==================== Changes in man-pages-2.00 ==================== Released: 2004-12-16 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alberto Bertogli Anand Kumria Andrey Kiselev Andries Brouwer Chris Green Branden Robinson Emmanuel Colbus Enrico Zini Eric Estievenart Fabian Kreutz Florian Weimer Jan Kuznik Joey (Martin) Schulze Johannes Berg John V. Belmonte Karel Kulhavy Luis Javier Merino Morán Martin Pool Richard Kreckel Vasya Pupkin Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Fabian Kreutz Many math pages had their synopses compressed, as per suggestion from Fabian Kreutz. Various pages Fabian Kreutz / aeb Many minor content and formatting bug fixes were made to the math pages, following suggestions from Fabian Kreutz (who recently translated many of the 1.70 math pages into German) and Andries Brouwer. Various pages mtk For consistency, all instances of "super-user" were changed to the more common "superuser". Various pages Vasya Pupkin / mtk After a note from Vasya Pupkin, I added to the SYNOPSIS of several Section 2 pages using the _syscallN() macros. In addition: -- erroneous semicolons at the end of _syscallN() were removed on various pages. -- types such as "uint" in syscallN() declarations were changed to "unsigned int", etc. -- various other minor breakages in the synopses were fixed. The affected pages are: getdents.2 gettid.2 llseek.2 mmap2.2 modify_ldt.2 pivot_root.2 quotactl.2 readdir.2 sysctl.2 syslog.2 tkill.2 Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 Florian Weimer Added 'const' to declaration of 'my_addr' in prototype. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239762. fcntl.2 Martin Pool Added O_NOATIME to list of flags that can be changed via F_SETFL. mtk/aeb Noted F_GETOWN bug after suggestion from aeb. See also: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=108380640603164&w=2 getrlimit.2 mtk Material on getrusage.2 has been separated out into its own page. Rewrote discussion on RLIMIT_MEMLOCK to incorporate kernel 2.6.9 changes. Added note on RLIMIT_CPU error in older kernels. Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING. Also made a few other minor changes. getrusage.2 mtk This page is new(ish) -- it was created by splitting getrlimit.2. Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9. kill.2 Modified after suggestion from Emmanuel Colbus Changed wording of sentence under NOTES describing when signals can be sent to init(1). mlock.2 munlock.2 mlockall.2 munlockall.2 These have been consolidated into a single mlock.2 page. In the process, much duplication was eliminated and new information was added about RLIMIT_MEMLOCK and the changes in memory locking in kernel 2.6.9, mmap.2 mtk Added cross-ref to setrlimit(2) concerning memory locking limits. Eric Estievenart Note that MAP_FIXED replaces existing mappings msgctl.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added msqid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions. msgget.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added notes on /proc files. msgop.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added notes on /proc files. open.2 Martin Pool Added O_NOATIME (new in Linux 2.6.8) mtk Reordered list of 'flags' description alphabetically personality.2 2004-11-03 applied patch from Martin Schulze semctl.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Rewrote semun text. Added semid_ds and ipc_perm structure definitions. semget.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added notes on /proc files. Rewrote BUGS note about semget()'s failure to initialize semaphore values. semop.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added notes on /proc files. shmctl.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Updated shmid_ds structure definitions. Added information on SHM_DEST and SHM_LOCKED flags. Noted that CAP_IPC_LOCK is not required for SHM_UNLOCK since kernel 2.6.9. Added notes on 2.6.9 RLIMIT_MEMLOCK changes. Added RLIMIT_SIGPENDING (new in Linux 2.6.8) shmget.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Added notes on /proc files. shmop.2 mtk Substantial language and formatting clean-ups. Changed wording and placement of sentence regarding attachment of segments marked for destruction. sigaction.2 mtk Added mention of SIGCONT under SA_NOCLDSTOP. Added SA_NOCLDWAIT. Updated discussion for POSIX.1-2001 and SIGCHLD and sa_flags. Noted that CLD_CONTINUED is supported since Linux 2.6.9. Added SI_TKILL (new in Linux 2.4.19). Other minor changes. signal.2 mtk Removed text on ignoring SIGCHLD; replaced with pointer to sigaction.2. sigwaitinfo.2 After bug report from Andrey Kiselev Fixed prototype: "timeout" --> "*timeout" as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=222145 stat.2 Enrico Zini Added text to clarify that S_IS*() macros should be applied to st_mode field. as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=249698 swapon.2 After Debian bug report from Anand Kumria Added "no swap space signature" to EINVAL error. mtk Added EINVAL error for swapoff() ("not currently a swap area"). Added EBUSY error for swapon(). A few formatting fixes. times.2 mtk In Linux 2.6, the return value of times changed; it is no longer time since boot, but rather: boot_time + 2^32 / HZ - 300 Repaired note on SIGCHLD behavior to note that the POSIX non-conformance has been fixed in 2.6.9. Some formatting fixes. undocumented.2 After bug report from Johannes Berg Changed .TH UNIMPLEMENTED to: .TH UNDOCUMENTED as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=220741 wait.2 mtk Added waitid(2). Added WCONTINUED and WIFCONTINUED (new in 2.6.10). Added text on SA_NOCLDSTOP. Updated discussion of SA_NOCLDWAIT to reflect 2.6 behavior. Much other text rewritten. wait4.2 mtk Rewrote this page, removing much duplicated information, and replacing with pointers to wait.2. Luis Javier Merino Morán / mtk CONFORMING TO said "SVr4, POSIX". Changed to "4.3BSD" waitid.2 mtk New link to wait.2 assert.3 After bug report from Branden Robinson The assert() failure message goes to stderr not stdout. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=284814 ctime.3 mtk Noted that 0 in tm_mday is interpreted to mean the last day of the preceding month. getnameinfo.3 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=229618 getnameinfo() does not set errno, it returns a non-zero value indicating the error. mtk added EAI_OVERFLOW error killpg.3 mtk Minor changes to SEE ALSO and CONFORMING TO. lseek64.3 aeb New page by Andries Brouwer tzset.3 Richard Kreckel Change "NULL" to "empty" when talking about the value of TZ. http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=601 printf.3 After bug report from Jan Kuznik http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=205736 Fixed bad realloc() use in snprintf() example realpath.3 mtk Added discussion of resolved_path == NULL. random.4 After bug report from John V. Belmonte Updated init and quit scripts to reflect kernel 2.4/2.6 reality (Scripts taken from drivers/char/random.c) as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=247779 proc.5 mtk Updated description of /proc/loadavg to include nr_running(), nr_threads, last_pid. rtsig-max and rtsig-nr went away in 2.6.8 updated statm, and fixed error in order of list boot.7 applied patch from Martin Schulze capabilities.7 mtk Added O_NOATIME for CAP_FOWNER netdevice.7 Karel Kulhavy and AEB Formatting fix after note from Karel Kulhavy and AEB, plus a few wording fixes. signal.7 mtk /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-* were superseded by RLIMIT_SIGPENDING in kernel 2.6.8. tcp.7 mtk/aeb Updated details of interaction of TCP_CORK and TCP_NODELAY. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.01 ==================== Released: 2004-12-20 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Carsten Hey Johannes Berg Joshua Kwan Marek Habersack Martin Schulze Matthew Dempsky Matthew Gregan Pedro Zorzenon Neto Tony Crawford Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- accept.2 close.2 send.2 setsid.2 socket.2 closedir.3 initgroups.3 mkstemp.3 opendir.3 readdir.3 telldir.3 Matthew Dempsky, mtk triggered by http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=283179 The wording describing how errno is set was fixed up in these pages. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- sendfile.2 mtk Adjusted descriptions of argument file types to be closer to 2.6 reality. Wording and formatting changes. ctan.3 ctanh.3 Tony Crawford As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=270817 Formulae on the pages should be T = S / C not T = C / S. errno.3 Martin Schulze, mtk Removed errno declaration from prototype, added notes on historical need for this declaration. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=174175 aio_return.3 as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=224953 Changed erroneous "aio_return(2)" to "aio_return(3)". posix_openpt.3 mtk New by mtk ptsname.3 mtk Added description of ptsname_r(). Added ERRORS. ptsname_r.3 mtk New link to ptsname.3. shm_open.3 Matthew Gregan add to synopsis as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=271243 strcasecmp.3 Marek Habersack .SH "CONFORMING TO" -BSD 4.4 +BSD 4.4, SUSv3 as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=234443 strfry.3 Joshua Kwan Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=213538 strftime.3 Cartsen Hey as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=276248 Changed range for "%S" from 0..61 to 0..60. SUSv3 says 0..60. I think the manual page probably says 0..61, because that's what SUSv2 said. (Some other implementations' man pages also say 0..61 -- e.g., Solaris 8 & 9, Tru64 5.1B; FreeBSD 5.1 says 0..60.) The glibc manual currently says 0..60. Given that SUSv3 says 0..60, I've changed the manual page to also say this: -The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 61). +The second as a decimal number (range 00 to 60). +(The range is up to 60 to allow for occasional leap seconds.) sysconf.3 Johannes Berg See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=226974 -.BR POSIX2_FORT_RUN " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV +.BR POSIX2_FORT_DEV " - " _SC_2_FORT_DEV system.3 Pedro Zorzenon as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=242638 Noted use of _XOPEN_SOURCE to get macros from for wait(2). mtk Changed name of argument from 'string' to 'command' (like POSIX). Noted that glibc does nowadays explicitly check for the existence of the shell if 'command' is NULL, rather than the older behavior of assuming the shell exists and always returning 1 if 'command' is NULL. Other wording and formatting clean-ups. undocumented.3 Remove some functions names that *are* documented. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.02 ==================== Released: 2005-04-14 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Branden Robinson Colin Watson David Lloyd Gordon Jin Heikki Orsila Jamie Lokier Johan Walles Kai Makisara Marko Kohtala Martin Pool Martin (Joey) Schulze Matthias Lang Michael Haardt Michael Mühlebach Mike Frysinger Sasa Stevanovic Serguei Leontiev Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- ctime.3 tzselect.8 zdump.8 zic.8 Martin (Joey) Schulze Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent newctime(3). