doc/help/policies.html

   1 <HTML>
   2 <!-- SECTION: Getting Started -->
   3 <HEAD>
   4         <TITLE>Managing Operation Policies</TITLE>
   5 </HEAD>
   6 <BODY>
   7
   8 <P>Operation policies are the rules used for each IPP operation
   9 in CUPS. These rules include things like "user must provide a
  10 password", "user must be in the system group", "allow only from
  11 the local system", and so forth. Until CUPS 1.2, these rules were
  12 largely hardcoded and could only be customized at a very basic
  13 level.</P>
  14
  15 <P>CUPS 1.2 adds a new fine-grained policy layer which allows you
  16 to completely redefine the rules for each operation and/or
  17 printer. Each policy is named and defines access control rules
  18 for each IPP operation. This document describes how to manage
  19 policies and their rules.</P>
  20
  21 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BASICS">The Basics</A></H2>
  22
  23 <P>Operation policies are used for all IPP requests sent to the
  24 scheduler and are evaluated <em>after</em> the <A
  25 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A> based
  26 access control rules. This means that operation policies can only
  27 add additional security restrictions to a request, never relax
  28 them. Use <TT>Location</TT> based access control rules for
  29 server-wide limits and operation policies for limits on
  30 individual printers, tasks, or services.</P>
  31
  32 <P>Policies are stored in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file in <A
  33 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Policy"><TT>Policy</TT></A> sections.
  34 Each policy has an alphanumeric name that is used to select it.
  35 Inside the policy section are one or more <A
  36 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#LimitIPP"><TT>Limit</TT></A>
  37 subsections which list the operations that are affected by the
  38 rules inside it. <A HREF="#LISTING01">Listing 1</A> shows the
  39 default operation policy, appropriately called "default", that is
  40 shipped with CUPS.</P>
  41
  42 <P>The easiest way to add a policy to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR>
  43 file is to use the web interface. Click on the
  44 <VAR>Administration</VAR> tab and then the <VAR>Edit
  45 Configuration File</VAR> button to edit the current
  46 <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. Click on the <VAR>Save Changes</VAR>
  47 button to save the changes and restart the scheduler. If you edit
  48 the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file from the console, make sure to <A
  49 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html">restart the cupsd process</A> before
  50 trying to use the new policy.</P>
  51
  52 <PRE CLASS="example">
  53 <EM>Listing 1: <A NAME="LISTING01">Default Operation Policy</A></EM>
  54
  55  1    &lt;Policy default>
  56  2      # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an
  57       administrator...
  58  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
  59       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
  60       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
  61       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
  62       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
  63       CUPS-Move-Job>
  64  4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
  65  5        Order deny,allow
  66  6      &lt;/Limit>
  67  7
  68  8      # All administration operations require an administrator
  69       to authenticate...
  70  9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Class
  71       CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
  72 10        AuthType Default
  73 11        Require user @SYSTEM
  74 12        Order deny,allow
  75 13      &lt;/Limit>
  76 14
  77 15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
  78       to authenticate...
  79 16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
  80       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
  81       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
  82       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
  83       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
  84       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
  85       CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
  86 17        AuthType Default
  87 18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
  88 19        Order deny,allow
  89 20      &lt;/Limit>
  90 21
  91 22      # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or
  92       authenticate a job...
