<H4>Redirecting Output</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+to be opened for writing on file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
+if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
+<P>
+
+The general format for redirecting output is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B>></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+If the redirection operator is
+<B>></B>,
+
+and the
+<B>noclobber</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file
+whose name results from the expansion of <I>word</I> exists and is
+a regular file.
+If the redirection operator is
+<B>>|</B>,
+
+or the redirection operator is
+<B>></B>
+
+and the
+<B>noclobber</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even
+if the file named by <I>word</I> exists.
+<A NAME="lbBL"> </A>
+<H4>Appending Redirected Output</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Redirection of output in this fashion
+causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+to be opened for appending on file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+<P>
+
+The general format for appending output is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B>>></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="lbBM"> </A>
+<H4>Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be redirected to the file whose name is the
+expansion of
+<I>word</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
+standard error:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>&></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+and
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<B>>&</B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
+This is semantically equivalent to
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>></B><I>word</I> 2<B>>&</B>1
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="lbBN"> </A>
+<H4>Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be appended to the file whose name is the
+expansion of
+<I>word</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>&>></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+This is semantically equivalent to
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>>></B><I>word</I> 2<B>>&</B>1
+</DL>
+
+<A NAME="lbBO"> </A>
+<H4>Here Documents</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+current source until a line containing only
+<I>delimiter</I>
+
+(with no trailing blanks)
+is seen. All of
+the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
+input for a command.
+<P>
+
+The format of here-documents is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<PRE>
+<B><<</B>[<B>-</B>]<I>word</I>
+ <I>here-document</I>
+<I>delimiter</I>
+</PRE>
+
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+or pathname expansion is performed on
+<I>word</I>.
+
+If any characters in
+<I>word</I>
+
+are quoted, the
+<I>delimiter</I>
+
+is the result of quote removal on
+<I>word</I>,
+
+and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If <I>word</I> is unquoted,
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter
+case, the character sequence
+<B>\<newline></B>
+
+is ignored, and
+<B>\</B>
+
+must be used to quote the characters
+<B>\</B>,
+
+<B>$</B>,
+
+and
+<B>`</B>.
+
+<P>
+
+If the redirection operator is
+<B><<-</B>,
+
+then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
+line containing
+<I>delimiter</I>.
+
+This allows
+here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+natural fashion.
+<A NAME="lbBP"> </A>
+<H4>Here Strings</H4>
+
+A variant of here documents, the format is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<PRE>
+<B><<<</B><I>word</I>
+</PRE>
+
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+The <I>word</I> is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
+input.
+<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
+<H4>Duplicating File Descriptors</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The redirection operator
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B><&</B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
+If
+<I>word</I>
+
+expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by
+<I>n</I>
+
+is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
+If the digits in
+<I>word</I>
+
+do not specify a file descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.
+If
+<I>word</I>
+
+evaluates to
+<B>-</B>,
+
+file descriptor
+<I>n</I>
+
+is closed. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+<P>
+
+The operator
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B>>&</B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
+If the digits in
+<I>word</I>
+
+do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection error occurs.
+As a special case, if <I>n</I> is omitted, and <I>word</I> does not
+expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+error are redirected as described previously.
+<A NAME="lbBR"> </A>
+<H4>Moving File Descriptors</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The redirection operator
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B><&</B><I>digit</I><B>-</B>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+moves the file descriptor <I>digit</I> to file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if <I>n</I> is not specified.
+<I>digit</I> is closed after being duplicated to <I>n</I>.
+<P>
+
+Similarly, the redirection operator
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B>>&</B><I>digit</I><B>-</B>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+moves the file descriptor <I>digit</I> to file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <I>n</I> is not specified.
+<A NAME="lbBS"> </A>
+<H4>Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The redirection operator
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[<I>n</I>]<B><></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+causes the file whose name is the expansion of
+<I>word</I>
+
+to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
+<I>n</I>,
+
+or on file descriptor 0 if
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+<A NAME="lbBT"> </A>
+<H3>ALIASES</H3>
+
+<I>Aliases</I> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
+as the first word of a simple command.
+The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with the
+<B>alias</B>
+
+and
+<B>unalias</B>
+
+builtin commands (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The first word of each simple command, if unquoted,
+is checked to see if it has an
+alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
+The characters <B>/</B>, <B>$</B>, <B>`</B>, and <B>=</B> and
+any of the shell <I>metacharacters</I> or quoting characters
+listed above may not appear in an alias name.
+The replacement text may contain any valid shell input,
+including shell metacharacters.
+The first word of the replacement text is tested
+for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
+is not expanded a second time.
+This means that one may alias
+<B>ls</B>
+
+to
+<B>ls -F</B>,
+
+for instance, and
+<B>bash</B>
+
+does not try to recursively expand the replacement text.
+If the last character of the alias value is a
+<I>blank</I>,
+
+then the next command
+word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+<P>
+
+Aliases are created and listed with the
+<B>alias</B>
+
+command, and removed with the
+<B>unalias</B>
+
+command.
+<P>
+
+There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.
+If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCTIONS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<P>
+
+Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless
+the
+<B>expand_aliases</B>
+
+shell option is set using
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+(see the description of
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B></FONT>
+below).
+<P>
+
+The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
+somewhat confusing.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+always reads at least one complete line
+of input before executing any
+of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
+command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
+alias definition appearing on the same line as another
+command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
+The commands following the alias definition
+on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
+not when the function is executed, because a function definition
+is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
+defined in a function are not available until after that
+function is executed. To be safe, always put
+alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use
+<B>alias</B>
+
+in compound commands.
+<P>
+
+For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by
+shell functions.
+<A NAME="lbBU"> </A>
+<H3>FUNCTIONS</H3>
+
+A shell function, defined as described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+stores a series of commands for later execution.
+When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
+the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
+Functions are executed in the context of the
+current shell; no new process is created to interpret
+them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+When a function is executed, the arguments to the
+function become the positional parameters
+during its execution.
+The special parameter
+<B>#</B>
+
+is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0
+is unchanged.
+The first element of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable is set to the name of the function while the function
+is executing.
+All other aspects of the shell execution
+environment are identical between a function and its caller
+with the exception that the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>DEBUG</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<B>RETURN</B>
+
+traps (see the description of the
+<B>trap</B>
+
+builtin under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) are not inherited unless the function has been given the
+<B>trace</B> attribute (see the description of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>declare</B>
+
+</FONT>
+builtin below) or the
+<B>-o functrace</B> shell option has been enabled with
+the <B>set</B> builtin
+(in which case all functions inherit the <B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> traps).
+<P>
+
+Variables local to the function may be declared with the
+<B>local</B>
+
+builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values
+are shared between the function and its caller.
+<P>
+
+If the builtin command
+<B>return</B>
+
+is executed in a function, the function completes and
+execution resumes with the next command after the function
+call.
+Any command associated with the <B>RETURN</B> trap is executed
+before execution resumes.
+When a function completes, the values of the
+positional parameters and the special parameter
+<B>#</B>
+
+are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
+execution.
+<P>
+
+Function names and definitions may be listed with the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>declare</B>
+
+or
+<B>typeset</B>
+
+builtin commands. The
+<B>-F</B>
+
+option to
+<B>declare</B>
+
+or
+<B>typeset</B>
+
+will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <B>extdebug</B>
+shell option is enabled).
+Functions may be exported so that subshells
+automatically have them defined with the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>export</B>
+
+builtin.
+A function definition may be deleted using the <B>-f</B> option to
+the
+<B>unset</B>
+
+builtin.
+Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
+in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
+shell's children.
+Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+<P>
+
+Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number
+of recursive calls.
+<A NAME="lbBV"> </A>
+<H3>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</H3>
+
+The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
+certain circumstances (see the <B>let</B> and <B>declare</B> builtin
+commands and <B>Arithmetic Expansion</B>).
+Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
+though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
+are the same as in the C language.
+The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
+equal-precedence operators.
+The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B></B><I>id</I>++ <I>id</I>--
+
+<DD>
+variable post-increment and post-decrement
+<DT><B>++</B><I>id</I> --<I>id</I>
+
+<DD>
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+<DT><B>- +</B>
+
+<DD>
+unary minus and plus
+<DT><B>! ~</B>
+
+<DD>
+logical and bitwise negation
+<DT><B>**</B>
+
+<DD>
+exponentiation
+<DT><B>* / %</B>
+
+<DD>
+multiplication, division, remainder
+<DT><B>+ -</B>
+
+<DD>
+addition, subtraction
+<DT><B><< >></B>
+
+<DD>
+left and right bitwise shifts
+<DT><B><= >= < ></B>
+
+<DD>
+comparison
+<DT><B>== !=</B>
+
+<DD>
+equality and inequality
+<DT><B>&</B>
+
+<DD>
+bitwise AND
+<DT><B>^</B>
+
+<DD>
+bitwise exclusive OR
+<DT><B>|</B>
+
+<DD>
+bitwise OR
+<DT><B>&&</B>
+
+<DD>
+logical AND
+<DT><B>||</B>
+
+<DD>
+logical OR
+<DT><B></B><I>expr</I>?<I>expr</I>:<I>expr</I>
+
+<DD>
+conditional operator
+<DT><B>= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=</B>
+
+<DD>
+assignment
+<DT><B></B><I>expr1</I> , <I>expr2</I>
+
+<DD>
+comma
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
+performed before the expression is evaluated.
+Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
+without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
+by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
+when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
+<I>integer</I> attribute using <B>declare -i</B> is assigned a value.
+A null value evaluates to 0.
+A shell variable need not have its integer attribute
+turned on to be used in an expression.
+<P>
+
+Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
+A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal.
+Otherwise, numbers take the form [<I>base#</I>]n, where <I>base</I>
+is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
+base, and <I>n</I> is a number in that base.
+If <I>base#</I> is omitted, then base 10 is used.
+The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order.
+If <I>base</I> is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
+and 35.
+<P>
+
+Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
+rules above.
+<A NAME="lbBW"> </A>
+<H3>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</H3>
+
+Conditional expressions are used by the <B>[[</B> compound command and
+the <B>test</B> and <B>[</B> builtin commands to test file attributes
+and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.
+Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+If any <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
+<I>/dev/fd/n</I>, then file descriptor <I>n</I> is checked.
+If the <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is one of
+<I>/dev/stdin</I>, <I>/dev/stdout</I>, or <I>/dev/stderr</I>, file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+<P>
+
+Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
+links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-a </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists.
+<DT><B>-b </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a block special file.
+<DT><B>-c </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a character special file.
+<DT><B>-d </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a directory.
+<DT><B>-e </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists.
+<DT><B>-f </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a regular file.
+<DT><B>-g </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is set-group-id.
+<DT><B>-h </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a symbolic link.
+<DT><B>-k </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
+<DT><B>-p </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+<DT><B>-r </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is readable.
+<DT><B>-s </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and has a size greater than zero.
+<DT><B>-t </B><I>fd</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if file descriptor
+<I>fd</I>
+
+is open and refers to a terminal.
+<DT><B>-u </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+<DT><B>-w </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is writable.
+<DT><B>-x </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is executable.
+<DT><B>-O </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+<DT><B>-G </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+<DT><B>-L </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a symbolic link.
+<DT><B>-S </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and is a socket.
+<DT><B>-N </B><I>file</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if <I>file</I> exists and has been modified since it was last read.
+<DT><I>file1</I> -<B>nt</B> <I>file2</I><DD>
+True if <I>file1</I> is newer (according to modification date) than <I>file2</I>,
+or if <I>file1</I> exists and file2 does not.
+<DT><I>file1</I> -<B>ot</B> <I>file2</I><DD>
+True if <I>file1</I> is older than <I>file2</I>, or if <I>file2</I> exists
+and <I>file1</I> does not.
+<DT><I>file1</I> <B>-ef</B> <I>file2</I><DD>
+True if <I>file1</I> and <I>file2</I> refer to the same device and
+inode numbers.
+<DT><B>-o </B><I>optname</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if shell option
+<I>optname</I>
+
+is enabled.
+See the list of options under the description of the
+<B>-o</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin below.
+<DT><B>-z </B><I>string</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if the length of <I>string</I> is zero.
+<DT><I>string</I><DD>
+
+<DT><B>-n </B><I>string</I>
+
+<DD>
+
+True if the length of
+<I>string</I>
+
+is non-zero.
+<DT><I>string1</I> <B>==</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
+True if the strings are equal. <B>=</B> may be used in place of
+<B>==</B> for strict POSIX compliance.
+<DT><I>string1</I> <B>!=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
+True if the strings are not equal.
+<DT><I>string1</I> <B><</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
+True if <I>string1</I> sorts before <I>string2</I> lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+<DT><I>string1</I> <B>></B> <I>string2</I><DD>
+True if <I>string1</I> sorts after <I>string2</I> lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+<DT><I>arg1</I> <B>OP</B> <I>arg2</I>
+
+<DD>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is one of
+<B>-eq</B>,
+
+<B>-ne</B>,
+
+<B>-lt</B>,
+
+<B>-le</B>,
+
+<B>-gt</B>,
+
+or
+<B>-ge</B>.
+
+These arithmetic binary operators return true if <I>arg1</I>
+is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
+greater than, or greater than or equal to <I>arg2</I>, respectively.
+<I>Arg1</I>
+
+and
+<I>arg2</I>
+
+may be positive or negative integers.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbBX"> </A>
+<H3>SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</H3>
+
+When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>1.<DD>
+The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
+preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
+processing.
+<DT>2.<DD>
+The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
+the arguments.
+<DT>3.<DD>
+Redirections are performed as described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<DT>4.<DD>
+The text after the <B>=</B> in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
+of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
+If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
+<P>
+
+If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+command to exit with a non-zero status.
+<P>
+
+If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
+contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
+the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
+were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
+<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
+<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION</H3>
+
+After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
+simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
+actions are taken.
+<P>
+
+If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
+locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
+function is invoked as described above in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCTIONS</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
+it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
+builtin is invoked.
+<P>
+
+If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
+and contains no slashes,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+searches each element of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+for a directory containing an executable file by that name.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable
+files (see
+<B>hash</B>
+
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+A full search of the directories in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+function named <B>command_not_found_handle</B>.
+If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
+exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
+If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+message and returns an exit status of 127.
+<P>
+
+If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
+one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a
+separate execution environment.
+Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
+to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
+<P>
+
+If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
+format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be
+a <I>shell script</I>, a file
+containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute
+it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so
+that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked
+to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of
+commands remembered by the parent (see
+<B>hash</B>
+
+below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>)</FONT>
+are retained by the child.
+<P>
+
+If the program is a file beginning with
+<B>#!</B>,
+
+the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter
+for the program. The shell executes the
+specified interpreter on operating systems that do not
+handle this executable format themselves. The arguments to the
+interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the
+interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed
+by the name of the program, followed by the command
+arguments, if any.
+<A NAME="lbBZ"> </A>
+<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</H3>
+
+The shell has an <I>execution environment</I>, which consists of the
+following:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>*<DD>
+open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+redirections supplied to the <B>exec</B> builtin
+<DT>*<DD>
+the current working directory as set by <B>cd</B>, <B>pushd</B>, or
+<B>popd</B>, or inherited by the shell at invocation
+<DT>*<DD>
+the file creation mode mask as set by <B>umask</B> or inherited from
+the shell's parent
+<DT>*<DD>
+current traps set by <B>trap</B>
+<DT>*<DD>
+shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with <B>set</B>
+or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+<DT>*<DD>
+shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
+parent in the environment
+<DT>*<DD>
+options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
+arguments) or by <B>set</B>
+<DT>*<DD>
+options enabled by <B>shopt</B>
+<DT>*<DD>
+shell aliases defined with <B>alias</B>
+<DT>*<DD>
+various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value
+of <B>$$</B>, and the value of <B>$PPID</B>
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
+is to be executed, it
+is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
+the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
+from the shell.
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>*<DD>
+the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
+by redirections to the command
+<DT>*<DD>
+the current working directory
+<DT>*<DD>
+the file creation mode mask
+<DT>*<DD>
+shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
+exported for the command, passed in the environment
+<DT>*<DD>
+traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
+shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+shell's execution environment.
+<P>
+
+Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
+and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
+subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
+except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
+that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
+commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a
+subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
+cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+<P>
+
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode,
+Bash clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells.
+<P>
+
+If a command is followed by a <B>&</B> and job control is not active, the
+default standard input for the command is the empty file <I>/dev/null</I>.
+Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
+shell as modified by redirections.
+<A NAME="lbCA"> </A>
+<H3>ENVIRONMENT</H3>
+
+When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
+called the
+<I>environment</I>.
+
+This is a list of
+<I>name</I>-<I>value</I> pairs, of the form
+<I>name</I>=value.
+
+<P>
+
+The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
+On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
+creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
+it for
+<I>export</I>
+
+to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
+The
+<B>export</B>
+
+and
+<B>declare -x</B>
+
+commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
+in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
+of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
+inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
+initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
+less any pairs removed by the
+<B>unset</B>
+
+command, plus any additions via the
+<B>export</B>
+
+and
+<B>declare -x</B>
+
+commands.
+<P>
+
+The environment for any
+<I>simple command</I>
+
+or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
+parameter assignments, as described above in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
+by that command.
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>-k</B>
+
+option is set (see the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command below), then
+<I>all</I>
+
+parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
+not just those that precede the command name.
+<P>
+
+When
+<B>bash</B>
+
+invokes an external command, the variable
+<B>_</B>
+
+is set to the full file name of the command and passed to that
+command in its environment.
+<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
+<H3>EXIT STATUS</H3>
+
+<P>
+
+The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+<I>waitpid</I> system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
+fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
+use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
+compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
+circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
+failure modes.
+<P>
+
+For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
+zero exit status has succeeded. An exit status of zero
+indicates success. A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
+When a command terminates on a fatal signal <I>N</I>, <B>bash</B> uses
+the value of 128+<I>N</I> as the exit status.
+<P>
+
+If a command is not found, the child process created to
+execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
+but is not executable, the return status is 126.
+<P>
+
+If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+the exit status is greater than zero.
+<P>
+
+Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (<I>true</I>) if
+successful, and non-zero (<I>false</I>) if an error occurs
+while they execute.
+All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B> itself returns the exit status of the last command
+executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits
+with a non-zero value. See also the <B>exit</B> builtin
+command below.
+<A NAME="lbCC"> </A>
+<H3>SIGNALS</H3>
+
+When <B>bash</B> is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTERM</B>
+
+</FONT>
+(so that <B>kill 0</B> does not kill an interactive shell),
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGINT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is caught and handled (so that the <B>wait</B> builtin is interruptible).
+In all cases, <B>bash</B> ignores
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGQUIT</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If job control is in effect,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+ignores
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTIN</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTOU</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTSTP</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<P>
+
+Non-builtin commands run by <B>bash</B> have signal handlers
+set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent.
+When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
+ignore
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGINT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGQUIT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+in addition to these inherited handlers.
+Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the
+keyboard-generated job control signals
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTIN</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTOU</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTSTP</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<P>
+
+The shell exits by default upon receipt of a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to all jobs, running or stopped.
+Stopped jobs are sent
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGCONT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to ensure that they receive the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+To prevent the shell from
+sending the signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the
+jobs table with the
+<B>disown</B>
+
+builtin (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) or marked
+to not receive
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+using
+<B>disown -h</B>.
+
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>huponexit</B>
+
+shell option has been set with
+<B>shopt</B>,
+
+<B>bash</B>
+
+sends a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
+<P>
+
+If <B>bash</B> is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
+for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
+the command completes.
+When <B>bash</B> is waiting for an asynchronous command via the <B>wait</B>
+builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will
+cause the <B>wait</B> builtin to return immediately with an exit status
+greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
+<A NAME="lbCD"> </A>
+<H3>JOB CONTROL</H3>
+
+<I>Job control</I>
+
+refers to the ability to selectively stop (<I>suspend</I>)
+the execution of processes and continue (<I>resume</I>)
+their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
+this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
+by the system's terminal driver and
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+<P>
+
+The shell associates a
+<I>job</I>
+
+with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing
+jobs, which may be listed with the
+<B>jobs</B>
+
+command. When
+<B>bash</B>
+
+starts a job asynchronously (in the
+<I>background</I>),
+
+it prints a line that looks like:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+[1] 25647
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID
+of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647.
+All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+uses the
+<I>job</I>
+
+abstraction as the basis for job control.
+<P>
+
+To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
+control, the operating system maintains the notion of a <I>current terminal
+process group ID</I>. Members of this process group (processes whose
+process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID)
+receive keyboard-generated signals such as
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGINT</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+These processes are said to be in the
+<I>foreground</I>.
+
+<I>Background</I>
+
+processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
+such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the
+terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the
+terminal are sent a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)</B>
+
+</FONT>
+signal by the terminal driver,
+which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+<P>
+
+If the operating system on which
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is running supports
+job control,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+contains facilities to use it.
+Typing the
+<I>suspend</I>
+
+character (typically
+<B>^Z</B>,
+
+Control-Z) while a process is running
+causes that process to be stopped and returns control to
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+Typing the
+<I>delayed suspend</I>
+
+character (typically
+<B>^Y</B>,
+
+Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it
+attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
+be returned to
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+The user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the
+<B>bg</B>
+
+command to continue it in the background, the
+<B>fg</B>
+
+command to continue it in the foreground, or
+the
+<B>kill</B>
+
+command to kill it. A <B>^Z</B> takes effect immediately,
+and has the additional side effect of causing pending output
+and typeahead to be discarded.
+<P>
+
+There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell.
+The character
+<B>%</B>
+
+introduces a job specification (<I>jobspec</I>). Job number
+<I>n</I>
+
+may be referred to as
+<B>%n</B>.
+
+A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to
+start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.
+For example,
+<B>%ce</B>
+
+refers to a stopped
+<B>ce</B>
+
+job. If a prefix matches more than one job,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reports an error. Using
+<B>%?ce</B>,
+
+on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string
+<B>ce</B>
+
+in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reports an error. The symbols
+<B>%%</B>
+
+and
+<B>%+</B>
+
+refer to the shell's notion of the
+<I>current job</I>,
+
+which is the last job stopped while it was in
+the foreground or started in the background.
+The
+<I>previous job</I>
+
+may be referenced using
+<B>%-</B>.
+
+If there is only a single job, <B>%+</B> and <B>%-</B> can both be used
+to refer to that job.
+In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+<B>jobs</B>
+
+command), the current job is always flagged with a
+<B>+</B>,
+
+and the previous job with a
+<B>-</B>.
+
+A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
+current job.
+<P>
+
+Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the
+foreground:
+<B>%1</B>
+
+is a synonym for
+<B>``fg %1''</B>,
+bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground.
+Similarly,
+<B>``%1 &''</B>
+
+resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to
+<B>``bg %1''</B>.
+<P>
+
+The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
+Normally,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting
+changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
+any other output. If the
+<B>-b</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command
+is enabled,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+reports such changes immediately.
+Any trap on
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGCHLD</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is executed for each child that exits.
+<P>
+
+If an attempt to exit
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the <B>checkjobs</B> shell option has
+been enabled using the <B>shopt</B> builtin, running), the shell prints a
+warning message, and, if the <B>checkjobs</B> option is enabled, lists the
+jobs and their statuses.
+The
+<B>jobs</B>
+
+command may then be used to inspect their status.
+If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
+the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
+jobs are terminated.
+<A NAME="lbCE"> </A>
+<H3>PROMPTING</H3>
+
+When executing interactively,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+displays the primary prompt
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS1</B>
+
+</FONT>
+when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS2</B>
+
+</FONT>
+when it needs more input to complete a command.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of
+backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>\a</B>
+
+<DD>
+an ASCII bell character (07)
+<DT><B>\d</B>
+
+<DD>
+the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
+<DT><B>\D{</B><I>format</I>}
+
+<DD>
+the <I>format</I> is passed to <I>strftime</I>(3) and the result is inserted
+into the prompt string; an empty <I>format</I> results in a locale-specific
+time representation. The braces are required
+<DT><B>\e</B>
+
+<DD>
+an ASCII escape character (033)
+<DT><B>\h</B>
+
+<DD>
+the hostname up to the first `.'
+<DT><B>\H</B>
+
+<DD>
+the hostname
+<DT><B>\j</B>
+
+<DD>
+the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
+<DT><B>\l</B>
+
+<DD>
+the basename of the shell's terminal device name
+<DT><B>\n</B>
+
+<DD>
+newline
+<DT><B>\r</B>
+
+<DD>
+carriage return
+<DT><B>\s</B>
+
+<DD>
+the name of the shell, the basename of
+<B>$0</B>
+
+(the portion following the final slash)
+<DT><B>\t</B>
+
+<DD>
+the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
+<DT><B>\T</B>
+
+<DD>
+the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
+<DT><B>\@</B>
+
+<DD>
+the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
+<DT><B>\A</B>
+
+<DD>
+the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
+<DT><B>\u</B>
+
+<DD>
+the username of the current user
+<DT><B>\v</B>
+
+<DD>
+the version of <B>bash</B> (e.g., 2.00)
+<DT><B>\V</B>
+
+<DD>
+the release of <B>bash</B>, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
+<DT><B>\w</B>
+
+<DD>
+the current working directory, with <B>$HOME</B> abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the <B>$PROMPT_DIRTRIM</B> variable)
+<DT><B>\W</B>
+
+<DD>
+the basename of the current working directory, with <B>$HOME</B>
+abbreviated with a tilde
+<DT><B>\!</B>
+
+<DD>
+the history number of this command
+<DT><B>\#</B>
+
+<DD>
+the command number of this command
+<DT><B>\$</B>
+
+<DD>
+if the effective UID is 0, a
+<B>#</B>,
+
+otherwise a
+<B>$</B>
+
+<DT><B>\</B><I>nnn</I>
+
+<DD>
+the character corresponding to the octal number <I>nnn</I>
+<DT><B>\\</B>
+
+<DD>
+a backslash
+<DT><B>\[</B>
+
+<DD>
+begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to
+embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
+<DT><B>\]</B>
+
+<DD>
+end a sequence of non-printing characters
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<P>
+
+The command number and the history number are usually different:
+the history number of a command is its position in the history
+list, which may include commands restored from the history file
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below), while the command number is the position in the sequence
+of commands executed during the current shell session.
+After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+<B>promptvars</B>
+
+shell option (see the description of the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+command under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<A NAME="lbCF"> </A>
+<H3>READLINE</H3>
+
+This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive
+shell, unless the
+<B>--noediting</B>
+
+option is given at shell invocation.
+Line editing is also used when using the <B>-e</B> option to the
+<B>read</B> builtin.
+By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.
+A vi-style line editing interface is also available.
+Line editing can be enabled at any time using the
+<B>-o emacs</B>
+
+or
+<B>-o vi</B>
+
+options to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+To turn off line editing after the shell is running, use the
+<B>+o emacs</B>
+
+or
+<B>+o vi</B>
+
+options to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin.
+<A NAME="lbCG"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Notation</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote
+keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-<I>key</I>, e.g., C-n
+means Control-N. Similarly,
+<I>meta</I>
+
+keys are denoted by M-<I>key</I>, so M-x means Meta-X. (On keyboards
+without a
+<I>meta</I>
+
+key, M-<I>x</I> means ESC <I>x</I>, i.e., press the Escape key
+then the
+<I>x</I>
+
+key. This makes ESC the <I>meta prefix</I>.
+The combination M-C-<I>x</I> means ESC-Control-<I>x</I>,
+or press the Escape key
+then hold the Control key while pressing the
+<I>x</I>
+
+key.)
+<P>
+
+Readline commands may be given numeric
+<I>arguments</I>,
+
+which normally act as a repeat count.
+Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.
+Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in the forward
+direction (e.g., <B>kill-line</B>) causes that command to act in a
+backward direction.
+Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted
+below.
+<P>
+
+When a command is described as <I>killing</I> text, the text
+deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
+(<I>yanking</I>). The killed text is saved in a
+<I>kill ring</I>. Consecutive kills cause the text to be
+accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
+Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
+on the kill ring.
+<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Initialization</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
+file (the <I>inputrc</I> file).
+The name of this file is taken from the value of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INPUTRC</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+<A HREF="file:~/.inputrc"><I>~/.inputrc</I></A>.
+
+When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the
+initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables
+are set.
+There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
+readline initialization file.
+Blank lines are ignored.
+Lines beginning with a <B>#</B> are comments.
+Lines beginning with a <B>$</B> indicate conditional constructs.
+Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
+<P>
+
+The default key-bindings may be changed with an
+<I>inputrc </I>
+
+file.
+Other programs that use this library may add their own commands
+and bindings.
+<P>
+
+For example, placing
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+M-Control-u: universal-argument
+</DL>
+
+or
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+C-Meta-u: universal-argument
+</DL>
+
+into the
+<I>inputrc</I>
+
+would make M-C-u execute the readline command
+<I>universal-argument</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+The following symbolic character names are recognized:
+<I>RUBOUT</I>,
+
+<I>DEL</I>,
+
+<I>ESC</I>,
+
+<I>LFD</I>,
+
+<I>NEWLINE</I>,
+
+<I>RET</I>,
+
+<I>RETURN</I>,
+
+<I>SPC</I>,
+
+<I>SPACE</I>,
+
+and
+<I>TAB</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <I>macro</I>).
+<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Key Bindings</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The syntax for controlling key bindings in the
+<I>inputrc</I>
+
+file is simple. All that is required is the name of the
+command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which
+it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways:
+as a symbolic key name, possibly with <I>Meta-</I> or <I>Control-</I>
+prefixes, or as a key sequence.
+<P>
+
+When using the form <B>keyname</B>:<I>function-name</I> or <I>macro</I>,
+<I>keyname</I>
+
+is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+Control-u: universal-argument
+<BR>
+
+Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+<BR>
+
+Control-o: "> output"
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+In the above example,
+<I>C-u</I>
+
+is bound to the function
+<B>universal-argument</B>,
+
+<I>M-DEL</I>
+
+is bound to the function
+<B>backward-kill-word</B>,
+
+and
+<I>C-o</I>
+
+is bound to run the macro
+expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
+<TT>> output</TT>
+
+into the line).
+<P>
+
+In the second form, <B>"keyseq"</B>:<I>function-name</I> or <I>macro</I>,
+<B>keyseq</B>
+
+differs from
+<B>keyname</B>
+
+above in that strings denoting
+an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence
+within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be
+used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names
+are not recognized.
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+"\C-u": universal-argument
+<BR>
+
+"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
+<BR>
+
+"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+In this example,
+<I>C-u</I>
+
+is again bound to the function
+<B>universal-argument</B>.
+
+<I>C-x C-r</I>
+
+is bound to the function
+<B>re-read-init-file</B>,
+
+and
+<I>ESC [ 1 1 ~</I>
+
+is bound to insert the text
+<TT>Function Key 1</TT>.
+
+<P>
+
+The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>\C-</B>
+
+<DD>
+control prefix
+<DT><B>\M-</B>
+
+<DD>
+meta prefix
+<DT><B>\e</B>
+
+<DD>
+an escape character
+<DT><B>\\</B>
+
+<DD>
+backslash
+<DT><B>\</B>
+
+<DD>
+literal "
+<DT><B>\aq</B>
+
+<DD>
+literal aq
+</DL></DL>
+
+
+<P>
+
+In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
+set of backslash escapes is available:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>\a</B>
+
+<DD>
+alert (bell)
+<DT><B>\b</B>
+
+<DD>
+backspace
+<DT><B>\d</B>
+
+<DD>
+delete
+<DT><B>\f</B>
+
+<DD>
+form feed
+<DT><B>\n</B>
+
+<DD>
+newline
+<DT><B>\r</B>
+
+<DD>
+carriage return
+<DT><B>\t</B>
+
+<DD>
+horizontal tab
+<DT><B>\v</B>
+
+<DD>
+vertical tab
+<DT><B>\</B><I>nnn</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I>
+(one to three digits)
+<DT><B>\x</B><I>HH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
+(one or two hex digits)
+</DL></DL>
+
+
+<P>
+
+When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
+be used to indicate a macro definition.
+Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
+In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
+Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
+including " and aq.
+<P>
+
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified
+with the
+<B>bind</B>
+
+builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive
+use by using the
+<B>-o</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+<A NAME="lbCJ"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Variables</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
+behavior. A variable may be set in the
+<I>inputrc</I>
+
+file with a statement of the form
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>set</B> <I>variable-name</I> <I>value</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+<B>On</B>
+
+or
+<B>Off</B>
+
+(without regard to case).
+Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insensitive),
+and "1" are equivalent to <B>On</B>. All other values are equivalent to
+<B>Off</B>.
+The variables and their default values are:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>bell-style (audible)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to <B>none</B>, readline never rings the bell. If set to
+<B>visible</B>, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to <B>audible</B>, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+<DT><B>bind-tty-special-chars (On)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline
+equivalents.
+<DT><B>comment-begin (``#'')</B>
+
+<DD>
+The string that is inserted when the readline
+<B>insert-comment</B>
+
+command is executed.
+This command is bound to
+<B>M-#</B>
+
+in emacs mode and to
+<B>#</B>
+
+in vi command mode.
+<DT><B>completion-ignore-case (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline performs filename matching and completion
+in a case-insensitive fashion.
+<DT><B>completion-prefix-display-length (0)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
+completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
+value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
+replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
+<DT><B>completion-query-items (100)</B>
+
+<DD>
+This determines when the user is queried about viewing
+the number of possible completions
+generated by the <B>possible-completions</B> command.
+It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to
+zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than
+or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether
+or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed
+on the terminal.
+<DT><B>convert-meta (On)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline will convert characters with the
+eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence
+by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an
+escape character (in effect, using escape as the <I>meta prefix</I>).
+<DT><B>disable-completion (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
+characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+mapped to <B>self-insert</B>.
+<DT><B>editing-mode (emacs)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar
+to <I>emacs</I> or <I>vi</I>.
+<B>editing-mode</B>
+
+can be set to either
+<B>emacs</B>
+
+or
+<B>vi</B>.
+
+<DT><B>enable-keypad (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+When set to <B>On</B>, readline will try to enable the application
+keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+arrow keys.
+<DT><B>expand-tilde (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>on</B>, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+attempts word completion.
+<DT><B>history-preserve-point (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>on</B>, the history code attempts to place point at the
+same location on each history line retrieved with <B>previous-history</B>
+or <B>next-history</B>.
+<DT><B>history-size (0)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
+set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
+<DT><B>horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+When set to <B>On</B>, makes readline use a single line for display,
+scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
+becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
+<DT><B>input-meta (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is,
+it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
+regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+<B>meta-flag</B>
+
+is a synonym for this variable.
+<DT><B>isearch-terminators (``C-[C-J'')</B>
+
+<DD>
+The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+search without subsequently executing the character as a command.
+If this variable has not been given a value, the characters
+<I>ESC</I> and <I>C-J</I> will terminate an incremental search.
+<DT><B>keymap (emacs)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names is
+<I>emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi,
+vi-command</I>, and
+<I>vi-insert</I>.
+
+<I>vi</I> is equivalent to <I>vi-command</I>; <I>emacs</I> is
+equivalent to <I>emacs-standard</I>. The default value is
+<I>emacs</I>;
+
+the value of
+<B>editing-mode</B>
+
+also affects the default keymap.
+<DT><B>mark-directories (On)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, completed directory names have a slash
+appended.
+<DT><B>mark-modified-lines (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, history lines that have been modified are displayed
+with a preceding asterisk (<B>*</B>).
+<DT><B>mark-symlinked-directories (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, completed names which are symbolic links to directories
+have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+<B>mark-directories</B>).
+<DT><B>match-hidden-files (On)</B>
+
+<DD>
+This variable, when set to <B>On</B>, causes readline to match files whose
+names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename
+completion, unless the leading `.' is
+supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
+<DT><B>output-meta (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline will display characters with the
+eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
+sequence.
+<DT><B>page-completions (On)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline uses an internal <I>more</I>-like pager
+to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
+<DT><B>print-completions-horizontally (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, readline will display completions with matches
+sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
+<DT><B>revert-all-at-newline (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>on</B>, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+before returning when <B>accept-line</B> is executed. By default,
+history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
+calls to <B>readline</B>.
+<DT><B>show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
+set to
+<B>on</B>,
+
+words which have more than one possible completion cause the
+matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
+<DT><B>show-all-if-unmodified (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+a fashion similar to <B>show-all-if-ambiguous</B>.
+If set to
+<B>on</B>,
+
+words which have more than one possible completion without any
+possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
+a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
+of ringing the bell.
+<DT><B>visible-stats (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>On</B>, a character denoting a file's type as reported
+by <I>stat</I>(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible
+completions.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Conditional Constructs</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
+bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
+of tests. There are four parser directives used.
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>$if</B><DD>
+The
+<B>$if</B>
+
+construct allows bindings to be made based on the
+editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+no characters are required to isolate it.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>mode</B><DD>
+The <B>mode=</B> form of the <B>$if</B> directive is used to test
+whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
+This may be used in conjunction
+with the <B>set keymap</B> command, for instance, to set bindings in
+the <I>emacs-standard</I> and <I>emacs-ctlx</I> keymaps only if
+readline is starting out in emacs mode.
+<DT><B>term</B><DD>
+The <B>term=</B> form may be used to include terminal-specific
+key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
+terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
+<B>=</B>
+
+is tested against the both full name of the terminal and the portion
+of the terminal name before the first <B>-</B>. This allows
+<I>sun</I>
+
+to match both
+<I>sun</I>
+
+and
+<I>sun-cmd</I>,
+
+for instance.
+<DT><B>application</B><DD>
+The <B>application</B> construct is used to include
+application-specific settings. Each program using the readline
+library sets the <I>application name</I>, and an initialization
+file can test for a particular value.
+This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
+a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
+key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<PRE>
+<B>$if</B> Bash
+# Quote the current or previous word
+"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+<B>$endif</B>
+</PRE>
+
+</DL>
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>$endif</B><DD>
+This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
+<B>$if</B> command.
+<DT><B>$else</B><DD>
+Commands in this branch of the <B>$if</B> directive are executed if
+the test fails.
+<DT><B>$include</B><DD>
+This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
+and bindings from that file. For example, the following directive
+would read <A HREF="file:/etc/inputrc"><I>/etc/inputrc</I></A>:
+<P>
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<PRE>
+<B>$include</B> <A HREF="file:/etc/inputrc"><I>/etc/inputrc</I></A>
+</PRE>
+
+</DL>
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
+<H4>Searching</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) for lines containing a specified string.
+There are two search modes:
+<I>incremental</I>
+
+and
+<I>non-incremental</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+search string.
+As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
+the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
+An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
+find the desired history entry.
+The characters present in the value of the <B>isearch-terminators</B>
+variable are used to terminate an incremental search.
+If that variable has not been assigned a value the Escape and
+Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+line.
+When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+search string becomes the current line.
+<P>
+
+To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+Control-R as appropriate.
+This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
+entry matching the search string typed so far.
+Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
+the search and execute that command.
+For instance, a <I>newline</I> will terminate the search and accept
+the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
+<P>
+
+Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two
+Control-Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a
+new search string, any remembered search string is used.
+<P>
+
+Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
+typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
+<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
+<H4>Readline Command Names</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+key sequences to which they are bound.
+Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
+In the following descriptions, <I>point</I> refers to the current cursor
+position, and <I>mark</I> refers to a cursor position saved by the
+<B>set-mark</B> command.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
+<A NAME="lbCN"> </A>
+<H4>Commands for Moving</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>beginning-of-line (C-a)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move to the start of the current line.
+<DT><B>end-of-line (C-e)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move to the end of the line.
+<DT><B>forward-char (C-f)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move forward a character.
+<DT><B>backward-char (C-b)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move back a character.
+<DT><B>forward-word (M-f)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
+alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+<DT><B>backward-word (M-b)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
+Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+<DT><B>shell-forward-word</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move forward to the end of the next word.
+Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+<DT><B>shell-backward-word</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
+Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+<DT><B>clear-screen (C-l)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
+With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
+screen.
+<DT><B>redraw-current-line</B>
+
+<DD>
+Refresh the current line.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCO"> </A>
+<H4>Commands for Manipulating the History</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>accept-line (Newline, Return)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
+non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable. If the line is a modified history
+line, then restore the history line to its original state.
+<DT><B>previous-history (C-p)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
+the list.
+<DT><B>next-history (C-n)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the
+list.
+<DT><B>beginning-of-history (M-<)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move to the first line in the history.
+<DT><B>end-of-history (M->)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being
+entered.
+<DT><B>reverse-search-history (C-r)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
+the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+<DT><B>forward-search-history (C-s)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
+the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+<DT><B>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search backward through the history starting at the current line
+using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
+<DT><B>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for
+a string supplied by the user.
+<DT><B>history-search-forward</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+<DT><B>history-search-backward</B>
+
+<DD>
+Search backward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+<DT><B>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
+the second word on the previous line) at point.
+With an argument
+<I>n</I>,
+
+insert the <I>n</I>th word from the previous command (the words
+in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+inserts the <I>n</I>th word from the end of the previous command.
+Once the argument <I>n</I> is computed, the argument is extracted
+as if the "!<I>n</I>" history expansion had been specified.
+<DT><B>yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of
+the previous history entry). With an argument,
+behave exactly like <B>yank-nth-arg</B>.
+Successive calls to <B>yank-last-arg</B> move back through the history
+list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn.
+The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument,
+as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified.
+<DT><B>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Expand the line as the shell does. This
+performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
+word expansions. See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below for a description of history expansion.
+<DT><B>history-expand-line (M-^)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform history expansion on the current line.
+See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below for a description of history expansion.
+<DT><B>magic-space</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space.
+See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below for a description of history expansion.
+<DT><B>alias-expand-line</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform alias expansion on the current line.
+See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ALIASES</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above for a description of alias expansion.
+<DT><B>history-and-alias-expand-line</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
+<DT><B>insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)</B>
+
+<DD>
+A synonym for <B>yank-last-arg</B>.
+<DT><B>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+argument is ignored.
+<DT><B>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
+commands.
+<B>Bash</B> attempts to invoke
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$VISUAL</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$EDITOR</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and <I>emacs</I> as the editor, in that order.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCP"> </A>
+<H4>Commands for Changing Text</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>delete-char (C-d)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Delete the character at point. If point is at the
+beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
+the last character typed was not bound to <B>delete-char</B>,
+then return
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EOF</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<DT><B>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument,
+save the deleted text on the kill ring.
+<DT><B>forward-backward-delete-char</B>
+
+<DD>
+Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
+end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
+deleted.
+<DT><B>quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
+how to insert characters like <B>C-q</B>, for example.
+<DT><B>tab-insert (C-v TAB)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Insert a tab character.
+<DT><B>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Insert the character typed.
+<DT><B>transpose-chars (C-t)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Drag the character before point forward over the character at point,
+moving point forward as well.
+If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes
+the two characters before point.
+Negative arguments have no effect.
+<DT><B>transpose-words (M-t)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Drag the word before point past the word after point,
+moving point over that word as well.
+If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
+the last two words on the line.
+<DT><B>upcase-word (M-u)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+<DT><B>downcase-word (M-l)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+<DT><B>capitalize-word (M-c)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
+<DT><B>overwrite-mode</B>
+
+<DD>
+Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
+switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
+argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
+<B>emacs</B> mode; <B>vi</B> mode does overwrite differently.
+Each call to <I>readline()</I> starts in insert mode.
+In overwrite mode, characters bound to <B>self-insert</B> replace
+the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
+Characters bound to <B>backward-delete-char</B> replace the character
+before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCQ"> </A>
+<H4>Killing and Yanking</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>kill-line (C-k)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
+<DT><B>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
+<DT><B>unix-line-discard (C-u)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+
+<DT><B>kill-whole-line</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
+<DT><B>kill-word (M-d)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <B>forward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the word behind point.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <B>backward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>shell-kill-word (M-d)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <B>shell-forward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>shell-backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the word behind point.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <B>shell-backward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+<DT><B>unix-filename-rubout</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
+as the word boundaries.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+<DT><B>delete-horizontal-space (M-\)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
+<DT><B>kill-region</B>
+
+<DD>
+Kill the text in the current region.
+<DT><B>copy-region-as-kill</B>
+
+<DD>
+Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
+<DT><B>copy-backward-word</B>
+
+<DD>
+Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as <B>backward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>copy-forward-word</B>
+
+<DD>
+Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as <B>forward-word</B>.
+<DT><B>yank (C-y)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
+<DT><B>yank-pop (M-y)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works following
+<B>yank</B>
+
+or
+<B>yank-pop</B>.
+
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCR"> </A>
+<H4>Numeric Arguments</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
+argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
+<DT><B>universal-argument</B>
+
+<DD>
+This is another way to specify an argument.
+If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
+leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
+If the command is followed by digits, executing
+<B>universal-argument</B>
+
+again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
+As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
+character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
+for the next command is multiplied by four.
+The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
+first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
+argument count sixteen, and so on.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCS"> </A>
+<H4>Completing</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>complete (TAB)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
+<B>Bash</B>
+
+attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
+text begins with <B>$</B>), username (if the text begins with
+<B>~</B>), hostname (if the text begins with <B>@</B>), or
+command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none
+of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
+<DT><B>possible-completions (M-?)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point.
+<DT><B>insert-completions (M-*)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Insert all completions of the text before point
+that would have been generated by
+<B>possible-completions</B>.
+<DT><B>menu-complete</B>
+
+<DD>
+Similar to <B>complete</B>, but replaces the word to be completed
+with a single match from the list of possible completions.
+Repeated execution of <B>menu-complete</B> steps through the list
+of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
+At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
+(subject to the setting of <B>bell-style</B>)
+and the original text is restored.
+An argument of <I>n</I> moves <I>n</I> positions forward in the list
+of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
+through the list.
+This command is intended to be bound to <B>TAB</B>, but is unbound
+by default.
+<DT><B>delete-char-or-list</B>
+
+<DD>
+Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
+end of the line (like <B>delete-char</B>).
+If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
+<B>possible-completions</B>.
+This command is unbound by default.
+<DT><B>complete-filename (M-/)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
+<DT><B>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a filename.
+<DT><B>complete-username (M-~)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a username.
+<DT><B>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a username.
+<DT><B>complete-variable (M-$)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a shell variable.
+<DT><B>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a shell variable.
+<DT><B>complete-hostname (M-@)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a hostname.
+<DT><B>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a hostname.
+<DT><B>complete-command (M-!)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
+match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
+functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
+in that order.
+<DT><B>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a command name.
+<DT><B>dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+<DT><B>dabbrev-expand</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+<DT><B>complete-into-braces (M-{)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
+enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see
+<B>Brace Expansion</B>
+
+above).
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCT"> </A>
+<H4>Keyboard Macros</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</B>
+
+<DD>
+Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
+<DT><B>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</B>
+
+<DD>
+Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
+and store the definition.
+<DT><B>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
+in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
+<H4>Miscellaneous</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read in the contents of the <I>inputrc</I> file, and incorporate
+any bindings or variable assignments found there.
+<DT><B>abort (C-g)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Abort the current editing command and
+ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
+<B>bell-style</B>).
+
+<DT><B>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-</B><I>x</I>, ...)
+
+<DD>
+If the metafied character <I>x</I> is lowercase, run the command
+that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
+<DT><B>prefix-meta (ESC)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Metafy the next character typed.
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ESC</B>
+
+</FONT>
+<B>f</B>
+
+is equivalent to
+<B>Meta-f</B>.
+
+<DT><B>undo (C-_, C-x C-u)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
+<DT><B>revert-line (M-r)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+<B>undo</B>
+
+command enough times to return the line to its initial state.
+<DT><B>tilde-expand (M-&)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
+<DT><B>set-mark (C-@, M-<space>)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Set the mark to the point. If a
+numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
+<DT><B>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
+the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
+<DT><B>character-search (C-])</B>
+
+<DD>
+A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
+character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
+<DT><B>character-search-backward (M-C-])</B>
+
+<DD>
+A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that
+character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences.
+<DT><B>insert-comment (M-#)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline
+<B>comment-begin</B>
+
+variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
+the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
+of <B>comment-begin</B>, the value is inserted, otherwise
+the characters in <B>comment-begin</B> are deleted from the beginning of
+the line.
+In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
+The default value of
+<B>comment-begin</B> causes this command to make the current line
+a shell comment.
+If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line
+will be executed by the shell.
+<DT><B>glob-complete-word (M-g)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
+generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
+<DT><B>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+<DT><B>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+<B>glob-expand-word</B>
+
+is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+<DT><B>dump-functions</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
+readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
+<DT><B>dump-variables</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to the
+readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
+<DT><B>dump-macros</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
+<DT><B>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display version information about the current instance of
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCV"> </A>
+<H4>Programmable Completion</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+which a completion specification (a <I>compspec</I>) has been defined
+using the <B>complete</B> builtin (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below), the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
+<P>
+
+First, the command name is identified.
+If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
+compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word.
+If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full
+pathname is searched for first.
+If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to
+find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+<P>
+
+Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+matching words.
+If a compspec is not found, the default <B>bash</B> completion as
+described above under <B>Completing</B> is performed.
+<P>
+
+First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
+Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are
+returned.
+When the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+or
+<B>-d</B>
+
+option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell
+variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is used to filter the matches.
+<P>
+
+Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
+<B>-G</B> option are generated next.
+The words generated by the pattern need not match the word
+being completed.
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable is used.
+<P>
+
+Next, the string specified as the argument to the <B>-W</B> option
+is considered.
+The string is first split using the characters in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+special variable as delimiters.
+Shell quoting is honored.
+Each word is then expanded using
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
+as described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXPANSION</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+The results are split using the rules described above under
+<B>Word Splitting</B>.
+The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
+completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
+<P>
+
+After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+specified with the <B>-F</B> and <B>-C</B> options is invoked.
+When the command or function is invoked, the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_LINE</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_POINT</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_KEY</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_TYPE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variables are assigned values as described above under
+<B>Shell Variables</B>.
+If a shell function is being invoked, the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_WORDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMP_CWORD</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variables are also set.
+When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
+name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
+second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
+is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
+is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
+the matches.
+<P>
+
+Any function specified with <B>-F</B> is invoked first.
+The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
+<B>compgen</B> builtin described below, to generate the matches.
+It must put the possible completions in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMPREPLY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+array variable.
+<P>
+
+Next, any command specified with the <B>-C</B> option is invoked
+in an environment equivalent to command substitution.
+It should print a list of completions, one per line, to the
+standard output.
+Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary.
+<P>
+
+After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter
+specified with the <B>-X</B> option is applied to the list.
+The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a <B>&</B>
+in the pattern is replaced with the text of the word being completed.
+A literal <B>&</B> may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash
+is removed before attempting a match.
+Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+A leading <B>!</B> negates the pattern; in this case any completion
+not matching the pattern will be removed.
+<P>
+
+Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the <B>-P</B> and <B>-S</B>
+options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is
+returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible
+completions.
+<P>
+
+If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+<B>-o dirnames</B> option was supplied to <B>complete</B> when the
+compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted.
+<P>
+
+If the <B>-o plusdirs</B> option was supplied to <B>complete</B> when the
+compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any
+matches are added to the results of the other actions.
+<P>
+
+By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+to the completion code as the full set of possible completions.
+The default <B>bash</B> completions are not attempted, and the readline
+default of filename completion is disabled.
+If the <B>-o bashdefault</B> option was supplied to <B>complete</B> when
+the compspec was defined, the <B>bash</B> default completions are attempted
+if the compspec generates no matches.
+If the <B>-o default</B> option was supplied to <B>complete</B> when the
+compspec was defined, readline's default completion will be performed
+if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default <B>bash</B> completions)
+generate no matches.
+<P>
+
+When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+the value of the <B>mark-directories</B> readline variable, regardless
+of the setting of the <B>mark-symlinked-directories</B> readline variable.
+<A NAME="lbCW"> </A>
+<H3>HISTORY</H3>
+
+When the
+<B>-o history</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the
+<I>command history</I>,
+the list of commands previously typed.
+The value of the <B>HISTSIZE</B> variable is used as the
+number of commands to save in a history list.
+The text of the last
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTSIZE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+commands (default 500) is saved. The shell
+stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and
+variable expansion (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXPANSION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
+values of the shell variables
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<P>
+
+On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by
+the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+(default <A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>).
+The file named by the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than
+the number of lines specified by the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+When the history file is read,
+lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately
+by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.
+These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable.
+When an interactive shell exits, the last
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$HISTSIZE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+lines are copied from the history list to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$HISTFILE</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If the
+<B>histappend</B>
+
+shell option is enabled
+(see the description of
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below), the lines are appended to the history file,
+otherwise the history file is overwritten.
+If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
+not saved.
+If the
+<FONT SIZE=-1>
+</FONT>
+variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
+with the history comment character, so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+other history lines.
+After saving the history, the history file is truncated
+to contain no more than
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+lines. If
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not set, no truncation is performed.
+<P>
+
+The builtin command
+<B>fc</B>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of
+the history list.
+The
+<B>history</B>
+
+builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+manipulate the history file.
+When using command-line editing, search commands
+are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+history list.
+<P>
+
+The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+list. The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCONTROL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the
+commands entered.
+The
+<B>cmdhist</B>
+
+shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each
+line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding
+semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness.
+The
+<B>lithist</B>
+
+shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
+instead of semicolons. See the description of the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin below under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
+<A NAME="lbCX"> </A>
+<H3>HISTORY EXPANSION</H3>
+
+<P>
+
+The shell supports a history expansion feature that
+is similar to the history expansion in
+<B>csh.</B>
+
+This section describes what syntax features are available. This
+feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be
+disabled using the
+<B>+H</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion
+by default.
+<P>
+
+History expansions introduce words from the history list into
+the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
+arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
+fix errors in previous commands quickly.
+<P>
+
+History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line
+is read, before the shell breaks it into words.
+It takes place in two parts.
+The first is to determine which line from the history list
+to use during substitution.
+The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into
+the current one.
+The line selected from the history is the <I>event</I>,
+and the portions of that line that are acted upon are <I>words</I>.
+Various <I>modifiers</I> are available to manipulate the selected words.
+The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input,
+so that several <I>metacharacter</I>-separated words surrounded by
+quotes are considered one word.
+History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
+history expansion character, which is <B>!</B> by default.
+Only backslash (<B>\</B>) and single quotes can quote
+the history expansion character.
+<P>
+
+Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately
+following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted:
+space, tab, newline, carriage return, and <B>=</B>.
+If the <B>extglob</B> shell option is enabled, <B>(</B> will also
+inhibit expansion.
+<P>
+
+Several shell options settable with the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion.
+If the
+<B>histverify</B>
+
+shell option is enabled (see the description of the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin), and
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
+the shell parser.
+Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the
+<B>readline</B>
+
+editing buffer for further modification.
+If
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used, and the
+<B>histreedit</B>
+
+shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution will be reloaded
+into the
+<B>readline</B>
+
+editing buffer for correction.
+The
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>history</B>
+
+builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will
+do before using it.
+The
+<B>-s</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>history</B>
+
+builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history list
+without actually executing them, so that they are available for
+subsequent recall.
+<P>
+
+The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
+history expansion mechanism (see the description of
+<B>histchars</B>
+
+above under
+<B>Shell Variables</B>).
+
+The shell uses
+the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
+writing the history file.
+<A NAME="lbCY"> </A>
+<H4>Event Designators</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
+history list.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>!</B>
+
+<DD>
+Start a history substitution, except when followed by a
+<B>blank</B>,
+
+newline, carriage return, =
+or ( (when the <B>extglob</B> shell option is enabled using
+the <B>shopt</B> builtin).
+<DT><B>!</B><I>n</I>
+
+<DD>
+Refer to command line
+<I>n</I>.
+
+<DT><B>!-</B><I>n</I>
+
+<DD>
+Refer to the current command line minus
+<I>n</I>.
+
+<DT><B>!!</B>
+
+<DD>
+Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
+<DT><B>!</B><I>string</I>
+
+<DD>
+Refer to the most recent command starting with
+<I>string</I>.
+
+<DT><B>!?</B><I>string</I><B>[?]</B>
+
+<DD>
+Refer to the most recent command containing
+<I>string</I>.
+
+The trailing <B>?</B> may be omitted if
+<I>string</I>
+
+is followed immediately by a newline.
+<DT><B></B><FONT SIZE=+2><B>^</B></FONT><B></B><I>string1</I><FONT SIZE=+2>^</FONT><I>string2</I><FONT SIZE=+2>^</FONT>
+
+<DD>
+Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing
+<I>string1</I>
+
+with
+<I>string2</I>.
+
+Equivalent to
+``!!:s/<I>string1</I>/<I>string2</I>/''
+(see <B>Modifiers</B> below).
+<DT><B>!#</B>
+
+<DD>
+The entire command line typed so far.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbCZ"> </A>
+<H4>Word Designators</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
+A
+<B>:</B>
+
+separates the event specification from the word designator.
+It may be omitted if the word designator begins with a
+<B>^</B>,
+
+<B>$</B>,
+
+<B>*</B>,
+
+<B>-</B>,
+
+or
+<B>%</B>.
+
+Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
+with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).
+Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>0 (zero)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command
+word.
+<DT><I>n</I>
+
+<DD>
+The <I>n</I>th word.
+<DT><B>^</B>
+
+<DD>
+The first argument. That is, word 1.
+<DT><B>$</B>
+
+<DD>
+The last argument.
+<DT><B>%</B>
+
+<DD>
+The word matched by the most recent `?<I>string</I>?' search.
+<DT><I>x</I><B>-</B>y
+
+<DD>
+A range of words; `-<I>y</I>' abbreviates `0-<I>y</I>'.
+<DT><B>*</B>
+
+<DD>
+All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym
+for `<I>1-$</I>'. It is not an error to use
+<B>*</B>
+
+if there is just one
+word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case.
+<DT><B>x*</B>
+
+<DD>
+Abbreviates <I>x-$</I>.
+<DT><B>x-</B>
+
+<DD>
+Abbreviates <I>x-$</I> like <B>x*</B>, but omits the last word.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+previous command is used as the event.
+<A NAME="lbDA"> </A>
+<H4>Modifiers</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of
+one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
+<P>
+
+
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>h</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
+<DT><B>t</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.
+<DT><B>r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove a trailing suffix of the form <I>.xxx</I>, leaving the
+basename.
+<DT><B>e</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove all but the trailing suffix.
+<DT><B>p</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print the new command but do not execute it.
+<DT><B>q</B>
+
+<DD>
+Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
+<DT><B>x</B>
+
+<DD>
+Quote the substituted words as with
+<B>q</B>,
+
+but break into words at
+<B>blanks</B>
+
+and newlines.
+<DT><B>s/</B><I>old</I>/<I>new</I>/
+
+<DD>
+Substitute
+<I>new</I>
+
+for the first occurrence of
+<I>old</I>
+
+in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The
+final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the
+event line. The delimiter may be quoted in
+<I>old</I>
+
+and
+<I>new</I>
+
+with a single backslash. If & appears in
+<I>new</I>,
+
+it is replaced by
+<I>old</I>.
+
+A single backslash will quote the &. If
+<I>old</I>
+
+is null, it is set to the last
+<I>old</I>
+
+substituted, or, if no previous history substitutions took place,
+the last
+<I>string</I>
+
+in a
+<B>!?</B><I>string</I><B>[?]</B>
+
+search.
+<DT><B>&</B>
+
+<DD>
+Repeat the previous substitution.
+<DT><B>g</B>
+
+<DD>
+Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
+used in conjunction with `<B>:s</B>' (e.g., `<B>:gs/</B><I>old</I>/<I>new</I>/')
+or `<B>:&</B>'. If used with
+`<B>:s</B>', any delimiter can be used
+in place of /, and the final delimiter is optional
+if it is the last character of the event line.
+An <B>a</B> may be used as a synonym for <B>g</B>.
+<DT><B>G</B>
+
+<DD>
+Apply the following `<B>s</B>' modifier once to each word in the event line.
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbDB"> </A>
+<H3>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</H3>
+
+
+
+<P>
+
+Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this
+section as accepting options preceded by
+<B>-</B>
+
+accepts
+<B>--</B>
+
+to signify the end of the options.
+For example, the <B>:</B>, <B>true</B>, <B>false</B>, and <B>test</B> builtins
+do not accept options.
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>:</B> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+
+No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding
+<I>arguments</I>
+
+and performing any specified
+redirections. A zero exit code is returned.
+<DT><B> . </B> <I>filename</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>source</B> <I>filename</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+
+Read and execute commands from
+<I>filename</I>
+
+in the current
+shell environment and return the exit status of the last command
+executed from
+<I>filename</I>.
+
+If
+<I>filename</I>
+
+does not contain a slash, file names in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are used to find the directory containing
+<I>filename</I>.
+
+The file searched for in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+need not be executable.
+When <B>bash</B> is not in <I>posix mode</I>, the current directory is
+searched if no file is found in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If the
+<B>sourcepath</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+builtin command is turned off, the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not searched.
+If any <I>arguments</I> are supplied, they become the positional
+parameters when <I>filename</I> is executed. Otherwise the positional
+parameters are unchanged.
+The return status is the status of the last command exited within
+the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if
+<I>filename</I>
+
+is not found or cannot be read.
+<DT><B>alias</B> [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+<B>Alias</B> with no arguments or with the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option prints the list of aliases in the form
+<B>alias</B> <I>name</I>=<I>value</I> on standard output.
+When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for
+each <I>name</I> whose <I>value</I> is given.
+A trailing space in <I>value</I> causes the next word to be
+checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
+For each <I>name</I> in the argument list for which no <I>value</I>
+is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed.
+<B>Alias</B> returns true unless a <I>name</I> is given for which
+no alias has been defined.
+<DT><B>bg</B> [<I>jobspec</I> ...]<DD>
+Resume each suspended job <I>jobspec</I> in the background, as if it
+had been started with
+<B>&</B>.
+
+If
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is not present, the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
+<B>bg</B>
+
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, any specified <I>jobspec</I> was not found
+or was started without job control.
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] [<B>-lpsvPSV</B>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] [<B>-q</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-r</B> <I>keyseq</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] <B>-f</B> <I>filename</I><DD>
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] <B>-x</B> <I>keyseq</I>:<I>shell-command</I><DD>
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] <I>keyseq</I>:<I>function-name</I><DD>
+<DT><B>bind</B> <I>readline-command</I><DD>
+
+Display current
+<B>readline</B>
+
+key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a
+<B>readline</B>
+
+function or macro, or set a
+<B>readline</B>
+
+variable.
+Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in
+<I>.inputrc</I>,
+
+but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
+e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-m </B><I>keymap</I>
+
+<DD>
+Use
+<I>keymap</I>
+
+as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings.
+Acceptable
+<I>keymap</I>
+
+names are
+<I>emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi,
+vi-move, vi-command</I>, and
+<I>vi-insert</I>.
+
+<I>vi</I> is equivalent to <I>vi-command</I>; <I>emacs</I> is
+equivalent to <I>emacs-standard</I>.
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+List the names of all <B>readline</B> functions.
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display <B>readline</B> function names and bindings in such a way
+that they can be re-read.
+<DT><B>-P</B>
+
+<DD>
+List current <B>readline</B> function names and bindings.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display <B>readline</B> key sequences bound to macros and the strings
+they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
+<DT><B>-S</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display <B>readline</B> key sequences bound to macros and the strings
+they output.
+<DT><B>-v</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display <B>readline</B> variable names and values in such a way that they
+can be re-read.
+<DT><B>-V</B>
+
+<DD>
+List current <B>readline</B> variable names and values.
+<DT><B>-f </B><I>filename</I>
+
+<DD>
+Read key bindings from <I>filename</I>.
+<DT><B>-q </B><I>function</I>
+
+<DD>
+Query about which keys invoke the named <I>function</I>.
+<DT><B>-u </B><I>function</I>
+
+<DD>
+Unbind all keys bound to the named <I>function</I>.
+<DT><B>-r </B><I>keyseq</I>
+
+<DD>
+Remove any current binding for <I>keyseq</I>.
+<DT><B>-x </B><I>keyseq</I>:<I>shell-command</I>
+
+<DD>
+Cause <I>shell-command</I> to be executed whenever <I>keyseq</I> is
+entered.
+When <I>shell-command</I> is executed, the shell sets the
+<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
+
+variable to the contents of the <B>readline</B> line buffer and the
+<B>READLINE_POINT</B>
+
+variable to the current location of the insertion point.
+If the executed command changes the value of
+<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
+
+or
+<B>READLINE_POINT</B>,
+
+those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an
+error occurred.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>break</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
+Exit from within a
+<B>for</B>,
+
+<B>while</B>,
+
+<B>until</B>,
+
+or
+<B>select</B>
+
+loop. If <I>n</I> is specified, break <I>n</I> levels.
+<I>n</I>
+
+must be >= 1. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops
+are exited.
+The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
+<DT><B>builtin</B> <I>shell-builtin</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it
+<I>arguments</I>,
+
+and return its exit status.
+This is useful when defining a
+function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
+retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
+The <B>cd</B> builtin is commonly redefined this way.
+The return status is false if
+<I>shell-builtin</I>
+
+is not a shell builtin command.
+<DT><B>caller</B> [<I>expr</I>]<DD>
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins.
+Without <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B> displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B>
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
+<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L|-P</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
+Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>. The variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is the
+default
+<I>dir</I>.
+
+The variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+defines the search path for the directory containing
+<I>dir</I>.
+
+Alternative directory names in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``<B>.</B>''. If
+<I>dir</I>
+
+begins with a slash (/),
+then
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not used. The
+<B>-P</B>
+
+option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
+following symbolic links (see also the
+<B>-P</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command); the
+<B>-L</B>
+
+option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
+<B>-</B>
+
+is equivalent to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$OLDPWD</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If a non-empty directory name from <B>CDPATH</B> is used, or if
+<B>-</B> is the first argument, and the directory change is
+successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
+written to the standard output.
+The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
+false otherwise.
+<DT><B>command</B> [<B>-pVv</B>] <I>command</I> [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+Run
+<I>command</I>
+
+with
+<I>args</I>
+
+suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin
+commands or commands found in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are executed. If the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is given, the search for
+<I>command</I>
+
+is performed using a default value for
+<B>PATH</B>
+
+that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
+If either the
+<B>-V</B>
+
+or
+<B>-v</B>
+
+option is supplied, a description of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is printed. The
+<B>-v</B>
+
+option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+used to invoke
+<I>command</I>
+
+to be displayed; the
+<B>-V</B>
+
+option produces a more verbose description.
+If the
+<B>-V</B>
+
+or
+<B>-v</B>
+
+option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if
+<I>command</I>
+
+was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and
+an error occurred or
+<I>command</I>
+
+cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the
+<B>command</B>
+
+builtin is the exit status of
+<I>command</I>.
+
+<DT><B>compgen</B> [<I>option</I>] [<I>word</I>]<DD>
+Generate possible completion matches for <I>word</I> according to
+the <I>option</I>s, which may be any option accepted by the
+<B>complete</B>
+
+builtin with the exception of <B>-p</B> and <B>-r</B>, and write
+the matches to the standard output.
+When using the <B>-F</B> or <B>-C</B> options, the various shell variables
+set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not
+have useful values.
+<P>
+The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable
+completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification
+with the same flags.
+If <I>word</I> is specified, only those completions matching <I>word</I>
+will be displayed.
+<P>
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
+matches were generated.
+<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-E</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
+<BR>
+
+[<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>]
+
+<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-E</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+
+Specify how arguments to each <I>name</I> should be completed.
+If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
+existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows
+them to be reused as input.
+The <B>-r</B> option removes a completion specification for
+each <I>name</I>, or, if no <I>name</I>s are supplied, all
+completion specifications.
+The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
+blank line.
+<P>
+The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
+is attempted is described above under <B>Programmable Completion</B>.
+<P>
+Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
+The arguments to the <B>-G</B>, <B>-W</B>, and <B>-X</B> options
+(and, if necessary, the <B>-P</B> and <B>-S</B> options)
+should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the
+<B>complete</B>
+
+builtin is invoked.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I><DD>
+The <I>comp-option</I> controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior
+beyond the simple generation of completions.
+<I>comp-option</I> may be one of:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>bashdefault</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform the rest of the default <B>bash</B> completions if the compspec
+generates no matches.
+<DT><B>default</B>
+
+<DD>
+Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates
+no matches.
+<DT><B>dirnames</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.
+<DT><B>filenames</B>
+
+<DD>
+Tell readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
+filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
+quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
+Intended to be used with shell functions.
+<DT><B>nospace</B>
+
+<DD>
+Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
+the end of the line.
+<DT><B>plusdirs</B>
+
+<DD>
+After any matches defined by the compspec are generated,
+directory name completion is attempted and any
+matches are added to the results of the other actions.
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>-A</B> <I>action</I><DD>
+The <I>action</I> may be one of the following to generate a list of possible
+completions:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>alias</B>
+
+<DD>
+Alias names. May also be specified as <B>-a</B>.
+<DT><B>arrayvar</B>
+
+<DD>
+Array variable names.
+<DT><B>binding</B>
+
+<DD>
+<B>Readline</B> key binding names.
+<DT><B>builtin</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as <B>-b</B>.
+<DT><B>command</B>
+
+<DD>
+Command names. May also be specified as <B>-c</B>.
+<DT><B>directory</B>
+
+<DD>
+Directory names. May also be specified as <B>-d</B>.
+<DT><B>disabled</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of disabled shell builtins.
+<DT><B>enabled</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of enabled shell builtins.
+<DT><B>export</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as <B>-e</B>.
+<DT><B>file</B>
+
+<DD>
+File names. May also be specified as <B>-f</B>.
+<DT><B>function</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of shell functions.
+<DT><B>group</B>
+
+<DD>
+Group names. May also be specified as <B>-g</B>.
+<DT><B>helptopic</B>
+
+<DD>
+Help topics as accepted by the <B>help</B> builtin.
+<DT><B>hostname</B>
+
+<DD>
+Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOSTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+shell variable.
+<DT><B>job</B>
+
+<DD>
+Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as <B>-j</B>.
+<DT><B>keyword</B>
+
+<DD>
+Shell reserved words. May also be specified as <B>-k</B>.
+<DT><B>running</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
+<DT><B>service</B>
+
+<DD>
+Service names. May also be specified as <B>-s</B>.
+<DT><B>setopt</B>
+
+<DD>
+Valid arguments for the <B>-o</B> option to the <B>set</B> builtin.
+<DT><B>shopt</B>
+
+<DD>
+Shell option names as accepted by the <B>shopt</B> builtin.
+<DT><B>signal</B>
+
+<DD>
+Signal names.
+<DT><B>stopped</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
+<DT><B>user</B>
+
+<DD>
+User names. May also be specified as <B>-u</B>.
+<DT><B>variable</B>
+
+<DD>
+Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as <B>-v</B>.
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I><DD>
+The filename expansion pattern <I>globpat</I> is expanded to generate
+the possible completions.
+<DT><B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I><DD>
+The <I>wordlist</I> is split using the characters in the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded.
+The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which
+match the word being completed.
+<DT><B>-C</B> <I>command</I><DD>
+<I>command</I> is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is
+used as the possible completions.
+<DT><B>-F</B> <I>function</I><DD>
+The shell function <I>function</I> is executed in the current shell
+environment.
+When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
+of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMPREPLY</B>
+
+</FONT>
+array variable.
+<DT><B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I><DD>
+<I>filterpat</I> is a pattern as used for filename expansion.
+It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the
+preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching
+<I>filterpat</I> is removed from the list.
+A leading <B>!</B> in <I>filterpat</I> negates the pattern; in this
+case, any completion not matching <I>filterpat</I> is removed.
+<DT><B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I><DD>
+<I>prefix</I> is added at the beginning of each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+<DT><B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I><DD>
+<I>suffix</I> is appended to each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option
+other than <B>-p</B> or <B>-r</B> is supplied without a <I>name</I>
+argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for
+a <I>name</I> for which no specification exists, or
+an error occurs adding a completion specification.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD>
+Modify completion options for each <I>name</I> according to the
+<I>option</I>s, or for the
+currently-execution completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied.
+If no <I>option</I>s are given, display the completion options for each
+<I>name</I> or the current completion.
+The possible values of <I>option</I> are those valid for the <B>complete</B>
+builtin described above.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
+is made to modify the options for a <I>name</I> for which no completion
+specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>continue</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
+Resume the next iteration of the enclosing
+<B>for</B>,
+
+<B>while</B>,
+
+<B>until</B>,
+
+or
+<B>select</B>
+
+loop.
+If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is specified, resume at the <I>n</I>th enclosing loop.
+<I>n</I>
+
+must be >= 1. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
+(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.
+The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
+<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+
+Declare variables and/or give them attributes.
+If no <I>name</I>s are given then display the values of variables.
+The
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option will display the attributes and values of each
+<I>name</I>.
+
+When
+<B>-p</B>
+
+is used with <I>name</I> arguments, additional options are ignored.
+When
+<B>-p</B>
+
+is supplied without <I>name</I> arguments, it will display the attributes
+and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the
+additional options.
+If no other options are supplied with <B>-p</B>, <B>declare</B> will display
+the attributes and values of all shell variables. The <B>-f</B> option
+will restrict the display to shell functions.
+The
+<B>-F</B>
+
+option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the
+function name and attributes are printed.
+If the <B>extdebug</B> shell option is enabled using <B>shopt</B>,
+the source file name and line number where the function is defined
+are displayed as well. The
+<B>-F</B>
+
+option implies
+<B>-f</B>.
+
+The following options can
+be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or
+to give variables attributes:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-a</B>
+
+<DD>
+Each <I>name</I> is an indexed array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+above).
+<DT><B>-A</B>
+
+<DD>
+Each <I>name</I> is an associative array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+above).
+<DT><B>-f</B>
+
+<DD>
+Use function names only.
+<DT><B>-i</B>
+
+<DD>
+The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ) </B>
+
+</FONT>
+is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
+converted to lower-case.
+The upper-case attribute is disabled.
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Make <I>name</I>s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
+by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+<DT><B>-t</B>
+
+<DD>
+Give each <I>name</I> the <I>trace</I> attribute.
+Traced functions inherit the <B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> traps from
+the calling shell.
+The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
+converted to upper-case.
+The lower-case attribute is disabled.
+<DT><B>-x</B>
+
+<DD>
+Mark <I>name</I>s for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Using `+' instead of `-'
+turns off the attribute instead,
+with the exceptions that <B>+a</B>
+may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r will not
+remove the readonly attribute.
+When used in a function,
+makes each
+</B><I>name</I> local, as with the
+<B>local</B>
+
+command.
+If a variable name is followed by =<I>value</I>, the value of
+the variable is set to <I>value</I>.
+The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+an attempt is made to define a function using
+
+<TT>-f foo=bar</TT>,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
+using the compound assignment syntax (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+above), one of the <I>names</I> is not a valid shell variable name,
+an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
+or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with <B>-f</B>.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>dirs [+</B><I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>] [<B>-cplv</B>]
+
+<DD>
+Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
+The default display is on a single line with directory names separated
+by spaces.
+Directories are added to the list with the
+<B>pushd</B>
+
+command; the
+<B>popd</B>
+
+command removes entries from the list.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the left of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
+<DT><B>-</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the right of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
+<DT><B>-c</B>
+
+<DD>
+Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
+tilde to denote the home directory.
