filter-branch: skip index read/write when possible

filter-branch: skip index read/write when possible

If the user specifies an index filter but not a tree filter,
filter-branch cleverly avoids checking out the tree
entirely. But we don't do the next level of optimization: if
you have no index or tree filter, we do not need to read the
index at all.

This can greatly speed up cases where we are only changing
the commit objects (e.g., cementing a graft into place).
Here are numbers from the newly-added perf test:

  Test                  HEAD^              HEAD
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  7000.2: noop filter   13.81(4.95+0.83)   5.43(0.42+0.43) -60.7%

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>