  93 23      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
  94 24        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
  95 25        Order deny,allow
  96 26      &lt;/Limit>
  97 27
  98 28      &lt;Limit All>
  99 29        Order deny,allow
 100 30      &lt;/Limit>
 101 31    &lt;/Policy>
 102 </PRE>
 103
 104 <H3>The Default CUPS Operation Policy</H3>
 105
 106 <P>The policy definition starts with an opening <TT>Policy</TT>
 107 directive:</P>
 108
 109 <PRE CLASS="example">
 110  1    &lt;Policy default>
 111 </PRE>
 112
 113 <P>The first <TT>Limit</TT> subsection defines the rules for IPP
 114 job operations:</P>
 115
 116 <PRE CLASS="example">
 117  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
 118       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
 119       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
 120       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
 121       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
 122       CUPS-Move-Job>
 123  4        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
 124  5        Order deny,allow
 125  6      &lt;/Limit>
 126 </PRE>
 127
 128 <P>The operation names are listed on a single line
 129 with spaces separating them. Each name corresponds to the IPP
 130 operation described in any of the IETF or PWG standards documents
 131 for the Internet Printing Protocol. <A HREF="#TABLE01">Table
 132 1</A> lists all of the operations that have been defined along
 133 with their usage in CUPS.</P>
 134
 135 <P>The access control rules are listed after the <TT>Limit</TT>
 136 line and are the same as those used for <A
 137 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Location"><TT>Location</TT></A>
 138 sections. In this case, we require the owner of the job
 139 ("@OWNER") or a member of the <A
 140 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#SystemGroup"><TT>SystemGroup</TT></A>
 141 ("@SYSTEM") to do the operation. Because we do not include an <A
 142 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A>
 143 directive here, the user information can come from the IPP
 144 request itself or the authenticated username from the HTTP
 145 request. The administrative operations starting on line 9,
 146 however, <em>do</em> use the <TT>AuthType</TT> directive, and so
 147 administrative operations need to be authenticated:</P>
 148
 149 <PRE CLASS="example">
 150  9      &lt;Limit CUPS-Add-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Class
 151       CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default>
 152 10        AuthType Default
 153 11        Require user @SYSTEM
 154 12        Order deny,allow
 155 13      &lt;/Limit>
 156 14
 157 15      # All printer operations require a printer operator
 158       to authenticate...
 159 16      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
 160       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
 161       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
 162       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
 163       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
 164       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
 165       CUPS-Reject-Jobs>
 166 17        AuthType Default
 167 18        Require user <em>varies by OS</em>
 168 19        Order deny,allow
 169 20      &lt;/Limit>
 170 </PRE>
 171
 172 <P>The "Order deny,allow" line at the end of both <TT>Limit</TT>
 173 subsections allows the request to come from any system allowed by
 174 the <TT>Location</TT> sections elsewhere in the
 175 <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file.</P>
 176
 177 <P>The <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> and <TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT>
 178 operations are listed separately to allow the web interface to
 179 more easily edit their policy without disturbing the rest. Like
 180 the rest of the job operations, we want the job's owner
 181 ("@OWNER") or an administrator ("@SYSTEM") to do it:</P>
 182
 183 <PRE CLASS="example">
 184 16      &lt;Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
 185 17        Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
 186 18        Order deny,allow
 187 19      &lt;/Limit>
 188 </PRE>
 189
 190 <P>The last <TT>Limit</TT> subsection in any policy uses the
 191 special operation name <TT>All</TT>. CUPS will use the rules in
 192 this subsection for any operation you don't list specifically in
 193 the policy. In this case, all other operations are allowed
 194 without a username or authentication:</P>
 195
 196 <PRE CLASS="example">
 197 21      &lt;Limit All>
 198 22        Order deny,allow
 199 23      &lt;/Limit>
 200 24    &lt;/Policy>
 201 </PRE>
 202
 203
 204 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="IPP Operation Names">
