Merge changes from CUPS 1.4svn-r7961.

[thirdparty/cups.git] / backend / pap.c

/*
* "$Id: pap.c 7720 2008-07-11 22:46:21Z mike $"
*
* Copyright 2004-2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
* 
* IMPORTANT:  This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple Computer,
* Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following
* terms, and your use, installation, modification or redistribution of
* this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these terms.  If you do
* not agree with these terms, please do not use, install, modify or
* redistribute this Apple software.
* 
* In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and
* subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive
* license, under AppleÕs copyrights in this original Apple software (the
* "Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple
* Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms;
* provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and
* without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following
* text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software. 
* Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Computer,
* Inc. may be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple
* Software without specific prior written permission from Apple.  Except
* as expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express
* or implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to
* any patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by
* other works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated.
* 
* The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis.  APPLE
* MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND
* OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS.
* 
* IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL
* OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION,
* MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
* STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*
* This program implements the Printer Access Protocol (PAP) on top of AppleTalk 
* Transaction Protocol (ATP). If it were to use the blocking pap functions of 
* the AppleTalk library it would need seperate threads for reading, writing
* and status.
*
* Contents:
*
*  main()                - Send a file to the specified Appletalk printer.
*  listDevices()         - List all LaserWriter printers in the local zone.
*  printFile()           - Print file.
*  papOpen()             - Open a pap session to a printer.
*  papClose()            - Close a pap session.
*  papWrite()            - Write bytes to a printer.
*  papCloseResp()        - Send a pap close response.
*  papSendRequest()      - Fomrat and send a pap packet.
*  papCancelRequest()    - Cancel a pending pap request.
*  sidechannel_request() - Handle side-channel requests.
*  statusUpdate()        - Print printer status to stderr.
*  parseUri()            - Extract the print name and zone from a uri.
*  addPercentEscapes()   - Encode a string with percent escapes.
*  removePercentEscapes  - Remove percent escape sequences from a string.
*  nbptuple_compare()    - Compare routine for qsort.
*  okayToUseAppleTalk()  - Returns true if AppleTalk is available and enabled.
*  packet_name()         - Returns packet name string.
*  connectTimeout()      - Returns the connect timeout preference value.
*  signalHandler()       - handle SIGINT to close the session before quiting.
*/

/*
 * This backend uses deprecated APIs for AppleTalk; we know this, so
 * silence any warnings about it...
 */

#ifdef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
#  undef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
#endif /* MAX_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED */
#define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_0

#include <config.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>

#include <cups/cups.h>
#include <cups/backend.h>
#include <cups/sidechannel.h>
#include <cups/i18n.h>

#include <netat/appletalk.h>
#include <netat/atp.h>
#include <netat/ddp.h>
#include <netat/nbp.h>
#include <netat/pap.h>

#include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>

#ifdef HAVE_APPLETALK_AT_PROTO_H
#  include <AppleTalk/at_proto.h>
#else
/* These definitions come from at_proto.h... */
#  define ZIP_DEF_INTERFACE NULL
enum { RUNNING, NOTLOADED, LOADED, OTHERERROR };

extern int atp_abort(int fd, at_inet_t *dest, u_short tid);
extern int atp_close(int fd);
extern int atp_getreq(int fd, at_inet_t *src, char *buf, int *len, int *userdata, 
                      int *xo, u_short *tid, u_char *bitmap, int nowait);
extern int atp_getresp(int fd, u_short *tid, at_resp_t *resp);
extern int atp_look(int fd);
extern int atp_open(at_socket *sock);
extern int atp_sendreq(int fd, at_inet_t *dest, char *buf, int len, 
                       int userdata, int xo, int xo_relt, u_short *tid, 
                       at_resp_t *resp, at_retry_t *retry, int nowait);
extern int atp_sendrsp(int fd, at_inet_t *dest, int xo, u_short tid, 
                       at_resp_t *resp);
extern int checkATStack();
extern int nbp_lookup(at_entity_t *entity, at_nbptuple_t *buf, int max, 
                      at_retry_t *retry);
extern int nbp_make_entity(at_entity_t *entity, char *obj, char *type, 
                           char *zone);
extern int zip_getmyzone(char *ifName,  at_nvestr_t *zone);
#endif /* HAVE_APPLETALK_AT_PROTO_H */

#include <CoreFoundation/CFURL.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CFNumber.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CFPreferences.h>

/* Defines */
#define MAX_PRINTERS    500        /* Max number of printers we can lookup */
#define PAP_CONNID      0
#define PAP_TYPE        1
#define PAP_EOF         2

#define CONNID_OF(p)    (((u_char *)&p)[0])
#define TYPE_OF(p)      (((u_char *)&p)[1])
#define SEQUENCE_NUM(p) (((u_char *)&p)[2])
#define IS_PAP_EOF(p)   (((u_char *)&p)[2])

#ifndef true
#define true    1
#define false   0
#endif

/* Globals */
int       gSockfd       = 0;            /* Socket descriptor */
at_inet_t gSessionAddr  = { 0 };        /* Address of the session responding socket */
u_char    gConnID       = 0;            /* PAP session connection id */
u_short   gSendDataID   = 0;            /* Transaction id of pending send-data request  */
u_short   gTickleID     = 0;            /* Transaction id of outstanding tickle request*/
int       gWaitEOF      = false;        /* Option: wait for a remote's EOF  */
int       gStatusInterval= 5;           /* Option: 0=off else seconds between status requests*/
int       gErrorlogged  = false;        /* If an error was logged don't send any more INFO messages */
int       gDebug        = 0;            /* Option: emit debugging info    */

/* Local functions */
static int listDevices(void);
static int printFile(char* name, char* type, char* zone, int fdin, int fdout, 
                     int fderr, int copies, int argc);
static int papOpen(at_nbptuple_t* tuple, u_char* connID, int* fd, 
                   at_inet_t* pap_to, u_char* flowQuantum);
static int papClose();
static int papWrite(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, u_short tid, u_char connID, 
                    u_char flowQuantum, char* data, int len, int eof);
static int papCloseResp(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, int xo, u_short tid, 
                        u_char connID);
static int papSendRequest(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, u_char connID, 
                          int function, u_char bitmap, int xo, int seqno);
static int papCancelRequest(int sockfd, u_short tid);
static void sidechannel_request();
static void statusUpdate(char* status, u_char statusLen);
static int parseUri(const char* argv0, char* name, char* type, char* zone);
static int addPercentEscapes(const char* src, char* dst, int dstMax);
static int removePercentEscapes(const char* src, char* dst, int dstMax);
static int nbptuple_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2);
static int okayToUseAppleTalk(void);
static const char *packet_name(u_char x);
static int connectTimeout(void);
static void signalHandler(int sigraised);


