[thirdparty/cups.git] / doc / help / policies.html

<HTML>
<!-- SECTION: Getting Started -->
<HEAD>
	<TITLE>Managing Operation Policies</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P>Operation policies are the rules used for each IPP operation
in CUPS. These rules include things like "user must provide a
password", "user must be in the system group", "allow only from
the local system", and so forth. Until CUPS 1.2, these rules were
largely hardcoded and could only be customized at a very basic
level.</P>

<P>CUPS 1.2 adds a new fine-grained policy layer which allows you
to completely redefine the rules for each operation and/or
printer. Each policy is named and defines access control rules
for each IPP operation. This document describes how to manage
policies and their rules.</P>

<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BASICS">The Basics</A></H2>

<P>Operation policies are used for all IPP requests sent to the
scheduler and are evaluated <em>after</em> the <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A> based
access control rules. This means that operation policies can only
add additional security restrictions to a request, never relax
them. Use <TT>Location</TT> based access control rules for
server-wide limits and operation policies for limits on
individual printers, tasks, or services.</P>

<P>Policies are stored in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file in <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Policy"><TT>Policy</TT></A> sections.
Each policy has an alphanumeric name that is used to select it.
Inside the policy section are one or more <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#LimitIPP"><TT>Limit</TT></A>
subsections which list the operations that are affected by the
rules inside it. <A HREF="#LISTING01">Listing 1</A> shows the
default operation policy, appropriately called "default", that is
shipped with CUPS.</P>

<P>The easiest way to add a policy to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR>
file is to use the web interface. Click on the
<VAR>Administration</VAR> tab and then the <VAR>Edit
Configuration File</VAR> button to edit the current
<VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. Click on the <VAR>Save Changes</VAR>
button to save the changes and restart the scheduler. If you edit
the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file from the console, make sure to <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html">restart the cupsd process</A> before
trying to use the new policy.</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
<EM>Listing 1: <A NAME="LISTING01">Default Operation Policy</A></EM>

 1    &lt;Policy default>
 2      # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an
      administrator...
 3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
      Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
      Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
      Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
      Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
      CUPS-Move-Job>
 4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
 5        Order deny,allow
 6      &lt;/Limit>
 7    
 8      # All administration operations require an administrator
      to authenticate...
 9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Class
      CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
10        AuthType Default
11        Require user @SYSTEM
12        Order deny,allow
13      &lt;/Limit>
14    
15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
      to authenticate...
16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
      Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
      Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
      Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
      Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
      Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
      CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
17        AuthType Default
18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
19        Order deny,allow
20      &lt;/Limit>
21    
22      # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or
      authenticate a job...
23      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
24        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
25        Order deny,allow
26      &lt;/Limit>
27    
28      &lt;Limit All>
29        Order deny,allow
30      &lt;/Limit>
31    &lt;/Policy>
</PRE>

<H3>The Default CUPS Operation Policy</H3>

<P>The policy definition starts with an opening <TT>Policy</TT>
directive:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
 1    &lt;Policy default>
</PRE>

<P>The first <TT>Limit</TT> subsection defines the rules for IPP
job operations:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
 3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
      Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
      Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
      Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
      Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
      CUPS-Move-Job>
 4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
 5        Order deny,allow
 6      &lt;/Limit>
</PRE>

<P>The operation names are listed on a single line
with spaces separating them. Each name corresponds to the IPP
operation described in any of the IETF or PWG standards documents
for the Internet Printing Protocol. <A HREF="#TABLE01">Table
1</A> lists all of the operations that have been defined along
with their usage in CUPS.</P>

<P>The access control rules are listed after the <TT>Limit</TT>
line and are the same as those used for <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A>
sections. In this case, we require the owner of the job
("@OWNER") or a member of the <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#SystemGroup"><TT>SystemGroup</TT></A>
("@SYSTEM") to do the operation. Because we do not include an <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A>
directive here, the user information can come from the IPP
request itself or the authenticated username from the HTTP
request. The administrative operations starting on line 9,
however, <em>do</em> use the <TT>AuthType</TT> directive, and so
administrative operations need to be authenticated:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
 9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Class
      CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
10        AuthType Default
11        Require user @SYSTEM
12        Order deny,allow
13      &lt;/Limit>
14    
15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
      to authenticate...
16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
      Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
      Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
      Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
      Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
      Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
      CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
17        AuthType Default
18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
19        Order deny,allow
20      &lt;/Limit>
</PRE>