 205 <CAPTION>Table 1: <A NAME="TABLE01">IPP Operation Names</A></CAPTION>
 206 <THEAD>
 207 <TR>
 208         <TH>Name</TH>
 209         <TH>Used by CUPS?</TH>
 210         <TH>Description</TH>
 211 </TR>
 212 </THEAD>
 213 <TBODY>
 214 <TR>
 215         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-Job</TT></TD>
 216         <TD>Yes</TD>
 217         <TD>Creates a print job with a single file.</TD>
 218 </TR>
 219 <TR>
 220         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Print-URI</TT></TD>
 221         <TD>No</TD>
 222         <TD>Create a print job with a single URI.</TD>
 223 </TR>
 224 <TR>
 225         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Validate-Job</TT></TD>
 226         <TD>Yes</TD>
 227         <TD>Validates a print request before printing.</TD>
 228 </TR>
 229 <TR>
 230         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job</TT></TD>
 231         <TD>Yes</TD>
 232         <TD>Creates a print job with no files or URIs.</TD>
 233 </TR>
 234 <TR>
 235         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Document</TT></TD>
 236         <TD>Yes</TD>
 237         <TD>Adds a file to a print job.</TD>
 238 </TR>
 239 <TR>
 240         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-URI</TT></TD>
 241         <TD>No</TD>
 242         <TD>Adds a URI to a print job.</TD>
 243 </TR>
 244 <TR>
 245         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Job</TT></TD>
 246         <TD>Yes</TD>
 247         <TD>Cancels a print job.</TD>
 248 </TR>
 249 <TR>
 250         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
 251         <TD>Yes</TD>
 252         <TD>Gets information and options associated with a job.</TD>
 253 </TR>
 254 <TR>
 255         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Jobs</TT></TD>
 256         <TD>Yes</TD>
 257         <TD>Gets a list of jobs.</TD>
 258 </TR>
 259 <TR>
 260         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
 261         <TD>Yes</TD>
 262         <TD>Gets information and options associated with a printer or class.</TD>
 263 </TR>
 264 <TR>
 265         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-Job</TT></TD>
 266         <TD>Yes</TD>
 267         <TD>Holds a print job for printing.</TD>
 268 </TR>
 269 <TR>
 270         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Job</TT></TD>
 271         <TD>Yes</TD>
 272         <TD>Releases a print job for printing.</TD>
 273 </TR>
 274 <TR>
 275         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Job</TT></TD>
 276         <TD>Yes</TD>
 277         <TD>Reprints a print job.</TD>
 278 </TR>
 279 <TR>
 280         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer</TT></TD>
 281         <TD>Yes</TD>
 282         <TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
 283 </TR>
 284 <TR>
 285         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Printer</TT></TD>
 286         <TD>Yes</TD>
 287         <TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
 288 </TR>
 289 <TR>
 290         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Purge-Jobs</TT></TD>
 291         <TD>Yes</TD>
 292         <TD>Cancels all jobs on the server or a printer or class
 293         and removes the job history information.</TD>
 294 </TR>
 295 <TR>
 296         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Printer-Attributes</TT></TD>
 297         <TD>No</TD>
 298         <TD>Sets printer or class information; CUPS uses
 299         CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer and CUPS-Add-Modify-Class
 300         instead.</TD>
 301 </TR>
 302 <TR>
 303         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Set-Job-Attributes</TT></TD>
 304         <TD>Yes</TD>
 305         <TD>Changes job options.</TD>
 306 </TR>
 307 <TR>
 308         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Supported-Values</TT></TD>
 309         <TD>No</TD>
 310         <TD>Gets -supported attributes for a printer based on job
 311         options.</TD>
 312 </TR>
 313 <TR>
 314         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Printer-Subscription</TT></TD>
 315         <TD>Yes</TD>
 316         <TD>Creates an event subscription for a printer or the server.</TD>
 317 </TR>
 318 <TR>
 319         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Create-Job-Subscription</TT></TD>
 320         <TD>Yes</TD>
 321         <TD>Creates an event subscription for a job.</TD>
 322 </TR>
 323 <TR>
 324         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscription-Attributes</TT></TD>
 325         <TD>Yes</TD>
 326         <TD>Gets information for an event subscription.</TD>
 327 </TR>
 328 <TR>
 329         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Subscriptions</TT></TD>
 330         <TD>Yes</TD>
 331         <TD>Gets a list of event subscriptions.</TD>