/*!
 * @function  main
 * @abstract  Send a file to the specified AppleTalk PAP address.
 *
 * Usage:  printer-uri job-id user title copies options [file]
 *
 * @param  argc  # of arguments
 * @param  argv  array of arguments
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
  int   err = 0;
  FILE  *fp;                            /* Print file */
  int   copies;                         /* Number of copies to print */
  char  name[NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1];     /* +1 for a nul */
  char  type[NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1];     /* +1 for a nul */
  char  zone[NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1];     /* +1 for a nul */

  /* Make sure status messages are not buffered... */
  setbuf(stderr, NULL);

  if (argc == 1 || (argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "-discover") == 0))
  {
    listDevices();

    return 0;
  }

  if (argc < 6 || argc > 7)
  {
    _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                    _("Usage: %s job-id user title copies options [file]\n"),
                    argv[0]);
    return (CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED);
  }

  /* If we have 7 arguments, print the file named on the command-line.
  *  Otherwise, send stdin instead...
  */
  if (argc == 6)
  {
    fp   = stdin;
    copies = 1;
  }
  else
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: opening print file \"%s\"\n", argv[6]);

    /* Try to open the print file... */
    if ((fp = fopen(argv[6], "rb")) == NULL)
    {
      _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                      _("ERROR: Unable to open print file \"%s\": %s\n"),
                      argv[6], strerror(errno));
      return (CUPS_BACKEND_FAILED);
    }

    copies = atoi(argv[4]);
  }

  /* Extract the device name and options from the URI... */
  parseUri(cupsBackendDeviceURI((char **)argv), name, type, zone);

  err = printFile(name, type, zone, fileno(fp), STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO, copies, argc);

  if (fp != stdin)
    fclose(fp);

  /* Only clear the last status if there wasn't an error */
  if (err == noErr && !gErrorlogged)
    fprintf(stderr, "INFO:\n");

  return err;
}


/*!
 * @function  listDevices
 * @abstract  Print a list of all LaserWriter type devices registered in the default zone.
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int listDevices(void)
{
  int  i;
  int  numberFound;

  at_nvestr_t   at_zone;
  at_entity_t   entity;
  at_nbptuple_t buf[MAX_PRINTERS];
  at_retry_t    retry;
  char          name[NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE+1];
  char          encodedName[(3 * NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE) + 1];
  char          zone[NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE+1];
  char          encodedZone[(3 * NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE) + 1];

  /* Make sure it's okay to use appletalk */
  if (!okayToUseAppleTalk())
  {
    _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("INFO: AppleTalk disabled in System Preferences\n"));
    return -1;  /* Network is down */
  }

  if (zip_getmyzone(ZIP_DEF_INTERFACE, &at_zone))
  {
    _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to get default AppleTalk zone"));
    return -2;
  }

  memcpy(zone, at_zone.str, MIN(at_zone.len, sizeof(zone)-1));
  zone[MIN(at_zone.len, sizeof(zone)-1)] = '\0';

  _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("INFO: Using default AppleTalk zone \"%s\"\n"),
                  zone);

  addPercentEscapes(zone, encodedZone, sizeof(encodedZone));

  /* Look up all the printers in our zone */
  nbp_make_entity(&entity, "=", "LaserWriter", zone);
  retry.retries = 1;
  retry.interval = 1;
  retry.backoff = 1;

  if ((numberFound = nbp_lookup(&entity, buf, MAX_PRINTERS, &retry)) < 0)
  {
    _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to lookup AppleTalk printers"));
    return numberFound;
  }

  if (numberFound >= MAX_PRINTERS)
    _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                    _("WARNING: Adding only the first %d printers found"),
                    MAX_PRINTERS);

  /* Not required but sort them so they look nice */
  qsort(buf, numberFound, sizeof(at_nbptuple_t), nbptuple_compare);

  for (i = 0; i < numberFound; i++) 
  {
    memcpy(name, buf[i].enu_entity.object.str, MIN(buf[i].enu_entity.object.len, sizeof(name)-1));
    name[MIN(buf[i].enu_entity.object.len, sizeof(name)-1)] = '\0';

    if (addPercentEscapes(name, encodedName, sizeof(encodedName)) == 0)
    {
      /* Each line is of the form: "class URI "make model" "info" */
      char make_model[128],             /* Make and model */
           *ptr;


      if ((ptr = strchr(name, ' ')) != NULL)
      {
       /*
        * If the printer name contains spaces, it is probably a make and
        * model...
        */

        if (!strncmp(name, "ET00", 4))
        {
         /*
          * Drop leading ethernet address info...
          */

          strlcpy(make_model, ptr + 1, sizeof(make_model));
        }
        else
          strlcpy(make_model, name, sizeof(make_model));
      }
      else
        strcpy(make_model, "Unknown");

      printf("network pap://%s/%s/LaserWriter \"%s\" \"%s AppleTalk\"\n",
             encodedZone, encodedName, make_model, name);
    }
  }
  return numberFound;
}