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+<DT><B>-v</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print the directory stack with one entry per line,
+prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return value is 0 unless an
+invalid option is supplied or <I>n</I> indexes beyond the end
+of the directory stack.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>disown</B> [<B>-ar</B>] [<B>-h</B>] [<I>jobspec</I> ...]<DD>
+Without options, each
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is removed from the table of active jobs.
+If
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is not present, and neither <B>-a nor -r</B> is supplied,
+the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
+If the <B>-h</B> option is given, each
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is not removed from the table, but is marked so that
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not sent to the job if the shell receives a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If no
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is present, and neither the
+<B>-a</B>
+
+nor the
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option is supplied, the <I>current job</I> is used.
+If no
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is supplied, the
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option means to remove or mark all jobs; the
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option without a
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+argument restricts operation to running jobs.
+The return value is 0 unless a
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+does not specify a valid job.
+<DT><B>echo</B> [<B>-neE</B>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+Output the <I>arg</I>s, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+The return status is always 0.
+If <B>-n</B> is specified, the trailing newline is
+suppressed. If the <B>-e</B> option is given, interpretation of
+the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The
+<B>-E</B>
+
+option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
+even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+The <B>xpg_echo</B> shell option may be used to
+dynamically determine whether or not <B>echo</B> expands these
+escape characters by default.
+<B>echo</B>
+
+does not interpret <B>--</B> to mean the end of options.
+<B>echo</B>
+
+interprets the following escape sequences:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>\a</B>
+
+<DD>
+alert (bell)
+<DT><B>\b</B>
+
+<DD>
+backspace
+<DT><B>\c</B>
+
+<DD>
+suppress further output
+<DT><B>\e</B>
+
+<DD>
+an escape character
+<DT><B>\f</B>
+
+<DD>
+form feed
+<DT><B>\n</B>
+
+<DD>
+new line
+<DT><B>\r</B>
+
+<DD>
+carriage return
+<DT><B>\t</B>
+
+<DD>
+horizontal tab
+<DT><B>\v</B>
+
+<DD>
+vertical tab
+<DT><B>\\</B>
+
+<DD>
+backslash
+<DT><B>\0</B><I>nnn</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <I>nnn</I>
+(zero to three octal digits)
+<DT><B>\x</B><I>HH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
+(one or two hex digits)
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>enable</B> [<B>-a</B>] [<B>-dnps</B>] [<B>-f</B> <I>filename</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
+as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
+even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+If <B>-n</B> is used, each <I>name</I>
+is disabled; otherwise,
+<I>names</I> are enabled. For example, to use the
+<B>test</B>
+
+binary found via the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+instead of the shell builtin version, run
+<TT>enable -n test</TT>.
+
+The
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option means to load the new builtin command
+<I>name</I>
+
+from shared object
+<I>filename</I>,
+
+on systems that support dynamic loading. The
+<B>-d</B>
+
+option will delete a builtin previously loaded with
+<B>-f</B>.
+
+If no <I>name</I> arguments are given, or if the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed.
+With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled
+shell builtins.
+If <B>-n</B> is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed.
+If <B>-a</B> is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
+indication of whether or not each is enabled.
+If <B>-s</B> is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX
+<I>special</I> builtins.
+The return value is 0 unless a
+<I>name</I>
+
+is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin
+from a shared object.
+<DT><B>eval</B> [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+The <I>arg</I>s are read and concatenated together into a single
+command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+its exit status is returned as the value of
+<B>eval</B>.
+
+If there are no
+<I>args</I>,
+
+or only null arguments,
+<B>eval</B>
+
+returns 0.
+<DT><B>exec</B> [<B>-cl</B>] [<B>-a</B> <I>name</I>] [<I>command</I> [<I>arguments</I>]]<DD>
+If
+<I>command</I>
+
+is specified, it replaces the shell.
+No new process is created. The
+<I>arguments</I>
+
+become the arguments to <I>command</I>.
+If the
+<B>-l</B>
+
+option is supplied,
+the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to
+<I>command</I>.
+
+This is what
+<I>login</I>(1)
+
+does. The
+<B>-c</B>
+
+option causes
+<I>command</I>
+
+to be executed with an empty environment. If
+<B>-a</B>
+
+is supplied, the shell passes
+<I>name</I>
+
+as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If
+<I>command</I>
+
+cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+unless the shell option
+<B>execfail</B>
+
+is enabled, in which case it returns failure.
+An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
+If
+<I>command</I>
+
+is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell,
+and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the
+return status is 1.
+<DT><B>exit</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
+Cause the shell to exit
+with a status of <I>n</I>. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is omitted, the exit status
+is that of the last command executed.
+A trap on
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXIT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is executed before the shell terminates.
+<DT><B>export</B> [<B>-fn</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>word</I>]] ...<DD>
+
+<DT><B>export -p</B>
+
+<DD>
+
+The supplied
+<I>names</I>
+
+are marked for automatic export to the environment of
+subsequently executed commands. If the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option is given,
+the
+<I>names</I>
+
+refer to functions.
+If no
+<I>names</I>
+
+are given, or if the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is supplied, a list
+of all names that are exported in this shell is printed.
+The
+<B>-n</B>
+
+option causes the export property to be removed from each
+<I>name</I>.
+If a variable name is followed by =<I>word</I>, the value of
+the variable is set to <I>word</I>.
+<B>export</B>
+
+returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is
+encountered,
+one of the <I>names</I> is not a valid shell variable name, or
+<B>-f</B>
+
+is supplied with a
+<I>name</I>
+
+that is not a function.
+<DT><B>fc</B> [<B>-e</B> <I>ename</I>] [<B>-lnr</B>] [<I>first</I>] [<I>last</I>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>fc</B> <B>-s</B> [<I>pat</I>=<I>rep</I>] [<I>cmd</I>]<DD>
+
+Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from
+<I>first</I>
+
+to
+<I>last</I>
+
+is selected from the history list.
+<I>First</I>
+
+and
+<I>last</I>
+
+may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list,
+where a negative number is used as an offset from the current
+command number). If
+<I>last</I>
+
+is not specified it is set to
+the current command for listing (so that
+
+<TT>fc -l -10</TT>
+prints the last 10 commands) and to
+<I>first</I>
+
+otherwise.
+If
+<I>first</I>
+
+is not specified it is set to the previous
+command for editing and -16 for listing.
+<P>
+The
+<B>-n</B>
+
+option suppresses
+the command numbers when listing. The
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option reverses the order of
+the commands. If the
+<B>-l</B>
+
+option is given,
+the commands are listed on
+standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by
+<I>ename</I>
+
+is invoked
+on a file containing those commands. If
+<I>ename</I>
+
+is not given, the
+value of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FCEDIT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable is used, and
+the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EDITOR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+if
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FCEDIT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is not set. If neither variable is set,
+
+<I>vi</I>
+
+is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are
+echoed and executed.
+<P>
+In the second form, <I>command</I> is re-executed after each instance
+of <I>pat</I> is replaced by <I>rep</I>.
+A useful alias to use with this is
+
+<TT>r='fc -s'</TT>,
+so that typing
+
+<TT>r cc</TT>
+runs the last command beginning with
+
+<TT>cc</TT>
+and typing
+
+<TT>r</TT>
+re-executes the last command.
+<P>
+If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid
+option is encountered or
+<I>first</I>
+
+or
+<I>last</I>
+
+specify history lines out of range.
+If the
+<B>-e</B>
+
+option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last
+command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary
+file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status
+is that of the command re-executed, unless
+<I>cmd</I>
+
+does not specify a valid history line, in which case
+<B>fc</B>
+
+returns failure.
+<DT><B>fg</B> [<I>jobspec</I>]<DD>
+Resume
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+If
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is not present, the shell's notion of the <I>current job</I> is used.
+The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground,
+or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, if
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+does not specify a valid job or
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+specifies a job that was started without job control.
+<DT><B>getopts</B> <I>optstring</I> <I>name</I> [<I>args</I>]<DD>
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.
+<I>optstring</I>
+
+contains the option characters to be recognized; if a character
+is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
+argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+The colon and question mark characters may not be used as
+option characters.
+Each time it is invoked,
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+places the next option in the shell variable
+<I>name</I>,
+
+initializing
+<I>name</I>
+
+if it does not exist,
+and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
+variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTIND</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTIND</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
+is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+places that argument into the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTARG</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+The shell does not reset
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTIND</B>
+
+</FONT>
+automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple
+calls to
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters
+is to be used.
+<P>
+When the end of options is encountered, <B>getopts</B> exits with a
+return value greater than zero.
+<B>OPTIND</B> is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
+and <B>name</B> is set to ?.
+<P>
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
+given in
+<I>args</I>,
+
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+parses those instead.
+<P>
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
+<I>optstring</I>
+
+is a colon,
+<I>silent</I>
+
+error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
+encountered.
+If the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTERR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
+character of
+<I>optstring</I>
+
+is not a colon.
+<P>
+If an invalid option is seen,
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+places ? into
+<I>name</I>
+
+and, if not silent,
+prints an error message and unsets
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTARG</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+is silent,
+the option character found is placed in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTARG</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and no diagnostic message is printed.
+<P>
+If a required argument is not found, and
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+is not silent,
+a question mark (<B>?</B>) is placed in
+<I>name</I>,
+
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTARG</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
+If
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+is silent, then a colon (<B>:</B>) is placed in
+<I>name</I>
+
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>OPTARG</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is set to the option character found.
+<P>
+<B>getopts</B>
+
+returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found.
+It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an
+error occurs.
+<DT><B>hash</B> [<B>-lr</B>] [<B>-p</B> <I>filename</I>] [<B>-dt</B>] [<I>name</I>]<DD>
+For each
+<I>name</I>,
+
+the full file name of the command is determined by searching
+the directories in
+<B>$PATH</B>
+
+and remembered.
+If the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is supplied, no path search is performed, and
+<I>filename</I>
+
+is used as the full file name of the command.
+The
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option causes the shell to forget all
+remembered locations.
+The
+<B>-d</B>
+
+option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each <I>name</I>.
+If the
+<B>-t</B>
+
+option is supplied, the full pathname to which each <I>name</I> corresponds
+is printed. If multiple <I>name</I> arguments are supplied with <B>-t</B>,
+the <I>name</I> is printed before the hashed full pathname.
+The
+<B>-l</B>
+
+option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+If no arguments are given, or if only <B>-l</B> is supplied,
+information about remembered commands is printed.
+The return status is true unless a
+<I>name</I>
+
+is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
+<DT><B>help</B> [<B>-dms</B>] [<I>pattern</I>]<DD>
+Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
+<I>pattern</I>
+
+is specified,
+<B>help</B>
+
+gives detailed help on all commands matching
+<I>pattern</I>;
+
+otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
+is printed.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-d</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display a short description of each <I>pattern</I>
+<DT><B> -m</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display the description of each <I>pattern</I> in a manpage-like format
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display only a short usage synopsis for each <I>pattern</I>
+
+</DL></DL>
+
+The return status is 0 unless no command matches
+<I>pattern</I>.
+
+<DT><B>history [</B><I>n</I>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>history</B> <B>-c</B><DD>
+<DT><B>history -d</B> <I>offset</I><DD>
+<DT><B>history</B> <B>-anrw</B> [<I>filename</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>history</B> <B>-p</B> <I>arg</I> [<I>arg ...</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>history</B> <B>-s</B> <I>arg</I> [<I>arg ...</I>]<DD>
+
+With no options, display the command
+history list with line numbers. Lines listed
+with a
+<B>*</B>
+
+have been modified. An argument of
+<I>n</I>
+
+lists only the last
+<I>n</I>
+
+lines.
+If the shell variable <B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B> is set and not null,
+it is used as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3) to display
+the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
+No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
+and the history line.
+If <I>filename</I> is supplied, it is used as the
+name of the history file; if not, the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-c</B>
+
+<DD>
+Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
+<DT><B>-d</B> <I>offset</I><DD>
+Delete the history entry at position <I>offset</I>.
+<DT><B>-a</B>
+
+<DD>
+Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the
+beginning of the current <B>bash</B> session) to the history file.
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read the history lines not already read from the history
+file into the current history list. These are lines
+appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+current <B>bash</B> session.
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read the contents of the history file
+and use them as the current history.
+<DT><B>-w</B>
+
+<DD>
+Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the
+history file's contents.
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+Perform history substitution on the following <I>args</I> and display
+the result on the standard output.
+Does not store the results in the history list.
+Each <I>arg</I> must be quoted to disable normal history expansion.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Store the
+<I>args</I>
+
+in the history list as a single entry. The last command in the
+history list is removed before the
+<I>args</I>
+
+are added.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If the <B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B> is set, the time stamp information
+associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+marked with the history comment character.
+When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
+comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted
+as timestamps for the previous history line.
+The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
+error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
+<I>offset</I> is supplied as an argument to <B>-d</B>, or the
+history expansion supplied as an argument to <B>-p</B> fails.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>jobs</B> [<B>-lnprs</B>] [ <I>jobspec</I> ... ]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>jobs</B> <B>-x</B> <I>command</I> [ <I>args</I> ... ]<DD>
+
+The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the following
+meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+List process IDs
+in addition to the normal information.
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+List only the process ID of the job's process group
+leader.
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
+the user was last notified of their status.
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Restrict output to running jobs.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is given, output is restricted to information about that job.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered
+or an invalid
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+is supplied.
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>-x</B>
+
+option is supplied,
+<B>jobs</B>
+
+replaces any
+<I>jobspec</I>
+
+found in
+<I>command</I>
+
+or
+<I>args</I>
+
+with the corresponding process group ID, and executes
+<I>command</I>
+
+passing it
+<I>args</I>,
+
+returning its exit status.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>kill</B> [<B>-s</B> <I>sigspec</I> | <B>-n</B> <I>signum</I> | <B>-</B><I>sigspec</I>] [<I>pid</I> | <I>jobspec</I>] ...<DD>
+
+<DT><B>kill</B> <B>-l</B> [<I>sigspec</I> | <I>exit_status</I>]<DD>
+
+Send the signal named by
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+or
+<I>signum</I>
+
+to the processes named by
+<I>pid</I>
+
+or
+<I>jobspec</I>.
+
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGKILL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+(with or without the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIG</B>
+
+</FONT>
+prefix) or a signal number;
+<I>signum</I>
+
+is a signal number.
+If
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is not present, then
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGTERM</B>
+
+</FONT>
+is assumed.
+An argument of
+<B>-l</B>
+
+lists the signal names.
+If any arguments are supplied when
+<B>-l</B>
+
+is given, the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+listed, and the return status is 0.
+The <I>exit_status</I> argument to
+<B>-l</B>
+
+is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of
+a process terminated by a signal.
+<B>kill</B>
+
+returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false
+if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+<DT><B>let</B> <I>arg</I> [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+Each
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</B>).
+
+</FONT>
+If the last
+<I>arg</I>
+
+evaluates to 0,
+<B>let</B>
+
+returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
+<DT><B>local</B> [<I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+For each argument, a local variable named
+<I>name </I>
+
+is created, and assigned
+<I>value</I>.
+
+The <I>option</I> can be any of the options accepted by <B>declare</B>.
+When
+<B>local</B>
+
+is used within a function, it causes the variable
+<I>name</I>
+
+to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children.
+With no operands,
+<B>local</B>
+
+writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is
+an error to use
+<B>local</B>
+
+when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
+<B>local</B>
+
+is used outside a function, an invalid
+<I>name</I>
+
+is supplied, or
+<I>name</I> is a readonly variable.
+<DT><B>logout</B>
+
+<DD>
+Exit a login shell.
+<DT><B>mapfile</B> [<B>-n</B> <I>count</I>] [<B>-O</B> <I>origin</I>] [<B>-s</B> <I>count</I>] [<B>-t</B>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>callback</I>] [<B>-c</B> <I>quantum</I>] [<I>array</I>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>readarray</B> [<B>-n</B> <I>count</I>] [<B>-O</B> <I>origin</I>] [<B>-s</B> <I>count</I>] [<B>-t</B>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>callback</I>] [<B>-c</B> <I>quantum</I>] [<I>array</I>]<DD>
+
+Read lines from the standard input into array variable
+<I>array</I>,
+
+or from file descriptor
+<I>fd</I>
+
+if the
+<B>-u</B>
+
+option is supplied.
+The variable <B>MAPFILE</B> is the default <I>array</I>.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Copy at most
+<I>count</I>
+
+lines. If <I>count</I> is 0, all lines are copied.
+<DT><B>-O</B>
+
+<DD>
+Begin assigning to
+<I>array</I>
+
+at index
+<I>origin</I>.
+
+The default index is 0.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Discard the first <I>count</I> lines read.
+<DT><B>-t</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read lines from file descriptor <I>fd</I> instead of the standard input.
+<DT><B>-C</B>
+
+<DD>
+Evaluate
+<I>callback</I>
+
+each time <I>quantum</I> lines are read. The <B>-c</B> option specifies
+<I>quantum</I>.
+
+<DT><B>-c</B>
+
+<DD>
+Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+<I>callback</I>.
+
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If
+<B>-C</B>
+
+is specified without
+<B>-c</B>,
+
+the default quantum is 5000.
+When <I>callback</I> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+<I>callback</I> is evaluated after the line is read but before the
+array element is assigned.
+<P>
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, <B>mapfile</B> will clear <I>array</I>
+before assigning to it.
+<P>
+
+<B>mapfile</B> returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+argument is supplied, or <I>array</I> is invalid or unassignable.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>popd</B> [-<B>n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD>
+Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a
+<B>cd</B>
+
+to the new top directory.
+Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Removes the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the left of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>,
+
+starting with zero. For example:
+
+<TT>popd +0</TT>
+removes the first directory,
+
+<TT>popd +1</TT>
+the second.
+<DT><B>-</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Removes the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the right of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>,
+
+starting with zero. For example:
+
+<TT>popd -0</TT>
+removes the last directory,
+
+<TT>popd -1</TT>
+the next to last.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>popd</B>
+
+command is successful, a
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+is performed as well, and the return status is 0.
+<B>popd</B>
+
+returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack
+is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the
+directory change fails.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>printf</B> [<B>-v</B> <I>var</I>] <I>format</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+Write the formatted <I>arguments</I> to the standard output under the
+control of the <I>format</I>.
+The <I>format</I> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
+plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
+escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
+format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
+<I>argument</I>.
+In addition to the standard <I>printf</I>(1) formats, <B>%b</B> causes
+<B>printf</B> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
+<I>argument</I> (except that <B>\c</B> terminates output, backslashes in
+<B>\aq</B>, <B>\"</B>, and <B>\?</B> are not removed, and octal escapes
+beginning with <B>\0</B> may contain up to four digits),
+and <B>%q</B> causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding
+<I>argument</I> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+<P>
+The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+<P>
+The <I>format</I> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <I>arguments</I>.
+If the <I>format</I> requires more <I>arguments</I> than are supplied, the
+extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
+appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
+non-zero on failure.
+<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
+
+Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
+and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
+to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Rotates the stack so that the <I>n</I>th directory
+(counting from the left of the list shown by
+<B>dirs</B>,
+
+starting with zero)
+is at the top.
+<DT><B>-</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Rotates the stack so that the <I>n</I>th directory
+(counting from the right of the list shown by
+<B>dirs</B>,
+
+starting with zero) is at the top.
+<DT><I>dir</I>
+
+<DD>
+Adds
+<I>dir</I>
+
+to the directory stack at the top, making it the
+new current working directory.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If the
+<B>pushd</B>
+
+command is successful, a
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+is performed as well.
+If the first form is used,
+<B>pushd</B>
+
+returns 0 unless the cd to
+<I>dir</I>
+
+fails. With the second form,
+<B>pushd</B>
+
+returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty,
+a non-existent directory stack element is specified,
+or the directory change to the specified new current directory
+fails.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>pwd</B> [<B>-LP</B>]<DD>
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the
+<B>-P</B>
+
+option is supplied or the
+<B>-o physical</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin command is enabled.
+If the
+<B>-L</B>
+
+option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.
+The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
+reading the name of the current directory or an
+invalid option is supplied.
+<DT><B>read</B> [<B>-ers</B>] [<B>-a</B> <I>aname</I>] [<B>-d</B> <I>delim</I>] [<B>-</B> <I>text</I>] [<B>-n</B> <I>nchars</I>] [<B>-p</B> <I>prompt</I>] [<B>-t</B> <I>timeout</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+<I>fd</I> supplied as an argument to the <B>-u</B> option, and the first word
+is assigned to the first
+<I>name</I>,
+
+the second word to the second
+<I>name</I>,
+
+and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+to the last
+<I>name</I>.
+
+If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
+the remaining names are assigned empty values.
+The characters in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>IFS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are used to split the line into words.
+The backslash character (<B>\</B>) may be used to remove any special
+meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-a </B><I>aname</I>
+
+<DD>
+The words are assigned to sequential indices
+of the array variable
+<I>aname</I>,
+
+starting at 0.
+<I>aname</I>
+
+is unset before any new values are assigned.
+Other <I>name</I> arguments are ignored.
+<DT><B>-d </B><I>delim</I>
+
+<DD>
+The first character of <I>delim</I> is used to terminate the input line,
+rather than newline.
+<DT><B>-e</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the standard input
+is coming from a terminal,
+<B>readline</B>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above) is used to obtain the line.
+Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
+active) editing settings.
+<DT><B>-i </B><I>text</I>
+
+<DD>
+If
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used to read the line, <I>text</I> is placed into the editing
+buffer before editing begins.
+<DT><B>-n </B><I>nchars</I>
+
+<DD>
+<B>read</B> returns after reading <I>nchars</I> characters rather than
+waiting for a complete line of input.
+<DT><B>-p </B><I>prompt</I>
+
+<DD>
+Display <I>prompt</I> on standard error, without a
+trailing newline, before attempting to read any input. The prompt
+is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Backslash does not act as an escape character.
+The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
+In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+continuation.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
+not echoed.
+<DT><B>-t </B><I>timeout</I>
+
+<DD>
+Cause <B>read</B> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
+input is not read within <I>timeout</I> seconds.
+<I>timeout</I> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+the decimal point.
+This option is only effective if <B>read</B> is reading input from a
+terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
+from regular files.
+If <I>timeout</I> is 0, <B>read</B> returns success if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise.
+The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+<DT><B>-u </B><I>fd</I>
+
+<DD>
+Read input from file descriptor <I>fd</I>.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If no
+<I>names</I>
+
+are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REPLY</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <B>read</B>
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
+invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <B>-u</B>.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>readonly</B> [<B>-aApf</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>word</I>] ...]<DD>
+
+The given
+<I>names</I> are marked readonly; the values of these
+<I>names</I>
+
+may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
+If the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the
+<I>names</I> are so
+marked.
+The
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the
+<B>-A</B>
+
+option restricts the variables to associative arrays.
+If no
+<I>name</I>
+
+arguments are given, or if the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option causes output to be displayed in a format that
+may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =<I>word</I>, the value of
+the variable is set to <I>word</I>.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+one of the
+<I>names</I>
+
+is not a valid shell variable name, or
+<B>-f</B>
+
+is supplied with a
+<I>name</I>
+
+that is not a function.
+<DT><B>return</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
+Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by
+<I>n</I>.
+
+If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+executed in the function body. If used outside a function,
+but during execution of a script by the
+<B>.</B>
+
+(<B>source</B>) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+that script and return either
+<I>n</I>
+
+or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+function and not during execution of a script by <B>.</B>,
+the return status is false.
+Any command associated with the <B>RETURN</B> trap is executed
+before execution resumes after the function or script.
+<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+
+<DT><B>set</B> [<B>+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
+
+Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed
+in a format that can be reused as input
+for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
+Read-only variables cannot be reset.
+In <I>posix mode</I>, only shell variables are listed.
+The output is sorted according to the current locale.
+When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
+Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated
+as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
+<B>$1</B>,
+
+<B>$2</B>,
+
+<B>...</B>
+
+<B>$</B><I>n</I>.
+
+Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-a</B>
+
+<DD>
+Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or
+created for export to the environment of subsequent commands.
+<DT><B>-b</B>
+
+<DD>
+Report the status of terminated background jobs
+immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is
+effective only when job control is enabled.
+<DT><B>-e</B>
+
+<DD>
+Exit immediately if a <I>simple command</I> (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above) exits with a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the
+command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
+<B>while</B>
+
+or
+<B>until</B>
+
+keyword,
+part of the test in an
+<B>if</B>
+
+statement, part of a command executed in a
+<B>&&</B>
+
+or
+<B>||</B>
+
+list,
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
+or if the command's return value is
+being inverted via
+<B>!</B>.
+
+Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
+enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+cause the shell to exit.
+A trap on <B>ERR</B>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+<DT><B>-f</B>
+
+<DD>
+Disable pathname expansion.
+<DT><B>-h</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution.
+This is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>-k</B>
+
+<DD>
+All arguments in the form of assignment statements
+are placed in the environment for a command, not just
+those that precede the command name.
+<DT><B>-m</B>
+
+<DD>
+Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is on
+by default for interactive shells on systems that support
+it (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>JOB CONTROL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above). Background processes run in a separate process
+group and a line containing their exit status is printed
+upon their completion.
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to
+check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by
+interactive shells.
+<DT><B>-o </B><I>option-name</I>
+
+<DD>
+The <I>option-name</I> can be one of the following:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>allexport</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-a</B>.
+
+<DT><B>braceexpand</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-B</B>.
+
+<DT><B>emacs</B>
+
+<DD>
+Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled
+by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started
+with the
+<B>--noediting</B>
+
+option.
+This also affects the editing interface used for <B>read -e</B>.
+<DT><B>errtrace</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-E</B>.
+
+<DT><B>functrace</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-T</B>.
+
+<DT><B>errexit</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-e</B>.
+
+<DT><B>hashall</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-h</B>.
+
+<DT><B>histexpand</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-H</B>.
+
+<DT><B>history</B>
+
+<DD>
+Enable command history, as described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+This option is on by default in interactive shells.
+<DT><B>ignoreeof</B>
+
+<DD>
+The effect is as if the shell command
+<TT>IGNOREEOF=10</TT>
+
+had been executed
+(see
+<B>Shell Variables</B>
+
+above).
+<DT><B>keyword</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-k</B>.
+
+<DT><B>monitor</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-m</B>.
+
+<DT><B>noclobber</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-C</B>.
+
+<DT><B>noexec</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-n</B>.
+
+<DT><B>noglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-f</B>.
+
+<DT><B>nolog</B>
+
+<DD>
+Currently ignored.
+<DT><B>notify</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-b</B>.
+
+<DT><B>nounset</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-u</B>.
+
+<DT><B>onecmd</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-t</B>.
+
+<DT><B>physical</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-P</B>.
+
+<DT><B>pipefail</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
+(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
+commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
+This option is disabled by default.
+<DT><B>posix</B>
+
+<DD>
+Change the behavior of
+<B>bash</B>
+
+where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard (<I>posix mode</I>).
+<DT><B>privileged</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-p</B>.
+
+<DT><B>verbose</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-v</B>.
+
+<DT><B>vi</B>
+
+<DD>
+Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+This also affects the editing interface used for <B>read -e</B>.
+<DT><B>xtrace</B>
+
+<DD>
+Same as
+<B>-x</B>.
+
+<P>
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If
+<B>-o</B>
+
+is supplied with no <I>option-name</I>, the values of the current options are
+printed.
+If
+<B>+o</B>
+
+is supplied with no <I>option-name</I>, a series of
+<B>set</B>
+
+commands to recreate the current option settings is displayed on
+the standard output.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+Turn on
+<I>privileged</I>
+
+mode. In this mode, the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$ENV</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$BASH_ENV</B>
+
+</FONT>
+files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the
+environment, and the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELLOPTS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<B>CDPATH</B>,
+
+and
+<B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
+
+variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the <B>-p</B> option is not supplied, these actions
+are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+not reset.
+Turning this option off causes the effective user
+and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+<DT><B>-t</B>
+
+<DD>
+Exit after reading and executing one command.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+Treat unset variables as an error when performing
+parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and,
+if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
+<DT><B>-v</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print shell input lines as they are read.
+<DT><B>-x</B>
+
+<DD>
+After expanding each <I>simple command</I>,
+<B>for</B> command, <B>case</B> command, <B>select</B> command, or
+arithmetic <B>for</B> command, display the expanded value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PS4</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+followed by the command and its expanded arguments
+or associated word list.
+<DT><B>-B</B>
+
+<DD>
+The shell performs brace expansion (see
+<B>Brace Expansion</B>
+
+above). This is on by default.
+<DT><B>-C</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+does not overwrite an existing file with the
+<B>></B>,
+
+<B>>&</B>,
+
+and
+<B><></B>
+
+redirection operators. This may be overridden when
+creating output files by using the redirection operator
+<B>>|</B>
+
+instead of
+<B>></B>.
+
+<DT><B>-E</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, any trap on <B>ERR</B> is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The <B>ERR</B> trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+<DT><B>-H</B>
+
+<DD>
+Enable
+<B>!</B>
+
+style history substitution. This option is on by
+default when the shell is interactive.
+<DT><B>-P</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing
+commands such as
+<B>cd</B>
+
+that change the current working directory. It uses the
+physical directory structure instead. By default,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands
+which change the current directory.
+<DT><B>-T</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, any traps on <B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> are inherited by shell
+functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a
+subshell environment.
+The <B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> traps are normally not inherited
+in such cases.
+<DT><B>--</B>
+
+<DD>
+If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
+unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
+<I>arg</I>s, even if some of them begin with a
+<B>-</B>.
+
+<DT><B>-</B>
+
+<DD>
+Signal the end of options, cause all remaining <I>arg</I>s to be
+assigned to the positional parameters. The
+<B>-x</B>
+
+and
+<B>-v</B>
+
+options are turned off.
+If there are no <I>arg</I>s,
+the positional parameters remain unchanged.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The options are off by default unless otherwise noted.
+Using + rather than - causes these options to be turned off.
+The options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+the shell.
+The current set of options may be found in
+<B>$-</B>.
+
+The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encountered.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>shift</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
+The positional parameters from <I>n</I>+1 ... are renamed to
+<B>$1</B>
+
+<B>....</B>
+
+Parameters represented by the numbers <B>$#</B>
+down to <B>$#</B>-<I>n</I>+1 are unset.
+<I>n</I>
+
+must be a non-negative number less than or equal to <B>$#</B>.
+If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is 0, no parameters are changed.
+If
+<I>n </I>
+
+is not given, it is assumed to be 1.
+If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is greater than <B>$#</B>, the positional parameters are not changed.
+The return status is greater than zero if
+<I>n</I>
+
+is greater than
+<B>$#</B>
+
+or less than zero; otherwise 0.
+<DT><B>shopt</B> [<B>-pqsu</B>] [<B>-o</B>] [<I>optname</I> ...]<DD>
+Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+With no options, or with the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with
+an indication of whether or not each is set.
+The <B>-p</B> option causes output to be displayed in a form that
+may be reused as input.
+Other options have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Enable (set) each <I>optname</I>.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+Disable (unset) each <I>optname</I>.
+<DT><B>-q</B>
+
+<DD>
+Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates
+whether the <I>optname</I> is set or unset.
+If multiple <I>optname</I> arguments are given with
+<B>-q</B>,
+
+the return status is zero if all <I>optnames</I> are enabled; non-zero
+otherwise.
+<DT><B>-o</B>
+
+<DD>
+Restricts the values of <I>optname</I> to be those defined for the
+<B>-o</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>set</B>
+
+builtin.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If either
+<B>-s</B>
+
+or
+<B>-u</B>
+
+is used with no <I>optname</I> arguments, the display is limited to
+those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+Unless otherwise noted, the <B>shopt</B> options are disabled (unset)
+by default.
+<P>
+
+The return status when listing options is zero if all <I>optnames</I>
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
+the return status is zero unless an <I>optname</I> is not a valid shell
+option.
+<P>
+
+The list of <B>shopt</B> options is:
+<P>
+
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>autocd</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
+it were the argument to the <B>cd</B> command.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+<DT><B>cdable_vars</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, an argument to the
+<B>cd</B>
+
+builtin command that
+is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
+value is the directory to change to.
+<DT><B>cdspell</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
+<B>cd</B>
+
+command will be corrected.
+The errors checked for are transposed characters,
+a missing character, and one character too many.
+If a correction is found, the corrected file name is printed,
+and the command proceeds.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+<DT><B>checkhash</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>bash</B> checks that a command found in the hash
+table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
+longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
+<DT><B>checkjobs</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>bash</B> lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
+exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
+the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
+intervening command (see <B>JOB CONTROL</B> above). The shell always
+postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
+<DT><B>checkwinsize</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>bash</B> checks the window size after each command
+and, if necessary, updates the values of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LINES</B>
+
+</FONT>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COLUMNS</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<DT><B>cmdhist</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
+command in the same history entry. This allows
+easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+<DT><B>compat31</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
+arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
+<DT><B>dirspell</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
+if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
+<DT><B>dotglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname
+expansion.
+<DT><B>execfail</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
+it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the
+<B>exec</B>
+
+builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if
+<B>exec</B>
+
+fails.
+<DT><B>expand_aliases</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ALIASES</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
+<DT><B>extdebug</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>1.</B>
+
+<DD>
+The <B>-F</B> option to the <B>declare</B> builtin displays the source
+file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied
+as an argument.
+<DT><B>2.</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the command run by the <B>DEBUG</B> trap returns a non-zero value, the
+next command is skipped and not executed.
+<DT><B>3.</B>
+
+<DD>
+If the command run by the <B>DEBUG</B> trap returns a value of 2, and the
+shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
+executed by the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins), a call to
+<B>return</B> is simulated.
+<DT><B>4.</B>
+
+<DD>
+<B>BASH_ARGC</B> and <B>BASH_ARGV</B> are updated as described in their
+descriptions above.
+<DT><B>5.</B>
+
+<DD>
+Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with <B>(</B> <I>command</I> <B>)</B> inherit the
+<B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> traps.
+<DT><B>6.</B>
+
+<DD>
+Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with <B>(</B> <I>command</I> <B>)</B> inherit the
+<B>ERROR</B> trap.
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>extglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under
+<B>Pathname Expansion</B> are enabled.
+<DT><B>extquote</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>$</B>aq<I>string</I>aq and <B>$</B>"<I>string</I>" quoting is
+performed within <B>${</B><I>parameter</I><B>}</B> expansions
+enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>failglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
+result in an expansion error.
+<DT><B>force_fignore</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the suffixes specified by the <B>FIGNORE</B> shell variable
+cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
+the ignored words are the only possible completions.
+See
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL VARIABLES</B></FONT>
+above for a description of <B>FIGNORE</B>.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>globstar</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the pattern <B>**</B> used in a filename expansion context will
+match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+If the pattern is followed by a <B>/</B>, only directories and
+subdirectories match.
+<DT><B>gnu_errfmt</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error
+message format.
+<DT><B>histappend</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
+of the
+<B>HISTFILE</B>
+
+variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+<DT><B>histreedit</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
+failed history substitution.
+<DT><B>histverify</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
+passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
+the <B>readline</B> editing buffer, allowing further modification.
+<DT><B>hostcomplete</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used, <B>bash</B> will attempt to perform hostname completion when a
+word containing a <B>@</B> is being completed (see
+<B>Completing</B>
+
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above).
+This is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>huponexit</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, <B>bash</B> will send
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGHUP</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
+<DT><B>interactive_comments</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, allow a word beginning with
+<B>#</B>
+
+to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
+line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMMENTS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above). This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>lithist</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and the
+<B>cmdhist</B>
+
+option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
+embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+<DT><B>login_shell</B>
+
+<DD>
+The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INVOCATION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above).
+The value may not be changed.
+<DT><B>mailwarn</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and a file that <B>bash</B> is checking for mail has been
+accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in
+<I>mailfile</I> has been read'' is displayed.
+<DT><B>no_empty_cmd_completion</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and
+<B>readline</B>
+
+is being used,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+will not attempt to search the <B>PATH</B> for possible completions when
+completion is attempted on an empty line.
+<DT><B>nocaseglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname
+expansion (see
+<B>Pathname Expansion</B>
+
+above).
+<DT><B>nocasematch</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching
+while executing <B>case</B> or <B>[[</B> conditional commands.
+<DT><B>nullglob</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+allows patterns which match no
+files (see
+<B>Pathname Expansion</B>
+
+above)
+to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
+<DT><B>progcomp</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the programmable completion facilities (see
+<B>Programmable Completion</B> above) are enabled.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>promptvars</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, prompt strings undergo
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PROMPTING</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above. This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>restricted_shell</B>
+
+<DD>
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RESTRICTED SHELL</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The value may not be changed.
+This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
+the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+<DT><B>shift_verbose</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the
+<B>shift</B>
+
+builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
+number of positional parameters.
+<DT><B>sourcepath</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the
+<B>source</B> (<B>.</B>) builtin uses the value of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>xpg_echo</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the <B>echo</B> builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
+by default.
+</DL></DL>
+
+<DT><B>suspend</B> [<B>-f</B>]<DD>
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGCONT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
+The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and
+<B>-f</B>
+
+is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.
+<DT><B>test</B> <I>expr</I><DD>
+
+<DT><B>[</B> <I>expr</I> <B>]</B><DD>
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on
+the evaluation of the conditional expression
+<I>expr</I>.
+
+Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described above under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+<B>test</B> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+an argument of <B>--</B> as signifying the end of options.
+<P>
+
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence.
+The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>! </B><I>expr</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if
+<I>expr</I>
+
+is false.
+<DT><B>( </B><I>expr</I> )
+
+<DD>
+Returns the value of <I>expr</I>.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+<DT><I>expr1</I> -<B>a</B> <I>expr2</I><DD>
+True if both
+<I>expr1</I>
+
+and
+<I>expr2</I>
+
+are true.
+<DT><I>expr1</I> -<B>o</B> <I>expr2</I><DD>
+True if either
+<I>expr1</I>
+
+or
+<I>expr2</I>
+
+is true.
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<B>test</B> and <B>[</B> evaluate conditional
+expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
+<P>
+
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>0 arguments<DD>
+The expression is false.
+<DT>1 argument<DD>
+The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
+<DT>2 arguments<DD>
+If the first argument is <B>!</B>, the expression is true if and
+only if the second argument is null.
+If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed above
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the expression is true if the unary test is true.
+If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression
+is false.
+<DT>3 arguments<DD>
+If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above
+under
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using
+the first and third arguments as operands.
+The <B>-a</B> and <B>-o</B> operators are considered binary operators
+when there are three arguments.
+If the first argument is <B>!</B>, the value is the negation of
+the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+If the first argument is exactly <B>(</B> and the third argument is
+exactly <B>)</B>, the result is the one-argument test of the second
+argument.
+Otherwise, the expression is false.
+<DT>4 arguments<DD>
+If the first argument is <B>!</B>, the result is the negation of
+the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
+Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+precedence using the rules listed above.
+<DT>5 or more arguments<DD>
+The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
+using the rules listed above.
+</DL></DL>
+
+
+<DT><B>times</B>
+
+<DD>
+Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
+<DT><B>trap</B> [<B>-lp</B>] [[<I>arg</I>] <I>sigspec</I> ...]<DD>
+The command
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is to be read and executed when the shell receives
+signal(s)
+<I>sigspec</I>.
+
+If
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is absent (and there is a single <I>sigspec</I>) or
+<B>-</B>,
+
+each specified signal is
+reset to its original disposition (the value it had
+upon entrance to the shell).
+If
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is the null string the signal specified by each
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+If
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is not present and
+<B>-p</B>
+
+has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+are displayed.
+If no arguments are supplied or if only
+<B>-p</B>
+
+is given,
+<B>trap</B>
+
+prints the list of commands associated with each signal.
+The
+<B>-l</B>
+
+option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and
+their corresponding numbers.
+Each
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is either
+a signal name defined in <<I>signal.h</I>>, or a signal number.
+Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.
+If a
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EXIT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+(0) the command
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is executed on exit from the shell.
+If a
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>DEBUG</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the command
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is executed before every <I>simple command</I>, <I>for</I> command,
+<I>case</I> command, <I>select</I> command, every arithmetic <I>for</I>
+command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+above).
+Refer to the description of the <B>extdebug</B> option to the
+<B>shopt</B> builtin for details of its effect on the <B>DEBUG</B> trap.
+If a
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ERR</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the command
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+subject to the following conditions.
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>ERR</B>
+
+</FONT>
+trap is not executed if the failed
+command is part of the command list immediately following a
+<B>while</B>
+
+or
+<B>until</B>
+
+keyword,
+part of the test in an
+<I>if</I>
+
+statement, part of a command executed in a
+<B>&&</B>
+
+or
+<B>||</B>
+
+list, or if the command's return value is
+being inverted via
+<B>!</B>.
+
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the <B>errexit</B> option.
+If a
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RETURN</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+the command
+<I>arg</I>
+
+is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the
+<B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins finishes executing.
+Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
+values in a child process when it is created.
+The return status is false if any
+<I>sigspec</I>
+
+is invalid; otherwise
+<B>trap</B>
+
+returns true.
+<DT><B>type</B> [<B>-aftpP</B>] <I>name</I> [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+With no options,
+indicate how each
+<I>name</I>
+
+would be interpreted if used as a command name.
+If the
+<B>-t</B>
+
+option is used,
+<B>type</B>
+
+prints a string which is one of
+<I>alias</I>,
+
+<I>keyword</I>,
+
+<I>function</I>,
+
+<I>builtin</I>,
+
+or
+<I>file </I>
+
+if
+<I>name</I>
+
+is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file,
+respectively.
+If the
+<I>name</I>
+
+is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false
+is returned.
+If the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is used,
+<B>type</B>
+
+either returns the name of the disk file
+that would be executed if
+<I>name</I>
+
+were specified as a command name,
+or nothing if
+<TT>type -t name</TT>
+
+would not return
+<I>file</I>.
+
+The
+<B>-P</B>
+
+option forces a
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
+
+</FONT>
+search for each <I>name</I>, even if
+<TT>type -t name</TT>
+
+would not return
+<I>file</I>.
+
+If a command is hashed,
+<B>-p</B>
+
+and
+<B>-P</B>
+
+print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears
+first in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>.
+
+</FONT>
+If the
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option is used,
+<B>type</B>
+
+prints all of the places that contain
+an executable named
+<I>name</I>.
+
+This includes aliases and functions,
+if and only if the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is not also used.
+The table of hashed commands is not consulted
+when using
+<B>-a</B>.
+
+The
+<B>-f</B>
+
+option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the <B>command</B> builtin.
+<B>type</B>
+
+returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
+any are not found.
+<DT><B>ulimit</B> [<B>-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx</B> [<I>limit</I>]]<DD>
+Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
+processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+The <B>-H</B> and <B>-S</B> options specify that the hard or soft limit is
+set for the given resource.
+A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
+a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
+If neither <B>-H</B> nor <B>-S</B> is specified, both the soft and hard
+limits are set.
+The value of
+<I>limit</I>
+
+can be a number in the unit specified for the resource
+or one of the special values
+<B>hard</B>,
+
+<B>soft</B>,
+
+or
+<B>unlimited</B>,
+
+which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and
+no limit, respectively.
+If
+<I>limit</I>
+
+is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is
+printed, unless the <B>-H</B> option is given. When more than one
+resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value.
+Other options are interpreted as follows:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-a</B>
+
+<DD>
+All current limits are reported
+<DT><B>-b</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum socket buffer size
+<DT><B>-c</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum size of core files created
+<DT><B>-d</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum size of a process's data segment
+<DT><B>-e</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
+<DT><B>-f</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
+<DT><B>-i</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of pending signals
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum size that may be locked into memory
+<DT><B>-m</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum resident set size
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set)
+<DT><B>-p</B>
+
+<DD>
+The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
+<DT><B>-q</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum real-time scheduling priority
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum stack size
+<DT><B>-t</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of processes available to a single user
+<DT><B>-v</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell
+<DT><B>-x</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of file locks
+<DT><B>-T</B>
+
+<DD>
+The maximum number of threads
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If
+<I>limit</I>
+
+is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the
+<B>-a</B>
+
+option is display only).
+If no option is given, then
+<B>-f</B>
+
+is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for
+<B>-t</B>,
+
+which is in seconds,
+<B>-p</B>,
+
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+and
+<B>-T</B>,
+
+<B>-b</B>,
+
+<B>-n</B>,
+
+and
+<B>-u</B>,
+
+which are unscaled values.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
+or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+</DL>
+
+<DT><B>umask</B> [<B>-p</B>] [<B>-S</B>] [<I>mode</I>]<DD>
+The user file-creation mask is set to
+<I>mode</I>.
+
+If
+<I>mode</I>
+
+begins with a digit, it
+is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise
+it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
+to that accepted by
+<I>chmod</I>(1).
+
+If
+<I>mode</I>
+
+is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.
+The
+<B>-S</B>
+
+option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the
+default output is an octal number.
+If the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option is supplied, and
+<I>mode</I>
+
+is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
+The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if
+no <I>mode</I> argument was supplied, and false otherwise.
+<DT><B>unalias</B> [-<B>a</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+Remove each <I>name</I> from the list of defined aliases. If
+<B>-a</B>
+
+is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return
+value is true unless a supplied
+<I>name</I>
+
+is not a defined alias.
+<DT><B>unset</B> [-<B>fv</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+For each
+<I>name</I>,
+
+remove the corresponding variable or function.
+If no options are supplied, or the
+<B>-v</B>
+
+option is given, each
+<I>name</I>
+
+refers to a shell variable.
+Read-only variables may not be unset.
+If
+<B>-f</B>
+
+is specified, each
+<I>name</I>
+
+refers to a shell function, and the function definition
+is removed.
+Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+passed to subsequent commands.
+If any of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RANDOM</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SECONDS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>LINENO</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTCMD</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>FUNCNAME</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GROUPS</B>,
+
+</FONT>
+or
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>DIRSTACK</B>
+
+</FONT>
+are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are
+subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a
+<I>name</I>
+
+is readonly.
+<DT><B>wait</B> [<I>n ...</I>]<DD>
+Wait for each specified process and return its termination status.
+Each
+<I>n</I>
+
+may be a process
+ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes
+in that job's pipeline are waited for. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+is not given, all currently active child processes
+are waited for, and the return status is zero. If
+<I>n</I>
+
+specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last
+process or job waited for.
+
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbDC"> </A>
+<H3>RESTRICTED SHELL</H3>
+
+
+
+<P>
+
+If
+<B>bash</B>
+
+is started with the name
+<B>rbash</B>,
+
+or the
+<B>-r</B>
+
+option is supplied at invocation,
+the shell becomes restricted.
+A restricted shell is used to
+set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
+It behaves identically to
+<B>bash</B>
+
+with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>*<DD>
+changing directories with <B>cd</B>
+<DT>*<DD>
+setting or unsetting the values of
+<B>SHELL</B>,
+
+<B>PATH</B>,
+
+<B>ENV</B>,
+
+or
+<B>BASH_ENV</B>
+
+<DT>*<DD>
+specifying command names containing
+<B>/</B>
+
+<DT>*<DD>
+specifying a file name containing a
+<B>/</B>
+
+as an argument to the
+<B>.</B>
+
+builtin command
+<DT>*<DD>
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>hash</B>
+
+builtin command
+<DT>*<DD>
+importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
+<DT>*<DD>
+parsing the value of <B>SHELLOPTS</B> from the shell environment at startup
+<DT>*<DD>
+redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
+<DT>*<DD>
+using the
+<B>exec</B>
+
+builtin command to replace the shell with another command
+<DT>*<DD>
+adding or deleting builtin commands with the
+<B>-f</B>
+
+and
+<B>-d</B>
+
+options to the
+<B>enable</B>
+
+builtin command
+<DT>*<DD>
+Using the <B>enable</B> builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
+<DT>*<DD>
+specifying the
+<B>-p</B>
+
+option to the
+<B>command</B>
+
+builtin command
+<DT>*<DD>
+turning off restricted mode with
+<B>set +r</B> or <B>set +o restricted</B>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+<P>
+
+
+ When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMMAND EXECUTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+
+above),
+
+<B>rbash</B>
+
+turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the
+script.
+
+
+<A NAME="lbDD"> </A>
+<H3>SEE ALSO</H3>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><I>Bash Reference Manual</I>, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey<DD>
+<DT><I>The Gnu Readline Library</I>, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey<DD>
+<DT><I>The Gnu History Library</I>, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey<DD>
+<DT><I>Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities</I>, IEEE<DD>
+<DT><I>sh</I>(1), <I>ksh</I>(1), <I>csh</I>(1)<DD>
+<DT><I>emacs</I>(1), <I>vi</I>(1)<DD>
+<DT><I>readline</I>(3)<DD>
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbDE"> </A>
+<H3>FILES</H3>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:/bin/bash"><I>/bin/bash</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+The <B>bash</B> executable
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_logout"><I>~/.bash_logout</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits
+<DT>
+<A HREF="file:~/.inputrc"><I>~/.inputrc</I></A>
+
+<DD>
+Individual <I>readline</I> initialization file
+
+</DL>
+<A NAME="lbDF"> </A>
+<H3>AUTHORS</H3>
+
+Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+<BR>
+
+<A HREF="mailto:bfox@gnu.org">bfox@gnu.org</A>
+<P>
+
+Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+<BR>
+
+<A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A>
+<A NAME="lbDG"> </A>
+<H3>BUG REPORTS</H3>
+
+If you find a bug in
+<B>bash,</B>
+
+you should report it. But first, you should
+make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+version of
+<B>bash</B>.
+
+The latest version is always available from
+<I><A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/</A></I>.
+<P>
+
+Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
+<I>bashbug</I>
+
+command to submit a bug report.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
+to <I><A HREF="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</A></I> or posted to the Usenet
+newsgroup
+<A HREF="news:gnu.bash.bug">gnu.bash.bug</A>.
+
+<P>
+
+ALL bug reports should include:
+<P>
+
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>The version number of <B>bash</B><DD>
+<DT>The hardware and operating system<DD>
+<DT>The compiler used to compile<DD>
+<DT>A description of the bug behaviour<DD>
+<DT>A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug<DD>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<I>bashbug</I>
+
+inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+it provides for filing a bug report.
+<P>
+
+Comments and bug reports concerning
+this manual page should be directed to
+<I><A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A></I>.
+
+<A NAME="lbDH"> </A>
+<H3>BUGS</H3>
+
+<P>
+
+It's too big and too slow.
+<P>
+
+There are some subtle differences between
+<B>bash</B>
+
+and traditional versions of
+<B>sh</B>,
+
+mostly because of the
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>POSIX</B>
+
+</FONT>
+specification.
+<P>
+
+Aliases are confusing in some uses.
+<P>
+
+Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
+<P>
+
+Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c'
+are not handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted.
+When a process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next
+command in the sequence.
+It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as
+a unit.
+<P>
+
+Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
+<P>
+
+There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
+
+
+
+<HR>
+<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
+<TR>
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 December 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<HR>
+<A NAME="index"> </A><H2>Index</H2>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSIS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">COPYRIGHT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">OPTIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">ARGUMENTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">INVOCATION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAI">DEFINITIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAJ">RESERVED WORDS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAK">SHELL GRAMMAR</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAL">Simple Commands</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAM">Pipelines</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAN">Lists</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAO">Compound Commands</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAP">Coprocesses</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAQ">Shell Function Definitions</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAR">COMMENTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAS">QUOTING</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAT">PARAMETERS</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAU">Positional Parameters</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAV">Special Parameters</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAW">Shell Variables</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAX">Arrays</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAY">EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAZ">Brace Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBA">Tilde Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBB">Parameter Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBC">Command Substitution</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBD">Arithmetic Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBE">Process Substitution</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBF">Word Splitting</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBG">Pathname Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBH">Quote Removal</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBI">REDIRECTION</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBJ">Redirecting Input</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBK">Redirecting Output</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBL">Appending Redirected Output</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBM">Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBN">Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBO">Here Documents</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBP">Here Strings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBQ">Duplicating File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBR">Moving File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBS">Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBT">ALIASES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBU">FUNCTIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBV">ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBW">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBX">SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBY">COMMAND EXECUTION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBZ">COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCA">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCB">EXIT STATUS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCC">SIGNALS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCD">JOB CONTROL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCE">PROMPTING</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCF">READLINE</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCG">Readline Notation</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCH">Readline Initialization</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCI">Readline Key Bindings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCJ">Readline Variables</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCK">Readline Conditional Constructs</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCL">Searching</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCM">Readline Command Names</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCN">Commands for Moving</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCO">Commands for Manipulating the History</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCP">Commands for Changing Text</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCQ">Killing and Yanking</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCR">Numeric Arguments</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCS">Completing</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCT">Keyboard Macros</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCU">Miscellaneous</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCV">Programmable Completion</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCW">HISTORY</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCX">HISTORY EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCY">Event Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCZ">Word Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDA">Modifiers</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDB">SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDC">RESTRICTED SHELL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDD">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDE">FILES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDF">AUTHORS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDG">BUG REPORTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDH">BUGS</A><DD>
+</DL>
+<HR>
+This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 05 February 2009 08:05:34 EST
+</BODY>
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+F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)
+2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1
+.369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 254.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1
+(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G
+(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)
+-.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 271.2 R .471
+(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471
+(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471
+(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
+(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 283.2 Q
+(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 300 Q
+(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 316.8 R 1.487
+(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
+(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
+(ex)108 328.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
+1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
+-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2
+(Brace Expansion)87 357.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 369.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F
+(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
+(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 381.6 Q F1 .415
+(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
+(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
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+(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 393.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
+(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 405.6 R
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+(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
+ch resulting string, e)108 417.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 429.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 446.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
+F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
+(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
+108 458.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
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+(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
+F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y)
+3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 487.2 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
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+(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
+499.2 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
+(same width.)108 511.2 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 523.2 R
+6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 535.2 S .541(pands to each character le)
+.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1
+(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G
+.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0
+.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 547.2 R .182
+(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182
+(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E
+(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 559.2 Q .581(Brace e)108 576 R
+.581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)
+-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
+(are preserv)108 588 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 600 Q(xt of the e)
+-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac)
+108 616.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \
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+3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 628.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F
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+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(unchanged. A)108 640.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0
+.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
+(sion. T)108 652.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
+F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 664.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
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+108 681.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
+(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 710.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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+(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
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+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 112.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
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+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 124.8 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
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+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 136.8 Q F0
+.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
+.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
+(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+(If strict compatibility with)108 148.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 160.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
+87 177.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 189.6 R 1.086(ord be)
+-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
+1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
+slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\
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+(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\
+\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 213.6 R
+.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 225.6 Q
+.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 237.6 Q/F4
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+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
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+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 249.6 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 266.4 R .092
+(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
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+(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
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+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 290.4 R F2(N)4.142
+E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
+ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
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+108 314.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G
+.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
+.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
+(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
+(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
+108 326.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 360 R .167
+(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
+-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
+F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
+.282(these cases, tilde e)108 372 R .282(xpansion is also performed.)
+-.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282
+(ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108
+384 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666
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+E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 412.8 R
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+(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 424.8 R
+.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406
+(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
+(tect the v)108 436.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
+(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108
+448.8 Q 1.19
+(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
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+(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15
+(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 477.6 R 2.15
+(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S
+(pansion.).15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205
+(The v)144 518.4 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F
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+(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 530.4 R F2(par)4.014 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264
+(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F
+(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 542.4 Q 1.509
+(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.258 F F1(Bash)108 571.2 Q F0 .106
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+(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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+E .352(able is then e)108 583.2 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351
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+(wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F
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+(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 648 Q
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+(that is unset or null.)108 676.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\
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+(Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par)
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+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to)
+5.274 F F1(par)144 108 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v)
+-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278
+(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279
+(Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F
+(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 120 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)
+108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2
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+(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 192 R .745(nate V)-.15 F
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+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 204 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0
+(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1
+(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 228 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1
+(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796
+(Substring Expansion.)144 240 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1
+(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15
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+R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E
+F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1
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+.432(acter speci\214ed by)144 264 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1
+(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433
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+(This construct allo)108 352.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
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+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
+(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R .243
+(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
+-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 604.8 Q .378
+(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
+(Completing)87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
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+(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
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+144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
+(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.)
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+Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1
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+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828
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+E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
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+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
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+240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 252 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 264 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
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+(List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
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+(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
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+(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .581
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R
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+(for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1(dab)108 552 Q(br)-.1 E
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+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
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+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 664.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
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+(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
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+E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
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+(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
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+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E
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+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 528 Q -.15
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+R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
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+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .334
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+(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 273.6 R
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+(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 285.6 R
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+(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1
+<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
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+472.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
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+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 484.8 Q
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+(After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
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+(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3
+(COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
+(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
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+E(69)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF
--- /dev/null
+BASHBUG(1) BASHBUG(1)
+
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ bashbug - report a bug in bash
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg [_\b-_\b-_\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\b-_\b-_\bh_\be_\bl_\bp] [_\be_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\b-_\ba_\bd_\bd_\br_\be_\bs_\bs]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
+ concerning bash in a standard format. b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg invokes the editor spec-
+ ified by the environment variable E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR on a temporary copy of the bug
+ report format outline. The user must fill in the appropriate fields and
+ exit the editor. b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg then mails the completed report to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg, or _\be_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\b-_\ba_\bd_\bd_\br_\be_\bs_\bs. If the report cannot be mailed, it is
+ saved in the file _\bd_\be_\ba_\bd_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg in the invoking user's home directory.
+
+ The bug report format outline consists of several sections. The first
+ section provides information about the machine, operating system, the
+ bash version, and the compilation environment. The second section
+ should be filled in with a description of the bug. The third section
+ should be a description of how to reproduce the bug. The optional
+ fourth section is for a proposed fix. Fixes are encouraged.
+
+E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg will utilize the following environment variables if they exist:
+
+ E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR Specifies the preferred editor. If E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bhb\bbu\bug\bg
+ defaults to e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs.
+
+ H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE Directory in which the failed bug report is saved if the mail
+ fails.
+
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+
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+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)
+
+A\bAU\bUT\bTH\bHO\bOR\bRS\bS
+ Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+ bfox@gnu.org
+
+ Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+ chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+
+
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+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Bash Reference Manual: </TITLE>
+
+<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Bash Reference Manual: ">
+<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Bash Reference Manual: ">
+<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
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+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY LANG="" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" ALINK="#FF0000">
+
+<A NAME="SEC_Top"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
+
+This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).
+</P><P>
+
+This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008,
+of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
+for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.0.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
+features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
+borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (<TT>`sh'</TT>), the Korn Shell
+(<TT>`ksh'</TT>), and the C-shell (<TT>`csh'</TT> and its successor,
+<TT>`tcsh'</TT>). The following menu breaks the features up into
+categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the
+feature.
+</P><P>
+
+This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
+Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive
+reference on shell behavior.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An introduction to the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this
+ manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
+ to use it.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
+ editing features.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+ between Bash and historical
+ versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC1"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC2"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
+<H1> 1. Introduction </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC1::-->
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC2">1.1 What is Bash?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A brief introduction to shells.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="What is Bash?"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC2"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC1"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC3"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC2::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter,
+for the GNU operating system.
+The name is an acronym for the <SAMP>`Bourne-Again SHell'</SAMP>,
+a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of
+the current Unix shell <CODE>sh</CODE>,
+which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version
+of Unix.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash is largely compatible with <CODE>sh</CODE> and incorporates useful
+features from the Korn shell <CODE>ksh</CODE> and the C shell <CODE>csh</CODE>.
+It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE
+POSIX Shell and Tools portion of the IEEE POSIX
+specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1).
+It offers functional improvements over <CODE>sh</CODE> for both interactive and
+programming use.
+</P><P>
+
+While the GNU operating system provides other shells, including
+a version of <CODE>csh</CODE>, Bash is the default shell.
+Like other GNU software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs
+on nearly every version of Unix and a few other operating systems -
+independently-supported ports exist for MS-DOS, OS/2,
+and Windows platforms.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="What is a shell?"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC3"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC2"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC3::-->
+<P>
+
+At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes
+commands. The term macro processor means functionality where text
+and symbols are expanded to create larger expressions.
+</P><P>
+
+A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming
+language. As a command interpreter, the shell provides the user
+interface to the rich set of GNU utilities. The programming
+language features allow these utilities to be combined.
+Files containing commands can be created, and become
+commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as
+system commands in directories such as <TT>`/bin'</TT>, allowing users
+or groups to establish custom environments to automate their common
+tasks.
+</P><P>
+
+Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In
+interactive mode, they accept input typed from the keyboard.
+When executing non-interactively, shells execute commands read
+from a file.
+</P><P>
+
+A shell allows execution of GNU commands, both synchronously and
+asynchronously.
+The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before accepting
+more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel
+with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands.
+The <EM>redirection</EM> constructs permit
+fine-grained control of the input and output of those commands.
+Moreover, the shell allows control over the contents of commands'
+environments.
+</P><P>
+
+Shells also provide a small set of built-in
+commands (<EM>builtins</EM>) implementing functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities.
+For example, <CODE>cd</CODE>, <CODE>break</CODE>, <CODE>continue</CODE>, and
+<CODE>exec</CODE>) cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
+they directly manipulate the shell itself.
+The <CODE>history</CODE>, <CODE>getopts</CODE>, <CODE>kill</CODE>, or <CODE>pwd</CODE>
+builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities,
+but they are more convenient to use as builtin commands.
+All of the shell builtins are described in
+subsequent sections.
+</P><P>
+
+While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and
+complexity) of shells is due to their embedded programming
+languages. Like any high-level language, the shell provides
+variables, flow control constructs, quoting, and functions.
+</P><P>
+
+Shells offer features geared specifically for
+interactive use rather than to augment the programming language.
+These interactive features include job control, command line
+editing, command history and aliases. Each of these features is
+described in this manual.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Definitions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC4"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC3"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC4::-->
+These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>POSIX</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX1"></A>
+A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash
+is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the
+POSIX 1003.1 standard.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>blank</CODE>
+<DD>A space or tab character.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX2"></A>
+A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather
+than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>control operator</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX3"></A>
+A <CODE>token</CODE> that performs a control function. It is a <CODE>newline</CODE>
+or one of the following:
+<SAMP>`||'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`('</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>exit status</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX4"></A>
+The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted
+to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>field</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A>
+A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After
+expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as
+the command name and arguments.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>filename</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A>
+A string of characters used to identify a file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>job</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A>
+A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended
+from it, that are all in the same process group.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>job control</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A>
+A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart
+(resume) execution of processes.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>metacharacter</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A>
+A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is
+a <CODE>blank</CODE> or one of the following characters:
+<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`('</SAMP>, <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`<'</SAMP>, or
+<SAMP>`>'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>name</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX10"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX11"></A>
+A <CODE>word</CODE> consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores,
+and beginning with a letter or underscore. <CODE>Name</CODE>s are used as
+shell variable and function names.
+Also referred to as an <CODE>identifier</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>operator</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A>
+A <CODE>control operator</CODE> or a <CODE>redirection operator</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators.
+Operators contain at least one unquoted <CODE>metacharacter</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>process group</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX13"></A>
+A collection of related processes each having the same process
+group ID.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>process group ID</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX14"></A>
+A unique identifier that represents a <CODE>process group</CODE>
+during its lifetime.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>reserved word</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX15"></A>
+A <CODE>word</CODE> that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved
+words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as <CODE>for</CODE> and
+<CODE>while</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>return status</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX16"></A>
+A synonym for <CODE>exit status</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>signal</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX17"></A>
+A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel
+of an event occurring in the system.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>special builtin</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX18"></A>
+A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the
+POSIX standard.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>token</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX19"></A>
+A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell.
+It is either a <CODE>word</CODE> or an <CODE>operator</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>word</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX20"></A>
+A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell.
+Words may not include unquoted <CODE>metacharacters</CODE>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Basic Shell Features"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC5"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC5::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash is an acronym for <SAMP>`Bourne-Again SHell'</SAMP>.
+The Bourne shell is
+the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne.
+All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash,
+The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the POSIX
+specification for the `standard' Unix shell.
+</P><P>
+
+This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks':
+commands, control structures, shell functions, shell <I>parameters</I>,
+shell expansions,
+<I>redirections</I>, which are a way to direct input and output from
+and to named files, and how the shell executes commands.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What your input means to the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The types of commands you can use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
+ expansions available.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Syntax"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC6"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC7"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC6::-->
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC7">3.1.1 Shell Operation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The basic operation of the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to remove the special meaning from characters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify comments.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a
+sequence of operations. If the input indicates the beginning of a
+comment, the shell ignores the comment symbol (<SAMP>`#'</SAMP>), and the rest
+of that line.
+
+Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and
+divides the input into words and operators, employing the quoting rules
+to select which meanings to assign various words and characters.
+</P><P>
+
+The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs,
+removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands
+others, redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified
+command, waits for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status
+available for further inspection or processing.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Operation"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC7"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC7::-->
+<P>
+
+The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it
+reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the
+following:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
+supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
+described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by
+<CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking
+the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>)
+and commands and arguments.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes
+the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
+status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Quoting"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC8"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC7"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC9"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC8::-->
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC9">3.1.2.1 Escape Character</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to remove the special meaning from a single
+ character.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC10">3.1.2.2 Single Quotes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence
+ of characters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC11">3.1.2.3 Double Quotes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to suppress most of the interpretation of a
+ sequence of characters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to translate strings into different languages.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain
+characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
+disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
+reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
+parameter expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+Each of the shell metacharacters (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A>)
+has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
+represent itself.
+When the command history expansion facilities are being used
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+more details concerning history expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+There are three quoting mechanisms: the
+<VAR>escape character</VAR>, single quotes, and double quotes.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Escape Character"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC9"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC10"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC9::-->
+A non-quoted backslash <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> is the Bash escape character.
+It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
+with the exception of <CODE>newline</CODE>. If a <CODE>\newline</CODE> pair
+appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the <CODE>\newline</CODE>
+is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from
+the input stream and effectively ignored).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Single Quotes"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC10"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC9"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC11"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC11"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC10::-->
+<P>
+
+Enclosing characters in single quotes (<SAMP>`''</SAMP>) preserves the literal value
+of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
+between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Double Quotes"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC11"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC10"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC11::-->
+<P>
+
+Enclosing characters in double quotes (<SAMP>`"'</SAMP>) preserves the literal value
+of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
+<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>,
+and, when history expansion is enabled, <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>.
+The characters <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> and <SAMP>``'</SAMP>
+retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
+the following characters:
+<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, or <CODE>newline</CODE>.
+Within double quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these
+characters are removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a
+special meaning are left unmodified.
+A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+a backslash.
+If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>
+appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.
+The backslash preceding the <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> is not removed.
+</P><P>
+
+The special parameters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> have special meaning
+when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="ANSI-C Quoting"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC12"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC11"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC12::-->
+<P>
+
+Words of the form <CODE>$'<VAR>string</VAR>'</CODE> are treated specially. The
+word expands to <VAR>string</VAR>, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
+as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
+present, are decoded as follows:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
+<DD>alert (bell)
+<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
+<DD>backspace
+<DT><CODE>\e</CODE>
+<DD>an escape character (not ANSI C)
+<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
+<DD>form feed
+<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
+<DD>newline
+<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
+<DD>carriage return
+<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
+<DD>horizontal tab
+<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
+<DD>vertical tab
+<DT><CODE>\\</CODE>
+<DD>backslash
+<DT><CODE>\'</CODE>
+<DD>single quote
+<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
+(one to three digits)
+<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
+(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><CODE>\c<VAR>x</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>a control-<VAR>x</VAR> character
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+been present.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Locale Translation"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC13"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC13::-->
+<P>
+
+A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>) will cause
+the string to be translated according to the current locale.
+If the current locale is <CODE>C</CODE> or <CODE>POSIX</CODE>, the dollar sign
+is ignored.
+If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
+double-quoted.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX21"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX22"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX23"></A>
+Some systems use the message catalog selected by the <CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
+shell variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the
+value of the <CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE> shell variable, possibly adding a
+suffix of <SAMP>`.mo'</SAMP>. If you use the <CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE> variable, you
+may need to set the <CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE> variable to the location of
+the message catalog files. Still others use both variables in this
+fashion:
+<CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE>/<CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>/LC_MESSAGES/<CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE>.mo.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Comments"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC14"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC14::-->
+<P>
+
+In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
+<CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
+a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
+causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
+option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
+option is on by default in interactive shells.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
+a shell interactive.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC15"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC15::-->
+<P>
+
+A simple shell command such as <CODE>echo a b c</CODE> consists of the command
+itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces.
+</P><P>
+
+More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together
+in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command
+becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, or in
+some other grouping.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The most common type of command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Connecting the input and output of several
+ commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to execute commands sequentially.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for control flow.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Two-way communication between commands.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Simple Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC16"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC16::-->
+<P>
+
+A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often.
+It's just a sequence of words separated by <CODE>blank</CODE>s, terminated
+by one of the shell's control operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A>). The
+first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the
+rest of the words being that command's arguments.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
+its exit status as provided
+by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if
+the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Pipelines"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC17"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC17::-->
+<P>
+
+A <CODE>pipeline</CODE> is a sequence of simple commands separated by one of
+the control operators <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX24"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX25"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX26"></A>
+The format for a pipeline is
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<CODE>time</CODE> [<CODE>-p</CODE>]] [<CODE>!</CODE>] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ [<CODE>|</CODE> or <CODE>|&</CODE>] <VAR>command2</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
+to the input of the next command.
+That is, each command reads the previous command's output. This
+connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
+command.
+</P><P>
+
+If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, the standard error of <VAR>command1</VAR> is connected to
+<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
+<CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>. This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+performed after any redirections specified by the command.
+</P><P>
+
+The reserved word <CODE>time</CODE> causes timing statistics
+to be printed for the pipeline once it finishes.
+The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and
+user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option changes the output format to that specified
+by POSIX.
+The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that
+specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
+The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of
+shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
+<CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily.
+</P><P>
+
+If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>), the
+shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
+</P><P>
+
+Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
+status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
+pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
+value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
+or zero if all commands exit successfully.
+If the reserved word <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> precedes the pipeline, the
+exit status is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+above.
+The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before
+returning a value.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Lists"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC18"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC18::-->
+<P>
+
+A <CODE>list</CODE> is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
+of the operators <SAMP>`;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`||'</SAMP>,
+and optionally terminated by one of <SAMP>`;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, or a
+<CODE>newline</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Of these list operators, <SAMP>`&&'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`||'</SAMP>
+have equal precedence, followed by <SAMP>`;'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>,
+which have equal precedence.
+</P><P>
+
+A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a <CODE>list</CODE>
+to delimit commands, equivalent to a semicolon.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command is terminated by the control operator <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>,
+the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.
+This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>.
+The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
+status is 0 (true).
+When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
+the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
+explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Commands separated by a <SAMP>`;'</SAMP> are executed sequentially; the shell
+waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
+exit status of the last command executed.
+</P><P>
+
+AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines
+separated by the control operators <SAMP>`&&'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`||'</SAMP>,
+respectively. AND and OR lists are executed with left
+associativity.
+</P><P>
+
+An AND list has the form
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>command1</VAR> && <VAR>command2</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<VAR>command2</VAR> is executed if, and only if, <VAR>command1</VAR>
+returns an exit status of zero.
+</P><P>
+
+An OR list has the form
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>command1</VAR> || <VAR>command2</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<VAR>command2</VAR> is executed if, and only if, <VAR>command1</VAR>
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status of
+AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the list.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Compound Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC19"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC19::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for iterative action.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for conditional execution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Ways to group commands.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
+Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
+terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command
+apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms
+to group commands and execute them as a unit.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Looping Constructs"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC20"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC20::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash supports the following looping constructs.
+</P><P>
+
+Note that wherever a <SAMP>`;'</SAMP> appears in the description of a
+command's syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>until</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX27"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX28"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX29"></A>
+The syntax of the <CODE>until</CODE> command is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>until <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
+</pre></td></tr></table>Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
+<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status which is not zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>, or zero if none was executed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>while</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A>
+The syntax of the <CODE>while</CODE> command is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>while <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
+<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status of zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>, or zero if none was executed.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>for</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX31"></A>
+The syntax of the <CODE>for</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for <VAR>name</VAR> [in <VAR>words</VAR> <small>...</small>]; do <VAR>commands</VAR>; done
+</pre></td></tr></table>Expand <VAR>words</VAR>, and execute <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each member
+in the resultant list, with <VAR>name</VAR> bound to the current member.
+If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command
+executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is
+set, as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>).
+The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
+If there are no items in the expansion of <VAR>words</VAR>, no commands are
+executed, and the return status is zero.
+</P><P>
+
+An alternate form of the <CODE>for</CODE> command is also supported:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
+</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
+to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
+until it evaluates to zero.
+Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are
+executed and the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr3</VAR> is evaluated.
+If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>list</VAR>
+that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+may be used to control loop execution.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Conditional Constructs"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC21"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC21::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>if</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX32"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX33"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX34"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX35"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX36"></A>
+The syntax of the <CODE>if</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>if <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; then
+ <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>;
+[elif <VAR>more-test-commands</VAR>; then
+ <VAR>more-consequents</VAR>;]
+[else <VAR>alternate-consequents</VAR>;]
+fi
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The <VAR>test-commands</VAR> list is executed, and if its return status is zero,
+the <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> list is executed.
+If <VAR>test-commands</VAR> returns a non-zero status, each <CODE>elif</CODE> list
+is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
+the corresponding <VAR>more-consequents</VAR> is executed and the
+command completes.
+If <SAMP>`else <VAR>alternate-consequents</VAR>'</SAMP> is present, and
+the final command in the final <CODE>if</CODE> or <CODE>elif</CODE> clause
+has a non-zero exit status, then <VAR>alternate-consequents</VAR> is executed.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no condition tested true.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>case</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX37"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX38"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX39"></A>
+The syntax of the <CODE>case</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>case <VAR>word</VAR> in [ [(] <VAR>pattern</VAR> [| <VAR>pattern</VAR>]<small>...</small>) <VAR>command-list</VAR> ;;]<small>...</small> esac</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
+the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>.
+If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>
+operator terminates a pattern list.
+A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
+as a <VAR>clause</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+Each clause must be terminated with <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`,&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP>.
+The <VAR>word</VAR> undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
+substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
+attempted. Each <VAR>pattern</VAR> undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
+expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+There may be an arbitrary number of <CODE>case</CODE> clauses, each terminated
+by a <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP>.
+The first pattern that matches determines the
+command-list that is executed.
+</P><P>
+
+Here is an example using <CODE>case</CODE> in a script that could be used to
+describe one interesting feature of an animal:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: "
+read ANIMAL
+echo -n "The $ANIMAL has "
+case $ANIMAL in
+ horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";;
+ man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";;
+ *) echo -n "an unknown number of";;
+esac
+echo " legs."
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using <SAMP>`;&'</SAMP> in place of <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> causes execution to continue with
+the <VAR>command-list</VAR> associated with the next clause, if any.
+Using <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP> in place of <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> causes the shell to test the patterns
+in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated <VAR>command-list</VAR>
+on a successful match.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero if no <VAR>pattern</VAR> is matched. Otherwise, the
+return status is the exit status of the <VAR>command-list</VAR> executed.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>select</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX40"></A>
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>select</CODE> construct allows the easy generation of menus.
