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1 @node Library Copying
2 @appendixsec GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
3
4 @cindex LGPL, Lesser General Public License
5 @center Version 2.1, February 1999
6
7 @display
8 Copyright @copyright{} 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
9 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
10
11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
13
14 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
15 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
16 version number 2.1.]
17 @end display
18
19 @appendixsubsec Preamble
20
21 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
22 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
23 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
24 free software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.
25
26 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
27 specially designated software---typically libraries---of the Free
28 Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use
29 it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this
30 license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to
31 use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
32
33 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
34 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
35 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
36 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
37 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it
38 in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these
39 things.
40
41 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
42 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
43 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
44 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
45
46 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
47 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
48 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
49 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
50 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
51 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
52 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
53
54 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
55 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
56 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
57
58 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
59 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
60 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
61 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
62 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
63 introduced by others.
64
65 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
66 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
67 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
68 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
69 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
70 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
71
72 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
73 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
74 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
75 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
76 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
77 libraries into non-free programs.
78
79 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
80 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
81 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
82 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
83 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
84 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
85 the library.
86
87 We call this license the @dfn{Lesser} General Public License because it
88 does @emph{Less} to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
89 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
90 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
91 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
92 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
93 special circumstances.
94
95 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
96 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
97 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
98 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
99 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
100 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
101 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
102
103 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
104 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
105 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
106 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
107 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
108 system.
109
110 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
111 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
112 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
113 that program using a modified version of the Library.
114
115 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
116 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
117 ``work based on the library'' and a ``work that uses the library''. The
118 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
119 be combined with the library in order to run.
120
121 @iftex
122 @appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
123 @end iftex
124 @ifinfo
125 @center GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
126 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
127 @end ifinfo
128
129 @enumerate 0
130 @item
131 This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program
132 which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other
133 authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
134 Lesser General Public License (also called ``this License''). Each
135 licensee is addressed as ``you''.
136
137 A ``library'' means a collection of software functions and/or data
138 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
139 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
140
141 The ``Library'', below, refers to any such software library or work
142 which has been distributed under these terms. A ``work based on the
143 Library'' means either the Library or any derivative work under
144 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
145 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
146 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
147 included without limitation in the term ``modification''.)
148
149 ``Source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for
150 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
151 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
152 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
153 and installation of the library.
154
155 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
156 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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158 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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160 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
161 and what the program that uses the Library does.
162
163 @item
164 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
165 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
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171
172 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
173 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
174 fee.
175
176 @item
177 You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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180 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
181
182 @enumerate a
183 @item
184 The modified work must itself be a software library.
185
186 @item
187 You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
188 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
189
190 @item
191 You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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193
194 @item
195 If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
196 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
197 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
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199 in the event an application does not supply such function or
200 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
201 its purpose remains meaningful.
202
203 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
204 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
205 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
206 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
207 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
208 root function must still compute square roots.)
209 @end enumerate
210
211 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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222 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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231
232 @item
233 You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
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241
242 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
243 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
244 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
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246 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
247 the Library into a program that is not a library.
248
249 @item
250 You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
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259 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
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262
263 @item
264 A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
265 Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
266 linked with it, is called a ``work that uses the Library''. Such a
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269
270 However, linking a ``work that uses the Library'' with the Library
271 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
272 contains portions of the Library), rather than a ``work that uses the
273 library''. The executable is therefore covered by this License.
274 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
275
276 When a ``work that uses the Library'' uses material from a header file
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280 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
281 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
282
283 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
284 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
285 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
286 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
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289
290 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
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294
295 @item
296 As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
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302
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309 of these things:
310
311 @enumerate a
312 @item
313 Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
314 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
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319 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
320 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
321 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
322 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
323 to use the modified definitions.)
324
325 @item
326 Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A
327 suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the
328 library already present on the user's computer system, rather than
329 copying library functions into the executable, and (2) will operate
330 properly with a modified version of the library, if the user installs
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333
334 @item
335 Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
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339
340 @item
341 If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
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345 @item
346 Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
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348 @end enumerate
349
350 For an executable, the required form of the ``work that uses the
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358
359 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
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364
365 @item
366 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
367 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
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370 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
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372
373 @enumerate a
374 @item
375 Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
376 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
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378 Sections above.
379
380 @item
381 Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
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383 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
384 @end enumerate
385
386 @item
387 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
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395 @item
396 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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404
405 @item
406 Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
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414 @item
415 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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427
428 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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430 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
431
432 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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434 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
435 integrity of the free software distribution system which is
436 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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440 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
441 impose that choice.
442
443 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
444 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
445
446 @item
447 If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
448 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
449 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
450 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
451 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
452 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
453 written in the body of this License.
454
455 @item
456 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
457 versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
458 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
459 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
460
461 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
462 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
463 ``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and
464 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
465 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
466 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
467 the Free Software Foundation.
468
469 @item
470 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
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474 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
475 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
476 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
477 and reuse of software generally.
478
479 @center NO WARRANTY
480
481 @item
482 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
483 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
484 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
485 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
486 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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489 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
490 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
491
492 @item
493 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
494 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
495 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
496 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
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500 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
501 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
502 DAMAGES.
503 @end enumerate
504
505 @iftex
506 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
507 @end iftex
508 @ifinfo
509 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
510 @end ifinfo
511
512 @page
513 @appendixsubsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
514
515 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
516 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
517 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
518 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
519 ordinary General Public License).
520
521 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
522 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
523 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
524 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
525
526 @smallexample
527 @var{one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.}
528 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
529
530 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
531 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
532 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
533 your option) any later version.
534
535 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
536 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
537 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
538 Lesser General Public License for more details.
539
540 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
541 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
542 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
543 USA.
544 @end smallexample
545
546 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
547
548 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
549 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the library, if
550 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
551
552 @smallexample
553 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library
554 `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
555
556 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1990
557 Ty Coon, President of Vice
558 @end smallexample
559
560 That's all there is to it!