/*!
 * @function  printFile
 * @abstract  Open a PAP session and send the data from the input socket to the printer.
 *
 * @param  name         NBP name
 * @param  zone         NBP zone
 * @param  type         NBP type
 * @param  fdin         File descriptor to read data from
 * @param  fdout        File descriptor to write printer responses to
 * @param  fderr        File descriptor to write printer status to
 * @param  copies       # of copies to send (in case in the converter couldn't handle this for us).
 * @param  argc         # of command line arguments.
 *
 * @result A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int printFile(char* name, char* type, char* zone, int fdin, int fdout, int fderr, int copies, int argc)
{
  int   err;
  int   rc;
  int   val;
  int   len, i;

  char  fileBuffer[4096];    /* File buffer */
  int   fileBufferNbytes;
  off_t fileTbytes;
  int   fileEOFRead;
  int   fileEOFSent;

  char  sockBuffer[4096 + 1];    /* Socket buffer with room for nul */
  char  atpReqBuf[AT_PAP_DATA_SIZE];
  fd_set readSet;
  int   use_sidechannel;        /* Use side channel? */

  at_nbptuple_t tuple;
  at_inet_t     sendDataAddr;
  at_inet_t     src;
  at_resp_t     resp;
  int           userdata, xo = 0, reqlen;
  u_short       tid;
  u_char        bitmap;
  int           maxfdp1,
                nbp_failures = 0;
  struct timeval timeout, *timeoutPtr;
  u_char        flowQuantum = 1;
  time_t        now,
                start_time,
                elasped_time, 
                sleep_time,
                connect_timeout = -1,
                nextStatusTime = 0;
  at_entity_t   entity;
  at_retry_t    retry;

#if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) && !defined(HAVE_SIGSET)
  struct sigaction action;  /* Actions for POSIX signals */
#endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION && !HAVE_SIGSET */

 /*
  * Test the side channel descriptor before calling papOpen() since it may open
  * an unused fd 4 (a.k.a. CUPS_SC_FD)...
  */

  FD_ZERO(&readSet);
  FD_SET(CUPS_SC_FD, &readSet);

  timeout.tv_sec  = 0;
  timeout.tv_usec = 0;

  if ((select(CUPS_SC_FD+1, &readSet, NULL, NULL, &timeout)) >= 0)
    use_sidechannel = 1;
  else
    use_sidechannel = 0;

  /* try to find our printer */
  if ((err = nbp_make_entity(&entity, name, type, zone)) != noErr)
  {
    _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to make AppleTalk address"));
    goto Exit;
  }

 /*
  * Remember when we started looking for the printer.
  */

  start_time = time(NULL);

  retry.interval = 1;
  retry.retries  = 5;
  retry.backoff  = 0;

  fprintf(stderr, "STATE: +connecting-to-device\n");

  /* Loop forever trying to get an open session with the printer.  */
  for (;;)
  {
    /* Make sure it's okay to use appletalk */
    if (okayToUseAppleTalk())
    {
      /* Clear this printer-state-reason in case we've set it */
      fprintf(stderr, "STATE: -apple-appletalk-disabled-warning\n");

      /* Resolve the name into an address. Returns the number found or an error */
      if ((err = nbp_lookup(&entity, &tuple, 1, &retry)) > 0)
      {
        if (err > 1)
          fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Found more than one printer with the name \"%s\"\n", name);

        if (nbp_failures)
        {
          fprintf(stderr, "STATE: -apple-nbp-lookup-warning\n");
          nbp_failures = 0;
        }

        /* Open a connection to the device */
        if ((err = papOpen(&tuple, &gConnID, &gSockfd, &gSessionAddr, &flowQuantum)) == 0)
          break;

        _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("WARNING: Unable to open \"%s:%s\": %s\n"),
                        name, zone, strerror(err));
      }
      else
      {
        /* It's not unusual to have to call nbp_lookup() twice before it's sucessful... */
        if (++nbp_failures > 2)
        {
          retry.interval = 2;
          retry.retries = 3;
          fprintf(stderr, "STATE: +apple-nbp-lookup-warning\n");
          _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("WARNING: Printer not responding\n"));
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      fprintf(stderr, "STATE: +apple-appletalk-disabled-warning\n");
      _cupsLangPuts(stderr,
                    _("INFO: AppleTalk disabled in System Preferences.\n"));
    }

    elasped_time = time(NULL) - start_time;

    if (connect_timeout == -1)
      connect_timeout = connectTimeout();

    if (connect_timeout && elasped_time > connect_timeout)
    {
      _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("ERROR: Printer not responding\n"));
      err = ETIMEDOUT;
      goto Exit;                                                /* Waiting too long... */
    }
    else if (elasped_time < (30 * 60))
      sleep_time = 10;                                  /* Waiting < 30 minutes */
    else if (elasped_time < (24 * 60 * 60))
      sleep_time = 30;                                  /* Waiting < 24 hours */
    else
      sleep_time = 60;                                  /* Waiting > 24 hours */

    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: sleeping %d seconds...\n", (int)sleep_time);
    sleep(sleep_time);
  }

  fprintf(stderr, "STATE: -connecting-to-device\n");

  /*
  * Now that we are connected to the printer ignore SIGTERM so that we
  * can finish out any page data the driver sends (e.g. to eject the
  * current page...  if we are printing data from a file then catch the
  * signal so we can send a PAP Close packet (otherwise you can't cancel 
  * raw jobs...)
  */

#ifdef HAVE_SIGSET /* Use System V signals over POSIX to avoid bugs */
  sigset(SIGTERM, (argc < 7) ? SIG_IGN : signalHandler);
#elif defined(HAVE_SIGACTION)
  memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));

  sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
  action.sa_handler = (argc < 7) ? SIG_IGN : signalHandler;
  sigaction(SIGTERM, &action, NULL);
#else
  signal(SIGTERM, (argc < 7) ? SIG_IGN : signalHandler);

#ifdef DEBUG
  /* Makes debugging easier; otherwise printer will be busy for several minutes */
  signal(SIGINT, signalHandler);
#endif /* DEBUG */

#endif /* HAVE_SIGSET */

  _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("INFO: Sending data\n"));

  sendDataAddr = tuple.enu_addr;

  /* Start the tickle packets and set a timeout alarm  */
  if ((err = papSendRequest(gSockfd, &gSessionAddr, gConnID, AT_PAP_TYPE_TICKLE, 0, false, false)) < 0)
  {
    _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to send PAP tickle request"));
    goto Exit;
  }
  signal(SIGALRM, signalHandler);
  alarm(PAP_TIMEOUT);

  /* Prime the pump with an initial send-data packet */
  if ((err = papSendRequest(gSockfd, &gSessionAddr, gConnID, AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_DATA, 0xFF, true, true)) < 0)
  {
    _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to send initial PAP send data request"));
    goto Exit;
  }