<P>The "Order deny,allow" line at the end of both <TT>Limit</TT>
subsections allows the request to come from any system allowed by
the <TT>Location</TT> sections elsewhere in the
<VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file.</P>

<P>The <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> and <TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT>
operations are listed separately to allow the web interface to
more easily edit their policy without disturbing the rest. Like
the rest of the job operations, we want the job's owner
("@OWNER") or an administrator ("@SYSTEM") to do it:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
16      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
17        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
18        Order deny,allow
19      &lt;/Limit>
</PRE>

<P>The last <TT>Limit</TT> subsection in any policy uses the
special operation name <TT>All</TT>. CUPS will use the rules in
this subsection for any operation you don't list specifically in
the policy. In this case, all other operations are allowed
without a username or authentication:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
21      &lt;Limit All>
22        Order deny,allow
23      &lt;/Limit>
24    &lt;/Policy>
</PRE>


<DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="IPP Operation Names">
<CAPTION>Table 1: <A NAME="TABLE01">IPP Operation Names</A></CAPTION>
<THEAD>
<TR>
	<TH>Name</TH>
	<TH>Used by CUPS?</TH>
	<TH>Description</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Creates a print job with a single file.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-URI</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Create a print job with a single URI.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Validate-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Validates a print request before printing.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Creates a print job with no files or URIs.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Document</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Adds a file to a print job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-URI</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Adds a URI to a print job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Cancels a print job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets information and options associated with a job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of jobs.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets information and options associated with a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Holds a print job for printing.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Releases a print job for printing.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Reprints a print job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Purge-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Cancels all jobs on the server or a printer or class
	and removes the job history information.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Sets printer or class information; CUPS uses
	CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer and CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
	instead.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Changes job options.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Supported-Values</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Gets -supported attributes for a printer based on job
	options.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Printer-Subscription</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Creates an event subscription for a printer or the server.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job-Subscription</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Creates an event subscription for a job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscription-Attributes</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets information for an event subscription.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscriptions</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of event subscriptions.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Renew-Subscription</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Renews an event subscription that is about to expire.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Subscription</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Cancels an event subscription.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Notifications</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets (pending) events for an event subscription.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Notifications</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Sends events for an event subscription.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Support-Files</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Gets printer driver files for a Novell client.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Enable-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Disable-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Stops a printer or class after the current job is finished.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Holds new jobs submitted to a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Held-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Releases jobs that were held because of the
	Hold-New-Jobs operation.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Deactivate-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Deactivates a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Activate-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Activates a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Restarts a printer or class, resuming print jobs as needed.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Shutdown-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Powers a printer or class off.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Startup-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Powers a printer or class on.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Reprocess-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Reprints a job on a different printer or class; CUPS has the
	CUPS-Move-Job operation instead.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Current-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Cancels the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Suspend-Current-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Stops the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Resumes printing of a stopped job.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Promote-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Prints a job before others.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>Schedule-Job-After</TT></TD>
	<TD>No</TD>
	<TD>Prints a job after others.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Default</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Printers</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of printers and/or classes.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Adds or modifies a printer.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Printer</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Removes a printer.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Classes</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of classes.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Class</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Adds or modifies a class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Class</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Removes a class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Accept-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
	attribute to true.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Reject-Jobs</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
	attribute to false.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Set-Default</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Sets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Devices</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of printer devices.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-PPDs</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Gets a list of printer drivers or manufacturers.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Move-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Moves a job to a different printer or class.</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT></TD>
	<TD>Yes</TD>
	<TD>Authenticates a job for printing.</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE></DIV>


<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CREATING">Creating Your Own Policies</A></H2>

<P>The easiest way to create a new policy is to start with the
default policy and then make changes to the copy. The first
change you'll make is to give the policy a new name. Policy names
can use the same characters as a printer name, specifically all
printable characters except space, slash (/), and pound (#):</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
&lt;Policy mypolicy>
</PRE>

<P>Then you need to decide exactly what limits you want for the
policy. For example, if you want to allow any user to cancel any
other users' jobs, you can change the <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> limits
to:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
&lt;Limit Cancel-Job>
  Order deny,allow
&lt;/Limit>
</PRE>