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=236884 Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Noted the PID caching behavior of NPTL's getpid() wrapper under BUGS. Added futex(2), set_thread_area(2), set_tid_address(2), tkill(2) under SEE ALSO. epoll_ctl.2 epoll_create.2 Marko Kohtala / mtk Improved various error descriptions. epoll_wait.2 David Lloyd / Mike Frysinger, Marko Kohtala Added EINTR to errors. fcntl.2 Jamie Lokier / mtk Improved discussion of F_SETOWN and F_SETSIG with respect to multi-threaded programs. Generally cleaned up the discussion of F_SETOWN. Updated CONFORMING TO to note that F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN are now in POSIX. link.2 mtk Noted discrepancy between Linux and POSIX.1 when oldpath is a symbolic link. See: http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=367 and: http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag/msg08152.html Michael Haardt / mtk Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to link across mount points, even if the mount points refer to the same file system. mincore.2 mtk, after note from Gordon Jin Updated ERRORS. pipe.2 As per message from Serguei Leontiev Removed SVr2, AT&T, and BSD from CONFORMING TO, since a pipe on those systems is actually bidirectional. (Pipes are implemented as STREAMS on the former, and sockets on the latter.) posix_fadvise.2 mtk Noted kernel version where posix_fadvise() appeared and noted bug in handling of 'len' in kernels < 2.6.6. rename.2 Michael Haardt Clarified EXDEV error description: it isn't possible to rename a file across mount points, even if the mount points refer to the same file system. semop.2 mtk Noted kernel version numbers for semtimedop(). setitimer.2 Matthias Lang, mtk Noted MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling. Added note about treatment of out-of-range tv_usec values. sigqueue.2 Johan Walles, Martin (Joey) Schulze Added sigqueue.2 to SEE ALSO. times.2 mtk Added notes on non-standard behavior: Linux allows 'buf' to be NULL, but POSIX.1 doesn't specify this and it's non-portable. uselib.2 Andries Brouwer Improved DESCRIPTION; clarified distinction between EACCES and ENOEXEC. bcopy.3 Heikki Orsila bcopy() handles overlapping case, but memcpy() does not, so for consistency memmove() should be also mentioned. getmntent_r.3 Martin (Joey) Schulze New link to man3/getmntent.3. memcpy.3 Small wording change after suggestion from Sasa Stevanovic. strcasestr.3 mtk Created as link to strstr.3. strftime.3 mtk Noted that SUSv2 allowed a range of 00 to 61 for %S specifier. strstr.3 mtk Added description of strcasestr(). random.4 aeb Improved description of read from /dev/urandom. st.4 Kai Makisara Substantial updates. man.7 Martin Schulze Branden Robinson Colin Watson Mention the .URL macro more verbosely. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.03 ==================== Released: 2005-06-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Joey (Martin) Schulze Johannes Nicolai Justin Pryzby Klaus Ethgen Pavel Heimlich Ross Boylan Vincent Fourmond Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- console.4 console_ioctl.4 mouse.4 tty.4 vcs.4 Pavel Heimlich Change `ttys(4)' to `ttyS(4)'. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Substantially enhanced discussion of CLONE_THREAD. Added CLONE_SYSVSEM, CLONE_UNTRACED, CLONE_STOPPED. Other minor fixes. execve.2 aeb Noted effect of ptracing when execing a set-UID program. fcntl.2 Johannes Nicolai / mtk Noted F_SETOWN bug for socket file descriptor in Linux 2.4 and earlier. Added text on permissions required to send signal to owner. flock.2 mtk Noted that lock conversions are not atomic. getrusage.2 mtk ru_nswap has never contained useful information. Kernel 2.6.6 clarified that with a patch ("[PATCH] eliminate nswap and cnswap"). See also: http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0404.1/0720.html kill.2 mtk Clarified wording of the 'pid == -1' case. mount.2 mtk Added MNT_EXPIRE, plus a few other tidy-ups. sched_setaffinity.2 mtk Added text to note that sched_setaffinity() will migrate the affected process to one of the specified CPUs if necessary. Added a NOTE to point out that the affinity mask is actually a per-thread attribute that can be adjusted independently for each thread in a thread group. shmctl.2 mtk Noted aberrant Linux behavior with respect to new attaches to a segment that has already been marked for deletion. Noted changes in permissions required for SHM_LOCK/SHM_UNLOCK. wait.2 mtk Noted that the __W* flags can't be used with waitid(). confstr.3 mtk Added _CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION and _CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION. hosts.5 Ross Boylan / Martin Schulze various changes as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=304242 proc.5 mtk Minor changes to discussion of /proc/PID/stat signal fields. Added 'rt_priority' and 'policy' to /proc/PID/stat. capabilities.7 mtk 1,$s/inherited/inheritable/g regex.7 Vincent Fourmond / Joey (Martin) Schulze Removed discussion of `[[:<:]]' and `[[:>:]]' since they do not seem to be in the glibc implementation. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295666 tzselect.8 Joey (Martin) Schulze / Klaus Ethgen The default zoneinfo directory is now /usr/share/zoneinfo. (was: /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo) As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=267471 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.04 ==================== Released: 2005-06-21 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Baurjan Ismagulov Dave Love Dieter Brueggemann Geoff Clare Guido Trotter kabloom Kevin Ryde Justin Pryzby Mike Furr Olivier Croquette Olivier Guilyardi Peter Cordes Philipp Spitzer Tanaka Akira Thierry Excoffier Thomas Hood Vincent Lefevre Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk For consistency across pages: 1,$s/nonzero/non-zero/g Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- pthreads.7 mtk An overview of the Linux implementations of POSIX threads. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _exit.2 mtk Various minor changes. epoll_ctl.2 Mike Furr BUGS: In kernels < 2.6.9, EPOLL_CTL_DEL required a non-NULL 'event', even though this argument is ignored. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306517 flock.2 mtk / Kevin Ryde Clarified semantics of relationship between flock() locks and open file entries and file descriptors. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=291121 getitimer.2 Olivier Croquette, Thierry Excoffier Noted the existence of the short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy). getrlimit.2 mtk RLIMIT_RSS only has affect "in 2.4.x", not "in 2.4 and later". getrusage.2 Geoff Clare Since Linux 2.6, the ru_nvcsw and ru_nivcsw fields are used. nice.2 mtk / Guido Trotter Rewrote description of return value. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=296183 open.2 Walter Harms O_DIRECT needs _GNU_SOURCE. mtk O_ASYNC works for pipes and FIFOs in Linux 2.6. Various minor fixes. atexit.3 mtk Various minor changes. exit.3 mtk Various minor changes. getopt.3 mtk / Philipp Spitzer Fix description of return value. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308359 hsearch.3 mtk Changed (char *) to (void *) in example. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=313607 log1p.3 Justin Pryzby Make log(3) SEE ALSO log1p(3), as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=309578 makecontext.3 Tanaka Akira Fix description of RETURN VALUE for makecontext(), as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311800 on_exit.3 mtk Various minor changes. rand.3 kabloom Small fix to a code example, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=194842 realpath.3 mtk / Thomas Hood When specifying resolved_path as NULL, realpath() will (still) only allocate up to PATH_MAX bytes. Plus other minor changes. See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=239424 rcmd.3 Dave Love The required header file for these functions on Linux is , as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=311680 scanf.3 Olivier Guilyardi Arg for %p is a pointer to _a pointer to_ void, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263109 stdin.3 Vincent Lefevre freopen() can change the descriptors associated with stdin/stdout/stderr, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295859 strerror.3 Baurjan Ismagulov strerror_r(3) requires #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=290880 sysconf.3 Peter Cordes / mtk Fix typo: "_SC_2_DEV" should be "_SC_2_C_DEV". proc.5 mtk Added pointers under /proc/sys/net to tcp.7 and ip.7. ip.7 mtk Various wording and formatting fixes. Reordered /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* file descriptions alphabetically. tcp.7 Dieter Brueggemann / mtk Fixes to the discussion of SIOCATMARK and tcp_stdurg. mtk Various wording and formatting fixes. Incorporated some new /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_* file descriptions from the 2.6.12 source file Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.05 ==================== Released: 2005-06-27 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: A Costa Andries Brouwer Bas Zoetekouw Dan Jacobson Delian Krustev Dora Anna Volgyesi Martin (Joey) Schulze Ove Kaaven Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. (Special thanks to A Costa.) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _exit.2 mtk / aeb Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination function". close.2 mtk Clarified what type of lock close() affects. Minor formatting changes. dup.2 mtk Consistent use of terms "open file description", "file status flags", and "file descriptor flags". Removed mention of lock sharing -- it was not accurate. Minor formatting fixes. fcntl.2 mtk Consistent use of terms "open file description", "file status flags", and "file descriptor flags". Some rewriting of discussion of file descriptor flags Under F_DUPFD, replaced some text duplicated in dup.2 with a cross ref to dup.2 Minor wording and formatting fixes. fpclassify.3 mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze / Bas Zoetekouw The return value of isinf() changed in glibc 2.02 to differentiate positive and negative infinity. See: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285765 getgid.2 getuid.2 Delian Krustev Remove confusing text describing real and effective IDs. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=285852 getitimer.2 mtk The short sleep bug (up to 1 jiffy) that was newly noted in man-pages-2.04 has just been fixed in 2.6.12. getpriority.2 mtk Changed range documented in main text from -20..20 to -20..19. Noted that the range is -20..20 on some systems. open.2 mtk / aeb Clarification of term "open file description" along with explanation of what information it maintains. Other wording improvements. Various minor wording changes. atexit.3 mtk / aeb Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination function". mtk Noted use of atexit() for establishing function to be invoked on shared library unload. Noted that atexit()-registered functions are not invoked on abnormal termination. Formatting fixes. exit.3 mtk / aeb Reversed 2.04 introduction of the term "process termination function". mtk Minor rewording and formatting changes. getloadavg.3 mtk Added #define _BSD_SOURCE to prototype. log2.3 Martin (Joey) Schulze Add ERANGE error. readdir.3 mtk Added definition of Linux dirent structure. Some formatting cleanups. strtod.3 Dora Anna Volgyesi / mtk strtold() and strtof() need _ISOC99_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE=600 As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=246668 tdestroy.3 mtk New link to tsearch.3. tsearch.3 mtk Added tdestroy to .TH line. mem.4 mtk Change "chown root:mem /dev/mem" to "chown root:kmem /dev/mem". null.4 mtk Change "chown root:mem /dev/null /dev/zero" to "chown root:root /dev/null /dev/zero". vcs.4 Dan Jacobson / Martin (Joey) Schulze Replaced "selection(1)" by "gpm(8)" under SEE ALSO See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=253515 signal.7 Ove Kaaven SA_SIGACTION should be SA_SIGINFO As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=305369 urn.7 mtk New link to uri.7 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.06 ==================== Released: 2005-07-15 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andries Brouwer Bhavesh P Davda Clau Weber Dov Murik David Lloyd Frederik Deweerdt Justin Pryzby Lars Wirzenius Martin Pool Mike Frysinger Petter Reinholdtsen Steven Murdoch Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Many uses of hyphens and dashes were corrected. New pages --------- canonicalize_file_name.3 Walter Harms / mtk Removed Pages ------------- sstk.2 mtk AFAIK, this system call has never actually done anything (other than be a stub) on any Unix. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 mtk Various wording and formatting fixes. bind.2 mtk Minor formatting changes clone.2 mtk Various minor wording improvements; some formatting fixes connect.2 mtk Various wording and formatting fixes. epoll_create.2 Bhavesh P Davda s/positive/non-negative/ [for file descriptor] getrlimit.2 mtk Documented RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE limit. RLIMIT_RSS ceased to have any effect in 2.4 in kernel 2.4.30. (It already didn't have any effect in 2.2.x and 2.6.x.) s/MADVISE_WILLNEED/MADV_WILLNEED/ listen.2 mtk Removed historic comment on BSD backlog ceiling. Minor wording and formatting changes. semop.2 mtk Added BUG: in some circumstances, a process that is waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not woken up when the value does actually reach zero. http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2 socket.2 mtk Various minor wording improvements umask.2 mtk Added mkdir(2) to discussion, made term "file mode creation mask" clearer. Various, mostly small, wording changes errno.3 Martin Pool Change description for ESTALE As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=237344 fgetgrent.3 getgrent.3 getgrent_r.3 David Lloyd Added SEE ALSO putgrent(3) See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=211336 getgrent.3 getgrnam.3 getpwent.3 getpwnam.3 Lars Wirzenius / mtk Replace mention of /etc/{passwd,group} by references to "passwd/group database", and LDAP and NIS. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117 mtk Miscellaneous wording improvements Consistent DESCRIPTION and ERRORS wording across these pages. getnameinfo.3 mtk Relocate misplaced text describing gai_strerror(). getnetent.3 Petter Reinholdtsen s/endservent/endnetent/ As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316517 getspnam.3 Lars Wirzenius / mtk Replace mention of /etc/shadow by references to "shadow password database", and LDAP and NIS. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=316117 mtk, Claus Weber Miscellaneous wording improvements Consistent DESCRIPTION wording vis-a-vis getpwnam.3 etc. hsearch.3 Frederik Deweerdt Fix hsearch_r() prototype scanf.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk Fix description of RETURN VALUE As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=317037 mtk various parts substantially rewritten; added description of %n$ form; various text incorporated from the GNU C library documentation ((C) The Free Software Foundation). shm_open.3 mtk Modified details of how user and group ownership of a new object are set. Various minor wording and formatting cleanups. elf.5 Mike Frysinger tweaked the short description to include definition of 'ELF' add ELFOSABI_NONE to the ELFOSABI_ list tweak/add more machines to EM_ list for ehdr->e_machine fix indenting to be consistent tweak the display of the ELF_ST_* macros document the Elf_Dyn structure proc.5 mtk Updated discussion of /proc/stat. Added text on the /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files. ip.7 Steven Murdoch Change protocol in UDP prototype. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182635 tcp.7 Dov Murik The first sentence under NOTES about SO_KEEPALIVE and SIGPIPE makes no grammatical sense (and possibly also no technical sense). It has been removed. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.07 ==================== Released: 2005-07-19 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Mike Frysinger Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk The terms "set-user-ID" and "set-group-ID" are now used consistently (no abbreviations) across all manual pages. Various pages mtk Consistent use of "saved set-user-ID" and "saved set-group-ID" (no more "saved user ID", "saved effective UID", saved group ID", etc.) Various pages mtk Global fixes in textual descriptions: uid --> UID gid --> GID pid --> PID id --> ID Various pages mtk Consistent use of st_atime, st_ctime, st_mtime, with explanatory text, instead of atime/ctime/mtime. Various pages mtk Classical BSD versions are now always named x.yBSD (formerly there was a mix of x.yBSD and BSD x.y). Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- setresuid.2 mtk Some rewording. stat.2 Mike Frysinger Improve description of st_dev and st_rdev. mtk Various wording and formatting improvements. truncate.2 mtk Some formatting fixes ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.08 ==================== Released: 2005-09-21 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Bunk Alain PORTAL Andrew Pimlott Andries Brouwer Baurzhan Ismagulov Bernhard R. Link Bodo Stroesser David N. Welton Dov Murik Heikki Orsila Hasso Tepper Hrvoje Niksic Justin Pryzby Ludovic Courtes Mike Frysinger Nicolas François Norbert Buchmuller Paul Brook Ramiro Aceves Tommy Pettersson Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk RFC references are now always written as "RFC\ nnn" (not "RFC nnn" or "RFCnnn"). Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- du.1 Mike Frysinger To get an effect like "-h", BLOCKSIZE must start with "human", not "HUMAN". time.1 Mike Frysinger s/standard output/standard error/ clone.2 Paul Brook / mtk Fix small error in description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID connect.2 Heikki Orsila Add EINTR error See http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/12/254 getpriority.2 mtk Expanded discussion of relationship between user and kernel representations of the nice value. Added discussion of RLIMIT_NICE and a cross reference to getrlimit.2 under the description of the EACCES error. Noted 2.6.12 change in credentials checking for setpriority(). getrlimit.2 mtk Added description of RLIMIT_RTPRIO Added description of RLIMIT_NICE mmap.2 mtk Noted bug in MAP_POPULATE for kernels before 2.6.7. mremap.2 mtk Added _GNU_SOURCE to prototype. Rewrote description of MREMAP_MAYMOVE. Rewrote description of EAGAIN error. Added discussion of resizing of memory locks. Added entries to SEE ALSO. Some formatting fixes. msgctl.2 mtk Added IPC_INFO, MSG_INFO, MSG_STAT descriptions. nanosleep.2 Baurzhan Ismagulov Add to prototype: define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309 As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314435 nice.2 mtk Added sentence noting that range of the nice value is described in getpriority.2. Added cross-reference to setrlimit(2) for discussion on RLIMIT_NICE. outb.2 David N. Welton / Justin Pryzby / mtk Clarified the order of value and port arguments; As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=263756 pause.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO for sigsuspend.2 Some formatting fixes. poll.2 Tommy Pettersson nfds should be prototyped as nfds_t As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=322934 mtk Some wording and formatting improvements. prctl.2 mtk Since kernel 2.6.13 PR_SET_DUMPABLE can also have the value 2. rand.3 Hrvoje Niksic / mtk Remove misleading text describing FreeBSD's sranddev() function. As per debian bug 328629 readv.2 mtk / Walter harms Added LINUX NOTES on trickery performed by glibc when vector size exceeds IOV_MAX. Formatting clean-ups. remap_file_pages.2 mtk Added text to note that start and size are both rounded downward. sched_setparam.2 mtk Modified discussion of privileges; added pointer to sched_setscheduler.2 for a discussion of privileges and resource limits. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk Modified discussion of privileges; added discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO. semctl.2 mtk Added IPC_INFO, SEM_INFO, SEM_STAT descriptions. shmctl.2 mtk Added IPC_INFO, SHM_INFO, SHM_STAT descriptions. sigaction.2 mtk Split sigpending(), sigprocmask(), and sigsuspend() out into separate new pages. Other minor changes mtk NOTES: described SA_NODEFER / sa_mask bug which was present in all kernels up to and including 2.6.13. See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112360948603171&w=2 and http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112362164911432&w=2 List: linux-kernel Subject: Signal handling possibly wrong From: Bodo Stroesser Date: 2005-08-09 17:44:06 signal.2 mtk Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2 sigpending.2 mtk New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 Changed CONFORMING TO. sigprocmask.2 mtk New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 Added text on effect of NULL for 'set' argument. Added text noting effect of ignoring SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGILL, and SIGSEGV. Noted that sigprocmask() can't be used in multithreaded process. Fixed EINVAL error diagnostic. Changed CONFORMING TO. sigsuspend.2 mtk New page created by splitting out from sigaction.2 Added NOTES on usage. Added new text to DESCRIPTION. Changed CONFORMING TO. stat.2 Mike Frysinger Improve st_blocks description. carg.3 Ramiro Aceves / aeb Change: One has carg(z) = atan(creal(z) / cimag(z)) to: One has tan(carg(z)) = cimag(z) / creal(z) As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=326720 cmsg.3 mtk s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name) dlopen.3 Alain Portal s/-nostartupfiles/-nostartfiles/ getaddrinfo.3 mtk Nowadays (since 2.3.4) glibc only sets the first ai_canonname field if AI_CANONNAME was specified (the current behavior is all that SUSv3 requires). 1,$s/PF_/AF_/g Added descriptions of AI_ALL, AI_ADDRCONFIG, AI_V4MAPPED, and AI_NUMERICSERV. Some wording and formatting fixes. getpwnam.3 Bernhard R. Link / mtk Add NOTES text describing relationship of pw_dir and HOME and pointing out that applications should preferentially inspect HOME. inet.3 Mike Frysinger Mention "little endian" and "big endian". Added note about octal and hex interpretation of numbers-and-dots notation. rpc.3 mtk / Ludovic Courtes Commented out references to rpc_secure(3) -- we don't currently have such a page in the man-pages set. In response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=325115 setenv.3 mtk glibc 2.3.4 fixed the "name contains '='" bug. strnlen.3 Mike Frysinger Added "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to prototype. initrd.4 Norbert Buchmuller / mtk Added text noting that the use or real-root-dev for changing the root device is obsolete, in favor of pivot root. (However, the page still needs to be rewritten to actually describe the pivot_root method...) As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=323621 proc.5 mtk Improve text describing /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* files. Describe /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable (new in 2.6.13). Added placeholder mention of /proc/zoneinfo (new in 2.6.13). More needs to be said about this file. Repaired earlier cut and paste mistake which resulted in part of the text of this page being duplicated. utmp.5 Mike Frysinger Added text on biarch details for ut_session and ut_tv. capabilities.7 mtk Added CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL and CAP_AUDIT_WRITE. ip.7 mtk / Andrew Pimlott Add a couple of words to make it clear that port is a 16-bit number. Reformat long source lines (no text changed). s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) Hasso Tepper Fix discussion of IPC_RECVTTL / IP_TTL. signal.7 mtk Updated SEE ALSO to reflect splitting of sigaction.2 into sigaction.2, sigsuspend.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2. socket.7 mtk Clarified details of use of SO_PEERCRED. tcp.7 mtk s/SOL_TCP/IPPROTO_TCP/ (POSIX standard name) s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) udp.7 mtk Added description of UDP_CORK socket option. s/SOL_UDP/IPPROTO_UDP/ (POSIX standard name) s/SOL_IP/IPPROTO_IP/ (POSIX standard name) ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.09 ==================== Released: 2005-10-13 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Justin Pryzby Peter Chubb Samuel Thibault Tomas Pospisek Trond Myklebust Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- ptsname.3 getpt.3 unlockpt.3 openpty.3 posix_openpt.3 grantpt.3 pts.4 tty_ioctl.4 mtk Added SEE ALSO for new pty.7 page. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- pty.7 mtk Overview of Unix 98 and BSD pseudo-terminals. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 mtk Remove "-V" option (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). fcntl.2 Peter Chubb / Trond Myklebust / mtk Since kernel 2.6.10, a read lease can only be placed on a file descriptor that is opened read-only. See the following LKML thread of Aug 2005 ("fcntl(F GETLEASE) semantics??"): http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112371777712197&w=2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112374818213000&w=2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112376335305284&w=2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112377294030092&w=2 mprotect.2 mtk Add new text to ENOMEM error. mremap.2 mtk Added description of MREMAP_FIXED and 'new_address' argument under NOTES. Revised text of EINVAL error. read.2 Samuel Thibault / mtk read() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT mtk Added open(2) to SEE ALSO. shmget.2 mtk s/int/size_t/ for type of 'size' argument (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). write.2 Samuel Thibault / mtk write() can fail with EINVAL when using O_DIRECT atanh.3 mtk Fix: s/acosh/atanh/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). fopen.3 mtk Improved "a+" description (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). getrpcent.3 mtk s/getrpcent/setrpcent/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). stdio.3 mtk / Justin Pryzby Removed references to fropen() and fwopen(), which are BSDisms that don't appear in glibc. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=331174 strftime.3 mtk Typo fix: %Ry ==> %Ey [SUSv3 mentions...] (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). nsswitch.conf.5 mtk s/network/networks/ (fix from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). proc.5 mtk Added description of /proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout. socket.7 mtk Update description of SO_RCVLOWAT and SO_SNDLOWAT. (fix derived from Fedora man-pages-2.07-7). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.10 ==================== Released: 2005-10-19 Global changes -------------- The changes in this release consist *solely* of formatting fixes, with the aim bringing greater consistency to the manual pages according to the following rules: -- Function name references should *always* be followed by parentheses, "()" (possibly containing a manual page section number). -- The parentheses following a function name should *not* be formatted. Thus, for example, instead of: .B name() one should write: .BR name () Much of the change was automated using two scripts: add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh and unformat_parens.sh. For the (possible) benefit of downstream manual page maintainers and translators, I have placed these scripts in a new subdirectory 'scripts'. NOTE THE FOLLOWING POINTS WELL: -- These scripts provide a computer-assisted solution to the above two goals. However, they are not perfect, and their output should be scanned by a human. (To see what changes the two scripts *would* make, without making them, use the "-n" command line option.) -- The scripts do not fix all instances that violate the above rules: some manual fixes are required. Two further scripts are provided to help find remaining instances of function names without following "()": find_dots_no_parens.sh and find_slashes_no_parens.sh. The following changes were made: -- add_parens_for_own_funcs.sh was applied to the pages in Sections 2 and 3. -- unformat_parens.sh was applied to pages in Sections 2, 3, 4, and 7 (the only sections where such changes were required). -- further changes (not so very many) were performed by hand. (found places to fix with the assistance of find_dots_no_parens.sh and find_slashes_no_parens.sh). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.11 ==================== Released: 2005-10-24 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain PORTAL Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk Most instances of the constant "NULL" are not formatted (bolded) in man pages, but a few are. For consistency, formatting on "NULL" has been removed where it occurred. Many minor formatting fixes were made. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getrlimit.2 mtk Added EINVAL error for rlim_cur > rlim_max when calling setrlimit(). path_resolution.2 mtk Repaired discussion of capabilities and file system UID, which mistakenly had involved exec() in the discussion. prctl.2 mtk Removed text saying there is no library interface. There is nowadays. mkfifo.3 mtk Minor change to RETURN VALUE text. sk98lin.4 Alain Portal Formatting fixes. capabilities.7 mtk Minor changes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.12 ==================== Released: 2005-10-31 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro MOTOKI Andries Brouwer Brian M. Carlson herbert Martin Landers Michael Benedict Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mlock.2 mtk Reworded text around PAGESIZE, noting also that sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) can be used. path_resolution.2 mtk / aeb Removed words "as well" (added in 2.11) from the phrase "and it gets these last five capabilities if its fsuid is 0 as well" since there are (unusual) situations in which fsuid can be 0 while the effective UID is not. Reworked (cut down) discussion of capabilities, moving part of it into capabilities.7 setresuid.2 mtk Add text to note that setresuid() always modifies the file system UID, and setresgid() likewise always modifies the file system GID. shmget.2 mtk Added (brief) description of SHM_HUGETLB. sigaltstack.2 mtk / Martin Landers Noted that ss_sp is automatically aligned by the kernel. byteorder.3 Brian M. Carlson / herbert Change to in prototype; add text explaining that some systems need the former header. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265244 capabilities.7 mtk Reworked part of the discussion of exec() and capabilities. Added sub-section "Effect of User ID Changes on Capabilities". Reworked discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and file-max. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.13 ==================== Released: 2005-11-03 This release consists entirely of formatting and typographical fixes. Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Various pages mtk Function and page cross references that were italicized were made bold (which is how the majority of function and page cross references were already done). Various pages mtk Instances of things like "NULL-terminated string" were changed to "null-terminated string". Various pages mtk Pathnames, structures, arguments, and that were bold were changed to italics. Various pages mtk Instances of the constant "NULL" that were bold-faced were made unformatted (which is how most instances of "NULL" were already formatted.) ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.14 ==================== Released: 2005-11-17 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Angelo Avery Pennarun Justin Pryzby Martin (Joey) Schulze Stefan Brüns Volker Reichelt Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- rexec.3 mtk / Justin Pryzby This page is taken as is from the FreeBSD 5.4 distribution. (Not checked against Linux reality, but likely things are the same.) See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=336875 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- arch_prctl.2 mtk Updated discussion about lack of prototype in glibc. execve.2 mtk Improved description of E2BIG error: it relates to the sum of the bytes in both environment and argument list. fcntl.2 mtk Clarified parts of the discussion of file leases, noting effect of open(O_NONBLOCK), interruption by signal handler, or termination by signal in lease breaker. In response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037 stat.2 mtk / Stefan Brüns Added LINUX NOTES describing nanosecond timestamps. frexp.3 Volker Reichelt / mtk Fixed to point out that frexp() returns a number whose *absolute* value is >= 0.5 and < 1. Amended the example program to demonstrate this. open.2 mtk / Avery Pennarun Add EWOULDBLOCK error for file leases. In response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=339037 putenv.3 mtk Although the glibc implementation returns -1 on error (and some other man pages (e.g., the BSDs) also document that value for error returns), SUSv3 merely says "non-zero" (and this is what manual pages on many implementations also say). posix_memalign.3 mtk Formerly, the page said that all systems declare memalign() in . In fact, many declare it in . strtok.3 mtk Almost a complete rewrite after Angelo pointed out that the existing page was deficient. sd.4 Martin Schulze Remove SEE ALSO for nonexistent scsi.4. proc.5 mtk Updated discussion of /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max. signal.7 mtk Added pthreads.7 to SEE ALSO. ld.so.8 mtk Fix typo: s/LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT/LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT/ ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.15 ==================== Released: 2005-11-30 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer James Vega Malcolm Scott Senthil Kumar Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- sigvec.3 -- for details, see below. sigset.3 -- for details, see below. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- kill.2 mtk Added text describing the 2.6.[0-7] EPERM bug that occurred when sending signals to a process group. sigaction.2 mtk Noted that si_signo is unused on Linux. sigpending.2 mtk Added BUGS noting wrapper function problem that existed in glibc versions <= 2.2.1. sigpause.2 mtk Moved to section 3; see also sigpause.3 below. sigsetops.3 mtk Added a GLIBC NOTES section describing sigisemptyset(), sigandset(), and sigorset(). sigvec.2 sigblock.2 mtk These pages have been deleted, and replaced by a new sigvec.3 man page that more fully describes the BSD signal API. siggetmask.2 sigmask.2 sigsetmask.2 mtk These links to the now-deleted sigblock.2 have been also been deleted. They are replaced by corresponding links in Section 3: sigmask.3, sigsetmask.3, siggetmask.3. sigvec.3 mtk This new page is provides a fuller description of the BSD signal API than was provided in the now-deleted sigvec.2 and sigblock.2. sigblock.3 siggetmask.3 sigmask.3 sigsetmask.3 mtk Created as links to sigvec.3. sigpause.3 mtk Moved here from Section 2. Some minor wording fixes; clarified System V origins of X/Open flavor of this function. sigset.3 mtk New page describing the System V signal API: sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse(), sigignore(). strftime.3 James Vega Add further text clarifying that %+ specifier is not supported in glibc2. mtk Added GLIBC NOTES section describing optional 'flag' and 'width' components of conversion specifiers. Some wording changes to bring terminology closer to SUSv3. Added an example program. vm86old.2 mtk / aeb Add as new link to vm86.2. intro.7 mtk Added a few words to reflect the fact that several of the section 7 pages provide overviews of various topics. signal.7 mtk Added some SEE ALSO entries. socket.7 Senthil Kumar / mtk Added text noting that select()/poll() do not respect SO_RCVLOWAT. udp.7 Malcolm Scott s/tcp_socket/udp_socket/ in example Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340927 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.16 ==================== Released: 2005-12-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alan Stern Andries Brouwer Urs Thuermann Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- HOWTOHELP Urs Thuermann Added instructions for finding maintainer in Debian package. poll.2 mtk Added NOTES about INFTIM constant provided on some other implementations. shmop.2 Alan Stern The -1 error return of shmat() should be cast "(void *)". strftime.3 aeb Remove junk text (actually intended as source code comment in page). ip.7 Urs Thuermann Fix a typo: s/SOCK_RAW/SOCK_PACKET/ packet.7 Urs Thuermann Clarification: s%SOCK_PACKET%PF_INET/SOCK_PACKET% ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.17 ==================== Released: 2005-12-13 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Justin Pryzby Michael Haardt Urs Thuermann Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- fmemopen.3 Walter Harms / mtk New documentation for the glibc-specific fmemopen() and open_memstream(). Based on glibc info page. pipe.7 mtk (with prompting and suggestions for improvements by Michael Haardt) New page providing overview of pipes and FIFOs. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- HOWTOHELP mtk Added notes on how to write example programs for manual pages. fork.2 mtk Added pointers to examples of fork() in wait.2 and pipe.2. pipe.2 mtk Added an example program. Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page. wait.2 mtk Added example program demonstrating use of fork() and waitpid(). carg.3 Justin Pryzby Delete line that should have been deleted when applying 2.08 fix for this page. getaddrinfo.3 mtk Rearranged EAI_* list alphabetically. inet.3 mtk Added GLIBC NOTES describing feature test macros required to expose declaration of inet_aton(). open_memstream.3 mtk New link to new fmemopen.3. fifo.4 mtk Added SEE ALSO for new pipe.7 page. environ.5 mtk Removed BROWSER, since it seems not in fact to be common. socket.7 Urs Thuermann Added documentation of SO_TIMESTAMP. tcp.7 mtk Noted 200 millisecond ceiling imposed on TCP_CORK. udp.7 mtk Rearranged options into something approximating alphabetical order. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.18 ==================== Released: 2005-12-15 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Justin Pryzby Karsten Sperling Martin (Joey) Schulze Mike Frysinger Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 mtk Added mention of AF_INET6 address family. Added discussion of sockaddr structure and an example in the Unix domain. recv.2 mtk Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order. send.2 mtk Added cross-reference from discussion of MSG_MORE to UDP_CORK in udp(7). Put 'flags' list in alphabetical order. err.3 mtk Added CONFORMING TO section noting that these are non-standard BSDisms. errno.3 Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO for err.3. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 gethostbyname.3 Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk Added references to nsswitch.conf(5); remove cross references to resolv+(8). See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=308397 perror.3 Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO for err.3 . http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 resolver.3 mtk / Martin (Joey) Schulze Remove cross references to resolv+(8); add cross references to resolv.conf(5). See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=214892 Added SEE ALSO entry for resolver(5); see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=251122 strerror.3 mtk / Stefan Puiu Rewrote and extended the discussion of the two flavors of strerror_r(), and added some additional information on strerror(). Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO for err.3, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=306867 elf.5 Mike Frysinger Fix three typos in identifier names. operator.7 Karsten Sperling The + operator should be in the list of unary operators. raw.7 mtk Small wording changes around discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. Fixed a couple of wording errors elsewhere. Reformatted some long lines. socket.7 mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. Reformatted some long lines. Noted the Linux-specific feature whereby setsockopt() doubles the value given for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF. Noted kernel-imposed minimum values for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF. udp.7 mtk, after a note by Stefan Puiu Updated discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT. unix.7 mtk Added new (UN)SUPPORTED FEATURES section in which it is noted that Unix domain sockets do not support MSG_OOB or MSG_MORE. Noted details of SO_SNBUF and SO_RCVBUF support for Unix domain sockets. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.19 ==================== Released: 2005-12-23 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Walter Harms Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- HOWTOHELP mtk Minor changes. bind.2 Stefan Puiu / mtk Remove text under EINVAL error: "This may change in the future: see linux/unix/sock.c for details." This behavior has been unchanged for a long time, and seems unlikely to change. Add EADDRINUSE to errors. send.2 aeb Add cmsg(3) to SEE ALSO. fopen.3 Walter Harms / mtk Added description of 'x' mode character (exclusive open). pipe.7 mtk / aeb Some wording changes to description of pipes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.20 ==================== Released: 2006-01-03 Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- sigaltstack.2 mtk Added some text to explain the usual scenario in which sigaltstack() is employed. getloadavg.3 mtk Noted that this function is available since glibc 2.2. strcpy.3 mtk s/nulls/null bytes/ capabilities.7 mtk Noted that capability bounding set appeared with kernel 2.2.11. arp.7 icmp.7 ip.7 ipv6.7 netdevice.7 packet.7 raw.7 rtnetlink.7 socket.7 tcp.7 unix.7 udp.7 mtk The only changes to these pages have been for formatting: -- Structure definitions were changed to K&R style -- Some long source lines were broken to fit into ~70 character lines. No changes were made to the content of these pages (yet...). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.21 ==================== Released: 2006-01-16 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Falk Hueffner Mike Frysinger Senthil Kumar Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- dd.1 cp.1 truncate.2 gethostname.2 lseek.2 listxattr.2 readlink.2 sysfs.2 stat.2 ustat.2 uname.2 getdomainname.2 argz_add.3 asprintf.3 confstr.3 bstring.3 bzero.3 dlopen.3 fwide.3 gethostbyname.3 getline.3 getlogin.3 getnameinfo.3 getpass.3 hsearch.3 perror.3 printf.3 readdir.3 scanf.3 stpcpy.3 strdup.3 strfmon.3 strftime.3 string.3 strptime.3 sysconf.3 termios.3 ttyname.3 dsp56k.4 tty_ioctl.4 elf.5 proc.5 termcap.5 charsets.7 unix.7 mtk Various pages use inconsistent terms for 'null byte' (which is the C99/SUSv3 term for the '\0' character). To rectify this the following changes were made in the above pages: Replace 'zero byte' with 'null byte'. Replace 'null character' with 'null byte'. Replace 'nulls' with 'null bytes'. Replace 'NUL-terminated' by 'null-terminated'. Replace 'NUL' by 'null byte'. Replace 'terminating NUL' by 'terminating null byte'. Replace 'final NUL' by 'terminating null byte'. Replace 'NUL character' by 'null byte'. Various pages mtk Replace "SysV"/"SYSV" by "System V". Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 mtk Noted bug that could wrongly cause EPERM in unprivileged capset() with 'pid' field == getpid(). epoll_ctl.2 mtk Noted that EPOLLONESHOT was added in 2.6.2. gethostname.2 mtk Added GLIBC NOTES describing operation of glibc's gethostname() wrapper function. mmap.2 mtk / Mike Frysinger Clarify relationship between mmap2(2) and mmap64(3). mtk A few other small rewordings. mmap64.3 Mike Frysinger New link to mmap.2. open.2 mtk Added BUG noting that O_ASYNC can't be enabled via open(): fcntl() must be used for this purpose. recv.2 Stefan Puiu Relocate misplaced discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT. dlopen.3 mtk Rewrote discussion of dlopen() 'flag' argument; added descriptions of RTLD_NOLOAD, RTLD_DELETE, and RTLD_DEEPBIND. Noted use of atexit() to register a function that is automatically called when a library is unloaded. fmemopen.3 mtk Rewrote substantial parts of the page, and relicensed under GPL. fseeko.3 Mike Frysinger Add RETURN VALUE section. getopt.3 mtk Noted historical use of to declare getopt(). qsort.3 mtk / Falk Hueffner Clarify how strcmp() should be used as the 'compar' function by providing an example. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348072 proc.5 mtk Noted that /proc/mounts is pollable since kernel 2.6.15. Documented /proc/PID/task. Noted that the contents of /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,fd,root,task} are not available if the main thread has terminated. Senthil Kumar Add pointer to random(4) for description of files under /proc/sys/kernel/random. udp.7 Stefan Puiu / mtk Small rewording of discussion of SO_BSDCOMPAT (add cross-ref to socket(7)). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.22 ==================== Released: 2006-02-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andre Noll Andries Brouwer Colin Tuckley Stefan Puiu Thomas Hood Thorsten Kukuk Walter Harms Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mmap.2 aeb / mtk Noted that portable applications should specify fd as -1 when using MAP_ANONYMOUS. Some rewriting of description of MAP_ANONYMOUS. rt_sigreturn.2 Thorsten Kukuk New link to sigreturn.2. rt_sigsuspend.2 mtk New link to sigsuspend.2. waitid.2 mtk Noted that waitid() does not set infop->si_uid field on most other implementations. getopt.3 Walter harms / mtk Make clear that when calling getopt_long() and there are no short options, then 'optstring' should be "", not NULL. openpty.3 Thomas Hood / mtk In glibc 2.0.92, openpty() was modified to preferably open Unix 98 ptys instead of BSD ptys. qsort.3 mtk Small rewording under EXAMPLES. strtol.3 strtoul.3 Stefan Puiu s/string must begin/string may begin/ proc.5 mtk Documented inotify files under /proc/sys/fs/inotify: max_queued_events, max_user_instances, and max_user_watches. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.23 ==================== Released: 2006-02-10 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Britton Leo Kerin Dan Jacobson Justin Pryzby Luc Van Oostenryck Kurt Wall Martin (Joey) Schulze Matthias Andree Robert Love Samuel Thibault Urs Thuermann Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- inotify_init.2 inotify_add_watch.2 inotify_rm_watch.2 Robert Love, with some additions by mtk. New pages describing the inotify API. mbind.2 get_mempolicy.2 set_mempolicy.2 Andi Kleen, with additional work by mtk New pages describing the NUMA memory allocation policy API. Drawn from the set at ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/ak/numa. rtc.4 Urs Thuermann, with additional work by mtk New page describing the real-time clock driver. inotify.7 mtk Overview of the inotify API. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Andi Kleen On x86, clone() should not be called through vsyscall, but directly through "int $0x80". fcntl.2 mtk Small wording changes. Added cross-ref to inotify.7 under the description of dnotify. kill.2 mtk / Britton Leo Kerin Small wording change under NOTES to clarify what happens when a process sends a signal to itself. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350236 mlock.2 mtk / Matthias Andree Added BUGS txt on interaction between MCL_FUTURE and RLIMIT_MEMLOCK. See the following LKML thread: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113801392825023&w=2 "Rationale for RLIMIT_MEMLOCK" msgop.2 mtk / Samuel Thibault Rewrote declaration of 'msgp' to be "void *" in response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=350884 Various other wording fixes. open.2 mtk Clarify distinction between "file creation flags" and "file status flags". read.2 Justin Pryzby Add SEE ALSO for pread(2). As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351873 sched_setaffinity.2 mtk Major rewrite. select.2 mtk Added return types to prototypes for FD_SET(), FD_CLR(), FD_ZERO, and FD_ISSET(). Other minor wording changes. read.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO for pwrite(2). (Analogous with read.2 change above.) errno.3 Kurt Wall / mtk Add Linux specific errors to this page. localeconv.3 mtk Added cross-ref to locale.7 for 'struct lconv' defn. Other minor wording changes. Martin (Joey) Schulze Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3 As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831 scanf.3 mtk / Justin Pryzby Minor formatting & wording fixes. setlocale.3 Martin (Joey) Schulze Added SEE ALSO refs for nl_langinfo.3 As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351831 proc.5 mtk Migrated description of inotify files to the new inotify.7 page. ascii.7 Dan Jacobson / mtk Add text describing characters 001 to 037. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=342173 locale.7 mtk Minor wording and formatting changes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.24 ==================== Released: 2006-02-17 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Joerg Habenicht Luc Van Oostenryck Mike Frysinger Samuel Thibault Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- get_kernel_syms.2 create_module.2 delete_module.2 init_module.2 query_module.2 FSF / mtk (with assistance of Luc Van Oostenryck) man-pages finally gets pages for these system calls, several of which are obsolete in Linux 2.6. Took the old GPLed pages dated 1996 and made a number of clean-ups and minor additions. Global changes -------------- various pages mtk Change "file name" to "filename" Change "path name" to "pathname" stpncpy.3 strstr.3 strcmp.3 toupper.3 strlen.3 stpcpy.3 puts.3 strdup.3 strtok.3 isalpha.3 strspn.3 gets.3 strpbrk.3 mtk after a suggestion from Samuel Thibault Added SEE ALSO pointers to wide character equivalent functions See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351996 Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Remove duplicate CLONE_STOPPED text. Commented out crufty text describing EINVAL error for the now obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag. Under CLONE_SIGHAND, noted that 'flags' must also include CLONE_VM if CLONE_SIGHAND is specified. fcntl.2 mtk Under ERRORS: Separate out EAGAIN error for locking mmaped files. inotify_add_watch.2 mtk Minor wording fix. msgop.2 mtk Documented the EAGAIN error for msgrcv(). fnmatch.3 Mike Frysinger / mtk Expand explanation of FNM_PATHNAME. lockf.3 Joerg Habenicht / mtk Fix up discussion of EAGAIN/EACCESS errors. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.25 ==================== Released: 2006-03-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: James Peach Krzysztof Benedyczak Marten von Gagern Michael Haardt Michael Wronksi Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- mq_close.3 mq_getattr.3 mq_notify.3 mq_open.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 mq_unlink.3 mtk New pages describing POSIX message queue API. posix_fallocate.3 mtk, after a suggestion by James Peach New page describing posix_fallocate(). mq_overview.7 mtk New page giving overview of the POSIX message queue API. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- lseek.2 Michael Haardt Add a case to the EINVAL error text. mtk Various minor wording fixes Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3. posix_fadvise.2 mtk Added "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600" to prototype. Added SEE ALSO referring to new posix_fallocate.3. proc.5 mtk Migrated information on POSIX message queues to new mqueue.7 page. inotify.7 Marten von Gagern Fix thinko: s/assuming a non-blocking/assuming a blocking/ ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.26 ==================== Released: 2006-03-21 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andi Kleen Andries Brouwer Christoph Lameter Hasso Tepper Justin Pryzby Martin (Joey) Schulze Nicolas François Paul Brook Siward de Groot Steve Beattie Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- clone.2 getdents.2 gettid.2 llseek.2 mmap2.2 modify_ldt.2 pivot_root.2 quotactl.2 readdir.2 sysctl.2 syslog.2 tkill.2 mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie Added comment in SYNOPSIS to note that syscall(2) may be preferable over _syscallN (see intro(2)). Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.) New pages --------- openat.2 mtk New page describing openat(2), added in kernel 2.6.16, and some notes on rationale for the at*(2) system calls. mbind.2 Andi Kleen, Christoph Lameter, mtk Added MPOL_MF_MOVE and MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL descriptions, from numactl-0.9.2 man page. Plus a few other smaller fixes. fexecve.3 mtk New page describing fexecve(3). futimes.3 mtk New page describing futimes(3). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3. intro.2 mtk, aeb, Steve Beattie Added some notes on syscall(2) versus _syscall. msgctl.2 msgget.2 msgop.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO pointing to mq_overview.7. open.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO pointing to new openat.2. Split out part of the RETURN VALUE text into separate NOTES section. Modified wording referring to raw(8) to indicate that this interface is deprecated. poll.2 mtk Added discussion of ppoll(2), which is new in 2.6.16. ppoll.2 mtk New link to poll.2. recvmsg.2 sendmsg.2 mtk / Paul Brook Added text to note that although POSIX says msg_controllen should be socklen_t, glibc actually uses size_t. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=356502 and the associated glibc bug report. http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2448 mtk Various formatting fixes. select.2 mtk Updated to reflect the fact that pselect() has been implemented in the kernel in 2.6.16; various other minor wording changes. pselect() prototype needs "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600". tempnam.3 Justin Pryzby Clean up description of EEXIST error. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=357893 unlink.2 mtk Added a little extra text to clarify EISDIR vs EPERM. utime.2 mtk Added new SEE ALSO entry pointing to new futimes.3 page. exec.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO pointing to new fexecve.3. shm_unlink.3 mtk New link to shm_open.3 (should have been made when page was originally written). swab.3 Walter Harms Add needed "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE". undocumented.3 mtk Updated to remove a few function names that are now documented. capabilities.7 mtk Various changes to bring this page closer to current kernel versions. inotify.7 mtk Noted that glibc 2.4 is required to get glibc support for inotify. mq_overview.7 mtk Some rewording and added a few words about System V message queues. netlink.7 Hasso Tepper Substantial updates to various parts of this page. mtk, Alain Portal Minor fixes pthreads.7 mtk Updated to reflect that the NPTL limitation that only the main thread could call setsid() and setpgid() was removed in 2.6.16. raw.7 Hasso Tepper Removed text implying that only in kernel 2.2 does IP_HDRINCL prevent datagrams from being fragmented. socket.7 mtk Documented SO_SNDBUFFORCE and SO_RCVBUFFORCE socket options, new in 2.6.14. Placed socket options in alphabetical order. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.27 ==================== Released: 2006-03-24 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Charles P. Wright Christoph Lameter Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> Daniel Jacobowitz Ingo Molnar Heiko Carstens Janak Desai Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- man7/* mtk Various minor formatting changes were done on a range of pages in Section 7. (No content was changed.) New pages --------- unshare.2 mtk, with reference to documentation by Janak Desai New page describing unshare(2), added in kernel 2.6.16. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 fork.2 vfork.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO pointing to new unshare.2. mbind.2 Christoph Lameter MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL requires CAP_SYS_NICE not CAP_SYS_RESOURCE. mremap.2 mtk Clarified the description of MREMAP_FIXED and restructured the text to reflect the fact that this flag is exposed by glibc since version 2.4. ptrace.2 Chuck Ebbert, with assistance from Daniel Jacobowitz, Paolo (Blaisorblade) Giarrusso, and Charles P. Wright; after a suggestion from Heiko Carstens. Document the following ptrace requests: PTRACE_SETOPTIONS (2.4.6) plus associated flags: PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD (2.4.6) PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK (2.5.46) PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK (2.5.46) PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE (2.5.46) PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC (2.5.46) PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE (2.5.60) PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT (2.5.60) PTRACE_SETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6) PTRACE_GETSIGINFO (2.3.99-pre6) PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG (2.5.46) PTRACE_SYSEMU (since Linux 2.6.14) PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP (since Linux 2.6.14) sched_get_priority_max.2 sched_setscheduler.2 sched_setparam.2 mtk, Ingo Molnar Modified to document SCHED_BATCH policy, new in kernel 2.6.16. Text describing SCHED_BATCH was added to sched_setscheduler.2, and was drawn in part from Ingo Molnar's description in the mail message containing the patch that implemented this policy. Various other minor rewordings and formatting fixes. proc.5 mtk, using text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt Document /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, new in kernel 2.6.16. mtk, using information from ChangeLog-2.6.14. Document /proc/PID/smaps, new in kernel 2.6.14. capabilities.7 mtk Noted affect of CAP_SYS_NICE for mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL). pthreads.7 mtk Kernel 2.6.16 eliminated buggy behavior with respect to the alternate signal stack. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.28 ==================== Released: 2006-03-31 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aleksandr Blokhin Greg Johnson Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- sem_post.3 sem_getvalue.3 sem_close.3 sem_open.3 sem_destroy.3 sem_wait.3 sem_unlink.3 sem_init.3 sem_overview.7 mtk New pages describing the POSIX semaphores API. These pages supersede and provide a superset of the information in the glibc (3thr) "semaphores(3)" manual page. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ppoll.2 Aleksandr Blokhin Fix broken link. ptrace.2 mtk Wrapped long lines (no content changes). semctl.2 semget.2 semop.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO pointing to the new sem_overview.7 page. elf.5 Greg Johnson Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent core(5). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.29 ==================== Released: 2006-04-06 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Michael Haardt Roberto Jimenoca Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- getrlimit.2 prctl.2 sigaction.2 elf.5 signal.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new core.5 page. New pages --------- mkdirat.2 mtk New page describing mkdirat(2), new in 2.6.16. mknodat.2 mtk New page describing mknodat(2), new in 2.6.16. core.5 mtk New page describing core dump files. mkfifoat.3 mtk New page describing mkfifoat(3). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 getpeername.2 getsockname.2 Michael Haardt / mtk Document EINVAL error for 'len' argument < 0. fcntl.2 mtk Expanded discussion of mandatory locking. getrlimit.2 mtk Added BUGS text on 2.6.x handling of RLIMIT_CPU limit of zero seconds. See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112256338703880&w=2 mkdir.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkdirat.2. mknod.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mknodat.2. open.2 mtk / Roberto Jimenoca Clarified discussion of file types affected by O_NONBLOCK. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=360243 openat.2 mtk Rewrote NOTES describing rationale for openat(). Various other minor changes. recv.2 Stefan Puiu Removed a misleading cross-ref to socket.2. shmop.2 mtk Since 2.6.17-rc1, shmdt() gives the error EINVAL in a further circumstance: if shmaddr is not aligned on a page boundary. unshare.2 mtk Remove text saying that specifying invalid flags "is likely to cause compatibility problems" since the kernel now (2.6.17-rc1) contains an explicit check for invalid bits with a consequent EINVAL error. mkfifo.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to new mkfifoat.3. proc.5 mtk Information on core_pattern and core_uses_pid has been migrated to the new core.5 page. ip.7 Stefan Puiu Removed paragraph referring to obsolete ipchains / ipfw(4). sem_overview.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO entry referring to pthreads.7. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.30 ==================== Released: 2006-04-17 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andre Lehovich Andries Brouwer Karel Kulhavy Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- linkat.2 mtk New page describing linkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 renameat.2 mtk New page describing renameat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 symlinkat.2 mtk New page describing symlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 unlinkat.2 mtk New page describing unlinkat(), new in kernel 2.6.16 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- link.