 332 </TR>
 333 <TR>
 334         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Renew-Subscription</TT></TD>
 335         <TD>Yes</TD>
 336         <TD>Renews an event subscription that is about to expire.</TD>
 337 </TR>
 338 <TR>
 339         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Subscription</TT></TD>
 340         <TD>Yes</TD>
 341         <TD>Cancels an event subscription.</TD>
 342 </TR>
 343 <TR>
 344         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Notifications</TT></TD>
 345         <TD>Yes</TD>
 346         <TD>Gets (pending) events for an event subscription.</TD>
 347 </TR>
 348 <TR>
 349         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Send-Notifications</TT></TD>
 350         <TD>No</TD>
 351         <TD>Sends events for an event subscription.</TD>
 352 </TR>
 353 <TR>
 354         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Get-Printer-Support-Files</TT></TD>
 355         <TD>No</TD>
 356         <TD>Gets printer driver files for a Novell client.</TD>
 357 </TR>
 358 <TR>
 359         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Enable-Printer</TT></TD>
 360         <TD>Yes</TD>
 361         <TD>Starts a printer or class.</TD>
 362 </TR>
 363 <TR>
 364         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Disable-Printer</TT></TD>
 365         <TD>Yes</TD>
 366         <TD>Stops a printer or class.</TD>
 367 </TR>
 368 <TR>
 369         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 370         <TD>No</TD>
 371         <TD>Stops a printer or class after the current job is finished.</TD>
 372 </TR>
 373 <TR>
 374         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Hold-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
 375         <TD>No</TD>
 376         <TD>Holds new jobs submitted to a printer or class.</TD>
 377 </TR>
 378 <TR>
 379         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Release-Held-New-Jobs</TT></TD>
 380         <TD>No</TD>
 381         <TD>Releases jobs that were held because of the
 382         Hold-New-Jobs operation.</TD>
 383 </TR>
 384 <TR>
 385         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Deactivate-Printer</TT></TD>
 386         <TD>No</TD>
 387         <TD>Deactivates a printer or class.</TD>
 388 </TR>
 389 <TR>
 390         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Activate-Printer</TT></TD>
 391         <TD>No</TD>
 392         <TD>Activates a printer or class.</TD>
 393 </TR>
 394 <TR>
 395         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Restart-Printer</TT></TD>
 396         <TD>No</TD>
 397         <TD>Restarts a printer or class, resuming print jobs as needed.</TD>
 398 </TR>
 399 <TR>
 400         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Shutdown-Printer</TT></TD>
 401         <TD>No</TD>
 402         <TD>Powers a printer or class off.</TD>
 403 </TR>
 404 <TR>
 405         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Startup-Printer</TT></TD>
 406         <TD>No</TD>
 407         <TD>Powers a printer or class on.</TD>
 408 </TR>
 409 <TR>
 410         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Reprocess-Job</TT></TD>
 411         <TD>No</TD>
 412         <TD>Reprints a job on a different printer or class; CUPS has the
 413         CUPS-Move-Job operation instead.</TD>
 414 </TR>
 415 <TR>
 416         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Cancel-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 417         <TD>No</TD>
 418         <TD>Cancels the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
 419 </TR>
 420 <TR>
 421         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Suspend-Current-Job</TT></TD>
 422         <TD>No</TD>
 423         <TD>Stops the current job on a printer or class.</TD>
 424 </TR>
 425 <TR>
 426         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Resume-Job</TT></TD>
 427         <TD>No</TD>
 428         <TD>Resumes printing of a stopped job.</TD>
 429 </TR>
 430 <TR>
 431         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Promote-Job</TT></TD>
 432         <TD>No</TD>
 433         <TD>Prints a job before others.</TD>
 434 </TR>
 435 <TR>
 436         <TD NOWRAP><TT>Schedule-Job-After</TT></TD>
 437         <TD>No</TD>
 438         <TD>Prints a job after others.</TD>
 439 </TR>
 440 <TR>
 441         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Default</TT></TD>
 442         <TD>Yes</TD>
 443         <TD>Gets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
 444 </TR>
 445 <TR>
 446         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Printers</TT></TD>
 447         <TD>Yes</TD>
 448         <TD>Gets a list of printers and/or classes.</TD>
 449 </TR>
 450 <TR>
 451         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer</TT></TD>
 452         <TD>Yes</TD>