+It has almost the same syntax as the <CODE>for</CODE> command:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>select <VAR>name</VAR> [in <VAR>words</VAR> <small>...</small>]; do <VAR>commands</VAR>; done
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The list of words following <CODE>in</CODE> is expanded, generating a list
+of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+error output stream, each preceded by a number. If the
+<SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is omitted, the positional parameters are printed,
+as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified.
+The <CODE>PS3</CODE> prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the
+standard input.
+If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed
+words, then the value of <VAR>name</VAR> is set to that word.
+If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.
+If <CODE>EOF</CODE> is read, the <CODE>select</CODE> command completes.
+Any other value read causes <VAR>name</VAR> to be set to null.
+The line read is saved in the variable <CODE>REPLY</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+The <VAR>commands</VAR> are executed after each selection until a
+<CODE>break</CODE> command is executed, at which
+point the <CODE>select</CODE> command completes.
+</P><P>
+
+Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the
+current directory, and displays the name and index of the file
+selected.
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>select fname in *;
+do
+ echo you picked $fname \($REPLY\)
+ break;
+done
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>((<small>...</small>))</CODE>
+<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>(( <VAR>expression</VAR> ))
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules
+described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
+otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>"
+</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX41"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX42"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[[ <VAR>expression</VAR> ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
+the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
+between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+substitution, and quote removal are performed.
+Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognized
+as primaries.
+</P><P>
+
+When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the
+right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
+to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not
+match (<SAMP>`!='</SAMP>)the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+</P><P>
+
+An additional binary operator, <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP>, is available, with the same
+precedence as <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP>.
+When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
+an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in <I>regex</I>3)).
+The return value is 0 if the string matches
+the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+expression's return value is 2.
+If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
+expression are saved in the array variable <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>.
+The element of <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE> with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element of <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE> with index <VAR>n</VAR> is the portion of the
+string matching the <VAR>n</VAR>th parenthesized subexpression.
+</P><P>
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>( <VAR>expression</VAR> )</CODE>
+<DD>Returns the value of <VAR>expression</VAR>.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>! <VAR>expression</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>expression</VAR> is false.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>expression1</VAR> && <VAR>expression2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if both <VAR>expression1</VAR> and <VAR>expression2</VAR> are true.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>expression1</VAR> || <VAR>expression2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if either <VAR>expression1</VAR> or <VAR>expression2</VAR> is true.
+</DL>
+The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>expression2</VAR> if the
+value of <VAR>expression1</VAR> is sufficient to determine the return
+value of the entire conditional expression.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Grouping"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC22"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC22::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed
+as a unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied
+to the entire command list. For example, the output of all the
+commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>()</CODE>
+<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>( <VAR>list</VAR> )
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
+environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
+of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the
+<VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
+effect after the subshell completes.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>{}</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX43"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX44"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ <VAR>list</VAR>; }
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to
+be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created.
+The semicolon (or newline) following <VAR>list</VAR> is required.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference
+between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces
+are <CODE>reserved words</CODE>, so they must be separated from the <VAR>list</VAR>
+by <CODE>blank</CODE>s or other shell metacharacters.
+The parentheses are <CODE>operators</CODE>, and are
+recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated
+from the <VAR>list</VAR> by whitespace.
+</P><P>
+
+The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
+<VAR>list</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Coprocesses"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC23"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC23::-->
+<P>
+
+A <CODE>coprocess</CODE> is a shell command preceded by the <CODE>coproc</CODE>
+reserved word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+</P><P>
+
+The format for a coprocess is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>coproc</CODE> [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+This creates a coprocess named <VAR>NAME</VAR>.
+If <VAR>NAME</VAR> is not supplied, the default name is <VAR>COPROC</VAR>.
+<VAR>NAME</VAR> must not be supplied if <VAR>command</VAR> is a simple
+command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>); otherwise, it is interpreted as
+the first word of the simple command.
+</P><P>
+
+When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR>
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[0].
+The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR>
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1].
+This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
+command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
+and redirections using standard word expansions.
+</P><P>
+
+The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID.
+The <CODE>wait</CODE>
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC24::-->
+<P>
+
+Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
+using a single name for the group. They are executed just like
+a "regular" command.
+When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
+the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
+Shell functions are executed in the current
+shell context; no new process is created to interpret them.
+</P><P>
+
+Functions are declared using this syntax:
+<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[ <CODE>function</CODE> ] <VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved
+word <CODE>function</CODE> is optional.
+If the <CODE>function</CODE> reserved
+word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
+The <VAR>body</VAR> of the function is the compound command
+<VAR>compound-command</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A>).
+That command is usually a <VAR>list</VAR> enclosed between { and }, but
+may be any compound command listed above.
+<VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the
+name of a command.
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
+are performed when the function is executed.
+</P><P>
+
+A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the
+<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
+When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the body.
+</P><P>
+
+Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces
+that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by
+<CODE>blank</CODE>s or newlines.
+This is because the braces are reserved words and are only recognized
+as such when they are separated from the command list
+by whitespace or another shell metacharacter.
+Also, when using the braces, the <VAR>list</VAR> must be terminated by a semicolon,
+a <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, or a newline.
+</P><P>
+
+When a function is executed, the arguments to the
+function become the positional parameters
+during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>).
+The special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> that expands to the number of
+positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
+Special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> is unchanged.
+The first element of the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> variable is set to the
+name of the function while the function is executing.
+All other aspects of the shell execution
+environment are identical between a function and its caller
+with the exception that the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps
+are not inherited unless the function has been given the
+<CODE>trace</CODE> attribute using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin or
+the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE> option has been enabled with
+the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin,
+(in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps).
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
+<CODE>trap</CODE> builtin.
+</P><P>
+
+If the builtin command <CODE>return</CODE>
+is executed in a function, the function completes and
+execution resumes with the next command after the function
+call.
+Any command associated with the <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap is executed
+before execution resumes.
+When a function completes, the values of the
+positional parameters and the special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
+are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
+execution. If a numeric argument is given to <CODE>return</CODE>,
+that is the function's return status; otherwise the function's
+return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+before the <CODE>return</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Variables local to the function may be declared with the
+<CODE>local</CODE> builtin. These variables are visible only to
+the function and the commands it invokes.
+</P><P>
+
+Function names and definitions may be listed with the
+<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
+will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
+shell option is enabled).
+Functions may be exported so that subshells
+automatically have them defined with the
+<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
+in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
+shell's children.
+Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+</P><P>
+
+Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of
+recursive calls.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC25::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+A <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an entity that stores values.
+It can be a <CODE>name</CODE>, a number, or one of the special characters
+listed below.
+A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>.
+A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>.
+Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command
+(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+the <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin command.
+</P><P>
+
+A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR>=[<VAR>value</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>If <VAR>value</VAR>
+is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+<VAR>value</VAR>s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+removal (detailed below). If the variable has its <CODE>integer</CODE>
+attribute set, then <VAR>value</VAR>
+is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the <CODE>$((<small>...</small>))</CODE>
+expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>).
+Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
+of <CODE>"$@"</CODE> as explained below.
+Filename expansion is not performed.
+Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
+<CODE>alias</CODE>,
+<CODE>declare</CODE>, <CODE>typeset</CODE>, <CODE>export</CODE>, <CODE>readonly</CODE>,
+and <CODE>local</CODE> builtin commands.
+</P><P>
+
+In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
+to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
+operator can be used to
+append to or add to the variable's previous value.
+When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute
+has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
+added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
+When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
+variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new
+values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
+maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
+in an associative array.
+When applied to a string-valued variable, <VAR>value</VAR> is expanded and
+appended to the variable's value.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC26"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC26::-->
+<P>
+
+A <VAR>positional parameter</VAR> is a parameter denoted by one or more
+digits, other than the single digit <CODE>0</CODE>. Positional parameters are
+assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
+and may be reassigned using the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command.
+Positional parameter <CODE>N</CODE> may be referenced as <CODE>${N}</CODE>, or
+as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit.
+Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
+The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and
+unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
+The positional parameters are
+temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
+digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Special Parameters"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC27::-->
+<P>
+
+The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX46"></A>
+<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX47"></A>
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
+of the <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+special variable. That is, <CODE>"$*"</CODE> is equivalent
+to <CODE>"$1<VAR>c</VAR>$2<VAR>c</VAR><small>...</small>"</CODE>, where <VAR>c</VAR>
+is the first character of the value of the <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+variable.
+If <CODE>IFS</CODE> is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
+If <CODE>IFS</CODE> is null, the parameters are joined without intervening
+separators.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX48"></A>
+<DT><CODE>@</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX49"></A>
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+separate word. That is, <CODE>"$@"</CODE> is equivalent to
+<CODE>"$1" "$2" <small>...</small></CODE>.
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+When there are no positional parameters, <CODE>"$@"</CODE> and
+<CODE>$@</CODE>
+expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX50"></A>
+<DT><CODE>#</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX51"></A>
+Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX52"></A>
+<DT><CODE>?</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX53"></A>
+Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
+pipeline.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX54"></A>
+<DT><CODE>-</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX55"></A>
+(A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
+invocation, by the <CODE>set</CODE>
+builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
+(such as the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX56"></A>
+<DT><CODE>$</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX57"></A>
+Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a <CODE>()</CODE> subshell, it
+expands to the process ID of the invoking shell, not the subshell.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX58"></A>
+<DT><CODE>!</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX59"></A>
+Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background
+(asynchronous) command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX60"></A>
+<DT><CODE>0</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
+Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be
+executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
+to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX62"></A>
+<DT><CODE>_</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX63"></A>
+(An underscore.)
+At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
+shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
+or argument list.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
+after expansion.
+Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
+and placed in the environment exported to that command.
+When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Expansions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC28"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC28::-->
+<P>
+
+Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+<CODE>token</CODE>s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+<UL>
+<LI>brace expansion
+<LI>tilde expansion
+<LI>parameter and variable expansion
+<LI>command substitution
+<LI>arithmetic expansion
+<LI>word splitting
+<LI>filename expansion
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a
+ command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate
+ arguments.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from
+ words.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution
+(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
+expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
+available: <VAR>process substitution</VAR>. This is performed at the
+same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution.
+</P><P>
+
+Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion
+can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
+expand a single word to a single word.
+The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
+<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
+is performed.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Brace Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC29"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC29::-->
+<P>
+
+Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
+This mechanism is similar to
+<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
+but the file names generated need not exist.
+Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>,
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression
+between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional <VAR>postscript</VAR>.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
+the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
+to right.
+</P><P>
+
+Brace expansions may be nested.
+The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order
+is preserved.
+For example,
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash$ echo a{d,c,b}e
+ade ace abe
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+A sequence expression takes the form <CODE>{<VAR>x</VAR>..<VAR>y</VAR>[<VAR>incr</VAR>]}</CODE>,
+where <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> are either integers or single characters,
+and <VAR>incr</VAR>, an optional increment, is an integer.
+When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
+<VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive.
+Supplied integers may be prefixed with <SAMP>`0'</SAMP> to force each term to have the
+same width. When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
+attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
+zero-padding where necessary.
+When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
+lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive. Note that
+both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+</P><P>
+
+Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
+and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
+in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash
+does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
+expansion or the text between the braces.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string <SAMP>`${'</SAMP>
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
+and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
+sequence expression.
+Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+</P><P>
+
+A { or <SAMP>`,'</SAMP> may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+being considered part of a brace expression.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string <SAMP>`${'</SAMP>
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
+prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
+above example:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+</pre></td></tr></table>or
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Tilde Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC30"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC30::-->
+<P>
+
+If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), all of the
+characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
+if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a <VAR>tilde-prefix</VAR>.
+If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
+characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
+possible <VAR>login name</VAR>.
+If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell variable.
+If <CODE>HOME</CODE> is unset, the home directory of the user executing the
+shell is substituted instead.
+Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
+associated with the specified login name.
+</P><P>
+
+If the tilde-prefix is <SAMP>`~+'</SAMP>, the value of
+the shell variable <CODE>PWD</CODE> replaces the tilde-prefix.
+If the tilde-prefix is <SAMP>`~-'</SAMP>, the value of the shell variable
+<CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>, if it is set, is substituted.
+</P><P>
+
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
+number <VAR>N</VAR>, optionally prefixed by a <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>,
+the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
+corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
+by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
+leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed.
+</P><P>
+
+If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
+left unchanged.
+</P><P>
+
+Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
+following a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> or the first <SAMP>`='</SAMP>.
+In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
+Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+<CODE>PATH</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>,
+and the shell assigns the expanded value.
+</P><P>
+
+The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>~</CODE>
+<DD>The value of <CODE>$HOME</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>~/foo</CODE>
+<DD><TT>`$HOME/foo'</TT>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~fred/foo</CODE>
+<DD>The subdirectory <CODE>foo</CODE> of the home directory of the user
+<CODE>fred</CODE>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~+/foo</CODE>
+<DD><TT>`$PWD/foo'</TT>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~-/foo</CODE>
+<DD><TT>`${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo'</TT>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The string that would be displayed by <SAMP>`dirs +<VAR>N</VAR>'</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The string that would be displayed by <SAMP>`dirs +<VAR>N</VAR>'</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>~-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The string that would be displayed by <SAMP>`dirs -<VAR>N</VAR>'</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Parameter Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC31"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC31::-->
+<P>
+
+The <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> character introduces parameter expansion,
+command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
+or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
+are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
+characters immediately following it which could be
+interpreted as part of the name.
+</P><P>
+
+When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first <SAMP>`}'</SAMP>
+not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
+expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+The basic form of parameter expansion is ${<VAR>parameter</VAR>}.
+The value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is substituted. The braces are required
+when <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
+or when <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is followed by a character that is not to be
+interpreted as part of its name.
+</P><P>
+
+If the first character of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an exclamation point,
+a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR> as the name of the variable; this variable is then
+expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
+than the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> itself.
+This is known as <CODE>indirect expansion</CODE>.
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix*</VAR>}
+and ${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}
+described below.
+The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+introduce indirection.
+</P><P>
+
+In each of the cases below, <VAR>word</VAR> is subject to tilde expansion,
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both <VAR>parameter</VAR>'s existence and that its value
+is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:-<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is unset or null, the expansion of
+<VAR>word</VAR> is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR> is substituted.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:=<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is unset or null, the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
+is assigned to <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+The value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is then substituted.
+Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to
+in this way.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is null or unset, the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> (or a message
+to that effect if <VAR>word</VAR>
+is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
+is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is
+substituted.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:+<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
+<VAR>word</VAR> is substituted.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:<VAR>offset</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:<VAR>offset</VAR>:<VAR>length</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>Expands to up to <VAR>length</VAR> characters of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+<VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
+<P>
+
+<VAR>length</VAR> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+If <VAR>offset</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
+is used as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the result is <VAR>length</VAR> positional
+parameters beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an indexed array name subscripted
+by <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the result is the <VAR>length</VAR>
+members of the array beginning with <CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>[<VAR>offset</VAR>]}</CODE>.
+A negative <VAR>offset</VAR> is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
+index of the specified array.
+Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
+results.
+</P><P>
+
+Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
+one space to avoid being confused with the <SAMP>`:-'</SAMP> expansion.
+Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
+are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
+If <VAR>offset</VAR> is 0, and the positional parameters are used, <CODE>$@</CODE> is
+prefixed to the list.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${!<VAR>prefix</VAR>*}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${!<VAR>prefix</VAR>@}</CODE>
+<DD>Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>,
+separated by the first character of the <CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable.
+When <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+variable name expands to a separate word.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${!<VAR>name</VAR>[*]}</CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>name</VAR> is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
+(keys) assigned in <VAR>name</VAR>.
+If <VAR>name</VAR> is not an array, expands to 0 if <VAR>name</VAR> is set and null
+otherwise.
+When <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+key expands to a separate word.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${#<VAR>parameter</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>The length in characters of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is
+substituted.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the value substituted
+is the number of positional parameters.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an array name subscripted by <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>,
+the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>#<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>##<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>word</VAR>
+is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches
+the beginning of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>,
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> case) deleted.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an array variable subscripted with
+<SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>%<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>%%<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>word</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR>, then the result of the expansion is the value of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR> with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> case)
+or the longest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP> case) deleted.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is an array variable subscripted with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>/<VAR>pattern</VAR>/<VAR>string</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><P>
+
+The <VAR>pattern</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+<VAR>Parameter</VAR> is expanded and the longest match of <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+against its value is replaced with <VAR>string</VAR>.
+If <VAR>pattern</VAR> begins with <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, all matches of <VAR>pattern</VAR> are
+replaced with <VAR>string</VAR>. Normally only the first match is replaced.
+If <VAR>pattern</VAR> begins with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, it must match at the beginning
+of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+If <VAR>pattern</VAR> begins with <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, it must match at the end
+of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+If <VAR>string</VAR> is null, matches of <VAR>pattern</VAR> are deleted
+and the <CODE>/</CODE> following <VAR>pattern</VAR> may be omitted.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the substitution operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is an array variable subscripted with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>^<VAR>pattern</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>^^<VAR>pattern</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>,<VAR>pattern</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>,,<VAR>pattern</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+The <VAR>pattern</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+The <SAMP>`^'</SAMP> operator converts lowercase letters matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+to uppercase; the <SAMP>`,'</SAMP> operator converts matching uppercase letters
+to lowercase.
+The <SAMP>`^^'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`,,'</SAMP> expansions convert each matched character in the
+expanded value; the <SAMP>`^'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`,'</SAMP> expansions match and convert only
+the first character in the expanded value.
+If <VAR>pattern</VAR> is omitted, it is treated like a <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, which matches
+every character.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the case modification operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is an array variable subscripted with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
+the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Substitution"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC32"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC32::-->
+<P>
+
+Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
+the command itself.
+Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$(<VAR>command</VAR>)
+</pre></td></tr></table>or
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>`<VAR>command</VAR>`
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Bash performs the expansion by executing <VAR>command</VAR> and
+replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
+command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
+Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
+word splitting.
+The command substitution <CODE>$(cat <VAR>file</VAR>)</CODE> can be
+replaced by the equivalent but faster <CODE>$(< <VAR>file</VAR>)</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
+backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
+<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>.
+The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
+command substitution.
+When using the <CODE>$(<VAR>command</VAR>)</CODE> form, all characters between
+the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+</P><P>
+
+Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
+form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+</P><P>
+
+If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+filename expansion are not performed on the results.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Arithmetic Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC33"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC33::-->
+<P>
+
+Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$(( <VAR>expression</VAR> ))
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but
+a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command
+substitution, and quote removal.
+Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+</P><P>
+
+The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
+failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Process Substitution"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC34"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC34::-->
+<P>
+
+Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
+pipes (FIFOs) or the <TT>`/dev/fd'</TT> method of naming open files.
+It takes the form of
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><(<VAR>list</VAR>)
+</pre></td></tr></table>or
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>>(<VAR>list</VAR>)
+</pre></td></tr></table>The process <VAR>list</VAR> is run with its input or output connected to a
+FIFO or some file in <TT>`/dev/fd'</TT>. The name of this file is
+passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+expansion. If the <CODE>>(<VAR>list</VAR>)</CODE> form is used, writing to
+the file will provide input for <VAR>list</VAR>. If the
+<CODE><(<VAR>list</VAR>)</CODE> form is used, the file passed as an
+argument should be read to obtain the output of <VAR>list</VAR>.
+Note that no space may appear between the <CODE><</CODE> or <CODE>></CODE>
+and the left parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted
+as a redirection.
+</P><P>
+
+When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Word Splitting"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC35"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC35::-->
+<P>
+
+The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
+and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for
+word splitting.
+</P><P>
+
+The shell treats each character of <CODE>$IFS</CODE> as a delimiter, and splits
+the results of the other expansions into words on these characters.
+If <CODE>IFS</CODE> is unset, or its value is exactly <CODE><space><tab><newline></CODE>,
+the default, then sequences of
+<CODE> <space></CODE>, <CODE><tab></CODE>, and <CODE><newline></CODE>
+at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+expansions are ignored, and any sequence of <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
+If <CODE>IFS</CODE> has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+the whitespace characters <CODE>space</CODE> and <CODE>tab</CODE>
+are ignored at the beginning and end of the
+word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
+value of <CODE>IFS</CODE> (an <CODE>IFS</CODE> whitespace character).
+Any character in <CODE>IFS</CODE> that is not <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+whitespace, along with any adjacent <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+If the value of <CODE>IFS</CODE> is null, no word splitting occurs.
+</P><P>
+
+Explicit null arguments (<CODE>""</CODE> or <CODE>"</CODE>) are retained.
+Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
+parameters that have no values, are removed.
+If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
+null argument results and is retained.
+</P><P>
+
+Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
+is performed.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Filename Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC36"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC36::-->
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX66"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX67"></A>
+<P>
+
+After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
+<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>.
+If one of these characters appears, then the word is
+regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
+and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
+file names matching the pattern. If no matching file names are found,
+and the shell option <CODE>nullglob</CODE> is disabled, the word is left
+unchanged.
+If the <CODE>nullglob</CODE> option is set, and no matches are found, the word
+is removed.
+If the <CODE>failglob</CODE> shell option is set, and no matches are found,
+an error message is printed and the command is not executed.
+If the shell option <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE> is enabled, the match is performed
+without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
+</P><P>
+
+When a pattern is used for filename generation, the character <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>
+at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
+must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option <CODE>dotglob</CODE> is set.
+When matching a file name, the slash character must always be
+matched explicitly.
+In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
+</P><P>
+
+See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
+for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>,
+<CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options.
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
+pattern. If <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
+<CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> is removed from the list of matches. The filenames
+<TT>`.'</TT> and <TT>`..'</TT>
+are always ignored when <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+is set and not null.
+However, setting <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> to a non-null value has the effect of
+enabling the <CODE>dotglob</CODE>
+shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
+<SAMP>`.'</SAMP> will match.
+To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
+<SAMP>`.'</SAMP>, make <SAMP>`.*'</SAMP> one of the patterns in <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>.
+The <CODE>dotglob</CODE> option is disabled when <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+is unset.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Pattern Matching"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC37"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC37::-->
+<P>
+
+Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+characters described below, matches itself.
+The NUL character may not occur in a pattern.
+A backslash escapes the following character; the
+escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
+The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched
+literally.
+</P><P>
+
+The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
+<DD>Matches any string, including the null string.
+When the <CODE>globstar</CODE> shell option is enabled, and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is used in
+a filename expansion context, two adjacent <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>s used as a single
+pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
+subdirectories.
+If followed by a <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, two adjacent <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>s will match only
+directories and subdirectories.
+<DT><CODE>?</CODE>
+<DD>Matches any single character.
+<DT><CODE>[<small>...</small>]</CODE>
+<DD>Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
+separated by a hyphen denotes a <VAR>range expression</VAR>;
+any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
+is matched. If the first character following the
+<SAMP>`['</SAMP> is a <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> or a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>
+then any character not enclosed is matched. A <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>
+may be matched by including it as the first or last character
+in the set. A <SAMP>`]'</SAMP> may be matched by including it as the first
+character in the set.
+The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
+the current locale and the value of the <CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> shell variable,
+if set.
+<P>
+
+For example, in the default C locale, <SAMP>`[a-dx-z]'</SAMP> is equivalent to
+<SAMP>`[abcdxyz]'</SAMP>. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in
+these locales <SAMP>`[a-dx-z]'</SAMP> is typically not equivalent to <SAMP>`[abcdxyz]'</SAMP>;
+it might be equivalent to <SAMP>`[aBbCcDdxXyYz]'</SAMP>, for example. To obtain
+the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can
+force the use of the C locale by setting the <CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> or
+<CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> environment variable to the value <SAMP>`C'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+Within <SAMP>`['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]'</SAMP>, <VAR>character classes</VAR> can be specified
+using the syntax
+<CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>class</VAR><CODE>:]</CODE>, where <VAR>class</VAR> is one of the
+following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
+print punct space upper word xdigit
+</pre></td></tr></table>A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+The <CODE>word</CODE> character class matches letters, digits, and the character
+<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+Within <SAMP>`['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]'</SAMP>, an <VAR>equivalence class</VAR> can be
+specified using the syntax <CODE>[=</CODE><VAR>c</VAR><CODE>=]</CODE>, which
+matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined
+by the current locale) as the character <VAR>c</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+Within <SAMP>`['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]'</SAMP>, the syntax <CODE>[.</CODE><VAR>symbol</VAR><CODE>.]</CODE>
+matches the collating symbol <VAR>symbol</VAR>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If the <CODE>extglob</CODE> shell option is enabled using the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
+In the following description, a <VAR>pattern-list</VAR> is a list of one
+or more patterns separated by a <SAMP>`|'</SAMP>.
+Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
+sub-patterns:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>?(<VAR>pattern-list</VAR>)</CODE>
+<DD>Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>*(<VAR>pattern-list</VAR>)</CODE>
+<DD>Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>+(<VAR>pattern-list</VAR>)</CODE>
+<DD>Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>@(<VAR>pattern-list</VAR>)</CODE>
+<DD>Matches one of the given patterns.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!(<VAR>pattern-list</VAR>)</CODE>
+<DD>Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Quote Removal"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC38"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC38::-->
+<P>
+
+After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
+characters <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`''</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> that did not
+result from one of the above expansions are removed.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Redirections"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC39"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC39::-->
+<P>
+
+Before a command is executed, its input and output
+may be <VAR>redirected</VAR>
+using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
+Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
+current shell execution environment. The following redirection
+operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
+simple command or may follow a command.
+Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
+left to right.
+</P><P>
+
+In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
+omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
+<SAMP>`<'</SAMP>, the redirection refers to the standard input (file
+descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator
+is <SAMP>`>'</SAMP>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
+descriptor 1).
+</P><P>
+
+The word following the redirection operator in the following
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
+tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word splitting.
+If it expands to more than one word, Bash reports an error.
+</P><P>
+
+Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
+the command
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls > <VAR>dirlist</VAR> 2>&1
+</pre></td></tr></table>directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error
+(file descriptor 2) to the file <VAR>dirlist</VAR>, while the command
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls 2>&1 > <VAR>dirlist</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>directs only the standard output to file <VAR>dirlist</VAR>,
+because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+before the standard output was redirected to <VAR>dirlist</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+redirections, as described in the following table:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>/dev/fd/<VAR>fd</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>fd</VAR> is a valid integer, file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR> is duplicated.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>/dev/stdin</CODE>
+<DD>File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>/dev/stdout</CODE>
+<DD>File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>/dev/stderr</CODE>
+<DD>File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>host</VAR> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <VAR>port</VAR>
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>If <VAR>host</VAR> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <VAR>port</VAR>
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+</P><P>
+
+Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
+internally.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC40"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC40::-->
+Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
+to be opened for reading on file descriptor <CODE>n</CODE>,
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if <CODE>n</CODE>
+is not specified.
+<P>
+
+The general format for redirecting input is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<<VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC41"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC41::-->
+Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
+to be opened for writing on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <VAR>n</VAR>
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
+if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
+<P>
+
+The general format for redirecting output is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]>[|]<VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If the redirection operator is <SAMP>`>'</SAMP>, and the <CODE>noclobber</CODE>
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin has been enabled, the redirection
+will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of
+<VAR>word</VAR> exists and is a regular file.
+If the redirection operator is <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP>, or the redirection operator is
+<SAMP>`>'</SAMP> and the <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is not enabled, the redirection
+is attempted even if the file named by <VAR>word</VAR> exists.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC42"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC42::-->
+Redirection of output in this fashion
+causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
+to be opened for appending on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <VAR>n</VAR>
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+<P>
+
+The general format for appending output is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]>><VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC43"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC43::-->
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be redirected to the file whose name is the
+expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
+standard error:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>&><VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>and
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>>&<VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
+This is semantically equivalent to
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>><VAR>word</VAR> 2>&1
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC44::-->
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be appended to the file whose name is the
+expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>&>><VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>This is semantically equivalent to
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>>><VAR>word</VAR> 2>&1
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC45::-->
+This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR>
+(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
+the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
+input for a command.
+<P>
+
+The format of here-documents is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<[-]<VAR>word</VAR>
+ <VAR>here-document</VAR>
+<VAR>delimiter</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+or filename expansion is performed on
+<VAR>word</VAR>. If any characters in <VAR>word</VAR> are quoted, the
+<VAR>delimiter</VAR> is the result of quote removal on <VAR>word</VAR>,
+and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If <VAR>word</VAR> is unquoted,
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter
+case, the character sequence <CODE>\newline</CODE> is ignored, and <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>
+must be used to quote the characters
+<SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>``'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+If the redirection operator is <SAMP>`<<-'</SAMP>,
+then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
+line containing <VAR>delimiter</VAR>.
+This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+natural fashion.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC46::-->
+A variant of here documents, the format is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The <VAR>word</VAR> is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
+input.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC47::-->
+The redirection operator
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
+If <VAR>word</VAR>
+expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by <VAR>n</VAR>
+is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
+If the digits in <VAR>word</VAR> do not specify a file descriptor open for
+input, a redirection error occurs.
+If <VAR>word</VAR>
+evaluates to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR> is closed. If
+<VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+<P>
+
+The operator
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]>&<VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
+<VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
+If the digits in <VAR>word</VAR> do not specify a file descriptor open for
+output, a redirection error occurs.
+As a special case, if <VAR>n</VAR> is omitted, and <VAR>word</VAR> does not
+expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+error are redirected as described previously.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC48::-->
+The redirection operator
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>-
+</pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified.
+<VAR>digit</VAR> is closed after being duplicated to <VAR>n</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+Similarly, the redirection operator
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]>&<VAR>digit</VAR>-
+</pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC49::-->
+The redirection operator
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
+to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
+<VAR>n</VAR>, or on file descriptor 0 if <VAR>n</VAR>
+is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Executing Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC50::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
+ executing them.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
+ executes commands that are not
+ shell builtins.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
+ interprets it.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+ receives a signal.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC51::-->
+<P>
+
+When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
+preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
+processing.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
+the arguments.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The text after the <SAMP>`='</SAMP> in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
+of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
+If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
+</P><P>
+
+If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+command to exit with a non-zero status.
+</P><P>
+
+If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
+contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
+the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
+were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC52::-->
+<P>
+
+After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
+simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
+actions are taken.
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
+locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
+function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
+it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
+builtin is invoked.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
+and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of
+<CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file
+by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
+pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>
+is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+function named <CODE>command_not_found_handle</CODE>.
+If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
+exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
+If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+message and returns an exit status of 127.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
+one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in
+a separate execution environment.
+Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
+to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
+format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
+<VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for
+the command to complete and collects its exit status.
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC53::-->
+<P>
+
+The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the
+following:
+</P><P>
+
+<UL>
+<LI>
+open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+redirections supplied to the <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+the current working directory as set by <CODE>cd</CODE>, <CODE>pushd</CODE>, or
+<CODE>popd</CODE>, or inherited by the shell at invocation
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+the file creation mode mask as set by <CODE>umask</CODE> or inherited from
+the shell's parent
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+current traps set by <CODE>trap</CODE>
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with <CODE>set</CODE>
+or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
+parent in the environment
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
+arguments) or by <CODE>set</CODE>
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>)
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+various process IDs, including those of background jobs
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>), the value of <CODE>$$</CODE>, and the value of
+<CODE>$PPID</CODE>
+<P>
+
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
+is to be executed, it
+is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
+the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
+from the shell.
+</P><P>
+
+<UL>
+<LI>
+the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
+by redirections to the command
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+the current working directory
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+the file creation mode mask
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
+shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+<P>
+
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+shell's execution environment.
+</P><P>
+
+Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
+and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
+subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
+except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
+that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
+commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed
+in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
+cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+</P><P>
+
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode,
+Bash clears the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option in such subshells.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command is followed by a <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> and job control is not active, the
+default standard input for the command is the empty file <TT>`/dev/null'</TT>.
+Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
+shell as modified by redirections.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Environment"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC54::-->
+<P>
+
+When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
+called the <VAR>environment</VAR>.
+This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form <CODE>name=value</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
+On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
+creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
+it for <VAR>export</VAR>
+to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
+The <CODE>export</CODE> and <SAMP>`declare -x'</SAMP>
+commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
+in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
+of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
+inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
+initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
+less any pairs removed by the <CODE>unset</CODE> and <SAMP>`export -n'</SAMP>
+commands, plus any additions via the <CODE>export</CODE> and
+<SAMP>`declare -x'</SAMP> commands.
+</P><P>
+
+The environment for any simple command
+or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
+parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>.
+These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
+by that command.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
+parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
+not just those that precede the command name.
+</P><P>
+
+When Bash invokes an external command, the variable <SAMP>`$_'</SAMP>
+is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that
+command in its environment.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Exit Status"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC55::-->
+<P>
+
+The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+<VAR>waitpid</VAR> system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
+fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
+use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
+compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
+circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
+failure modes.
+</P><P>
+
+For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
+zero exit status has succeeded.
+A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
+This seemingly counter-intuitive scheme is used so there
+is one well-defined way to indicate success and a variety of
+ways to indicate various failure modes.
+When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is <VAR>N</VAR>,
+Bash uses the value 128+<VAR>N</VAR> as the exit status.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command is not found, the child process created to
+execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
+but is not executable, the return status is 126.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+the exit status is greater than zero.
+</P><P>
+
+The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) and some of the list
+constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed
+and a non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the
+conditional and list constructs.
+All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Signals"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC56"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC56::-->
+<P>
+
+When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+<CODE>SIGTERM</CODE> (so that <SAMP>`kill 0'</SAMP> does not kill an interactive shell),
+and <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>
+is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible).
+When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops.
+In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>.
+If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
+ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the
+values inherited by the shell from its parent.
+When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
+ignore <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> and <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE> in addition to these inherited
+handlers.
+Commands run as a result of
+command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals
+<CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+The shell exits by default upon receipt of a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
+Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to
+all jobs, running or stopped.
+Stopped jobs are sent <CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> to ensure that they receive
+the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
+To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a
+particular job, it should be removed
+from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE>
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
+to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
+an interactive login shell exits.
+</P><P>
+
+If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
+for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
+the command completes.
+When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous
+command via the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin, the reception of a signal for
+which a trap has been set will cause the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin to return
+immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after
+which the trap is executed.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC57::-->
+<P>
+
+A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
+a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
+and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
+mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
+searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
+directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE> if not found there.
+</P><P>
+
+When Bash runs
+a shell script, it sets the special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> to the name
+of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional
+parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given.
+If no additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters
+are unset.
+</P><P>
+
+A shell script may be made executable by using the <CODE>chmod</CODE> command
+to turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while
+searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a command, it spawns a subshell to
+execute it. In other words, executing
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>filename <VAR>arguments</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>is equivalent to executing
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash filename <VAR>arguments</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+if <CODE>filename</CODE> is an executable shell script.
+This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
+new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
+exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+are retained by the child.
+</P><P>
+
+Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command
+execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with
+the two characters <SAMP>`#!'</SAMP>, the remainder of the line specifies
+an interpreter for the program.
+Thus, you can specify Bash, <CODE>awk</CODE>, Perl, or some other
+interpreter and write the rest of the script file in that language.
+</P><P>
+
+The arguments to the interpreter
+consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter
+name on the first line of the script file, followed by the name of
+the script file, followed by the rest of the arguments. Bash
+will perform this action on operating systems that do not handle it
+themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the interpreter
+name and argument to a maximum of 32 characters.
+</P><P>
+
+Bash scripts often begin with <CODE>#! /bin/bash</CODE> (assuming that
+Bash has been installed in <TT>`/bin'</TT>), since this ensures that
+Bash will be used to interpret the script, even if it is executed
+under another shell.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC58::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+ Shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
+ optional behavior.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
+ POSIX.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.
+When the name of a builtin command is used as the first word of
+a simple command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>), the shell executes
+the command directly, without invoking another program.
+Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities.
+</P><P>
+
+This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from
+the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique
+to or have been extended in Bash.
+</P><P>
+
+Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
+commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash.
+</P><P>
+
+Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting
+options preceded by <SAMP>`-'</SAMP> accepts <SAMP>`--'</SAMP>
+to signify the end of the options.
+For example, the <CODE>:</CODE>, <CODE>true</CODE>, <CODE>false</CODE>, and <CODE>test</CODE>
+builtins do not accept options.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC59::-->
+<P>
+
+The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
+These commands are implemented as specified by the POSIX standard.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>: (a colon)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>: [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Do nothing beyond expanding <VAR>arguments</VAR> and performing redirections.
+The return status is zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>. (a period)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX69"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>. <VAR>filename</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Read and execute commands from the <VAR>filename</VAR> argument in the
+current shell context. If <VAR>filename</VAR> does not contain a slash,
+the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is used to find <VAR>filename</VAR>.
+When Bash is not in POSIX mode, the current directory is searched
+if <VAR>filename</VAR> is not found in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+If any <VAR>arguments</VAR> are supplied, they become the positional
+parameters when <VAR>filename</VAR> is executed. Otherwise the positional
+parameters are unchanged.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no commands are executed. If <VAR>filename</VAR> is not found, or
+cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
+This builtin is equivalent to <CODE>source</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>break</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX70"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>break [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Exit from a <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>, <CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop is exited.
+<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>cd</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|-P] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell
+variable is used.
+If the shell variable <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used.
+<P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
+links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+If a non-empty directory name from <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is used, or if
+<SAMP>`-'</SAMP> is the first argument, and the directory change is
+successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
+written to the standard output.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed,
+non-zero otherwise.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>continue</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX72"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>continue [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the next iteration of an enclosing <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>,
+<CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the execution of the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop
+is resumed.
+<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>eval</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX73"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>eval [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
+then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
+of <CODE>eval</CODE>.
+If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
+zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>exec</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX74"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exec [-cl] [-a <VAR>name</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]]
+</pre></td></tr></table>If <VAR>command</VAR>
+is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
+If the <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
+beginning of the zeroth argument passed to <VAR>command</VAR>.
+This is what the <CODE>login</CODE> program does.
+The <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option causes <VAR>command</VAR> to be executed with an empty
+environment.
+If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is supplied, the shell passes <VAR>name</VAR> as the zeroth
+argument to <VAR>command</VAR>.
+If no <VAR>command</VAR> is specified, redirections may be used to affect
+the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
+return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>exit</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX75"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exit [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Exit the shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's parent.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
+Any trap on <CODE>EXIT</CODE> is executed before the shell terminates.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>export</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX76"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>export [-fn] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> to be passed to child processes
+in the environment. If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, the <VAR>name</VAR>s
+refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
+The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option means to no longer mark each <VAR>name</VAR> for export.
+If no <VAR>names</VAR> are supplied, or if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is given, a
+list of exported names is displayed.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of
+the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the names is not a valid shell variable name, or <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is supplied
+with a name that is not a shell function.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>getopts</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX77"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>getopts <VAR>optstring</VAR> <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>getopts</CODE> is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
+<VAR>optstring</VAR> contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
+character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
+argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+The colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) and question mark (<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>) may not be
+used as option characters.
+Each time it is invoked, <CODE>getopts</CODE>
+places the next option in the shell variable <VAR>name</VAR>, initializing
+<VAR>name</VAR> if it does not exist,
+and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
+variable <CODE>OPTIND</CODE>.
+<CODE>OPTIND</CODE> is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
+is invoked.
+When an option requires an argument,
+<CODE>getopts</CODE> places that argument into the variable <CODE>OPTARG</CODE>.
+The shell does not reset <CODE>OPTIND</CODE> automatically; it must be manually
+reset between multiple calls to <CODE>getopts</CODE> within the same shell
+invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
+<P>
+
+When the end of options is encountered, <CODE>getopts</CODE> exits with a
+return value greater than zero.
+<CODE>OPTIND</CODE> is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
+and <CODE>name</CODE> is set to <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+<CODE>getopts</CODE>
+normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
+given in <VAR>args</VAR>, <CODE>getopts</CODE> parses those instead.
+</P><P>
+
+<CODE>getopts</CODE> can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
+<VAR>optstring</VAR> is a colon, <VAR>silent</VAR>
+error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
+encountered.
+If the variable <CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
+is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
+character of <CODE>optstring</CODE> is not a colon.
+</P><P>
+
+If an invalid option is seen,
+<CODE>getopts</CODE> places <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> into <VAR>name</VAR> and, if not silent,
+prints an error message and unsets <CODE>OPTARG</CODE>.
+If <CODE>getopts</CODE> is silent, the option character found is placed in
+<CODE>OPTARG</CODE> and no diagnostic message is printed.
+</P><P>
+
+If a required argument is not found, and <CODE>getopts</CODE>
+is not silent, a question mark (<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>) is placed in <VAR>name</VAR>,
+<CODE>OPTARG</CODE> is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
+If <CODE>getopts</CODE> is silent, then a colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) is placed in
+<VAR>name</VAR> and <CODE>OPTARG</CODE> is set to the option character found.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>hash</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>hash [-r] [-p <VAR>filename</VAR>] [-dt] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments,
+so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
+The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
+<CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option inhibits the path search, and <VAR>filename</VAR> is
+used as the location of <VAR>name</VAR>.
+The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.
+The <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option causes the shell to forget the remembered location
+of each <VAR>name</VAR>.
+If the <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
+<VAR>name</VAR> corresponds is printed. If multiple <VAR>name</VAR> arguments are
+supplied with <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> the <VAR>name</VAR> is printed before the hashed
+full pathname.
+The <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+If no arguments are given, or if only <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> is supplied,
+information about remembered commands is printed.
+The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not found or an invalid
+option is supplied.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>pwd</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX79"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pwd [-LP]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+If the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
+contain symbolic links.
+If the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
+symbolic links.
+The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
+determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
+is supplied.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>readonly</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readonly [-aApf] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]] <small>...</small>
+</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> as readonly.
+The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
+If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell
+function.
+The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to an indexed
+array variable; the <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> option means each <VAR>name</VAR> refers
+to an associative array variable.
+If no <VAR>name</VAR> arguments are given, or if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>
+option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a format that
+may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of
+the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the <VAR>name</VAR> arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
+or the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>return</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX81"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>return [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Cause a shell function to exit with the return value <VAR>n</VAR>.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the function.
+This may also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed
+with the <CODE>.</CODE> (or <CODE>source</CODE>) builtin, returning either <VAR>n</VAR> or
+the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
+status of the script.
+Any command associated with the <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap is executed
+before execution resumes after the function or script.
+The return status is non-zero if <CODE>return</CODE> is used outside a function
+and not during the execution of a script by <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>shift</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shift [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Shift the positional parameters to the left by <VAR>n</VAR>.
+The positional parameters from <VAR>n</VAR>+1 <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE> are
+renamed to <CODE>$1</CODE> <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>.
+Parameters represented by the numbers <CODE>$#</CODE> to <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>+1
+are unset.
+<VAR>n</VAR> must be a non-negative number less than or equal to <CODE>$#</CODE>.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is zero or greater than <CODE>$#</CODE>, the positional parameters
+are not changed.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
+The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is greater than <CODE>$#</CODE> or
+less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>test</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>[</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX84"></A>
+Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
+Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
+<P>
+
+When the <CODE>[</CODE> form is used, the last argument to the command must
+be a <CODE>]</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in
+decreasing order of precedence.
+The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>! <VAR>expr</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>expr</VAR> is false.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>( <VAR>expr</VAR> )</CODE>
+<DD>Returns the value of <VAR>expr</VAR>.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>expr1</VAR> -a <VAR>expr2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if both <VAR>expr1</VAR> and <VAR>expr2</VAR> are true.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>expr1</VAR> -o <VAR>expr2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if either <VAR>expr1</VAR> or <VAR>expr2</VAR> is true.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>test</CODE> and <CODE>[</CODE> builtins evaluate conditional
+expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>0 arguments
+<DD>The expression is false.
+<P>
+
+<DT>1 argument
+<DD>The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
+<P>
+
+<DT>2 arguments
+<DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and
+only if the second argument is null.
+If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
+is true if the unary test is true.
+If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
+false.
+<P>
+
+<DT>3 arguments
+<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
+result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
+first and third arguments as operands.
+The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators
+when there are three arguments.
+If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the value is the negation of
+the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+If the first argument is exactly <SAMP>`('</SAMP> and the third argument is
+exactly <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>, the result is the one-argument test of the second
+argument.
+Otherwise, the expression is false.
+<P>
+
+<DT>4 arguments
+<DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the result is the negation of
+the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
+Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+precedence using the rules listed above.
+<P>
+
+<DT>5 or more arguments
+<DD>The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
+using the rules listed above.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>times</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times
+</pre></td></tr></table>Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
+The return status is zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>trap</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>trap [-lp] [<VAR>arg</VAR>] [<VAR>sigspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>The commands in <VAR>arg</VAR> are to be read and executed when the
+shell receives signal <VAR>sigspec</VAR>. If <VAR>arg</VAR> is absent (and
+there is a single <VAR>sigspec</VAR>) or
+equal to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, each specified signal's disposition is reset
+to the value it had when the shell was started.
+If <VAR>arg</VAR> is the null string, then the signal specified by
+each <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
+If <VAR>arg</VAR> is not present and <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> has been supplied,
+the shell displays the trap commands associated with each <VAR>sigspec</VAR>.
+If no arguments are supplied, or
+only <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is given, <CODE>trap</CODE> prints the list of commands
+associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
+shell input.
+The <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
+and their corresponding numbers.
+Each <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a signal name or a signal number.
+Signal names are case insensitive and the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix is optional.
+If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR>
+is <CODE>0</CODE> or <CODE>EXIT</CODE>, <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed when the shell exits.
+If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed
+before every simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command,
+<CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+Refer to the description of the <CODE>extglob</CODE> option to the
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
+effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
+If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>ERR</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR>
+is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+subject to the following conditions.
+The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+command list immediately following an <CODE>until</CODE> or <CODE>while</CODE> keyword,
+part of the test in an <CODE>if</CODE> statement,
+part of a command executed in a <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE> list,
+or if the command's return
+status is being inverted using <CODE>!</CODE>.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the <CODE>errexit</CODE> option.
+If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>RETURN</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed
+each time a shell function or a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or
+<CODE>source</CODE> builtins finishes executing.
+<P>
+
+Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
+values in a child process when it is created.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero unless a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> does not specify a
+valid signal.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>umask</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX87"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>umask [-p] [-S] [<VAR>mode</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Set the shell process's file creation mask to <VAR>mode</VAR>. If
+<VAR>mode</VAR> begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
+if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
+to that accepted by the <CODE>chmod</CODE> command. If <VAR>mode</VAR> is
+omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. If the <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP>
+option is supplied without a <VAR>mode</VAR> argument, the mask is printed
+in a symbolic format.
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied, and <VAR>mode</VAR>
+is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
+The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
+no <VAR>mode</VAR> argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
+<P>
+
+Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
+of the umask is subtracted from <CODE>7</CODE>. Thus, a umask of <CODE>022</CODE>
+results in permissions of <CODE>755</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>unset</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unset [-fv] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Each variable or function <VAR>name</VAR> is removed.
+If no options are supplied, or the <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is given, each
+<VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell variable.
+If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is given, the <VAR>name</VAR>s refer to shell
+functions, and the function definition is removed.
+Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.
+The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is readonly.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC60::-->
+<P>
+
+This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
+or have been extended in Bash.
+Some of these commands are specified in the POSIX standard.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>alias</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX89"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alias [<CODE>-p</CODE>] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Without arguments or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, <CODE>alias</CODE> prints
+the list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows
+them to be reused as input.
+If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR>
+whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name
+and value of the alias is printed.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-lpsvPSV]
+bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-q <VAR>function</VAR>] [-u <VAR>function</VAR>] [-r <VAR>keyseq</VAR>]
+bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -f <VAR>filename</VAR>
+bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -x <VAR>keyseq:shell-command</VAR>
+bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] <VAR>keyseq:function-name</VAR>
+bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+key and function bindings,
+bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
+or set a Readline variable.
+Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
+Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
+but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
+<SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-m <VAR>keymap</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Use <VAR>keymap</VAR> as the keymap to be affected by
+the subsequent bindings. Acceptable <VAR>keymap</VAR>
+names are
+<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi-move</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and
+<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>.
+<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>;
+<CODE>emacs</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>List the names of all Readline functions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-P</CODE>
+<DD>List current Readline function names and bindings.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD>Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-V</CODE>
+<DD>List current Readline variable names and values.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output
+in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline
+initialization file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-S</CODE>
+<DD>Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-f <VAR>filename</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Read key bindings from <VAR>filename</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-q <VAR>function</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Query about which keys invoke the named <VAR>function</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u <VAR>function</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Unbind all keys bound to the named <VAR>function</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r <VAR>keyseq</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Remove any current binding for <VAR>keyseq</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-x <VAR>keyseq:shell-command</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Cause <VAR>shell-command</VAR> to be executed whenever <VAR>keyseq</VAR> is
+entered.
+When <VAR>shell-command</VAR> is executed, the shell sets the
+<CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> variable to the contents of the Readline line
+buffer and the <CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE> variable to the current location
+of the insertion point.
+If the executed command changes the value of <CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> or
+<CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>, those new values will be reflected in the
+editing state.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an
+error occurs.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX91"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>builtin [<VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Run a shell builtin, passing it <VAR>args</VAR>, and return its exit status.
+This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
+name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
+the function.
+The return status is non-zero if <VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> is not a shell
+builtin command.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>caller</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>caller [<VAR>expr</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins).
+<P>
+
+Without <VAR>expr</VAR>, <CODE>caller</CODE> displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as <VAR>expr</VAR>, <CODE>caller</CODE>
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+</P><P>
+
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or <VAR>expr</VAR> does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>command</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX93"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>command [-pVv] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Runs <VAR>command</VAR> with <VAR>arguments</VAR> ignoring any shell function
+named <VAR>command</VAR>.
+Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
+<CODE>PATH</CODE> are executed.
+If there is a shell function named <CODE>ls</CODE>, running <SAMP>`command ls'</SAMP>
+within the function will execute the external command <CODE>ls</CODE>
+instead of calling the function recursively.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option means to use a default value for <CODE>PATH</CODE>
+that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
+The return status in this case is 127 if <VAR>command</VAR> cannot be
+found or an error occurred, and the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>
+otherwise.
+<P>
+
+If either the <SAMP>`-V'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is supplied, a
+description of <VAR>command</VAR> is printed. The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option
+causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to
+invoke <VAR>command</VAR> to be displayed; the <SAMP>`-V'</SAMP> option produces
+a more verbose description. In this case, the return status is
+zero if <VAR>command</VAR> is found, and non-zero if not.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>declare</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Declare variables and give them attributes. If no <VAR>name</VAR>s
+are given, then display the values of variables instead.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option will display the attributes and values of each
+<VAR>name</VAR>.
+When <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is used with <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, additional options
+are ignored.
+</P><P>
+
+When <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is supplied without <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, <CODE>declare</CODE>
+will display the attributes and values of all variables having the
+attributes specified by the additional options.
+If no other options are supplied with <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>, <CODE>declare</CODE> will
+display the attributes and values of all shell variables. The <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>
+option will restrict the display to shell functions.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions;
+only the function name and attributes are printed.
+If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
+the function is defined are displayed as well.
+<SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
+The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
+the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-A</CODE>
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
+<DD>Use function names only.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
+<DD>The variable is to be treated as
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
+performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
+converted to lower-case.
+The upper-case attribute is disabled.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>Make <VAR>name</VAR>s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
+by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
+<DD>Give each <VAR>name</VAR> the <CODE>trace</CODE> attribute.
+Traced functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps from
+the calling shell.
+The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
+converted to upper-case.
+The lower-case attribute is disabled.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-x</CODE>
+<DD>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> for export to subsequent commands via
+the environment.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Using <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> instead of <SAMP>`-'</SAMP> turns off the attribute instead,
+with the exceptions that <SAMP>`+a'</SAMP>
+may not be used to destroy an array variable and <SAMP>`+r'</SAMP> will not
+remove the readonly attribute.
+When used in a function, <CODE>declare</CODE> makes each <VAR>name</VAR> local,
+as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command. If a variable name is followed by
+=<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
+an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
+using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>),
+one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name,
+an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
+or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>echo</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX95"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>echo [-neE] [<VAR>arg</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Output the <VAR>arg</VAR>s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
+newline.
+The return status is always 0.
+If <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
+If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is given, interpretation of the following
+backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+The <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP> option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
+even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+The <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option may be used to
+dynamically determine whether or not <CODE>echo</CODE> expands these
+escape characters by default.
+<CODE>echo</CODE> does not interpret <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> to mean the end of options.
+<P>
+
+<CODE>echo</CODE> interprets the following escape sequences:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
+<DD>alert (bell)
+<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
+<DD>backspace
+<DT><CODE>\c</CODE>
+<DD>suppress further output
+<DT><CODE>\e</CODE>
+<DD>escape
+<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
+<DD>form feed
+<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
+<DD>new line
+<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
+<DD>carriage return
+<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
+<DD>horizontal tab
+<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
+<DD>vertical tab
+<DT><CODE>\\</CODE>
+<DD>backslash
+<DT><CODE>\0<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
+(zero to three octal digits)
+<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
+(one or two hex digits)
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>enable</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f <VAR>filename</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
+as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
+even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+If <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> is used, the <VAR>name</VAR>s become disabled. Otherwise
+<VAR>name</VAR>s are enabled. For example, to use the <CODE>test</CODE> binary
+found via <CODE>$PATH</CODE> instead of the shell builtin version, type
+<SAMP>`enable -n test'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied, or no <VAR>name</VAR> arguments appear,
+a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
+consists of all enabled shell builtins.
+The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means to list
+each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option means to load the new builtin command <VAR>name</VAR>
+from shared object <VAR>filename</VAR>, on systems that support dynamic loading.
+The <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option will delete a builtin loaded with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
+The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special
+builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes
+a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin
+or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>help</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>help [-dms] [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
+If <VAR>pattern</VAR> is specified, <CODE>help</CODE> gives detailed help
+on all commands matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>, otherwise a list of
+the builtins is printed.
+<P>
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-d</CODE>
+<DD>Display a short description of each <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
+<DD>Display the description of each <VAR>pattern</VAR> in a manpage-like format
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Display only a short usage synopsis for each <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return status is zero unless no command matches <VAR>pattern</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>let</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
+variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
+rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
+last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
+otherwise 0 is returned.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>local</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>local [<VAR>option</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>
+</pre></td></tr></table>For each argument, a local variable named <VAR>name</VAR> is created,
+and assigned <VAR>value</VAR>.
+The <VAR>option</VAR> can be any of the options accepted by <CODE>declare</CODE>.
+<CODE>local</CODE> can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
+<VAR>name</VAR> have a visible scope restricted to that function and its
+children. The return status is zero unless <CODE>local</CODE> is used outside
+a function, an invalid <VAR>name</VAR> is supplied, or <VAR>name</VAR> is a
+readonly variable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>logout</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>logout [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Exit a login shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's
+parent.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>mapfile</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
+-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
+if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
+The variable <CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> is the default <VAR>array</VAR>.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Copy at most <VAR>count</VAR> lines. If <VAR>count</VAR> is 0, all lines are copied.
+<DT><CODE>-O</CODE>
+<DD>Begin assigning to <VAR>array</VAR> at index <VAR>origin</VAR>.
+The default index is 0.
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Discard the first <VAR>count</VAR> lines read.
+<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
+<DD>Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>Read lines from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR> instead of the standard input.
+<DT><CODE>-C</CODE>
+<DD>Evaluate <VAR>callback</VAR> each time <VAR>quantum</VAR>P lines are read.
+The <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option specifies <VAR>quantum</VAR>.
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Specify the number of lines read between each call to <VAR>callback</VAR>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> is specified without <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>,
+the default quantum is 5000.
+When <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+<VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated after the line is read but before the
+array element is assigned.
+</P><P>
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, <CODE>mapfile</CODE> will clear <VAR>array</VAR>
+before assigning to it.
+</P><P>
+
+<CODE>mapfile</CODE> returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+argument is supplied, or <VAR>array</VAR> is invalid or unassignable.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
+control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
+The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
+plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
+escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
+format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
+<VAR>argument</VAR>.
+In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <SAMP>`%b'</SAMP> causes
+<CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
+<VAR>argument</VAR>,
+(except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
+<SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes
+beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits),
+and <SAMP>`%q'</SAMP> causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
+corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+<P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+</P><P>
+
+The <VAR>format</VAR> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <VAR>arguments</VAR>.
+If the <VAR>format</VAR> requires more <VAR>arguments</VAR> than are supplied, the
+extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
+appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
+non-zero on failure.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>read</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+<VAR>fd</VAR> supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option, and the first word
+is assigned to the first <VAR>name</VAR>, the second word to the second <VAR>name</VAR>,
+and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+to the last <VAR>name</VAR>.
+If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
+the remaining names are assigned empty values.
+The characters in the value of the <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable
+are used to split the line into words.
+The backslash character <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> may be used to remove any special
+meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
+If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
+variable <CODE>REPLY</CODE>.
+The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <CODE>read</CODE>
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
+invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-a <VAR>aname</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable
+<VAR>aname</VAR>, starting at 0.
+All elements are removed from <VAR>aname</VAR> before the assignment.
+Other <VAR>name</VAR> arguments are ignored.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-d <VAR>delim</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The first character of <VAR>delim</VAR> is used to terminate the input line,
+rather than newline.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
+<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
+Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
+active) editing settings.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-i <VAR>text</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>If Readline is being used to read the line, <VAR>text</VAR> is placed into
+the editing buffer before editing begins.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n <VAR>nchars</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><CODE>read</CODE> returns after reading <VAR>nchars</VAR> characters rather than
+waiting for a complete line of input.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p <VAR>prompt</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Display <VAR>prompt</VAR>, without a trailing newline, before attempting
+to read any input.
+The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character.
+The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
+In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+continuation.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
+not echoed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-t <VAR>timeout</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Cause <CODE>read</CODE> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
+input is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
+<VAR>timeout</VAR> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+the decimal point.
+This option is only effective if <CODE>read</CODE> is reading input from a
+terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
+from regular files.
+If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns success if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise.
+The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u <VAR>fd</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Read input from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>readarray</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readarray [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
+-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
+if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
+<P>
+
+A synonym for <CODE>mapfile</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>type [-afptP] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
+command name.
+<P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> prints a single word
+which is one of <SAMP>`alias'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`function'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`builtin'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`file'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`keyword'</SAMP>,
+if <VAR>name</VAR> is an alias, shell function, shell builtin,
+disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively.
+If the <VAR>name</VAR> is not found, then nothing is printed, and
+<CODE>type</CODE> returns a failure status.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> either returns the name
+of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>
+would not return <SAMP>`file'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option forces a path search for each <VAR>name</VAR>, even if
+<SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> would not return <SAMP>`file'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command is hashed, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> print the hashed value,
+not necessarily the file that appears first in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> returns all of the places
+that contain an executable named <VAR>file</VAR>.
+This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option
+is not also used.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> does not attempt to find
+shell functions, as with the <CODE>command</CODE> builtin.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero if all of the <VAR>names</VAR> are found, non-zero
+if any are not found.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>typeset</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
+shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the <CODE>declare</CODE>
+builtin command.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>ulimit</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [<VAR>limit</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
+started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
+option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-S</CODE>
+<DD>Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
+<DD>Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD>All current limits are reported.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-b</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum socket buffer size.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum size of core files created.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-d</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum size of a process's data segment.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum scheduling priority ("nice").
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of pending signals.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum resident set size.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of open file descriptors.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>The pipe buffer size.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-q</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum stack size.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-x</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of file locks.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-T</CODE>
+<DD>The maximum number of threads.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If <VAR>limit</VAR> is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
+the special <VAR>limit</VAR> values <CODE>hard</CODE>, <CODE>soft</CODE>, and
+<CODE>unlimited</CODE> stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+and no limit, respectively.
+A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
+a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
+Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified resource
+is printed, unless the <SAMP>`-H'</SAMP> option is supplied.
+When setting new limits, if neither <SAMP>`-H'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP> is supplied,
+both the hard and soft limits are set.
+If no option is given, then <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
+increments, except for <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>, which is in seconds, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>,
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>, which
+are unscaled values.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
+or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>unalias</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unalias [-a] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small> ]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
+supplied, all aliases are removed.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC61::-->
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
+ positional parameters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC62::-->
+<P>
+
+This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE>
+allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional
+parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>set</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+If no options or arguments are supplied, <CODE>set</CODE> displays the names
+and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the
+current locale, in a format that may be reused as input
+for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
+Read-only variables cannot be reset.
+In POSIX mode, only shell variables are listed.
+</P><P>
+
+When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes.
+Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD>Mark variables and function which are modified or created for export
+to the environment of subsequent commands.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-b</CODE>
+<DD>Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
+immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
+<DD>Exit immediately if a simple command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>) exits
+with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the
+command list immediately following a <CODE>while</CODE> or <CODE>until</CODE> keyword,
+part of the test in an <CODE>if</CODE> statement,
+part of a command executed in a <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||b</CODE> list,
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
+or if the command's return status is being inverted using <CODE>!</CODE>.
+Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
+enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+cause the shell to exit.
+A trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
+<DD>Disable file name generation (globbing).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-h</CODE>
+<DD>Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-k</CODE>
+<DD>All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed
+in the environment for a command, not just those that precede
+the command name.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
+<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Read commands but do not execute them; this may be used to check a
+script for syntax errors.
+This option is ignored by interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>option-name</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><P>
+
+Set the option corresponding to <VAR>option-name</VAR>:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>allexport</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-a</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>braceexpand</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-B</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>emacs</CODE>
+<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>errexit</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-e</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>errtrace</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-E</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>functrace</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-T</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>hashall</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-h</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>histexpand</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-H</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+This option is on by default in interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>ignoreeof</CODE>
+<DD>An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>keyword</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-k</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>monitor</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-m</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>noclobber</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-C</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>noexec</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-n</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>noglob</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-f</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nolog</CODE>
+<DD>Currently ignored.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>notify</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-b</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nounset</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-u</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>onecmd</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-t</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>physical</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-P</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>pipefail</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
+(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
+commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
+This option is disabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>posix</CODE>
+<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>privileged</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-p</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>verbose</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-v</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>vi</CODE>
+<DD>Use a <CODE>vi</CODE>-style line editing interface.
+This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>xtrace</CODE>
+<DD>Same as <CODE>-x</CODE>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>Turn on privileged mode.
+In this mode, the <CODE>$BASH_ENV</CODE> and <CODE>$ENV</CODE> files are not
+processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+and the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> and <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> variables,
+if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, these actions
+are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+not reset.
+Turning this option off causes the effective user
+and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
+<DD>Exit after reading and executing one command.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>Treat unset variables as an error when performing parameter expansion.
+An error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive
+shell will exit.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD>Print shell input lines as they are read.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-x</CODE>
+<DD>Print a trace of simple commands, <CODE>for</CODE> commands, <CODE>case</CODE>
+commands, <CODE>select</CODE> commands, and arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> commands
+and their arguments or associated word lists after they are
+expanded and before they are executed. The value of the <CODE>PS4</CODE>
+variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
+the command and its expanded arguments.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-B</CODE>
+<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+This option is on by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-C</CODE>
+<DD>Prevent output redirection using <SAMP>`>'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`>&'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP>
+from overwriting existing files.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-E</CODE>
+<DD>If set, any trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE> is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+This option is on by default for interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-P</CODE>
+<DD>If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as
+<CODE>cd</CODE> which change the current directory. The physical directory
+is used instead. By default, Bash follows
+the logical chain of directories when performing commands
+which change the current directory.
+<P>
+
+For example, if <TT>`/usr/sys'</TT> is a symbolic link to <TT>`/usr/local/sys'</TT>
+then:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If <CODE>set -P</CODE> is on, then:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/local/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr/local
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-T</CODE>
+<DD>If set, any trap on <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> are inherited by
+shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed
+in a subshell environment.
+The <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps are normally not inherited
+in such cases.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--</CODE>
+<DD>If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
+unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
+<VAR>arguments</VAR>, even if some of them begin with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-</CODE>
+<DD>Signal the end of options, cause all remaining <VAR>arguments</VAR>
+to be assigned to the positional parameters. The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP>
+and <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> options are turned off.
+If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Using <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> rather than <SAMP>`-'</SAMP> causes these options to be
+turned off. The options can also be used upon invocation of the
+shell. The current set of options may be found in <CODE>$-</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+The remaining N <VAR>arguments</VAR> are positional parameters and are
+assigned, in order, to <CODE>$1</CODE>, <CODE>$2</CODE>, <small>...</small> <CODE>$N</CODE>.
+The special parameter <CODE>#</CODE> is set to N.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC63::-->
+<P>
+
+This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [<VAR>optname</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+With no options, or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, a list of all settable
+options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a form that
+may be reused as input.
+Other options have the following meanings:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Enable (set) each <VAR>optname</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>Disable (unset) each <VAR>optname</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-q</CODE>
+<DD>Suppresses normal output; the return status
+indicates whether the <VAR>optname</VAR> is set or unset.
+If multiple <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments are given with <SAMP>`-q'</SAMP>,
+the return status is zero if all <VAR>optnames</VAR> are enabled;
+non-zero otherwise.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-o</CODE>
+<DD>Restricts the values of
+<VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If either <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>
+is used with no <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments, the display is limited to
+those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+</P><P>
+
+Unless otherwise noted, the <CODE>shopt</CODE> options are disabled (off)
+by default.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status when listing options is zero if all <VAR>optnames</VAR>
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
+the return status is zero unless an <VAR>optname</VAR> is not a valid shell
+option.
+</P><P>
+
+The list of <CODE>shopt</CODE> options is:
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>autocd</CODE>
+<DD>If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
+it were the argument to the <CODE>cd</CODE> command.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>cdable_vars</CODE>
+<DD>If this is set, an argument to the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command that
+is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
+value is the directory to change to.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>cdspell</CODE>
+<DD>If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
+<CODE>cd</CODE> command will be corrected.
+The errors checked for are transposed characters,
+a missing character, and a character too many.
+If a correction is found, the corrected path is printed,
+and the command proceeds.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>checkhash</CODE>
+<DD>If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash
+table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
+longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>checkjobs</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
+exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
+the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
+intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
+The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>checkwinsize</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash checks the window size after each command
+and, if necessary, updates the values of
+<CODE>LINES</CODE> and <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>cmdhist</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
+command in the same history entry. This allows
+easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>compat31</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
+arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
+if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>dotglob</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+the results of filename expansion.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>execfail</CODE>
+<DD>If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
+it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the <CODE>exec</CODE>
+builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if <CODE>exec</CODE>
+fails.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE>
+<DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>extdebug</CODE>
+<DD>If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
+<P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
+name supplied as an argument.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the command run by the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap returns a non-zero value, the
+next command is skipped and not executed.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If the command run by the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap returns a value of 2, and the
+shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
+executed by the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins), a call to
+<CODE>return</CODE> is simulated.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their
+descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the
+<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with <CODE>( <VAR>command</VAR> )</CODE> inherit the
+<CODE>ERROR</CODE> trap.
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>extglob</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>extquote</CODE>
+<DD>If set, <CODE>$'<VAR>string</VAR>'</CODE> and <CODE>$"<VAR>string</VAR>"</CODE> quoting is
+performed within <CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>}</CODE> expansions
+enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>failglob</CODE>
+<DD>If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
+result in an expansion error.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>force_fignore</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable
+cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
+the ignored words are the only possible completions.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>globstar</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the pattern <SAMP>`**'</SAMP> used in a filename expansion context will
+match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+If the pattern is followed by a <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, only directories and
+subdirectories match.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>gnu_errfmt</CODE>
+<DD>If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error
+message format.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>histappend</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
+of the <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
+variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>histreedit</CODE>
+<DD>If set, and Readline
+is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
+failed history substitution.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>histverify</CODE>
+<DD>If set, and Readline
+is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
+passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
+the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE>
+<DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
+hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being
+completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
+by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive
+login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
+<DD>Allow a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
+to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
+line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>lithist</CODE>
+<DD>If enabled, and the <CODE>cmdhist</CODE>
+option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
+embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE>
+<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+The value may not be changed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>mailwarn</CODE>
+<DD>If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been
+accessed since the last time it was checked, the message
+<CODE>"The mail in <VAR>mailfile</VAR> has been read"</CODE> is displayed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>no_empty_cmd_completion</CODE>
+<DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search
+the <CODE>PATH</CODE> for possible completions when completion is attempted
+on an empty line.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when
+performing filename expansion.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when
+performing matching while executing <CODE>case</CODE> or <CODE>[[</CODE>
+conditional commands.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nullglob</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no
+files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>promptvars</CODE>
+<DD>If set, prompt strings undergo
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
+as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE>
+<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+The value may not be changed.
+This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
+the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>shift_verbose</CODE>
+<DD>If this is set, the <CODE>shift</CODE>
+builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
+number of positional parameters.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>sourcepath</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the <CODE>source</CODE> builtin uses the value of <CODE>PATH</CODE>
+to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
+This option is enabled by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>xpg_echo</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the <CODE>echo</CODE> builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
+by default.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return status when listing options is zero if all <VAR>optnames</VAR>
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
+When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
+<VAR>optname</VAR> is not a valid shell option.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Special Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC64::-->
+<P>
+
+For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified
+several builtin commands as <EM>special</EM>.
+When Bash is executing in POSIX mode, the special builtins
+differ from other builtin commands in three respects:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell
+environment after the command completes.
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no
+differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
+The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+These are the POSIX special builtins:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set
+shift trap unset
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Variables"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC65::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+ as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses.
+Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC66::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
+In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX112"></A>
+<DT><CODE>CDPATH</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A>
+A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
+the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX114"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HOME</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A>
+The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin
+command.
+The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
+<DT><CODE>IFS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A>
+A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
+words as part of expansion.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX118"></A>
+<DT><CODE>MAIL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A>
+If this parameter is set to a filename and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable
+is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
+the specified file.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX120"></A>
+<DT><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX121"></A>
+A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
+for new mail.
+Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
+arrives in the mail file by separating the file name from the message with
+a <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>.
+When used in the text of the message, <CODE>$_</CODE> expands to the name of
+the current mail file.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX122"></A>
+<DT><CODE>OPTARG</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX123"></A>
+The value of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX124"></A>
+<DT><CODE>OPTIND</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX125"></A>
+The index of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX126"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PATH</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX127"></A>
+A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
+commands.
+A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of <CODE>PATH</CODE> indicates the
+current directory.
+A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
+or trailing colon.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PS1</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A>
+The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
+sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PS2</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX131"></A>
+The secondary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`> '</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash Variables"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC67::-->
+<P>
+
+These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
+do not normally treat them specially.
+</P><P>
+
+A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
+variables for controlling the job control facilities
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX132"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX133"></A>
+The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASHPID</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A>
+Expands to the process id of the current Bash process.
+This differs from <CODE>$$</CODE> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+that do not require Bash to be re-initialized.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A>
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
+elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A>
+An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
+frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
+with <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>) is at the top of the stack. When a
+subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
+<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>.
+The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX141"></A>
+An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
+execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
+is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
+at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
+are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>.
+The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX142"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX143"></A>
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
+elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX144"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A>
+The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
+shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX146"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX147"></A>
+If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
+script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
+to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX148"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
+The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
+An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
+corresponding to each member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR>.
+<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file where
+<CODE>${FUNCNAME[$i]}</CODE> was called (or <CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}</CODE> if
+referenced within another shell function).
+The corresponding source file name is <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE>.
+Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
+An array variable whose members are assigned by the <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> binary
+operator to the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element with index <VAR>n</VAR> is the portion of the
+string matching the <VAR>n</VAR>th parenthesized subexpression.
+This variable is read-only.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
+to the elements in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array variable.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
+Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
+The initial value is 0.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
+A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
+The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[0]</CODE>
+<DD>The major version number (the <VAR>release</VAR>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[1]</CODE>
+<DD>The minor version number (the <VAR>version</VAR>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[2]</CODE>
+<DD>The patch level.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[3]</CODE>
+<DD>The build version.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[4]</CODE>
+<DD>The release status (e.g., <VAR>beta1</VAR>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[5]</CODE>
+<DD>The value of <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
+The version number of the current instance of Bash.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
+Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the terminal width
+when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
+An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
+cursor position.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
+The current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
+The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
+the current command.
+If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
+the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
+Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
+that caused a completion function to be called:
+<VAR>TAB</VAR>, for normal completion,
+<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, for listing completions after successive tabs,
+<SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
+<SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
+or
+<SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
+The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
+completion function.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
+The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+separators when performing word completion.
+If <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
+An array variable consisting of the individual
+words in the current command line.
+The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
+separate them.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
+<DT><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
+An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
+generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
+facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
+<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
+An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
+Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
+<CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin.
+Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
+directories already in the stack, but the <CODE>pushd</CODE> and <CODE>popd</CODE>
+builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
+Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
+If <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
+<DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
+If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an
+emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
+<DT><CODE>EUID</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
+The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
+is readonly.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
+<DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
+The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE>
+builtin command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
+<DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
+A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+filename completion.
+A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+<CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
+is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample
+value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
+<DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
+An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+currently in the execution call stack.
+The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
+shell function.
+The bottom-most element is <CODE>"main"</CODE>.
+This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+Assignments to <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
+If <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
+<DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
+A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
+be ignored by filename expansion.
+If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
+of the patterns in <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>, it is removed from the list
+of matches.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
+<DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
+An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
+user is a member.
+Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
+If <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
+<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
+Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+The first character is the
+<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
+start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
+character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first
+character on a line, normally <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>. The optional third character is the
+character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
+found as the first character of a word, usually <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>. The history
+comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
+parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
+The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
+A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
+the history list.
+If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin
+with a space character are not saved in the history list.
+A value of <SAMP>`ignoredups'</SAMP> causes lines which match the previous
+history entry to not be saved.
+A value of <SAMP>`ignoreboth'</SAMP> is shorthand for
+<SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`ignoredups'</SAMP>.
+A value of <SAMP>`erasedups'</SAMP> causes all previous lines matching the
+current line to be removed from the history list before that line
+is saved.
+Any value not in the above list is ignored.
+If <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE> is unset, or does not include a valid value,
+all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
+subject to the value of <CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+<CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
+The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
+default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
+variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
+necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
+to contain no more than that number of lines.
+The history file is also truncated to this size after
+writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+The default value is 500.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
+A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
+line (no implicit <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended). Each pattern is tested
+against the line after the checks specified by <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
+are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching
+characters, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> matches the previous history line. <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>
+may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+before attempting a match.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+<CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE> subsumes the function of <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>. A
+pattern of <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> is identical to <CODE>ignoredups</CODE>, and a
+pattern of <SAMP>`[ ]*'</SAMP> is identical to <CODE>ignorespace</CODE>.
+Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
+provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
+The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
+The default value is 500.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
+If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
+for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history
+entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin.
+If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+other history lines.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
+Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that
+should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
+The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
+is running;
+the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
+value is changed, Bash adds the contents of the new file to the
+existing list.
+If <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is set, but has no value, Bash attempts to read
+<TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
+When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
+The name of the current host.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
+<DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
+A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
+<DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
+Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character
+as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
+of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the
+first character on an input line
+before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
+have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
+If the variable does not exist, then <CODE>EOF</CODE> signifies the end of
+input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
+<DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
+The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
+of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LANG</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
+Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
+selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
+This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other
+<CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
+This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
+results of filename expansion, and
+determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
+and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
+This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
+behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
+matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
+This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
+strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
+This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
+The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
+<DT><CODE>LINES</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
+Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length
+for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
+<DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
+A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
+is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
+<DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
+How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
+files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables.
