trace2: add global counter mechanism

trace2: add global counter mechanism

Add global counters mechanism to Trace2.

The Trace2 counters mechanism adds the ability to create a set of
global counter variables and an API to increment them efficiently.
Counters can optionally report per-thread usage in addition to the sum
across all threads.

Counter events are emitted to the Trace2 logs when a thread exits and
at process exit.

Counters are an alternative to `data` and `data_json` events.

Counters are useful when you want to measure something across the life
of the process, when you don't want per-measurement events for
performance reasons, when the data does not fit conveniently within a
region, or when your control flow does not easily let you write the
final total.  For example, you might use this to report the number of
calls to unzip() or the number of de-delta steps during a checkout.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>