  /* Set non-blocking mode on our data source descriptor */
  val = fcntl(fdin, F_GETFL, 0);
  fcntl(fdin, F_SETFL, val | O_NONBLOCK);

  fileBufferNbytes = 0;
  fileTbytes = 0;
  fileEOFRead = fileEOFSent = false;

  maxfdp1 = MAX(fdin, gSockfd) + 1;

  if (use_sidechannel && CUPS_SC_FD >= maxfdp1)
    maxfdp1 = CUPS_SC_FD + 1;

  if (gStatusInterval != 0)
  {
    timeout.tv_usec  = 0;
    nextStatusTime = time(NULL) + gStatusInterval;
    timeoutPtr = &timeout;
  }
  else
    timeoutPtr = NULL;


  for (;;)
  {
    /* Set up our descriptors for the select */
    FD_ZERO(&readSet);
    FD_SET(gSockfd, &readSet);

    if (fileBufferNbytes == 0 && fileEOFRead == false)
      FD_SET(fdin, &readSet);

    if (use_sidechannel)
      FD_SET(CUPS_SC_FD, &readSet);

    /* Set the select timeout value based on the next status interval */
    if (gStatusInterval != 0)
    {
      now = time(NULL);
      timeout.tv_sec = (nextStatusTime > now) ? nextStatusTime - now : 1;
    }

    /* Wait here for something interesting to happen */
    if ((err = select(maxfdp1, &readSet, 0, 0, timeoutPtr)) < 0)
    {
      _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: select() failed"));
      break;
    }

    if (err == 0 || (gStatusInterval != 0 && time(NULL) >= nextStatusTime))
    {
      /* Time to send a status request */
      if ((err = papSendRequest(gSockfd, &tuple.enu_addr, 0, AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_STATUS, 0x01, false, false)) < 0)
        _cupsLangPrintError(_("WARNING: Unable to send PAP status request"));

      if (gStatusInterval)
        nextStatusTime = time(NULL) + gStatusInterval;
    }

   /*
    * Check if we have a side-channel request ready...
    */

    if (use_sidechannel && FD_ISSET(CUPS_SC_FD, &readSet))
      sidechannel_request();

    /* Was there an event on the input stream? */
    if (FD_ISSET(fdin, &readSet))
    {
      FD_CLR(fdin, &readSet);

      assert(fileBufferNbytes == 0);
      fileBufferNbytes = read(fdin, fileBuffer, MIN(sizeof(fileBuffer), AT_PAP_DATA_SIZE * flowQuantum));
      if (fileBufferNbytes == 0)
        fileEOFRead = true;

      if (fileEOFSent == false && fileBufferNbytes >= 0 && gSendDataID != 0)
      {
        fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: -> PAP_DATA %d bytes %s\n", fileBufferNbytes, fileEOFRead ? "with EOF" : "");
        papWrite(gSockfd, &sendDataAddr, gSendDataID, gConnID, flowQuantum, fileBuffer, fileBufferNbytes, fileEOFRead);

        fileTbytes += fileBufferNbytes;
        if (argc > 6 && !gErrorlogged)
          fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Sending print file, %qd bytes\n", (off_t)fileTbytes);

        fileBufferNbytes = 0;
        gSendDataID = 0;
        if (fileEOFRead)
        {
          fileEOFSent = true;
          if (gWaitEOF == false || fileTbytes == 0)
          {
            err = 0;
            goto Exit;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    /* Was there an event on the output stream? */
    if (FD_ISSET(gSockfd, &readSet))
    {
      if ((rc = atp_look(gSockfd)) < 0)
      {
        _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to look for PAP response"));
        break;
      }
  
      if (rc > 0)
      {
        /* It's an ATP response */
        resp.resp[0].iov_base = sockBuffer;
        resp.resp[0].iov_len = sizeof(sockBuffer) - 1;
        resp.bitmap = 0x01;
  
        if ((err = atp_getresp(gSockfd, &tid, &resp)) < 0)
        {
          _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to get PAP response"));
          break;
        }
        userdata = resp.userdata[0];
      }
      else
      {
        /* It's an ATP request */
        reqlen = sizeof(atpReqBuf);
        if ((err = atp_getreq(gSockfd, &src, atpReqBuf, &reqlen, &userdata, &xo, &tid, &bitmap, 0)) < 0)
        {
          _cupsLangPrintError(_("ERROR: Unable to get PAP request"));
          break;
        }
      }

      fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: <- %s\n", packet_name(TYPE_OF(userdata)));

      switch (TYPE_OF(userdata))
      {
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_STS_REPLY:        /* Send-Status-Reply packet */
        if (resp.bitmap & 1)
        {
          char *iov_base = (char *)resp.resp[0].iov_base;
          statusUpdate(&iov_base[5], iov_base[4]);
        }
        break;
      
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_DATA:            /* Send-Data packet */
        sendDataAddr.socket  = src.socket;
        gSendDataID     = tid;
        OSReadBigInt16(&SEQUENCE_NUM(userdata), 0);

        if ((fileBufferNbytes > 0 || fileEOFRead) && fileEOFSent == false)
        {
          fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: -> PAP_DATA %d bytes %s\n", fileBufferNbytes, fileEOFRead ? "with EOF" : "");
          papWrite(gSockfd, &sendDataAddr, gSendDataID, gConnID, flowQuantum, fileBuffer, fileBufferNbytes, fileEOFRead);

          fileTbytes += fileBufferNbytes;
          if (argc > 6 && !gErrorlogged)
            fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Sending print file, %qd bytes\n", (off_t)fileTbytes);

          fileBufferNbytes = 0;
          gSendDataID = 0;
          if (fileEOFRead)
          {
            fileEOFSent = true;
            if (gWaitEOF == false)
            {
              err = 0;
              goto Exit;
            }
          }
        }
        break;
    
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_DATA:              /* Data packet */
        for (len=0, i=0; i < ATP_TRESP_MAX; i++)
        {
          if (resp.bitmap & (1 << i))
            len += resp.resp[i].iov_len;
        }

        fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: <- PAP_DATA %d bytes %s\n", len, IS_PAP_EOF(userdata) ? "with EOF" : "");

        if (len > 0)
        {
          char *pLineBegin, *pCommentEnd, *pChar;
          char *logLevel;
          char logstr[512];
          int  logstrlen;
          
          cupsBackChannelWrite(sockBuffer, len, 1.0);
          
          sockBuffer[len] = '\0';     /* We always reserve room for the nul so we can use strstr() below*/
          pLineBegin = sockBuffer;
                                        