+The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
+for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
+If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
+<DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
+The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+<DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
+If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
+generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
+<DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
+A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
+An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+containing a list of exit status values from the processes
+in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
+contain only a single command).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
+<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
+If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
+enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
+startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
+If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
+as if the command
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>set -o posix</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PPID</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
+The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable
+is readonly.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
+If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
+before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and
+<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PS3</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
+The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
+<CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the
+<CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
+when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
+necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
+The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
+<DT><CODE>PWD</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
+The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
+<DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
+Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
+between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
+variable seeds the random number generator.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
+<DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
+The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
+<DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
+This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
+shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
+the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
+becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds
+since the assignment.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
+<DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
+The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
+If it is not set when the shell starts,
+Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
+<DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported
+as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>.
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
+<DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
+Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
+intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+<DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
+The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
+how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE>
+reserved word should be displayed.
+The <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> character introduces an
+escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other
+information.
+The escape sequences and their meanings are as
+follows; the braces denote optional portions.
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>%%</CODE>
+<DD>A literal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>%[<VAR>p</VAR>][l]R</CODE>
+<DD>The elapsed time in seconds.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>%[<VAR>p</VAR>][l]U</CODE>
+<DD>The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>%[<VAR>p</VAR>][l]S</CODE>
+<DD>The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>%P</CODE>
+<DD>The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The optional <VAR>p</VAR> is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
+fractional digits after a decimal point.
+A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
+At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
+of <VAR>p</VAR> greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+If <VAR>p</VAR> is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+</P><P>
+
+The optional <CODE>l</CODE> specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+the form <VAR>MM</VAR>m<VAR>SS</VAR>.<VAR>FF</VAR>s.
+The value of <VAR>p</VAR> determines whether or not the fraction is included.
+</P><P>
+
+If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table>If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
+A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
+<DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
+If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
+default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
+if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming
+from a terminal.
+<P>
+
+In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as
+the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary
+prompt when the shell is interactive.
+Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does
+not arrive.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
+<DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
+If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
+<DT><CODE>UID</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
+The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash Features"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC68::-->
+<P>
+
+This section describes features unique to Bash.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
+ to Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
+ the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
+ the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC69::-->
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] -c <VAR>string</VAR> [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+In addition to the single-character shell command-line options
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character
+options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
+line before the single-character options to be recognized.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE>
+<DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin) and shell function tracing
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE>
+option).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--dump-po-strings</CODE>
+<DD>A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>
+is printed on the standard output
+in the GNU <CODE>gettext</CODE> PO (portable object) file format.
+Equivalent to <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> except for the output format.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--dump-strings</CODE>
+<DD>Equivalent to <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--help</CODE>
+<DD>Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--init-file <VAR>filename</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--rcfile <VAR>filename</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Execute commands from <VAR>filename</VAR> (instead of <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>)
+in an interactive shell.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--login</CODE>
+<DD>Equivalent to <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE>
+<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--noprofile</CODE>
+<DD>Don't load the system-wide startup file <TT>`/etc/profile'</TT>
+or any of the personal initialization files
+<TT>`~/.bash_profile'</TT>, <TT>`~/.bash_login'</TT>, or <TT>`~/.profile'</TT>
+when Bash is invoked as a login shell.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--norc</CODE>
+<DD>Don't read the <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT> initialization file in an
+interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is
+invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--posix</CODE>
+<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This
+is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
+POSIX mode.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE>
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
+<DD>Equivalent to <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP>. Print shell input lines as they're read.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--version</CODE>
+<DD>Show version information for this instance of
+Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
+invocation which are not available with the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-c <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Read and execute commands from <VAR>string</VAR> after processing the
+options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+positional parameters, starting with <CODE>$0</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
+<DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
+described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login.
+When the shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a
+login shell with <SAMP>`exec -l bash'</SAMP>.
+When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will
+be executed.
+<SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP>
+will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
+of a login shell.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
+processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
+This option allows the positional parameters to be set
+when invoking an interactive shell.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-D</CODE>
+<DD>A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>
+is printed on the standard output.
+These are the strings that
+are subject to language translation when the current locale
+is not <CODE>C</CODE> or <CODE>POSIX</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
+This implies the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option; no commands will be executed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE>
+<DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option;
+<SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it.
+If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
+options accepted by <CODE>shopt</CODE> are printed on the standard output.
+If the invocation option is <SAMP>`+O'</SAMP>, the output is displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--</CODE>
+<DD>A <CODE>--</CODE> signals the end of options and disables further option
+processing.
+Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
+A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
+<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX285"></A>
+An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
+unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
+without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one
+started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
+information.
+</P><P>
+
+If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
+<SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>
+option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
+When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE>
+is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
+are set to the remaining arguments.
+Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
+Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC70::-->
+<P>
+
+This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
+If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
+Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
+Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
+<H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC71::-->
+<P>
+
+When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
+non-interactive shell with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option, it first reads and
+executes commands from the file <TT>`/etc/profile'</TT>, if that file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for <TT>`~/.bash_profile'</TT>,
+<TT>`~/.bash_login'</TT>, and <TT>`~/.profile'</TT>, in that order, and reads
+and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
+The <SAMP>`--noprofile'</SAMP> option may be used when the shell is started to
+inhibit this behavior.
+</P><P>
+
+When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from
+the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
+<H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC72::-->
+<P>
+
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
+reads and executes commands from <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>, if that file exists.
+This may be inhibited by using the <SAMP>`--norc'</SAMP> option.
+The <SAMP>`--rcfile <VAR>file</VAR>'</SAMP> option will force Bash to read and
+execute commands from <VAR>file</VAR> instead of <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>.
+</P><P>
+
+So, typically, your <TT>`~/.bash_profile'</TT> contains the line
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
+<H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC73::-->
+<P>
+
+When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
+for example, it looks for the variable <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE> in the environment,
+expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as
+the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the
+following command were executed:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table>but the value of the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is not used to search for the
+file name.
+</P><P>
+
+As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
+<SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
+login shell startup files.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
+<H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC74::-->
+<P>
+
+If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the
+startup behavior of historical versions of <CODE>sh</CODE> as closely as
+possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
+</P><P>
+
+When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
+shell with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option, it first attempts to read
+and execute commands from <TT>`/etc/profile'</TT> and <TT>`~/.profile'</TT>, in
+that order.
+The <SAMP>`--noprofile'</SAMP> option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, Bash
+looks for the variable <CODE>ENV</CODE>, expands its value if it is defined,
+and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE> does not attempt to read and execute
+commands from any other startup files, the <SAMP>`--rcfile'</SAMP> option has
+no effect.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE> does not attempt
+to read any other startup files.
+</P><P>
+
+When invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>, Bash enters POSIX mode after
+the startup files are read.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
+<H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC75::-->
+<P>
+
+When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the
+<SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command line option, it follows the POSIX standard
+for startup files.
+In this mode, interactive shells expand the <CODE>ENV</CODE> variable
+and commands are read and executed from the file whose name is the
+expanded value.
+No other startup files are read.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
+<H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC76::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell
+daemon, usually <CODE>rshd</CODE>, or the secure shell daemon <CODE>sshd</CODE>.
+If Bash determines it is being run in
+this fashion, it reads and executes commands from <TT>`~/.bashrc'</TT>, if that
+file exists and is readable.
+It will not do this if invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>.
+The <SAMP>`--norc'</SAMP> option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+<SAMP>`--rcfile'</SAMP> option may be used to force another file to be read, but
+<CODE>rshd</CODE> does not generally invoke the shell with those options or
+allow them to be specified.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
+<H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4>
+<!--docid::SEC77::-->
+<P>
+
+If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, no startup
+files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored,
+and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC78::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC79::-->
+<P>
+
+An interactive shell
+is one started without non-option arguments, unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is
+specified, without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and
+whose input and error output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>),
+or one started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option.
+</P><P>
+
+An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's
+terminal.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> invocation option may be used to set the positional parameters
+when an interactive shell is started.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC80::-->
+<P>
+
+To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
+running interactively,
+test the value of the <SAMP>`-'</SAMP> special parameter.
+It contains <CODE>i</CODE> when the shell is interactive. For example:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>case "$-" in
+*i*) echo This shell is interactive ;;
+*) echo This shell is not interactive ;;
+esac
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable
+<CODE>PS1</CODE>; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in
+interactive shells. Thus:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then
+ echo This shell is not interactive
+else
+ echo This shell is interactive
+fi
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC81::-->
+<P>
+
+When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
+several ways.
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
+control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
+signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash expands and displays <CODE>PS1</CODE> before reading the first line
+of a command, and expands and displays <CODE>PS2</CODE> before reading the
+second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command
+before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
+the user's terminal.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE>
+instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its
+standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+are enabled by default.
+Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
+when an interactive shell exits.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled
+((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit
+if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has
+no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
+<CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
+<SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by <VAR>var</VAR> being unset
+or null in <CODE>${<VAR>var</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> expansions
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the
+shell to exit.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error
+status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE>
+builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE>
+option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit
+if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
+printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC82::-->
+<P>
+
+Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command
+and the <CODE>test</CODE> and <CODE>[</CODE> builtin commands.
+</P><P>
+
+Expressions may be unary or binary.
+Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
+There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
+<TT>`/dev/fd/<VAR>N</VAR>'</TT>, then file descriptor <VAR>N</VAR> is checked.
+If the <VAR>file</VAR> argument to one of the primaries is one of
+<TT>`/dev/stdin'</TT>, <TT>`/dev/stdout'</TT>, or <TT>`/dev/stderr'</TT>, file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+</P><P>
+
+Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
+links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-a <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-b <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a block special file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-c <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a character special file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-d <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a directory.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-e <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-f <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a regular file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-g <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and its set-group-id bit is set.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-h <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a symbolic link.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-k <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and its "sticky" bit is set.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is readable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has a size greater than zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-t <VAR>fd</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR> is open and refers to a terminal.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-u <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-w <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is writable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-x <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is executable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-O <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-L <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a symbolic link.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-S <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and is a socket.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file</VAR> exists and has been modified since it was last read.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -nt <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> is newer (according to modification date)
+than <VAR>file2</VAR>, or if <VAR>file1</VAR> exists and <VAR>file2</VAR> does not.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ot <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> is older than <VAR>file2</VAR>,
+or if <VAR>file2</VAR> exists and <VAR>file1</VAR> does not.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>file1</VAR> -ef <VAR>file2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>file1</VAR> and <VAR>file2</VAR> refer to the same device and
+inode numbers.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled.
+The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP>
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the length of <VAR>string</VAR> is zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE><VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the length of <VAR>string</VAR> is non-zero.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> == <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the strings are equal.
+<SAMP>`='</SAMP> may be used in place of <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> for strict POSIX compliance.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> != <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the strings are not equal.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> < <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>string1</VAR> sorts before <VAR>string2</VAR> lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> > <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if <VAR>string1</VAR> sorts after <VAR>string2</VAR> lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>arg1</VAR> OP <VAR>arg2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><CODE>OP</CODE> is one of
+<SAMP>`-eq'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-ne'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-lt'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-le'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-gt'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`-ge'</SAMP>.
+These arithmetic binary operators return true if <VAR>arg1</VAR>
+is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
+greater than, or greater than or equal to <VAR>arg2</VAR>,
+respectively. <VAR>Arg1</VAR> and <VAR>arg2</VAR>
+may be positive or negative integers.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC83::-->
+<P>
+
+The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
+the shell expansions or by the <CODE>let</CODE> and the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option
+to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtins.
+</P><P>
+
+Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
+though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
+are the same as in the C language.
+The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
+equal-precedence operators.
+The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>id</VAR>++ <VAR>id</VAR>--</CODE>
+<DD>variable post-increment and post-decrement
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>++<VAR>id</VAR> --<VAR>id</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>- +</CODE>
+<DD>unary minus and plus
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>! ~</CODE>
+<DD>logical and bitwise negation
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>**</CODE>
+<DD>exponentiation
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>* / %</CODE>
+<DD>multiplication, division, remainder
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>+ -</CODE>
+<DD>addition, subtraction
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><< >></CODE>
+<DD>left and right bitwise shifts
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><= >= < ></CODE>
+<DD>comparison
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>== !=</CODE>
+<DD>equality and inequality
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>&</CODE>
+<DD>bitwise AND
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>^</CODE>
+<DD>bitwise exclusive OR
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>|</CODE>
+<DD>bitwise OR
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>&&</CODE>
+<DD>logical AND
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>||</CODE>
+<DD>logical OR
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>expr ? expr : expr</CODE>
+<DD>conditional operator
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=</CODE>
+<DD>assignment
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>expr1 , expr2</CODE>
+<DD>comma
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
+performed before the expression is evaluated.
+Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
+without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
+by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
+when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
+<VAR>integer</VAR> attribute using <SAMP>`declare -i'</SAMP> is assigned a value.
+A null value evaluates to 0.
+A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+to be used in an expression.
+</P><P>
+
+Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
+A leading <SAMP>`0x'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`0X'</SAMP> denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise,
+numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where <VAR>base</VAR>
+is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
+base, and <VAR>n</VAR> is a number in that base. If <VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE> is
+omitted, then base 10 is used.
+The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+the uppercase letters, <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`_'</SAMP>, in that order.
+If <VAR>base</VAR> is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
+and 35.
+</P><P>
+
+Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
+rules above.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Aliases"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC84::-->
+<P>
+
+<VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
+as the first word of a simple command.
+The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with
+the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE> builtin commands.
+</P><P>
+
+The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see
+if it has an alias.
+If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
+The characters <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`='</SAMP> and any of the
+shell metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear
+in an alias name.
+The replacement text may contain any valid
+shell input, including shell metacharacters.
+The first word of the replacement text is tested for
+aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
+is not expanded a second time.
+This means that one may alias <CODE>ls</CODE> to <CODE>"ls -F"</CODE>,
+for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
+replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a
+space or tab character, then the next command word following the
+alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+Aliases are created and listed with the <CODE>alias</CODE>
+command, and removed with the <CODE>unalias</CODE> command.
+</P><P>
+
+There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
+as in <CODE>csh</CODE>.
+If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
+unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
+somewhat confusing. Bash
+always reads at least one complete line
+of input before executing any
+of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
+command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
+alias definition appearing on the same line as another
+command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
+The commands following the alias definition
+on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
+not when the function is executed, because a function definition
+is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
+defined in a function are not available until after that
+function is executed. To be safe, always put
+alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use <CODE>alias</CODE>
+in compound commands.
+</P><P>
+
+For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Arrays"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC85::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+Any variable may be used as an indexed array;
+the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin will explicitly declare an array.
+There is no maximum
+limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
+be indexed or assigned contiguously.
+Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
+expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
+associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
+</P><P>
+
+An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
+using the syntax
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The <VAR>subscript</VAR>
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
+greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>The syntax
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>is also accepted; the <VAR>subscript</VAR> is ignored.
+</P><P>
+
+Associative arrays are created using
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -A <VAR>name</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Attributes may be
+specified for an array variable using the <CODE>declare</CODE> and
+<CODE>readonly</CODE> builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of
+an array.
+</P><P>
+
+Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name=(value<VAR>1</VAR> <small>...</small> value<VAR>n</VAR>)
+</pre></td></tr></table>where each
+<VAR>value</VAR> is of the form <CODE>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=</CODE><VAR>string</VAR>.
+Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket and subscript.
+When assigning to indexed arrays, if
+the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
+otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
+to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+</P><P>
+
+When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
+</P><P>
+
+This syntax is also accepted by the <CODE>declare</CODE>
+builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
+<CODE>name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]=</CODE><VAR>value</VAR> syntax introduced above.
+</P><P>
+
+Any element of an array may be referenced using
+<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+The braces are required to avoid
+conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
+<VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the word expands to all members
+of the array <VAR>name</VAR>. These subscripts differ only when the word
+appears within double quotes.
+If the word is double-quoted,
+<CODE>${name[*]}</CODE> expands to a single word with
+the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
+<CODE>IFS</CODE> variable, and <CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands each element of
+<VAR>name</VAR> to a separate word. When there are no array members,
+<CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands to nothing.
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+This is analogous to the
+expansion of the special parameters <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>.
+<CODE>${#name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE> expands to the length of
+<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+If <VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or
+<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
+Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
+referencing with a subscript of 0.
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin is used to destroy arrays.
+<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]
+destroys the array element at index <VAR>subscript</VAR>.
+Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
+generation.
+<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
+entire array. A subscript of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> also removes the
+entire array.
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>declare</CODE>, <CODE>local</CODE>, and <CODE>readonly</CODE>
+builtins each accept a <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option to specify an indexed
+array and a <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> option to specify an associative array.
+The <CODE>read</CODE> builtin accepts a <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP>
+option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
+to an array, and can read values from the standard input into
+individual array elements. The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>declare</CODE>
+builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
+reused as input.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC86::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+ the directory stack.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The
+<CODE>pushd</CODE> builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes
+the current directory, and the <CODE>popd</CODE> builtin removes specified
+directories from the stack and changes the current directory to
+the directory removed. The <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin displays the contents
+of the directory stack.
+</P><P>
+
+The contents of the directory stack are also visible
+as the value of the <CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC87::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX286"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
+are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the
+<CODE>popd</CODE> command removes directories from the list.
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
+tilde to denote the home directory.
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line.
+<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
+<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and <CODE>cd</CODE>
+to the new top directory.
+When no arguments are given, <CODE>popd</CODE>
+removes the top directory from the stack and
+performs a <CODE>cd</CODE> to the new top directory. The
+elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
+<CODE>dirs</CODE>; i.e., <CODE>popd</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>popd +0</CODE>.
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
+<DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
+<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
+and then <CODE>cd</CODE> to <VAR>dir</VAR>.
+With no arguments, <CODE>pushd</CODE> exchanges the top two directories.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
+to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Brings the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Brings the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+<DT><CODE><VAR>dir</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then
+executes the equivalent of `<CODE>cd</CODE> <VAR>dir</VAR>'.
+<CODE>cd</CODE>s to <VAR>dir</VAR>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC88::-->
+<P>
+
+The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before
+Bash prints each primary prompt. If <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is set and
+has a non-null value, then the
+value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line.
+</P><P>
+
+In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
+can appear in the prompt variables:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
+<DD>A bell character.
+<DT><CODE>\d</CODE>
+<DD>The date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26").
+<DT><CODE>\D{<VAR>format</VAR>}</CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>format</VAR> is passed to <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3) and the result is inserted
+into the prompt string; an empty <VAR>format</VAR> results in a locale-specific
+time representation. The braces are required.
+<DT><CODE>\e</CODE>
+<DD>An escape character.
+<DT><CODE>\h</CODE>
+<DD>The hostname, up to the first `.'.
+<DT><CODE>\H</CODE>
+<DD>The hostname.
+<DT><CODE>\j</CODE>
+<DD>The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.
+<DT><CODE>\l</CODE>
+<DD>The basename of the shell's terminal device name.
+<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
+<DD>A newline.
+<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
+<DD>A carriage return.
+<DT><CODE>\s</CODE>
+<DD>The name of the shell, the basename of <CODE>$0</CODE> (the portion
+following the final slash).
+<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
+<DD>The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+<DT><CODE>\T</CODE>
+<DD>The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+<DT><CODE>\@</CODE>
+<DD>The time, in 12-hour am/pm format.
+<DT><CODE>\A</CODE>
+<DD>The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format.
+<DT><CODE>\u</CODE>
+<DD>The username of the current user.
+<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
+<DD>The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00)
+<DT><CODE>\V</CODE>
+<DD>The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+<DT><CODE>\w</CODE>
+<DD>The current working directory, with <CODE>$HOME</CODE> abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the <CODE>$PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE> variable).
+<DT><CODE>\W</CODE>
+<DD>The basename of <CODE>$PWD</CODE>, with <CODE>$HOME</CODE> abbreviated with a tilde.
+<DT><CODE>\!</CODE>
+<DD>The history number of this command.
+<DT><CODE>\#</CODE>
+<DD>The command number of this command.
+<DT><CODE>\$</CODE>
+<DD>If the effective uid is 0, <CODE>#</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>$</CODE>.
+<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The character whose ASCII code is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>.
+<DT><CODE>\\</CODE>
+<DD>A backslash.
+<DT><CODE>\[</CODE>
+<DD>Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to
+embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt.
+<DT><CODE>\]</CODE>
+<DD>End a sequence of non-printing characters.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The command number and the history number are usually different:
+the history number of a command is its position in the history
+list, which may include commands restored from the history file
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
+shell session.
+</P><P>
+
+After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC89::-->
+<P>
+
+If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the
+<SAMP>`--restricted'</SAMP>
+or
+<SAMP>`-r'</SAMP>
+option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted.
+A restricted shell is used to
+set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
+A restricted shell behaves identically to <CODE>bash</CODE>
+with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
+</P><P>
+
+<UL>
+<LI>
+Changing directories with the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
+<LI>
+Setting or unsetting the values of the <CODE>SHELL</CODE>, <CODE>PATH</CODE>,
+<CODE>ENV</CODE>, or <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE> variables.
+<LI>
+Specifying command names containing slashes.
+<LI>
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the <CODE>.</CODE>
+builtin command.
+<LI>
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>
+option to the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin command.
+<LI>
+Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
+<LI>
+Parsing the value of <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> from the shell environment at startup.
+<LI>
+Redirecting output using the <SAMP>`>'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`>&'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`&>'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`>>'</SAMP> redirection operators.
+<LI>
+Using the <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin to replace the shell with another command.
+<LI>
+Adding or deleting builtin commands with the
+<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> options to the <CODE>enable</CODE> builtin.
+<LI>
+Using the <CODE>enable</CODE> builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins.
+<LI>
+Specifying the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>command</CODE> builtin.
+<LI>
+Turning off restricted mode with <SAMP>`set +r'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`set +o restricted'</SAMP>.
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+</P><P>
+
+When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
+the shell spawned to execute the script.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC90::-->
+<P>
+
+Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing
+<SAMP>`set -o posix'</SAMP> while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
+closely to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to
+match that specified by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
+</P><P>
+
+When invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
+startup files.
+</P><P>
+
+The following list is what's changed when `POSIX mode' is in effect:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search
+<CODE>$PATH</CODE> to find the new location. This is also available with
+<SAMP>`shopt -s checkhash'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+is stopped is `Stopped(<VAR>signame</VAR>)', where <VAR>signame</VAR> is, for
+example, <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>bg</CODE> builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed
+in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job
+is the current or previous job.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized
+do not undergo alias expansion.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The POSIX <CODE>PS1</CODE> and <CODE>PS2</CODE> expansions of <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> to
+the history number and <SAMP>`!!'</SAMP> to <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> are enabled,
+and parameter expansion is performed on the values of <CODE>PS1</CODE> and
+<CODE>PS2</CODE> regardless of the setting of the <CODE>promptvars</CODE> option.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The POSIX startup files are executed (<CODE>$ENV</CODE>) rather than
+the normal Bash files.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command
+name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The default history file is <TT>`~/.sh_history'</TT> (this is the
+default value of <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The output of <SAMP>`kill -l'</SAMP> prints all the signal names on a single line,
+separated by spaces, without the <SAMP>`SIG'</SAMP> prefix.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>kill</CODE> builtin does not accept signal names with a <SAMP>`SIG'</SAMP>
+prefix.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Non-interactive shells exit if <VAR>filename</VAR> in <CODE>.</CODE> <VAR>filename</VAR>
+is not found.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
+results in an invalid expression.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the
+redirection.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Function names must be valid shell <CODE>name</CODE>s. That is, they may not
+contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
+may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name
+causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions
+during command lookup.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
+the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
+redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding
+the command name, and so on.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+If <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is set, the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin will not implicitly
+append the current directory to it. This means that <CODE>cd</CODE> will
+fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from
+any of the entries in <CODE>$CDPATH</CODE>, even if the a directory with
+the same name as the name given as an argument to <CODE>cd</CODE> exists
+in the current directory.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
+statements.
+A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign
+a value to a readonly variable.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+variable in a <CODE>for</CODE> statement or the selection variable in a
+<CODE>select</CODE> statement is a readonly variable.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Process substitution is not available.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins
+persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
+special builtin command had been executed.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>export</CODE> and <CODE>readonly</CODE> builtin commands display their
+output in the format required by POSIX.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin displays signal names without the leading
+<CODE>SIG</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
+disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and
+is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given
+signal to the original disposition, they should use <SAMP>`-'</SAMP> as the
+first argument.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>.</CODE> and <CODE>source</CODE> builtins do not search the current directory
+for the filename argument if it is not found by searching <CODE>PATH</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode,
+Bash clears the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option in such subshells.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+display them with a leading <SAMP>`alias '</SAMP> unless the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option
+is supplied.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is invoked without options, it does not display
+shell function names and definitions.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters,
+even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin is invoked in <VAR>logical</VAR> mode, and the pathname
+constructed from <CODE>$PWD</CODE> and the directory name supplied as an argument
+does not refer to an existing directory, <CODE>cd</CODE> will fail instead of
+falling back to <VAR>physical</VAR> mode.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin is supplied the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option, it resets
+<CODE>$PWD</CODE> to a pathname containing no symlinks.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the
+current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the
+<SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When listing the history, the <CODE>fc</CODE> builtin does not include an
+indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The default editor used by <CODE>fc</CODE> is <CODE>ed</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>type</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins will not report a non-executable
+file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a
+file if it is the only so-named file found in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>vi</CODE> editing mode will invoke the <CODE>vi</CODE> editor directly when
+the <SAMP>`v'</SAMP> command is run, instead of checking <CODE>$VISUAL</CODE> and
+<CODE>$EDITOR</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret
+any arguments to <CODE>echo</CODE> as options. Each argument is displayed, after
+escape characters are converted.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>ulimit</CODE> builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>
+and <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> options.
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by
+default even when in POSIX mode.
+Specifically:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>fc</CODE> builtin checks <CODE>$EDITOR</CODE> as a program to edit history
+entries if <CODE>FCEDIT</CODE> is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
+<CODE>ed</CODE>. <CODE>fc</CODE> uses <CODE>ed</CODE> if <CODE>EDITOR</CODE> is unset.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+As noted above, Bash requires the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> option to be enabled for
+the <CODE>echo</CODE> builtin to be fully conformant.
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
+the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC91"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC91::-->
+<P>
+
+This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
+Bash allows you to access its facilities.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
+ with job control.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
+ control.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC92::-->
+<P>
+
+Job control
+refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend)
+the execution of processes and continue (resume)
+their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
+this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
+by the system's terminal driver and Bash.
+</P><P>
+
+The shell associates a <VAR>job</VAR> with each pipeline. It keeps a
+table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the
+<CODE>jobs</CODE> command. When Bash starts a job
+asynchronously, it prints a line that looks
+like:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[1] 25647
+</pre></td></tr></table>indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID
+of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is
+25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of
+the same job. Bash uses the <VAR>job</VAR> abstraction as the
+basis for job control.
+</P><P>
+
+To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
+control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
+process group ID. Members of this process group (processes whose
+process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group
+ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>.
+These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background
+processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
+terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated
+signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
+write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to) the terminal are sent a <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>
+(<CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless
+caught, suspends the process.
+</P><P>
+
+If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
+job control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the
+<VAR>suspend</VAR> character (typically <SAMP>`^Z'</SAMP>, Control-Z) while a
+process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns
+control to Bash. Typing the <VAR>delayed suspend</VAR> character
+(typically <SAMP>`^Y'</SAMP>, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
+be returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of
+this job, using the <CODE>bg</CODE> command to continue it in the
+background, the <CODE>fg</CODE> command to continue it in the
+foreground, or the <CODE>kill</CODE> command to kill it. A <SAMP>`^Z'</SAMP>
+takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of
+causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
+</P><P>
+
+There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
+character <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> introduces a job specification (<VAR>jobspec</VAR>).
+</P><P>
+
+Job number <CODE>n</CODE> may be referred to as <SAMP>`%n'</SAMP>.
+The symbols <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`%+'</SAMP> refer to the shell's notion of the
+current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+or started in the background.
+A single <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> (with no accompanying job specification) also refers
+to the current job.
+The previous job may be referenced using <SAMP>`%-'</SAMP>.
+If there is only a single job, <SAMP>`%+'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`%-'</SAMP> can both be used
+to refer to that job.
+In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the <CODE>jobs</CODE>
+command), the current job is always flagged with a <SAMP>`+'</SAMP>, and the
+previous job with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+A job may also be referred to
+using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
+that appears in its command line. For example, <SAMP>`%ce'</SAMP> refers
+to a stopped <CODE>ce</CODE> job. Using <SAMP>`%?ce'</SAMP>, on the
+other hand, refers to any job containing the string <SAMP>`ce'</SAMP> in
+its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
+Bash reports an error.
+</P><P>
+
+Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground:
+<SAMP>`%1'</SAMP> is a synonym for <SAMP>`fg %1'</SAMP>, bringing job 1 from the
+background into the foreground. Similarly, <SAMP>`%1 &'</SAMP> resumes
+job 1 in the background, equivalent to <SAMP>`bg %1'</SAMP>
+</P><P>
+
+The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
+Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt
+before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
+any other output.
+If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled,
+Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process
+that exits.
+</P><P>
+
+If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
+the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
+shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is
+enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
+The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status.
+If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
+Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC93::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
+had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
+enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any
+<VAR>jobspec</VAR> was not found or specifies a job
+that was started without job control.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX290"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
+or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or
+<VAR>jobspec</VAR> specifies a job that was started without job control.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
+jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the
+following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
+the user was last notified of their status.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>List only the process ID of the job's process group leader.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>Restrict output to running jobs.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is given,
+output is restricted to information about that job.
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
+listed.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is supplied, <CODE>jobs</CODE> replaces any
+<VAR>jobspec</VAR> found in <VAR>command</VAR> or <VAR>arguments</VAR> with the
+corresponding process group ID, and executes <VAR>command</VAR>,
+passing it <VAR>argument</VAR>s, returning its exit status.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>kill</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX292"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
+kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
+named by job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>.
+<VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
+<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> (with or without the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix)
+or a signal number; <VAR>signum</VAR> is a signal number.
+If <VAR>sigspec</VAR> and <VAR>signum</VAR> are not present, <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE> is used.
+The <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option lists the signal names.
+If any arguments are supplied when <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> is given, the names of the
+signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status
+is zero.
+<VAR>exit_status</VAR> is a number specifying a signal number or the exit
+status of a process terminated by a signal.
+The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
+or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the
+last command waited for.
+If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
+If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
+waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If neither <VAR>jobspec</VAR> nor <VAR>pid</VAR> specifies an active child process
+of the shell, the return status is 127.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX294"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of
+active jobs.
+If the <SAMP>`-h'</SAMP> option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
+but is marked so that <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> is not sent to the job if the shell
+receives a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not present, and neither the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP>
+option is supplied, the current job is used.
+If no <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is supplied, the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means to remove or
+mark all jobs; the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option without a <VAR>jobspec</VAR>
+argument restricts operation to running jobs.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+<CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal.
+A login shell cannot be suspended; the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>
+option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+When job control is not active, the <CODE>kill</CODE> and <CODE>wait</CODE>
+builtins do not accept <VAR>jobspec</VAR> arguments. They must be
+supplied process IDs.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC94::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
+<DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
+This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
+commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
+of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
+more than one job beginning with the string typed, then
+the most recently accessed job will be selected.
+The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line
+used to start it. If this variable is set to the value <SAMP>`exact'</SAMP>,
+the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
+if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>,
+the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality
+analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
+If set to any other value, the supplied string must
+be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
+analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC95::-->
+<P>
+
+This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
+command line editing interface.
+Command line editing is provided by the Readline library, which is
+used by several different programs, including Bash.
+Command line editing is enabled by default when using an interactive shell,
+unless the <SAMP>`--noediting'</SAMP> option is supplied at shell invocation.
+Line editing is also used when using the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the
+<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.
+A vi-style line editing interface is also available.
+Line editing can be enabled at any time using the <SAMP>`-o emacs'</SAMP> or
+<SAMP>`-o vi'</SAMP> options to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or
+<SAMP>`+o vi'</SAMP> options to <CODE>set</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
+ available for binding</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
+ behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
+ a specific command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
+ complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC96::-->
+<P>
+
+The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
+keystrokes.
+</P><P>
+
+The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
+produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key
+is depressed.
+</P><P>
+
+The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
+produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD>
+key is pressed.
+The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards.
+On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of
+the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to
+work as a Meta key.
+The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
+Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+Compose key for typing accented characters.
+</P><P>
+
+If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as
+a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
+<EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>.
+Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key.
+</P><P>
+
+The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the
+character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>.
+</P><P>
+
+In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
+<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
+stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
+If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
+produce the desired character.
+The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
+some keyboards.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC97::-->
+<P>
+
+Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
+only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The
+Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text
+as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing
+you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands,
+you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or
+insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with
+the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>. You do not have to be at the
+end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted
+regardless of the location of the cursor within the line.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC98::-->
+<P>
+
+In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
+character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one
+space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your
+erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character.
+</P><P>
+
+Sometimes you may mistype a character, and
+not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In
+that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then
+correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right
+with <KBD>C-f</KBD>.
+</P><P>
+
+When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters
+to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text
+that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor,
+characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the
+blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare
+essentials for editing the text of an input line follows.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><KBD>C-b</KBD>
+<DD>Move back one character.
+<DT><KBD>C-f</KBD>
+<DD>Move forward one character.
+<DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD>
+<DD>Delete the character to the left of the cursor.
+<DT><KBD>C-d</KBD>
+<DD>Delete the character underneath the cursor.
+<DT>Printing characters
+<DD>Insert the character into the line at the cursor.
+<DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD>
+<DD>Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an
+empty line.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+(Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to
+delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set
+to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather
+than the character to the left of the cursor.)
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC99::-->
+<P>
+
+The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
+in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many
+other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>,
+<KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly
+about the line.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><KBD>C-a</KBD>
+<DD>Move to the start of the line.
+<DT><KBD>C-e</KBD>
+<DD>Move to the end of the line.
+<DT><KBD>M-f</KBD>
+<DD>Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits.
+<DT><KBD>M-b</KBD>
+<DD>Move backward a word.
+<DT><KBD>C-l</KBD>
+<DD>Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves
+forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes
+operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC100::-->
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
+it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting)
+it back into the line.
+(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.)
+</P><P>
+
+If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can
+be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same)
+place later.
+</P><P>
+
+When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>.
+Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so
+that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill
+ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
+typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
+another line.
+<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+Here is the list of commands for killing text.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD>
+<DD>Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
+<P>
+
+<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD>
+<DD>Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD>
+<DD>Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between
+words, to the start of the previous word.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD>
+<DD>Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than
+<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line. Yanking
+means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD>
+<DD>Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor.
+<P>
+
+<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD>
+<DD>Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
+the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC101::-->
+<P>
+
+You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
+argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the
+argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a
+command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will
+act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the
+start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta
+digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus
+sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once
+you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type
+the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give
+the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>,
+which will delete the next ten characters on the input line.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Searching"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC102::-->
+<P>
+
+Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+for lines containing a specified string.
+There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
+</P><P>
+
+Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+search string.
+As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays
+the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
+An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
+find the desired history entry.
+To search backward in the history for a particular string, type
+<KBD>C-r</KBD>. Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history.
+The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable
+are used to terminate an incremental search.
+If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
+<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search.
+<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
+When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+search string becomes the current line.
+</P><P>
+
+To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or
+<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate.
+This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
+entry matching the search string typed so far.
+Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate
+the search and execute that command.
+For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept
+the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
+A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
+the current line, and begin editing.
+</P><P>
+
+Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two
+<KBD>C-r</KBD>s are typed without any intervening characters defining a new
+search string, any remembered search string is used.
+</P><P>
+
+Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
+typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC103::-->
+<P>
+
+Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
+keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set
+of keybindings.
+Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting
+commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory.
+The name of this
+file is taken from the value of the shell variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>. If
+that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. If that
+file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate default is
+<TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>.
+</P><P>
+
+When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the
+init file is read, and the key bindings are set.
+</P><P>
+
+In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus
+incorporating any changes that you might have made to it.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<br>
+<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<br>
+<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC104::-->
+<P>
+
+There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
+Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
+Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
+Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
+constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
+denote variable settings and key bindings.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>Variable Settings
+<DD>You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by
+altering the values of variables in Readline
+using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file.
+The syntax is simple:
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set <VAR>variable</VAR> <VAR>value</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Here, for example, is how to
+change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use
+<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set editing-mode vi
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard
+to case. Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+</P><P>
+
+Boolean variables (those that can be set to on or off) are set to on if
+the value is null or empty, <VAR>on</VAR> (case-insensitive), or 1. Any other
+value results in the variable being set to off.
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names
+and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
+variables.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX302"></A>
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
+Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
+<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring
+the terminal's bell.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX304"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters
+treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
+equivalents.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
+The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
+<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value
+is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
+<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
+in a case-insensitive fashion.
+The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
+The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
+completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
+value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
+replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
+The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
+asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
+If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
+Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view
+them; otherwise, they are simply listed.
+This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0.
+A negative value means Readline should never ask.
+The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
+eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
+bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
+meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
+Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
+been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
+The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
+key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
+mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
+set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
+When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
+keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
+attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
+current cursor position) at the
+same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
+or <CODE>next-history</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A>
+Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
+set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A>
+This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it
+to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
+horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
+of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default,
+this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
+will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
+regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
+default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a
+synonym for this variable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
+subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
+If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
+<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
+Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
+<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>,
+<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi-move</CODE>,
+<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and
+<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>.
+<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>; <CODE>emacs</CODE> is
+equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>. The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>.
+The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the
+default keymap.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE>
+<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash
+appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
+This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
+asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
+This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
+to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
+The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
+names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
+completion, unless the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> is
+supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
+This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
+eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
+sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
+to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
+This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE>
+<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches
+sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
+The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
+before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default,
+history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
+calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
+set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
+words which have more than one possible completion cause the
+matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
+The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
+words which have more than one possible completion without any
+possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
+a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
+of ringing the bell.
+The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
+is appended to the filename when listing possible
+completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT>Key Bindings
+<DD>The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is
+simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you
+want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command
+name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what
+the command does.
+<P>
+
+Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line
+in the init file the name of the key
+you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the
+command.
+There can be no space between the key name and the colon -- that will be
+interpreted as part of the key name.
+The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on
+what you find most comfortable.
+</P><P>
+
+In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>).
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and
+bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
+<DD><VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>Control-u: universal-argument
+Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+Control-o: "> output"
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function
+<CODE>universal-argument</CODE>,
+<KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and
+<KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro
+expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
+<SAMP>`> output'</SAMP> into the line).
+</P><P>
+
+A number of symbolic character names are recognized while
+processing this key binding syntax:
+<VAR>DEL</VAR>,
+<VAR>ESC</VAR>,
+<VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>,
+<VAR>LFD</VAR>,
+<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>,
+<VAR>RET</VAR>,
+<VAR>RETURN</VAR>,
+<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>,
+<VAR>SPACE</VAR>,
+<VAR>SPC</VAR>,
+and
+<VAR>TAB</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
+<DD><VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings
+denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing
+the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key
+escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the
+special character names are not recognized.
+<P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-u": universal-argument
+"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
+"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function
+<CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example),
+<SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>,
+and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert
+the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when
+specifying key sequences:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE>
+<DD>control prefix
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE>
+<DD>meta prefix
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE>
+<DD>an escape character
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE>
+<DD>backslash
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE>
+<DD><KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark
+<DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE>
+<DD><KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
+set of backslash escapes is available:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
+<DD>alert (bell)
+<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
+<DD>backspace
+<DT><CODE>\d</CODE>
+<DD>delete
+<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
+<DD>form feed
+<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
+<DD>newline
+<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
+<DD>carriage return
+<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
+<DD>horizontal tab
+<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
+<DD>vertical tab
+<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
+(one to three digits)
+<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
+(one or two hex digits)
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
+be used to indicate a macro definition.
+Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
+In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
+Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
+including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>.
+For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP>
+insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-x\\": "\\"
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC105::-->
+<P>
+
+Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
+bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
+of tests. There are four parser directives used.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>$if</CODE>
+<DD>The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the
+editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+no characters are required to isolate it.
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>mode</CODE>
+<DD>The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test
+whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode.
+This may be used in conjunction
+with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in
+the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if
+Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>term</CODE>
+<DD>The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific
+key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
+terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
+<SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and
+the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. This
+allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>,
+for instance.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>application</CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include
+application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline
+library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for
+a particular value.
+This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
+a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
+key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$if Bash
+# Quote the current or previous word
+"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+$endif
+</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>$endif</CODE>
+<DD>This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
+<CODE>$if</CODE> command.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>$else</CODE>
+<DD>Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if
+the test fails.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>$include</CODE>
+<DD>This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
+and bindings from that file.
+For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$include /etc/inputrc
+</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC106::-->
+<P>
+
+Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key
+binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
+# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
+# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
+#
+# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
+# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+#
+# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable
+# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
+$include /etc/Inputrc
+
+#
+# Set various bindings for emacs mode.
+
+set editing-mode emacs
+
+$if mode=emacs
+
+Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored
+
+#
+# Arrow keys in keypad mode
+#
+#"\M-OD": backward-char
+#"\M-OC": forward-char
+#"\M-OA": previous-history
+#"\M-OB": next-history
+#
+# Arrow keys in ANSI mode
+#
+"\M-[D": backward-char
+"\M-[C": forward-char
+"\M-[A": previous-history
+"\M-[B": next-history
+#
+# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
+#
+#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char
+#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char
+#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history
+#"\M-\C-OB": next-history
+#
+# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
+#
+#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char
+#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char
+#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history
+#"\M-\C-[B": next-history
+
+C-q: quoted-insert
+
+$endif
+
+# An old-style binding. This happens to be the default.
+TAB: complete
+
+# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
+$if Bash
+# edit the path
+"\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
+# prepare to type a quoted word --
+# insert open and close double quotes
+# and move to just after the open quote
+"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
+# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes
+# in sequences and macros)
+"\C-x\\": "\\"
+# Quote the current or previous word
+"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
+# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound
+"\C-xr": redraw-current-line
+# Edit variable on current line.
+"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y="
+$endif
+
+# use a visible bell if one is available
+set bell-style visible
+
+# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading
+set input-meta on
+
+# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather
+# than converted to prefix-meta sequences
+set convert-meta off
+
+# display characters with the eighth bit set directly
+# rather than as meta-prefixed characters
+set output-meta on
+
+# if there are more than 150 possible completions for
+# a word, ask the user if he wants to see all of them
+set completion-query-items 150
+
+# For FTP
+$if Ftp
+"\C-xg": "get \M-?"
+"\C-xt": "put \M-?"
+"\M-.": yank-last-arg
+$endif
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC107::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key
+sequences.
+You can list your key bindings by executing
+<CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
+Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
+</P><P>
+
+In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor
+position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the
+<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC108::-->
+<DL COMPACT>
+<A NAME="IDX329"></A>
+<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
+Move to the start of the current line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX331"></A>
+<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
+Move to the end of the line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX333"></A>
+<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
+Move forward a character.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX335"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
+Move back a character.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX337"></A>
+<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+Move forward to the end of the next word.
+Words are composed of letters and digits.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX339"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
+Words are composed of letters and digits.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX341"></A>
+<DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
+Move forward to the end of the next word.
+Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX343"></A>
+<DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
+Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
+Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX345"></A>
+<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
+Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
+leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
+Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC109::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX350"></A>
+Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
+If this line is
+non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
+the <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE> and <CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE> variables.
+If this line is a modified history line, then restore the history line
+to its original state.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX351"></A>
+<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
+Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
+Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX355"></A>
+<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX356"></A>
+Move to the first line in the history.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX357"></A>
+<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX358"></A>
+Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+being entered.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX359"></A>
+<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX360"></A>
+Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
+the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX361"></A>
+<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
+the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX363"></A>
+<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX364"></A>
+Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
+for a string supplied by the user.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
+<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX366"></A>
+Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
+for a string supplied by the user.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX368"></A>
+Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX370"></A>
+Search backward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point. This
+is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
+<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX372"></A>
+Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
+the second word on the previous line) at point.
+With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
+insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words
+in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command.
+Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted
+as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
+<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX374"></A>
+Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
+previous history entry). With an
+argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
+Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history
+list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn.
+The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument,
+as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC110::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
+<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX376"></A>
+Delete the character at point. If point is at the
+beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
+the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then
+return EOF.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX378"></A>
+Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
+to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
+<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX380"></A>
+Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
+end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
+deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
+<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX382"></A>
+Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
+how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
+<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX384"></A>
+Insert yourself.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
+<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX386"></A>
+Drag the character before the cursor forward over
+the character at the cursor, moving the
+cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
+is at the end of the line, then this
+transposes the last two characters of the line.
+Negative arguments have no effect.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
+<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX388"></A>
+Drag the word before point past the word after point,
+moving point past that word as well.
+If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
+the last two words on the line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
+<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX390"></A>
+Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
+<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX392"></A>
+Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
+<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX394"></A>
+Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
+<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX396"></A>
+Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
+switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
+argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
+<CODE>emacs</CODE> mode; <CODE>vi</CODE> mode does overwrite differently.
+Each call to <CODE>readline()</CODE> starts in insert mode.
+<P>
+
+In overwrite mode, characters bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE> replace
+the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
+Characters bound to <CODE>backward-delete-char</CODE> replace the character
+before point with a space.
+</P><P>
+
+By default, this command is unbound.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC111::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
+<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX398"></A>
+Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX400"></A>
+Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
+<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX402"></A>
+Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
+<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX404"></A>
+Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
+By default, this is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
+<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+Kill the word behind point.
+Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX410"></A>
+Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
+<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX412"></A>
+Kill the word behind point.
+Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
+<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX414"></A>
+Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
+as the word boundaries.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
+<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
+<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX420"></A>
+Kill the text in the current region.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
+<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX422"></A>
+Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
+right away. By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
+<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX424"></A>
+Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
+<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX426"></A>
+Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
+<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX428"></A>
+Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
+<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX430"></A>
+Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
+the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC112::-->
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
+<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX432"></A>
+Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
+argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
+<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX434"></A>
+This is another way to specify an argument.
+If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
+leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
+If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE>
+again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
+As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
+character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
+for the next command is multiplied by four.
+The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
+first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
+argument count sixteen, and so on.
+By default, this is not bound to a key.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC113::-->
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX436"></A>
+Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
+The actual completion performed is application-specific.
+Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
+text begins with <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>), username (if the text begins with
+<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), hostname (if the text begins with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>), or
+command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none
+of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX438"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
+<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX440"></A>
+Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
+<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX442"></A>
+Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
+with a single match from the list of possible completions.
+Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
+of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
+At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
+(subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>)
+and the original text is restored.
+An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list
+of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
+through the list.
+This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound
+by default.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
+<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX444"></A>
+Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
+end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
+If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
+<CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
+This command is unbound by default.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX446"></A>
+Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX448"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a filename.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX450"></A>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a username.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a username.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX454"></A>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a shell variable.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX456"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a shell variable.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX458"></A>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a hostname.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX460"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a hostname.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX462"></A>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
+match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
+functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
+in that order.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
+<DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX464"></A>
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a command name.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX466"></A>
+Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX468"></A>
+Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
+<DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX470"></A>
+Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
+enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC114::-->
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
+<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX472"></A>
+Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
+<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX474"></A>
+Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
+and save the definition.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
+<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX476"></A>
+Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
+in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC115::-->
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
+<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX478"></A>
+Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
+any bindings or variable assignments found there.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
+<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX480"></A>
+Abort the current editing command and
+ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
+<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
+<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX482"></A>
+If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
+that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
+<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX484"></A>
+Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
+without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
+<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
+<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX486"></A>
+Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
+<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX488"></A>
+Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
+command enough times to get back to the beginning.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
+<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX490"></A>
+Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX491"></A>
+<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX492"></A>
+Set the mark to the point. If a
+numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX493"></A>
+<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX494"></A>
+Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
+the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
+<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX496"></A>
+A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
+character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
+<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX498"></A>
+A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
+of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
+occurrences.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
+<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX500"></A>
+Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
+variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
+the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
+of <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>, the value is inserted, otherwise
+the characters in <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> are deleted from the beginning of
+the line.
+In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
+The default value of <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> causes this command
+to make the current line a shell comment.
+If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line
+will be executed by the shell.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX502"></A>
+Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
+Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
+Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
+generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX512"></A>
+The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+<CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+Expand the line as the shell does.
+This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
+word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX518"></A>
+Perform history expansion on the current line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
+<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX520"></A>
+Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX523"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX524"></A>
+Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX525"></A>
+<DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX526"></A>
+A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX527"></A>
+<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX528"></A>
+Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+argument is ignored.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX529"></A>
+<DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX530"></A>
+Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
+commands.
+Bash attempts to invoke
+<CODE>$VISUAL</CODE>, <CODE>$EDITOR</CODE>, and <CODE>emacs</CODE>
+as the editor, in that order.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC116::-->
+<P>
+
+While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
+editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing
+of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in
+the POSIX 1003.2 standard.
+</P><P>
+
+In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
+editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP>
+commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
+</P><P>
+
+When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in
+`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>. Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
+switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the
+line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous
+history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and
+so forth.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC117::-->
+<P>
+
+When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined
+using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
+the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
+</P><P>
+
+First, the command name is identified.
+If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
+compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word.
+If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full
+pathname is searched for first.
+If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to
+find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+</P><P>
+
+Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+matching words.
+If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
+</P><P>
+
+First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
+Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are
+returned.
+When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or
+directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is
+used to filter the matches.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
+<SAMP>`-G'</SAMP> option are generated next.
+The words generated by the pattern need not match the word being completed.
+The <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE> shell variable is not used to filter the matches,
+but the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable is used.
+</P><P>
+
+Next, the string specified as the argument to the <SAMP>`-W'</SAMP> option
+is considered.
+The string is first split using the characters in the <CODE>IFS</CODE>
+special variable as delimiters.
+Shell quoting is honored.
+Each word is then expanded using
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
+as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+The results are split using the rules described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
+completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
+</P><P>
+
+After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked.
+When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>,
+<CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are
+assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
+<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
+When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
+name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
+second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
+is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
+is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
+the matches.
+</P><P>
+
+Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first.
+The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
+<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
+It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
+variable.
+</P><P>
+
+Next, any command specified with the <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> option is invoked
+in an environment equivalent to command substitution.
+It should print a list of completions, one per line, to
+the standard output.
+Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary.
+</P><P>
+
+After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter
+specified with the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP> option is applied to the list.
+The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>
+in the pattern is replaced with the text of the word being completed.
+A literal <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash
+is removed before attempting a match.
+Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> negates the pattern; in this case any completion
+not matching the pattern will be removed.
+</P><P>
+
+Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP>
+options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is
+returned to the Readline completion code as the list of possible
+completions.
+</P><P>
+
+If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+<SAMP>`-o dirnames'</SAMP> option was supplied to <CODE>complete</CODE> when the
+compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`-o plusdirs'</SAMP> option was supplied to <CODE>complete</CODE> when
+the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any
+matches are added to the results of the other actions.
+</P><P>
+
+By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned to
+the completion code as the full set of possible completions.
+The default Bash completions are not attempted, and the Readline default
+of filename completion is disabled.
+If the <SAMP>`-o bashdefault'</SAMP> option was supplied to <CODE>complete</CODE> when
+the compspec was defined, the default Bash completions are attempted
+if the compspec generates no matches.
+If the <SAMP>`-o default'</SAMP> option was supplied to <CODE>complete</CODE> when the
+compspec was defined, Readline's default completion will be performed
+if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default Bash completions)
+generate no matches.
+</P><P>
+
+When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+the programmable completion functions force Readline to append a slash
+to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+the value of the <VAR>mark-directories</VAR> Readline variable, regardless
+of the setting of the <VAR>mark-symlinked-directories</VAR> Readline variable.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC118::-->
+<P>
+
+Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
+facilities.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Generate possible completion matches for <VAR>word</VAR> according to
+the <VAR>option</VAR>s, which may be any option accepted by the
+<CODE>complete</CODE>
+builtin with the exception of <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP>, and write
+the matches to the standard output.
+When using the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options, the various shell variables
+set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not
+have useful values.
+</P><P>
+
+The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable
+completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification
+with the same flags.
+If <VAR>word</VAR> is specified, only those completions matching <VAR>word</VAR>
+will be displayed.
+</P><P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
+matches were generated.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX532"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-E] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
+[-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
+[-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
+<CODE>complete -pr [-E] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Specify how arguments to each <VAR>name</VAR> should be completed.
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be
+reused as input.
+The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option removes a completion specification for
+each <VAR>name</VAR>, or, if no <VAR>name</VAR>s are supplied, all
+completion specifications.
+The <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
+blank line.
+</P><P>
+
+The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
+is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
+The arguments to the <SAMP>`-G'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-W'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP> options
+(and, if necessary, the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP> options)
+should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the
+<CODE>complete</CODE> builtin is invoked.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>comp-option</VAR> controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior
+beyond the simple generation of completions.
+<VAR>comp-option</VAR> may be one of:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>bashdefault</CODE>
+<DD>Perform the rest of the default Bash completions if the compspec
+generates no matches.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>default</CODE>
+<DD>Use Readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates
+no matches.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>dirnames</CODE>
+<DD>Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>filenames</CODE>
+<DD>Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
+filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names
+quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
+This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified
+with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>nospace</CODE>
+<DD>Tell Readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
+the end of the line.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>plusdirs</CODE>
+<DD>After any matches defined by the compspec are generated,
+directory name completion is attempted and any
+matches are added to the results of the other actions.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-A <VAR>action</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>action</VAR> may be one of the following to generate a list of possible
+completions:
+<P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>alias</CODE>
+<DD>Alias names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>arrayvar</CODE>
+<DD>Array variable names.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>binding</CODE>
+<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
+<DD>Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>command</CODE>
+<DD>Command names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>directory</CODE>
+<DD>Directory names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>disabled</CODE>
+<DD>Names of disabled shell builtins.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>enabled</CODE>
+<DD>Names of enabled shell builtins.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>export</CODE>
+<DD>Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>file</CODE>
+<DD>File names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>function</CODE>
+<DD>Names of shell functions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>group</CODE>
+<DD>Group names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE>
+<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>hostname</CODE>
+<DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
+<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>job</CODE>
+<DD>Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-j'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>keyword</CODE>
+<DD>Shell reserved words. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>running</CODE>
+<DD>Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>service</CODE>
+<DD>Service names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>setopt</CODE>
+<DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
+<DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>signal</CODE>
+<DD>Signal names.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>stopped</CODE>
+<DD>Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>user</CODE>
+<DD>User names. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>variable</CODE>
+<DD>Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-G <VAR>globpat</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The filename expansion pattern <VAR>globpat</VAR> is expanded to generate
+the possible completions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>wordlist</VAR> is split using the characters in the
+<CODE>IFS</CODE> special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+is expanded.
+The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which
+match the word being completed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-C <VAR>command</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><VAR>command</VAR> is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is
+used as the possible completions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-F <VAR>function</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The shell function <VAR>function</VAR> is executed in the current shell
+environment.
+When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
+of the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><VAR>filterpat</VAR> is a pattern as used for filename expansion.
+It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the
+preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching
+<VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed from the list.
+A leading <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> in <VAR>filterpat</VAR> negates the pattern; in this
+case, any completion not matching <VAR>filterpat</VAR> is removed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-P <VAR>prefix</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><VAR>prefix</VAR> is added at the beginning of each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-S <VAR>suffix</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><VAR>suffix</VAR> is appended to each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option
+other than <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> is supplied without a <VAR>name</VAR>
+argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for
+a <VAR>name</VAR> for which no specification exists, or
+an error occurs adding a completion specification.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
+<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-execution completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
+are supplied.
+If no <VAR>option</VAR>s are given, display the completion options for each
+<VAR>name</VAR> or the current completion.
+The possible values of <VAR>option</VAR> are those valid for the <CODE>complete</CODE>
+builtin described above.
+<P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
+is made to modify the options for a <VAR>name</VAR> for which no completion
+specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC119"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC119::-->
+<P>
+
+This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
+interactively, from a user's standpoint.
+It should be considered a user's guide.
+For information on using the GNU History Library in other programs,
+see the GNU Readline Library Manual.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+ history.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+ the command history.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<P>
+
+When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
+is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
+the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>,
+the list of commands previously typed.
+The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the
+number of commands to save in a history list.
+The text of the last <CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE>
+commands (default 500) is saved.
+The shell stores each command in the history list prior to
+parameter and variable expansion
+but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
+values of the shell variables
+<CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE> and <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+When the shell starts up, the history is initialized from the
+file named by the <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> variable (default <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>).
+The file named by the value of <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> is truncated, if
+necessary, to contain no more than the number of lines specified by
+the value of the <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> variable.
+When an interactive shell exits, the last
+<CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file
+named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>.
+If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
+the lines are appended to the history file,
+otherwise the history file is overwritten.
+If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
+is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
+not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
+to contain no more than <CODE>$HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
+lines. If <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> is not set, no truncation is performed.
+</P><P>
+
+If the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> is set, the time stamp information
+associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+marked with the history comment character.
+When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
+comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted
+as timestamps for the previous history line.
+</P><P>
+
+The builtin command <CODE>fc</CODE> may be used to list or edit and re-execute
+a portion of the history list.
+The <CODE>history</CODE> builtin may be used to display or modify the history
+list and manipulate the history file.
+When using command-line editing, search commands
+are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+list. The <CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE> and <CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
+variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the
+commands entered.
+The <CODE>cmdhist</CODE>
+shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each
+line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding
+semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness.
+The <CODE>lithist</CODE>
+shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
+instead of semicolons.
+The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
+history list and history file.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
+<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from <VAR>first</VAR> to
+<VAR>last</VAR> is selected from the history list. Both <VAR>first</VAR> and
+<VAR>last</VAR> may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent
+command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the
+history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the
+current command number). If <VAR>last</VAR> is not specified it is set to
+<VAR>first</VAR>. If <VAR>first</VAR> is not specified it is set to the previous
+command for editing and -16 for listing. If the <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> flag is
+given, the commands are listed on standard output. The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> flag
+suppresses the command numbers when listing. The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> flag
+reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by
+<VAR>ename</VAR> is invoked on a file containing those commands. If
+<VAR>ename</VAR> is not given, the value of the following variable expansion
+is used: <CODE>${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}</CODE>. This says to use the
+value of the <CODE>FCEDIT</CODE> variable if set, or the value of the
+<CODE>EDITOR</CODE> variable if that is set, or <CODE>vi</CODE> if neither is set.
+When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
+</P><P>
+
+In the second form, <VAR>command</VAR> is re-executed after each instance
+of <VAR>pat</VAR> in the selected command is replaced by <VAR>rep</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
+that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE>
+and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX536"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
+history -c
+history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
+history [-anrw] [<VAR>filename</VAR>]
+history -ps <VAR>arg</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+With no options, display the history list with line numbers.
+Lines prefixed with a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> have been modified.
+An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> lists only the last <VAR>n</VAR> lines.
+If the shell variable <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> is set and not null,
+it is used as a format string for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to display
+the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
+No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
+and the history line.
+</P><P>
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Clear the history list. This may be combined
+with the other options to replace the history list completely.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-d <VAR>offset</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Delete the history entry at position <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+<VAR>offset</VAR> should be specified as it appears when the history is
+displayed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
+<DD>Append the new
+history lines (history lines entered since the beginning of the
+current Bash session) to the history file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Append the history lines not already read from the history file
+to the current history list. These are lines appended to the history
+file since the beginning of the current Bash session.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
+<DD>Read the current history file and append its contents to
+the history list.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-w</CODE>
+<DD>Write out the current history to the history file.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
+<DD>Perform history substitution on the <VAR>arg</VAR>s and display the result
+on the standard output, without storing the results in the history list.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>arg</VAR>s are added to the end of
+the history list as a single entry.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+When any of the <SAMP>`-w'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> options is
+used, if <VAR>filename</VAR>
+is given, then it is used as the history file. If not, then
+the value of the <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> variable is used.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<P>
+
+The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
+to the history expansion provided by <CODE>csh</CODE>. This section
+describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information.
+</P><P>
+
+History expansions introduce words from the history list into
+the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
+arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
+fix errors in previous commands quickly.
+</P><P>
+
+History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine
+which line from the history list should be used during substitution.
+The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the
+current one. The line selected from the history is called the
+<EM>event</EM>, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
+called <EM>words</EM>. Various <EM>modifiers</EM> are available to manipulate
+the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion
+that Bash does, so that several words
+surrounded by quotes are considered one word.
+History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
+history expansion character, which is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> by default.
+Only <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP> may be used to escape the history expansion
+character.
+</P><P>
+
+Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
+the behavior of history expansion. If the
+<CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline
+is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
+the shell parser.
+Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the Readline
+editing buffer for further modification.
+If Readline is being used, and the <CODE>histreedit</CODE>
+shell option is enabled, a failed history expansion will be
+reloaded into the Readline editing buffer for correction.
+The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin command
+may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it.
+The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin may be used to
+add commands to the end of the history list without actually executing
+them, so that they are available for subsequent recall.
+This is most useful in conjunction with Readline.
+</P><P>
+
+The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
+history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable,
+as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
+the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
+writing the history file.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<P>
+
+An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
+history list.
+<A NAME="IDX537"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>!</CODE>
+<DD>Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab,
+the end of the line, <SAMP>`='</SAMP> or <SAMP>`('</SAMP> (when the
+<CODE>extglob</CODE> shell option is enabled using the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!<VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Refer to command line <VAR>n</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!-<VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Refer to the command <VAR>n</VAR> lines back.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!!</CODE>
+<DD>Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`!-1'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!<VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Refer to the most recent command starting with <VAR>string</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!?<VAR>string</VAR>[?]</CODE>
+<DD>Refer to the most recent command containing <VAR>string</VAR>. The trailing
+<SAMP>`?'</SAMP> may be omitted if the <VAR>string</VAR> is followed immediately by
+a newline.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>^<VAR>string1</VAR>^<VAR>string2</VAR>^</CODE>
+<DD>Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing <VAR>string1</VAR>
+with <VAR>string2</VAR>. Equivalent to
+<CODE>!!:s/<VAR>string1</VAR>/<VAR>string2</VAR>/</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!#</CODE>
+<DD>The entire command line typed so far.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
+<P>
+
+Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
+A <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> separates the event specification from the word designator. It
+may be omitted if the word designator begins with a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>. Words are numbered from the beginning
+of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are
+inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
+</P><P>
+
+For example,
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>!!</CODE>
+<DD>designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding
+command is repeated in toto.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!!:$</CODE>
+<DD>designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be
+shortened to <CODE>!$</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>!fi:2</CODE>
+<DD>designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with
+the letters <CODE>fi</CODE>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+Here are the word designators:
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>0 (zero)</CODE>
+<DD>The <CODE>0</CODE>th word. For many applications, this is the command word.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>The <VAR>n</VAR>th word.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>^</CODE>
+<DD>The first argument; that is, word 1.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>$</CODE>
+<DD>The last argument.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>%</CODE>
+<DD>The word matched by the most recent <SAMP>`?<VAR>string</VAR>?'</SAMP> search.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-<VAR>y</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>A range of words; <SAMP>`-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP> abbreviates <SAMP>`0-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
+<DD>All of the words, except the <CODE>0</CODE>th. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`1-$'</SAMP>.
+It is not an error to use <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> if there is just one word in the event;
+the empty string is returned in that case.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>*</CODE>
+<DD>Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP>
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-</CODE>
+<DD>Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP> like <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>*'</SAMP>, but omits the last word.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+previous command is used as the event.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC125::-->
+<P>
+
+After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
+of the following modifiers, each preceded by a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>h</CODE>
+<DD>Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>t</CODE>
+<DD>Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>r</CODE>
+<DD>Remove a trailing suffix of the form <SAMP>`.<VAR>suffix</VAR>'</SAMP>, leaving
+the basename.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>e</CODE>
+<DD>Remove all but the trailing suffix.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>p</CODE>
+<DD>Print the new command but do not execute it.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>q</CODE>
+<DD>Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>x</CODE>
+<DD>Quote the substituted words as with <SAMP>`q'</SAMP>,
+but break into words at spaces, tabs, and newlines.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>s/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE>
+<DD>Substitute <VAR>new</VAR> for the first occurrence of <VAR>old</VAR> in the
+event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>.
+The delimiter may be quoted in <VAR>old</VAR> and <VAR>new</VAR>
+with a single backslash. If <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> appears in <VAR>new</VAR>,
+it is replaced by <VAR>old</VAR>. A single backslash will quote
+the <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last
+character on the input line.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>&</CODE>
+<DD>Repeat the previous substitution.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>g</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>a</CODE>
+<DD>Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in
+conjunction with <SAMP>`s'</SAMP>, as in <CODE>gs/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE>,
+or with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>G</CODE>
+<DD>Apply the following <SAMP>`s'</SAMP> modifier once to each word in the event.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC126::-->
+<P>
+
+This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
+the various supported platforms. The distribution supports the
+GNU operating systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several
+non-Unix systems such as BeOS and Interix.
+Other independent ports exist for
+MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows platforms.
+</P><P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+ systems.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+ than one kind of system from
+ the same source tree.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+ programs.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+ building Bash.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Basic Installation"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC127"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC127::-->
+<P>
+
+These are installation instructions for Bash.
+</P><P>
+
+The simplest way to compile Bash is:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+<CODE>cd</CODE> to the directory containing the source code and type
+<SAMP>`./configure'</SAMP> to configure Bash for your system. If you're
+using <CODE>csh</CODE> on an old version of System V, you might need to
+type <SAMP>`sh ./configure'</SAMP> instead to prevent <CODE>csh</CODE> from trying
+to execute <CODE>configure</CODE> itself.
+<P>
+
+Running <CODE>configure</CODE> takes some time.
+While running, it prints messages telling which features it is
+checking for.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+Type <SAMP>`make'</SAMP> to compile Bash and build the <CODE>bashbug</CODE> bug
+reporting script.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Optionally, type <SAMP>`make tests'</SAMP> to run the Bash test suite.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Type <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> to install <CODE>bash</CODE> and <CODE>bashbug</CODE>.
+This will also install the manual pages and Info file.
+<P>
+
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>configure</CODE> shell script attempts to guess correct
+values for various system-dependent variables used during
+compilation. It uses those values to create a <TT>`Makefile'</TT> in
+each directory of the package (the top directory, the
+<TT>`builtins'</TT>, <TT>`doc'</TT>, and <TT>`support'</TT> directories,
+each directory under <TT>`lib'</TT>, and several others). It also creates a
+<TT>`config.h'</TT> file containing system-dependent definitions.
+Finally, it creates a shell script named <CODE>config.status</CODE> that you
+can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a
+file <TT>`config.cache'</TT> that saves the results of its tests to
+speed up reconfiguring, and a file <TT>`config.log'</TT> containing
+compiler output (useful mainly for debugging <CODE>configure</CODE>).
+If at some point
+<TT>`config.cache'</TT> contains results you don't want to keep, you
+may remove or edit it.
+</P><P>
+
+To find out more about the options and arguments that the
+<CODE>configure</CODE> script understands, type
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash-2.04$ ./configure --help
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory.
+</P><P>
+
+If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please
+try to figure out how <CODE>configure</CODE> could check whether or not
+to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
+<A HREF="mailto:bash-maintainers@gnu.org">bash-maintainers@gnu.org</A> so they can be
+considered for the next release.
+</P><P>
+
+The file <TT>`configure.in'</TT> is used to create <CODE>configure</CODE>
+by a program called Autoconf. You only need
+<TT>`configure.in'</TT> if you want to change it or regenerate
+<CODE>configure</CODE> using a newer version of Autoconf. If
+you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
+newer.
+</P><P>
+
+You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
+source code directory by typing <SAMP>`make clean'</SAMP>. To also remove the
+files that <CODE>configure</CODE> created (so you can compile Bash for
+a different kind of computer), type <SAMP>`make distclean'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC128"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC128::-->
+<P>
+
+Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
+that the <CODE>configure</CODE> script does not know about. You can
+give <CODE>configure</CODE> initial values for variables by setting
+them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you
+can do that on the command line like this:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+On systems that have the <CODE>env</CODE> program, you can do it like this:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it
+is available.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC129"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC129::-->
+<P>
+
+You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
+same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
+own directory. To do this, you must use a version of <CODE>make</CODE> that
+supports the <CODE>VPATH</CODE> variable, such as GNU <CODE>make</CODE>.
+<CODE>cd</CODE> to the
+directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
+the <CODE>configure</CODE> script from the source directory. You may need to
+supply the <SAMP>`--srcdir=PATH'</SAMP> argument to tell <CODE>configure</CODE> where the
+source files are. <CODE>configure</CODE> automatically checks for the
+source code in the directory that <CODE>configure</CODE> is in and in `..'.
+</P><P>
+
+If you have to use a <CODE>make</CODE> that does not supports the <CODE>VPATH</CODE>
+variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
+time in the source code directory. After you have installed
+Bash for one architecture, use <SAMP>`make distclean'</SAMP> before
+reconfiguring for another architecture.
+</P><P>
+
+Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the
+<TT>`support/mkclone'</TT> script to create a build tree which has
+symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an
+example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a
+source directory <TT>`/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0'</TT>:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The <CODE>mkclone</CODE> script requires Bash, so you must have already built
+Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build
+directories for other architectures.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC130"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC130::-->
+<P>
+
+By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
+<TT>`/usr/local/bin'</TT>, <TT>`/usr/local/man'</TT>, etc. You can
+specify an installation prefix other than <TT>`/usr/local'</TT> by
+giving <CODE>configure</CODE> the option <SAMP>`--prefix=<VAR>PATH</VAR>'</SAMP>,
+or by specifying a value for the <CODE>DESTDIR</CODE> <SAMP>`make'</SAMP>
+variable when running <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+You can specify separate installation prefixes for
+architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
+If you give <CODE>configure</CODE> the option
+<SAMP>`--exec-prefix=<VAR>PATH</VAR>'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will use
+<VAR>PATH</VAR> as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
+Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC131::-->
+<P>
+
+There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
+automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash
+will run on. Usually <CODE>configure</CODE> can figure that
+out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host
+type, give it the <SAMP>`--host=TYPE'</SAMP> option. <SAMP>`TYPE'</SAMP> can
+either be a short name for the system type, such as <SAMP>`sun4'</SAMP>,
+or a canonical name with three fields: <SAMP>`CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM'</SAMP>
+(e.g., <SAMP>`i386-unknown-freebsd4.2'</SAMP>).
+</P><P>
+
+See the file <TT>`support/config.sub'</TT> for the possible
+values of each field.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC132::-->
+<P>
+
+If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
+share, you can create a site shell script called
+<CODE>config.site</CODE> that gives default values for variables like
+<CODE>CC</CODE>, <CODE>cache_file</CODE>, and <CODE>prefix</CODE>. <CODE>configure</CODE>
+looks for <TT>`PREFIX/share/config.site'</TT> if it exists, then
+<TT>`PREFIX/etc/config.site'</TT> if it exists. Or, you can set the
+<CODE>CONFIG_SITE</CODE> environment variable to the location of the site
+script. A warning: the Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> looks for a site script,
+but not all <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts do.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<P>
+
+<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
+operates.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>--cache-file=<VAR>file</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Use and save the results of the tests in
+<VAR>file</VAR> instead of <TT>`./config.cache'</TT>. Set <VAR>file</VAR> to
+<TT>`/dev/null'</TT> to disable caching, for debugging
+<CODE>configure</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--help</CODE>
+<DD>Print a summary of the options to <CODE>configure</CODE>, and exit.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--quiet</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>--silent</CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE>-q</CODE>
+<DD>Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--srcdir=<VAR>dir</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Look for the Bash source code in directory <VAR>dir</VAR>. Usually
+<CODE>configure</CODE> can determine that directory automatically.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--version</CODE>
+<DD>Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the <CODE>configure</CODE>
+script, and exit.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<CODE>configure</CODE> also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate
+options. <SAMP>`configure --help'</SAMP> prints the complete list.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<P>
+
+The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
+options, where <VAR>feature</VAR> indicates an optional part of Bash.
+There are also several <SAMP>`--with-<VAR>package</VAR>'</SAMP> options,
+where <VAR>package</VAR> is something like <SAMP>`bash-malloc'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`purify'</SAMP>.
+To turn off the default use of a package, use
+<SAMP>`--without-<VAR>package</VAR>'</SAMP>. To configure Bash without a feature
+that is enabled by default, use <SAMP>`--disable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+Here is a complete list of the <SAMP>`--enable-'</SAMP> and
+<SAMP>`--with-'</SAMP> options that the Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>--with-afs</CODE>
+<DD>Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--with-bash-malloc</CODE>
+<DD>Use the Bash version of
+<CODE>malloc</CODE> in the directory <TT>`lib/malloc'</TT>. This is not the same
+<CODE>malloc</CODE> that appears in GNU libc, but an older version
+originally derived from the 4.2 BSD <CODE>malloc</CODE>. This <CODE>malloc</CODE>
+is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation.
+This option is enabled by default.
+The <TT>`NOTES'</TT> file contains a list of systems for
+which this should be turned off, and <CODE>configure</CODE> disables this
+option automatically for a number of systems.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--with-curses</CODE>
+<DD>Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should
+be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap
+database.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--with-gnu-malloc</CODE>
+<DD>A synonym for <CODE>--with-bash-malloc</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--with-installed-readline[=<VAR>PREFIX</VAR>]</CODE>
+<DD>Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline
+rather than the version in <TT>`lib/readline'</TT>. This works only with
+Readline 5.0 and later versions. If <VAR>PREFIX</VAR> is <CODE>yes</CODE> or not
+supplied, <CODE>configure</CODE> uses the values of the make variables
+<CODE>includedir</CODE> and <CODE>libdir</CODE>, which are subdirectories of <CODE>prefix</CODE>
+by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in
+the standard system include and library directories.
+If <VAR>PREFIX</VAR> is <CODE>no</CODE>, Bash links with the version in
+<TT>`lib/readline'</TT>.
+If <VAR>PREFIX</VAR> is set to any other value, <CODE>configure</CODE> treats it as
+a directory pathname and looks for
+the installed version of Readline in subdirectories of that directory
+(include files in <VAR>PREFIX</VAR>/<CODE>include</CODE> and the library in
+<VAR>PREFIX</VAR>/<CODE>lib</CODE>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--with-purify</CODE>
+<DD>Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational
+Software.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-minimal-config</CODE>
+<DD>This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical
+Bourne shell.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+There are several <SAMP>`--enable-'</SAMP> options that alter how Bash is
+compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>--enable-largefile</CODE>
+<DD>Enable support for <A HREF="http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html">large files</A> if the operating system requires special compiler options
+to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
+default, if the operating system provides large file support.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-profiling</CODE>
+<DD>This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be
+processed by <CODE>gprof</CODE> each time it is executed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-static-link</CODE>
+<DD>This causes Bash to be linked statically, if <CODE>gcc</CODE> is being used.
+This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The <SAMP>`minimal-config'</SAMP> option can be used to disable all of
+the following options, but it is processed first, so individual
+options may be enabled using <SAMP>`enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+All of the following options except for <SAMP>`disabled-builtins'</SAMP> and
+<SAMP>`xpg-echo-default'</SAMP> are
+enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
+necessary support.