<P>The directives inside the <TT>Limit</TT> subsection can use
any of the normal limiting directives: <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Allow"><TT>Allow</TT></A>, <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A>, <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Deny"><TT>Deny</TT></A>, <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Encryption"><TT>Encryption</TT></A>, <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Require"><TT>Require</TT></A>, and <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Satisfy"><TT>Satisfy</TT></A>. <A
HREF="#TABLE02">Table 2</A> lists some basic "recipes" for
different access control rules.</P>

<DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="Access Control Recipes">
<CAPTION>Table 2: <A NAME="TABLE02">Access Control Recipes</A></CAPTION>
<THEAD>
<TR>
	<TH>Access Level</TH>
	<TH>Directives to Use</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<TR>
	<TD>Allow Everyone</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
Allow from all</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Allow Everyone on the Local Network</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
Allow from @LOCAL</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Deny Everyone/Disable Operation(s)</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Order allow,deny
Deny from all</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require Login (System) Password</TD>
	<TD><PRE>AuthType Basic</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require CUPS (lppasswd) Password</TD>
	<TD><PRE>AuthType BasicDigest</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require the Owner of a Job or Subscription</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Require user @OWNER</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require an Administrative User</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Require user @SYSTEM</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require Member of Group "foogroup"</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Require user @foogroup</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require "john" or "mary"</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Require user john mary</PRE></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
	<TD>Require Encryption</TD>
	<TD><PRE>Encryption Required</PRE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></DIV>


<H3>Creating a Policy for a Computer Lab</H3>

<P>One common operating scenario is a computer lab. The lab is
managed by one or more technicians that assist the users of the
lab and handle the basic administration tasks. <A
HREF="#LISTING02">Listing 2</A> shows an operation policy that
only allows access from the lab's subnet, 10.0.2.x, and allows
the lab technicians, who are members of a special UNIX group for
that lab called "lab999", to do job, printer, and subscription
management operations.</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
<EM>Listing 2: <A NAME="LISTING02">Operation Policy for a Lab</A></EM>

 1    &lt;Policy lab999>
 2      # Job- and subscription-related operations must be done
      by the owner, a lab technician, or an administrator...
 3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
      Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
      Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
      Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
      Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
      CUPS-Move-Job Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
 4        Require user @OWNER @lab999 @SYSTEM
 5        Order allow,deny
 6        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 7      &lt;/Limit>
 8    
 9      # All administration operations require a lab technician
      or an administrator to authenticate...
10      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
      Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
      Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
      Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
      Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
      Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
      CUPS-Reject-Jobs CUPS-Set-Default>
11        AuthType Default
12        Require user @lab999 @SYSTEM
13        Order allow,deny
14        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
15      &lt;/Limit>
16
17      # All other operations are allowed from the lab network...
18      &lt;Limit All>
19        Order allow,deny
20        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
21      &lt;/Limit>
22    &lt;/Policy>
</PRE>


<H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="SELECT">Using Policies</A></H2>

<P>Once you have created a policy, you can use it in two ways.
The first way is to assign it as the default policy for the
system using the <A
HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#DefaultPolicy"><TT>DefaultPolicy</TT></A>
directive in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. For example, add the
following line to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file to use the
"lab999" policy from the previous section:</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
DefaultPolicy lab999
</PRE>

<P>To associate the policy with one or more printers, use either
the <A HREF="man-lpadmin.html">lpadmin(8)</A> command or the web
interface to change the operation policy for each printer. When
using the <B>lpadmin</B> command, the <TT>-o
printer-op-policy=name</TT> option sets the operation policy for
a printer. For example, enter the following command to use the
"lab999" policy from the previous section with a printer named
"LaserJet4000":</P>

<PRE CLASS="command">
lpadmin -p LaserJet4000 -o printer-op-policy=lab999
</PRE>

<P>To make the same change in the web interface, go to the
printer's web page, for example
"http://localhost:631/printers/LaserJet4000", and click on the
<VAR>Set Printer Options</VAR> button. Scroll down to the bottom
of the page and choose the desired policy from the pull-down
list. Click on <VAR>Set Printer Options</VAR> to change the policy for
the printer.</P>

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</HTML>