 453         <TD>Adds or modifies a printer.</TD>
 454 </TR>
 455 <TR>
 456         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Printer</TT></TD>
 457         <TD>Yes</TD>
 458         <TD>Removes a printer.</TD>
 459 </TR>
 460 <TR>
 461         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Classes</TT></TD>
 462         <TD>Yes</TD>
 463         <TD>Gets a list of classes.</TD>
 464 </TR>
 465 <TR>
 466         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Add-Modify-Class</TT></TD>
 467         <TD>Yes</TD>
 468         <TD>Adds or modifies a class.</TD>
 469 </TR>
 470 <TR>
 471         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Delete-Class</TT></TD>
 472         <TD>Yes</TD>
 473         <TD>Removes a class.</TD>
 474 </TR>
 475 <TR>
 476         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Accept-Jobs</TT></TD>
 477         <TD>Yes</TD>
 478         <TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
 479         attribute to true.</TD>
 480 </TR>
 481 <TR>
 482         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Reject-Jobs</TT></TD>
 483         <TD>Yes</TD>
 484         <TD>Sets a printer's or class' printer-is-accepting-jobs
 485         attribute to false.</TD>
 486 </TR>
 487 <TR>
 488         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Set-Default</TT></TD>
 489         <TD>Yes</TD>
 490         <TD>Sets the server/network default printer or class.</TD>
 491 </TR>
 492 <TR>
 493         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-Devices</TT></TD>
 494         <TD>Yes</TD>
 495         <TD>Gets a list of printer devices.</TD>
 496 </TR>
 497 <TR>
 498         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Get-PPDs</TT></TD>
 499         <TD>Yes</TD>
 500         <TD>Gets a list of printer drivers or manufacturers.</TD>
 501 </TR>
 502 <TR>
 503         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Move-Job</TT></TD>
 504         <TD>Yes</TD>
 505         <TD>Moves a job to a different printer or class.</TD>
 506 </TR>
 507 <TR>
 508         <TD NOWRAP><TT>CUPS-Authenticate-Job</TT></TD>
 509         <TD>Yes</TD>
 510         <TD>Authenticates a job for printing.</TD>
 511 </TR>
 512 </TBODY>
 513 </TABLE></DIV>
 514
 515
 516 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CREATING">Creating Your Own Policies</A></H2>
 517
 518 <P>The easiest way to create a new policy is to start with the
 519 default policy and then make changes to the copy. The first
 520 change you'll make is to give the policy a new name. Policy names
 521 can use the same characters as a printer name, specifically all
 522 printable characters except space, slash (/), and pound (#):</P>
 523
 524 <PRE CLASS="example">
 525 &lt;Policy mypolicy>
 526 </PRE>
 527
 528 <P>Then you need to decide exactly what limits you want for the
 529 policy. For example, if you want to allow any user to cancel any
 530 other users' jobs, you can change the <TT>Cancel-Job</TT> limits
 531 to:</P>
 532
 533 <PRE CLASS="example">
 534 &lt;Limit Cancel-Job>
 535   Order deny,allow
 536 &lt;/Limit>
 537 </PRE>
 538
 539 <P>The directives inside the <TT>Limit</TT> subsection can use
 540 any of the normal limiting directives: <A
 541 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Allow"><TT>Allow</TT></A>, <A
 542 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#AuthType"><TT>AuthType</TT></A>, <A
 543 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Deny"><TT>Deny</TT></A>, <A
 544 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Encryption"><TT>Encryption</TT></A>, <A
 545 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Require"><TT>Require</TT></A>, and <A
 546 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#Satisfy"><TT>Satisfy</TT></A>. <A
 547 HREF="#TABLE02">Table 2</A> lists some basic "recipes" for
 548 different access control rules.</P>
 549
 550 <DIV CLASS="table"><TABLE WIDTH="80%" SUMMARY="Access Control Recipes">
 551 <CAPTION>Table 2: <A NAME="TABLE02">Access Control Recipes</A></CAPTION>
 552 <THEAD>
 553 <TR>
 554         <TH>Access Level</TH>
 555         <TH>Directives to Use</TH>
 556 </TR>
 557 </THEAD>
 558 <TBODY>
 559 <TR>
 560         <TD>Allow Everyone</TD>
 561         <TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
 562 Allow from all</PRE></TD>
 563 </TR>
 564 <TR>
 565         <TD>Allow Everyone on the Local Network</TD>
 566         <TD><PRE>Order deny,allow
 567 Allow from @LOCAL</PRE></TD>
 568 </TR>
 569 <TR>
 570         <TD>Deny Everyone/Disable Operation(s)</TD>
 571         <TD><PRE>Order allow,deny
 572 Deny from all</PRE></TD>
 573 </TR>
 574 <TR>
 575         <TD>Require Login (System) Password</TD>
 576         <TD><PRE>AuthType Basic</PRE></TD>
 577 </TR>
 578 <TR>
 579         <TD>Require CUPS (lppasswd) Password</TD>