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE>
+<DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for the alternate form of the <CODE>for</CODE> command
+that behaves like the C language <CODE>for</CODE> statement
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
+<DD>Include <CODE>csh</CODE>-like brace expansion
+( <CODE>b{a,b}c</CODE> ==> <CODE>bac bbc</CODE> ).
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-attributes</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for case-modifying attributes in the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin
+and assignment statements. Variables with the <VAR>uppercase</VAR> attribute,
+for example, will have their values converted to uppercase upon assignment.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-expansion</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for case-modifying word expansions.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-command-timing</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for recognizing <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word and for
+displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following <CODE>time</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>).
+This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-cond-command</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-cond-regexp</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the
+<SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> binary operator in the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-coprocesses</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for coprocesses and the <CODE>coproc</CODE> reserved word
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-debugger</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
+<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE>
+<DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP>
+even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>.
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
+<CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-dparen-arithmetic</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for the <CODE>((<small>...</small>))</CODE> command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
+above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE>
+<DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
+variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
+<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
+<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
+if the operating system supports them.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-multibyte</CODE>
+<DD>This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating
+system provides the necessary support.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-net-redirections</CODE>
+<DD>This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
+<CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> and
+<CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
+when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-process-substitution</CODE>
+<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if
+the operating system provides the necessary support.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE>
+<DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE>
+<DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
+in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt
+strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
+string escape sequences.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
+version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash,
+when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE>
+<DD>Include the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin, which allows the generation of simple
+menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-separate-helpfiles</CODE>
+<DD>Use external files for the documentation displayed by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin
+instead of storing the text internally.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-single-help-strings</CODE>
+<DD>Store the text displayed by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin as a single string for
+each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages.
+You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string
+literals.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE>
+<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE>
+<DD>A synonym for <CODE>--enable-xpg-echo-default</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>--enable-xpg-echo-default</CODE>
+<DD>Make the <CODE>echo</CODE> builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default,
+without requiring the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option.
+This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>,
+which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in
+the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
+<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
+<P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The file <TT>`config-top.h'</TT> contains C Preprocessor
+<SAMP>`#define'</SAMP> statements for options which are not settable from
+<CODE>configure</CODE>.
+Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if
+you do.
+Read the comments associated with each definition for more
+information about its effect.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<P>
+
+Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
+But first, you should
+make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+version of Bash.
+The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from
+<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
+<CODE>bashbug</CODE> command to submit a bug report.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
+to <A HREF="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</A> or posted to the Usenet
+newsgroup <CODE>gnu.bash.bug</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+All bug reports should include:
+<UL>
+<LI>
+The version number of Bash.
+<LI>
+The hardware and operating system.
+<LI>
+The compiler used to compile Bash.
+<LI>
+A description of the bug behaviour.
+<LI>
+A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
+to reproduce it.
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+<CODE>bashbug</CODE> inserts the first three items automatically into
+the template it provides for filing a bug report.
+</P><P>
+
+Please send all reports concerning this manual to
+<A HREF="mailto:chet@po.CWRU.Edu">chet@po.CWRU.Edu</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<P>
+
+Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
+variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell.
+Bash uses the POSIX standard as the specification of
+how these features are to be implemented. There are some
+differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this
+section quickly details the differences of significance. A
+number of these differences are explained in greater depth in
+previous sections.
+This section uses the version of <CODE>sh</CODE> included in SVR4.2 (the
+last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference.
+</P><P>
+
+<UL>
+
+<LI>
+Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification
+differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
+the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
+<CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to
+manipulate it.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
+The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
+value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
+appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
+Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
+Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>$'<small>...</small>'</CODE> quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C
+backslash-escaped characters in the text between the single quotes,
+is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash supports the <CODE>$"<small>...</small>"</CODE> quoting syntax to do
+locale-specific translation of the characters between the double
+quotes. The <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`--dump-strings'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`--dump-po-strings'</SAMP>
+invocation options list the translatable strings found in a script
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements the <CODE>!</CODE> keyword to negate the return value of
+a pipeline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>).
+Very useful when an <CODE>if</CODE> statement needs to act only if a test fails.
+The Bash <SAMP>`-o pipefail'</SAMP> option to <CODE>set</CODE> will cause a pipeline to
+return a failure status if any command fails.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has the <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word and command timing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>).
+The display of the timing statistics may be controlled with the
+<CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements the <CODE>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> ))</CODE>
+arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the <CODE>select</CODE> compound command, which allows the
+generation of simple menus (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command, which makes conditional
+testing part of the shell grammar (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>), including
+optional regular expression matching.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the <CODE>case</CODE> and
+<CODE>[[</CODE> constructs.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>),
+and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically
+exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do
+this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the <CODE>export</CODE>
+command.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash supports the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> assignment operator, which appends to the value
+of the variable named on the left hand side.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the POSIX pattern removal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP>
+and <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
+variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The expansion <CODE>${#xx}</CODE>, which returns the length of <CODE>${xx}</CODE>,
+is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The expansion <CODE>${var:</CODE><VAR>offset</VAR><CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>length</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
+which expands to the substring of <CODE>var</CODE>'s value of length
+<VAR>length</VAR>, beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>, is present
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The expansion
+<CODE>${var/[/]</CODE><VAR>pattern</VAR><CODE>[/</CODE><VAR>replacement</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
+which matches <VAR>pattern</VAR> and replaces it with <VAR>replacement</VAR> in
+the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to
+the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>,
+is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has <VAR>indirect</VAR> variable expansion using <CODE>${!word}</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash can expand positional parameters beyond <CODE>$9</CODE> using
+<CODE>${<VAR>num</VAR>}</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The POSIX <CODE>$()</CODE> form of command substitution
+is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>),
+and preferred to the Bourne shell's <CODE>"</CODE> (which
+is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the
+current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host
+(<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>),
+and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>,
+<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
+for details.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
+not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
+including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and
+<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the <CODE>extglob</CODE>
+shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name;
+<CODE>sh</CODE> does not separate the two name spaces.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
+<CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
+builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
+In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments
+preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
+file system.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
+to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash contains the <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a file to be
+opened for both reading and writing, and the <SAMP>`&>'</SAMP> redirection
+operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
+file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the <SAMP>`<<<'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a string to
+be used as the standard input to a command.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements the <SAMP>`[n]<&<VAR>word</VAR>'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`[n]>&<VAR>word</VAR>'</SAMP>
+redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
+used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
+with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing
+files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and
+physical modes.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
+access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
+<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions
+when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE>
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users
+to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
+command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
+using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>export</CODE>, <CODE>readonly</CODE>, and <CODE>declare</CODE> builtins can
+take a <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to act on shell functions, a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to
+display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be
+used as shell input, a <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option to remove various variable
+attributes, and <SAMP>`name=value'</SAMP> arguments to set variable attributes
+and values simultaneously.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with
+an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
+searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with
+the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a
+default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
+The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin
+also accepts a prompt string with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option and will use
+Readline to obtain the line when given the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option.
+The <CODE>read</CODE> builtin also has additional options to control input:
+the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option will turn off echoing of input characters as
+they are read, the <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> option will allow <CODE>read</CODE> to time out
+if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, the
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option will allow reading only a specified number of
+characters rather than a full line, and the <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option will read
+until a particular character rather than newline.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
+executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell
+optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE>
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
+simple commands when performing an execution trace
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm,
+which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes the <CODE>caller</CODE> builtin, which displays the context of
+any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with
+the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins). This supports the bash
+debugger.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>.
+Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every
+simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command,
+<CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+The <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+function has been given the <CODE>trace</CODE> attribute or the
+<CODE>functrace</CODE> option has been enabled using the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin.
+The <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option has additional effects on the
+<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
+<P>
+
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
+<CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
+Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple
+command fails, with a few exceptions.
+The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+<CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled.
+</P><P>
+
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+<CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to
+<CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
+Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before
+execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed with
+<CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> returns.
+The <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+function has been given the <CODE>trace</CODE> attribute or the
+<CODE>functrace</CODE> option has been enabled using the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information
+about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause
+the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command
+that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the
+<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
+<CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
+strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
+the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
+job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
+of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
+<CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash includes a number of features to support a separate debugger for
+shell scripts.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins
+(<CODE>mldmode</CODE> and <CODE>priv</CODE>) not present in Bash.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash does not have the <CODE>stop</CODE> or <CODE>newgrp</CODE> builtins.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash does not use the <CODE>SHACCT</CODE> variable or perform shell accounting.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 <CODE>sh</CODE> uses a <CODE>TIMEOUT</CODE> variable like Bash uses
+<CODE>TMOUT</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<P>
+
+Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
+many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
+</P><P>
+
+<UL>
+
+<LI>
+Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of
+a shell control structure such as an <CODE>if</CODE> or <CODE>while</CODE>
+statement.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently
+insert a needed closing quote at <CODE>EOF</CODE> under certain circumstances.
+This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on
+trapping <CODE>SIGSEGV</CODE>. If the shell is started from a process with
+<CODE>SIGSEGV</CODE> blocked (e.g., by using the <CODE>system()</CODE> C library
+function call), it misbehaves badly.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell,
+when invoked without the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, will alter its real
+and effective UID and GID if they are less than some
+magic threshold value, commonly 100.
+This can lead to unexpected results.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap <CODE>SIGSEGV</CODE>,
+<CODE>SIGALRM</CODE>, or <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the <CODE>IFS</CODE>, <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>,
+<CODE>PATH</CODE>, <CODE>PS1</CODE>, or <CODE>PS2</CODE> variables to be unset.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell treats <SAMP>`^'</SAMP> as the undocumented equivalent of
+<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (<CODE>-x -v</CODE>);
+the SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (<CODE>-xv</CODE>). In
+fact, some versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins
+with a <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits
+a script only if one of the POSIX special builtins fails, and
+only for certain failures, as enumerated in the POSIX standard.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as <CODE>jsh</CODE>
+(it turns on job control).
+</UL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<P>
+
+<center>
+ Version 1.2, November 2002
+</center>
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=display><pre style="font-family: serif">Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+PREAMBLE
+<P>
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+functional and useful document <EM>free</EM> in the sense of freedom: to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
+for modifications made by others.
+</P><P>
+
+This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+</P><P>
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+<P>
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
+work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
+refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
+licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
+under copyright law.
+</P><P>
+
+A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+</P><P>
+
+A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
+subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
+directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
+part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
+any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+</P><P>
+
+The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
+allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
+Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
+Sections then there are none.
+</P><P>
+
+The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
+</P><P>
+
+A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
+of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
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+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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+output purposes only.
+</P><P>
+
+The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+</P><P>
+
+A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
+text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
+specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
+"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
+</P><P>
+
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
+states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
+no effect on the meaning of this License.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+VERBATIM COPYING
+<P>
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+</P><P>
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+COPYING IN QUANTITY
+<P>
+
+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
+Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+</P><P>
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+</P><P>
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+</P><P>
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+MODIFICATIONS
+<P>
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+</P><P>
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
+unless they release you from this requirement.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+Modified Version, as the publisher.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
+to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
+stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
+You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
+the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
+substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
+dedications given therein.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
+may not be included in the Modified Version.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or
+to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+</P><P>
+
+You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+</P><P>
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+</P><P>
+
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+<P>
+
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+</P><P>
+
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+</P><P>
+
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
+"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
+and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all
+sections Entitled "Endorsements."
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+<P>
+
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+</P><P>
+
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+<P>
+
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
+of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
+derivative works of the Document.
+</P><P>
+
+If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
+the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
+aggregate.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+TRANSLATION
+<P>
+
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
+the original English version of this License and the original versions
+of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
+</P><P>
+
+If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
+"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
+its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
+title.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+TERMINATION
+<P>
+
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
+as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
+copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+</P><P>
+
+<LI>
+FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+<P>
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>.
+</P><P>
+
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
+</OL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<P>
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> Copyright (C) <VAR>year</VAR> <VAR>your name</VAR>.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+ Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+ Free Documentation License''.
+</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
+replace the "with<small>...</small>Texts." line with this:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with
+ the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
+ being <VAR>list</VAR>.
+</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+</P><P>
+
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
+<P>
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+ variable you want.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+ this manual.</TD></TR>
+</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
+
+<BR>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_G" style="text-decoration:none"><b>G</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_H" style="text-decoration:none"><b>H</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_J" style="text-decoration:none"><b>J</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_K" style="text-decoration:none"><b>K</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_L" style="text-decoration:none"><b>L</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P></P>
+<TABLE border=0>
+<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
+
+<BR>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_G" style="text-decoration:none"><b>G</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_H" style="text-decoration:none"><b>H</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_J" style="text-decoration:none"><b>J</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_K" style="text-decoration:none"><b>K</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_L" style="text-decoration:none"><b>L</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P>
+
+<A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
+<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_]" style="text-decoration:none"><b>]</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_{" style="text-decoration:none"><b>{</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_}" style="text-decoration:none"><b>}</b></A>
+
+<BR>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_I" style="text-decoration:none"><b>I</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P></P>
+<TABLE border=0>
+<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX25"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX41"><CODE>[[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_]"></A>]</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX42"><CODE>]]</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_{"></A>{</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX43"><CODE>{</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_}"></A>}</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX44"><CODE>}</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX37"><CODE>case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX28"><CODE>do</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX29"><CODE>done</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX35"><CODE>elif</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX34"><CODE>else</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX39"><CODE>esac</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX36"><CODE>fi</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX31"><CODE>for</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX32"><CODE>if</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX38"><CODE>in</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX40"><CODE>select</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX33"><CODE>then</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX24"><CODE>time</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX27"><CODE>until</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX30"><CODE>while</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_]" style="text-decoration:none"><b>]</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_{" style="text-decoration:none"><b>{</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_}" style="text-decoration:none"><b>}</b></A>
+
+<BR>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_I" style="text-decoration:none"><b>I</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P>
+
+<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC143::-->
+<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_$" style="text-decoration:none"><b>$</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_*" style="text-decoration:none"><b>*</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_-" style="text-decoration:none"><b>-</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_0" style="text-decoration:none"><b>0</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_?" style="text-decoration:none"><b>?</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_@" style="text-decoration:none"><b>@</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr__" style="text-decoration:none"><b>_</b></A>
+
+<BR>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_G" style="text-decoration:none"><b>G</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_H" style="text-decoration:none"><b>H</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_I" style="text-decoration:none"><b>I</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_K" style="text-decoration:none"><b>K</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_L" style="text-decoration:none"><b>L</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_O" style="text-decoration:none"><b>O</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_V" style="text-decoration:none"><b>V</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P></P>
+<TABLE border=0>
+<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_$" style="text-decoration:none"><b>$</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_*" style="text-decoration:none"><b>*</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_-" style="text-decoration:none"><b>-</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_0" style="text-decoration:none"><b>0</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_O" style="text-decoration:none"><b>O</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_V" style="text-decoration:none"><b>V</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P>
+
+<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC144::-->
+<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_F" style="text-decoration:none"><b>F</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_G" style="text-decoration:none"><b>G</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_H" style="text-decoration:none"><b>H</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_I" style="text-decoration:none"><b>I</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_K" style="text-decoration:none"><b>K</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_N" style="text-decoration:none"><b>N</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_O" style="text-decoration:none"><b>O</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_Q" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Q</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_Y" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Y</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P></P>
+<TABLE border=0>
+<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
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+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_N" style="text-decoration:none"><b>N</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_O" style="text-decoration:none"><b>O</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_Q" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Q</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_U" style="text-decoration:none"><b>U</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_Y" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Y</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P>
+
+<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC145::-->
+<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_C" style="text-decoration:none"><b>C</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_D" style="text-decoration:none"><b>D</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_E" style="text-decoration:none"><b>E</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_H" style="text-decoration:none"><b>H</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_I" style="text-decoration:none"><b>I</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_J" style="text-decoration:none"><b>J</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_K" style="text-decoration:none"><b>K</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_L" style="text-decoration:none"><b>L</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_N" style="text-decoration:none"><b>N</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_O" style="text-decoration:none"><b>O</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_Q" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Q</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_V" style="text-decoration:none"><b>V</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_Y" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Y</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P></P>
+<TABLE border=0>
+<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">commands, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">commands, grouping</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">commands, lists</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">commands, looping</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">commands, pipelines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9">metacharacter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX19">token</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">translation, native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_S" style="text-decoration:none"><b>S</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_T" style="text-decoration:none"><b>T</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_V" style="text-decoration:none"><b>V</b></A>
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+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_W" style="text-decoration:none"><b>W</b></A>
+
+<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_Y" style="text-decoration:none"><b>Y</b></A>
+
+</td></tr></table><br><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC_Contents"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="bashref.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC2" HREF="bashref.html#SEC2">1.1 What is Bash?</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC3" HREF="bashref.html#SEC3">1.2 What is a shell?</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC4" HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC6" HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC7" HREF="bashref.html#SEC7">3.1.1 Shell Operation</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC8" HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC9" HREF="bashref.html#SEC9">3.1.2.1 Escape Character</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC10" HREF="bashref.html#SEC10">3.1.2.2 Single Quotes</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC11" HREF="bashref.html#SEC11">3.1.2.3 Double Quotes</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC12" HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC13" HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC14" HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC15" HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC16" HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC17" HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC18" HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC19" HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC20" HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC21" HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC22" HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
+<BR>
+<UL>
+<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<BR>
+</UL>
+</UL>
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC_OVERVIEW"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="bashref.html#SEC1">1. Introduction</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC4" HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
+<BR>
+
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<A NAME="SEC_About"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H1>About this document</H1>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 5 2009</I>
+using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
+"><I>texi2html</I></A>
+<P></P>
+The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
+<P></P>
+<table border = "1">
+<TR>
+<TH> Button </TH>
+<TH> Name </TH>
+<TH> Go to </TH>
+<TH> From 1.2.3 go to</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ < ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Back
+</TD>
+<TD>
+previous section in reading order
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2.2
+</TD>
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+ [ > ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Forward
+</TD>
+<TD>
+next section in reading order
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2.4
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ << ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+FastBack
+</TD>
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+previous or up-and-previous section
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.1
+</TD>
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+ [ Up ] </TD>
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+Up
+</TD>
+<TD>
+up section
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.2
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ >> ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+FastForward
+</TD>
+<TD>
+next or up-and-next section
+</TD>
+<TD>
+1.3
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Top] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Top
+</TD>
+<TD>
+cover (top) of document
+</TD>
+<TD>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Contents] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Contents
+</TD>
+<TD>
+table of contents
+</TD>
+<TD>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [Index] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+Index
+</TD>
+<TD>
+concept index
+</TD>
+<TD>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+ [ ? ] </TD>
+<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
+About
+</TD>
+<TD>
+this page
+</TD>
+<TD>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P></P>
+where the <STRONG> Example </STRONG> assumes that the current position
+is at <STRONG> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </STRONG> of a document of
+the following structure:
+<UL>
+<LI> 1. Section One </LI>
+<UL>
+<LI>1.1 Subsection One-One</LI>
+<UL>
+<LI> ... </LI>
+</UL>
+<LI>1.2 Subsection One-Two</LI>
+<UL>
+<LI>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One
+</LI><LI>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two
+</LI><LI>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three <STRONG>
+<== Current Position </STRONG>
+</LI><LI>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four
+</LI></UL>
+<LI>1.3 Subsection One-Three</LI>
+<UL>
+<LI> ... </LI>
+</UL>
+<LI>1.4 Subsection One-Four</LI>
+</UL>
+</UL>
+
+<HR SIZE=1>
+<BR>
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+This document was generated
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 5 2009</I>
+using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
+"><I>texi2html</I></A>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
-This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from
+This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).
- This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
- Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).
- This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
`coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]
This creates a coprocess named NAME. If NAME is not supplied, the
-default name is COPROC.
+default name is COPROC. NAME must not be supplied if COMMAND is a
+simple command (*note Simple Commands::); otherwise, it is interpreted
+as the first word of the simple command.
When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
(*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell. The
In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset. Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
+colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. Put
+another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
+PARAMETER's existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is
+omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
`${PARAMETER:-WORD}'
If PARAMETER is unset or null, the expansion of WORD is
matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator converts matching
uppercase letters to lowercase. The `^^' and `,,' expansions
convert each matched character in the expanded value; the `^' and
- `,' expansions match and convert only the first character. If
- PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?', which matches every
- character. If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the case modification
- operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
- expansion is the resultant list. If PARAMETER is an array
- variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the case modification
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the
- expansion is the resultant list.
+ `,' expansions match and convert only the first character in the
+ expanded value. If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?',
+ which matches every character. If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the
+ case modification operation is applied to each positional
+ parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If
+ PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the
+ case modification operation is applied to each member of the array
+ in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
\1f
are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the
subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+ Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value
+of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX mode, Bash
+clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
+
If a command is followed by a `&' and job control is not active, the
default standard input for the command is the empty file `/dev/null'.
Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
CALLBACK.
If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000.
+ When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+ array element to be assigned as an additional argument. CALLBACK
+ is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element
+ is assigned.
If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY
before assigning to it.
Read input from file descriptor FD.
+`readarray'
+ readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
+ -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ Read lines from the standard input into array variable ARRAY, or
+ from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied.
+
+ A synonym for `mapfile'.
+
`source'
source FILENAME
A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::).
* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 342)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 383)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 387)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 408)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 412)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 484)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 201)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 480)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 492)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 281)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 286)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 484)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 515)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 521)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 496)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 527)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 533)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 327)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 607)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 619)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 344)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1344
-Node: Introduction\7f3181
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3409
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4522
-Node: Definitions\7f7062
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9980
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11199
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12229
-Node: Quoting\7f13523
-Node: Escape Character\7f14826
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15311
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15659
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16784
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17740
-Node: Comments\7f18636
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19254
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20078
-Node: Pipelines\7f20709
-Node: Lists\7f22965
-Node: Compound Commands\7f24694
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f25498
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27945
-Node: Command Grouping\7f35951
-Node: Coprocesses\7f37430
-Node: Shell Functions\7f38919
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f43380
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f45796
-Node: Special Parameters\7f46696
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f49660
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f51585
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f54338
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f56689
-Node: Command Substitution\7f65520
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f66853
-Node: Process Substitution\7f67703
-Node: Word Splitting\7f68753
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f70376
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f72516
-Node: Quote Removal\7f76155
-Node: Redirections\7f76450
-Node: Executing Commands\7f84593
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f85263
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f87193
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f89530
-Node: Environment\7f92329
-Node: Exit Status\7f93989
-Node: Signals\7f95610
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f97578
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f100096
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f101773
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f119091
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f142764
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f143109
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f152149
-Node: Special Builtins\7f163011
-Node: Shell Variables\7f163990
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f164430
-Node: Bash Variables\7f166411
-Node: Bash Features\7f188729
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f189612
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f195421
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f200390
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f200800
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f201449
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f202264
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f205544
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f209123
-Node: Aliases\7f211869
-Node: Arrays\7f214441
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f218283
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f218997
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f221889
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f224641
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f226473
-Node: Job Control\7f234326
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f234786
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f239399
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f243763
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f244921
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f246488
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f248110
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f249301
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f251090
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f252055
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f253975
-Node: Searching\7f255019
-Node: Readline Init File\7f257205
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f258352
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f271586
-Node: Sample Init File\7f274119
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f277236
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f278443
-Node: Commands For History\7f279587
-Node: Commands For Text\7f282742
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f285415
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f287866
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f289005
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f292772
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f293343
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f298654
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f299568
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f305401
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f313827
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f314511
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f317425
-Node: History Interaction\7f321282
-Node: Event Designators\7f323987
-Node: Word Designators\7f325002
-Node: Modifiers\7f326641
-Node: Installing Bash\7f328045
-Node: Basic Installation\7f329182
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f331874
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f332615
-Node: Installation Names\7f334279
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f335097
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f335813
-Node: Operation Controls\7f336486
-Node: Optional Features\7f337444
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f346846
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f348040
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f364727
-Node: Indexes\7f387188
-Node: Builtin Index\7f387642
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f394396
-Node: Variable Index\7f396844
-Node: Function Index\7f408650
-Node: Concept Index\7f415382
+Node: Top\7f1346
+Node: Introduction\7f3185
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3413
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4526
+Node: Definitions\7f7066
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9984
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11203
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12233
+Node: Quoting\7f13527
+Node: Escape Character\7f14830
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15315
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15663
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16788
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17744
+Node: Comments\7f18640
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19258
+Node: Simple Commands\7f20082
+Node: Pipelines\7f20713
+Node: Lists\7f22969
+Node: Compound Commands\7f24698
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f25502
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27949
+Node: Command Grouping\7f35955
+Node: Coprocesses\7f37434
+Node: Shell Functions\7f39078
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f43539
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f45955
+Node: Special Parameters\7f46855
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f49819
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f51744
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f54497
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f56848
+Node: Command Substitution\7f65746
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f67079
+Node: Process Substitution\7f67929
+Node: Word Splitting\7f68979
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f70602
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f72742
+Node: Quote Removal\7f76381
+Node: Redirections\7f76676
+Node: Executing Commands\7f84819
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f85489
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f87419
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f89756
+Node: Environment\7f92742
+Node: Exit Status\7f94402
+Node: Signals\7f96023
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f97991
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f100509
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f102186
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f119504
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f143695
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f144040
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f153080
+Node: Special Builtins\7f163942
+Node: Shell Variables\7f164921
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f165361
+Node: Bash Variables\7f167342
+Node: Bash Features\7f189660
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f190543
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f196352
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f201321
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f201731
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f202380
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f203195
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f206475
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f210054
+Node: Aliases\7f212800
+Node: Arrays\7f215372
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f219214
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f219928
+Node: Printing a Prompt\7f222820
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f225572
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f227404
+Node: Job Control\7f235257
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f235717
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f240330
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f244694
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f245852
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f247419
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f249041
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f250232
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f252021
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f252986
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f254906
+Node: Searching\7f255950
+Node: Readline Init File\7f258136
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f259283
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f272517
+Node: Sample Init File\7f275050
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f278167
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f279374
+Node: Commands For History\7f280518
+Node: Commands For Text\7f283673
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f286346
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f288797
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f289936
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f293703
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f294274
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f299585
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f300499
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f306332
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f314758
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f315442
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f318356
+Node: History Interaction\7f322213
+Node: Event Designators\7f324918
+Node: Word Designators\7f325933
+Node: Modifiers\7f327572
+Node: Installing Bash\7f328976
+Node: Basic Installation\7f330113
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f332805
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f333546
+Node: Installation Names\7f335210
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f336028
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f336744
+Node: Operation Controls\7f337417
+Node: Optional Features\7f338375
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f347777
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f348971
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f365658
+Node: Indexes\7f388119
+Node: Builtin Index\7f388573
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f395400
+Node: Variable Index\7f397848
+Node: Function Index\7f409654
+Node: Concept Index\7f416386
\1f
End Tag Table
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:59
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
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+cleartomark
+%%EndFont
+%%BeginFont: CMTT9
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0
+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.0) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Medium) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle 0 def
+/isFixedPitch true def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /CMTT9 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 33 /exclam put
+dup 35 /numbersign put
+dup 36 /dollar put
+dup 38 /ampersand put
+dup 39 /quoteright put
+dup 40 /parenleft put
+dup 41 /parenright put
+dup 42 /asterisk put
+dup 44 /comma put
+dup 45 /hyphen put
+dup 46 /period put
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+dup 96 /quoteleft put
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+dup 120 /x put
+dup 121 /y put
+dup 122 /z put
+dup 123 /braceleft put
+dup 125 /braceright put
+dup 126 /asciitilde put
+readonly def
+/FontBBox{-6 -233 542 698}readonly def
+currentdict end
+currentfile eexec
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+cleartomark
+%%EndFont
+%%BeginFont: CMR8
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR8 1.0
+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:40
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.0) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMR8) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Medium) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle 0 def
+/isFixedPitch false def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /CMR8 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 39 /quoteright put
+dup 45 /hyphen put
+dup 49 /one put
+dup 65 /A put
+dup 66 /B put
+dup 67 /C put
+dup 68 /D put
+dup 69 /E put
+dup 70 /F put
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+dup 80 /P put
+dup 82 /R put
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+dup 110 /n put
+dup 112 /p put
+dup 114 /r put
+dup 115 /s put
+dup 116 /t put
+dup 117 /u put
+readonly def
+/FontBBox{-36 -250 1070 750}readonly def
+currentdict end
+currentfile eexec
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+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
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+%%EndFont
+%%BeginFont: CMBX12
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX12 1.0
+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:34:54
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.0) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Bold) readonly def
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+/isFixedPitch false def
+end readonly def
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+/PaintType 0 def
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+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
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+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 11 /ff put
+dup 12 /fi put
+dup 33 /exclam put
+dup 35 /numbersign put
+dup 36 /dollar put
+dup 39 /quoteright put
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+dup 44 /comma put
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+readonly def
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+currentdict end
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+%%BeginFont: CMTI10
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B
+%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.00B) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Medium) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
+/isFixedPitch false def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /CMTI10 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 12 /fi put
+dup 46 /period put
+dup 97 /a put
+dup 99 /c put
+dup 100 /d put
+dup 101 /e put
+dup 103 /g put
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+readonly def
+/FontBBox{-163 -250 1146 969}readonly def
+currentdict end
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:40:20
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
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+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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+%%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.00B) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Medium) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle 0 def
+/isFixedPitch true def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /CMTT10 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 33 /exclam put
+dup 34 /quotedbl put
+dup 35 /numbersign put
+dup 36 /dollar put
+dup 37 /percent put
+dup 38 /ampersand put
+dup 39 /quoteright put
+dup 40 /parenleft put
+dup 41 /parenright put
+dup 42 /asterisk put
+dup 43 /plus put
+dup 44 /comma put
+dup 45 /hyphen put
+dup 46 /period put
+dup 47 /slash put
+dup 48 /zero put
+dup 49 /one put
+dup 50 /two put
+dup 51 /three put
+dup 52 /four put
+dup 53 /five put
+dup 54 /six put
+dup 55 /seven put
+dup 56 /eight put
+dup 57 /nine put
+dup 58 /colon put
+dup 59 /semicolon put
+dup 60 /less put
+dup 61 /equal put
+dup 62 /greater put
+dup 63 /question put
+dup 64 /at put
+dup 65 /A put
+dup 66 /B put
+dup 67 /C put
+dup 68 /D put
+dup 69 /E put
+dup 70 /F put
+dup 71 /G put
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+dup 75 /K put
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+dup 86 /V put
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+dup 89 /Y put
+dup 90 /Z put
+dup 91 /bracketleft put
+dup 92 /backslash put
+dup 93 /bracketright put
+dup 94 /asciicircum put
+dup 95 /underscore put
+dup 96 /quoteleft put
+dup 97 /a put
+dup 98 /b put
+dup 99 /c put
+dup 100 /d put
+dup 101 /e put
+dup 102 /f put
+dup 103 /g put
+dup 104 /h put
+dup 105 /i put
+dup 106 /j put
+dup 107 /k put
+dup 108 /l put
+dup 109 /m put
+dup 110 /n put
+dup 111 /o put
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+dup 113 /q put
+dup 114 /r put
+dup 115 /s put
+dup 116 /t put
+dup 117 /u put
+dup 118 /v put
+dup 119 /w put
+dup 120 /x put
+dup 121 /y put
+dup 122 /z put
+dup 123 /braceleft put
+dup 124 /bar put
+dup 125 /braceright put
+dup 126 /asciitilde put
+readonly def
+/FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def
+currentdict end
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+%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.00B) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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+b(text)7 b Fc(.)k(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
+g(.)33 b Fb(95)p eop end
+%%Page: 158 164
+TeXDict begin 158 163 bop 150 -116 a Ft(158)2527 b(Bash)31
+b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
+%%Trailer
+
+userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
+%%EOF
@noindent
This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.
If @var{NAME} is not supplied, the default name is @var{COPROC}.
+@var{NAME} must not be supplied if @var{command} is a simple
+command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it is interpreted as
+the first word of the simple command.
When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
(@pxref{Arrays})
In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset. Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both @var{parameter}'s existence and that its value
+is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
@table @code
to lowercase.
The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value.
If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
every character.
If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
@end example
@noindent
directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output
before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.
Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
subject to the following conditions.
The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
-part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list,
or if the command's return
status is being inverted using @code{!}.
If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c},
the default quantum is 5000.
+When @var{callback} is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+@var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the
+array element is assigned.
If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
before assigning to it.
@end table
+@item readarray
+@btindex readarray
+@example
+readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
+-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
+@end example
+Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
+or from file descriptor @var{fd}
+if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
+
+A synonym for @code{mapfile}.
+
@item source
@btindex source
@example
The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
@item -m
-The maximum resident set size.
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit).
@item -n
-The maximum number of open file descriptors.
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set).
@item -p
The pipe buffer size.
immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
@item -e
-Exit immediately if a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}) exits
-with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the
+Exit immediately if a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist
+of a single simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}),
+a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (@pxref{Command Grouping}),
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (@pxref{Command Grouping})
+returns a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
-part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||b} list,
+part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
+the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return status is being inverted using @code{!}.
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
+or if the command's return status is being inverted with @code{!}.
A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
+
@item -f
Disable file name generation (globbing).
@item COMP_WORDS
An array variable consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
+@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
the template it provides for filing a bug report.
Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-@email{chet@@po.CWRU.Edu}.
+@email{chet.ramey@@case.edu}.
@node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
@appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
--- /dev/null
+BASH_BUILTINS(1) BASH_BUILTINS(1)
+
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ bash, :, ., [, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, caller, cd, command,
+ compgen, complete, compopt, continue, declare, dirs, disown, echo,
+ enable, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, getopts, hash, help,
+ history, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, mapfile, popd, printf, pushd,
+ pwd, read, readonly, return, set, shift, shopt, source, suspend, test,
+ times, trap, true, type, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, wait -
+ bash built-in commands, see b\bba\bas\bsh\bh(1)
+
+B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
+ as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
+ options. For example, the :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not
+ accept options.
+ :\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
+ returned.
+
+ .\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, file
+ names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
+ status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
+ commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
+ cannot be read.
+
+ a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ defined.
+
+ b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ without job control.
+
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bV]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+ -\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
+ Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
+ bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
+ -\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ way that they can be re-read.
+ -\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ read.
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output.
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ that they can be re-read.
+ -\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
+ -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ Read key bindings from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ Query about which keys invoke the named _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ Unbind all keys bound to the named _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+ -\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
+ Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
+ -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ current location of the insertion point. If the executed
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ editing state.
+
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ an error occurred.
+
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ equal to 1.
+
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
+
+ c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
+ Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
+ tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
+ out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ the call stack.
+
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
+ default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
+ the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
+ _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
+ option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
+ following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
+ lowed. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-
+ empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
+ argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
+ pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ fully changed; false otherwise.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
+
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
+ fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ or no matches were generated.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-E\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt]
+ [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
+ [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-E\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ pletion specifications. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command
+ completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
+
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
+
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
+ -\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
+ Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
+ if the compspec generates no matches.
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ the compspec generates no matches.
+ d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ spec generates no matches.
+ f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ shell functions.
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
+ line.
+ p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
+ results of the other actions.
+ -\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ list of possible completions:
+ a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
+ a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
+ Array variable names.
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ specified as -\b-b\bb.
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
+ d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
+ Directory names. May also be specified as -\b-d\bd.
+ d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
+ Names of disabled shell builtins.
+ e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ specified as -\b-e\be.
+ f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
+ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Names of shell functions.
+ g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bp Group names. May also be specified as -\b-g\bg.
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
+ Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
+ h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ be specified as -\b-j\bj.
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ -\b-k\bk.
+ r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
+ s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin.
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ builtin.
+ s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
+ s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
+ u\bus\bse\ber\br User names. May also be specified as -\b-u\bu.
+ v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be
+ Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
+ ified as -\b-v\bv.
+ -\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
+ The filename expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ generate the possible completions.
+ -\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ pleted.
+ -\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions.
+ -\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ array variable.
+ -\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for filename expansion.
+ It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+ -\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ pletion after all other options have been applied.
+ -\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
+ _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
+ other options have been applied.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
+ adding a completion specification.
+
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
+ attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no comple-
+ tion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+
+ c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
+ Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
+ than or equal to 1.
+
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
+ played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The following
+ options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
+ specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above).
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above).
+ -\b-f\bf Use function names only.
+ -\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN )\b) is performed when the
+ variable is assigned a value.
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+ -\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
+ values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ variables.
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ environment.
+
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
+ able and +\b+r\br w\bwi\bil\bll\bl n\bno\bot\bt r\bre\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by a\bat\btt\btr\bri\bib\bbu\but\bte\be.\b. W\bWh\bhe\ben\bn u\bus\bse\bed\bd
+ i\bin\bn a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn,\b, m\bma\bak\bke\bes\bs e\bea\bac\bch\bh _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl,\b, a\bas\bs w\bwi\bit\bth\bh t\bth\bhe\be l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command.
+ If a variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the vari-
+ able is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function
+ using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an
+ array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see
+ A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable
+ name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read-
+ only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for
+ an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis-
+ tent function with -\b-f\bf.
+
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcp\bpl\blv\bv]\b]
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ entries from the list.
+ +\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
+ zero.
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
+ with zero.
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
+ entries.
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
+ -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
+
+ d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba n\bno\bor\br -\b-r\br
+ i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, t\bth\bhe\be s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl'\b's\bs n\bno\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb i\bis\bs u\bus\bse\bed\bd.\b. I\bIf\bf
+ t\bth\bhe\be -\b-h\bh o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs g\bgi\biv\bve\ben\bn,\b, e\bea\bac\bch\bh _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
+
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ interprets the following escape sequences:
+ \\b\a\ba alert (bell)
+ \\b\b\bb backspace
+ \\b\c\bc suppress further output
+ \\b\e\be an escape character
+ \\b\f\bf form feed
+ \\b\n\bn new line
+ \\b\r\br carriage return
+ \\b\t\bt horizontal tab
+ \\b\v\bv vertical tab
+ \\b\\\b\ backslash
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ _\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+
+ e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
+ a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
+
+ e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
+
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
+ rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+
+ e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
+ E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
+
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
+ tion.
+
+ f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
+ f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
+ rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ listing.
+
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
+ the edited commands are echoed and executed.
+
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
+ mand.
+
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
+ error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
+
+ f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ without job control.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
+ be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
+ ters is to be used.
+
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
+
+ If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
+
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ character found.
+
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
+ an error occurs.
+
+ h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the full file name of the command is determined
+ by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remembered. If the -\b-p\bp
+ option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option causes
+ the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd option
+ causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
+ supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
+ pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ or an invalid option is supplied.
+
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ structures is printed.
+ -\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ -\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
+ format
+ -\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-c\bc
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-a\ban\bnr\brw\bw [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-p\bp _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
+ With no options, display the command history list with line num-
+ bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ following meanings:
+ -\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ history file.
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
+ current history.
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ ing the history file's contents.
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ quoted to disable normal history expansion.
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
+ the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
+
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set, the time stamp information associ-
+ ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+ marked with the history comment character. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
+ for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
+ writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
+ argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument
+ to -\b-p\bp fails.
+
+ j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
+ j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs -\b-x\bx _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs ... ]
+ The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ leader.
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
+ -\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
+
+ If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
+
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
+ k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+
+ l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
+ 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
+
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
+
+ l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
+ Read lines from the standard input into array variable _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or
+ from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied. The vari-
+ able M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if supplied, have
+ the following meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ copied.
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ index is 0.
+ -\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ dard input.
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
+
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+ array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\b-
+ _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after the line is read but before the array
+ element is assigned.
+
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, or _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable.
+
+ p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
+ ing meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ manipulated.
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
+ -\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ last.
+
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
+ tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
+ fails.
+
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
+ contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
+ simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences,
+ which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for-
+ mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next
+ successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) for-
+ mats, %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in
+ the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal escapes
+ beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits), and %\b%q\bq causes
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
+ be reused as shell input.
+
+ The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+ _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
+
+ p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
+ p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ if supplied, have the following meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ manipulated.
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ zero) is at the top.
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ zero) is at the top.
+ _\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
+ new current working directory.
+
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ directory fails.
+
+ p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
+ is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ invalid option is supplied.
+
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b- _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt
+ _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
+ variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
+ ignored.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ input line, rather than newline.
+ -\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings.
+ -\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
+ -\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input.
+ -\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
+ Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
+ line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
+ displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+ -\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ continuation.
+ -\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
+ ters are not echoed.
+ -\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ if the timeout is exceeded.
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
+
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ is not a function.
+
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+
+ s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
+ resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ meanings:
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
+ subsequent commands.
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
+ is effective only when job control is enabled.
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
+ executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
+ of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
+ or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+ cause the shell to exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is exe-
+ cuted before the shell exits.
+ -\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ for execution. This is enabled by default.
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ that precede the command name.
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ tion.
+ -\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ ignored by interactive shells.
+ -\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
+ a\bal\bll\ble\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt
+ Same as -\b-a\ba.
+ b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Same as -\b-B\bB.
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ face. This is enabled by default when the shell
+ is interactive, unless the shell is started with
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
+ e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
+ Same as -\b-E\bE.
+ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
+ Same as -\b-T\bT.
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
+ h\bha\bas\bsh\bha\bal\bll\bl Same as -\b-h\bh.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bte\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Same as -\b-H\bH.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described above under
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
+ active shells.
+ i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
+ m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
+ n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br
+ Same as -\b-C\bC.
+ n\bno\boe\bex\bxe\bec\bc Same as -\b-n\bn.
+ n\bno\bog\bgl\blo\bob\bb Same as -\b-f\bf.
+ n\bno\bol\blo\bog\bg Currently ignored.
+ n\bno\bot\bti\bif\bfy\by Same as -\b-b\bb.
+ n\bno\bou\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt Same as -\b-u\bu.
+ o\bon\bne\bec\bcm\bmd\bd Same as -\b-t\bt.
+ p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
+ Same as -\b-P\bP.
+ p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ is disabled by default.
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
+ p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
+ Same as -\b-p\bp.
+ v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ This also affects the editing interface used for
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
+ x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
+ If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ output.
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they appear in the
+ environment, are ignored. If the shell is started with
+ the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user
+ (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, these
+ actions are taken and the effective user id is set to
+ the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at
+ startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning
+ this option off causes the effective user and group ids
+ to be set to the real user and group ids.
+ -\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
+ -\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
+ interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
+ -\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ above). This is on by default.
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
+ rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
+ -\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ ited in such cases.
+ -\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
+ by default when the shell is interactive.
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ working directory. It uses the physical directory
+ structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
+ change the current directory.
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ with a -\b-.
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
+ options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
+ tional parameters remain unchanged.
+
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ tered.
+
+ s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
+
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
+ table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ wise.
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
+
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ (unset) by default.
+
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ valid shell option.
+
+ The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
+
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
+ c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ whose value is the directory to change to.
+ c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ shells.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ formed.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ exiting if any jobs are stopped.
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
+ mand's =~ operator.
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ tially supplied does not exist.
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion.
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
+ If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
+ tive shells.
+ e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ enabled:
+ 1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
+ source file name and line number corresponding to
+ each function name supplied as an argument.
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ not executed.
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ in their descriptions above.
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
+ (\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
+ e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
+ above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
+ e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+ f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
+ f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ default.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
+ If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
+ text will match a files and zero or more directories and
+ subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/, only
+ directories and subdirectories match.
+ g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
+ If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
+ GNU error message format.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
+ fication.
+ h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ above). This is enabled by default.
+ h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
+ active login shell exits.
+ i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
+ If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ option is enabled by default.
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
+ rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+ l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ changed.
+ m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ played.
+ n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ completion is attempted on an empty line.
+ n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
+ n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
+ [\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
+ n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ rather than themselves.
+ p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
+ If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above) are enabled. This option is
+ enabled by default.
+ p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
+ If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ above. This option is enabled by default.
+ r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+ s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
+ ters.
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
+ If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ argument. This option is enabled by default.
+ x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ sequences by default.
+ s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
+ used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ plied, or if job control is not enabled.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
+ [\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
+ -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below.
+ !\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
+ (\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ the normal precedence of operators.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -o\bo _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is true.
+
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ evaluate conditional expressions using a set of rules
+ based on the number of arguments.
+
+ 0 arguments
+ The expression is false.
+ 1 argument
+ The expression is true if and only if the argument is not
+ null.
+ 2 arguments
+ If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
+ not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
+ false.
+ 3 arguments
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
+ result of the expression is the result of the binary test
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
+ exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ wise, the expression is false.
+ 4 arguments
+ If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ above.
+ 5 or more arguments
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ precedence using the rules listed above.
+
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
+
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
+ arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
+
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
+ fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
+
+ u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
+ can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
+ the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
+ and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
+ preted as follows:
+ -\b-a\ba All current limits are reported
+ -\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
+ -\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
+ -\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
+ -\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ children
+ -\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
+ -\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size
+ -\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
+ do not allow this value to be set)
+ -\b-p\bp The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
+ -\b-q\bq The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
+ -\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
+ -\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
+ -\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ user
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ shell
+ -\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
+ -\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
+
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
+ (the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
+ an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+
+ u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
+ The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
+ that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ and false otherwise.
+
+ u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
+
+ u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
+
+ w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ last process or job waited for.
+
+S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ bash(1), sh(1)
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0 2004 Apr 20 BASH_BUILTINS(1)
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+(ariable matching a pattern the same w)-.25 F(ay)-.1 E(leading or trailing sub\
+strings are presently stripped; that capability may be a)72 231.6 Q -.25(va)-.2
+G(ilable.).25 E .453(Another ne)97 247.2 R 2.953(we)-.25 G .453
+(xpansion will pro)156.376 247.2 R .453(vide a w)-.15 F .454
+(ay to create strings containing arbitrary characters, which is)-.1 F(incon)72
+259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.636(nient in the current v).15 F 4.136(ersion. W)-.15 F
+1.635(ords of the form $')-.8 F F1(string)A F0 4.135('w)C 1.635(ill e)355.145
+259.2 R 1.635(xpand to)-.15 F F1(string)4.135 E F0 1.635(with backslash-)4.135
+F 1.231(escaped characters in)72 271.2 R F1(string)3.731 E F0 1.231
+(replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.731 F 1.232
+(As with other single-quoted)6.232 F
+(shell strings, the only character that may not appear in)72 283.2 Q F1(string)
+2.5 E F0(is a single quote.)2.5 E 1.436(The shell v)97 298.8 R 1.436
+(ariables will change also.)-.25 F 3.936(An)6.436 G 1.936 -.25(ew va)272.052
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+(HISTCON-)3.935 E(TR)72 310.8 Q(OL)-.3 E F0(.)A F2(HISTIGNORE)5.327 E F0 .327
+(is the history analogy of)2.827 F F2(FIGNORE)2.828 E F0 2.828(:ac)C .328
+(olon-separated list of patterns specifying)339.938 310.8 R 1.082
+(commands to omit from the history list.)72 322.8 R 1.081
+(The special pattern '&' will match the pre)6.081 F 1.081
+(vious history line, to)-.25 F(pro)72 334.8 Q 1.568(vide the)-.15 F F2
+(HISTCONTR)4.068 E(OL)-.3 E F1(ignor)4.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0(beha)5.734 E(vior)
+-.2 E 6.568(.M)-.55 G(an)303.546 334.8 Q 4.069(yv)-.15 G 1.569
+(ariables which modify the shell')326.655 334.8 R 4.069(sb)-.55 G(eha)474.21
+334.8 Q(vior)-.2 E .395(will lose their special meaning.)72 346.8 R -1.11(Va)
+5.395 G .395(riables such as)1.11 F F2(notify)2.895 E F0(and)2.895 E F2(noclob)
+2.895 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .395(which pro)2.895 F .395(vide functionality a)-.15 F
+-.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .931
+(able via other mechanisms will no longer be treated specially)72 358.8 R 5.931
+(.O)-.65 G .931(ther v)340.06 358.8 R .932(ariables will be folded into)-.25 F
+F2(shopt)3.432 E F0(.)A(The)72 370.8 Q F2(history_contr)5.519 E(ol)-.18 E F0
+(and)5.519 E F2(hostname_completion_\214le)5.519 E F0 -.25(va)5.519 G 3.019
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+(HOSTFILE)72 382.8 Q F0(respecti)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G
+(ill be remo)185.12 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F2 2.5(5.5. Readline)72
+406.8 R F0(Naturally)97 422.4 Q 2.94(,t)-.65 G .44(here will be impro)142.34
+422.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .441(ments to readline as well.).15 F .441
+(All of the POSIX.2)5.441 F F1(vi)2.941 E F0 .441(-mode editing com-)B .33
+(mands will be implemented; missing commands lik)72 434.4 R 2.829(e`)-.1 G .329
+(m' to sa)290.599 434.4 R .629 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .329
+(he current cursor position \().15 F F1(mark)A F0 2.829(\)a)C .329(nd the)
+478.951 434.4 R .36(`@' command for macro e)72 446.4 R .36(xpansion will be a)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.861(ilable. The).25 F .361
+(ability to set the mark and e)2.861 F .361(xchange the current)-.15 F .764
+(cursor position \()72 458.4 R F1(point)A F0 3.264(\)a)C .764
+(nd mark will be added to the readline emacs mode as well.)170.672 458.4 R .763
+(Since there are com-)5.764 F .196
+(mands to set the mark, commands to manipulate the re)72 470.4 R .197
+(gion \(the characters between the point and the mark\))-.15 F .111(will be a)
+72 482.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.611(ilable. Commands).25 F(ha)2.611 E .411 -.15
+(ve b)-.2 H .11
+(een added to the readline emacs mode for more complete ksh compati-).15 F
+(bility)72 494.4 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G(uch as the C-])101.36 494.4 Q F1(c)A F0
+(character search command.)2.5 E F2 2.5(5.6. Con\214guration)72 518.4 R F0 .318
+(Bash w)97 534 R .318
+(as the \214rst GNU program to completely autocon\214gure.)-.1 F .319
+(Its autocon\214guration mechanism pre-)5.319 F(dates)72 546 Q F1(autoconf)4.07
+E F0 4.07(,t)C 1.569
+(he current GNU con\214guration program, and needs updating.)140.97 546 R 1.569
+(Bash-2.0 may include an)6.569 F .603
+(autoconf-based con\214guration script, if necessary ne)72 558 R 3.103(wf)-.25
+G .603(unctionality can be added to autoconf, or its limita-)294.476 558 R
+(tions bypassed.)72 570 Q F2 2.5(5.7. Miscellaneous)72 594 R F0 1.632
+(The POSIX mode will be impro)97 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.131(di).15 G 4.131
+(nb)254.26 609.6 S 1.631(ash-2.0; it will pro)268.391 609.6 R 1.631
+(vide a more complete superset of the)-.15 F(POSIX standard.)72 621.6 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(rt).15 G(he \214rst time, bash will recognize the e)163.79 621.6 Q
+(xistance of the POSIX.2)-.15 E F1(special)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins.).2 E
+2.627(An)97 637.2 S .627 -.25(ew t)111.847 637.2 T .127(rap v).25 F(alue,)-.25
+E F2(DEB)2.627 E(UG)-.1 E F0 2.627(,w)C .128(ill be present, as in ksh.)218.405
+637.2 R .128(Commands speci\214ed with a)5.128 F F2(DEB)2.628 E(UG)-.1 E F0
+.128(trap will)2.628 F 1.908(be e)72 649.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.908
+(cuted after e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.908(ry simple command.).15 F 1.908
+(Since this mak)6.908 F 1.908(es shell script deb)-.1 F 1.908
+(uggers possible, I hope to)-.2 F(include a bash deb)72 661.2 Q
+(ugger in the bash-2.0 release.)-.2 E F2 2.5(6. A)72 685.2 R -.1(va)-1 G
+(ilability).1 E F0 5.997(The current v)97 700.8 R 5.997(ersion of bash is a)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.998(ilable for anon).25 F 5.998
+(ymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu as)-.15 F F1(/pub/gnu/bash-1.14.2.tar)72 712.8
+Q(.gz)-1.11 E F0(.)1.666 E EP
+%%Page: 13 13
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(-1)277.17 48 S 2.5(3-)288 48 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF 2.5(7. Conclusion)72 84 R F0 .755(This paper has presented an o)97 99.6 R
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(rvie).15 E 3.255(wo)-.25 G 3.255(fb)259.27 99.6 S .755
+(ash, compared its features with those of other shells, and)270.855 99.6 R
+(hinted at features in the ne)72 111.6 Q(xt release, bash-2.0.)-.15 E .483
+(Bash is a solid replacement for sh.)97 127.2 R .483(It is suf)5.483 F .483
+(\214ciently portable to run on nearly e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .484(ry v).15 F
+.484(ersion of)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.984 E F0 .514
+(from 4.3 BSD to SVR4.2, and se)72 139.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F2(UNIX)
+3.013 E F0 -.1(wo)3.013 G(rkalik).1 E .513(es, and rob)-.1 F .513
+(ust enough to replace sh on most of those)-.2 F .771(systems, It is v)72 151.2
+R .771(ery close to POSIX.2-conformant in POSIX mode, and is getting f)-.15 F
+(aster)-.1 E 5.771(.I)-.55 G 3.272(ti)436.684 151.2 S 3.272(sn)445.516 151.2 S
+.772(ot, unfortu-)457.678 151.2 R(nately)72 163.2 Q 2.663(,g)-.65 G .163
+(etting smaller)105.953 163.2 R 2.663(,b)-.4 G .163(ut there are man)170.399
+163.2 R 2.663(yo)-.15 G .163(ptional features.)248.101 163.2 R .163(It is v)
+5.163 F .162(ery easy to b)-.15 F .162(uild a small subset to use as)-.2 F 2.5
+(ad)72 175.2 S(irect replacement for /bin/sh.)83.94 175.2 Q .909
+(Bash has thousands of users w)97 190.8 R .909(orldwide, all of whom ha)-.1 F
+1.209 -.15(ve h)-.2 H .91(elped to mak).15 F 3.41(ei)-.1 G 3.41(tb)409.34 190.8
+S(etter)420.53 190.8 Q 5.91(.A)-.55 G .91(nother testa-)453.38 190.8 R
+(ment to the bene\214ts of free softw)72 202.8 Q(are.)-.1 E F1 2.5(8. Refer)72
+226.8 R(ences)-.18 E F0 .432([1] S. R. Bourne, `)72 242.4 R .432(`UNIX T)-.74 F
+.432(ime-Sharing System:)-.35 F .431(The UNIX Shell')5.431 F(',)-.74 E/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF .431(Bell System T)2.931 F(ec)-.92 E .431(hnical J)-.15 F
+(ournal)-.25 E F0 2.931(,5)C(7\(6\),)484.84 242.4 Q
+(July-August, 1978, pp. 1971-1990.)72 254.4 Q .736([2] Morris Bolsk)72 270 R
+3.237(ya)-.15 G .737(nd Da)153.22 270 R .737(vid K)-.2 F(orn,)-.35 E F3 .737
+(The K)3.237 F .737(ornShell Command and Pr)-.4 F -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G
+.737(mming Langua).15 F -.1(ge)-.1 G F0 3.237(,P).1 G .737(rentice Hall,)
+453.833 270 R(1989.)72 282 Q .142([3] Bill Jo)72 297.6 R 1.442 -.65(y, A)-.1 H
+2.642(nI).65 G .141(ntroduction to the C Shell,)140.428 297.6 R F3 .141
+(UNIX User')2.641 F 2.641(sS)-.4 G .141(upplementary Documents)309.346 297.6 R
+F0 2.641(,U)C(ni)424.328 297.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .141(rsity of Califor).15 F(-)
+-.2 E(nia at Berk)72 309.6 Q(ele)-.1 E 1.3 -.65(y, 1)-.15 H(986.).65 E .283
+([4] IEEE,)72 325.2 R F3 .283(IEEE Standar)2.783 F 2.783(df)-.37 G .283
+(or Information T)179.692 325.2 R(ec)-.92 E(hnolo)-.15 E .283(gy -- P)-.1 F
+.283(ortable Oper)-.8 F .283(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 F(art)-.8
+E(2: Shell and Utilities)72 337.2 Q F0 2.5(,1)C(992.)165.06 337.2 Q F1 2.5
+(9. A)72 361.2 R(uthor Inf)-.5 E(ormation)-.25 E F0 .937(Chet Rame)97 376.8 R
+3.437(yi)-.15 G 3.437(sas)153.724 376.8 S(oftw)172.818 376.8 Q .936
+(are engineer w)-.1 F .936(orking at Case W)-.1 F .936(estern Reserv)-.8 F
+3.436(eU)-.15 G(ni)393.43 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E 5.936(.H)-.65 G
+3.436(eh)443.036 376.8 S .936(as a B.S. in)455.912 376.8 R .072
+(Computer Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Science, both from CWR)72 388.8 R
+2.573(U. He)-.4 F .073(has been w)2.573 F .073(orking on bash)-.1 F
+(for six years, and the primary maintainer for one.)72 400.8 Q EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF
Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Dec 29 16:48:40 EST 2008
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Feb 13 18:29:03 EST 2009
@set EDITION 4.0
@set VERSION 4.0
-@set UPDATED 29 December 2008
-@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2008
+@set UPDATED 13 February 2009
+@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2009
int pipe_in, pipe_out;
struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
{
- int exec_result, invert, ignore_return, was_error_trap;
+ int exec_result, user_subshell, invert, ignore_return, was_error_trap;
REDIRECT *my_undo_list, *exec_undo_list;
volatile int last_pid;
volatile int save_line_number;
return (execute_coproc (command, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close));
#endif
+ user_subshell = command->type == cm_subshell || ((command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) != 0);
+
if (command->type == cm_subshell ||
(command->flags & (CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL)) ||
(shell_control_structure (command->type) &&
if (asynchronous == 0)
{
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
last_command_exit_value = wait_for (paren_pid);
/* If we have to, invert the return value. */
else
exec_result = last_command_exit_value;
+
+ if (user_subshell && was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ }
+
+ if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
return (last_command_exit_value = exec_result);
}
else
}
}
- /* 10/6/2008 -- added test for pipe_in and pipe_out because they indicate
- the presence of a pipeline, and (until Posix changes things), a
- pipeline failure should not cause the parent shell to exit on an
- unsuccessful return status, even in the presence of errexit.. */
+ /* 2009/02/13 -- pipeline failure is processed elsewhere. This handles
+ only the failure of a simple command. */
if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
{
last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
else if (s[1] == 'P')
{
s++;
+#if 0
+ /* clamp CPU usage at 100% */
if (cpu > 10000)
cpu = 10000;
+#endif
sum = cpu / 100;
sum_frac = (cpu % 100) * 10;
len = mkfmt (ts, 2, 0, sum, sum_frac);
static void cpe_dispose __P((struct cpelement *));
static struct cpelement *cpl_add __P((struct coproc *));
static struct cpelement *cpl_delete __P((pid_t));
+static void cpl_reap __P((void));
static void cpl_flush __P((void));
static struct cpelement *cpl_search __P((pid_t));
static struct cpelement *cpl_searchbyname __P((char *));
cplist_t coproc_list = {0, 0, 0};
-/* Functions to manage the list of exited background pids whose status has
- been saved. */
+/* Functions to manage the list of coprocs */
static struct cpelement *
cpe_alloc (cp)
return (p);
}
+static void
+cpl_reap ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *prev, *p;
+
+ for (prev = p = coproc_list.head; p; prev = p, p = p->next)
+ if (p->coproc->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD)
+ {
+ prev->next = p->next; /* remove from list */
+
+ /* Housekeeping in the border cases. */
+ if (p == coproc_list.head)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+ else if (p == coproc_list.tail)
+ coproc_list.tail = prev;
+
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+ if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 0)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ else if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 1)
+ coproc_list.tail = coproc_list.head; /* just to make sure */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+ itrace("cpl_reap: deleting %d", p->coproc->c_pid);
+#endif
+
+ coproc_dispose (p->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (p);
+ }
+}
+
/* Clear out the list of saved statuses */
static void
cpl_flush ()
coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
}
+void
+coproc_reap ()
+{
+ struct coproc *cp;
+
+ cp = &sh_coproc;
+ if (cp && (cp->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD))
+ coproc_dispose (cp);
+}
+
void
coproc_rclose (cp, fd)
struct coproc *cp;
cp->c_rfd = cp->c_rsave;
cp->c_wfd = cp->c_wsave;
}
-
+
void
-coproc_pidchk (pid)
+coproc_pidchk (pid, status)
pid_t pid;
{
struct coproc *cp;
itrace("coproc_pidchk: pid %d has died", pid);
#endif
if (cp)
- coproc_dispose (cp);
+ {
+ cp->c_status = status;
+ cp->c_flags |= COPROC_DEAD;
+ cp->c_flags &= ~COPROC_RUNNING;
+#if 0
+ coproc_dispose (cp);
+#endif
+ }
}
void
{
REDIRECT *rp;
COMMAND *tc, *second;
- int ignore_return, exec_result;
+ int ignore_return, exec_result, was_error_trap, invert;
ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
break;
case '|':
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
exec_result = execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+
+ if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ }
+
+ if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
break;
case AND_AND:
extern void coproc_flush __P((void));
extern void coproc_close __P((struct coproc *));
extern void coproc_closeall __P((void));
+extern void coproc_reap __P((void));
extern void coproc_rclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
extern void coproc_wclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
extern void coproc_checkfd __P((struct coproc *, int));
extern void coproc_fdchk __P((int));
-extern void coproc_pidchk __P((pid_t));
+extern void coproc_pidchk __P((pid_t, int));
extern void coproc_fdsave __P((struct coproc *));
extern void coproc_fdrestore __P((struct coproc *));
/* Defines for flags argument to sh_modcase. These need to agree with what's
in lib/sh/casemode.c */
-#define CASE_LOWER 0x01
-#define CASE_UPPER 0x02
-#define CASE_CAPITALIZE 0x04
-#define CASE_UNCAP 0x08
-#define CASE_TOGGLE 0x10
-#define CASE_TOGGLEALL 0x20
+#define CASE_LOWER 0x0001
+#define CASE_UPPER 0x0002
+#define CASE_CAPITALIZE 0x0004
+#define CASE_UNCAP 0x0008
+#define CASE_TOGGLE 0x0010
+#define CASE_TOGGLEALL 0x0020
+#define CASE_UPFIRST 0x0040
+#define CASE_LOWFIRST 0x0080
+
+#define CASE_USEWORDS 0x1000
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/clktck.c */
extern long get_clk_tck __P((void));
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/zread.c */
extern ssize_t zread __P((int, char *, size_t));
+extern ssize_t zreadretry __P((int, char *, size_t));
extern ssize_t zreadintr __P((int, char *, size_t));
extern ssize_t zreadc __P((int, char *));
+extern ssize_t zreadcintr __P((int, char *));
extern void zreset __P((void));
extern void zsyncfd __P((int));
if (jobs[i] && DEADJOB (i) && IS_NOTIFIED (i))
delete_job (i, 0);
}
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_reap ();
+#endif
+
UNQUEUE_SIGCHLD(os);
}
child = find_process (pid, 1, &job); /* want living procs only */
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_pidchk (pid);
+ coproc_pidchk (pid, status);
#endif
/* It is not an error to have a child terminate that we did
return ((char *)NULL);
}
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
buffer[i] = '\0';
if (sizep)
*sizep = i;
buffer = _rl_read_file (openname, &file_size);
xfree (openname);
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (buffer == 0)
return (errno);
}
readline_internal_setup ();
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
}
/* Install a readline handler, set up the terminal, and issue the prompt. */
do
{
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_ISEARCH))
{
eof = _rl_isearch_callback (_rl_iscxt);
else
eof = readline_internal_char ();
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (rl_done == 0 && _rl_want_redisplay)
{
(*rl_redisplay_function) ();
{
rl_linefunc = NULL;
RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (in_handler)
{
in_handler = 0;
variable rl_attempted_completion_function. */
if (rl_attempted_completion_function)
{
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately++;
matches = (*rl_attempted_completion_function) (text, start, end);
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately--;
if (matches || rl_attempted_completion_over)
{
match_list = (char **)xmalloc ((match_list_size + 1) * sizeof (char *));
match_list[1] = (char *)NULL;
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately++;
while (string = (*entry_function) (text, matches))
{
if (matches + 1 == match_list_size)
match_list[++matches] = string;
match_list[matches + 1] = (char *)NULL;
}
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately--;
/* If there were any matches, then look through them finding out the
lowest common denominator. That then becomes match_list[0]. */
}
else if (string[i] == history_expansion_char)
{
- if (!cc || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
+ if (cc == 0 || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
continue;
/* If the calling application has set
history_inhibit_expansion_function to a function that checks
/* If the history_expansion_char is followed by one of the
characters in history_no_expand_chars, then it is not a
candidate for expansion of any kind. */
- if (member (cc, history_no_expand_chars))
+ if (cc == 0 || member (cc, history_no_expand_chars) ||
+ (history_inhibit_expansion_function && (*history_inhibit_expansion_function) (string, i)))
{
ADD_CHAR (string[i]);
break;
{
while (chars_avail--)
{
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
k = (*rl_getc_function) (rl_instream);
if (rl_stuff_char (k) == 0)
break; /* some problem; no more room */
while (rl_event_hook && rl_get_char (&c) == 0)
{
(*rl_event_hook) ();
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (rl_done) /* XXX - experimental */
return ('\n');
if (rl_gather_tyi () < 0) /* XXX - EIO */
{
if (rl_get_char (&c) == 0)
c = (*rl_getc_function) (rl_instream);
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
}
}
while (1)
{
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
#if defined (__MINGW32__)
if (isatty (fileno (stream)))
return (getch ());
{
if (cxt->lastc >= 0 && (cxt->mb[0] && cxt->mb[1] == '\0') && ENDSRCH_CHAR (cxt->lastc))
{
- /* This sets rl_pending_input to c; it will be picked up the next
+ /* This sets rl_pending_input to LASTC; it will be picked up the next
time rl_read_key is called. */
rl_execute_next (cxt->lastc);
return (0);
if (rl_pre_input_hook)
(*rl_pre_input_hook) ();
+
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
}
STATIC_CALLBACK char *
char *temp;
HIST_ENTRY *entry;
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+
/* Restore the original of this history line, iff the line that we
are editing was originally in the history, AND the line has changed. */
entry = current_history ();
lastc = c;
_rl_dispatch ((unsigned char)c, _rl_keymap);
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
/* If there was no change in _rl_last_command_was_kill, then no kill
has taken place. Note that if input is pending we are reading
int nkey, r;
/* For now */
-#if 1
/* The first time this context is used, we want to read input and dispatch
on it. When traversing the chain of contexts back `up', we want to use
the value from the next context down. We're simulating recursion using
}
else
r = cxt->childval;
-#else
- r = _rl_dispatch_subseq (nkey, cxt->dmap, cxt->subseq_arg);
-#endif
/* For now */
r = _rl_subseq_result (r, cxt->oldmap, cxt->okey, (cxt->flags & KSEQ_SUBSEQ));
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
if (r == 0) /* success! */
{
_rl_keyseq_chain_dispose ();
remember the last command executed in this variable. */
if (rl_pending_input == 0 && map[key].function != rl_digit_argument)
rl_last_func = map[key].function;
+
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
}
else if (map[ANYOTHERKEY].function)
{
#define VI_COMMAND_MODE() (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_movement_keymap)
#define VI_INSERT_MODE() (rl_editing_mode == vi_mode && _rl_keymap == vi_insertion_keymap)
+#define RL_CHECK_SIGNALS() \
+ do { \
+ if (_rl_caught_signal) _rl_signal_handler (_rl_caught_signal); \
+ } while (0)
+
/*************************************************************************
* *
* Global structs undocumented in texinfo manual and not in readline.h *
extern int _rl_nsearch_callback PARAMS((_rl_search_cxt *));
/* signals.c */
+extern void _rl_signal_handler PARAMS((int));
+
extern void _rl_block_sigint PARAMS((void));
extern void _rl_release_sigint PARAMS((void));
extern _rl_search_cxt *_rl_nscxt;
/* signals.c */
+extern int _rl_interrupt_immediately;
+extern int volatile _rl_caught_signal;
+
extern int _rl_echoctl;
extern int _rl_intr_char;
static SigHandler *rl_set_sighandler PARAMS((int, SigHandler *, sighandler_cxt *));
static void rl_maybe_set_sighandler PARAMS((int, SigHandler *, sighandler_cxt *));
+static RETSIGTYPE rl_signal_handler PARAMS((int));
+static RETSIGTYPE _rl_handle_signal PARAMS((int));
+
/* Exported variables for use by applications. */
/* If non-zero, readline will install its own signal handlers for
#endif
/* Private variables. */
+int _rl_interrupt_immediately = 0;
+int volatile _rl_caught_signal = 0; /* should be sig_atomic_t, but that requires including <signal.h> everywhere */
+
/* If non-zero, print characters corresponding to received signals. */
int _rl_echoctl = 0;
/* Readline signal handler functions. */
+/* Called from RL_CHECK_SIGNALS() macro */
+RETSIGTYPE
+_rl_signal_handler (sig)
+{
+ _rl_caught_signal = 0; /* XXX */
+
+ _rl_handle_signal (sig);
+ SIGHANDLER_RETURN;
+}
+
static RETSIGTYPE
rl_signal_handler (sig)
int sig;
+{
+ if (_rl_interrupt_immediately)
+ {
+ _rl_interrupt_immediately = 0;
+ _rl_handle_signal (sig);
+ }
+
+ _rl_caught_signal = sig;
+ SIGHANDLER_RETURN;
+}
+
+static RETSIGTYPE
+_rl_handle_signal (sig)
+ int sig;
{
#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
sigset_t set;
rl_undo_list = rl_undo_list->next;
if (release->what == UNDO_DELETE)
- free (release->text);
+ xfree (release->text);
xfree (release);
}
case UNDO_DELETE:
rl_point = start;
rl_insert_text (rl_undo_list->text);
- free (rl_undo_list->text);
+ xfree (rl_undo_list->text);
break;
/* Undoing inserts means deleting some text. */
#endif
/* These must agree with the defines in externs.h */
-#define CASE_NOOP 0x0
-#define CASE_LOWER 0x01
-#define CASE_UPPER 0x02
-#define CASE_CAPITALIZE 0x04
-#define CASE_UNCAP 0x08
-#define CASE_TOGGLE 0x10
-#define CASE_TOGGLEALL 0x20
+#define CASE_NOOP 0x0000
+#define CASE_LOWER 0x0001
+#define CASE_UPPER 0x0002
+#define CASE_CAPITALIZE 0x0004
+#define CASE_UNCAP 0x0008
+#define CASE_TOGGLE 0x0010
+#define CASE_TOGGLEALL 0x0020
+#define CASE_UPFIRST 0x0040
+#define CASE_LOWFIRST 0x0080
+
+#define CASE_USEWORDS 0x1000 /* modify behavior to act on words in passed string */
extern char *substring __P((char *, int, int));
int flags;
{
int start, next, end;
- int inword, c, nc, nop, match;
+ int inword, c, nc, nop, match, usewords;
char *ret, *s;
wchar_t wc;
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
ret = (char *)xmalloc (end + 1);
strcpy (ret, string);
+ /* See if we are supposed to split on alphanumerics and operate on each word */
+ usewords = (flags & CASE_USEWORDS);
+ flags &= ~CASE_USEWORDS;
+
inword = 0;
while (start < end)
{
}
}
+ /* XXX - for now, the toggling operators work on the individual
+ words in the string, breaking on alphanumerics. Should I
+ leave the capitalization operators to do that also? */
if (flags == CASE_CAPITALIZE)
{
- nop = inword ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
+ if (usewords)
+ nop = inword ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
+ else
+ nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
inword = 1;
}
else if (flags == CASE_UNCAP)
{
- nop = inword ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
+ if (usewords)
+ nop = inword ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
+ else
+ nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER;
inword = 1;
}
+ else if (flags == CASE_UPFIRST)
+ {
+ if (usewords)
+ nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_UPPER;
+ else
+ nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_UPPER;
+ inword = 1;
+ }
+ else if (flags == CASE_LOWFIRST)
+ {
+ if (usewords)
+ nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_LOWER;
+ else
+ nop = (start > 0) ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_LOWER;
+ inword = 1;
+ }
else if (flags == CASE_TOGGLE)
{
nop = inword ? CASE_NOOP : CASE_TOGGLE;
extern ssize_t zread __P((int, char *, size_t));
extern ssize_t zreadc __P((int, char *));
+extern ssize_t zreadintr __P((int, char *, size_t));
+extern ssize_t zreadcintr __P((int, char *));
+
+typedef ssize_t breadfunc_t __P((int, char *, size_t));
+typedef ssize_t creadfunc_t __P((int, char *));
/* Initial memory allocation for automatic growing buffer in zreadlinec */
#define GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION 16
if (retval <= 0)
{
- line[nr] = '\0';
+ if (line && nr > 0)
+ line[nr] = '\0';
break;
}
if (nr + 2 >= *n)
{
- size_t new_size;
-
- new_size = (*n == 0) ? GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION : *n * 2;
- line = xrealloc (*lineptr, new_size);
-
- if (line)
- {
- *lineptr = line;
- *n = new_size;
- }
- else
- {
- if (*n > 0)
- {
- (*lineptr)[*n - 1] = '\0';
- nr = *n - 2;
- }
- break;
- }
+ size_t new_size;
+
+ new_size = (*n == 0) ? GET_LINE_INITIAL_ALLOCATION : *n * 2;
+ line = (*n >= new_size) ? NULL : xrealloc (*lineptr, new_size);
+
+ if (line)
+ {
+ *lineptr = line;
+ *n = new_size;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (*n > 0)
+ {
+ (*lineptr)[*n - 1] = '\0';
+ nr = *n - 2;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
}
line[nr] = c;
#define NUM_INTR 3
ssize_t
-zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
+zreadretry (fd, buf, len)
int fd;
char *buf;
size_t len;
return r;
if (r == -1 && errno == EINTR)
{
- if (++nintr > NUM_INTR)
+ if (++nintr >= NUM_INTR)
return -1;
continue;
}
}
}
+/* Call read(2) and allow it to be interrupted. Just a stub for now. */
+ssize_t
+zreadintr (fd, buf, len)
+ int fd;
+ char *buf;
+ size_t len;
+{
+ return (read (fd, buf, len));
+}
+
/* Read one character from FD and return it in CP. Return values are as
in read(2). This does some local buffering to avoid many one-character
calls to read(2), like those the `read' builtin performs. */
return 1;
}
+/* Don't mix calls to zreadc and zreadcintr in the same function, since they
+ use the same local buffer. */
+ssize_t
+zreadcintr (fd, cp)
+ int fd;
+ char *cp;
+{
+ ssize_t nr;
+
+ if (lind == lused || lused == 0)
+ {
+ nr = zreadintr (fd, lbuf, sizeof (lbuf));
+ lind = 0;
+ if (nr <= 0)
+ {
+ lused = 0;
+ return nr;
+ }
+ lused = nr;
+ }
+ if (cp)
+ *cp = lbuf[lind++];
+ return 1;
+}
+
void
zreset ()
{
#if defined (HAVE_SETLOCALE)
r = *lc_all ? ((x = setlocale (LC_ALL, lc_all)) != 0) : reset_locale_vars ();
if (x == 0)
- internal_warning("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s", lc_all, strerror(errno));
+ {
+ if (errno == 0)
+ internal_warning(_("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"), lc_all);
+ else
+ internal_warning(_("setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"), lc_all, strerror (errno));
+ }
locale_setblanks ();
return r;
#else
#endif /* HAVE_SETLOCALE */
if (x == 0)
- internal_warning("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s", var, get_locale_var (var), strerror(errno));
+ {
+ if (errno == 0)
+ internal_warning(_("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"), var, get_locale_var (var));
+ else
+ internal_warning(_("setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"), var, get_locale_var (var), strerror (errno));
+ }
return (x != 0);
}
#include "shell.h"
#include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
#include "builtins/builtext.h" /* for wait_builtin */
{
int slot;
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_pidchk (pid, status);
+#endif
+
slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
if (slot == NO_PID)
return;
pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID;
}
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_reap ();
+#endif
+
return 0;
}
$0 == function or command being invoked
$1 == command name
- $2 = word to be completed (possibly null)
- $3 = previous word
+ $2 == word to be completed (possibly null)
+ $3 == previous word
Functions can access all of the words in the current command line
- with the COMP_WORDS array. External commands cannot. */
+ with the COMP_WORDS array. External commands cannot; they have to
+ make do with the COMP_LINE and COMP_POINT variables. */
static WORD_LIST *
build_arg_list (cmd, text, lwords, ind)
WORD_LIST *cmdlist;
int fval;
sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ sh_parser_state_t * restrict pps;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
ARRAY *a;
#endif
cmdlist = build_arg_list (funcname, text, lwords, cw);
- save_parser_state (&ps);
+ pps = &ps;
+ begin_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_parser_state, (char *)pps);
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, (char *)cmdlist);
+ add_unwind_protect (unbind_compfunc_variables, (char *)0);
+
fval = execute_shell_function (f, cmdlist);
- restore_parser_state (&ps);
+
+ discard_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+ restore_parser_state (pps);
/* Now clean up and destroy everything. */
dispose_words (cmdlist);
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2004-03-17 13:48+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petri Jooste <rkwjpj@puk.ac.za>\n"
"Language-Team: Afrikaans <i18n@af.org.za>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: kan nie %s skep nie"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "pypfout: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: dubbelsinnige herroetering"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: leesalleen-funksie"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: kan nie %s skep nie"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: kan nie 'n binêre lêer uitvoer nie"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "Bools uitdrukking verwag"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: illegal option -- %c\n"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: illegal option -- %c\n"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "Die sein nommer wat was gevang het"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "Veranderlike boom"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "pypfout: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: bevel nie gevind nie"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: is 'n gids"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "kan nie fd %d na fd 0 dupliseer nie: %s"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "E108: Geen veranderlike: \"%s\""
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Sein kwaliteit:"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Klaar"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
#, fuzzy
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Op gehou"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Op gehou"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
#, fuzzy
msgid "Running"
msgstr "aktief"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Klaar(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Verlaat %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Onbekende status"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "Kern Ontwikkelaar"
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "Aktiveer nou dadelik"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "Fout in die skryf van %s"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "Die bediener beëindig Die verbinding."