          /* If there are PostScript status comments in the buffer log them.
           *
           *  This logic shouldn't be in the backend but until we get backchannel
           *  data in CUPS 1.2 it has to live here.
           */
          while (pLineBegin < sockBuffer + len &&
               (pLineBegin = strstr(pLineBegin,    "%%[")) != NULL &&
               (pCommentEnd   = strstr(pLineBegin, "]%%")) != NULL)
          {
            pCommentEnd += 3;            /* Skip past "]%%" */
            *pCommentEnd = '\0';         /* There's always room for the nul */
            
            /* Strip the CRs & LFs before writing it to stderr */
            for (pChar = pLineBegin; pChar < pCommentEnd; pChar++)
              if (*pChar == '\r' || *pChar == '\n')
                *pChar = ' ';
                                                
            if (strncasecmp(pLineBegin, "%%[ Error:", 10) == 0)
            {
              /* logLevel should be "ERROR" here but this causes PrintCenter
              *  to pause the queue which in turn clears this error, which 
              *  restarts the job. So the job ends up in an infinite loop with
              *  the queue being held/un-held. Just make it DEBUG for now until
              *  we fix notifications later.
              */
              logLevel = "DEBUG";
              gErrorlogged = true;
            }
            else if (strncasecmp(pLineBegin, "%%[ Flushing", 12) == 0)
              logLevel = "DEBUG";
            else
              logLevel = "INFO";
            
            if ((logstrlen = snprintf(logstr, sizeof(logstr), "%s: %s\n", logLevel, pLineBegin)) >= sizeof(logstr))
            {
              /* If the string was trucnated make sure it has a linefeed before the nul */
              logstrlen = sizeof(logstr) - 1;
              logstr[logstrlen - 1] = '\n';
            }

            write(fderr, logstr, logstrlen);

            pLineBegin = pCommentEnd + 1;
          }
        }

        if (IS_PAP_EOF(userdata) != 0)
        {
          /* If this is EOF then were we expecting it? */
          if (fileEOFSent == true)
            goto Exit;
          else
          {
            _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("WARNING: Printer sent unexpected EOF\n"));
          }
        }

        if ((err = papSendRequest(gSockfd, &gSessionAddr, gConnID, AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_DATA, 0xFF, true, true)) < 0)
        {
          _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                          _("ERROR: Error %d sending PAPSendData request: %s\n"),
                          err, strerror(errno));
          goto Exit;
        }
        break;
      
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_TICKLE:            /* Tickle packet */
        break;
    
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN:          /* Close-Connection packet */
        /* We shouldn't normally see this. */
        papCloseResp(gSockfd, &gSessionAddr, xo, tid, gConnID);

        /* If this is EOF then were we expecting it? */
        if (fileEOFSent == true)
        {
          _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("WARNING: Printer sent unexpected EOF\n"));
        }
        else
        {
          _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("ERROR: Printer sent unexpected EOF\n"));
        }
        goto Exit;
        break;
    
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN:            /* Open-Connection packet */
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN_REPLY:        /* Open-Connection-Reply packet */
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_STATUS:          /* Send-Status packet */
      case AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN_REPLY:        /* Close-Connection-Reply packet */
        _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("WARNING: Unexpected PAP packet of type %d\n"),
                        TYPE_OF(userdata));
        break;
      
      default:
        _cupsLangPrintf(stderr, _("WARNING: Unknown PAP packet of type %d\n"),
                        TYPE_OF(userdata));
        break;
      }
    
      if (CONNID_OF(userdata) == gConnID)
      {
        /* Reset tickle timer */
        alarm(0);
        alarm(PAP_TIMEOUT);
      }
    }
  }

Exit:
  /*
  * Close the socket and return...
  */
  papClose();

  return err;
}


#pragma mark -
/*!
 * @function  papOpen
 * @abstract  Open a pap session to a printer.
 *
 * @param  tuple        nbp address of printer
 * @param  connID       returned pap connection id
 * @param  fd           returned socket descriptor
 * @param  sessionAddr  returned session address
 * @param  flowQuantum  returned flow quantum (usually 8)
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int papOpen(at_nbptuple_t* tuple, u_char* connID, int* fd, 
                   at_inet_t* sessionAddr, u_char* flowQuantum)
{
  int           result,
                open_result,
                userdata;
  time_t        tm,
                waitTime;
  char          data[10], 
                rdata[ATP_DATA_SIZE];
  u_char        *puserdata;
  at_socket     socketfd;
  at_resp_t     resp;
  at_retry_t    retry;

  result    = 0;
  socketfd  = 0;
  puserdata = (u_char *)&userdata;

  _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("INFO: Opening connection\n"));

  if ((*fd = atp_open(&socketfd)) < 0)
    return -1;

 /* 
  * Build the open connection request packet.
  */

  tm = time(NULL);
  srand(tm);

  *connID = (rand()&0xff) | 0x01;
  puserdata[0] = *connID;
  puserdata[1] = AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN;
  puserdata[2] = 0;
  puserdata[3] = 0;

  retry.interval = 2;
  retry.retries = 5;

  resp.bitmap = 0x01;
  resp.resp[0].iov_base = rdata;
  resp.resp[0].iov_len = sizeof(rdata);

  data[0] = socketfd;
  data[1] = 8;

  for (;;)
  {
    waitTime = time(NULL) - tm;
    OSWriteBigInt16(&data[2], 0, (u_short)waitTime);

    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: -> %s\n", packet_name(AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN));

    if (atp_sendreq(*fd, &tuple->enu_addr, data, 4, userdata, 1, 0, 
                    0, &resp, &retry, 0) < 0)
    {
      statusUpdate("Destination unreachable", 23);
      result = EHOSTUNREACH;
      break;
    }

    puserdata = (u_char *)&resp.userdata[0];
    open_result = OSReadBigInt16(&rdata[2], 0);

    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: <- %s, status %d\n", packet_name(puserdata[1]), 
            open_result);

   /*
    * Just for the sake of our sanity check the other fields in the packet
    */

    if (puserdata[1] != AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN_REPLY ||
        (open_result == 0 && (puserdata[0] & 0xff) != *connID))
    {
      result = EINVAL;
      break;
    }

    statusUpdate(&rdata[5], rdata[4] & 0xff);