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new linkat.2 page. openat.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entries pointing to new *at.2 pages. rename.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new renameat.2 page. rmdir.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page. symlink.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new symlinkat.2 page. unlink.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to new unlinkat.2 page. termios.3 mtk / Karel Kulhavy Document the feature test macros required to expose various flags. Karel Kulhavy Clarify 'speed' argument for cfsetispeed() text. Karel Kulhavy / mtk Note that LOBLK is not implemented on Linux. mtk Clarify arguments for cfsetspeed(). Various formatting changes. full.4 Andre Lehovich Add a sentence describing the purpose of full(4). core.5 aeb / mtk Rework text describing circumstances in which core dump files are not produced. mtk / Stefan Puiu A core dump of a multithreaded process always includes the PID in the core filename. mtk / Stefan Puiu Eliminate some accidentally duplicated text. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.31 ==================== Released: 2006-05-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Joshua Kwan Justin Pryzby Karel Kulhavy Mark Glines Martin (Joey) Schulze Nishanth Aravamudan Reuben Thomas Ryan S. Arnold Ulrich Drepper Apologies if I missed anyone! Page renamings -------------- The following pages have been relocated into section 7, since that is their more natural home. SEE ALSO references in various other pages have been adjusted. epoll.4 fifo.4 futex.4 complex.5 environ.5 (many pages outside man-pages actually *expect* 'environ' to be in Section 7.) ipc.5 renamed to svipc.7 ".so" link files have been created to link the old file locations to the new file locations. These links are added just to ensure that cross references from any other (non-man-pages) pages will remain valid; eventually these links will be removed. New pages --------- fstatat.2 mtk New page for fstatat(2), new in 2.6.16. adjtime.3 mtk New page for adjtime(3). error.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk New page describing error() and error_at_line() Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=186307 program_invocation_name.3 mtk New page describing program_invocation_name and program_invocation_short_name variables. sockatmark.3 mtk New page for sockatmark(3). ftm.7 mtk New page describing feature test macros. time.7 mtk New page giving an overview of "time" on Linux systems. Global changes -------------- getgroups.2 wait4.2 chown.2 chdir.2 gettimeofday.2 initgroups.3 dirfd.3 mtk Simplified wording around requirement for _BSD_SOURCE feature test macro. times.2 time.2 gettimeofday.2 getitimer.2 nanosleep.2 ctime.3 rtc.4 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to new time.7. err.3 errno.3 perror.3 strerror.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to new error.3. getdate.3 printf.3 scanf.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to setlocale.3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 Mark Glines Remove mention of SOCK_RDM from this page, since this socket type does not support accept()ing connections. adjtimex.2 mtk Modified text referring to adjtime(); added SEE ALSO for new adjtime.3 page. fsync.2 mtk, after a note by Karel Kulhavy Rewrote most of the DESCRIPTION, as well as some other parts the page, to clarify use and operation of, and rationale for, fsync(2) and fdatasync(2). getitimer.2 mtk Updated discussion of maximum timer value to reflect the fact that the default jiffy is now 4 milliseconds. Added text to note that current incorrect behavior of normalizing tv_usec >= 1000000 will be repaired in a future kernel; applications should be fixed now. gettimeofday.2 Karel Kulhavy Point out more explicitly that 'tz' argument should normally be NULL. mtk Various other minor edits and formatting fixes. mount.2 mtk Since kernel 2.6.16, MS_NOATIME and MS_NODIRATIME are settable on a per-mount basis. Detail exactly which mount flags can be changed on MS_REMOUNT. nanosleep.2 mtk / Karel Kulhavy Clarify RETURN VALUE discussion. openat.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2. program_invocation_short_name.3 mtk New link to new program_invocation_name.3. recv.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO for new sockatmark.3. rmdir.2 Joshua Kwan / Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk Correct wording of EBUSY case. mtk Add ".." case to ENOTEMPTY error select.2 Karel Kulhavy Note more clearly that fd_set arguments can be NULL. mtk / Karel Kulhavy Improve opening paragraph describing purpose of select(). mtk Various other minor edits and formatting fixes. semget.2 mtk / Nishanth Aravamudan Add text to noting that the initial values of semaphores in a new set are indeterminate. shmget.2 mtk Add text noting that contents of newly created segment are zero values. sigwaitinfo.2 mtk Noted that all threads should block signal being waited for. stat.2 Nishanth Aravamudan / mtk Added NOTE that st_size is always returned as zero for most /proc files. mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fstatat.2. syscall.2 Justin Pryzby / mtk Remove bogus BUGS text. utime.2 mtk Various minor changes. confstr.3 mtk Rewrote RETURN VALUE discussion. Updated CONFORMING TO. Removed BUGS. ctanh.3 Martin (Joey) Schulze / mtk Fix errors in DESCRIPTION. ctime.3 mtk The range of tm_sec is 0..60 (not 0..61). error_at_line.3 error_message_count.3 error_on_per_line.3 error_print_progname.3 mtk New links to new error.3. fmemopen.3 mtk / Ryan S. Arnold Add text noting that explicitly controlling output buffering may be useful to catch errors on output operations on an fmemopen() stream. getline.3 Justin Pryzby Add SEE ALSO pointing to getline.3. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=364772 strtod.3 strtoul.3 mtk Describe correct handling of errno in order to distinguish error from success after the call. Added EXAMPLE section which points to strtol.3 which provides an example of the use of the analogous strtol(3). strtol.3 mtk / Justin Pryzby Add an example program. mtk Describe correct handling or errno in order to distinguish error from success after the call. tmpfile.3 Reuben Thomas DESCRIPTION does not need to say "temporary file name" just "temporary file", since the name is in any case unavailable to the user. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=363518 mtk In DESCRIPTION: Change /automatically deleted when the program terminates normally/ to /automatically deleted when the program terminates/ since deletion occurs on both normal and abnormal termination. ip.7 Karel Kulhavy / mtk Various wording improvements and clarifications. signal.7 mtk / Ulrich Drepper Add text noting that a signal's disposition is process-wide, shared by all threads. mtk Add text on changing signal dispositions. Add text on "signal mask and pending signals". Other minor edits. time.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO for new adjtime.3. ld.so.8 Justin Pryzby Remove bogus duplicate line. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.32 ==================== Released: 2006-05-13 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Johannes Weiner Justin Pryzby Karel Kulhavy Paul Brook Pavel Heimlich Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- faccessat.2 mtk New page for faccessat(2), new in 2.6.16. fchmodat.2 mtk New page for fchmodat(2), new in 2.6.16. fchownat.2 mtk New page for fchownat(2), new in 2.6.16. futimesat.2 mtk New page for futimesat(2), new in 2.6.16. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2 page. capget.2 mtk Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread. chmod.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchmodat.2 page. chown.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new fchownat.2 page. mmap.2 mtk Updated discussion of MAP_NORESERVE since it is no longer restricted to MAP_PRIVATE mappings. Add reference to discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory in proc.5. openat.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, futimesat.2 pages. shmget.2 mtk Document SHM_NORESERVE flag, new in 2.6.15. truncate.2 Paul Brook / mtk Expand text noting that ftruncate()/truncate() may fail if asked to extend a file beyond its current length. Add EPERM error. utime.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page. fopen.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk Document 'm' (mmap) flag. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=365754 mtk Document 'c' (notcancel) flag. futimes.3 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference pointing to new futimesat.2 page. qsort.3 Johannes Weiner Add missing "const" qualifies to cast in EXAMPLE. mtk Slight rewording of comments in EXAMPLE. termios.3 Karel Kulhavy Clarify meaning of IXANY. Clarify relationship of MIN with VMIN and TIME with VTIME. mtk Noted that CIBAUD, OFDEL, and DELECHO are not implemented on Linux. Added explanatory paragraph for phrases "not in POSIX" and "XSI". capabilities.7 mtk Reworded to reflect that capabilities are per-thread. Add ioprio_set() to list of operations permitted by CAP_SYS_NICE. Add ioprio_set() IOPRIO_CLASS_RT and IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE scheduling classes to list of operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN. Note effects of CAP_SYS_NICE for migrate_pages(). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.33 ==================== Released: 2006-05-23 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Justin Pryzby Martin Osvald" Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! Page renamings -------------- ftm.7 mtk / Stefan Puiu renamed to the more suggestive feature_test_macros.7 New pages --------- mq_getsetattr.2 mtk New page briefly describing mq_getsetattr(2), the system call that underlies mq_setattr(3) and mq_getattr(3). rpmatch.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk New page for rpmatch(3). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- chmod.2 mtk Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC. POSIX does now document ELOOP. open.2 mtk Remove mention of non-standard S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC. mmap.2 Justin Pryzby Add mincore(2) to SEE ALSO. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367401 msync.2 Justin Pryzby Note that EINVAL can also be caused by flags == MS_SYNC | MS_ASYNC. sched_setaffinity.2 mtk Add CPU_ISSET, CPU_CLR, CPU_SET, CPU_ZERO to NAME section. select.2 mtk Various minor changes. select_tut.2 mtk Removed much material that is redundant with select.2. Various other changes. umask.2 mtk Substantial rewrite of description of 'mask'. CPU_ISSET.3 CPU_CLR.3 CPU_SET.3 CPU_ZERO.3 mtk New links to sched_setaffinity.2 FD_CLR.3 FD_ISSET.3 FD_SET.3 FD_ZERO.3 mtk New links to select.2. fts.3 Justin Pryzby Add SEE also referring to ftw.3. ftw.3 Justin Pryzby Add SEE also referring to fts.3. getline.3 Justin Pryzby Various minor clarifications. mkstemp.3 mtk Clarify that O_EXCL is an open(2) flag. mq_open.3 Martin Osvald Fix prototype declaration for 'attr'. mq_notify.3 Martin Osvald s/sigev_signal/sigev_signo/ mq_setattr.3 mtk New link to mq_getattr.3. mq_timedreceive.3 mtk New link to mq_receive.3. mq_timedsend.3 mtk New link to mq_send.3. setlocale.3 Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO referring to rpmatch.3. sigandset.3 sigisemptyset.3 sigorset.3 mtk New links to sigsetops.3. stdio.3 Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO referring to unlocked_stdio.3 See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667 strchr.3 Justin Pryzby Add description of strchrnul(). strchrnul.3 mtk New link to strchr.3. undocumented.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk Updated to remove some functions that don't exist, and therefore don't need to be documented. