find_unique_abbrev: move logic out of get_short_sha1()

find_unique_abbrev: move logic out of get_short_sha1()

The get_short_sha1() is only about reading short sha1s; we
do call it in a loop to check "is this long enough" for each
object, but otherwise it should not need to know about
things like our default_abbrev setting.

So instead of asking it to set default_automatic_abbrev as a
side-effect, let's just have find_unique_abbrev() pick the
right place to start its loop.  This requires a separate
approximate_object_count() function, but that naturally
belongs with the rest of sha1_file.c.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>