   /*
    * if the connection established okay exit from the loop
    */

    if (open_result == 0)
      break;

    sleep(1);
  }

  if (result == 0)
  {
    /* Update the session address
    */
    sessionAddr->net  = tuple->enu_addr.net;
    sessionAddr->node  = tuple->enu_addr.node;
    sessionAddr->socket  = rdata[0];
    *flowQuantum    = rdata[1];
  }
  else
  {
    atp_close(*fd);
    *fd = 0;
    sleep(1);
  }

  return result;
}


/*!
 * @function  papClose
 * @abstract  End a PAP session by canceling outstanding send-data & tickle 
 *            transactions and sending a PAP close request.
 *
 * @result  A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int papClose()
{
  int           fd;
  u_short       tmpID;
  unsigned char rdata[ATP_DATA_SIZE];
  int           userdata;
  u_char        *puserdata = (u_char *)&userdata;
  at_resp_t     resp;
  at_retry_t    retry;

  if (gSockfd != 0)
  {
    fd = gSockfd;
    gSockfd = 0;

    alarm(0);
  
    /* Cancel the pending send-data and tickle trnsactions
    */
    if (gSendDataID)
    {
      tmpID = gSendDataID;
      gSendDataID = 0;
      papCancelRequest(fd, tmpID);
    }
  
    if (gTickleID)
    {
      tmpID = gTickleID;
      gTickleID = 0;
      papCancelRequest(fd, tmpID);
    }

    /* This is a workaround for bug #2735145. The problem is papWrite()
    *  returns before the ATP TRel arrives for it. If we send the pap close packet
    *  before this release then the printer can drop the last data packets. 
    *  The effect on an Epson printer is the last page doesn't print, on HP it 
    *  doesn't close the pap session.
    */
    if (gWaitEOF == false)
      sleep(2);

    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: -> %s\n", packet_name(AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN));
  
    puserdata[0] = gConnID;
    puserdata[1] = AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN;
    puserdata[2] = 0;
    puserdata[3] = 0;
  
    retry.interval = 2;
    retry.retries = 5;
  
    resp.bitmap = 0x01;
    resp.resp[0].iov_base = rdata;
    resp.resp[0].iov_len = sizeof(rdata);
  
    atp_sendreq(fd, &gSessionAddr, 0, 0, userdata, 1, 0, 0, &resp, &retry, 0);
  
    close(fd);
  }
  return noErr;
}


/*!
 * @function  papWrite
 * @abstract  Write bytes to a printer.
 *
 * @param  sockfd       socket descriptor
 * @param  dest         destination address
 * @param  tid          transaction id
 * @param  connID       connection id
 * @param  flowQuantum  returned flow quantum (usually 8)
 * @param  data         pointer to the data
 * @param  len          number of bytes to send
 * @param  eof          pap eof flag
 *
 * @result  A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int papWrite(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, u_short tid, u_char connID, u_char flowQuantum, char* data, int len, int eof)
{
  int           result;
  int           i;
  u_char*       puserdata;
  at_resp_t     resp;

  /* fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: papWrite(%d%s) to %d,%d,%d; %d\n", len, eof ? " EOF":"", dest->net, dest->node, dest->socket, connID); */

  if (len > AT_PAP_DATA_SIZE * flowQuantum)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: papWrite() len of %d is too big!\n", len);
    errno = E2BIG;
    return -1;
  }

  /*
  * Break up the outgoing data into a set of
  * response packets to reply to an incoming
  * PAP 'SENDDATA' request
  */
  for (i = 0; i < flowQuantum; i++)
  {
    resp.userdata[i] = 0;
    puserdata = (u_char *)&resp.userdata[i];

    puserdata[PAP_CONNID]  = connID;
    puserdata[PAP_TYPE]    = AT_PAP_TYPE_DATA;
    puserdata[PAP_EOF]    = eof ? 1 : 0;

    resp.resp[i].iov_base = (caddr_t)data;

    if (data)
      data += AT_PAP_DATA_SIZE;

    resp.resp[i].iov_len = MIN((int)len, (int)AT_PAP_DATA_SIZE);
    len -= resp.resp[i].iov_len;
    if (len == 0)
      break;
  }
  resp.bitmap = (1 << (i + 1)) - 1;

  /*
  *  Write out the data as a PAP 'DATA' response
  */
  errno = 0;
  if ((result = atp_sendrsp(sockfd, dest, true, tid, &resp)) < 0)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: atp_sendrsp() returns %d, errno %d \"%s\"\n", result, errno, strerror(errno));
    return -1;
  }
  return(0);
}


/*!
 * @function  papCloseResp
 * @abstract  Send a pap close response in the rare case we receive a close connection request.
 *
 * @param  sockfd       socket descriptor
 * @param  dest         destination address
 * @param  tid          transaction id
 * @param  connID       connection id
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int papCloseResp(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, int xo, u_short tid, u_char connID)
{
  int           result;
  at_resp_t     resp;

  resp.bitmap = 1;
  resp.userdata[0] = 0;

  ((u_char*)&resp.userdata[0])[PAP_CONNID]  = connID;
  ((u_char*)&resp.userdata[0])[PAP_TYPE]    = AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN_REPLY;

  resp.resp[0].iov_base = NULL;
  resp.resp[0].iov_len = 0;

  if ((result = atp_sendrsp(sockfd, dest, xo, tid, &resp)) < 0)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: atp_sendrsp() returns %d, errno %d \"%s\"\n", result, errno, strerror(errno));
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}


/*!
 * @function  papSendRequest
 * @abstract  Send a pap close response in the rare case we receive a close connection request.
 *
 * @param  sockfd       socket descriptor
 * @param  dest         destination address
 * @param  function     pap function
 * @param  bitmap       bitmap
 * @param  xo           exactly once
 * @param  seqno        sequence number
 *
 * @result  A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int papSendRequest(int sockfd, at_inet_t* dest, u_char connID, int function, u_char bitmap, int xo, int seqno)
{
  u_short       tid;
  int           err;
  sigset_t      sv, osv;
  int           userdata;
  u_char        *puserdata = (u_char *)&userdata;
  at_retry_t    retry;
  at_resp_t     resp;
  static u_short pap_send_count = 0;

  fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: -> %s\n", packet_name(function));

  puserdata[0] = connID;
  puserdata[1] = function;
  resp.bitmap = bitmap;
  retry.interval = 10;
  retry.retries = -1; /* was ATP_INFINITE_RETRIES */
  if (seqno)
  {
    pap_send_count++;
    if (pap_send_count == 0)
      pap_send_count = 1;