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "3d modus"
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr "Kern Ontwikkelaar"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "Aktiveer nou dadelik"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "Inisialisering van OpenGL het misluk."
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "Inisialisering van OpenGL het misluk."
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "geen taakbeheer in hierdie dop nie"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr ""
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "Kan nie soek 'n handtekening in hierdie boodskap!"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "--Geen reëls in buffer--"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "Bediener of domein naam:"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "Bediener of domein naam:"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "Opdragte"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "Kort Spesifikasie werkvoorbeeld"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "Bools uitdrukking verwag"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "Bools uitdrukking verwag"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "Tydelike gids:"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "Volle Naam:"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "Tipe die naam van die %1 speler."
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " new current working directory."
#~ msgstr "Nuutste gebruik word werksaam gids"
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr ""
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr ""
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr ""
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr ""
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr ""
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr ""
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr ""
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr ""
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
-msgid "(( expression ))"
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:206
-msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:208
+msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2007-07-26 07:18+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@contact.bg>\n"
"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: не може да се създаде: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "грешка при запис: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: грешка при получаването на текущата директория: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: нееднозначно указана задача"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "„-f“ не може да се използва за създаването на функции"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: функция с права само за четене"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: не може да се изтрие: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: файлът е прекалено голям"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: двоичният файл не може да бъде изпълнен"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "очаква се израз"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: грешно указване на файловия дескриптор"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: грешен файлов дескриптор: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: грешна опция"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: грешна опция"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: грешно име на действие"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: не е променлива за масив"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "стандартният вход от /dev/null не може да бъде пренасочен: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "в променливата $TIMEFORMAT: „%c“: грешен форматиращ знак"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "грешка при запис: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
"%s: ограничение: в имената на командите не може да присъства знакът „/“"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: командата не е открита"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: лош интерпретатор"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "файловият дескриптор %d не може да се дублира като дескриптор %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "изтриване на спряната задача %d в групата процеси %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr ""
"описателен идентификатор на процес: %ld: няма такъв идентификатор на процес"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "изчакване: процесът с идентификатор %ld не е дъщерен на тази обвивка"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "изчакване: липсват данни за процес с идентификатор %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "изчакване на задача: задачата %d е спряна"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: задачата е приключила"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: задача %d вече е във фонов режим"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: предупреждение: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "в тази обвивка няма управление на задачите"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "неочакван знак за край на файл „EOF“, очакваше се знакът „)“"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "дописване: функцията „%s“ не е открита"
msgstr ""
"вмъкване на завършване на команда: %s указване на команда, което е NULL"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "команда за печат: лош конектор „%d“"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "отпечатване: „%c“: неправилен форматиращ знак"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: не може да се задава по този начин"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "лошо заместване: липсва затварящ знак „%s“ в %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "няма съвпадение: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "очаква се израз"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "очаква се израз"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
"случаите,\n"
" когато се зададе ИМЕ, за което не е дефиниран синоним."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" ИМЕната се премахват от списъка с дефинираните синоними. Ако е е дадена и\n"
" опцията „-a“ тогава се премахват всички синоними."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
"се\n"
" използва за вход."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" Продължение със следващата итерация от цикъл ползващ FOR, WHILE или UNTIL.\n"
" Ако е указан N, се продължава от N-тия обхващащ цикъл."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" Продължение със следващата итерация от цикъл ползващ FOR, WHILE или UNTIL.\n"
" Ако е указан N, се продължава от N-тия обхващащ цикъл."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
"изведе\n"
" информация. Най-горната рамка е 0."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" фактическата подредба на директориите, вместо да се следват символните\n"
" връзки. Опцията „-L“ налага следването на символните връзки."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr " Без ефект - командата нищо не прави. Връща се изходен код 0."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" функция ИМЕната стават локални, както при използването на командата "
"„local“."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" Можете изрично да спрете интерпретирането на горните знаци с опцията „-"
"E“."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
"са\n"
" дадени повече аргументи, те биват анализирани вместо това."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" Изход от обвивката с код N. Ако N е изпуснат, то изходният код е този на\n"
" последната изпълнена команда."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
"когато\n"
" се въведе само „-r“, ще се изпълни последната команда."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" Изважда ЗАДАЧА от фонов режим и я прави текуща задача. Ако липсва\n"
" аргумент ЗАДАЧА, се използва текущата задача според обвивката."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" Поставя всяка ЗАДАЧА във фонов режим, все едно е била стартирана с „&“.\n"
" Ако липсва аргумент ЗАДАЧА, се използва текущата задача според обвивката."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
"времето не\n"
" се записва."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
"като\n"
" аргументи, се заменят с идентификатора на водача на групата процеси."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" за вас брой процеси, няма да ви се налага да пуснете още един процес,\n"
" за да убиете друг."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" Ако последният АРГУМЕНТ се изчислява като 0, „let“ връща 1. В\n"
" противен случай - връща 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" ИНТЕРВАЛът за въвеждане или е зададен неправилен файлов дескриптор като\n"
" аргумент на „-u“."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" съответно на $1, $2,… $n. Ако не са зададени АРГументи, се извеждат\n"
" всички променливи на средата."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" са зададени АРГУМЕНТИ, те се превръщат в позиционни аргументи при\n"
" изпълнението на ФАЙЛа."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" „-eq“ (=), „-ne“ (!=), „-lt“ (<),\n"
" „-le“ (<=), „-gt“ (>) , „-ge“ (>=)."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" задължително да е знакът „]“, който да съответства на отварящата скоба "
"„[“."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
"на\n"
" обвивката с командата „kill -signal $$“."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" - опцията „-t“, при която стойността е в секунди;\n"
" - опцията „-u“, при която стойността е точният брой процеси."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
"се\n"
" всички процеси в програмния канал на задачата."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" всеки елемент в ДУМИте, ИМЕто се задава да е елементът и се изпълняват\n"
" КОМАНДИте."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
"се\n"
" изчислява да е 1."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" изпълняват след всеки избор до изпълняването на команда за прекъсване\n"
" (break)."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
"според\n"
" стойността на променливата на средата $TIMEFORMAT."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" Избирателно се изпълняват КОМАНДИ на база ДУМА, която напасва на ШАБЛОН.\n"
" Шаблоните се разделят със знака „|“."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
"ако\n"
" никое тестово условие, не се е оценило като истина."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
"„while“\n"
" е с изходен код, който е 0."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"„until“\n"
" е с изходен код, който не е 0."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"се\n"
" цял набор от команди."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" се изпълнява във фонов режим, все едно е била подадена като аргумент\n"
" на командата „bg“."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" ИЗРАЗът се изчислява според правилата на аритметичното оценяване.\n"
" Еквивалентно на „let ИЗРАЗ“."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" „&&“ и „||“ не оценят ИЗРАЗ2, ако ИЗРАЗ1 е достатъчен за определяне на\n"
" стойността на израза."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
"кои\n"
" команди да не се запазват в историята.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Можете да изведете стека на директорията с командата „dirs“."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
"\n"
" Стекът с директориите се визуализира с командата „dirs“."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" -N показва N-тия елемент отдясно в списъка показван от\n"
" командата „dirs“, когато е стартирана без опции. Брои се от 0."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" вход за обвивката. Ако е включена опцията „-v“, изходът се поставя в\n"
" променливата на обвивката VAR, вместо да се извежда на стандартния изход."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
"с\n"
" него."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash-2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2003-12-28 19:59+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Montxo Vicente i Sempere <montxo@alacant.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Catalan <ca@dodds.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: no es pot crear: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "error del conducte: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Redirecci? ambigua"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funci? nom?s de lectura"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: no es pot crear: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: no es pot executar el fitxer binari"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "s'esperava una expressi?"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%c%c: opci? inv?lida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%c%c: opci? inv?lida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "n?mero inv?lid de senyal"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: variable sense vincle"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "error del conducte: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restringit: no es pot especificar '/' en noms d'ordres"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: no s'ha trobat l'ordre"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: ?s un directori"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr ""
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: L'identificador de proc?s (pid) no existeix (%d)!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Senyal desconeguda #%d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Fet"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Aturat"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Aturat"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "S'est? executant"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Fet (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Fi d'execuci? amb l'estat %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Estat desconegut"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(la imatge del nucli ha estat bolcada) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "(wd ara: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "error en l'execuci? de setpgid (%d a %d) en el proc?s fill %d: %s\n"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
"wait: l'identificador del proc?s (pid) %d no ?s un fill d'aquest int?rpret"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: s'ha finalitzat la tasca"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "encaix %3d:"
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (bolcat de la imatge del nucli)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd ara: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp ha fallat: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: disciplina de l?nia: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp ha fallat: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "no hi ha cap tasca de control dins d'aquest int?rpret"
"s'ha arribat inesperadament a la fi del fitxer (EOF) mentre\n"
"es buscava per '%c'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: el connector '%d' ?s incorrecte"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: no es pot assignar d'aquesta manera"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "substituci? inv?lida: no existeix '%s' en %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "until ORDRES; do ORDRES; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NOM { ORDRES ; } or NOM () { ORDRES ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ ORDRES }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "fg [id_tasca]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "s'esperava una expressi?"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "s'esperava una expressi?"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
#, fuzzy
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "Es permeten les variables de l'int?rpret d'ordres com a operands. El"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [directori | +N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o opci?_format_llarg] nom_opci? [nom_opci?...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] nom [nom ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
msgstr ""
"Es treuen NOMs de la llista de les definicions d'?lies. Si s'especifica"
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr "Repr?n la seg?ent iteraci? del bucle envoltant FOR, WHILE, o UNTIL."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr "Repr?n la seg?ent iteraci? del bucle envoltant FOR, WHILE, o UNTIL."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Cap efecte; no es fa res. Es retorna amb el codi zero com a eixida."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr "Finalitza l'int?rpret d'ordres amb l'estat d'N. Si s'ometeix N,"
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr "Ubica la ID_TASCA en primer pla, i l'activa com a la tasca actual."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
"par?metre ha de ser el signe \"]\" perqu? es puga tancar l'expressi? que\n"
"comen?a pel signe \"[\"."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Executa selectivament les ordres especificades en ORDRES seguint una "
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
"Expandeix i executa les ordres especificades en ORDRES i els executa\n"
"de tal manera que la darrera ordre"
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"Expandeix i executa les ordres especificades en ORDRES i els executa\n"
"de tal manera que la darrera ordre"
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Executa un conjunt d'ordres en un grup. A?? ?s una manera de"
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Mostra la llista dels directoris actualment recordats. Els directoris "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-09-07 13:09+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petr Pisar <petr.pisar@atlas.cz>\n"
"Language-Team: Czech <translation-team-cs@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: při přiřazovaní asociativního pole se musí použít podprogram"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nelze vytvořit: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "chyba zápisu: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při zjišťování současného adresáře: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: nejednoznačné určení úlohy"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "„-f“ nezle použít na výrobu funkce"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funkce jen pro čtení"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nelze smazat: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: soubor je příliš velký"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: binární soubor nelze spustit"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "očekáván výraz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: chybné určení deskriptoru souboru"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: neplatný deskriptor souboru: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: chybný počet řádků"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: chybný počátek pole"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: neplatné množství mezi voláními"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "prázdný název proměnné typu pole"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "je vyžadována podpora proměnných typu pole"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "standardní vstup nelze přesměrovat z /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: „%c“: chybný formátovací znak"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "chyba v rouře"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: omezeno: v názvu příkazu nesmí být „/“"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: příkaz nenalezen"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: chybný interpretr"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "deskriptor souboru %d nelze duplikovat na deskriptor %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp roury"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "forknutý PID %d se objevil v běžící úloze %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "mažu pozastavenou úlohu %d se skupinou procesů %ld"
# FIXME: in the_pipeline znamená do nebo v?
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: proces %5ld (%s) do the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: PID %5ld (%s) označen za stále živého"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: žádný takový PID"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signál %d"
# FIXME: rod a zkontrolovat následující
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Dokonán"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Pozastaven"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Pozastaven (%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Běží"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Dokonán (%d)"
# FIXME: Jedná se o způsob ukončení zavoláním funkce exit(%d)?
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Stav neznámý"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(core dumped [obraz paměti uložen]) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (cwd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "setpgid na potomku (z %ld na %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: PID %ld není potomkem tohoto shellu"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Žádný záznam o procesu %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: úloha %d je pozastavena"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: úloha skončila"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: úloha %d je již na pozadí"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: řádek %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (core dumped [obraz paměti uložen])"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(cwd nyní: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp selhalo"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: disciplína linky"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "nelze nastavit skupinu procesů terminálu (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "žádná správa úloh v tomto shellu"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "nenadálý konec souboru při hledání odpovídající „)“"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "doplňování: funkce „%s“ nenalezena"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULLOVÝ COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: chybná propojka „%d“"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: „%c“: chybný formátovací znak"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: takto nelze přiřazovat"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "chybná substituce: v %s chybí uzavírací „`“"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "žádná shoda: %s"
msgstr "until PŘÍKAZY; do PŘÍKAZY; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function jméno { PŘÍKAZY ; } nebo jméno () { PŘÍKAZY ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ PŘÍKAZY ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "úloha [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( výraz ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ výraz ]]"
# XXX: "variable" je literál na seznamy vestavěných příkazů
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variables – názvy a významy některých proměnných shellu"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | adresář]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [název_volby…]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v proměnná] formát [argumenty]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"seznam_slov] [-F funkce] [-C příkaz] [-X filtrvzor] [-P předpona] [-S "
"přípona] [název…]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"seznam_slov] [-F funkce] [-C příkaz] [-X filtrvzor] [-P předpona] [-S "
"přípona] [slovo]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o přepínač] [název…]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n počet] [-O počátek] [-s počet] [-t] [-u fd] [-C volání] [-c "
"množství] [pole]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n počet] [-O počátek] [-s počet] [-t] [-u fd] [-C volání] [-c "
+"množství] [pole]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" alias vrátí pravdu, pokud nebyl zadán NÁZEV, pro který není žádný alias\n"
" definován."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" -a\todstraní všechny definice aliasů. \n"
" Vrací úspěch, pokud NÁZEV není neexistující alias."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind vrací 0, pokud není zadán nerozpoznaný přepínač nebo nedojde "
"k chybě."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Návratový kód je 0, pokud N je větší nebo rovno 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Návratový kód je 0, pokud N je větší nebo rovno 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací návratový kód VESTAVĚNÉHO-PŘÍKAZU-SHELLU, nebo nepravdu, pokud\n"
" VESTAVĚNÝ-PŘÍKAZ-SHELLU není vestavěným příkazem shellu."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací 0, pokud shell provádí shellovou funkci a VÝRAZ je platný."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací 0, byl-li adresář změněn, jinak nenulovou hodnotu."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací 0, nebyl-li zadán neplatný přepínač a mohl-li být současný\n"
" adresář přečten."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vždy uspěje."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vždy uspěje."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vždy selže."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací návratový kód PŘÍKAZU, nebo selže, nebyl–li příkaz nalezen."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nedošlo k chybě."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Příkaz je zastaralý. Vizte „help declare“."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací úspěch, nebyl-li zadán neplatný přepínač, nenastala-li chyba a\n"
" vykonává-li shell funkci."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací úspěch, nedojde-li k chybě zápisu na výstup."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Vrací úspěch, nedojte-li k chybě zápisu na výstup."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací úspěch, je-li NÁZEV vestavěným příkazem shellu a nevyskytne-li\n"
" se chyba."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí návratový kód příkazu, nebo úspěch, byl-li příkaz prázdný."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
"dojde\n"
" na konec přepínačů nebo nastane-li chyba."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud byl PŘÍKAZ nalezen a nedošlo k chybě přesměrování."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Ukončí tento shell se stavem N. Bez N bude návratový kód roven kódu\n"
" posledně prováděného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" Ukončí přihlašovací (login) shell se stavem N. Nebyl-li příkaz zavolán\n"
" z přihlašovacího shellu, vrátí chybu."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch nebo kód provedeného příkazu. Nenulový kód, vyskytne-li se\n"
" chyba."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Kód úlohy přesunuté do popředí, nebo došlo-li k chybě, kód selhání."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud je správa úloh zapnuta a nedošlo-li k nějaké chybě."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud byl NÁZEV nalezen a nebyl-li zadán neplatný přepínač."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací úspěch, pokud byl nalezen VZOREK a nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač."
# FIXME: bash-4.0-pre1: Orphaned line between -w and -p option. It belongs to -n.
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nedošlo k chybě."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
"chyba.\n"
" Byl-ly použit přepínač -x, vrátí návratový kód PŘÍKAZU."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač nebo ÚLOHA."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nedošlo k chybě."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Pokud poslední ARGUMENT je vyhodnocen na 0, let vrátí 1. Jinak je\n"
" navrácena 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" pro čtení nevyprší nebo není poskytnut neplatný deskriptor souboru jako\n"
" argument -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vrátí N, nebo selže, pokud shell neprovádí funkci nebo skript."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný argument."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a JMÉNO není jen pro\n"
" čtení."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač nebo NÁZEV."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač nebo NÁZEV."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud N není záporný a není větší než $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací návratový kód posledního provedeného příkazu z NÁZVU_SOUBORU.\n"
" Selže, pokud NÁZEV_SOUBORU nelze načíst."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrací úspěch, pokud je správa úloh zapnuta a nevyskytla se chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Vrací úspěch, je-li VÝRAZ vyhodnocen jako pravdivý. Selže, je-li VÝRAZ\n"
" vyhodnocen jako nepravdivý nebo je-li zadán neplatný argument."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Toto je synonymum pro vestavěný příkaz „test“, až na to, že poslední\n"
" argument musí být doslovně „]“, aby se shodoval s otevírající „[“."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vždy uspěje."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud SIGSPEC a zadané přepínače jsou platné."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud všechny NÁZVY byly nalezeny. Selže, pokud některé\n"
" nalezeny nebyly."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vrací úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nevyskytla se chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný MÓD nebo přepínač."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí kód ID, selže, pokud ID není platný nebo byl zadán neplatný "
"přepínač."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí kód ID, selže, pokud ID není platný nebo byl zadán neplatný "
"přepínač."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy provedeného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy vykonaného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy prováděného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Návratová hodnota je návratová hodnota KOLONY."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy provedeného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy provedeného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy provedeného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy provedeného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud NÁZEV není jen pro čtení."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód naposledy spuštěného příkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí kód obnovené úlohy."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
# příkaz, který by byl vykonán na základě splnění jiné podmínky. Tj. překlad
# „podmíněný příkaz“ je chybný.
# Toto je nápověda k vestavěnému příkazu „[“.
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" 0 nebo 1 podle hodnoty VÝRAZU."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\trozlišení, které příkazy by měly být uloženy do seznamu\n"
" \t\thistorie.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný argument a změna adresáře\n"
" neselhala."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný argument nebo neselhala změna\n"
" adresáře."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nevyskytla se chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, je-li NÁZEV_VOLBY zapnut. Selže, byl-li zadán neplatný\n"
" přepínač nebo je-li NÁZEV_VOLBY vypnut."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nedošlo k chybě\n"
" zápisu nebo přiřazení."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Návratový kód:\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a nevyskytla se chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
# opravit.
# TODO: Tento překlad je vemli kostrbatý a místy nedává smysl. Je třeba
# ujednotit pravidlo–pravidla doplnění–doplňování (completion specification).
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a NÁZEV již měl\n"
" definováno pravidlo pro doplnění."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Vrátí úspěch, pokud nebyl zadán neplatný přepínač a POLE nebylo jen pro\n"
" čtení."
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-12-20 16:56+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Nils Naumann <nnau@gmx.net>\n"
"Language-Team: German <translation-team-de@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Datei %s nicht erzeugen."
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "Schreibfehler: %s."
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann das nicht aktuelle Verzeichnis wiederfinden: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Mehrdeutige Job Bezeichnung."
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "Mit `-f' können keine Funktionen erzeugt werden."
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: Schreibgeschützte Funktion."
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann nicht löschen: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: Die Datei ist zu groß."
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Datei nicht ausführen."
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "Ausdruck erwartet."
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "Kann nicht die Standardeingabe von /dev/null umleiten: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': Ungültiges Formatzeichen."
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "Pipe-Fehler"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: Verboten: `/' ist in Kommandonamen unzulässig."
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: Kommando nicht gefunden."
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: ist ein Verzeichnis."
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "Kann fd %d nicht auf fd 0 verdoppeln: %s"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
# Programmierfehler
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: Prozeß-Nummer existiert nicht (%d)!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Fertig"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Angehalten"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Angehalten(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Läuft"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Fertig(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Unbekannter Status"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(Speicherabzug geschrieben) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: Prozeß %ld wurde nicht von dieser Shell gestartet."
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: Programm ist beendet."
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
# Debug Ausgabe
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: Zeile %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (Speicherabzug geschrieben)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(gegenwärtiges Arbeitsverzeichnis ist: %s)\n"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp war nicht erfolgreich."
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "Keine Job Steuerung in dieser Shell."
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "Dateiende beim Suchen nach passender `)' erreicht."
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: Falsches Verbindungszeichen `%d'."
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: Kann so nicht zuweisen."
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "Falsche Ersetzung: Keine schließende \"`\" in %s."
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "Keine Entsprechung: %s"
msgstr "until Kommandos; do Kommandos; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function Name { Kommandos ; } oder Name () { Kommandos ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ Kommandos ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "Jobbezeichnung [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( Ausdruck ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ Ausdruck ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variables - Namen und Bedeutung einiger Shell Variablen"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | Verzeichnis]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [Optionsname ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] Format [Argumente]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-S "
"Suffix] [Name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-S "
"Suffix] [Wort]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o Option] [Name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Meldet Erfolg, außer wenn NAME nicht existiert."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Gibt immer Erfolg zurück, wenn der Name existiert."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, es sei den N ist größer oder gleich 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, außer wenn N größer oder gleich 1 ist."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Verzeichnis nicht gelesen werden kann."
# colon
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Das Kommando ist immer erfolgreich."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Veraltet. Siehe `help declare'."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Liefert \"Erfolg\" außer bei einer ungültigen Option, einem Fehler oder\n"
" die Shell führt keine Funktion aus."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# exit
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
"angegeben ist,\n"
" wird der Rückgabewert des letzten ausgeführten Kommandos übernommen."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Missing `}'"
#~ msgstr "Fehlende `}'."
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 4.0-rc1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 4.0-release\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: none\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "write error: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "cannot use ‘\e[1m-f\e[0m’ to make functions"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: readonly function"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: cannot delete: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: file is too large"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "expression expected"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: invalid line count"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: invalid array origin"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: invalid callback quantum"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "empty array variable name"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "array variable support required"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: ‘\e[1m%c\e[0m’: invalid format character"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "pipe error"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restricted: cannot specify ‘\e[1m/\e[0m’ in command names"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: command not found"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Done"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Stopped"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Stopped(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Running"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Done(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Unknown status"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(core dumped) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: job has terminated"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: job %d already in background"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: line %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (core dumped)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd now: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "no job control in this shell"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "unexpected EOF while looking for matching ‘\e[1m)\e[0m’"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: function ‘\e[1m%s\e[0m’ not found"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: bad connector ‘\e[1m%d\e[0m’"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: ‘\e[1m%c\e[0m’: invalid format character"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "bad substitution: no closing “\e[1m`\e[0m” in %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "no match: %s"
msgstr "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ COMMANDS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "job_spec [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( expression ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ expression ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
"been\n"
" defined."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
" not a shell builtin.."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
" is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n"
" cannot be read."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always fails."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See ‘\e[1mhelp declare\e[0m’."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
"occurs."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
"executed\n"
" in a login shell."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
"occurs."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
"given."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
"out,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
"must\n"
" be a literal ‘\e[1m]\e[0m’, to match the opening ‘\e[1m[\e[0m’."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
"given."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
"found."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is “\e[1mCOPROC\e[0m”.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"assignment\n"
" error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
" have a completion specification defined."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for ‘\e[1mmapfile\e[0m’."
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 4.0-rc1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 4.0-release\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: none\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "write error: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "cannot use ‘-f’ to make functions"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: readonly function"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: cannot delete: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: file is too large"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "expression expected"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: invalid line count"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: invalid array origin"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: invalid callback quantum"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "empty array variable name"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "array variable support required"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: ‘%c’: invalid format character"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "pipe error"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restricted: cannot specify ‘/’ in command names"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: command not found"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Done"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Stopped"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Stopped(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Running"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Done(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Unknown status"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(core dumped) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: job has terminated"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: job %d already in background"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: line %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (core dumped)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd now: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "no job control in this shell"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "unexpected EOF while looking for matching ‘)’"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: function ‘%s’ not found"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: bad connector ‘%d’"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: ‘%c’: invalid format character"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "bad substitution: no closing “`” in %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "no match: %s"
msgstr "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ COMMANDS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "job_spec [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( expression ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ expression ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
"been\n"
" defined."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
" not a shell builtin.."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
" is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n"
" cannot be read."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always fails."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See ‘help declare’."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
"occurs."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
"executed\n"
" in a login shell."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
"occurs."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
"given."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
"out,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" This is a synonym for the “test” builtin, but the last argument must\n"
" be a literal ‘]’, to match the opening ‘[’."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
"given."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
"found."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is “COPROC”.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"assignment\n"
" error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
" have a completion specification defined."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for ‘mapfile’."
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-11-24 09:19+0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Sergio Pokrovskij <sergio.pokrovskij@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Esperanto <translation-team-eo@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: Ne prosperis krei: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "Eraro ĉe skribo: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Eraro ĉe provo determini la kurantan dosierujon: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Ambigua laborindiko"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "„-f‟ ne estas uzebla por fari funkciojn"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: Nurlega funkcio"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: Ne eblas forigi: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: Tro granda dosiero"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: Neplenumebla duuma dosiero"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "Mankas esprimo"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: Misa indiko de dosiernumero"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "„%d‟: Misa dosiernumero: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: Misa opcio"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: Misa opcio"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: Misa nomo de ago"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: Ne tabela variablo"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgstr "Fiaskis provo nomumi la disponaĵon «/dev/null» ĉefenigujo: %s"
# XXX: internal error:
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: „%c‟: Misa formatsigno"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "Eraro ĉe skribo: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: Malpermesitas uzi „/‟ en komandonomoj"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: Komando ne trovita"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: Misa interpretilo"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "Ne eblas kunnomumi al dosiernumero %d la dosiernumeron %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "Forke farita proceznumero %d aperas en rulata laboro %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "Haltigita laboro %d kun procezgrupo %ld estas forigata"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: Ne estas tia proceznumero (%ld)!"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: La procezo %ld ne estas ido de ĉi tiu ŝelo"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Malestas informoj pri procezo %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: La laboro %d estas haltigita"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: La laboro finiĝis"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: La laboro %d jam estas fona"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: Averto: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "Ĉi tiu ŝelo ne disponigas laborregadon"
msgstr "Neatendita dosierfino dum serĉo de responda „)‟"
# XXX: internal_error
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "Kompletigo: Funkcio „%s‟ ne trovita"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: Misa stir-operacio „%d‟"
# XXX: programming_error
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: „%c‟: Misa formatsigno"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: ĉi tiel ne valorizebla"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "Misa anstataŭigo: Mankas ferma „%s‟ en %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "Nenio kongrua: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "Mankas esprimo"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "Mankas esprimo"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" „alias‟ liveras „true‟ krom se aperas NOMO ne difinita alinome."
# unalias [-a] name [name ...]
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"Forigu la nomojn name ... el la listo de difinitaj alinomoj.\n"
" Se enestas la opcio „-a‟, ĉiujn alinomojn forigu."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" -s Listigu makroajn klavsekvencojn kaj ilian valoron\n"
" en formo reuzebla por enigo."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Pasu al la sekva iteraciero de FOR, WHILE aŭ UNTIL. Se N estas\n"
"donita, pasu je la nivelo de la Na inganta iteraciordono."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Pasu al la sekva iteraciero de FOR, WHILE aŭ UNTIL. Se N estas\n"
"donita, pasu je la nivelo de la Na inganta iteraciordono."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" La valoro de EXPR indikas, kiom da vokkadroj retroiri disde la\n"
" kuranta; la pinta kadro havas la numeron 0."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" anstataŭ iri laŭ simbolaj ligiloj; la opcio -L igas sekvi\n"
" simbolajn ligilojn."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Senefika: La komando nenion faras. Elirstato 0 estas liverata."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Liveru malsukcesan rezulton."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value] ...]
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" Uzite en funkcio, „declare‟ faras la nomojn name lokaj, samkiel la\n"
" komando „local‟."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" La opcio -E abolas la supre indikitan signifon de ĉi tiuj specialaj\n"
" signoj."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# getopts optstring name [arg]
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" Normale „getopts‟ analizas la poziciajn parametrojn ($0 - $9), sed\n"
" se estas pli da argumentoj, „getopts‟ anstataŭe analizas ilin."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
"Forlasu la ŝelon kun elirstato N. Se N mankas, la elirstato estas\n"
" tiu de la plej ĵuse plenumita komando."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
# ZZZ: fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last] or
# fc -s [pat=rep] [cmd]
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" «r» replenumigas la ĵusan komandon."
# fg [job_spec]
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" malestas, apliku la ŝelan koncepton pri la kuranta laboro."
# bg [job_spec]
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" kun „&‟. Se nenia laboro estas indikita, apliku la ŝelan koncepton\n"
" pri la kuranta laboro."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
# ZZZ history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or
# history -awrn [filename] or
# history -ps arg [arg...]
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
# ZZZ jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or
# jobs -x command [args]
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" laborindikojn aperantajn en la argumentoj args je la proceznumero\n"
" de la ĉefprocezo de la grupo."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
# ZZZ: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | job]... or
# kill -l [sigspec]
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" kroman procezon por ĉesigi iun alian."
# let arg [arg ...]
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
# read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-p prompt] [-a array] [-n nchars]
# [-d delim] [name ...]
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" renkontiĝas dosierfino, atendolimo estas atingita, aŭ nevalida\n"
" dosiernumero estas indikita ĉe -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...]
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" poziciaj, kaj per ili estas valorizataj, respektive, $1, $2 ... $n.\n"
" Se nenia arg estas donita, ĉiuj ŝelvariabloj estas eligataj."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# source filename [arguments]
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" la dosierujon de filename. La eventualaj argumentoj\n"
" arguments iĝas la poziciaj parametroj por plenumo de filename."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# test [expr]
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" plia aŭ egala al arg2."
# [ arg... ]
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
"Ĉi tiu estas sinonimo de la primitivo „test‟; tamen la lasta\n"
" argumento devas esti „]‟ fermanta la esprimon komencitan per „[‟."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
# ZZZ: trap [arg] [signal_spec ...] or
# trap -l
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" Signalon signalindiko eblas sendi al la ŝelo per la komando\n"
" «kill -signalindiko $$»."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# ulimit [-SHacdflmnpstuv] [limit]
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" por -p kiu estas en obloj de 512 bajtoj; kaj por -u, kiu estas\n"
" sendimensia nombro de procezoj."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# wait [n]
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" dukto de la laboro."
# for NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" estas plenumataj."
# for ((: for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" ili malestas, 1 estas uzata anstataŭe."
# select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" eliro (break)."
# time [-p] PIPELINE
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" La variablo TIMEFORMAT difinas la formaton de la eligaĵo."
# case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
# if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]...
# [ else COMMANDS; ] fi
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" komando plenumita, aŭ 0 se neniu el la kondiĉoj estis vera."
# while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" COMMANDS de la „while‟-parto liveras elirstaton 0."
# until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"Ripete malvolvu kaj plenumu la komandojn dum la lasta el la komandoj\n"
" COMMANDS de la „until‟-parto liveras elirstaton alian ol 0."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# grouping_braces: { COMMANDS ; }
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"Plenumu la komandojn grupe. Tiel eblas apliki alidirektadon al\n"
" tuta grupo da komandoj."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" labornumero. Postmetita „&‟ sendas la laboron en la fonon,\n"
" samkiel se la komando „bg‟ estus aplikita al laborindiko."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" Ekvivalenta al «let EXPRESSION»."
# [[ expression ]]
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" sufiĉas por determini la rezulton."
# help var
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
"\t\tkiujn komandojn konservi en la historilisto.\n"
# pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n]
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" Vi povas vidigi la stakon da dosierujoj per la komando „dirs‟."
# popd [+N | -N] [-n]
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" Vi povas vidigi la stakon da dosierujoj per la komando „dirs‟."
# dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" -N\teligu la Nan eron nombrante de dekstre en la listo eligebla\n"
"\tper „dirs‟ sen opcioj, numerante ekde 0."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
# printf [-v var] format [arguments]
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" Se ĉeestas la opcio „-v‟, la eligo trafas en ties variablon var kaj\n"
" ne en la ĉefeligujon."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
# compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat]
# [-W wordlist] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [-X filterpat]
# [-F function] [-C command] [word]
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" por uzo en ŝelfunkcio generanta eblajn kompletigojn.\n"
" Se eventuala argumento word estas donita, generu ĝiajn kongruaĵojn."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-10-31 23:36-0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Cristian Othón Martínez Vera <cfuga@itam.mx>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <es@li.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: no se puede crear: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "error de escritura: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: error al obtener el directorio actual: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: especificación de trabajo ambigua"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "no se puede usar `-f' para hacer funciones"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: función de sólo lectura"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: no se puede borrar: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
# file=fichero. archive=archivo. Si no, es imposible traducir tar. sv
# De acuerdo. Corregido en todo el fichero. cfuga
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: no se puede ejecutar el fichero binario"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "se esperaba una expresión"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: especificación de descriptor de fichero inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: descriptor de fichero inválido: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: opción inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: opción inválida"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: nombre de acción inválido"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: no es una variable de matriz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "no se puede redirigir la salida estándard de /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': carácter de formato inválido"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "error de escritura: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restringido: no se puede especificar `/' en nombres de órdenes"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: no se encontró la orden"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: intérprete erróneo"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "no se puede duplicar el df %d al df %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "el pid `forked' %d aparece en el trabajo en ejecución %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "borrando el trabajo detenido %d con grupo de proceso %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
# Cambiaría 'hay' por 'existe' em+
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: no existe tal pid"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Señal Desconocida #%d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Hecho"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Detenido"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Detenido"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Ejecutando"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Hecho(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Salida %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Estado desconocido"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(`core' generado) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "(dir ahora: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "error en la ejecución de setpgid (%d a %d) en el proceso hijo %d: %s\n"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld no es un proceso hijo de este shell"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: No hay un registro del proceso %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: el trabajo %d está detenido"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: el trabajo ha terminado"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: el trabajo %d ya está en segundo plano"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: aviso: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (`core' generado)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(dir ahora: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: falló getpgrp: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: disciplina de línea: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: falló getpgrp: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "no hay control de trabajos en este shell"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "EOF inesperado mientras se buscaba un `)' coincidente"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: no se encuentra la función `%s'"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: COMPSPEC nulo"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: conector erróneo `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: `%c': carácter de formato inválido"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: no se puede asignar de esta forma"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "sustitución errónea: no hay un `%s' que cierre en %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "no hay coincidencia: %s"
msgstr "until ÓRDENES; do ÓRDENES; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NOMBRE { ÓRDENES ; } o NOMBRE () { ÓRDENES ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ ÓRDENES }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "fg [id_trabajo]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "se esperaba una expresión"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "se esperaba una expresión"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
#, fuzzy
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
"Se permiten las variables de shell como operandos. Se reemplaza el nombre"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o opción-larga] nombre_opción [nombre_opción...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] nombre [nombre ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
# Más en español sería: se define un alias por cada NOMBRE cuyo VALOR se da. sv
# Lo mismo de antes: el alias es expandido -> el alias se expande. sv
# no alias -> ningún alias. sv
# De acuerdo. cfuga
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" verdadero a menos que se de un NAME para el cual no se haya definido\n"
" ningún alias."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
# lee 'la'... em+
# Corregido. Además, es plural: lee las asignaciones... cfuga
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
"como\n"
" entrada."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Retoma la siguiente iteración del ciclo FOR, WHILE o UNTIL incluido.\n"
" Si se especifica N, retoma en el N-ésimo ciclo incluido."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Retoma la siguiente iteración del ciclo FOR, WHILE o UNTIL incluido.\n"
" Si se especifica N, retoma en el N-ésimo ciclo incluido."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
# Slash lo venimos traduciendo por barra inclinada , y backslash
# por barra invertida em++
# Corregido en toda la traducción. cfuga
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" usar la estructura física de directorios en lugar de seguir los enlaces\n"
" simbólicos; la opción -L fuerza que se sigan los enlaces simbólicos."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Sin efecto; la orden no hace nada. Devuelve un código de estado cero."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Devuelve un resultado sin éxito."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
# apaga -> desactiva em+
# Corregido en toda la traducción. cfuga
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" usa en una función, hace a los NAMEs locales, como sucede con la\n"
" orden `local'."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" Puede desactivar explícitamente la interpretación de los caracteres\n"
" arriba mencionados con la opción -E."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
# en una de dos formas -> en una de las dos formas siguientes em+
# dar argumentos -> especificar em+
# De acuerdo. cfuga
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" pero si se especifican más argumentos, éstos se comparan en lugar\n"
" de los primeros."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
"Termina el shell con un estado de N. Si se omite N, el estado de salida\n"
" es el mismo de la última orden ejecutada."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" `r cc' ejecuta la última orden que comience con `cc' y al teclear\n"
" `r' re-ejecuta la última orden."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" JOB_SPEC no está presente, se usa la noción del shell del trabajo\n"
" actual."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" `&'. Si JOB_SPEC no está presente, se usa la noción del shell del\n"
" trabajo actual."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" tiempo asociada con cada entrada de historia mostrada. No se muestra\n"
" ninguna marca de tiempo de otra forma."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" especificaciones de trabajo que aparecen en ARGS se han reemplazado\n"
" con el ID de proceso del líder del grupo de procesos de dicho trabajo."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
# No sé si existe precedencia en español, pero me suena fatal.
# Yo pondría simplemente "prioridad". sv
# Creo que si existe, pero tu sugerencia es mejor. cfuga
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" Si el último ARG se evalúa como 0, let devuelve 1; si no se\n"
" devuelve 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" cero, a menos que se encuentre un final de línea, read expire, o se\n"
" proporcione un descriptor de fichero inválido como el argumento de -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
"no\n"
" se proporciona ningún ARG, se muestran todas las variables del shell."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" Si se proporciona cualquier ARGUMENTS, se convierten en los parámetros\n"
" posicionales cuando se ejecuta FILENAME."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" Los operadores binarios aritméticos devuelven verdadero si ARG1 es\n"
" igual, no igual, menor, menor o igual, mayor, mayor o igual que ARG2."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
"Este es un sinónimo para la orden interna \"test\", pero el último\n"
" argumento debe ser un `]' literal, que coincida con el `[' inicial."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
"con\n"
" \"kill -signal $$\"."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" -t, el cual es en segundos, -p, el cual es en incrementos de 512 bytes,\n"
" y -u, el cual es un número de procesos sin escala."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" de trabajo, se espera a todos los procesos en la línea de ejecución\n"
" del trabajo."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" se asume `in \"$@\"'. Para cada elemento en WORDS, se define NAME\n"
" como ese elemento, y se ejecutan COMMANDS."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" EXP1, EXP2, y EXP3 son expresiones aritméticas. Si se omite\n"
" cualquier expresión, se comporta como si se evaluara a 1."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" COMMANDS después de cada selección hasta que se ejecuta\n"
" una orden break."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" el resumen de tiempos en un formato ligeramente diferente, usando\n"
" el valor de la variable TIMEFORMAT como el formato de salida."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
"Ejecuta ÓRDENES selectivamente basado en coincidencias de la PALABRA con\n"
" el PATRÓN. Se utiliza `|' para separar patrones múltiples."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
"resultó\n"
" verdadera."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
"Expande y ejecuta ÓRDENES mientras la orden final en las ÓRDENES\n"
" `while' tenga un estado de salida de cero."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"Expande y ejecuta ÓRDENES mientras la orden final en las ÓRDENES\n"
" `until' tengan un estado de salida que no sea cero."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"Corre un conjunto de órdenes en un grupo. Esta es una forma de redirigir\n"
" un conjunto completo de órdenes."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" especificación del trabajo se hubiera proporcionado como\n"
" un argumento de `bg'."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
"Se evalua EXPRESSION de acuerdo a las reglas de evaluación\n"
" aritmética. Equivalente a \"let EXPRESSION\"."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" patrón. Los operadores && y || no evalúan EXPR2 si EXPR1 es\n"
" suficiente para determinar el valor de una expresión."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \t\tpara decidir cuáles órdenes se deben guardar en la lista de\n"
" \t\thistoria.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Puede ver la pila de directorios con la orden `dirs'."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Puede ver la pila de directorios con la orden `dirs'."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" -N\tmuestra la N-ésima entrada contando desde la derecha de la lista\n"
" mostrada por dirs cuando se invoca sin opciones, empezando de cero."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" -v, la salida se coloca en el valor de la variable de shell VAR\n"
" en lugar de enviarla a la salida estándard."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
"coincidencias\n"
" contra WORD."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-11-11 16:38+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Toomas Soome <Toomas.Soome@microlink.ee>\n"
"Language-Team: Estonian <et@li.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: ei saa luua: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "kirjutamise viga: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: segane töö"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "võtit `-f' ei saa funktsiooni loomiseks kasutada"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funktsioon ei ole muudetav"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: ei saa kustutada: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: fail on liiga suur"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: kahendfaili ei õnnestu käivitada"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "oodati avaldist"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: vigane võti"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: vigane võti"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: vigane tegevuse nimi"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: pole massiiv"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "kirjutamise viga: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: piiratud: käskudes ei saa kasutada sümboleid `/'"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: käsku ei ole"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: halb interpretaator"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr ""
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: pid puudub"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: töö %d on peatatud"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: töö on lõpetatud"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: töö %d on juba taustal"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: hoiatus: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr ""
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr ""
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: sedasi ei saa omistada"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "sulgev `%c' puudub %s sees"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "ei leitud: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "oodati avaldist"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "oodati avaldist"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-03-13 13:10+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Christophe Combelles <ccomb@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <traduc@traduc.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s : impossible de créer : %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "erreur d'écriture : %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s : erreur de détermination du répertoire actuel : %s : %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s : spécification de tâche ambiguë"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "« -f » ne peut pas être utilisé pour fabriquer des fonctions"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s : fonction en lecture seule"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s : impossible d'effacer : %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s : le fichier est trop grand"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s : fichier binaire impossible à lancer"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "une expression est attendue"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s : spécification de descripteur de fichier non valable"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d : descripteur de fichier non valable : %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s : option non valable"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s : option non valable"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s : nom d'action non valable"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s : n'est pas une variable tableau"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "l'entrée standard ne peut pas être redirigée depuis /dev/null : %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT : « %c » : caractère de format non valable"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "erreur d'écriture : %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
"%s : restriction : « / » ne peut pas être spécifié dans un nom de commande"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s : commande introuvable"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s : %s : mauvais interpréteur"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "Impossible de dupliquer le fd %d vers le fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "le processus cloné n°%d apparaît dans la tâche en fonctionnement %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "suppression de la tâche stoppée %d avec le groupe de processus %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid : %ld : n° de processus inexistant"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait : le processus n°%ld n'est pas un fils de ce shell."
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for : aucun enregistrement du processus n°%ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job : la tâche %d est stoppée"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s : la tâche s'est terminée"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s : la tâche %d est déjà en arrière plan"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s : avertissement :"
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "pas de contrôle de tâche dans ce shell"
"Caractère de fin de fichier (EOF) prématuré lors de la recherche d'un « ) » "
"correspondant"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "complètement : fonction « %s » non trouvée"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert : %s : NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command : mauvais connecteur « %d »"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf : « %c » : caractère de format invalide"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s : affectation impossible de cette façon"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "Mauvaise substitution : pas de « %s » de fermeture dans %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "Pas de correspondance : %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "une expression est attendue"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "une expression est attendue"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" lorsque l'alias est étendu. « alias » renvoie « true » à moins qu'un NAME\n"
" ne soit fourni pour lequel aucun alias n'a été défini."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"fournie,\n"
"alors toutes les définitions d'alias sont enlevées."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" et leurs valeurs sous une forme qui peut être "
"utilisée comme entrée."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
"supérieur.\n"
" Si N est précisé, reprend à N-ième boucle supérieure."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"supérieur.\n"
" Si N est précisé, reprend à N-ième boucle supérieure."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
"revenir en arrière\n"
" avant le cadre actuel ; le cadre supérieur est le cadre 0."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" les liens symboliques ; l'option « -L » force le suivi des liens "
"symboliques."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
msgstr ""
"Sans effet : la commande ne fait rien. Le code de sortie zéro est renvoyé."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Renvoie un résultat d'échec"
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" fonction, ceci a pour effet de rendre les NAME locaux, comme avec la "
"commande «local »."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
"caractères ci-dessus\n"
" avec l'option « -E »."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
"mais\n"
" si plus d'argument sont données, ils sont analysés à la place."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
"Terminer le shell avec le code de retour « N ». Si N est omis, le code\n"
" de retour est celui de la dernière commande exécutée."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
"la\n"
" dernière commande est ré-exécutée."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" JOB_SPEC n'est pas fourni, le shell utilise sa propre notion\n"
" de tâche actuelle."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" Si JOB_SPEC n'est pas fourni, le shell utilise sa propre notion\n"
" de tâche actuelle."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" valeurs de temps associées à chaque élément de l'historique. Sinon,\n"
" aucun valeur de temps n'est affichée."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" par le numéro de processus du leader du groupe de processus pour cette "
"tâche."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" processus que vous pouvez créer, vous n'avez pas besoin de générer un\n"
" nouveau processus pour en tuer un autre."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Si le dernier ARG est évalué à 0, « let » renvoie 1, sinon 0 est renvoyé."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
"ne soit\n"
" fourni pour l'argument « -u »."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
"variables du shell\n"
" sont affichées."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
"position\n"
" lorsque FILENAME est exécuté."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" non-égal, inférieur, inférieur ou égal, supérieur, supérieur ou égal à "
"ARG2."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
"Ceci est un synonyme de la primitive « test », mais le dernier argument\n"
" doit être le caractère « ] », pour fermer le « [ » correspondant."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
"au\n"
" shell avec « kill -signal $$ »."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" « -p » qui prend un multiple de 512 octets et « -u » qui prend un nombre\n"
" sans unité."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" spécificateur de tâche. Si c'est un spécificateur de tâche, tous les\n"
" processus présents dans le tube de la tâche sont attendus."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" utilisé. Pour chaque élément dans WORDS, NAME est défini à cet élément,\n"
" et les COMMANDS sont exécutées."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
"expression\n"
" omise, elle se comporte comme si elle s'évaluait à 1."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" Les COMMANDS sont exécutées après chaque sélection jusqu'à ce qu'une\n"
" commande « break » soit exécutée."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" L'option « -p » affiche le résumé dans un format légèrement différent.\n"
" Elle utilise la valeur de la variable TIMEFORMAT comme format de sortie."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" motif PATTERN de correspondance des mots WORDS. Le caractère\n"
" « | » est utilisé pour séparer les différents motifs."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
"exécutée\n"
" ou zéro si aucune condition n'était vraie. "
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" que la commande finale parmi celles de « while » se termine avec un\n"
" code de retour de zéro."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" que les commandes de « until » se terminent avec un code de retour\n"
" différent de zéro."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"Lance un ensemble de commandes d'un groupe. Ceci est une façon de\n"
" rediriger tout un ensemble de commandes."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
"avait\n"
" été fournie comme argument de « bg »."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
"L'EXPRESSION est évaluée selon les règles de l'évaluation arithmétique.\n"
" C'est équivalent à « let EXPRESSION »."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" est effectuée. Les opérateurs « && » et « || » n'évaluent pas EXPR2 si\n"
" EXPR1 est suffisant pour déterminer la valeur de l'expression."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \t\tdécider quelles commandes doivent être conservées dans la liste "
"d'historique.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Vous pouvez voir la pile des répertoires avec la commande « dirs »."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Vous pouvez voir la pile des répertoires avec la commande « dirs »."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
"la\n"
" liste affichée par « dirs » lorsque celle-ci est appelée sans option."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
"placée dans\n"
" la variable VAR plutôt que d'être envoyée vers la sortie standard."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
"»\n"
" sont générées."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2002-06-14 09:49GMT\n"
"Last-Translator: Gábor István <stive@mezobereny.hu>\n"
"Language-Team: Hungarian <translation-team-hu@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nem lehet létrehozni: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "Csõ (pipe)hiba %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Nem egyértelmû átirányítás"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s Csak olvasható funkció"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nem lehet létrehozni: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: nem futtatható bináris fájl"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "várható kifejezés"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%c%c: rossz opció"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%c%c: rossz opció"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "rossz jel(signal) szám"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s felszabadított változó"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "Csõ (pipe)hiba %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: fenntartva: parancs nem tartalmazhat '/' karaktert"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: parancs nem található"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: egy könyvtár"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "nem másolható a fd %d fd 0: %s-re"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: Nem létezõ pid (%d)!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Ismeretlen #%d Szignál"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Kész"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Megállítva"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Megállítva"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Futó"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Kész (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Kilépés %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Ismeretlen állapot"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(memória kiírás)"
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "(wd most: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "gyermek-folyamat setpgid (%d -ról %d-ra) hiba %d: %s\n"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "várjon:a %d nem utóda ennek a parancsértelmezõnek"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: munkafolyamat megszakadt"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "foglalat %3d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr "(memória kiírás)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd most: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp sikertelen: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: sor fegyelem %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp sikertelen: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "nincs munkafolyamat ellenõrzés ezen a parancsértelmezõn"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "váratlan EOF amíg vizsgáltam a `%c'-t"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: rossz csatlakozás `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s így nem lehet hozzárendelni"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "rossz behelyettesítés: ne a %s be a %s-t"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "until PARANCSOK; do PARANCSOK; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NÉV { PARANCSOK ; } vagy NÉV () { PARANCSOK ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ PARANCSOK }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "fg [munka_folyamat]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "várható kifejezés"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "várható kifejezés"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
#, fuzzy
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
"A parancsértelmezõ változói felhasználhatók operandusként. A változó neve"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [könyvtár | +N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o hosszú opciók] optnév [optnév...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] név [név ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr "NÉV eltávolítása a meghatározott aliasok listájából. A -a opció"
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Folytatja a következõ egy szinttel magasabban elhelyezkedõ FOR, WHILE vagy "
"UNTIL hurokkal."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Folytatja a következõ egy szinttel magasabban elhelyezkedõ FOR, WHILE vagy "
"UNTIL hurokkal."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Nem csinál semmit ez a parancs. A visszatérési értéke 0."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr "Kilép a parancsértelmezõbõl N státusszal. Ha az N-t kihagyja akkor a "
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
"A munka_folyamat-ot az elõtérbe helyezi és jelenlegi folyamatot csinál "
"belõle."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
msgstr ""
"egy ']' szövegkonstansnak kell lennie, hogy párban legyen a nyitó '['-val."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Feltételesen futtatja a PARANCSOT ha a SZÓ megegyezik a MINTÁVAL. A"
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Kibontja és végrehajtja a PARANCSOT amíg az utolsó parancs a "
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Kibontja és végrehajtja a PARANCSOT amíg az utolsó parancs a "
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Parancsok halmazát futtatja egy csoportban. Ez az egyik módja az"
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories"
#~ msgstr "Megjeleníti a jelenleg feljegyzett könyvtárakat. Könyvtárak"
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-09-06 17:41+0700\n"
"Last-Translator: Arif E. Nugroho <arif_endro@yahoo.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Indonesian <translation-team-id@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: harus menggunakan subscript ketika memberikan assosiasi array"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: tidak dapat membuat: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "gagal menulis: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: error mengambil direktori saat ini: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: spesifikasi pekerjaan ambigu"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "tidak dapat menggunakan `-f' untuk membuat fungsi"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: fungsi baca-saja"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: tidak dapat menghapus: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: file terlalu besar"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: tidak dapat menjalankan berkas binary"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "diduga sebuah ekspresi"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: spesifikasi file deskripsi tidak valid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: file deskriptor %s tidak valid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: jumlah baris tidak valid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: asal array tidak valid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: nama aksi tidak valid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "nama variabel array kosong"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "bantuan array variabel dibutuhkan"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "tidak dapat menyalurkan masukan standar dari /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': karakter format tidak valid"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "pipe error"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
"%s: dibatasi: tidak dapat menspesifikasikan '/' dalam nama nama perintah"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: perintah tidak ditemukan"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: interpreter buruk"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "tidak dapat menduplikasikan fd %d ke fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "forked pid %d terlihat dalam pekerjaan yang sedang berjalan %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "menghapus pekerjaan yang terhenti %d dengan proses grup %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: process %5ld (%s) dalam the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) ditandai dengan tetap hidup"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: tidak ada pid seperti itu"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "sinyal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Selesai"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Terhenti"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Terhenti(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Berjalan"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Selesai(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Keluar %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Status tidak diketahui"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(core didump) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "anak setpgid (%ld ke %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld bukan sebuah anak dari shell ini"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Tidak ada catatan untuk proses %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: pekerjaan %d terhenti"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: pekerjaan telah selesai"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: pekerjaan %d sudah berjalan di belakang (background)"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: baris %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (core didump)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd sekarang: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp gagal"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: baris disiplin"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "tidak dapat menset terminal proses grup (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "tidak ada pengontrol pekerjaan dalam shell ini"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "EOF tidak terduga ketika mencari untuk pencocokan ')'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: fungsi `%s' tidak ditemukan"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: konektor buruk `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: '%c': format karakter tidak valid"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: tidak dapat meng-assign dengan cara ini"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "substitusi buruk: tidak ada penutupan \"\" dalam %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "tidak cocok: %s"
msgstr "until PERINTAH; do PERINTAH; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function name { PERINTAH; } atau name () { PERINTAH ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ PERINTAH ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "job_spec [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( expressi ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ expressi ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variabel - Nama dan arti dari beberapa shell variabel"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] format [argumen]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"kata] [-F fungsi] [-C perintah] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o opsi] [-A aksi] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F "
"fungsi] [-C perintah] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o opsi] [nama ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n jumlah] [-O asal] [-s jumlah] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n jumlah] [-O asal] [-s jumlah] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
"ada alias yang\n"
" terdefinisi."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah NAMA bukan alias yang sudah ada."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind memberikan kembalian 0 kecuali sebuah opsi tidak dikenal "
"diberikan atau sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Status keluar adalah 0 kecuali N tidak lebih besar atau sama dengan 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Status keluar adalah 0 kecuali N tidak lebih besar atau sama dengan 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
"BUILTIN adalah\n"
" bukan sebuah shell builtin.."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
"shell atau EXPR\n"
" tidak valid."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan 0 jika direktori berubah; bukan nol jika tidak."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
"direktori sekarang\n"
" tidak bisa dibaca."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Selalu sukses."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Selalu sukses."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Selalu gagal."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan status keluar dari PERINTAH, atau gagal jika PERINTAH "
"tidak ditemukan."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Kadaluarsa. Lihat `help declare'."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
"error terjadi.\n"
" atau shell tidak menjalankan sebuah fungsi."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah penulisan error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah penulisan error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali NAMA bukan sebuah shell builtin atau sebuah "
"error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan status keluar dari perintah atau sukses jika perintah "
"adalah kosong."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
"opsi\n"
" ditemui atau sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali PERINTAH tidak ditemukan atau sebuah "
"redireksi error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
"keluaran\n"
" adalah status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
"error jika tidak dijalankan\n"
" dalam sebuah login shell."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses atau status dari perintah yang dijalankan; tidak-"
"nol jika sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status dari perintah yang ditempatkan di foreground, atau gagal jika "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali pengontrol pekerjaan tidak aktif atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali NAMA tidak ditemukan atau sebuah opsi tidak "
"valid telah diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali POLA tidak ditemukan atau opsi tidak valid "
"diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
"sebuah error terjadi.\n"
" Jika -x digunakan, mengembalikan status keluar dari PERINTAH."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali ada sebuah opsi tidak valid atau JOBSPEC "
"diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Jika ARG terakhir dievaluasi ke 0, membiarkan kembali ke 1; 0 "
"dikembalikan Jika tidak."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
"kehabisan waktu,\n"
" atau sebuah berkas deskripsi disupply sebagai sebuah argumen ke opsi -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan N, atau gagal jika shell tidak menjalan sebuah fungsi atau "
"script."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah NAMA adalah baca-saja."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau NAMA "
"tidak valid."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecual sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau NAMA "
"tidak valid."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali N adalah negatif atau lebih besar dari $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
"BERKAS; gagal jika\n"
" NAMA BERKAS tidak dapat dibaca."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali pengontrol pekerjaan tidak aktif atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
"EXPR mengevaluasi ke\n"
" salah atau sebuah argumen tidak valid diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Ini sinonim untuk \"test\" builtin, tetapi argumen terakhir\n"
" harus berupa sebuah literal `]', untuk mencocokan dengan pembukaan `['."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Selalu sukses."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah SIGSPEC adalah tidak valid atau "
"sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses jika seluruh dari NAMA ditemukan; gagal jika ada "
"yang tidak ditemukan."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali MODE tidak valid atau sebuah opsi tidak "
"valid diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"tidak\n"
" valid diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"tidak valid\n"
" diberikan."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Status kembali adalah status kembali dari PIPELINE."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan setatus dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dijalankan."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali NAMA adalah baca-saja."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari perintah terakhir yang dieksekusi."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan status dari pekerjaan yang dilanjutkan."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" Mengembalikan 1 jika EXPRESI dievaluasi ke 0; mengembalikan 0 jika tidak."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Status Keluar:\n"
" 0 atau 1 tergantun dari nilai dari EKSPRESI."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
"digunakan untuk menentukan dimana\n"
" \t\tperintah seharusnya disimpan dalam daftar sejarah.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
"atau pemindahan\n"
" direktori gagal."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
"atau pemindahan\n"
" direktori gagal."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali ada sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
"tidak valid diberikan\n"
" atau OPTNAME dinonaktifkan."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"sebuah penulisan atau penempatan\n"
" error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"sebuah error terjadi."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
"tidak memiliki\n"
" spesifikasi penyelesaian yang terdefinisi."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Mengembalikan sukses kecuali sebuah opsi tidak valid diberikan atau "
"ARRAY adalah baca-saja."
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2000-03-21 19:30+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Kyoichi Ozaki <k@afromania.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese <ja@li.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: %s ¤òºîÀ®¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥¨¥é¡¼: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: ¤¢¤¤¤Þ¤¤¤Ê¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: Æɤ߹þ¤ß¤Î¤ß¤Î´Ø¿ô"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: %s ¤òºîÀ®¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "ɽ¸½¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤¹"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%c%c: °¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%c%c: °¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "°¤¤¥·¥°¥Ê¥ëÈÖ¹æ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: Ÿ³«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ÊÑ¿ô"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥¨¥é¡¼: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: À©¸Â: `/' ¤ò¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É̾¤Ëµ½Ò¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: ¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "fd %d ¤ò fd 0 ¤ËÊ£À½¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó: %s"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: ¥×¥í¥»¥¹ID(%d)¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "̤ÃΤΥ·¥°¥Ê¥ë #%d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "½ªÎ»"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Ää»ß"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Ää»ß"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "¼Â¹ÔÃæ"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "½ªÎ»(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "½ªÎ» %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "̤ÃΤΥ¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(¥³¥¢¥À¥ó¥×) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "ÂÔµ¡: pid %d ¤³¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤Î»Ò¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ï½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "¥¹¥í¥Ã¥È %3d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (¥³¥¢¥À¥ó¥×)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp ¼ºÇÔ: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: ¥é¥¤¥ó discipline: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp ¼ºÇÔ: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "¤³¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¤Ï¥¸¥ç¥ÖÀ©¸æ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ªÎ»(EOF)¤¬`%c'¤ò¸«ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤Þ¤¨¤ËȯÀ¸"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: °¤¤Àܳ `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»ØÄê¤Ç¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "°¤¤ÂåÆþ: `%s' ¤¬ %s ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "until ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·²; do ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·²; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function ̾Á° { ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·² ; } or ̾Á° () { ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·² ; } "
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É·² }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "ɽ¸½¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤¹"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "ɽ¸½¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤¹"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê | +N | -N ] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o Ť¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó] optname [optname...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] ̾Á° [̾Á° ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"[̾Á°]¤òÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤«¤éºï½ü¤·¤Ê¤µ¤¤¡£¤â¤·¡¢-a ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤷ"
"¤¿¤Ê¤é¡¢"
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Missing `}'"
#~ msgstr "`}'¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-# translation of bash-3.2.po to Lithuanian
+# translation of bash-4.0-pre1.po to Lithuanian
# Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
#
# Gintautas Miliauskas <gintas@akl.lt>, 2008.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: bash-3.2\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: bash-4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-07-28 03:07-0400\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-13 16:28+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Gintautas Miliauskas <gintas@akl.lt>\n"
"Language-Team: Lithuanian <komp_lt@konferencijos.lt>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nepavyko sukurti: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:260
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#, c-format
msgid "warning: "
-msgstr "%s: įspėjimas: "
+msgstr "įspėjimas: "
#: builtins/common.c:153
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#, c-format
msgid "%s: usage: "
-msgstr "%s: įspėjimas: "
+msgstr "%s: naudojimas: "
#: builtins/common.c:166 test.c:822
msgid "too many arguments"
#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:787
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option"
-msgstr "%s: nesamas parametras"
+msgstr "%s: negalimas parametras"
#: builtins/common.c:221
#, c-format
msgstr "`%s': netaisyklingas identifikatorius"
#: builtins/common.c:238
-#, fuzzy
msgid "invalid octal number"
-msgstr "netaisyklingas signalo numeris"
+msgstr "netaisyklingas aštuonetainis skaičius"
#: builtins/common.c:240
-#, fuzzy
msgid "invalid hex number"
-msgstr "netaisyklingas skaičius"
+msgstr "netaisyklingas šešioliktainis skaičius"
#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1255
msgid "invalid number"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "rašymo klaida: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: klaida skaitant esamą aplanką: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: dviprasmis darbo aprašymas"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "negalima naudoti „-f“ funkcijoms kurti"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funkcija tik skaitymui"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nepavyko ištrinti: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: failas per didelis"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: negalima vykdyti dvejetainių failų"
msgstr "Yra sustabdytų darbų.\n"
#: builtins/exit.def:122
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#, c-format
msgid "There are running jobs.\n"
-msgstr "Yra sustabdytų darbų.\n"
+msgstr "Yra veikiančių darbų.\n"
#: builtins/fc.def:261
msgid "no command found"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "tikėtasi išraiškos"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: netaisyklinga failo deskriptoriaus specifikacija"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: netaisyklingas failo deskriptorius: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: nesamas parametras"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: nesamas parametras"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: netaisyklingas veiksmo pavadinimas"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: ne masyvo kintamasis"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgstr "„%c“: netaisyklingas formato simbolis"
#: builtins/printf.def:571
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#, c-format
msgid "warning: %s: %s"
-msgstr "%s: įspėjimas: "
+msgstr "įspėjimas: %s: %s"
#: builtins/printf.def:750
msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
#: builtins/ulimit.def:465 builtins/ulimit.def:765
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nepayko pakeisti limito: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nepavyko pakeisti limito: %s"
#: builtins/umask.def:118
msgid "octal number"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "nepavyko peradresuoti standartinio įvedimo iš /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: „%c“: netaisyklingas formato simbolis"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "rašymo klaida: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: apribota: negalima naudoti „/“ komandų pavadinimuose"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: komanda nerasta"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: blogas interpretatorius"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "nepavyko dublikuoti fd %d į fd %d"
#: expr.c:781
msgid "exponent less than 0"
-msgstr "eksponentas mažesnis už 0"
+msgstr "eksponentė mažesnis už 0"
#: expr.c:826
msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "trinamas sustabdytas darbas %d procesų grupėje %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: tokio pid nėra"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld nėra šios aplinkos dukterinis procesas"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: nėra proceso %ld įrašo"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: darbas %d yra sustabdytas"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: darbas užsibaigė"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: darbas %d jau fone"
-#: jobs.c:3487
-#, fuzzy, c-format
+#: jobs.c:3492
+#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
-msgstr "%s: įspėjimas: "
+msgstr "%s: %d eilutė: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "šioje aplinkoje nėra darbų valdymo"
"malloc: %s:%d: prielaida pažeista\r\n"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:313
-#, fuzzy
msgid "unknown"
-msgstr "%s: adresas nežinomas"
+msgstr "nežinoma"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797
msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "netikėta failo pabaiga ieškant atitinkamo „)“"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: funkcija „%s“ nerasta"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: blogas jungtukas „%d“"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: „%c“: netaisyklingas formato simbolis"
#: redir.c:517
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
-msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/komp/prievadas nepalaikoma be tinklo"
+msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/serveris/prievadas nepalaikoma be tinklo"
#: redir.c:1023
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
#: siglist.c:74
msgid "ABORT instruction"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "ABORT instrukcija"
#: siglist.c:78
msgid "EMT instruction"
#: siglist.c:82
msgid "Floating point exception"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Slankaus kablelio klaida"
#: siglist.c:86
msgid "Killed"
#: siglist.c:94
msgid "Segmentation fault"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Segmentacijos klaida"
#: siglist.c:98
msgid "Bad system call"
#: siglist.c:106
msgid "Alarm clock"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Žadintuvas"
#: siglist.c:110
-#, fuzzy
msgid "Terminated"
-msgstr "apribota"
+msgstr "Nutraukta"
#: siglist.c:114
msgid "Urgent IO condition"
#: siglist.c:118
msgid "Stopped (signal)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Sustabdyta (signalas)"
#: siglist.c:126
msgid "Continue"
#: siglist.c:138
msgid "Stopped (tty input)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Sustabdyta (tty įvedimas)"
#: siglist.c:142
msgid "Stopped (tty output)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Sustabdyta (tty išvedimas)"
#: siglist.c:146
msgid "I/O ready"
#: siglist.c:150
msgid "CPU limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "CPU riba"
#: siglist.c:154
msgid "File limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Failų riba"
#: siglist.c:158
msgid "Alarm (virtual)"
#: siglist.c:166
msgid "Window changed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Langas pakeistas"
#: siglist.c:170
msgid "Record lock"
#: siglist.c:194
msgid "migrate process to another CPU"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "proceso migravimas į kitą CPU"
#: siglist.c:198
msgid "programming error"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: negalima tokiu būdu priskirti"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "blogas keitinys: trūksta „%s“ %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "nėra atitikmenų: %s"
#: version.c:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Autorinės teisės (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
+msgstr "Autorinės teisės (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
#: version.c:47
msgid ""
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "(( expression ))"
-msgstr "tikėtasi išraiškos"
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:206
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "[[ expression ]]"
-msgstr "tikėtasi išraiškos"
+msgid "(( expression ))"
+msgstr "(( išraiška ))"
#: builtins.c:208
+msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgstr "[[ išraiška ]]"
+
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" išskleidžiamas. „alias“ grąžina „true“, nebent duotas VARDAS, kuriam\n"
" neaprašytas joks alternatyvusis vardas."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"Pašalinti VARDUS iš aprašytų alternatyviųjų vardų sąrašo. Jei nurodyta\n"
" nuostata -a, pašalinti visus alternatyviuosius vardus."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Tęsti kitą FOR, WHILE arba UNTIL ciklo iteraciją.\n"
" Jei N nurodytas, tęsti ciklą, esantį N lygmenų virš esamo."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" IŠRAIŠKOS reikšmė nurodo, per kiek kvietimo freimų grįžti nuo\n"
" esamo; viršutinis freimas yra 0."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" užuot sekus simbolines nuorodas; parametras -L nurodo, kad turi būti\n"
" sekama simbolinėmis nuorodomis."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Jokio efekto; komanda nieko nedaro. Grąžinamas klaidos kodas 0."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Grąžinti nesėkmingą rezultatą."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
"nustatomas\n"
" paskutinės vykdytos komandos klaidos kodas."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" Jei nurodyta ARGUMENTŲ, jie tampa poziciniais parametrais iškvietus\n"
" FAILĄ."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
"Išskleisti ir vykdyti KOMANDAS tol, kol galutinė komanda iš\n"
" „while“ komandų grąžina klaidos kodą 0."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"Išskleisti ir vykdyti KOMANDAS tol, kol galutinė komanda iš\n"
" „until“ komandų grąžina klaidos kodą, nelygų 0."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"Vykdyti eilę komandų grupėje. Tai yra vienas iš būdų nukreipti\n"
" visos eilės komandų įvedimą/išvedimą."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" Jei pateiktas parametras -v, išvedimas įrašomas į aplinkos kintamąjį\n"
" KINT, užuot spausdinus į standartinį išvedimą."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" Jei pateiktas nebūtinasis ŽODŽIO argumentas, išvedami įrašai,\n"
" atitinkantys ŽODĮ."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash-4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-09-21 19:58+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Benno Schulenberg <benno@vertaalt.nl>\n"
"Language-Team: Dutch <vertaling@vrijschrift.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: een index is nodig bij toekenning aan associatief array"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "Kan %s niet aanmaken: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "schrijffout: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: fout tijdens bepalen van huidige map: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: taakaanduiding is niet eenduidig"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "'-f' kan niet gebruikt worden om een functie te definiëren"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: is een alleen-lezen functie"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "Kan %s niet verwijderen: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: bestand is te groot"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: kan een binair bestand niet uitvoeren"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "uitdrukking werd verwacht"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: ongeldige aanduiding van bestandsdescriptor"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: ongeldige bestandsdescriptor: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: ongeldig regelaantal"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: ongeldig array-begin"
# Quantum is een hoeveelheid regels, een getal.
# Callback is de aan te roepen functie, maar onnodig in de vertaling.
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: ongeldige hoeveelheid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "lege naam van array-variabele"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "ondersteuning van arrayvariabelen is vereist"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "kan standaardinvoer niet omleiden vanaf /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: '%c': ongeldig opmaakteken"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "pijpfout"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: beperkte modus: '/' in opdrachtnamen is niet toegestaan"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: opdracht niet gevonden"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: ongeldige interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "kan bestandsdescriptor %d niet dupliceren naar bestandsdescriptor %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline(): procesgroep van pijp"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "afgesplitst PID %d hoort bij draaiende taak %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "verwijderen van gepauzeerde taak %d met procesgroep %ld..."
