doc/help/raster-driver.html

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 355 <!--
 356   Raster printer driver documentation for CUPS.
 357
 358   Copyright 2007-2012 by Apple Inc.
 359   Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
 360
 361   These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
 362   property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
 363   law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
 364   which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
 365   file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
 366 -->
 367
 368 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 369
 370 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding OS X features</a>.</p>
 371
 372 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 373 <tbody>
 374 <tr>
 375         <th>See Also</th>
 376         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 377         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 378         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 379         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 380         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 381         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 382 </tr>
 383 </tbody>
 384 </table></div>
 385 <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 386 <ul class="contents">
 387 <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 388 <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 389 <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 390 <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 391 <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding OS X Features</a></li>
 392 </ul>
 393 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 394
 395 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 396
 397 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 398
 399 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 400 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 401 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 402 </table></div>
 403
 404 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 405
 406 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 407 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 408 <thead>
 409 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 410 </thead>
 411 <tbody>
 412 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 413 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 414 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 415 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 416 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 417 </tbody>
 418 </table></div>
 419
 420 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 421
 422 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 423
 424 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 425
 426 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 427 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 428 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 429 </table></div>
 430
 431 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 432
 433
 434 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 435
 436 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 437
 438 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 439
 440 <pre class='example'>
 441 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 442 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 443 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 444
 445 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 446 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 447
 448 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 449 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 450
 451 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 452 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 453
 454 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 455 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 456
 457 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 458 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 459 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 460
 461 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 462 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 463 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 464 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 465 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 466 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 467 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 468 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 469
 470 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 471 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 472
 473 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 474 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 475 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 476 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 477 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 478 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 479 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 480 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 481 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 482
 483 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 484 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 485
 486 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 487 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 488 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 489
 490 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 491 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 492 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 493 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 494 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 495 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 496
 497 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 498 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 499 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 500
 501 {
 502   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 503   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 504   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 505   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 506 }
 507
 508 {
 509   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 510   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 511   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 512   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 513
 514   {
 515     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 516     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 517     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 518     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 519   }
 520
 521   {
 522     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 523     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 524     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 525     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 526   }
 527 }
 528 </pre>
 529
 530
 531 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 532
 533 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 534 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 535
 536 <pre class='example'>
 537 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 538 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 539 </pre>
 540
 541 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 542
 543 <pre class='example'>
 544 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 545 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 546 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 547 </pre>
 548
 549
 550 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 551
 552 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 553
 554 <pre class='example'>
 555 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 556 </pre>
 557
 558 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 559
 560 <pre class='example'>
 561 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 562 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 563 </pre>
 564
 565 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 566
 567 <h3><span class='info'>Since OS X 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 568
 569 <p>OS X printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 570
 571 <pre class='example'>
 572 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 573 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 574 </pre>
 575
 576
 577 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding OS X Features</a></h2>
 578
 579 <p>OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 580
 581 <pre class='example'>
 582 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 583 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 584 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 585 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 586 </pre>
 587 </div>
 588 </body>
 589 </html>