    OSWriteBigInt16(&puserdata[2], 0, pap_send_count);
  }
  else
    OSWriteBigInt16(&puserdata[2], 0, 0);

  sigemptyset(&sv);
  sigaddset(&sv, SIGIO);
  sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sv, &osv);

  err = atp_sendreq(sockfd, dest, 0, 0, userdata, xo, 0, &tid, &resp, &retry, 1);

  sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osv, NULL);

  return err;
}


/*!
 * @function  papCancelRequest
 * @abstract  Cancel a pending pap request.
 *
 * @param  sockfd       socket descriptor
 * @param  tid          transaction ID
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
int papCancelRequest(int sockfd, u_short tid)
{
  sigset_t      sv, osv;

  sigemptyset(&sv);
  sigaddset(&sv, SIGIO);
  sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sv, &osv);

  if (atp_abort(sockfd, NULL, tid) < 0)
  {
    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osv, NULL);
    return -1;
  }
  sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osv, NULL);

  return 0;
}


/*
 * 'sidechannel_request()' - Handle side-channel requests.
 */

static void
sidechannel_request()
{
  cups_sc_command_t     command;        /* Request command */
  cups_sc_status_t      status;         /* Request/response status */
  char                  data[2048];     /* Request/response data */
  int                   datalen;        /* Request/response data size */

  datalen = sizeof(data);

  if (cupsSideChannelRead(&command, &status, data, &datalen, 1.0))
  {
    fputs(_("WARNING: Failed to read side-channel request!\n"), stderr);
    return;
  }

  switch (command)
  {
    case CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_BIDI:          /* Is the connection bidirectional? */
        data[0] = 1;
        cupsSideChannelWrite(command, CUPS_SC_STATUS_OK, data, 1, 1.0);
        break;

    case CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_STATE:         /* Return device state */
        data[0] = CUPS_SC_STATE_ONLINE;
        cupsSideChannelWrite(command, CUPS_SC_STATUS_OK, data, 1, 1.0);
        break;

    case CUPS_SC_CMD_DRAIN_OUTPUT:      /* Drain all pending output */
    case CUPS_SC_CMD_SOFT_RESET:        /* Do a soft reset */
    case CUPS_SC_CMD_GET_DEVICE_ID:     /* Return IEEE-1284 device ID */
    default:
        cupsSideChannelWrite(command, CUPS_SC_STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, 
                             NULL, 0, 1.0);
        break;
  }
  return;
}


#pragma mark -
/*!
 * @function  statusUpdate
 * @abstract  Format and print a PAP status response to stderr.
 *
 * @param  status       The status response string
 * @param  statusLen    The length of the status response string
 */
void statusUpdate(char* status, u_char statusLen)
{
  static char   status_str[255];
  static u_char last_statusLen  = 0xFF;

  /* Only send this if the status has changed */
  if (statusLen != last_statusLen || memcmp(status, status_str, statusLen) != 0)
  {
    if (statusLen > sizeof(status_str)-1)
      statusLen = sizeof(status_str)-1;
    last_statusLen = statusLen;
    memcpy(status_str, status, statusLen);
    status_str[(int)statusLen] = '\0';
    
    /* 
     * Make sure the status string is in the form of a PostScript comment.
     */

    if (statusLen > 3 && memcmp(status, "%%[", 3) == 0)
      fprintf(stderr, "INFO: %s\n", status_str);
    else
      fprintf(stderr, "INFO: %%%%[ %s ]%%%%\n", status_str);
  }
  return;
}


/*!
 * @function  parseUri
 * @abstract  Parse a PAP URI into it's NBP components.
 *
 * @param  argv0        The PAP URI to parse
 * @param  name         NBP name
 * @param  zone         NBP zone
 * @param  type         NBP type
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int parseUri(const char* argv0, char* name, char* type, char* zone)
{
  char  method[255],            /* Method in URI */
        hostname[1024],         /* Hostname */
        username[255],          /* Username info (not used) */
        resource[1024],         /* Resource info (device and options) */
        *resourcePtr,
        *typePtr,
        *options,               /* Pointer to options */
        *optionName,            /* Name of option */
        *value,                 /* Value of option */
        sep;                    /* Separator character */
  int   port;                   /* Port number (not used) */
  int   statusInterval;         /* */

  /*
  * Extract the device name and options from the URI...
  */
  method[0] = username[0] = hostname[0] = resource[0] = '\0';
  port = 0;

  httpSeparateURI(HTTP_URI_CODING_NONE, argv0, method, sizeof(method), 
                  username, sizeof(username),
                  hostname, sizeof(hostname), &port,
                  resource, sizeof(resource));

  /*
  * See if there are any options...
  */
  if ((options = strchr(resource, '?')) != NULL)
  {
    /*
    * Yup, terminate the device name string and move to the first
    * character of the options...
    */
    *options++ = '\0';

    while (*options != '\0')
    {
     /*
      * Get the name...
      */

      optionName = options;

      while (*options && *options != '=' && *options != '+' && *options != '&')
        options ++;

      if ((sep = *options) != '\0')
        *options++ = '\0';

      if (sep == '=')
      {
       /*
        * Get the value...
        */

        value = options;

        while (*options && *options != '+' && *options != '&')
          options ++;

        if (*options)
          *options++ = '\0';
      }
      else
        value = (char *)"";