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process(): proces %5ld (%s) in de pijplijn"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process(): PID %5ld (%s) staat gemarkeerd als nog actief"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid(): PID %ld bestaat niet"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signaal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Klaar"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Gepauzeerd"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Gepauzeerd(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Wordt uitgevoerd"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Klaar(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Onbekende afsluitwaarde"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(geheugendump gemaakt) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (werkmap: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "instellen van procesgroep %2$ld van dochter %1$ld"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait(): PID %ld is geen dochterproces van deze shell"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for(): proces %ld is nergens geregistreerd"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job(): taak %d is gepauzeerd"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: taak is afgesloten"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: taak %d draait al op de achtergrond"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: regel %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (geheugendump gemaakt)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(werkmap is nu: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp() is mislukt"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: lijnprotocol"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid()"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "kan procesgroep (%d) van terminal niet instellen"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "er is geen taakbesturing in deze shell"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "onverwacht bestandseinde tijdens zoeken naar bijpassende ')'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion(): functie '%s' niet gevonden"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert(): %s: lege COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command(): ongeldige verbinder '%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf(): '%c': ongeldig opmaakteken"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: kan niet op deze manier toewijzen"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "ongeldige vervanging: geen afsluitende '`' in %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "geen overeenkomst: %s"
msgstr "until OPDRACHTEN; do OPDRACHTEN; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NAAM { OPDRACHTEN ; } of NAAM () { OPDRACHTEN ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ OPDRACHTEN ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "TAAKAANDUIDING [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( EXPRESSIE ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ EXPRESSIE ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variables - enkele shell-variabelen"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | MAP]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [OPTIENAAM...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v VARIABELE] OPMAAK [ARGUMENTEN]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
" [-W WOORDENLIJST] [-F FUNCTIE] [-C OPDRACHT]\n"
" [-X FILTERPATROON] [-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] [NAAM...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
" [-W WOORDENLIJST] [-F FUNCTIE] [-C OPDRACHT]\n"
" [-X FILTERPATROON] [-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] [WOORD]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o OPTIE] [NAAM...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n AANTAL] [-O BEGIN] [-s AANTAL] [-t] [-u BESTANDSDESCRIPTOR]\n"
" [-C FUNCTIE] [-c HOEVEELHEID] [ARRAY]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n AANTAL] [-O BEGIN] [-s AANTAL] [-t] [-u BESTANDSDESCRIPTOR]\n"
+" [-C FUNCTIE] [-c HOEVEELHEID] [ARRAY]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij er een NAAM zonder VERVANGING gegeven is."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij NAAM geen bestaande alias is."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
"fout\n"
" optrad."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Als N gegeven is, dan worden N niveaus van lussen beëindigd.\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij N kleiner dan 1 is."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Als N gegeven is, dan wordt N niveaus hoger doorgegaan. De "
"afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij N kleiner dan 1 is."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de uitgevoerde shell-functie, of 1\n"
" of 1 als INGEBOUWDE_SHELLFUNCTIE geen ingebouwde shell-functie is."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij de shell momenteel geen functie uitvoert\n"
" of EXPRESSIE ongeldig is."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 als de gewenste map ingesteld kon worden, anders 1."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd\n"
" of de huidige map niet bepaald kon worden."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Doet niets; de opdracht heeft geen effect; de afsluitwaarde is 0."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr "Geeft afsluitwaarde 0, horend bij \"gelukt\"."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Geeft afsluitwaarde 1, horend bij \"mislukt\"."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de uitgevoerde OPDRACHT,\n"
" of 1 als de OPDRACHT niet gevonden is."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"Waarden en attributen van variabelen instellen.\n"
" Verouderd. Zie 'help declare'."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd, er een\n"
" fout optrad, of de shell geen functie aan het uitvoeren is."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een schrijffout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een schrijffout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij NAAM geen ingebouwde shell-opdracht is of\n"
" een fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
"opdracht\n"
" leeg is."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" Normaliter ontleedt 'getopts' de positionele parameters: $0...$9.\n"
" Maar als er argumenten gegeven worden, dan worden deze ontleed."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij OPDRACHT niet gevonden wordt of er een\n"
" omleidingsfout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Beëindigt de shell met een afsluitwaarde van N. Zonder N is de\n"
" afsluitwaarde die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" Beëindigt een login-shell met een afsluitwaarde van N. Geeft een\n"
" foutmelding als de huidige shell geen login-shell is."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde die van de uitgevoerde opdracht, of 0, of niet-nul als\n"
" er een fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
"er\n"
" een fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 tenzij taakbeheer uitgeschakeld is of er een fout\n"
" optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij NAAM niet gevonden wordt of een ongeldige\n"
" optie gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"ongeldige\n"
" optie gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" fout optreedt. Als '-x' gebruikt is, dan is de afsluitwaarde die van\n"
" OPDRACHT."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie of TAAKAANDUIDING\n"
" gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Als het laatste ARGUMENT evalueert tot 0, dan is de afsluitwaarde van\n"
" 'let' 1; anders 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" de tijdslimiet overschreden werd, of een ongeldige bestandsdescriptor\n"
" als argument van '-u' gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" uitvoeren is."
# Voor de duidelijkheid is de tejstvolgorde veranderd.
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd of een\n"
" NAAM alleen-lezen is."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie of NAAM gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie of NAAM gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 tenzij N negatief is of groter dan $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
"gegeven\n"
" bestand, of 1 als dit bestand niet gelezen kan worden."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 tenzij taakbeheer uitgeschakeld is of er een fout\n"
" optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 als EXPRESSIE waar is, 1 als EXPRESSIE onwaar is,\n"
" en 2 als een ongeldig argument gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Dit is een synoniem voor de ingebouwde functie 'test', behalve dat\n"
" het laatste argument een ']' moet zijn, horend bij de begin-'['."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is altijd 0."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie of SIGNAALAANDUIDING\n"
" gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" als de naam onbekend is\\ \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 als elke NAAM gevonden werd, anders 1."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd of een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij MODUS ongeldig is of een ongeldige optie\n"
" gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van ID, 1 als ID ongeldig si, of 2 als een\n"
" ongeldige optie gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van ID, 1 als ID ongeldig si, of 2 als een\n"
" ongeldige optie gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" dat element en worden de OPDRACHTEN uitgevoerd. \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" overdraagbare standaardopmaak.\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de PIJPLIJN."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
"uitgevoerde\n"
" deelopdracht, of nul als geen enkele 'if' of 'elif' nul opleverde."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij NAAM onveranderbaar is."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de laatst uitgevoerde opdracht."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is die van de hervatte taak."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 1 als de EXPRESSIE tot 0 evalueert; anders 0."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0 of 1, afhankelijk van EXPRESSIE."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
"het\n"
" geschiedeniscommentaarteken, gewoonlijk '#'\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" mapwijziging mislukte. De opdracht 'dirs' geeft de huidige "
"mappenstapel weer."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldig argument gegeven werd of de\n"
" mapwijziging mislukte."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
"optie\n"
" gegeven werd."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
"een\n"
" fout optreedt."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij een ongeldige optie gegeven werd of voor\n"
" NAAM is geen completeringsvoorschrift gedefinieerd."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" De afsluitwaarde is 0, tenzij ARRAY alleen-lezen is of een ongeldige\n"
" optie gegeven werd."
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "%s: invalid number"
#~ msgstr "%s: ongeldig getal"
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2007-11-30 08:49+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Andrzej M. Krzysztofowicz <ankry@mif.pg.gda.pl>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <translation-team-pl@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nie mo¿na utworzyæ: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "b³±d zapisu: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: b³±d przy okre¶laniu katalogu bie¿±cego: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: niejednoznaczne okre¶lenie zadania"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "nie mo¿na u¿ywaæ `-f' do tworzenia funkcji"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funkcja tylko do odczytu"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nie mo¿na usun±æ: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: plik jest za du¿y"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: nie mo¿na uruchomiæ pliku binarnego"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "spodziewano siê wyra¿enia"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: nieprawid³owo okre¶lony deskryptor pliku"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: nieprawid³owy deskryptor pliku: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: nieprawid³owa opcja"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: nieprawid³owa opcja"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: nieprawid³owa nazwa akcji"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: nie jest zmienn± tablicow±"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "nie mo¿na przekierowaæ standardowego wej¶cia z /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': nieprawid³owy znak formatuj±cy"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "b³±d zapisu: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: ograniczony: nie mo¿na podawaæ `/' w nazwach poleceñ"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: nie znaleziono polecenia"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: z³y interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "nie mo¿na skopiowaæ deskryptora pliku %d do %d"
msgstr ""
# ???
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "proces o PID %d wystêpuje w dzia³aj±cym zadaniu %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "usuwanie zatrzymanego zadania %d z grup± procesów %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: brak takiego PID-u"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: PID %ld nie jest potomkiem tej pow³oki"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Brak rekordu dla procesu %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: zadanie %d jest zatrzymane"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: zadanie zosta³o przerwane"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: zadanie %d ju¿ pracuje w tle"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: uwaga: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "w tej pow³oce nie ma kontroli zadañ"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "nieoczekiwany EOF podczas poszukiwania pasuj±cego `)'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "uzupe³nienie: nie znaleziono funkcji `%s'"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: z³y ³±cznik `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: `%c': nieprawid³owy znak formatuj±cy"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: nie mo¿na przypisywaæ w ten sposób"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "z³e podstawienie: brak zamykaj±cego `%s' w %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "brak pasuj±cego: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "spodziewano siê wyra¿enia"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "spodziewano siê wyra¿enia"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" s³owa. Polecenie alias zwraca prawdê, chyba ¿e poda siê NAME, dla\n"
" którego nie zdefiniowano aliasu."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"Usuwa wszystkie NAME z listy zdefiniowanych aliasów. Je¶li podano opcjê -a,\n"
" usuwane s± wszystkie definicje aliasów."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
"jako\n"
" dane wej¶ciowe."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Rozpoczêcie nastêpnej iteracji pêtli FOR, WHILE lub UNTIL zawier±jacej\n"
" polecenie. Je¶li podano N, iteracja dotyczy pêtli N-tego poziomu."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
"Rozpoczêcie nastêpnej iteracji pêtli FOR, WHILE lub UNTIL zawier±jacej\n"
" polecenie. Je¶li podano N, iteracja dotyczy pêtli N-tego poziomu."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" Warto¶æ EXPR okre¶la o ile ramek wywo³añ wzglêdem bie¿±cej ramki\n"
" nale¿y siê cofn±æ; numer najwy¿szej ramki to 0."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" katalogów zamiast ¶ledzenia dowi±zañ symbolicznych; opcja -L wymusza\n"
" ¶ledzenie dowi±zañ symbolicznych."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
"¯adnego efektu; polecenie nic nie robi. Jako kod zakoñczenia\n"
" zwracane jest zero."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "Zwracany jest niepomy¶lny wynik zakoñczenia."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" U¿ycie `+' zamiast `-' powoduje wy³±czenie danego atrybutu. U¿yte\n"
" w funkcji czyni wszystkie NAME lokalnymi, podobnie jak polecenie `local'."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Za pomoc± opcji -E mo¿na jawnie wy³±czyæ interpretacjê powy¿szych znaków."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
"Opuszczenie pow³oki z kodem zakoñczenia N. Je¶li N pominiêto, kodem\n"
" zakoñczenia bêdzie kod zakoñczenia ostatniego wykonanego polecenia."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" `r cc' uruchamia ostatnie polecenie zaczynaj±ce siê od `cc' a napisanie\n"
" `r' uruchamia ponownie ostatnie polecenie."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" zadaniem. Je¶li nie podano JOB_SPEC, u¿yte zostanie zadanie bie¿±ce\n"
" w rozumieniu pow³oki"
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" z `&'. Je¶li nie podano JOB_SPEC, u¿yte zostanie zadanie bie¿±ce\n"
" w rozumieniu pow³oki"
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" ka¿dej z wystêpuj±cych w ARGS specyfikacji zadañ numerem PID procesu\n"
" wiod±cego danego zadania."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" oraz, w przypadku osi±gniêcia ograniczenia na liczbê procesów, nie\n"
" powoduje potrzeby uruchamiania dodatkowego procesu, aby jaki¶ ubiæ."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" Je¶li warto¶ci± ostatniego argumentu jest 0, let zwraca 1;\n"
" w pozosta³ych przypadkach zwracane jest 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
"deskryptor\n"
" pliku."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" pozycyjnymi i s± one przypisane, kolejno, do $1, $2, .. $n. Gdy nie\n"
" zostan± podane ¿adne argumenty, wypisywane s± wszystkie zmienne pow³oki."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" w $PATH. Je¶li podane zostan± jakiekolwiek ARGUMENTS, staj± siê\n"
" parametrami pozycyjnymi podczas uruchomienia FILENAME."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" równy, nierówny, mniejszy ni¿, mniejszy lub równy, wiêkszy ni¿ lub\n"
" wiêkszy lub równy arg2."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
"Jest to synonim dla wbudowanego polecenia \"test\", ale wymagaj±cy, by\n"
" ostatnim argumentem by³ `]' pasuj±cy do pocz±tkowego `['."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" nazw sygna³ów wraz z odpowiadaj±cymi im numerami. Nale¿y zauwa¿yæ, ¿e\n"
" sygna³ mo¿na wys³aæ do pow³oki poleceniem \"kill -signal $$\"."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" -p, które jest w jednostkach 512-bajtowych oraz -u, które jest\n"
" bezwymiarow± liczb± procesów."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" procesu lub specyfikacj± zadania; gdy jest specyfikacj± zadania,\n"
" oczekiwanie dotyczy wszystkich procesów w potoku zadania."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" Dla ka¿dego elementu WORDS, NAME jest ustawiane na ten element\n"
" i uruchamiane s± COMMANDS."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" EXP1, EXP2 i EXP3 s± wyra¿eniami arytmetycznymi. Je¶li które¶ z wyra¿eñ\n"
" zostanie pominiête, zachowanie jest takie, jaby mia³o ono warto¶æ 1."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" wiersz jest zachowywany w zmiennej REPLY. Po ka¿dym wyborze uruchamiane\n"
" s± polecenia COMMANDS a¿ do polecenia break."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" podsumowania czasów w nieco innej postaci. U¿ywana jest wtedy warto¶æ\n"
" zmiennej TIMEFORMAT jako format danych wyj¶ciowych."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
"pasuje\n"
" do wzorca PATTERN. Znak `|' s³u¿y do rozdzielania wielu wzorców."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" uruchomionego polecenia lub zero, gdy ¿aden ze sprawdzanych warunków\n"
" nie by³ prawdziwy."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
"Rozwijanie i uruchamianie poleceñ COMMANDS tak d³ugo, dopóki ostatnie\n"
" polecenie w `while' COMMANDS koñczy siê z kodem zero."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
"Rozwijanie i uruchamianie poleceñ COMMANDS tak d³ugo, dopóki ostatnie\n"
" polecenie w `until' COMMANDS koñczy siê z kodem niezerowym."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
"Uruchomienie zbioru poleceñ jako grupy. W ten sposób mo¿na przekierowaæ\n"
" ca³y zbiór poleceñ."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
"dla\n"
" `bg'."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
"Obliczenie wyra¿enia EXPRESSION zgodnie z zasadami obliczania wyra¿eñ\n"
" arytmetycznych. Równowa¿ne \"let EXPRESSION\"."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" wzorca. Operatory && i || nie opliczaj± EXPR2, je¶li obliczenie EXPR1\n"
" wystarcza do okre¶lenia warto¶ci wyra¿enia."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Zawarto¶æ stosu katalogów mo¿na zobaczyæ za pomoc± polecenia `dirs'."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Zawarto¶æ stosu katalogów mo¿na zobaczyæ za pomoc± polecenia `dirs'."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" -N\tWypisanie N-tej pozycji licz±c od prawej strony listy wypisywanej\n"
" \tprzez dirs wywo³ane bez opcji, pocz±wszy od zera."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" Gdy podany jest opcjonalny argument WORD, generowane s± uzupe³nienia\n"
" pasuj±ce do WORD."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2002-05-08 13:50GMT -3\n"
"Last-Translator: Halley Pacheco de Oliveira <halleypo@ig.com.br>\n"
"Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <ldp-br@bazar.conectiva.com.br>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível criar: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "erro de `pipe': %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Redirecionamento ambíguo"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: função somente para leitura"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: impossível criar: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: impossível executar o arquivo binário"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "esperado uma expressão"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%c%c: opção incorreta"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%c%c: opção incorreta"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "número do sinal incorreto"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: variável não vinculada"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "erro de `pipe': %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: restrição: não é permitido especificar `/' em nomes de comandos"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: comando não encontrado"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: é um diretório"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "impossível duplicar fd (descritor de arquivo) %d para fd 0: %s"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: o identificador do processo (pid) não existe (%d)!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Sinal desconhecido #%d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Concluído"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Parado"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Parado"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Executando"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Concluído(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Fim da execução com status %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Status desconhecido"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(imagem do núcleo gravada)"
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "(wd agora: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "`setpgid' filho (%d para %d) erro %d: %s\n"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: o pid %d não é um filho deste `shell'"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: o trabalho terminou"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "encaixe (slot) %3d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (imagem do núcleo gravada)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd agora: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp falhou: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: disciplina da linha: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp falhou: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "nenhum controle de trabalho nesta `shell'"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "encontrado EOF não esperado enquanto procurava por `%c'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: conector incorreto `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: impossível atribuir desta maneira"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "substituição incorreta: nenhum `%s' em %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "until COMANDOS; do COMANDOS; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NOME { COMANDOS ; } ou NOME () { COMANDOS ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ COMANDOS }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "fg [JOB-ESPECIFICADO]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "esperado uma expressão"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "esperado uma expressão"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
#, fuzzy
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "As variáveis da `shell' podem ser operandos. O nome da variável é"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [DIR | +N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o OPÇÃO-LONGA] NOME-OPÇÃO [NOME-OPÇÃO...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] NOME [NOME ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
msgstr ""
"Remove NOMEs da lista de aliases definidos. Se a opção -a for fornecida,"
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr "Prossegue no próximo ciclo do laço FOR, WHILE ou UNTIL envolvente."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr "Prossegue no próximo ciclo do laço FOR, WHILE ou UNTIL envolvente."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
msgstr ""
"Nenhum efeito; o comando não faz nada. Retorna zero no código de saída."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr "Sair da `shell' com status igual a N. Se N for omitido, o status"
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
msgstr ""
"Colocar JOB-ESPECIFICADO no primeiro plano, e torná-lo o trabalho atual."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr "argumento deve ser o literal `]', para fechar o `[' de abertura."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
msgstr ""
"Executar seletivamente COMANDOS tomando por base a correspondência entre"
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Expande e executa COMANDOS enquanto o comando final nos"
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Expande e executa COMANDOS enquanto o comando final nos"
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr "Executa um conjunto de comandos agrupando-os. Esta é uma forma de"
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories"
#~ msgstr "Exibe a lista atual de diretórios memorizados. Os diretórios são"
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 2.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1997-08-17 18:42+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Eugen Hoanca <eugenh@urban-grafx.ro>\n"
"Language-Team: Romanian <translation-team-ro@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: nu s-a putut crea: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "eroare de legãturã (pipe): %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Redirectare ambiguã"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funcþie doar în citire (readonly)"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: nu s-a putut crea: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: nu se poate executa fiºierul binar"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "se aºteaptã expresie"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%c%c: opþiune invalidã"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%c%c: opþiune invalidã"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "numãr de semnal invalid"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: variabilã fãrã limitã"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "eroare de legãturã (pipe): %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: limitat: nu se poate specifica `/' în numele comenzilor"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: comandã negãsitã"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: este director"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "nu se poate duplica fd %d în fd 0: %s"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: Nu existã pid-ul (%d)!\n"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Semnal Necunoscut #%d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Finalizat"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Stopat"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Stopat"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "În rulare"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Finalizat(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Ieºire %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Stare necunoscutã"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(core dumped) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr "(wd actual: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "setpgid copil (de la %d la %d) a întâlnit o eroare %d: %s\n"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "aºteptaþi: pid-ul %d nu este rezultat(child) al acestui shell"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: jobul a fost terminat"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "slot %3d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (core dumped)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd actual: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp eºuat: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: disciplinã linie: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
#, fuzzy
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp eºuat: %s"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "nici un control de job în acest shell"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "EOF brusc în cãutare dupã `%c'"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: conector greºitr `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: nu se poate asigna în acest mod"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "substituþie invalidã: nu existã ')' de final în %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr "until COMENZI; do COMENZI; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function NUME { COMENZI ; } sau NUME () { COMENZI ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
#, fuzzy
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ COMENZI }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
#, fuzzy
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "fg [job_spec]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "se aºteaptã expresie"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "se aºteaptã expresie"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
#, fuzzy
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "Variabilele shell-ului sunt admise ca operanzi. Numele variabilei"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
#, fuzzy
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [+N | -N] [-n]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
#, fuzzy
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o opþiune lungã] nume_opt [nume_opt...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
#, fuzzy
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "type [-apt] nume [nume ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
msgstr ""
"Nici un efect, comanda nu face nimic. Un cod de ieºire zero este returnat."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr "Iese din shell cu starea lui N. Dacã N este omis, starea de ieºire"
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Missing `}'"
#~ msgstr "`}' lipsã"
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: GNU bash 3.1-release\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-01-05 21:28+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Evgeniy Dushistov <dushistov@mail.ru>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <ru@li.org>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "ÏÖÉÄÁÌÏÓØ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÇÏ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÁ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÁÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÁÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ-ÍÁÓÓÉ×"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: ÐÌÏÈÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ fd %d × fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ:"
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr ""
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr ""
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr ""
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "ÎÅÔ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÀÝÅÇÏ `%c' × %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "ÎÅÔ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "ÏÖÉÄÁÌÏÓØ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "ÏÖÉÄÁÌÏÓØ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" îÅÔ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ; ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ. îÕÌØ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ × "
"ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr "÷ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ: ÎÅÕÄÁÞÁ."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" åÓÌÉ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ óìï÷ï ÂÙÌ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÕÔ "
"ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÅÎÉÑ Ó óìï÷ï."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "Without EXPR, returns returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR,"
#~ msgstr "âÅÚ ÷ùòáö ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ \"$ÓÔÒÏËÁ $ÉÍÑÆÁÊÌÁ\". ó ÷ùòáö,"
-# Translation of the bash package to Slovak
+# Slovak translation for bash.
# Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
-# Ivan Masár <helix84@centrum.sk>, 2007, 2008.
+# Ivan Masár <helix84@centrum.sk>, 2007, 2008, 2009.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-10-25 20:42+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-07 15:11+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Ivan Masár <helix84@centrum.sk>\n"
"Language-Team: Slovak <sk-i18n@lists.linux.sk>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: pri priraďovaní asociatívnemu poľu je potrebné použiť index"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa vytvoriť: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné vytvoriť: %s"
#: bashline.c:3413
msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
-msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: nedá sa nájsť klávesová mapa pre príkaz"
+msgstr ""
+"bash_execute_unix_command: nie je možné nájsť klávesovú mapu pre príkaz"
#: bashline.c:3491
#, c-format
#: builtins/bind.def:245
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa čítať: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné prečítať: %s"
#: builtins/bind.def:260
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
-msgstr "„%s“: nedá sa zrušiť väzba (unbind)"
+msgstr "„%s“: nie je možné zrušiť väzbu (unbind)"
#: builtins/bind.def:295 builtins/bind.def:325
#, c-format
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "chyba zapisovania: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba pri zisťovaní aktuálneho adresára: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: nejednoznačné určenie úlohy"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "nie je možné použiť „-f“ pre tvorbu funkcií"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: funkcia iba na čítanie"
#: builtins/enable.def:312
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s"
-msgstr "nedá sa otvoriť zdieľaný objekt %s: %s"
+msgstr "nie je možné otvoriť zdieľaný objekt %s: %s"
#: builtins/enable.def:335
#, c-format
#: builtins/enable.def:474
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa zmazať: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné zmazať: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: súbor je príliš veľký"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: nie je možné vykonať binárny súbor"
#: builtins/exec.def:212
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa spustiť: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné spustiť: %s"
#: builtins/exit.def:65
#, c-format
#: builtins/fc.def:362
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa otvoriť odkladací súbor: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné otvoriť odkladací súbor: %s"
#: builtins/fg_bg.def:149 builtins/jobs.def:282
msgid "current"
#: builtins/hash.def:244
#, c-format
msgid "hits\tcommand\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "použití\tpríkaz\n"
#: builtins/help.def:130
#, c-format
msgid ""
"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
msgstr ""
-"pre „%s“ neboli nájdené zodpovedajúce témy pomocníka. Skúste „help help“ "
-"alebo „man -k %s“ alebo „info %s“."
+"pre „%s“ neboli nájdené zodpovedajúce témy pomocníka.\n"
+"Skúste „help help“ alebo „man -k %s“ alebo „info %s“."
#: builtins/help.def:185
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa otvoriť: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné otvoriť: %s"
#: builtins/help.def:337
#, c-format
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "očakával sa výraz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: neplatná špecifikácia popisovača súboru"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: neplatný popisovač súboru: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: neplatný počet riadkov"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: neplatný začiatok poľa"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: neplatné kvantum spätného volania"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "názov prázdnej premennej poľa"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "vyžaduje sa podpora premennej poľa"
msgstr "index zásobníka adresárov"
#: builtins/pushd.def:683
-#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
" sa do zoznamu dostávajú príkazom „pushd“; zo zoznamu ich môžete\n"
" vyberať postupne príkazom „popd“.\n"
" \n"
-" Voľba -l určuje, že „dirs“ nemá vypisovať skrátené verzie adresárov\n"
-" relatívne vzhľadom na váš domovský adresár. To znamená, že\n"
-" „~/bin“ sa môže zobraziť ako „/homes/bfox/bin“. Voľba -v spôsobí,\n"
-" že „dirs“ vypíše zásobník adresárov vo formáte jedna položka na,\n"
-" riadok a pred adresár vypíše jej pozíciu v zásobníku. Voľba -p robí\n"
-" to sité, ale nepripája pozíciu v zásobníku.\n"
-" Voľba -c vyprázdni zásobník adresárov zmazaním všetkých položiek.\n"
-" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -c\tvyprázdni zásobník adresárov zmazaním všetkých položiek\n"
+" -l\tnevypisovať skrátené verzie adresárov relatívne vzhľadom\n"
+" \tna váš domovský adresár\n"
+" -p\tvypíše zásobník adresárov vo formáte jedna položka na riadok\n"
+" -v\tvypíše zásobník adresárov vo formáte jedna položka na riadok\n"
+" \ta pred ňu vypíše jej pozíciu na zásobníku\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
" +N\tzobrazuje N-tú položku počítajúc zľava zoznamu, ktorý zobrazuje\n"
" \tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou.\n"
" \n"
" \tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou."
#: builtins/pushd.def:705
-#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
" nový vrchol zásobníka sa stane aktuálnym pracovným adresárom.\n"
" Bez argumentov vymení vrchné dva adresáre.\n"
" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n\tPotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
+" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
" +N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc zľava zoznamu,\n"
" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
" \n"
" -N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc sprava zoznamu,\n"
" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
" \n"
-" -n\tpotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
-" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
-" \n"
-" adr\tpridá ADR na vrchol zásobníka adresárov, čím sa tento stane\n"
+" adr\tPridá ADR na vrchol zásobníka adresárov, čím sa tento stane\n"
" \tnovým aktuálnym pracovným adresárom.\n"
" \n"
-" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť príkazom „dirs“."
+" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť vstavaným príkazom „dirs“."
#: builtins/pushd.def:730
-#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
" vrchnú položku zo zásobníka a zmení adresár na adresár, ktorý\n"
" sa následne nachádza na vrchu zásobníka.\n"
" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n\tpotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
+" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
" +N\todstráni N-tú položku položku počítajúc zľava zoznamu,\n"
" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou. Napríklad: „popd +0“\n"
" \todstráni prvý adresár, „popd +1“ druhý.\n"
" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou. Napríklad: „popd -0“\n"
" \todstráni posledný adresár, „popd -1“ predposledný.\n"
" \n"
-" -n\tpotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
-" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
-" \n"
-" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť príkazom „dirs“."
+" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť vstavaným príkazom „dirs“."
#: builtins/read.def:248
#, c-format
#: builtins/ulimit.def:427
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa zistiť limit: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné zistiť limit: %s"
#: builtins/ulimit.def:453
msgid "limit"
#: builtins/ulimit.def:465 builtins/ulimit.def:765
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa zmeniť limit: %s"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné zmeniť limit: %s"
#: builtins/umask.def:118
msgid "octal number"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "nie je možné presmerovať štandardný vstup z /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: „%c“: neplatný formátovácí znak"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "chyba rúry"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: obmedzené: nie jemožné uviesť „/“ v názvoch príkazov"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: príkaz nenájdený"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: chybný interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
-msgstr "nie je možné duplokovať fd %d na fd %d"
+msgstr "nie je možné duplikovať fd %d na fd %d"
#: expr.c:241
msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
#: input.c:258
#, c-format
msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
-msgstr "nedá sa alokovať nový popisovač súboru pre vstup bashu z fd %d"
+msgstr "nie je možné alokovať nový popisovač súboru pre vstup bashu z fd %d"
#: input.c:266
#, c-format
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp rúra"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "pid %d získaný pomocou fork sa vyskytuje v bežiacej úlohe %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "mažem zastavenú úlohu %d so skupinou procesu %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: proces %5ld (%s) v the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) je stále označený ako živý"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: taký pid neexistuje"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signál %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Hotovo"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Zastavené"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Zastavené(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Beží"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Hotovo(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Ukončenie %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Neznámy stav"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(bol uložený výpis pamäte) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "setpgid detského procesu (%ld to %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld nie je dieťa tohto shellu"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Neexistuje záznam o procese %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: úloha %d je zastavená"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: úloha skončila"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: úloha %d už je v pozadí"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: riadok %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr " (bol uložený výpis pamäte)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd teraz: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: funkcia getpgrp zlyhala"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: riadkový systém"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "nie je možné nastaviť skupinu procesu terminálu (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "v tomto shelli nie je riadenie úloh"
#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
#, c-format
msgid "%s: bad network path specification"
-msgstr "%s: zlá špecifikácia sieťovej cesty"
+msgstr "%s: chybná špecifikácia sieťovej cesty"
#: lib/sh/netopen.c:346
msgid "network operations not supported"
#: mailcheck.c:433
msgid "You have mail in $_"
-msgstr "Máte poštu v $_"
+msgstr "Máte poštu v súbore $_"
#: mailcheck.c:458
msgid "You have new mail in $_"
-msgstr "Máte novú poštu v $_"
+msgstr "Máte novú poštu v súbore $_"
#: mailcheck.c:474
#, c-format
msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n"
-msgstr "Pošta v %s bola prečítaná\n"
+msgstr "Pošta v súbore %s bola prečítaná\n"
#: make_cmd.c:322
msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
#: make_cmd.c:324
msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
-msgstr "chyba syntaxe: neoÄ\8dakávaný â\80\9e;â\80\9c unexpected"
+msgstr "chyba syntaxe: neoÄ\8dakávaná â\80\9e;â\80\9c"
#: make_cmd.c:325
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "neočakávaný koniec súboru počas hľadania zodpovedajúceho „)“"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "dokončovanie: funkcia „%s“ nebola nájdená"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: chybný konektor `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: „%c“: neplatný formátovací znak"
#: redir.c:152
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file"
-msgstr "%s: nedá sa prepísať existujúci súbor"
+msgstr "%s: nie je možné prepísať existujúci súbor"
#: redir.c:157
#, c-format
#: redir.c:162
#, c-format
msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
-msgstr "nedá sa vytvoriť odkladací súbor pre here-document: %s"
+msgstr "nie je možné vytvoriť odkladací súbor pre here-document: %s"
#: redir.c:517
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
#: redir.c:1023
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
-msgstr "chyba presmerovania: nedá sa duplikovať fd"
+msgstr "chyba presmerovania: nie je možné duplikovať fd"
#: shell.c:328
msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
#: subst.c:4456 subst.c:4472
msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
-msgstr "nedá sa vytvoriť rúra pre substitúciu procesov"
+msgstr "nie je možné vytvoriť rúru pre substitúciu procesov"
#: subst.c:4504
msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
-msgstr "nedá sa vytvoriť dieťa pre substitúciu procesov"
+msgstr "nie je možné vytvoriť potomka pre substitúciu procesov"
#: subst.c:4549
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
-msgstr "nedá sa otvoriť pomenovaná rúra %s na čítanie"
+msgstr "nie je možné otvoriť pomenovanú rúru %s na čítanie"
#: subst.c:4551
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
-msgstr "nedá sa otvoriť pomenovaná rúra %s na zápis"
+msgstr "nie je možné otvoriť pomenovanú rúru %s na zápis"
#: subst.c:4569
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
-msgstr "nedá sa duplikovať pomenovaná rúra %s ako fd %d"
+msgstr "nie je možné duplikovať pomenovanú rúru %s ako fd %d"
#: subst.c:4765
msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
-msgstr "nedá sa vytvoriť rúra pre substitúciu príkazov"
+msgstr "nie je možné vytvoriť rúru pre substitúciu príkazov"
#: subst.c:4799
msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
-msgstr "nedá sa vytvoriť dieťa pre substitúciu príkazov"
+msgstr "nie je možné vytvoriť potomka pre substitúciu príkazov"
#: subst.c:4816
msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
-msgstr "command_substitute: nedá sa duplikovať rúra ako fd 1"
+msgstr "command_substitute: nie je možné duplikovať rúru ako fd 1"
#: subst.c:5318
#, c-format
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: nie je možné vykonať priradenie takýmto spôsobom"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "chybná substitúcia: : v reťazci %s chýba uzatvárajúci „`”"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "bez zhody: %s"
"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
"html>\n"
msgstr ""
-"Licencia GPLv3+: GNU GPL verzie 3 alebo novšia <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
+"Licencia GPLv3+: GNU GPL verzie 3 alebo novšia http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
+"html\n"
#: version.c:86
#, c-format
#: version.c:91
#, c-format
msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Toto je slobodný softvér; môžete ho slobodne meniť a šíriť.\n"
#: version.c:92
#, c-format
msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"
msgstr ""
+"Nie sú poskytované ŽIADNE ZÁRUKY v rozsahu aký povoľuje\n"
+"aplikovateľné právo.\n"
#: xmalloc.c:92
#, c-format
msgid "xmalloc: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr "xmalloc: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
+msgstr "xmalloc: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
#: xmalloc.c:94
#, c-format
msgid "xmalloc: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr "xmalloc: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov"
+msgstr "xmalloc: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov"
#: xmalloc.c:114
#, c-format
msgid "xrealloc: cannot reallocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr "xrealloc: nedá sa realokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
+msgstr "xrealloc: nie je možné realokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
#: xmalloc.c:116
#, c-format
msgid "xrealloc: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr "xrealloc: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov"
+msgstr "xrealloc: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov"
#: xmalloc.c:150
#, c-format
msgid "xmalloc: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr "xmalloc: %s:%d: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
+msgstr ""
+"xmalloc: %s:%d: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
#: xmalloc.c:152
#, c-format
msgid "xmalloc: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr "xmalloc: %s:%d: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov"
+msgstr "xmalloc: %s:%d: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov"
#: xmalloc.c:174
#, c-format
msgid "xrealloc: %s:%d: cannot reallocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
msgstr ""
-"xrealloc: %s:%d: nedá sa realokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
+"xrealloc: %s:%d: nie je možné realokovať %lu bajtov (%lu bajtov alokovaných)"
#: xmalloc.c:176
#, c-format
msgid "xrealloc: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: nedá sa alokovať %lu bajtov"
+msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: nie je možné alokovať %lu bajtov"
#: builtins.c:43
msgid "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]"
msgstr "until PRÍKAZY; do PRÍKAZY; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
"function názov_funkcie { PRÍKAZY ; } alebo názov_funkcie () { PRÍKAZY ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ PRÍKAZY ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "špec_úlohy [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( výraz ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ výraz ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "premenné - Názvy a významy niektorých premenných shellu"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | adr]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [názov_voľby ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] formát [argumenty]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"zoznam_slov] [-F funkcia] [-C príkaz] [-X vzor_filtra] [-P predpona] [-S "
"prípona] [názov ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"zoznam_slov] [-F funkcia] [-C príkaz] [-X vzor_filtra] [-P predpona] [-S "
"prípona] [slovo]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o voľba] [názov ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n počet] [-O začiatok] [-s počet] [-t] [-u fd] [-C spätné_volanie] "
"[-c kvantum] [pole]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n počet] [-O začiatok] [-s počet] [-t] [-u fd] [-C spätné_volanie] "
+"[-c kvantum] [pole]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
+msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable\n"
"been\n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
-"„alias“ bez argumentov alebo s voľbou -p vypíše na štandardný\n"
-" výstup zoznam aliasov v tvare NÁZOV=HODNOTA.\n"
-" Inak je alias definovaný pre každý NÁZOV, ktorého HODNOTA je zadaná.\n"
+"Definovať alebo zobraziť aliasy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bez argumentov vypíše všetky definované aliasy vo formáte, ktorý je\n"
+" možné znova použiť v tvare NÁZOV=HODNOTA na štandardný výstup.\n"
+" \n"
+" Inak definuje alias pre každý NÁZOV, ktorého HODNOTA je zadaná.\n"
" Medzera na konci HODNOTY spôsobí, že sa v ďalšom slove\n"
-" skontroluje substitúcia aliasu pri expanzii aliasu. Alias vracia\n"
-" true ak nie je zadaný NÁZOV, pre ktorý nebol definovaný žiadny alias."
+" skontroluje substitúcia aliasu pri expanzii aliasu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -p\tVypíše všetky definované aliasy vo formáte, ktorý je možné\n"
+" \tznova použiť\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti vždy pravdu ak nebol zadaný NÁZOV, pre ktorý nie je definovaný "
+"alias."
-#: builtins.c:272
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-"Odstráni NÁZVY zo zoznamu definovaných aliasov. Ak je uvedená voľba -a,\n"
-" odstráni všetky definície aliasov."
+"Odstrániť NÁZVY zo zoznamu definovaných aliasov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a\todstráni všetky definície aliasov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebol zadaný NÁZOV, pre ktorý nie je definovaný alias."
-#: builtins.c:285
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Naviaže sekvenciu klávesov na funkciu alebo makro Readline alebo\n"
+"Nastaviť klávesové väzby a premenné Readline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Naviaže sekvenciu klávesov na funkciu alebo makro Readline alebo\n"
" nastaviť premennú Readline. Syntax argumentu je rovnaká ako tá\n"
" v ~/.inputrc, ale musí sa podať ako jediný argument:\n"
" bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n"
-" bind akceptuje nasledovné voľby:\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
" -m klávmap Použije „klávmap“ ako mapu klávesov počas trvania\n"
" tohto príkazu. Prijateľné názvy klávesových máp sú\n"
" emacs emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi,\n"
" -P Vypíše názvy funkcií a väzby.\n"
" -p Vypíše názvy funkcií a väzby v tvare, ktorý je\n"
" možné znova použiť ako vstup.\n"
-" -r kláv_sek Odstráni väzbu pre kláv_sek.\n"
-" -x kláv_sek:príkaz_shellu\tSpôsobí vykonanie PRÍKAZU_SHELLU po\n"
-" \t\t\t\tzadaní KLÁV_SEK.\n"
-" -f súboru Načíta klávesové väzby z SÚBORU.\n"
-" -q názov-funkcie Zistí, ktoré klávesy vyvolávajú túto funkciu.\n"
-" -u názov-funkcie Zruší väzby všetkých kláves naviazaných na túto "
-"funkciu.\n"
+" -S Vypíše klávesové sekvencie, ktoré vyvolávajú makrá "
+"a\n"
+" ich hodnoty\n"
+" -s Vypíše klávesové sekvencie, ktoré vyvolávajú makrá "
+"a\n"
+" ich hodnoty\n"
+" v tvare, ktorý je možné znova použiť ako vstup.\n"
" -V Vypíše názvy premenných a hodnoty\n"
" -v Vypíše názvy premenných a hodnoty v tvare, ktorý "
"je\n"
+" -q názov-funkcie Zistí, ktoré klávesy vyvolávajú túto funkciu.\n"
+" -u názov-funkcie Zruší väzby všetkých kláves naviazaných na túto "
+"funkciu\n"
" možné znova použiť ako vstup.\n"
-" -S Vypíše klávesové sekvencie, ktoré vyvolávajú makrá "
-"a ich hodnoty\n"
-" -s Vypíše klávesové sekvencie, ktoré vyvolávajú makrá "
-"a ich hodnoty\n"
-" v tvare, ktorý je možné znova použiť ako vstup."
+" -r kláv_sek Odstráni väzbu pre kláv_sek.\n"
+" -f súboru Načíta klávesové väzby z SÚBORU.\n"
+" -x kláv_sek:príkaz_shellu\tSpôsobí vykonanie PRÍKAZU_SHELLU po\n"
+" \t\t\t\tzadaní KLÁV_SEK.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Ukončiť cyklus FOR, WHILE alebo UNTIL. Ak je zadané N, ukončiť N\n"
" nadradených vnorených cyklov.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
-" Návratový kód je 0 ak N nie je väčšie alebo rovné 1."
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota je 0 ak N nie je väčšie alebo rovné 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-"Pokračuje v nasledujúcej iterácii cyklu FOR, WHILE alebo UNTIL.\n"
-"Ak je uvedené N, pokračovať v ďalšej iterácii cyklu o N úrovní vyššej."
+"Pokračovať v cykle for, while alebo until\n"
+" \n"
+" Pokračuje v nasledujúcej iterácii cyklu FOR, WHILE alebo UNTIL.\n"
+" Ak je uvedené N, pokračovať v ďalšej iterácii cyklu o N úrovní vyššej.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak N nie je väčšie alebo rovné 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
"volať\n"
" v rámci vašej funkcie.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vracia návratový kód vstavanej funkcie shellu alebo 0 ak argument nie "
"je\n"
" vstavaná funkcia shellu."
-#: builtins.c:361
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-"Vracia kontext aktuálneho volania podprocedúry.\n"
-"\n"
+"Vrátiť kontext aktuálneho volania podprocedúry.\n"
+" \n"
" Bez VÝR, vráti „$line $filename“. S VÝR,\n"
" vráti „$line $subroutine $filename“; túto informáciu\n"
-" je možné využiť pre trasovanie zásobníka. \n"
+" je možné využiť pre trasovanie zásobníka.\n"
+" \n"
" Hodnota VÝR určuje o koľko rámcov volania sa vrátiť\n"
-" pred aktuálny; najvyšší rámec má číslo 0."
+" pred aktuálny; najvyšší rámec má číslo 0.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak shell nevykonáva funkciu shellu a EXPR nie je neplatný."
-#: builtins.c:379
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-"Zmení aktuálny adresár na ADR. Premenná $HOME je štandardný\n"
-" ADR. Premenná CDPATH definuje cesty, v ktorých sa hľadá adresár\n"
-" obsahujúci ADR. Alternatívne názvy adresárov vCDPATH sú\n"
-" oddelené dvojbodkou (:). Prázdny (null) názov adresára zodpovedá\n"
-" aktuálnemu adresáru, t.j. „.“. Ak ADR začína lomkou (/), CDPATH\n"
-" sa nepoužije. Ak adresár nebol nájdený a je nastavená voľba shellu\n"
-" „cdable_vars“ skúste toto slovo ako názov premennej. Ak táto\n"
-" premenná má hodnotu, vykoná cd na hodnotu premennej.\n"
-" Voľba -P vraví, že sa má použiť fyzická štruktúra adresárov a nie\n"
-" nasledovať symbolické odkazy; voľba -L vynúti nasledovanie\n"
-" symbolických odkazov."
-
-#: builtins.c:407
+"Zmeniť aktuálny adresár.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zmení aktuálny adresár na ADR. Premenná $HOME je štandardný ADR.\n"
+" \n"
+" Premenná CDPATH definuje cesty, v ktorých sa hľadá adresár obsahujúci "
+"ADR.\n"
+" Alternatívne názvy adresárov v CDPATH sú oddelené dvojbodkou (:).\n"
+" Prázdny (null) názov adresára zodpovedá aktuálnemu adresáru, t.j. „.“.\n"
+" Ak ADR začína lomkou (/), CDPATH sa nepoužije.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak adresár nebol nájdený a je nastavená voľba shellu „cdable_vars“,\n"
+" predpokladá sa, že toto slovo je názov premennej.\n"
+" Ak táto premenná má hodnotu, vykoná cd na hodnotu premennej.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -L\tvynúti nasledovanie symbolických odkazov\n"
+" -P\tpoužije sa fyzická štruktúra adresárov a nie nasledovať\n"
+" \t\tsymbolické odkazy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Štandardne sa budú nasledovať symbolické odkazy ako keby bola\n"
+" zadaná voľba „-L“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak bol aktuálny adresár zmenený, inak nenulovú hodnotu."
+
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Štandardne sa „pwd“ správa ako keby bolo uvedené „-L“.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vracia 0 ak nie je zadaná neplatná voľba alebo nie je možné\n"
" prečítať aktuálny adresár."
-#: builtins.c:424
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
-msgstr "Bez účinku; príkaz nič nerobí. Vráti návratový kód nula."
+msgstr ""
+"Prázdny príkaz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bez účinku; príkaz nič nerobí.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vždy vráti pravda."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Vráti úspešný výsledok\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vždy vráti 0."
-#: builtins.c:444
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always fails."
-msgstr "Vráti neúspešný výsledok."
+msgstr ""
+"Prázdny príkaz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vráti neúspešný výsledok.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vždy vráti nepravda."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
+"Vykonať jednoduchý príkaz alebo zobraziť informácie o príkazoch.\n"
+" \n"
+" Spustí PRÍKAZ s ARG potlačiac vyhľadanie funkcie shellu alebo\n"
+" zobrazí informácie o uvedených PRÍKAZoch. Možno použiť na\n"
+" vyvolanie externých príkazov ak existuje funkcia s rovnakým názvom.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -p\tpoužiť štandardnú hodnotu PATH, ktorá zaručene nájde všetky\n"
+" \t\tštandardné nástroje\n"
+" -v\tvypísať popis PRÍKAZu podobný zabudovanému príkazu „type“\n"
+" -v\tvypísať podrobnejší popis každého PRÍKAZu\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu PRÍKAZu alebo zlyhá ak nenájde PRÍKAZ."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Nastaviť hodnoty a atribúty premennných.\n"
+" \n"
+" Deklaruje premenné a ich atribúty. Ak nie sú zadané NÁZVY,\n"
+" zobrazí atribúty a hodnoty všetkých premenných.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -f\tobmedzí operáciu alebo výpis na názvy funkcií a definície\n"
+" -F\tobmedzí výpis iba na názvy funkcií (plus číslo riadka a\n"
+" \t\tzdrojový súbor pri ladení)\n"
+" -p\tzobrazí atribúty a hodnotu každého NÁZVU\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby, ktoré nastavujú atribúty:\n"
+" -a\turobí z NÁZVU indexované polia (ak sú podporované)\n"
+" -A\turobí z NÁZVOV asociatívne polia (ak sú podporované)\n"
+" -i\tdá NÁZVU atribút „celé číslo“\n"
+" -l\tprevedie NÁZVY pri priradení na malé písmená\n"
+" -r\tnastaví NÁZVY iba na čítanie\n"
+" -t\tdá NÁZVU atribút „trace“\n"
+" -u\tprevedie NÁZVY pri priradení na veľké písmená\n"
+" -x\tprevedie NÁZVY na export\n"
+" \n"
+" Pomocou „+“ namiesto „-“ vypnete uvedený atribút.\n"
+" \n"
+" Premenné s atribútom „celé číslo“ vykonávajú aritmetické vyhodnocovanie\n"
+" (pozri príkaz „let“), keď je im priradená hodnota.\n"
+" \n"
+" Keď sa „declare“ použije vo funkcii, NÁZVY budú lokálne ako pri príkaze\n"
+" „local“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
+"Nastaviť hodnoty a atribúty premenných.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zastaralé. Pozri „help declare“."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
+"Definovať lokálne premenné.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vytvorí lokálnu premennú s názvom NÁZOV a priradí jej HODNOTU.\n"
+" VOĽBA je ľubovoľná voľba, ktorú prijme „declare“\n"
+" \n"
+" Lokálne premenné možno použiť iba v rámci funkcie; sú viditeľné\n"
+" iba v rámci funkcie, kde sú definované a v jej potomkoch.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba, nevyskytla sa chyba a\n"
+" shell práve nevykonáva funkciu."
-#: builtins.c:533
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Vypíše ARGumenty. S voľbou -n bude posledný znak nového\n"
-" riadka potlačený. S voľbou -e sa zapne interpretácia\n"
-" nasledovných znakov začínajúcich spätnou lomkou:\n"
+"Vypísať argumenty na štandardný výstup.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vypíše ARGumenty na štandardný výstup ukončené znakom\n"
+" nového riadka.\n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n\tpotlačí znak nového riadka na konci.\n"
+" -e\tzapne interpretáciu nasledovných únikových klauzúl\n"
+" -E\tvypne interpretáciu nasledovných únikových klauzúl\n"
+" \n"
+" „echo“ interpretuje nasledovné únikové klauzuly:\n"
" \t\\a\tvýstraha (zvonček)\n"
" \t\\b\tbackspace\n"
" \t\\c\tptlačiť posledný znak nového riadka\n"
-" \t\\E\tvykonať escape znaku\n"
+" \t\\e\tescape znaku\n"
" \t\\f\tform feed\n"
" \t\\n\tnový riadok\n"
" \t\\r\tnávrat vozíka\n"
" \t\\\\\tspätná lomka\n"
" \t\\0nnn\tznak s ASCII kódom NNN (osmičkový). NNN môže mať\n"
" \t\t0 až 3 osmičkové číslice\n"
+" \\xHH\tosembitový znak, ktorého hodnota je HH (hexadecimálne).\n"
+" \tHH môže mať jednu alebo dve hexadecimálne číslice.\n"
" \n"
-" Voľbou -E môžete explicitne vypnuť interpretáciu vyššie \n"
-" uvedených znakov."
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nevyskytla sa chyba pri zápise."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Vypísať argumenty na štandardný výstup.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vypíše ARGumenty na štandardný výstup ukončené znakom\n"
+" nového riadka.\n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n\tpotlačí znak nového riadka na konci.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nevyskytla sa chyba pri zápise."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Zapnúť a vypnúť vstavané funkcie shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zapína a vypína vstavané funkcie shellu. Vypnutie vám umožní\n"
+" vykonať externý príkaz s rovnakým názvom ako vstavaná funkcia\n"
+" shellu bez toho, aby ste museli použiť úplnú cestu k nemu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a\tvypíše zoznam vstavaných funkcií a zobrazí pi každej\n"
+" \tči je zapnutá\n"
+" -n\tvypne každý NÁZOV alebo zobrazí zoznam vypnutých\n"
+" \tvstavaných funkcií\n"
+" -p\tvypíše zoznam vstavaných funkcií v tvare, ktorý je\n"
+" \tmožné znova použiť ako vstup\n"
+" -s\tvypísať iba názvy Posixových „špeciálnych“\n"
+" \tvstavaných funkcií\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby riadiace dynamické načítanie:\n"
+" -f\tNačítať vstavanú funkciu NÁZOV zo zdieľaného objektu SÚBOR\n"
+" -d\todstrániť vstavanú funkciu načítanú voľbou -f\n"
+" \n"
+" Bez volieb zapne každý NÁZOV.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak chcete použiť „test“, ktorý sa nachádza v ceste $PATH namiesto\n"
+" vstavanej funkcie shellu, napíšte „enable -n test“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak NÁZOV nie je vstavaná funkcia shellu a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
+"Vykonať argumenty ako príkaz shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Skombinovať ARGumenty do jediného reťazca a použiť výsledok\n"
+" ako vstup shellu a vykonať tieto príkazy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu príkazu alebo 0 ak je príkaz prázdny."
-#: builtins.c:622
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Getopts používajú procedúry shellu na analýzu pozičných parametrov.\n"
+"Syntaktická analýza volieb.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts používajú procedúry shellu na analýzu pozičných parametrov.\n"
" \n"
" OPTSTRING obsahuje písmená volieb, ktoré pozná; ak po písmene\n"
" nasleduje dvojbodka, po voľbe sa očakáva argument, ktorý by mal\n"
" OPTERR má štandardne hodnotu 1.\n"
" \n"
" Getopts normálne spracúva pozičné parametre ($0 - $9), ale ak je\n"
-" zadaných viac argumentov, spracuje tieto."
+" zadaných viac argumentov, spracuje tieto.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak je voľba nájdená; zlyhá po dosiahnutí konca reťazca volieb\n"
+" alebo ak sa vyskytne chyba."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
"occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Nahradiť shell zadaným príkazom.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vykonať PRÍKAZ, pričom sa nahradí tento shell určeným programom.\n"
+" ARGUMENTy dostane PRÍKAZ ako argumenty. Ak nie je zadaný PRÍKAZ,\n"
+" všetky presmerovania sa uskutočnia v aktuálnom shelli.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a názov\tpošle NÁZOV ako nultý argument PRÍKAZU\n"
+" -c\tvykoná PRÍKAZ s prázdnym prostredím\n"
+" -l\tdá pomlčku na nultý argument PRÍKAZu\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak príkaz nemožno vykonať, neinteraktívny shell sa ukončí ak nie je\n"
+" nastavená voľba shellu „execfail“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestane, že PRÍKAZ nebol nájdený a nevyskytne sa chyba\n"
+" presmerovania."
-#: builtins.c:685
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Ukončiť shell so stavom N. Ak sa N vynechá, stav sa nastaví\n"
-" podľa stavu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
+"Ukončiť shell\n"
+" \n"
+" Ukončí shell s návratovou hodnotou N. Ak sa N vynechá, návratová\n"
+" hodnota sa nastaví podľa stavu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
"executed\n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
+"Ukončiť login shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ukončí login shell s návratovou hodnotou N. Vráti chybu ak nie je\n"
+" spustený v login shelli."
-#: builtins.c:704
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-"fc sa používa na vypísanie alebo úpravu a opätovné vykonanie príkazov.\n"
-" z histórie\n"
+"Zobraziť alebo vykonať príkazy z histórie.\n"
+" \n"
+" fc sa používa na vypísanie alebo úpravu a opätovné vykonanie príkazov.\n"
+" z histórie.\n"
" PRVÝ a POSLEDNÝ môžu byť čísla udávajúce rozsah alebo PRVÝ môže byť\n"
" reťazec, ktorý znamená najnedávnejší príkaz začínajúci týmto reťazcom.\n"
" \n"
-" -e ENAME zvolí editor, ktorý sa má použiť. Štandardne je to FCEDIT, "
-"potom EDITOR,\n"
-" potom vi.\n"
+" -e ENAME zvolí editor, ktorý sa má použiť. Štandardne je to FCEDIT,\n"
+" \t\tpotom EDITOR, potom vi.\n"
" \n"
" -l znamená vypísať riadky namiesto úpravy.\n"
" -n znamená nevypisovať čísla riadkov.\n"
-" -r znamená obrátiť poradie riadkov (najnovšie budú vypísané prvé).\n"
+" -r znamená obrátiť poradie riadkov (najnovšie budú vypísané prvé).\n"
" \n"
" S formátom „fc -s [pat=rep ...] [príkaz]“ sa znova vykoná uvedený\n"
" príkaz po vykonaní náhrady OLD=NEW.\n"
"napísaním\n"
" „r cc“ spustíte posledný príkaz začínajúci „cc“ a napísaním „r“ "
"opätovne\n"
-" vykonáte posledný príkaz."
+" vykonáte posledný príkaz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 alebo stav vykonaného príkazu; nenulovú hodnotu ak sa vyskytne\n"
+" chyba."
-#: builtins.c:734
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Dá JOB_SPEC do popredia a urobí ju aktuálnou úlohou. Ak JOB_SPEC\n"
-" nie je prítomná, použije sa aktuálna úloha shellu."
+"Presunúť úlohu do popredia.\n"
+" \n"
+" Umiestni JOB_SPEC do popredia a urobí ju aktuálnou úlohou. Ak JOB_SPEC\n"
+" nie je prítomná, použije sa aktuálna úloha shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Stav príkazu umiestneného do popredia; nenulovú hodnotu ak sa vyskytne\n"
+" chyba."
-#: builtins.c:749
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Dá každú JOB_SPEC do pozadia, ako keby bola spustená s „&“. Ak\n"
-" JOB_SPEC nie je prítomná, použije sa aktuálna úloha shellu."
+"Presunúť úlohu do popredia.\n"
+" \n"
+" Umiestni každú JOB_SPEC do pozadia, ako keby bola spustená s „&“. Ak\n"
+" JOB_SPEC nie je prítomná, použije sa aktuálna úloha shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nie je riadenie úloh vypnuté a nevyskytne sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:788
+"Vyvolať alebo zobraziť umiestnenia programu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Určiť a zapamätať si úplnú cestu ku každému PRÍKAZu. Ak nie sú\n"
+" uvedené žiadne argumenty, zobrazia sa informácie o zapamätaných\n"
+" príkazoch.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -d\tzabudnúť zapamätanné umiestnenia každého NÁZVU\n"
+" -l\tzobraziť vo formáte, ktoré je možné znova použiť ako \t"
+"\tvstup\n"
+" -p cesta\tpoužiť CESTU ako plnú cestu k NÁZVU\n"
+" -r\tzabudnúť všetky zapamätané umiestnenia\n"
+" -t\tvypísať zapamätané umiestnenia každého NÁZVU, pred\n"
+" \tne vypísať zodpovedajúci NÁZOV ak sú zadané viaceré\n"
+" \tNÁZVY\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" NÁZOV\tKaždý NÁZOV sa vyhľadá v $PATH a pridá\n"
+" \t\tsa do zoznnamu zapamätaných príkazov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že NÁZOV nebol nájdený a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
+
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
"given."
msgstr ""
+"Zobraziť informácie o vstavaných príkazoch.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zobrazí stručné zhrnutia vstavaných príkazov. Ak je zadaný VZOR,\n"
+" uvedie podrobnosti o všetkých príkazoch zodpovedajúcich VZORu,\n"
+" inak vypíše zoznam tém pomocníka.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -d\tvypíše krátky popis každej z tém\n"
+" -m\tvypíše použitie vo formáte podobnom manuálovej stránke\n"
+" -s\tvypíše iba krátku syntax použitia každej z tém zodpovedajúcich\n"
+" \tVZORu\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" VZOR\tVzor určujúci tému pomocníka\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že VZOR nebol nájdený a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:812
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Zobrazí históriu s číslami riadkov. Riadky s „*“ boli zmenené.\n"
-" Argument N znamená zobraziť iba posledných N riadkov. Voľba\n"
-" „-c“ spôsobí vyčistenie histórie vymazaním všetkých jej položiek.\n"
-" Voľba „-d“ zmaže položku histórie na ofsete OFSET. Voľba „-w“\n"
-" vypíše aktuálnu históriu do súbora histórie; „-r“ znamená prečítať\n"
-" súbor a pridať jeho obsah do zoznamu histórie. „-a“ znamená\n"
-" pridať riadky histórie z aktuálnej relácie do súbory s históriou.\n"
-" Argument „-n“ znamená prečítať všetky zatiaľ neprečítané riadky\n"
-" zo súboru histórie a pridať ich do zoznamu histórie.\n"
-" \n"
-" If FILENAME is given, then that is used as the history file else\n"
-" if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n"
-" If the -s option is supplied, the non-option ARGs are appended to\n"
-" the history list as a single entry. The -p option means to perform\n"
-" history expansion on each ARG and display the result, without storing\n"
-" anything in the history list.\n"
+"Zobraziť alebo zmeniť históriu.\n"
" \n"
-" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
-" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
-" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise."
+" Zobrazí históriu s číslami riadkov. Riadky s „*“ boli zmenené.\n"
+" Argument N znamená zobraziť iba posledných N riadkov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -c\tvyčistenie histórie vymazaním všetkých jej položiek.\n"
+" -d\tzmaže položku histórie na pozícii OFSET\n"
+" \n"
+" -a\tpridať riadky histórie z aktuálnej relácie do súbory s históriou.\n"
+" -n\tprečítať všetky zatiaľ neprečítané riadky\n"
+" -r\tprečítať súbor a pridať jeho obsah do zoznamu histórie\n"
+" \tzo súboru histórie a pridať ich do zoznamu histórie.\n"
+" -w\tvypíše aktuálnu históriu do súboru histórie.\n"
+" \n"
+" -p\tvykoná expanziu histórie každého ARG a zobrazí výsledok\n"
+" \tbez toho aby ukladal čokoľvek do histórie.\n"
+" -s\tpridá ARG, ktoré nie sú voľbami do histórie ako jednu položku.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak je uvedený SÚBOR, použije sa ako súbor histórie, inak sa použije\n"
+" $HISTFILE ak má nastavenú hodnotu, inak ~/.bash_history.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak je premenná $HISTTIMEFORMAT nastavená a neprázdna, jej hodnota\n"
+" sa použije ako formátovací reťazec strftime(3) na tlač príslušných\n"
+" časových známok zobrazených pri každej položke histórie.\n"
+" V opačnom prípade sa nebudú tlačiť časové známky.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:848
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-"Vypíše aktívne úlohy. Voľba „-l“ vypíše naviac aj ID procesov.\n"
-" Voľba „-p“ vypíše iba ID procesov. Ak je uvedená voľba „-n“,\n"
-" vypíšu sa iba procesy, ktorých stav sa zmenil od poslednej kontroly.\n"
-" JOBSPEC vypíše iba úlohu s daným JOBSPEC. Voľby „-r“ a „-s“\n"
-" obmedzia výstup iba na bežiace a zastavené úlohy. Bez volieb sa\n"
-" vypíše stav všetkých aktívnych úloh. S voľbou „-x“ sa spustí PRÍKAZ\n"
-" po tom, ako každá zo špecifikácií úloh, ktoré sú uvedené v ARGS,\n"
-" boli nahradené ID procesu lídra skupiny procesov danej úlohy."
-
-#: builtins.c:875
+"Zobraziť stav úloh.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vypíše aktívne úlohy. JOBSPEC vypíše iba úlohu s daným JOBSPEC.\n"
+" Bez volieb sa vypíše stav všetkých aktívnych úloh.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -l\tvypíše okrem bežných informácií aj ID procesov\n"
+" -n\tvypíše iba procesy, ktorých stav sa zmenil od poslednej kontroly.\n"
+" -p\tvypíše iba ID procesov\n"
+" -r\tobmedzí výstup iba na bežiace úlohy\n"
+" -s\tobmedzí výstup iba na zastavené úlohy\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak je zadaná voľba „-x“ PRÍKAZ sa spustí po tom, ako každá\n"
+" zo špecifikácií úloh, ktoré sú uvedené v ARGS, boli nahradené\n"
+" ID procesu lídra skupiny procesov danej úlohy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba.\n"
+" Ak je použitá voľba -x, vráti sa návratová hodnota PRÍKAZu."
+
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
+"Odstrániť úlohy z aktuálneho shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Odstráni každý argument JOBSPEC z tabuľky aktívnych úloh. Bez uvedenia\n"
+" akýchkoľvek JOBSPEC, shell použije svoj pojem aktuálnej úlohy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a\todstráni všetky úlohy ak nie sú uvedené JOBSPEC\n"
+" -h\toznačí každú JOBSPEC tak, že sa jej nepošle SIGHUP ak shell\n"
+" \t\tdostane SIGHUP\n"
+" -r\todstráni iba bežiace úlohy\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná JOBSPEC."
-#: builtins.c:894
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Pošle procesom s uvedeným PID (alebo JOBSPEC) signál SIGSPEC. Ak\n"
-" nie je SIGSPEC uvedená, predpokladá sa SIGTERM. Argument „-l“\n"
-" vypíše názvy signálov; ak sú argumenty uvedené po „-l“, predpokladá\n"
-" sa, že sú to čísla signálov ktorých názvy sa majú zobraziť. Kill je\n"
-" vstavaný (builtin) príkaz shellu z dvoch dôvodov: umožňuje použitie\n"
-" ID úlohy okrem ID procesu a ak dosiahnete limi tprocesov, ktoré\n"
-" môžete vytvoriť, nemusíte spúšťať proces na ukončenie iného."
-
-#: builtins.c:917
-#, fuzzy
+"Poslať úlohe signál.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pošle procesom s uvedeným PID (alebo JOBSPEC) signál SIGSPEC. Ak\n"
+" nie je SIGSPEC uvedená, predpokladá sa SIGTERM.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -s sig\tSIG je názov signálu\n"
+" -n sig\tSIG je číslo signálu\n"
+" -l\tvypíše názvy signálov; ak sú argumenty uvedené po „-l“,\n"
+" \tpredpokladá sa, že sú to čísla signálov ktorých názvy sa majú\n"
+" \tzobraziť.\n"
+" \n"
+" Kill je vstavaný (builtin) príkaz shellu z dvoch dôvodov: umožňuje\n"
+" použitie ID úlohy okrem ID procesu a ak dosiahnete limit procesov, \n"
+" ktoré môžete vytvoriť, nemusíte spúšťať proces na ukončenie iného.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
+
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-"Každý ARG je aritmetický výraz, ktorý sa má vyhodnotiť. Vyhodnocuje\n"
+"Vyhodnotiť aritmetické výrazy.\n"
+" \n"
+" Každý ARG je aritmetický výraz, ktorý sa má vyhodnotiť. Vyhodnocuje\n"
" sa v celých číslach bez kontroly pretečenia, hoci delenie nulou sa\n"
" detekuje a označí ako chyba. Nasledujúci zoznam operátorov je\n"
" zoskupený do úrovní s rovnakou precedenciou operátorov.\n"
" v zátvorkách sa vyhodnocujú ako prvé a majú prednosť pred\n"
" hore uvedenými pravidlami precedencie.\n"
" \n"
-" Ak sa posledný ARG vuhodnotí na 0, let vráti 1; 0 inak sa vráti 0."
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Ak sa posledný ARG vyhodnotí na 0, let vráti 1; 0 inak sa vráti 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
"out,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-"Zo štandardného vstupu alebo, ak je daná voľba -u, z popisovača FD\n"
-" sa načíta jeden riadok a prvé slovo sa priradí prvému NÁZVU, druhé\n"
+"Načítať riadok zo štandardného vstupu a rozdeliť ho do polí.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zo štandardného vstupu sa načíta jeden riadok. Riadok sa rozdelí do\n"
+" polí ako pri delení na slová a prvé slovo sa priradí prvému NÁZVU, "
+"druhé\n"
" slovo druhému NÁZVU atď. až zvyšné slová sa priradia poslednému\n"
" NÁZVU. Iba znaky, ktoré sa nachádzajú v $IFS sa považujú za\n"
-" oddeľovače slov. Ak nie sú uvedené žiadne NÁZVY, načítaný riadok sa\n"
-" uloží do premennej REPLY. Ak je zadaná voľba -r, značí to "
-"„nespracovaný“\n"
-" vstup a zápis únikových klauzúl pomocou spätnej lomky je vypnutý. Voľba\n"
-" -d spôsobí pokračovanie čítania až kým sa nevyskytne prvý znak znak "
-"DELIM\n"
-" namiesto znaku nového riadka. Ak je zadaná voľba -p, pred pokusom o\n"
-" čítanie sa vypíše reťazec PROMPT bez koncového znaku nového riadka.\n"
-" Ak je zadaná voľba -a a shell je interaktívny, všetky načítané slová sa\n"
-" priradia postupne indexom poľa ARRAY, počínajúc nulou. Ak je zadaná\n"
-" voľba -e a shell je interaktívny, na načítanie riadka sa použije "
-"readline.\n"
-" Ak je zadaná voľba -n s nenulovým argumentom NCHARS, čítanie vstupu\n"
-" skončí po načítaní NCHARS znakov. Voľba -s spôsobí, že sa vstup "
-"načítaný\n"
-" z terminálu nebude vypisovať.\n"
-" \n"
-" Voľba -t spôsobí ukončenie čítania po vypršaní časového intervalu a ak "
-"sa do\n"
-" intervalu nenačíta úplný riadok vstupu, vráti chybu. Ak je nastavená "
-"premenná\n"
-" TMOUT, jej hodnota je štandardný interval expirácie. Návratová hodnota "
-"je\n"
-" nula ak sa nenarazí na znak konca súboru, čítanie nevyprší alebo sa "
-"ako argument voľby -u nezadá neplatný popisovač súboru."
-
-#: builtins.c:1002
+" oddeľovače slov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak nie sú uvedené žiadne NÁZVY, načítaný riadok sa uloží do premennej\n"
+" REPLY.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a pole\tvšetky načítané slová sa priradia postupne indexom poľa POLE, "
+"počínajúc nulou.\n"
+" -d\tpokračovanie čítania až kým sa nevyskytne prvý znak znak DELIM\n"
+" namiesto znaku nového riadka.\n"
+" -e a shell je interaktívny, na načítanie riadka sa použije readline.\n"
+" -n znakov\tčítanie vstupu skončí po načítaní ZNAKOV znakov.\n"
+" -p\tvýzva\tpred pokusom o čítanie vypíše reťazec VÝZVA bez koncového\n"
+" \tznaku nového riadka.\n"
+" -r\tzápis únikových klauzúl pomocou spätnej lomky je vypnutý.\n"
+" -s\tvstup načítaný z terminálu nebude vypisovať (echo).\n"
+" \n"
+" -t interval\tukončenie čítania po vypršaní časového INTERVALu a ak\n"
+" \tsa do intervalu nenačíta úplný riadok vstupu, vráti chybu. Ak je\n"
+" \tnastavená premenná TMOUT, jej hodnota je štandardný interval\n"
+" \texpirácie. TMOUT môže byť zlomok. Návratová hodnota je\n"
+" \tväčšia ako 128 aj sa prekročí INTERVAL.\n"
+" -u fd\tnamiesto štandardného vstupu čítať z popisovača súboru FD.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nenarazí pri čítaní nakoniec súboru, nevyprší čas na\n"
+" čítanie a ako argument -u nebol je zadaný neplatný popisovač."
+
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
+"Návrat z funkcie shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Spôsobí ukončenie funkcie alebo skriptu vyvolaného pomocou source\n"
+" s návratovou hodnotou N. Ak sa N vynechá, návratovou hodnotu je\n"
+" návratová hodnota posledného vykonaného príkazu v tejto funkcii či\n"
+" skripte.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti N alebo zlyhá ak shell nevykonáva funkciu či skript."
-#: builtins.c:1015
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-" -a Označí premenné, ktoré sú zmenené alebo vytvorené na export.\n"
-" -b Okamžite oznámi ukončenie úlohy.\n"
-" -e Okamžite sa ukončí, keď sa príkaz ukončí s nenulovou návratovou "
-"hodnotou.\n"
-" -f Vypnúť tvorbu názvov súborov (globbing).\n"
-" -h Pamätať si, kde sú umiestnené príkazy po ich vyhľadaní.\n"
-" -k Všetky argumenty priradenia sa odovzdávajú do prostredia\n"
-" príkazu, nie len tie, ktoré predchádzajú názvy príkazu.\n"
-" -m Riadenie úloh je zapnuté.\n"
-" -n Načítať príkazy, ale nevykonávať ich.\n"
-" -o názov-voľby\n"
+"Nastaviť alebo zrušiť nastavenie volieb shellu a pozičných parametrov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zmení hodnotu atribútov shellu a pozičných parametrov alebo zobrazí\n"
+" názvy a hodnoty premenných shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a Označí premenné, ktoré sú zmenené alebo vytvorené na export.\n"
+" -b Okamžite oznámi ukončenie úlohy.\n"
+" -e Okamžite sa ukončí, keď sa príkaz ukončí s nenulovou návratovou\n"
+" hodnotou.\n"
+" -f Vypnúť tvorbu názvov súborov (globbing).\n"
+" -h Pamätať si, kde sú umiestnené príkazy po ich vyhľadaní.\n"
+" -k Všetky argumenty priradenia sa odovzdávajú do prostredia\n"
+" príkazu, nie len tie, ktoré predchádzajú názvy príkazu.\n"
+" -m Riadenie úloh je zapnuté.\n"
+" -n Načítať príkazy, ale nevykonávať ich.\n"
+" -o názov-voľby\n"
" Nastaví premennú zodpovedajúcu názvu-voľby:\n"
" allexport rovnaké ako -a\n"
" braceexpand rovnaké ako -B\n"
-" emacs použiť rozhranie na úpravu príkazového riadka v "
-"štýle emacs\n"
+" emacs použiť rozhranie na úpravu príkazového riadka\n"
+" v štýle emacs\n"
" errexit rovnaké ako -e\n"
" errtrace rovnaké ako -E\n"
" functrace rovnaké ako -T\n"
" onecmd rovnaké ako -t\n"
" physical rovnaké ako -P\n"
" pipefail návratová hodnota postupnosti rúr je hodnota\n"
-" posledného príkazu, ktorý skončil s nenulovou "
-"hodnotou,\n"
-" alebo nula ak žiadny príkaz nevrátil nenulovú "
-"hodnotu\n"
+" posledného príkazu, ktorý skončil s nenulovou\n"
+" hodnotou, alebo nula ak žiadny príkaz nevrátil\n"
+" nenulovú hodnotu\n"
" posix zmeniť správanie bash, kde sa štandardné "
"správanie\n"
" líši od štandardu 1003.2 tak, aby mu "
"zodpovedalo\n"
" privileged rovnaké ako -p\n"
" verbose rovnaké ako -v\n"
-" vi použiť rozhranie na úpravu príkazového riadka v "
-"štýle vi\n"
+" vi použiť rozhranie na úpravu príkazového riadka\n"
+" v štýle vi\n"
" xtrace rovnaké ako -x\n"
-" -p Zapnuté vždy, keď sa skutočné a účinné ID používateľa "
-"nezhoduje.\n"
-" Vypína spracúvanie súboru $ENV a importovanie funkcií shellu.\n"
-" Vypnutie tejto voľby spôsobí, že účinný UID a GID sa nastavia\n"
-" na skutočný UID a GID.\n"
-" -t Ukončiť po načítaní a vykonaní jedného príkazu.\n"
-" -u Považovať nenastavené premenné za chybu pri substitúcii.\n"
-" -v Vypisovať vstupné riadky shellu postupne ako sa načítavajú.\n"
-" -x Vypisovať príkazy a ich argumenty postupne ako sa načítavajú.\n"
-" -B shell bude vykonávať expanziu zložených zátvoriek\n"
-" -C Ak je voľba nastavená, zamedzí prepísaniu existujúcich súborov\n"
-" persmerovaním výstupu.\n"
-" -E Ak je voľba nastavená, zachytenie ERR zdedia funkcie shellu.\n"
-" -H Zapne substitúciu príkazov z histórie pomocou znaku !. Tento\n"
-" prepínač je štandardne zapnutý, keď je shell interaktívny.\n"
-" -P Ak je voľba nastavená, nenasledovať symbolické odkazy pri\n"
-" vykonávaní príkazov ako cd, ktoré menia aktuálny adresár.\n"
-" -T Ak je voľba nastavená, zachytenie DEBUG zdedia funkcie shellu.\n"
-" - Odovzdať všetky zostávajúce argumenty pozičným parametrom.\n"
-" Voľby -x a -v sú vypnuté.\n"
+" \n"
+" -p Zapnuté vždy, keď sa skutočné a účinné ID používateľa nezhoduje.\n"
+" Vypína spracúvanie súboru $ENV a importovanie funkcií shellu.\n"
+" Vypnutie tejto voľby spôsobí, že účinný UID a GID sa nastavia\n"
+" na skutočný UID a GID.\n"
+" -t Ukončiť po načítaní a vykonaní jedného príkazu.\n"
+" -u Považovať nenastavené premenné za chybu pri substitúcii.\n"
+" -v Vypisovať vstupné riadky shellu postupne ako sa načítavajú.\n"
+" -x Vypisovať príkazy a ich argumenty postupne ako sa načítavajú.\n"
+" -B Shell bude vykonávať expanziu zložených zátvoriek\n"
+" -C Ak je voľba nastavená, zamedzí prepísaniu existujúcich súborov\n"
+" persmerovaním výstupu.\n"
+" -E Ak je voľba nastavená, zachytenie ERR zdedia funkcie shellu.\n"
+" -H Zapne substitúciu príkazov z histórie pomocou znaku !. Tento\n"
+" prepínač je štandardne zapnutý, keď je shell interaktívny.\n"
+" -P Ak je voľba nastavená, nenasledovať symbolické odkazy pri\n"
+" vykonávaní príkazov ako cd, ktoré menia aktuálny adresár.\n"
+" -T Ak je voľba nastavená, zachytenie DEBUG zdedia funkcie shellu.\n"
+" - Odovzdať všetky zostávajúce argumenty pozičným parametrom.\n"
+" Voľby -x a -v sú vypnuté.\n"
" \n"
" Použitie + namiesto - spôsobí vypnutie voľby. Voľby je tiež možné\n"
" použiť pri vyvolaní shellu. Momentálne nastavené voľby možno nájsť v\n"
" $-. Zostávajúcich n ARGumentov je pozičných a priradia sa postupne\n"
" premenným $1, $2, .. $n. Ak nie sú zadané žiadne ARGumenty, všetky\n"
-" premenné shellu sa vypíšu."