 580         <TD><PRE>AuthType BasicDigest</PRE></TD>
 581 </TR>
 582 <TR>
 583         <TD>Require the Owner of a Job or Subscription</TD>
 584         <TD><PRE>Require user @OWNER</PRE></TD>
 585 </TR>
 586 <TR>
 587         <TD>Require an Administrative User</TD>
 588         <TD><PRE>Require user @SYSTEM</PRE></TD>
 589 </TR>
 590 <TR>
 591         <TD>Require Member of Group "foogroup"</TD>
 592         <TD><PRE>Require user @foogroup</PRE></TD>
 593 </TR>
 594 <TR>
 595         <TD>Require "john" or "mary"</TD>
 596         <TD><PRE>Require user john mary</PRE></TD>
 597 </TR>
 598 <TR>
 599         <TD>Require Encryption</TD>
 600         <TD><PRE>Encryption Required</PRE></TD>
 601 </TR>
 602 </TABLE></DIV>
 603
 604
 605 <H3>Creating a Policy for a Computer Lab</H3>
 606
 607 <P>One common operating scenario is a computer lab. The lab is
 608 managed by one or more technicians that assist the users of the
 609 lab and handle the basic administration tasks. <A
 610 HREF="#LISTING02">Listing 2</A> shows an operation policy that
 611 only allows access from the lab's subnet, 10.0.2.x, and allows
 612 the lab technicians, who are members of a special UNIX group for
 613 that lab called "lab999", to do job, printer, and subscription
 614 management operations.</P>
 615
 616 <PRE CLASS="example">
 617 <EM>Listing 2: <A NAME="LISTING02">Operation Policy for a Lab</A></EM>
 618
 619  1    &lt;Policy lab999>
 620  2      # Job- and subscription-related operations must be done
 621       by the owner, a lab technician, or an administrator...
 622  3      &lt;Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job
 623       Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes
 624       Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription
 625       Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job
 626       Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job
 627       CUPS-Move-Job Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
 628  4        Require user @OWNER @lab999 @SYSTEM
 629  5        Order allow,deny
 630  6        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 631  7      &lt;/Limit>
 632  8
 633  9      # All administration operations require a lab technician
 634       or an administrator to authenticate...
 635 10      &lt;Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer
 636       Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer Disable-Printer
 637       Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs
 638       Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer
 639       Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer
 640       Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs
 641       CUPS-Reject-Jobs CUPS-Set-Default>
 642 11        AuthType Default
 643 12        Require user @lab999 @SYSTEM
 644 13        Order allow,deny
 645 14        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 646 15      &lt;/Limit>
 647 16
 648 17      # All other operations are allowed from the lab network...
 649 18      &lt;Limit All>
 650 19        Order allow,deny
 651 20        Allow from 10.0.2.0/24
 652 21      &lt;/Limit>
 653 22    &lt;/Policy>
 654 </PRE>
 655
 656
 657 <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="SELECT">Using Policies</A></H2>
 658
 659 <P>Once you have created a policy, you can use it in two ways.
 660 The first way is to assign it as the default policy for the
 661 system using the <A
 662 HREF="ref-cupsd-conf.html#DefaultPolicy"><TT>DefaultPolicy</TT></A>
 663 directive in the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file. For example, add the
 664 following line to the <VAR>cupsd.conf</VAR> file to use the
 665 "lab999" policy from the previous section:</P>
 666
 667 <PRE CLASS="example">
 668 DefaultPolicy lab999
 669 </PRE>
 670
 671 <P>To associate the policy with one or more printers, use either
 672 the <A HREF="man-lpadmin.html">lpadmin(8)</A> command or the web
 673 interface to change the operation policy for each printer. When
 674 using the <B>lpadmin</B> command, the <TT>-o
 675 printer-op-policy=name</TT> option sets the operation policy for
 676 a printer. For example, enter the following command to use the
 677 "lab999" policy from the previous section with a printer named
 678 "LaserJet4000":</P>
 679
 680 <PRE CLASS="command">
 681 lpadmin -p LaserJet4000 -o printer-op-policy=lab999
 682 </PRE>
 683
 684 <P>To make the same change in the web interface, go to the
 685 printer's web page, for example
 686 "http://localhost:631/printers/LaserJet4000", and click on the
 687 <VAR>Set Printer Options</VAR> button. Scroll down to the bottom
 688 of the page and choose the desired policy from the pull-down
 689 list. Click on <VAR>Set Printer Options</VAR> to change the policy for
 690 the printer.</P>
 691
 692 </BODY>
 693 </HTML>