     /*
      * Process the option...
      */

      if (!strcasecmp(optionName, "waiteof"))
      {
       /*
        * Wait for the end of the print file?
        */

        if (!strcasecmp(value, "on") ||
            !strcasecmp(value, "yes") ||
            !strcasecmp(value, "true"))
        {
          gWaitEOF = true;
        }
        else if (!strcasecmp(value, "off") ||
                 !strcasecmp(value, "no") ||
                 !strcasecmp(value, "false"))
        {
          gWaitEOF = false;
        }
        else
        {
          _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                          _("WARNING: Boolean expected for waiteof option \"%s\"\n"),
                          value);
        }
      }
      else if (!strcasecmp(optionName, "status"))
      {
       /*
        * Set status reporting interval...
        */

        statusInterval = atoi(value);
        if (value[0] < '0' || value[0] > '9' || statusInterval < 0)
        {
          _cupsLangPrintf(stderr,
                          _("WARNING: number expected for status option \"%s\"\n"),
                          value);
        }
        else
        {
          gStatusInterval = statusInterval;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  resourcePtr = resource;

  if (*resourcePtr == '/')
    resourcePtr++;

 /* If the resource has a slash we assume the slash seperates the AppleTalk object
  * name from the AppleTalk type. If the slash is not present we assume the AppleTalk
  * type is LaserWriter.
  */

  typePtr = strchr(resourcePtr, '/');
  if (typePtr != NULL)
  {
    *typePtr++ = '\0';
  }
  else
  {
    typePtr = "LaserWriter";
  }

  removePercentEscapes(hostname, zone, NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1);
  removePercentEscapes(resourcePtr, name, NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1);
  removePercentEscapes(typePtr, type, NBP_NVE_STR_SIZE + 1);

  return 0;
}


/*!
 * @function  addPercentEscapes
 * @abstract  Encode a string with percent escapes
 *
 * @param  src          The source C string
 * @param  dst          Desination buffer
 * @param  dstMax       Size of desination buffer
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int addPercentEscapes(const char* src, char* dst, int dstMax)
{
  char  c;
  char  *dstEnd = dst + dstMax - 1;     /* -1 to leave room for the NUL */

  while (*src)
  {
    c = *src++;

    if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || 
        (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c == '.' || c == '-'  || c == '*' || c == '_'))
    {
      if (dst >= dstEnd)
        return -1;

      *dst++ = c;
    }
    else
    {
      if (dst >= dstEnd - 2)
        return -1;

      snprintf(dst, dstEnd - dst, "%%%02x", c);
      dst += 3;
    }
  }

  *dst = '\0';
  return 0;
}


/*!
 * @function  removePercentEscapes
 * @abstract  Returns a string with any percent escape sequences replaced with their equivalent character
 *
 * @param  src          Source buffer
 * @param  srclen       Number of bytes in source buffer
 * @param  dst          Desination buffer
 * @param  dstMax       Size of desination buffer
 *
 * @result    A non-zero return value for errors
 */
static int removePercentEscapes(const char* src, char* dst, int dstMax)
{
  int c;
  const char *dstEnd = dst + dstMax;

  while (*src && dst < dstEnd)
  {
    c = *src++;

    if (c == '%')
    {
      sscanf(src, "%02x", &c);
      src += 2;
    }
    *dst++ = (char)c;
  }

  if (dst >= dstEnd)
    return -1;

  *dst = '\0';
  return 0;
}


/*!
 * @function  nbptuple_compare
 * @abstract  An NBP comparator for qsort.
 *
 * @result    p1<p2: -1, p1=p2: 0, p1>p2: 1
 */
int nbptuple_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
  int result;
  int len = MIN(((at_nbptuple_t*)p1)->enu_entity.object.len, 
          ((at_nbptuple_t*)p2)->enu_entity.object.len);

  if ((result = memcmp(((at_nbptuple_t*)p1)->enu_entity.object.str, ((at_nbptuple_t*)p2)->enu_entity.object.str, len)) == 0)
  {
    if (((at_nbptuple_t*)p1)->enu_entity.object.len < ((at_nbptuple_t*)p2)->enu_entity.object.len)
      result = -1;
    else if (((at_nbptuple_t*)p1)->enu_entity.object.len > ((at_nbptuple_t*)p2)->enu_entity.object.len)
      result = 1;
    else
      result = 0;
  }
  return result;
}


/*!
 * @function  okayToUseAppleTalk
 * @abstract  Returns true if AppleTalk is available and enabled.
 *
 * @result    non-zero if AppleTalk is enabled
 */
static int okayToUseAppleTalk()
{
  int atStatus = checkATStack();
  
  /* I think the test should be:
   *    return atStatus == RUNNING || atStatus == LOADED;
   * but when I disable AppleTalk from the network control panel and
   * reboot, AppleTalk shows up as loaded. The test empirically becomes
   * the following:
   */
  return atStatus == RUNNING;
}


/*!
 * @function  packet_name
 * @abstract  Returns packet name string.
 *
 * @result    A string
 */
static const char *packet_name(u_char x)
{
  switch (x)
  {
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN:           return "PAP_OPEN_CONN";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_OPEN_CONN_REPLY:     return "PAP_OPEN_CONN_REPLY";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_DATA:           return "PAP_SEND_DATA";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_DATA:                return "PAP_DATA";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_TICKLE:              return "PAP_TICKLE";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN:          return "PAP_CLOSE_CONN";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_CLOSE_CONN_REPLY:    return "PAP_CLOSE_CONN_REPLY";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_STATUS:         return "PAP_SEND_STATUS";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_SEND_STS_REPLY:      return "PAP_SEND_STS_REPLY";
  case AT_PAP_TYPE_READ_LW:             return "PAP_READ_LW";
  }
  return "<Unknown>";
}


/*!
 * @function  connectTimeout
 * @abstract  Returns the connect timeout preference value.
 */
static int connectTimeout()
{
  CFPropertyListRef value;
  SInt32 connect_timeout = (7 * 24 * 60 * 60);  /* Default timeout is one week... */

  value = CFPreferencesCopyValue(CFSTR("timeout"), CFSTR("com.apple.print.backends"),
                                 kCFPreferencesAnyUser, kCFPreferencesCurrentHost);
  if (value != NULL)
  {
    if (CFGetTypeID(value) == CFNumberGetTypeID())
      CFNumberGetValue(value, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &connect_timeout);

    CFRelease(value);
  }

  return connect_timeout;
}


/*!
 * @function  signalHandler
 * @abstract  A signal handler so we can clean up the pap session before exiting.
 *
 * @param  sigraised    The signal raised
 *
 * @result    Never returns
 */
static void signalHandler(int sigraised)
{
  _cupsLangPuts(stderr, _("ERROR: There was a timeout error while sending data to the printer\n"));

  papClose();

  _exit(1);
}