+" premenné shellu sa vypíšu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
+"Zrušiť nastavenie hodnôt a atribútov premenných shellu a funkcií.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pre každý NÁZOV odstráni zodpovedajúcu premennú alebo funkciu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -f\tpovažovať každý NÁZOV za funkciu shellu\n"
+" -v\tpovažovať každý NÁZOV za premennú shellu\n"
+" \n"
+" Bez uvedenia volieb sa unset najskôr pokúša zrušiť nastavenie\n"
+" premennej a ak sa mu to nepodarí, pokúsi sa zrušiť nastavenie\n"
+" funkcie.\n"
+" \n"
+" Nastavenie niektorých premenných nemožno zrušiť; pozri aj „readonly“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je NÁZOV iba na čítanie a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
+"Nastaviť atribút export premenným shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Označí každý NÁZOV na automatický export do prostredia ďalších\n"
+" spúšťaných príkazov. Ak je zadaná HODNOTA, pred exportovaním priradí\n"
+" premenej HODNOTU.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -f\toznačuje funkcie shellu\n"
+" -n\todoberie z NÁZVU atribút export\n"
+" -p\tzobrazí zoznam exportovaných premenných a funkcií\n"
+" \n"
+" Argument „--“ vypína spracovanie ďalších volieb.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je NÁZOV neplatný a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
+"Označiť premenné shellu ako nemeniteľné.\n"
+" \n"
+" Označí každý NÁZOV ako len na čítanie (atribút readonly); hodnoty "
+"týchto\n"
+" NÁZVOV nie je možné ďalej meniť priradením. Ak je zadaná HODNOTA,\n"
+" pred označením ako readonly priradiť premenej HODNOTU.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a\todkazuje na premenné indexovaných polí\n"
+" -A\todkazuje na premenné asociatívnych polí\n"
+" -f\todkazuje na funkcie shellu\n"
+" -p\tzobrazí zoznam premenných a funkcií len na čítanie\n"
+" \n"
+" Argument „--“ vypína spracovanie ďalších volieb.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je NÁZOV neplatný a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
+"Posunúť pozičné parametre.\n"
+" \n"
+" Premenovať pozičné parametre $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... Ak N nie je\n"
+" zadané, predpokladá sa N=1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je N záporné alebo väčšie ako $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-"Načítať a vykonať prákazy zo SÚBORu a vrátiť sa. Na nájdenie adresára\n"
-" obsahujúceho SÚBOR sa použijú cesty z $PATH. Ak sú zadané nejaké\n"
-" ARGUMENTY, použijú sa ako pozičné argumenty pri vykonaní SÚBORu."
+"Vykonať príkazy zo súboru v aktuálnom shelli.\n"
+" \n"
+" Načítať a vykonať príkazy zo SÚBORu v aktuálnom shelli.\n"
+" Na nájdenie adresára obsahujúceho SÚBOR sa použijú cesty z $PATH.\n"
+" Ak sú zadané nejaké ARGUMENTY, použijú sa ako pozičné argumenty\n"
+" pri vykonaní SÚBORu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného príkazu v SÚBORe; zlyhá ak nie je\n"
+" možné SÚBOR načítať."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Pozastaviť vykonávanie shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pozastaviť vykonávanie shellu pokým nedostane signál SIGCONT.\n"
+" Ak to nie je vynútené, login shell nie je možné pozastaviť.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -f\tvynútiť pozastavenie aj v prípade, že shell je login shell\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je vypnuté riadenie úloh a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1216
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-"Ukončiť s návratovou hodnotou 0 (pravda) alebo 1 (nepravda)\n"
+"Vyhodnotiť podmienený výraz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Skončí s návratovou hodnotou 0 (pravda) alebo 1 (nepravda)\n"
" v závislosti na vyhodnotení VÝR. Výrazy môžu byť unárne alebo\n"
" binárne. Unárne výrazy sa často používajú na vyhodnotenie stavu\n"
" súboru. Existujú aj operátory pracujúce s reťazcami a na\n"
" \n"
" Aritmetické binárne operátory vracajú pravdu, keď sa ARG1 rovná,\n"
" nerovná, je menší, menší alebo rovný, väčší, väčší alebo rovný ako\n"
-" ARG2."
+" ARG2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak VÝR vyhodnotí ako pravdivý; zlyhá ako sa VÝR vyhodnotí\n"
+" ako nepravdivý alebo je zadaný neplatný argument."
-#: builtins.c:1292
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last argument must\n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-"Toto je synonymum vsatavanej funkcie „test“, ale posledný\n"
+"Vyhodnotiť podmienený výraz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Toto je synonymum vsatavanej funkcie „test“, ale posledný\n"
" argument musí byť literál „]“, ktorý uzatvára otvárajúcu „[“."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"Zobraziť časy procesov\n"
+" \n"
+" Vypíše súhrnné používateľské a systmové časy shellu a všetkých jeho\n"
+" potomkov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vždy vráti 0."
-#: builtins.c:1313
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
"given."
msgstr ""
-"Príkaz ARG sa načíta a vykoná, keď shell dostane signál(y) SIGNAL_SPEC.\n"
+"Zachytiť signály a iné udalosti.\n"
+" \n"
+" Definuje a aktivuje spustenie obsluhy udalosti, keď shell dostane "
+"signál SIGNAL_SPEC alebo iných podmienok.\n"
+" \n"
+" Príkaz ARG sa načíta a vykoná, keď shell dostane signál(y) SIGNAL_SPEC.\n"
" Ak ARG chýba (a je uvedený jediný SIGNAL_SPEC) alebo je „-“,\n"
" každý uvedený signál sa obnoví na pôvodnú hodnotu. Ak je ARG\n"
" prázdny režazec, každý SIGNAL_SPEC shell a príkaz, ktorý vyvolá,\n"
-" ignoruje. Ak SIGNAL_SPEC je EXIT (0), príkaz ARG sa vykoná pri\n"
+" ignoruje.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak SIGNAL_SPEC je EXIT (0), príkaz ARG sa vykoná pri\n"
" ukončení shellu. Ak je SIGNAL_SPEC DEBUG, ARG sa vykoná po každom\n"
-" jednom príkaze. Ak je uvedená voľba „-p“, potom sa zobrazia príkazy\n"
-" trap asociované s každým SIGNAL_SPEC. Ak nie sú uvedené žiadne\n"
-" argumenty alebo iba voľba „-p“. Trap vypíše zoznam príkazov\n"
-" asociovaných s každým signálom. SIGNAL_SPEC je buď názov signálu\n"
-" ako v <signal.h> alebo číslo signálu. V názvoch signálov sa nerozlišuje\n"
-" veľkosť písmen a predpona SIG je nepovinná. „trap -l“ vypíše zoznam\n"
-" názvov signálov a ich zodpovedajúce čísla. Majte na pamäti, že signál\n"
-" je možné shellu poslať príkazom „kill -signal $$“."
-
-#: builtins.c:1345
+" jednom príkaze.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak nie sú uvedené žiadne argumenty, trap vypíše zoznam príkazov\n"
+" asociovaných s každým signálom.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -l\tvypíše zoznam názvov signálov a ich zodpovedajúce čísla\n"
+" -p\tzobrazia sa príkazy trap asociované s každým SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" \n"
+" Každý SIGNAL_SPEC je buď názov signálu ako v <signal.h> alebo číslo\n"
+" signálu. V názvoch signálov sa nerozlišuje veľkosť písmen a predpona\n"
+" SIG je nepovinná. Signál je možné shellu poslať príkazom „kill -signal $"
+"$“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je SIGSPEC neplatný a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
+
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
"found."
msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:1376
-#, fuzzy
+"Zobraziť informácie o type príkazu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pre každý NÁZOV vypíše ako by sa interpretoval keby bol použitý\n"
+" ako názov príkazu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -a\tzobrazí všetky umiestnenia, ktoré obsahujú spustiteľný súbor\n"
+" \ts názvom NÁZOV; vrátane aliasov, vstavaných funkcií a funkcií\n"
+" \tak a iba ak nebola použitá voľba „-p“\n"
+" -f\tpotlačiť hľadanie vo funkciách shellu\n"
+" -P\tvynútiť pri každom NÁZVE vyhľadanie v CESTE, aj ak je to alias,\n"
+" \tvstavaná funkcia alebo funkcia a vráti názov súboru na disku,\n"
+" \tktorý by sa spustil\n"
+" -p\tvráti buď názov súboru na disku, ktorý by sa spustil, alebo nič\n"
+" \tak by „type -t NAME“ nevrátilo „file“.\n"
+" -t\tvypísať jediné slovo, jedno zo slov „alias“, „keyword“,\n"
+" \t„function“, „builtin“, „file“ alebo „“, ak je názov alias,\n"
+" \tvyhradené slovo shellu, funkcia shellu, vstavaná funkcia shellu,\n"
+" \tsúbor na disku alebo NÁZOV nebol nájdený\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" NÁZOV\tNázov príkazu, ktorý sa má interpretovať.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak boli nájdené všetky NÁZVY; zlyhá ak nie."
+
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Ulimit poskytuje kontrolu nad prostriedkami dostupnými procesu,\n"
+"Zmeniť obmedzenia prostriedkov shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Poskytuje kontrolu nad prostriedkami dostupnými procesu,\n"
" ktorý spustil shell na systémoch, ktoré takúto kontrolu umožňujú.\n"
" Ak sú zadané voľby, vyhodnocujú sa nasledovne:\n"
" \n"
" znamenajú aktuálny mäkký limit, aktuálny tvrdý limit resp. žiadny "
"limit.\n"
" Inak sa vypíše aktuálna hodnota zadaného prostriedku.\n"
-" Ak nie je zadaná žiada voľba, predpokladá sa -f. Hodnoty sú v\n"
-" násobkoch 1024 bajtov okrem -t, ktorý je v sekundách, -p, ktorý je v\n"
-" násobkoch 512 bajtov a -u, čo znamená neobmedzený počet procesov."
+" Ak nie je zadaná žiada voľba, predpokladá sa -f.\n"
+" \n"
+" Hodnoty sú v násobkoch 1024 bajtov okrem -t, ktorý je v sekundách,\n"
+" -p, ktorý je v násobkoch 512 bajtov a -u, čo znamená neobmedzený\n"
+" počet procesov.\n"
+" \n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
+"Zobraziť alebo nastaviť masku režimu súboru.\n"
+" \n"
+" Nastaví masku súborov vytvorených používateľom na REŽIM. Ak sa\n"
+" REŽIM vynechá, vypíše aktuálnu hodnotu masky.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak REŽIM začína bodkou, interpretuje sa ako osmičkové číslo;\n"
+" inak je to symbolické označenie režimu aké prijíma chmod(1).\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -p\tak sa REŽIM vynechá, vypíše výstup v tvare, ktorý je možné\n"
+" \tpoužiť ako vstup\n"
+" -S\tvýpis v symbolickom tvare; inak osmičkové číslo\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je REŽIM neplatný a nebola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
msgstr ""
+"Čakať na dokončenie úlohy a vrátiť návratovú hodnotu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Počká na proces s identifikátorom ID, čo môže byť PID alebo "
+"špecifikácia\n"
+" úlohy a oznámi stav jeho ukončenia. Ak nie je ID zadaný, počká na "
+"všetky\n"
+" momentálne aktívne detské procesy vo fronte úloh.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti stav ID; zlyhá ak je ID neplatný alebo bola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1459
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"is\n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-"Čakať na ukončenie zadaného procesu a vypísať jeho návratovú\n"
-" hodnotu. Ak nie je N zadané, čaká sa na všetky momentálne\n"
-" aktívne procesy potomkov a návratová hodnota je nula. N môže\n"
-" byť ID procesu alebo určenie úlohy; ak je určená úloha, čaká sa\n"
-" na ukončenie všetkých procesov v rúre úlohy."
+"Čakať na ukončenie zadaného procesu a vypísať jeho návratovú hodnotu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Čaká na ukončenie zadaného procesu a oznámi jeho návratovú\n"
+" hodnotu. Ak nie je PID zadané, čaká sa na všetky momentálne\n"
+" aktívne procesy potomkov a návratová hodnota je nula.\n"
+" PID musí byť ID procesu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti stav ID; zlyhá ak je ID neplatný alebo bola zadaná neplatná\n"
+" voľba."
-#: builtins.c:1474
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Cyklus „for“ vykonáva postupnosť príkazov pre každú položku v zozname.\n"
+"Vykoná množinu príkazov pre každú položku zoznamu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Cyklus „for“ vykonáva postupnosť príkazov pre každú položku v zozname.\n"
" Ak nie je prítomné „in SLOVÁ ...;“, potom sa predpokladá „in \"$@\"“.\n"
" Pre každý prvok v SLOVÁch sa NÁZOV nastaví na hodnotu položky a\n"
-" vykonajú sa PRÍKAZY."
+" vykonajú sa PRÍKAZY.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1488
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Ekvivalent\n"
+"Aritmetický cyklus for.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ekvivalent\n"
" \t(( VÝR1 ))\n"
" \twhile (( VÝR2 )); do\n"
" \t\tPRÍKAZY\n"
" \t\t(( VÝR3 ))\n"
" \tdone\n"
" VÝR1, VÝR2 a VÝR3 sú aritmetické výrazy. Ak sa vykoná ktorýkoľvek\n"
-" výraz, chovanie je ako by sa vyhodnotil na 1."
+" výraz, chovanie je ako by sa vyhodnotil na 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1506
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"SLOVÁ sa rozbalia, čím sa vytvorí zoznam slov. Zoznam slov sa\n"
+"Vybrať slová zo zoznamu a vykonať príkazy.\n"
+" \n"
+" SLOVÁ sa rozbalia, čím sa vytvorí zoznam slov. Zoznam slov sa\n"
" vypíše na štandardný chybový výstup, pred každým z nich číslo.\n"
" Ak nie je prítomné „in SLOVÁ“, použije sa „in \"$@\"“. Zobrazí sa\n"
" výzva PS3 a načíta sa riadok zo štandardného vstupu. Ak riadok\n"
" výzva sa znova zobrazia. Po načítaní znaku konca súboru príkaz\n"
" končí. Načítanie akejkoľvek inej hodnoty spôsobí nastavenie NÁZVU\n"
" na NULL. Načítaný riadok sa uloží do premennej ODPOVEĎ. PRÍKAZY\n"
-" sa vykonajú po každom výbere až kým sa nevykoná príkaz break."
+" sa vykonajú po každom výbere až kým sa nevykoná príkaz break.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1527
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-"Vykonať RÚRU a po jej skončení vypísať zhrnutie skutočného času,\n"
+"Oznámiť čas využitý vykonávaním rúry.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vykonať RÚRU a po jej skončení vypísať zhrnutie skutočného času,\n"
" času CPU a systémového času CPU stráveného vykonaním RÚRY.\n"
-" Návratová hodnota je návratová hodnota RÚRY. Voľba „-p“ vypíše\n"
-" zhrnutie časov v mierne odlišnom formáte. Ten použuje pre\n"
-" formátovanie výstupu premennú TIMEFORMAT."
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -p\tvypíše zhrnutie časov v prenosnom formáte Posix.\n"
+" \n"
+" Na formátovanie výstupu sa použije hodnota premennej TIMEFORMAT.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota je návratová hodnota RÚRY."
-#: builtins.c:1544
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Selektívne vykonávať PRÍKAZY na základe toho, či SLOVO zodpovedá VZORu.\n"
-" „|“ sa použije na oddelenie viacerých vzorov."
+"Vykonať príkazy na základe porovnávania vzorov\n"
+" \n"
+" Selektívne vykonávať PRÍKAZY na základe toho, či SLOVO zodpovedá\n"
+" VZORu.. „|“ sa použije na oddelenie viacerých vzorov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1556
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Vykoná sa zoznam „if PRÍKAZY“. Ak je jeho návratová hodnota nula, vykoná\n"
+"Vykonať príkazy na základe podmienky.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vykoná sa zoznam „if PRÍKAZY“. Ak je jeho návratová hodnota nula, "
+"vykoná\n"
" sa zoznam „then PRÍKAZY“. Inak sa postupne vykoná každý zoznam\n"
" „elif PRÍKAZY“ a ak je jeho návratová hodnota nula, vykoná sa "
"zodpovedajúci\n"
" ak je prítomný. Návratová hodnota celej konštrukcie je návratová "
"hodnota\n"
" posledného vykonaného príkazu alebo nula ak sa žiadna podmienka\n"
-" nevyhodnotila na pravdu."
+" nevyhodnotila na pravdu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1573
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Rozbaliť a vykonávať PRÍKAZY pokým posledný príkaz medzi PRÍKAZMI\n"
-" „while“ nemá návratovú hodnotu nula."
+"Vykonávať príkazy kým podmienka platí.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rozbaliť a vykonávať PRÍKAZY pokým posledný príkaz medzi PRÍKAZMI\n"
+" „while“ nemá návratovú hodnotu nula.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1585
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Rozbaliť a vykonávať PRÍKAZY pokým posledný príkaz medzi PRÍKAZMI\n"
-" „until“ nemá nenulovú návratovú hodnotu."
+"Vykonávať príkazy kým podmienka neplatí.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rozbaliť a vykonávať PRÍKAZY pokým posledný príkaz medzi PRÍKAZMI\n"
+" „until“ nemá nenulovú návratovú hodnotu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
+
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
+"Definovať funkciu shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vytvorí funkciu shellu NÁZOV. Keď sa spustí ako jednoduchý príkaz, "
+"NÁZOV\n"
+" spustí PRÍKAZy v kontexte vulajúceho shellu. Keď sa spustí v tvare "
+"NÁZOV,\n"
+" argumenty sa odovzdajú funkcii ako $1...$n a názov funkcie je "
+"$FUNCNAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak sa nestalo, že je NÁZOV iba na čítanie."
-#: builtins.c:1611
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-"Spustiť množinu príkazov v skupine. Toto je jeden zo spôsobov ako\n"
-" presmerovať celú možinu príkazov."
+"Zoskupiť príkazy do jednotky.\n"
+" \n"
+" Spustiť množinu príkazov v skupine. Toto je jeden zo spôsobov ako\n"
+" presmerovať celú možinu príkazov.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu posledného vykonaného príkazu."
-#: builtins.c:1623
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-"Ekvivalentné argumentu JOB_SPEC príkazu „fg“ Obnoví beh\n"
+"Vyhodnotiť podmienený výraz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ekvivalentné argumentu JOB_SPEC príkazu „fg“ Obnoví beh\n"
" zastavenej úlohy alebo úlohyu bežiacej v pozadí. JOB_SPEC môže\n"
" určiť buď názov alebo číslo úlohy. Ak po JOB_SPEC nasleduje „&“, úloha\n"
" sa umiestni do pozadia, ako keby bola špecifikácia úlohy zadaná ako\n"
-" argument príkazu „bg“."
+" argument príkazu „bg“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti návratovú hodnotu obnovenej úlohy."
-#: builtins.c:1638
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-"VÝRAZ sa vyhodnotí podľa pravidiel aritmetického vyhodnocovania.\n"
-" Ekvivalentné s „let VÝRAZ“."
+"Vyhodnotiť aritmetický výraz.\n"
+" \n"
+" VÝRAZ sa vyhodnotí podľa pravidiel aritmetického vyhodnocovania.\n"
+" Ekvivalentné s „let VÝRAZ“.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 1 ak sa VÝRAZ vyhodnotí na 0; inak vráti 0."
-#: builtins.c:1650
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-"Vráti 0 alebo 1 v závislosti na vyhodnotení výrazu podmienky VÝRAZ.\n"
+"Vykonať podmienený výraz.\n"
+" \n"
+" Vráti 0 alebo 1 v závislosti na vyhodnotení výrazu podmienky VÝRAZ.\n"
" Výrazy sa skladajú z rovnakých zložiek ako pri vstavanom príkaze\n"
" „test“ a je možné ich kombinovať pomocou nasledovných operátorov\n"
" \n"
" Ak sú použité operátory „==“ a „!=“, reťazec napravo od operátora\n"
" sa použije ako vzor a vykoná sa hľadanie zhody reťazcov. Operátory\n"
" && a || nevyhodnocujú VÝR2 ak hodnota VÝR1 postačuje na určenie\n"
-" hodnoty výrazu."
+" hodnoty výrazu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 alebo 1 v závislosti na hodnote VÝRAZu."
-#: builtins.c:1676
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-"BASH_VERSION\tInformácie o verzii tohto Bash.\n"
+"Bežné názvy premenných shellu a ich použitie\n"
+" \n"
+" BASH_VERSION\tInformácie o verzii tohto Bash.\n"
" CDPATH\tBodkočiarkami oddelený zoznam adresárov, v ktorých sa budú\n"
" \t\thľadať adresáre dané ako argument príkazu „cd“.\n"
" GLOBIGNORE\tBodkočiarkami oddelený zoznam vzorov popisujúcich názvy\n"
" IGNOREEOF\tRiadi činnosť shellu po prijatí znaku EOF ako\n"
" \t\tjediného na vstupe. Ak je voľba nastavená, jej hodnota je\n"
" \t\tpočet znakov EOF, ktoré budú za sebou prijaté na prázdnom\n"
-" \t\triadku predtým, než sa shell ukončí (štadnardne 10). Ak voľba\n"
+" \t\triadku predtým, než sa shell ukončí (štandardne 10). Ak voľba\n"
" \t\tNie je nastavená, EOF značí koniec vstupu.\n"
" MACHTYPE\tReťazec popisujúci systém, na ktorom Bash práve beží.\n"
" MAILCHECK\tAko často v sekundách Bash kontroluje novú poštu.\n"
" SHELLOPTS\tBodkočiarkami oddelený zoznam zapnutých volieb shellu.\n"
" TERM\tNázov aktuálneho typu terminálu.\n"
" TIMEFORMAT\tFormát výstupu štatistiky doby behu, ktorú zobrazuje\n"
-" \t\trezervované slovo „time“.\n"
-" auto_resume\tNenulová hodnota značí príkaz, ktorý keď sa vyskytuje na "
-"samostatnom\n"
-" \t\triadku, vyhľadá sa v zozname momentálne zastavených\n"
-" \t\túloh. Ak sa je tam nachádza, úloha sa prenesie do popredia.\n"
-" \t\tHodnota „exact“ znamená, že slovo príkazu sa musí presne\n"
-" \t\tzhodovať s príkazom v zozname zastavených úloh. Hodnota\n"
-" \t\t„substring“ znamená, že slovo príkazu sa musí zhodovať s\n"
+" \t\tvyhradené slovo „time“.\n"
+" auto_resume\tNenulová hodnota značí príkaz, ktorý keď sa vyskytuje na\n"
+" \t\tsamostatnom riadku, vyhľadá sa v zozname momentálne\n"
+" \t\tzastavených úloh. Ak sa je tam nachádza, úloha sa prenesie do\n"
+" \t\tpopredia. Hodnota „exact“ znamená, že slovo príkazu sa musí\n"
+" \t\tpresne zhodovať s príkazom v zozname zastavených úloh.\n"
+" \t\tHodnota „substring“ znamená, že slovo príkazu sa musí zhodovať s\n"
" \t\tpodreťazcom úlohy. Akákoľvek iná hodnota znamená, že\n"
" \t\tpríkaz musí byť predponou zastavenej úlohy.\n"
" histchars\tZnaky riadiace dopĺňanie histórie a rýchle\n"
" HISTIGNORE\tBodkočiarkami oddelený zoznam vzoriek, ktoré\n"
" \t\tsa používajú na rozhodovanie, či sa príkaz uloží do histórie.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
-#, fuzzy
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-"Pridá adresár na vrchol zásobníka adresárov alebo ho otočí tak, že\n"
+"Pridať adresár na zásobník.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pridá adresár na vrchol zásobníka adresárov alebo ho otočí tak, že\n"
" nový vrchol zásobníka sa stane aktuálnym pracovným adresárom.\n"
" Bez argumentov vymení vrchné dva adresáre.\n"
" \n"
-" +N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc zľava zoznamu,\n"
-" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n\tpotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
+" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
" \n"
-" -N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc sprava zoznamu,\n"
-" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" +N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc zľava zoznamu,\n"
+" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
" \n"
-" -n\tpotlačí normálnu zmenu adresára pri odstraňovaní položiek\n"
-" \tzo zásobníka, takže sa zmení iba zásobník.\n"
+" -N\tOtočí zásobník tak, že N-tý adresár (počítajúc sprava zoznamu,\n"
+" \tktorý zobrazuje „dirs“, počínajúc nulou) je na vrchu.\n"
" \n"
-" adr\tpridá ADR na vrchol zásobníka adresárov, čím sa tento stane\n"
-" \tnovým aktuálnym pracovným adresárom.\n"
+" adr\tpridá ADR na vrchol zásobníka adresárov, čím sa tento stane\n"
+" \tnovým aktuálnym pracovným adresárom.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť vstavaným príkazom „dirs“.\n"
" \n"
-" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť príkazom „dirs“. \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vráti 0 ak nebol zadaný neplatný argument a nevyskytla sa\n"
" chyba pri zmene adresára."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-"Odstráni položky zo zásobníka adresárov.\n"
+"Odstrániť položky zo zásobníka adresárov.\n"
" \n"
" Odstráni položky zo zásobníka adresárov. Bez argumentov odstráni\n"
" vrchnú položku zo zásobníka a zmení adresár na adresár, ktorý\n"
" \n"
" Zásobník adresárov môžete zobraziť príkazom „dirs“.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vráti 0 ak nebol zadaný neplatný argument a nevyskytla sa\n"
" chyba pri zmene adresára."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Zobrazí zoznam momentálne zapamätaných adresárov.\n"
+"Zobraziť zoznam momentálne zapamätaných adresárov.\n"
" \n"
" Zobrazí zoznam momentálne zapamätaných adresárov. Adresáre\n"
" sa do zoznamu dostávajú príkazom „pushd“; zo zoznamu ich môžete\n"
" Voľby:\n"
" -c\tvyprázdniť zásobník adresárov zmazaním všetkých položiek.\n"
" -l\tnevypisovať skrátené verzie adresárov vzhľadom na domovský\n"
-" \trelatívne k vášmu domovskému adresáru\n"
+" \t\trelatívne k vášmu domovskému adresáru\n"
" -p\tvypisovať zásobník adresárov vo formáte jedna položka na riadok\n"
" -v\tvypisovať zásobník adresárov vo formáte jedna položka na\n"
-" \triadok a pred adresár vypísať jeho pozíciu v zásobníku.\n"
+" \t\triadok a pred adresár vypísať jeho pozíciu v zásobníku.\n"
" \n"
" +N\tzobrazuje N-tú položku počítajúc zľava zoznamu, ktorý zobrazuje\n"
-" \tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou.\n"
+" \t\tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou.\n"
" \n"
" -N\tzobrazuje N-tú položku počítajúc sprava zoznamu, ktorý zobrazuje\n"
-" \tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou.\n"
+" \t\tdirs vyvolaný bez volieb, počínajúc nulou.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vráti 0 ak nebol zadaný neplatný argument a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-
-#: builtins.c:1847
+"Nastaviť a zrušiť nastavenie volieb shellu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zmení nastavenie každej z volieb shellu OPTNAME. Bez akýchkoľvek\n"
+" argumentov volieb vypíše všetky voľby shellu s označením, či je každá\n"
+" z nich nastavená alebo nie.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -o\tobmedzí OPTNAME na tie, ktoré sú definované na použitie\n"
+" \tso „set -o“\n"
+" -p\tvypíše každú voľbu shellu s označením jej stavu\n"
+" -q\tpotlačí výstup\n"
+" -s\tzapnúť (nastaviť) každú OPTNAME\n"
+" -u\tvypnúť (zrušiť nastavenie) každú OPTNAME\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak je OPTNAME zapnuté; zlyhá ak bola zadaná\n"
+" neplatná voľba alebo OPTNAME je vypnuté."
+
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"printf formátuje a vypisuje ARGUMENTY podľa FORMÁTu.\n"
" \n"
" FORMÁT je reťazec znakov, ktorý obsahuje tri typy objektov: čisté "
-"znaky, ktoré sa jednoducho skopírujú na štandardný výstup, únikové "
-"klauzuly,\n"
+"znaky,\n"
+" ktoré sa jednoducho skopírujú na štandardný výstup, únikové klauzuly,\n"
" ktoré sa nahradia zodpovedajúcim výstupom a skopírujú na štandardný\n"
" výstup a špecifikácie formátu, z ktorých každá spôsobí vypísanie\n"
" nasledovného argumentu.\n"
" \n"
" %b\trozšíriť únikové klauzuly backspace v zodpovedajúcom argumente\n"
" %q\tdať argument do zátvoriek tak, aby ho bolo možné použiť ako\n"
-" \tvstup shellu.\n"
+" \tvstup shellu.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba pri\n"
" zápise či priradení."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Definuje ako má Readline dopĺňať argumenty.\n"
+" \n"
+" Pre každý NÁZOV uviesť ako sa majú dopĺňať argumenty. Ak nie sú zadané\n"
+" žiadne argumenty, vypíšu sa existujúce dopĺňania v takom tvare, ktorý\n"
+" je možné znova použiť ako vstup.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -p\tvypísať existujúce špecifikácie dopĺňania v znovapoužiteľnom\n"
+" \ttvare\n"
+" -r\todstrániť špecifikáciu dopĺňania každého NÁZVU alebo ak nie je\n"
+" \tzadaný žiadny NÁZOV, všetky špecifikácie dopĺňania\n"
+" \n"
+" Pri pokuse o doplnenie sa operácie použijú v poradí hore uvedených\n"
+" volieb veľkými písmenami.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-"Zobrazí možné dokončenie v závislosti na voľbách.\n"
+"Zobraziť možné dokončenie v závislosti na voľbách.\n"
" \n"
" Slúži na použitie z shell funkcií tvoriacich možné dokončenia\n"
" Ak je daný voliteľný parameter SLOVO, tvoria sa zhody so SLOVOm.\n"
" \n"
-" Návratový kód:\n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a nevyskytla sa chyba."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
+"Zmeniť alebo zobraziť voľby dopĺňania.\n"
+" \n"
+" Zmení voľby dopĺňania pre každý NÁZOV alebo ak nie je zadaný žiadny\n"
+" NÁZOV pre momentálne vykonávané dopĺňanie. Ak nie sú zadané žiadne\n"
+" voľby, vypíše špecifikácie dopĺňania pre každý NÁZOV alebo pre\n"
+" momentálne vykonávané dopĺňanie.\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" \t-o voľba\tNastaví voľbu dopĺňania VOĽBA pre každý NÁZOV\n"
+" \n"
+" Použitím „+o“ namiesto „-o“ vypnete určenú voľbu.\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" \n"
+" Každý NÁZOV odkazuje na príkaz, pre ktorý musela byť vopred definovaná\n"
+" špecifikácia dopĺňania pomocou vstavaného príkazu „complete“. Ak nie sú\n"
+" zadané žiadne NÁZVY, compopt musí byť volaný priamo funkciou, ktorá\n"
+" práve tvorí dopĺňanie a voľby generátora momentálne vykonávaného\n"
+" dopĺňania sa zmenia.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a NÁZOV nemá definovanú\n"
+" špecifikáciu dopĺňania."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+"Načítať riadky zo súboru do premennej poľa.\n"
+" \n"
+" Načíta riadky zo štandardného vstupu do premennej poľa POLE alebo z\n"
+" popisovača súboru FD ak je zadaná voľba -u. Štandardné pole je premenná\n"
+" MAPFILE\n"
+" \n"
+" Voľby:\n"
+" -n počet\tSkopírovať najviac POČET riadkov. Ak je POČER 0, všetky "
+"riadky.\n"
+" -O začiatok\tZačať priraďovanie položiek POĽA na indexe ZAČIATOK.\n"
+" \t\tPredvolený index je 0.\n"
+" -s počet\tIgnorovať prvých prečítaných POČET riadkov.\n"
+" -t\t\tOdstrániť znak nového riadka z konca každého načítaného riadka.\n"
+" -u fd\t\tNačítať riadky z popisovača FD namiest štandardného vstupu.\n"
+" -C callback\tVyhodnotiť CALLBACK po prečítaní každých QUANTUM "
+"riadkov.\n"
+" -c quantum\tUrčuje počet riadkov, ktoré sa majú prečítať pred každým\n"
+" \t\tvolaním CALLBACK.\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumenty:\n"
+" ARRAY\t\tNázov premennej poľa, kam sa majú uložiť údaje.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak uvediete -C bez -c, predvolená hodnota quantum je 5000.\n"
+" \n"
+" Ak nie je zadaný ZAČIATOK explicitne, mapfile POLE vyčistí predtým,\n"
+" než ho začne plniť.\n"
+" \n"
+" Návratová hodnota:\n"
+" Vráti 0 ak nebola zadaná neplatná voľba a POLE nie je len na čítanie."
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-09-15 13:09+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Göran Uddeborg <goeran@uddeborg.se>\n"
"Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: måste använda index vid tilldelning av associativ vektor"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: det går inte att skapa: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "skrivfel: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: fel när aktuell katalog hämtades: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: tvetydig jobbspecifikation"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "det går inte att använda \"-f\" för att göra funktioner"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: endast läsbar funktion"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: kan inte ta bort: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: filen är för stor"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: det kår inte att köra binär fil"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "uttryck förväntades"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: ogiltig filidentifierarspecifikation"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: ogiltig filbeskrivare: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: ogiltigt radantal"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: ogiltig vektorstart"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: ogiltigt återanropskvanta"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "tomt vektorvariabelnamn"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "stöd för vektorvariabler krävs"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "det går inte att omdiregera standard in från /dev/null: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: \"%c\": ogiltigt formateringstecken"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "rörfel"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: begränsat: det går inte att ange \"/\" i kommandonamn"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: kommandot finns inte"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: felaktig tolk"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "det går inte att duplicera fb %d till fb %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp rör"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "avgrenad pid %d fins i körande jobb %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "tar bort stoppat jobb %d med processgrupp %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: process %5ld (%s) i the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) markerad som fortfarande vid liv"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: ingen sådan pid"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Klart"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Stoppat"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Stoppat(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Kör"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Klart(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Avslut %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Okänd status"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(minnesutskrift skapad) "
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (ak: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "barns setpgid (%ld till %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld är inte ett barn till detta skal"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Ingen uppgift om process %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: jobb %d är stoppat"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: jobbet har avslutat"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: jobb %d är redan i bakgrunden"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: rad %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (minnesutskrift skapad)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(ak nu: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp misslyckades"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: linjedisciplin"
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "det går inte att sätta terminalprocessgrupp (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "ingen jobbstyrning i detta skal"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "oväntat filslut när matchande \")\" söktes"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "komplettering: funktion \"%s\" finns inte"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: felaktig anslutning \"%d\""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: \"%c\": ogiltigt formateringstecken"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: det går inte att tilldela på detta sätt"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "felaktig ersättning: ingen avslutande \"`\" i %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "ingen match: %s"
msgstr "until KOMMANDON; do KOMMANDON; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "function namn { KOMMANDON ; } or namn () { KOMMANDON ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ KOMMANDON ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "jobbspec [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( uttryck ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ uttryck ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "variabler - Namn och betydelse av några skalvariabler"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | kat]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [flgnamn ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v var] format [argument]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"ordlista] [-F funktion] [-C kommando] [-X filtermnst] [-P prefix] [-S "
"suffix] [namn ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"ordlista] [-F funktion] [-C kommando] [-X filtermnst] [-P prefix] [-S "
"suffix] [ord]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o flagga] [namn ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n antal] [-O start] [-s antal] [-t] [-u fb] [-C återanrop] [-c "
"kvanta] [vektor]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n antal] [-O start] [-s antal] [-t] [-u fb] [-C återanrop] [-c "
+"kvanta] [vektor]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" alias returnerar sant om inte ett NAMN ges för vilket inget alias har\n"
" definierats."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte ett NAMN inte är ett existerande alias."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" bind returnerar 0 om inte en okänd flagga ges eller ett fel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returvärdet är 0 förutsatt att N är större eller lika med 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Slutstatus är 0 förutsatt att N är större eller lika med 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
"inte\n"
" är inbyggd i skalet."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar 0 om inte skalet inte kör en skalfunktion eller UTTR är\n"
" ogiltigt."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar 0 om katalogen är ändrad; skilt från noll annars."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
"katalogen\n"
" inte kan läsas."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Lyckas alltid."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Lyckas alltid."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Misslyckas alltid."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
"inte\n"
" finns."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" Föråldrat. Se \"help declare\"."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges, ett fel inträffar\n"
" eller skalet inte exekverar en funktion."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte ett skrivfel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte ett skrivfel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte NAMN inte är inbyggd i skalet eller ett fel\n"
" inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar slutstatus av kommandot eller framgång om kommandot är tomt."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om en flagga hittas, misslyckas om slutet av\n"
" flaggorna nås eller ett fel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte KOMMANDO inte finns eller ett fel vid\n"
" omdirigering inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" Avslutar skalet med statusen N. Om N utelämnas är slutstatusen den\n"
" hos det sist körda kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" Avslutar ett inloggningsskal med slutstatus N. Returnerar ett fel om\n"
" det inte körs i ett inloggningsskal."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång eller status på exekverat kommando, skilt från noll\n"
" om ett fel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status på kommandot som placerades i förgrunden, eller misslyckande om\n"
" ett fel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
"fel\n"
" inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte NAMN inte hittas eller en ogiltig flagga ges."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte MÖNSTER inte finns eller en ogiltig flagga "
"ges."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
"inträffar.\n"
" Om -x används returneras slutstatus från KOMMANDO."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga eller JOBBSPEC ges."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga angivits eller ett fel\n"
" inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Om det sista ARG beräknas till 0, returnerar let 1; let returnerar 0 "
"annars."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" Returkoden är noll om inte filslut nås, läsningens tidsgräns överskrids\n"
" eller en ogiltig filbeskrivare ges som argument till -u."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar N, eller misslyckande om skalet inte kör en funktion eller\n"
" skript."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller NAMN endast är\n"
" läsbart."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller NAMN är ogiltigt."
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller NAMN är ogiltigt."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte N är negativt eller större än $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar status på det sista kommandot som körs i FILNAMN, misslyckas\n"
" om FILNAMN inte kan läsas."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
"fel\n"
" inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om UTTR beräknas till sant. Misslyckas ifall UTTR\n"
" beräknas till falskt eller ett ogiltigt argument ges."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
"argumentet\n"
" måste vara en bokstavlig \"]\", för att matcha den inledande \"[\"."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Lyckas alltid."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"flagga\n"
" ges."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om alla NAMNen finns, misslyckas om något inte finns."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga anges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
"flagga\n"
" ges."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"ogiltig\n"
" flagga ges."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"ogiltig\n"
" flagga ges."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar status för det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Sluttatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returstatusen är returstatusen från RÖR."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar status från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte NAMN endast är läsbart."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar stutusen från det sist exekverade kommandot."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar statusen på det återupptagna jobbet."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar 1 om UTTRYCK beräknas till 0, returnerar 0 annars."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" 0 eller 1 beroende på värdet av UTTRYCK."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" HISTIGNORE\tEn kolonseparerad lista av mönster som används för att\n"
" \t\tbestämma vilka kommandon som skall sparas i historielistan.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte ett ogiltigt argument ges eller bytet av\n"
" katalog misslyckas."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte ett ogiltigt argument ges eller bytet av\n"
" katalog misslyckas."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om FLGNAMN är aktiverat, misslyckas om en ogiltig\n"
" flagga ges eller FLGNAMN är avaktiverat."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett skriv-\n"
" eller tilldelningsfel inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller ett fel "
"inträffar."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller NAMN inte har\n"
" någon kompletteringsspecifikaation definierad."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Slutstatus:\n"
" Returnerar framgång om inte en ogiltig flagga ges eller VEKTOR är\n"
" oföränderlig."
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-10-30 20:00+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Nilgün Belma Bugüner <nilgun@buguner.name.tr>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish <gnu-tr-u12a@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: oluşturulamıyor: %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "yazma hatası: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: geçerli dizin alınırken hata: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: iş belirtimi belirsiz"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "işlev yapmak için `-f' kullanılamaz"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: salt okunur işlev"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: silinemiyor: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: dosya çok büyük"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: ikili dosya çalıştırılamıyor"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "ifade bekleniyordu"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: dosya tanıtıcı belirtimi geçersiz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: dosya tanıtıcı geçersiz: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: seçenek geçersiz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: seçenek geçersiz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: eylem adı geçersiz"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
#, fuzzy
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: bir dizi değişkeni değil"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "/dev/null'dan standart girdiye yönlendirme yapılamaz: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': biçim karakteri geçersiz"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "yazma hatası: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: kısıtlı: komut adında `/' kullanamazsınız"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: komut yok"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: hatalı yorumlayıcı"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "fd %d, fd %d olarak yinelenemiyor"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "çatallanan pid %d, çalışan iş %d içinde görünüyor"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "durdurulan %2$ld süreç gruplu iş %1$d siliniyor"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: böyle bir pid yok"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld bu kabuğun bir alt sürecine ait değil"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: süreç %ld için kayıt yok"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: iş %d durdu"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: iş sonlanmış"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: iş %d zaten artalanda"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: uyarı: "
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "bu kabukta iş denetimi yok"
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "`)' için eşleşme aranırken beklenmedik dosya sonu"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: `%s' işlevi yok"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: hatalı bağlayıcı `%d'"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: `%c': geçersiz biçim karakteri"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: bu yolla atama yapılmaz"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "hatalı ikame: %2$s içinde kapatan `%1$s' yok"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "eşleşme yok: %s"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
#, fuzzy
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "ifade bekleniyordu"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
#, fuzzy
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "ifade bekleniyordu"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" sonraki sözcüğün takma ad ikamesi için sınanmasına sebep olur.\n"
" Hiçbir şeyin rumuzu olmayan bir İSİM verilmedikçe alias doğru döndürür."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
"verilmişse,\n"
" tüm rümuz tanımları silinir."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" -s Makroları çağıran tuş dizilerini ve değerlerini\n"
" girdi olarak kullanılabilir biçimde listeler."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" FOR, WHILE veya UNTIL döngülerinin sonraki yinelemesinden devam edilir.\n"
" N verilirse dışa doğru N. döngüden devam edilir. N >= 1 olmalıdır."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" FOR, WHILE veya UNTIL döngülerinin sonraki yinelemesinden devam edilir.\n"
" N verilirse dışa doğru N. döngüden devam edilir. N >= 1 olmalıdır."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
"döneceğini\n"
" belirtir; tepe çerçeve 0. çerçevedir."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
"seçeneği\n"
" sembolik bağların mutlaka izlenmesini sağlar."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
"\r:\n"
" Etkisizdir; bu komut birşey yapmaz. Sıfır çıkış kodu döndürülür."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
"\rfalse\n"
" Başarısız bir sonuç döndürür."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
"kullanılmış\n"
" gibi yerel yapar."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" -E seçeneği ile yukarıdaki karakterlerin yorumlanmasını öntanımlı\n"
" olarak etkin olduğu sistemlerde bile kapatabilirsiniz."
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
"başka\n"
" argümanlar verilmişse bunları çözümler."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" N durumu ile dönerek kabuk çıkar. N verilmezse son çalıştırılan komutun\n"
" çıkış durumu döner."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" Böylece `r cc' yazarak `cc' ile başlayan son komut,\n"
" r' yazarak en son komut çalıştırılabilir."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" Eğer İŞ_BELİRTİMİ belirtilmemişse kabuk iş belirtimi olarak\n"
" o an ki işi kullanır."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" `&' ile başlatılmışçasına İŞ_BELİRTİMİni artalana yerleştirir.\n"
" İŞ_BELİRTİMİ verilmemişse, iş belirtimi olarak o an ki iş kullanılır."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" damgasını basacak olan strftime(3) işlevine biçim girdisi olur; aksi\n"
" takdirde hiç zaman damgası basılmaz."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" ARGümanlar ile belirtilen tüm iş belirtimleri, işlerin süreç grup\n"
" liderinin süreç grup kimliğine yerleştirilip KOMUT çalıştırılır."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" sınırını aşarsanız başka bir süreci öldürecek bir süreci başlatmak\n"
" zorunda kalmazsınız."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
"\n"
" Son ifade'nin sonucu 0 ise dönüş durumu 1 dir, aksi takdirde 0 dır."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" okuma zamanaşımına düşmedikçe ya da -u seçeneği ile sağlanan\n"
" DoSYaTaNıTıcı geçersiz olmadıkça dönüş durumu sıfırdır."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" atanır. Özel parametre # ise N'e ayarlanır. Hiç argüman verilmezse,\n"
" tüm kabuk değişkenleri basılır."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
"parametreler\n"
" değiştirilmez."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" küçüklük, büyüklük, küçüklük veya eşitlik, büyüklük veya eşitlik varsa\n"
" ifadenin sonucu doğrudur."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" test yerleşiği ile aynıdır, fakat son argüman açan `[' ile eşleşen\n"
" kapatan `]' olmak zorundadır."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" numaraları ile birlikte listelemesini sağlar. Kabuğa bir sinyal\n"
" göndermek isterseniz \"kill -SİGNAL $$\" sözdizimini kullanabilirsiniz."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" için 512 baytlık blok sayısı olarak, -n ve -u için birimsiz, kalan\n"
" seçenekler için 1024 baytlık blok sayısı olarak belirtilmelidir."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" belirtimi de olabilir; bir iş belirtimi verilirse işin\n"
" boruhattındaki tüm süreçler için beklenir."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" yoksa, `in \"$@\"' belirtilmiş gibi kümeyi oluşturan her parametre\n"
" için KOMUTlar birer kere çalıştırılır."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" İFADE1, İFADE2 ve İFADE3 aritmetik ifadelerdir. Verilmeyen her\n"
" ifade için 1 verilmiş gibi işlem yapılır."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" değişkeninde tutulur. Her seçimden sonra bir break komutu ile\n"
" sonlandırılıncaya kadar komutlar çalıştırılır."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" istatistiklerinin biraz farklı bir biçimde basılmasını sağlar; çıktı\n"
" biçimi olarak TIMEFORMAT değişkeninin değerini kullanır."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" SÖZcük ile eşleşen ilk KALIP'a karşı düşen KOMUTları çalıştırır.\n"
" `|' çok sayıda kalıbı ayırmak için kullanılır."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" çıkış durumudur. Bir komut çalıştırılmamışsa ve hiçbir koşul\n"
" doğru sonuç vermemişse sıfır döner."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" `while KOMUTlar; listesinin çıkış durumu sıfır olduğu sürece\n"
" `do KOMUTlar;' listesi çalıştırılır."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" `until KOMUTlar; listesinin çıkış durumu sıfırdan farklı olduğu sürece\n"
" `do KOMUTlar;' listesi çalıştırılır."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" KOMUTlar bir grup olarak çalıştırılır. Bu, bir komut kümesini bir\n"
" yönlendirmede kullanmanın tek yoludur."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" İŞ_BELİRTİMİ'nden sonra bir & gelmesi işin `bg' komutununa argüman\n"
" olarak kullanılmış gibi artalana yerleştirilmesine sebep olur."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" Verilen aritmetik İFADE aritmetik değerlendirme kurallarına göre\n"
" değerlendirilir. \"let İFADE\" ile eşdeğerdir."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" olarak ele alınır ve kalıp eşleştirmesi uygulanır. && ve || işleçleri\n"
" eğer ilk ifade sonuç için belirleyici ise ikincisine bakmazlar."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" gerektiğine karar vermek için kullanılan kalıpların\n"
" ikinokta imi ayraçlı listesi.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
"\n"
" Dizin yığıtını `dirs' komutuyla görebilirsiniz."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" engeller, böylece sadece yığıt değiştirilmiş olur. \n"
" Dizin yığıtını `dirs' komutuyla görebilirsiniz."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" -N dirs seçeneksiz çağrıldığında gösterdiği listenin sağından\n"
" sıfırla başlayarak sayılan N'inci girdiyi gösterir."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" biçimde çıktılamasını sağlar. -v seçeneği çıktının standart çıktıya\n"
" basılması yerine DEĞİŞKENe atanmasını sağlar. "
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. İsteğe bağlı SÖZCÜK argümanı sağlandığı\n"
" takdirde eşleşmelerden sadece SÖZCÜK ile eşleşenler üretilir."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid " "
#~ msgstr " "
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.0-pre1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-09-08 17:26+0930\n"
"Last-Translator: Clytie Siddall <clytie@riverland.net.au>\n"
"Language-Team: Vietnamese <vi-VN@googlegroups.com>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr "%s: %s: phải sử dụng chữ thấp khi gán mảng kết hợp"
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: không thể tạo %s"
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "lỗi ghi: %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s: gặp lỗi khi lấy thư mục hiện thời: %s: %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: đặc tả công việc mơ hồ"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "không thể dùng « -f » để tạo hàm"
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: hàm chỉ đọc"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: không thể xoá: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: tập tin quá lớn"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: không thể thực hiện tập tin nhị phân"
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "đợi biểu thức"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: sai xác định bộ mô tả tập tin"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: bộ mô tả tập tin không hợp lệ: %s"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s: sai đếm dòng"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s: gốc mảng không hợp lệ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s: lượng gọi ngược không hợp lệ"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr "%s: tên biến mảng vẫn trống"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "cần thiết hỗ trợ biến mảng"
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "không thể chuyển hướng đầu vào tiêu chuẩn từ « /dev/null »: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "ĐỊNH DẠNG THỜI GIAN: « %c »: ký tự định dạng không hợp lệ"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "lỗi ống dẫn"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: bị hạn chế: không thể ghi rõ dấu sổ chéo « / » trong tên câu lệnh"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: không tìm thấy lệnh"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: bộ thông dịch sai"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "không thể nhân đôi fd %d tới fd %d"
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "tiến trình con đã tạo (PID %d) xuất hiện trong công việc đang chạy %d"
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "đang xoá công việc bị dừng chạy %d với nhóm tiến trình %ld"
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr "add_process: tiến trình %5ld (%s) trong the_pipeline"
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) được đánh dấu vẫn hoạt động"
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: không có PID (mã số tiến trình) như vậy"
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Tín hiệu %d"
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Hoàn tất"
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Bị dừng"
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Bị dừng(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Đang chạy"
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Hoàn tất(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Thoát %d"
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Không rõ trạng thái"
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(lõi bị đổ)"
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr "setpgid tiến trình con (%ld thành %ld)"
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: pid %ld không phải là tiến trình con của trình bao này"
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr "wait_for: Không có mục ghi về tiến trình %ld"
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr "wait_for_job: công việc %d bị dừng chạy"
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: công việc bị chấm dứt"
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr "%s: công việc %d đã chạy trong nền"
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: dòng %d:"
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (lõi bị đổ)"
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(wd bây giờ: %s)\n"
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp bị lỗi"
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: kỷ luật dòng"
# Nghĩa chữ : dừng dịch
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "không thể đặt nhóm tiến trình cuối cùng (%d)"
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "không có điều khiển công việc trong trình bao này"
msgstr ""
"gặp kết thúc tập tin bất thường trong khi tìm dấu ngoặc đóng « ) » tương ứng"
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr "completion: không tìm thấy hàm « %s »"
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: bộ kết nối sai « %d »"
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "cprintf: « %c »: ký tự định dạng không hợp lệ"
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: không thể gán bằng cách này"
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "sai thay thế: không có « ` » đóng trong %s"
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "không khớp: %s"
msgstr "until các_CÂU_LỆNH; do các_CÂU_LỆNH; done"
#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
"chức_năng tên { các_CÂU_LỆNH ; }\n"
"\thay\n"
"tên () { các_CÂU_LỆNH ; }"
-#: builtins.c:200
+#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr "{ LỆNH ; }"
-#: builtins.c:202
+#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr "đặc_tả_công_việc [&]"
-#: builtins.c:204
+#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr "(( biểu_thức ))"
-#: builtins.c:206
+#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
msgstr "[[ biểu_thức ]]"
-#: builtins.c:208
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr "biến — tên và nghĩa của một số biến trình bao"
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | tmục]"
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [tùy_chọn ...]"
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr "printf [-v biến] định_dạng [đối_số]"
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"W danh_sách_từ] [-F hàm] [-C lệnh] [-X mẫu_lọc] [-P tiền_tố] [-S hậu_tố] "
"[tên ...]"
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o tùy_chọn] [-A hành_động] [-G mẫu_glob] [-W "
"danh_sách_từ] [-F hàm] [-C lệnh] [-X mẫu_lọc] [-P tiền_tố] [-S hậu_tố] [từ]"
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o tùy_chọn] [tên ...]"
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
"mapfile [-n đếm] [-O gốc] [-s đếm] [-t] [-u fd] [-C gọi_ngược] [-c lượng] "
"[mảng]"
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+"mapfile [-n đếm] [-O gốc] [-s đếm] [-t] [-u fd] [-C gọi_ngược] [-c lượng] "
+"[mảng]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tbí danh trả lại Đúng nếu không đưa ra TÊN chưa có bí danh được xác định."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
"Trả lại thành công nếu không có TÊN là một bí danh không tồn tại."
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tbind trả lại 0 nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn không nhận ra hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát là 0 nếu N không nhỏ hơn hay bằng 1."
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát là 0 nếu N không nhỏ hơn hay bằng 1."
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
"\thoặc sai nếu SHELL-BUILTIN không phải là một\n"
"\tdựng sẵn trình bao."
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại 0 nếu trình bao đang chạy chức năng trình bao,\n"
"\t\tB_THỨC cũng hợp lệ."
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại 0 nếu thư mục được chuyển đổi; không thì khác số không."
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
"\t\tTrả lại 0 nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai\n"
"\t\tvà nếu đọc được thư mục hiện thời."
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tLúc nào cũng thành công."
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tLúc nào cũng thành công."
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tLúc nào cũng không thành công."
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
"Trả lại trạng thái thoát của câu LỆNH, hoặc bị lỗi nếu không tìm thấy câu "
"LỆNH."
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hoặc gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
"\tQuá cũ. Xem « help declare »."
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi,\n"
"\tvà nếu trình bao đang chạy chức năng."
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
"\t\t\\v\tkhoảng tab theo chiều dọc\n"
"\t\t\\\\\tgạch chéo ngược"
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không gặp lỗi ghi."
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu TÊN là một dựng sẵn trình bao, và không gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái thoát của câu lệnh,\n"
"\thay thành công nếu câu lệnh vô giá trị."
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
"\tkhông thành công nếu gặp kết thúc các tùy chọn,\n"
"\thoặc nếu gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu tìm được câu LỆNH và không gặp lỗi chuyển hướng."
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
"\tKhông đưa ra N thì trạng thái thoát\n"
"\tlà trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
"\tThoát khỏi một trình bao đăng nhập, với trạng thái thoát N.\n"
"\tTrả lại lỗi nếu không được thực thi trong trình bao đăng nhập."
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công hay trạng thái của câu lệnh được thực thi;\n"
"\t\tgặp lỗi thì khác số không."
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái của câu lệnh được nâng lên trước;\n"
"\tgặp lỗi thì không thành công."
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu chức năng điều khiển công việc được bật\n"
"\tvà không gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu tìm được TÊN và không đưa ra tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu tìm được MẪU và không đưa ra tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không gặp tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không gặp tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi.\n"
"\tĐưa ra « -x » thì trả lại trạng thái thoát của câu LỆNH."
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay JOBSPEC sai."
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
"\tNếu ĐỐI_SỐ cuối cùng được định giá thành 0 thì let trả lại 1;\n"
"\tkhông thì let trả lại 0."
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
"\tkhông quá thời khi đọc, và không đưa ra bộ mô tả tập tin sai\n"
"\tlàm đối số tới « -u »."
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại N, hoặc bị lỗi nếu trình bao không đang chạy\n"
"\t\tmột chức năng hay văn lệnh."
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không gặp tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai, và TÊN không chỉ đọc."
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay TÊN sai,"
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay TÊN sai."
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu N không âm hay lớn hơn $#."
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
"TÊN_TẬP_TIN;\n"
"\tkhông thành công nếu không thể đọc TÊN_TẬP_TIN."
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu chức năng điều khiển công việc đã được bật, và "
"không gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu B_THỨC định giá thành Đúng;\n"
"\tkhông thành công nếu B_THỨC định giá thành Sai hay đưa ra đối số sai."
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
"\tnhưng đối số cuối cùng phải là một « ] » nghĩa chữ,\n"
"\tđổ tương ứng với « [ » mở."
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tLúc nào cũng thành công."
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra ĐẶC_TẢ_TÍN_HIỆU sai\n"
"\thay tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"\tTráng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu tìm thấy tất cả các TÊN; không thì bị lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
"\tTráng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không có CHẾ_ĐỘ sai hay tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của ID; không thành công nếu ID sai\n"
"\t\thoặc đưa ra tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
"\tkhông thành công nếu ID sai,\n"
"\thoặc nếu đưa ra tùy chọn sai."
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrạng thái trả lai là trạng thái trả lại của PIPELINE."
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
"\tTráng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu TÊN không phải chỉ đọc."
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của câu lệnh cuối cùng được chạy."
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại trạng thái của công việc đã tiếp tục lại."
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại 1 nếu BIỂU_THỨC tính là 0; không thì trả lại 0."
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\t0 hay 1 phụ thuộc vào giá trị của BIỂU_THỨC."
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
"\tđược ùng để quyết định những câu lệnh nào nên được lưu\n"
"\tvào danh sách lịch sử.\n"
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra đối số sai,\n"
"\tcũng không sai chuyển đổi thư mục."
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra đối số sai,\n"
"\tcũng không sai chuyển đổi thư mục."
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu TÊN_TÙY_CHỌN được bật;\n"
"\tkhông thành công nếu đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay TÊN_TÙY_CHỌN bị tắt."
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi kiểu ghi hay "
"gán."
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrạng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai hay gặp lỗi."
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai,\n"
"\tvà TÊN có một đặc tả điền nốt được xác định."
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
"\tTráng thái thoát:\n"
"\tTrả lại thành công nếu không đưa ra tùy chọn sai và MẢNG không phải chỉ "
"đọc."
+
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash-3.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-06 11:56-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-19 14:53-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-08-20 20:12+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Zi-You Dai <ioppooster@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese (traditional) <zh-l10n@linux.org.tw>\n"
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
msgstr ""
-#: bashhist.c:380
+#: bashhist.c:379
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr ""
msgid "write error: %s"
msgstr "寫入錯誤： %s"
-#: builtins/common.c:553
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
msgstr "%s：錯誤檢索當前目錄： %s： %s\n"
-#: builtins/common.c:619 builtins/common.c:621
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
#, c-format
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s：含糊的工作規格"
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4731
+#: builtins/declare.def:365 execute_cmd.c:4818
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s：只讀函數"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4588
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4675
#: shell.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4658 shell.c:1449
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 execute_cmd.c:4745 shell.c:1449
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr ""
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:215 builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:241 builtins/read.def:272
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:223 builtins/read.def:279
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:232 builtins/mapfile.def:270
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:258 builtins/mapfile.def:296
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid line count"
msgstr "%s：無效選項"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:243
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:269
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
msgstr "%s：無效選項"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:260
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:286
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
msgstr "%s：無效的功能名稱"
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:292
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:318
msgid "empty array variable name"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:313
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:339
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr ""
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1091
+#: execute_cmd.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:1942
+#: execute_cmd.c:2011
#, fuzzy
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "寫入錯誤： %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4276
+#: execute_cmd.c:4363
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4367
+#: execute_cmd.c:4454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s：命令找不到"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4621
+#: execute_cmd.c:4708
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr ""
-#: execute_cmd.c:4770
+#: execute_cmd.c:4857
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr ""
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:882
+#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1000
+#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1105
+#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1108
+#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1396
+#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1411
+#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1425 jobs.c:1450
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
msgid "Done"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1430 siglist.c:122
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:122
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1434
+#: jobs.c:1439
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1438
+#: jobs.c:1443
msgid "Running"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1452
+#: jobs.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1454
+#: jobs.c:1459
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1457
+#: jobs.c:1462
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1544
+#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1563
+#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1766
+#: jobs.c:1771
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2094 nojobs.c:576
+#: jobs.c:2099 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2321
+#: jobs.c:2326
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2593
+#: jobs.c:2598
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2815
+#: jobs.c:2820
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2824
+#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3487
+#: jobs.c:3492
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s：警告："
-#: jobs.c:3501 nojobs.c:805
+#: jobs.c:3506 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3513 jobs.c:3526
+#: jobs.c:3518 jobs.c:3531
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3558
+#: jobs.c:3563
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3618
+#: jobs.c:3623
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3628
+#: jobs.c:3633
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3656
+#: jobs.c:3661
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3661
+#: jobs.c:3666
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr ""
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr ""
-#: pcomplete.c:1016
+#: pcomplete.c:1018
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:287
+#: print_cmd.c:285
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1347
+#: print_cmd.c:1348
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr ""
-#: subst.c:7479
+#: subst.c:7499
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr ""
-#: subst.c:8354
+#: subst.c:8375
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:198
-msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:200
-msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:202
-msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:204
-msgid "(( expression ))"
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:206
-msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgid "(( expression ))"
msgstr ""
#: builtins.c:208
+msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:211
+#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:215
+#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:219
+#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:222
+#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:224
+#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:227
+#: builtins.c:229
msgid ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W "
"wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] "
"[name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:231
+#: builtins.c:233
msgid ""
"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:235
+#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:238
+#: builtins.c:240
msgid ""
"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
"quantum] [array]"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:250
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid ""
+"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
+"quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" alias substitution when the alias is expanded. Alias returns\n"
" true unless a NAME is given for which no alias has been defined."
-#: builtins.c:272
+#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:285
+#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:322
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:334
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:346
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:361
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:379
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:407
+#: builtins.c:411
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:424
+#: builtins.c:428
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:435
+#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:444
+#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:453
+#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:472
+#: builtins.c:476
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:508
+#: builtins.c:512
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:516
+#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
" or the shell is not executing a function."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:533
+#: builtins.c:537
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:567
+#: builtins.c:571
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:582
+#: builtins.c:586
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:610
+#: builtins.c:614
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:622
+#: builtins.c:626
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:664
+#: builtins.c:668
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:685
+#: builtins.c:689
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:694
+#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:704
+#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
"occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:734
+#: builtins.c:738
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:749
+#: builtins.c:753
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:763
+#: builtins.c:767
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:788
+#: builtins.c:792
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:812
+#: builtins.c:816
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:848
+#: builtins.c:852
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:875
+#: builtins.c:879
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:894
+#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:917
+#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:962
+#: builtins.c:966
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1002
+#: builtins.c:1006
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1015
+#: builtins.c:1019
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1097
+#: builtins.c:1101
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1117
+#: builtins.c:1121
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1136
+#: builtins.c:1140
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1157
+#: builtins.c:1161
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1169 builtins.c:1184
+#: builtins.c:1173 builtins.c:1188
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1200
+#: builtins.c:1204
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1216
+#: builtins.c:1220
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1292
+#: builtins.c:1296
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1301
+#: builtins.c:1305
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1313
+#: builtins.c:1317
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
"given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1345
+#: builtins.c:1349
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
"found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1376
+#: builtins.c:1380
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1421
+#: builtins.c:1425
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1441
+#: builtins.c:1445
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1459
+#: builtins.c:1463
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1474
+#: builtins.c:1478
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1488
+#: builtins.c:1492
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1506
+#: builtins.c:1510
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1527
+#: builtins.c:1531
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1544
+#: builtins.c:1548
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1556
+#: builtins.c:1560
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1573
+#: builtins.c:1577
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1585
+#: builtins.c:1589
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1597
+#: builtins.c:1601
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1615
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1611
+#: builtins.c:1629
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1623
+#: builtins.c:1641
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1638
+#: builtins.c:1656
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1650
+#: builtins.c:1668
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1676
+#: builtins.c:1694
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1733
+#: builtins.c:1751
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1767
+#: builtins.c:1785
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1797
+#: builtins.c:1815
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1826
+#: builtins.c:1844
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1865
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1874
+#: builtins.c:1892
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1915
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1912
+#: builtins.c:1930
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1940
+#: builtins.c:1958
msgid ""
-"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+"Read lines from the standard input into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
" Read lines from the standard input into the array variable ARRAY, or "
"from\n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" \n"
-" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000.\n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
" \n"
" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
"before\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly."
msgstr ""
+#: builtins.c:1990
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+
#~ msgid "requesting resize"
#~ msgstr "要求調整"
make_command_string_internal (command)
COMMAND *command;
{
- char s[3];
+ char s[3], *op;
if (command == 0)
cprintf ("");
break;
case ';':
-#if 0
- if (was_heredoc == 0)
- cprintf (";");
- else
- was_heredoc = 0;
-#else
if (deferred_heredocs == 0)
- cprintf (";");
+ {
+ if (was_heredoc == 0)
+ cprintf (";");
+ else
+ was_heredoc = 0;
+ }
else
- print_deferred_heredocs (";");
-#endif
+ print_deferred_heredocs (inside_function_def ? "" : ";");
if (inside_function_def)
cprintf ("\n");
}
make_command_string_internal (command->value.Connection->second);
+ if (deferred_heredocs)
+ print_deferred_heredocs ("");
printing_connection--;
break;
}
if (deferred_heredocs)
{
- if (cstring[0] != ';' || cstring[1])
+ if (cstring && cstring[0] && (cstring[0] != ';' || cstring[1]))
cprintf (" "); /* make sure there's at least one space */
dispose_redirects (deferred_heredocs);
+ was_heredoc = 1;
}
deferred_heredocs = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
}
{
char *ret, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p;
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 4);
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 8);
strcpy (ret, DEV_FD_PREFIX);
p = inttostr (fd, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf));
if (modspec == '^')
{
x = p && p[0] == modspec;
- modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_CAPITALIZE;
+ modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_UPFIRST;
p += x;
}
else if (modspec == ',')
{
x = p && p[0] == modspec;
- modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UNCAP;
+ modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_LOWFIRST;
p += x;
}
else if (modspec == '~')
assignment statements. We now do tilde expansion on such words
even in POSIX mode. */
if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNRHS|W_NOTILDE))
- goto add_character;
+ {
+ if (isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+ }
/* If we're not in posix mode or forcing assignment-statement tilde
expansion, note where the `=' appears in the word and prepare to
do tilde expansion following the first `='. */
string[sindex+1] == '~')
word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
#endif
- goto add_character;
+ if (isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
case ':':
if (word->flags & W_NOTILDE)
- goto add_character;
+ {
+ if (isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+ }
if ((word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_ASSIGNRHS|W_TILDEEXP)) &&
string[sindex+1] == '~')
word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
- goto add_character;
+
+ if (isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
case '~':
/* If the word isn't supposed to be tilde expanded, or we're not
(quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
{
word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
- goto add_character;
+ if (isexp == 0 && isifs (c) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
}
if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
default:
/* This is the fix for " $@ " */
+ add_ifs_character:
if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (isexp == 0 && isifs (c)))
{
if (string[sindex]) /* from old goto dollar_add_string */
ackNowLEdgEmENT oENophiLE
acknowledgement oenophile
ackNowLEdgEmENT oENophiLE
-ackNowLEdgEmENT oENophiLE
acknowledgement oenophile
-ackNowLEdgEmENT oENophiLE
+acknowledgement oenophile
+acknowledgement oenophile
acknowledgement oenophile
Acknowledgement Oenophile
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OENOPHILE
+BE CONSERVATIVE IN WHAT YOU SEND AND LIBERAL IN WHAT YOU ACCEPT
+be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept
+Be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept
+Be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept
+be Conservative in what you send and Liberal in what you accept
+be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept
+Be Conservative in what you send and Liberal in what you accept
+BE CONSERVATIVE IN WHAT YOU SEND AND LIBERAL IN WHAT YOU ACCEPT
+Be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept
+BE CONSERVATIVE IN WHAT YOU SEND AND LIBERAL IN WHAT YOU ACCEPT
echo ${@^?}
echo ${@^^?}
+
+# make sure that multiple words in the string are handled as other expansions
+TEXT="Be Conservative in what you send and Liberal in what you accept"
+TEXT2="be conservative in what you send and liberal in what you accept"
+
+declare -u foo
+foo=$TEXT
+echo $foo
+
+declare -l bar
+bar=$TEXT
+echo $bar
+
+declare -c qux
+qux=$TEXT
+echo $qux
+qux=$TEXT2
+echo $qux
+
+echo ${TEXT,}
+echo ${TEXT,,}
+
+echo ${TEXT^}
+echo ${TEXT^^}
+
+echo ${TEXT2^}
+echo ${TEXT2^^}
aa=1
}
-./heredoc.tests: line 94: warning: here-document at line 92 delimited by end-of-file (wanted `EOF')
+foo is a function
+foo ()
+{
+ echo;
+ cat <<END
+bar
+END
+
+ cat <<EOF
+qux
+EOF
+
+}
+
+bar
+qux
+
+bar
+qux
+./heredoc.tests: line 96: warning: here-document at line 94 delimited by end-of-file (wanted `EOF')
hi
there
export -f fff
${THIS_SH} -c 'type fff'
+${THIS_SH} ./heredoc1.sub
+
# check that end of file delimits a here-document
# THIS MUST BE LAST!
--- /dev/null
+foo()
+{
+ echo
+ cat <<END
+bar
+END
+ cat <<EOF
+qux
+EOF
+}
+
+type foo
+foo
+
+eval "$(type foo | sed 1d)"
+foo
[e] abcdefghijklmnOp
[f] abcdefghijklmnoP
a
+0
1
2
3
14
15
16
-3
-6
-9
-12
-15
+2
+5
+8
+11
+14
[0] Abcdefghijklmnop
[1] aBcdefghijklmnop
[2] abCdefghijklmnop
[27] aaa
[28] aaa
[29] aaa
+1 2 3 4 5
+foo 0
+foo 1
+foo 2
+foo 3
+foo 4
for (( i = 0 ; i < ${#E[@]} ; i++ )); do
echo "${E[${i}]}"
done
+
+${THIS_SH} ./mapfile1.sub
--- /dev/null
+: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
+FILE=$TMPDIR/file
+
+trap 'rm -f $FILE' 0 1 2 3 6 15
+printf "%d\n" {1..20} > $FILE
+
+mapfile -n 5 array < $FILE
+echo ${array[@]}
+
+mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C "echo foo" array < $FILE
+mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C "echo foo" array < /dev/null
# test read with a timeout of 0 -- input polling
-
-echo abcde | { sleep 0.25 ; read -t 0; }
+# sleep with fractional seconds argument is not universal
+echo abcde | { sleep 0.25 2>/dev/null ; read -t 0; }
echo $?
read -t 0 < $0
-${THIS_SH} ./set-e-test > /tmp/xx
+${THIS_SH} ./set-e.tests > /tmp/xx
diff /tmp/xx set-e.right && rm -f /tmp/xx
after 1
a
0
+non-posix foo
+after brace group failure: 1
+A 1
+B 0
+C 0
+D 0
+D 1
+A 1
+B 0
+C 0
+D 0
+D 1
+A 1
+B 0
+C 0
+A 1
+B 1
+C 0
+B 0
+C 0
+after negation 1: 0
+after negation 2: 0
+after negation 3: 1
+after negation 4: 0
+after brace pipeline
+foo
+after failure 1
+after failure 2
+after failure 3
+true || false no exit
+false || true no exit
+false && false no exit
echo $?
rm -f $FN
+
+set +e
+
+${THIS_SH} ./set-e1.sub
+${THIS_SH} ./set-e2.sub
--- /dev/null
+# subshell failure should cause the shell to exit silently
+${THIS_SH} -ce '(exit 17) ; echo "after (exit 17): $?"'
+
+# pipeline failure should cause shell to exit silently
+${THIS_SH} -c 'set -e ; false | echo foo | while read x ; do ( exit 17 ) ; done; echo after pipeline subshell;'
+
+# should be silent in posix mode
+${THIS_SH} -c 'set -o posix; set -e ; z=$(false;echo posix foo) ; echo $z'
+# but echo foo in non-posix
+${THIS_SH} -c 'set -e ; z=$(false;echo non-posix foo) ; echo $z'
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'x=$(false) ; echo "x=\$(false) does not exit"'
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce '{ false; echo false in brace group does not exit; }'
+echo after brace group failure: $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce '(false ; echo A $?) && echo B $?; echo C $?'; echo D $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce '(false ; echo A $?) ; echo B $?; echo C $?'; echo D $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'f() (false ; echo A $?); f && echo B $?; echo C $?'; echo D $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'f() (false ; echo A $?) ; f; echo B $?; echo C $?'; echo D $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'if false; echo A $?; then echo B $?; fi'; echo C $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce '! { false; echo A $?; } | cat; echo B $?'; echo C $?
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce '{ false; echo A $?; } | cat ; echo B $?'; echo C $?
+
+set -e
+
+! false
+echo after negation 1: $?
+
+! false | false
+echo after negation 2: $?
+
+! true
+echo after negation 3: $?
+
+! (false)
+echo after negation 4: $?
+
+{ false ; echo foo; } | cat
+echo after brace pipeline
+
+false | echo foo | cat
+echo after failure 1
+
+false | (echo foo; false) | true
+echo after failure 2
+
+false | echo foo | while read x ; do ( exit 17 ) ; done | true
+echo after failure 3
+
+# this pipeline failure should cause the shell to exit
+false | echo foo | false
+echo after failure 4
--- /dev/null
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'true || false ; echo "true || false no exit"'
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'false || false ; echo "false || false no exit"'
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'false || true ; echo "false || true no exit"'
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'false && false ; echo "false && false no exit"'
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'true && false ; echo "true && false no exit"'
+
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'true && (exit 1) ; echo "true && (exit 1) no exit"'
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'true && true|false ; echo "true && true|false no exit"'
+${THIS_SH} -ce 'true && true|(false) ; echo "true && true|(false) no exit"'
else
{
token_state = save_token_state ();
- parse_and_execute (savestring (trap_list[sig]), "trap", SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+ parse_and_execute (savestring (trap_list[sig]), "trap", SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_RESETLINE);
restore_token_state (token_state);
free (token_state);
}
if (code == 0 && function_code == 0)
{
reset_parser ();
- parse_and_execute (trap_command, "exit trap", SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+ parse_and_execute (trap_command, "exit trap", SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_RESETLINE);
}
else if (code == ERREXIT)
retval = last_command_exit_value;
{
char *trap_command, *old_trap;
int trap_exit_value, *token_state;
- int save_return_catch_flag, function_code;
+ int save_return_catch_flag, function_code, flags;
procenv_t save_return_catch;
trap_exit_value = function_code = 0;
function_code = setjmp (return_catch);
}
+ flags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST;
+ if (sig != DEBUG_TRAP && sig != RETURN_TRAP)
+ flags |= SEVAL_RESETLINE;
if (function_code == 0)
- parse_and_execute (trap_command, tag, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+ parse_and_execute (trap_command, tag, flags);
restore_token_state (token_state);
free (token_state);
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
