reftable/block: avoid copying block iterators on seek

reftable/block: avoid copying block iterators on seek

When seeking a reftable record in a block we need to position the
iterator _before_ the sought-after record so that the next call to
`block_iter_next()` would yield that record. To achieve this, the loop
that performs the linear seeks to restore the previous position once it
has found the record.

This is done by advancing two `block_iter`s: one to check whether the
next record is our sought-after record, and one that we update after
every iteration. This of course involves quite a lot of copying and also
leads to needless memory allocations.

Refactor the code to get rid of the `next` iterator and the copying this
involves. Instead, we can restore the previous offset such that the call
to `next` will return the correct record.

Next to being simpler conceptually this also leads to a nice speedup.
The following benchmark parser 10k refs out of 100k existing refs via
`git-rev-list --no-walk`:

  Benchmark 1: rev-list: print many refs (HEAD~)
    Time (mean ± σ):     170.2 ms ±   1.7 ms    [User: 86.1 ms, System: 83.6 ms]
    Range (min … max):   166.4 ms … 180.3 ms    500 runs

  Benchmark 2: rev-list: print many refs (HEAD~)
    Time (mean ± σ):     161.6 ms ±   1.6 ms    [User: 78.1 ms, System: 83.0 ms]
    Range (min … max):   158.4 ms … 172.3 ms    500 runs

  Summary
    rev-list: print many refs (HEAD) ran
      1.05 ± 0.01 times faster than rev-list: print many refs (HEAD~)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>