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367671 unlocked_stdio.3 Justin Pryzby Added SEE ALSO referring to stdio.3 See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=367667 mq_overview.7 mtk Added section describing relationship between library interfaces and system calls. Added SEE ALSO referring to new mq_getsetattr.2. feature_test_macros.7 Stefan Puiu Fix typo: s/_POSIX_C_SOURCE/_POSIX_SOURCE/ ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.34 ==================== Released: 2006-06-20 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho bert hubert Chris Curtis Eduardo Madeira Fleury Joerg Scheurich Justin Pryzby Kenichi Okuyama Marc Lehmann Martin (Joey) Schulze Mats Wichmann Mike Frysinger Peter Eiserloh Stefan Puiu Thomas Dickey Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- tzselect.8 zdump.8 zic.8 mtk, Joey Added header comment noting that these pages are in the public domain. bindresvport.3 getrpcent.3 getrpcport.3 rpc.3 xdr.3 rpc.5 mtk, aeb, Joey Added following to top of these pages to clarify origin and license: .\" This page was taken from the 4.4BSD-Lite CDROM (BSD license) New pages --------- ioprio_set.2 Eduardo Madeira Fleury, with edits by mtk, and review by Jens Axboe New page for ioprio_get(2) and ioprio_set(2), new in 2.6.13. offsetof.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk New page describing offsetof() macro. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _exit.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to exit_group.2. acct.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to acct.5. fcntl.2 mtk Explicitly mention term "dnotify" in discussion of F_NOTIFY. inotify_add_watch.2 Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk s/// in prototypes. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 mtk Renamed argument from 'path' to 'pathname'. Reword introductory paragraph to clarify that inotify_add_watch() may also modify an existing watch item. mtk The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify file descriptor. mtk Moved BUGS section from this page to inotify.7. inotify_init.2 Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk s/// in prototypes. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 inotify_rm_watch.2 Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho / mtk s/// in prototypes. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369960 mtk The EINVAL error can also occur if 'fd' is not an inotify file descriptor. ioprio_get.2 mtk New link to new ioprio_set.2. mmap.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to remap_file_pages.2. mount.2 Kenichi Okuyama s/MNT_FORCE/MNT_EXPIRE/ under EINVAL error. mremap.2 Mike Frysinger s/unsigned long flags/int flags/ in SYNOPSIS. pipe.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to popen.3. posix_fadvise.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to readahead.2. read.2 mtk SEE ALSO for readv should refer to Section 2, not 3. readahead.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to posix_fadvise.2. send.2 Peter Eiserloh Fix missing arguments in statement about equivalent send() and sendto() calls. setsid.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to tcgetsid.3. shmctl.2 mtk Minor wording change at start of DESCRIPTION. stat.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to access.2. statfs.2 mtk Relocated "Note" about f_fsid. write.2 mtk SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3. __setfpucw.3 mtk, Joey Added license statement (GPL) after consultation with Joerg Scheurich. assert_perror.3 Justin Pryzby Add #define _GNU_SOURCE to prototype difftime.3 Joey Added note about time_t representation on other systems. Added CONFORMING TO. ftw.3 Justin Pryzby / mtk A fairly major revision... Document FTW_ACTIONRETVAL; include .SH "RETURN VALUE"; Reorganized and rewrote much of the page Added an example program. inet.3 Marc Lehmann Fixed typo in NOTES. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=370277 isalpha.3 Joey Updated CONFORMING TO. mktemp.3 mtk Updated CONFORMING TO. printf.3 Walter Harms Add documentation of %m. readdir.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to ftw.3. re_comp.3 mtk Note that these functions are obsolete in favor of regcomp(3). Justin Pryzby Add SEE ALSO referring to regcomp.3 scandir.3 Mats Wichmann Reworded CONFORMING TO statement on scandir() and alphasort(). strchr.3 Stefan Puiu Fix prototype for strchrnul(). strtoul.3 Stefan Puiu Add text clarifying treatment of strings starting with minus sign. tmpnam.3 mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL). mtk Clarify discussion of use of free(3). Various other minor changes to text and formatting. tmpfile.3 mtk Updated CONFORMING TO. tmpnam.3 mtk, after comments by Justin Pryzby Add text noting the need to use open(O_EXCL). Updated CONFORMING TO. undocumented.3 mtk Remove offsetof(), which is now documented. null.4 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to full.4. console_codes.4 Thomas Dickey Various improvements and corrections. epoll.7 mtk Added CONFORMING TO section mentioning FreeBSD kqueue and Solaris /dev/poll. feature_test_macros.7 mtk Added pointer to location of LFS specification. futex.7 mtk, after suggestion by Joey. Added license statement to page, after discussion with original author, bert hubert. mtk Reformat long lines; no content changes. inotify.7 mtk 'path' argument renamed to 'pathname'. A few minor rewordings. Added BUGS section describing a couple of bugs. ip.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to byteorder.3. man.7 Justin Pryzby Add SEE ALSO referring to groff_man(7). http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=369253 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.35 ==================== Released: 2006-07-06 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andi Kleen Andrew Morton Bauke Jan Douma Davide Libenzi Denis Barbier Horacio Rodriguez Montero Johan Lithander Justin Pryzby Mike Frysinger Stefan Puiu Thorsten Kukuk Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- sync_file_range.2 Andrew Morton / mtk New page for sync_file_range(2), new in kernel 2.6.17. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- adjtime.3 mtk Noted BUG that occurs if 'delta' is specified as NULL. See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761 bind.2 Stefan Puiu Add EADDRNOTAVAIL error. Stefan Puiu / mtk Make example code more complete. epoll_ctl.2 mtk / Davide Libenzi Added EPOLLRDHUP description. mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to poll.2. poll.2 mtk / Davide Libenzi Added POLLRDHUP description. mtk The correct header file is , not . Rewrote and reformatted various other parts. readlink.2 mtk Nowadays, readlink() returns 'ssize_t', as required in POSIX.1-2001. wavelan.4 mtk Added license statement. nscd.conf.5 Thorsten Kukuk Add documentation for various new fields. passwd.5 Horacio Rodriguez Montero Add explanation of 'x' character in 'password' field. mtk The proper name of "*" is "asterisk" not "star". tcp.7 Johan Lithander Update RFC reference for ECN. Andi Kleen Add sentence on "low memory" limit for tcp_mem on 32-bit systems. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.36 ==================== Released: 2006-07-11 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Jens Axboe Justin Pryzby Kyle McMartin Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- MAINTAINING mtk How to maintain man-pages. TODO mtk Things that it would be nice to get done for man-pages one day. scripts/FIXME_list.sh mtk This script, intended for use by manual page maintainers, displays the FIXMEs in the manual page source files. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fdatasync.2 fsync.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to sync_file_range.2. sendfile.2 mtk / Jens Axboe Fix description of 'offset' argument to explain the case where 'offset' is NULL. ferror.3 Justin Pryzby Add SEE ALSO referring to fdopen.3. intro.3 mtk Removed information about Section 3 subsections -- it doesn't reflect current reality, and probably never has. Added SEE ALSO referring to intro.2. tcp.7 Kyle McMartin Correction: tcp_window_scaling is ENabled by default. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.37 ==================== Released: 2006-08-02 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Dean Gaudet Frank van Viegen Helmut Grohne Ivana Varekova Thomas Huriaux Ville Skyttä Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Thomas Huriaux / mtk Various formatting problems found as a result of reviewing the following command were fixed. for a in $(wc -l man?/*.?| awk '$1 > 2 {print $2}' | grep -v total); do echo $a; groff -Tascii -wmac -mman $a > /dev/null; done 2>&1 | less See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378544 Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- readlinkat.2 mtk (after prompting from Ivana Varekova) New page for readlinkat(2), new in kernel 2.6.16. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Ville Skyttä Document "-u" option. chdir.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on current working directory. chroot.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on root directory. epoll_ctl.2 Frank van Viegen / mtk Fix description of EBADF error. exevce.2 mtk Add text noting that effective IDs are copied to saved set-IDs during execve(). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379297 getitimer.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on interval timers. getrlimit.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on resource limits. getpriority.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve(). inotify_add_watch.2 mtk Some rewording; included text describing required file permissions. intro.2 mtk Revised description of standards under CONFORMING TO. makecontext.3 Helmut Grohne / mtk Point out that args following 'argc' are int. mtk Added an example program. Various minor wording fixes. mmap.2 mtk Expand description of MAP_POPULATE. mtk, after prompting by Dean Gaudet Expand description MAP_NONBLOCK. mtk Various minor formatting fixes. openat.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2. nanosleep.2 mtk Noted buggy behavior in Linux 2.4 and earlier when nanosleep() is restarted after receiving stop+SIGCONT signals. nice.2 mtk Very minor rewording. readlink.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO linking to readlinkat.2. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk Noted preservation of scheduling parameters across execve(). setpgid.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on process group ID. setsid.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on session ID. umask.2 mtk Noted effect of fork() and execve() on umask. atexit.3 mtk Noted inheritance of registrations across fork(). capabilities.7 mtk Added material on privileges required for move_pages(). CLONE_NEWNS needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN. keyctl(KEYCTL_CHOWN) and keyctl(KEYCTL_SETPERM) require CAP_SYS_ADMIN. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.38 ==================== Released: 2006-08-03 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Most pages mtk There was a major reworking of the CONFORMING TO sections in most manual pages. * generally try to rationalize the names used for standards. The preferred names are now documented as the head words of the list in standards(7). For the future: there is probably no need to talk about anything more than C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001 (or later), xBSD, and SVr4. (In particular, I've eliminated most references to XPG and SVID, replacing them with references to SUS or SVr4.) * eliminate discussion of errors that can occur on other systems. This information exists only patchily in the manual pages, is probably of limited use, is hard to maintain, and was in some cases simply wrong (and probably always was). * Tried to ensure that those interfaces specified in C99 or POSIX.1-2001 are marked as such in their manual pages. intro.1 intro.2 intro.3 intro.4 intro.5 intro.7 feature_test_macros.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to new standards.7. Various pages mtk Changed instances of "HP UX" to "HP-UX". Various pages mtk Changed instances of "DG-UX to "DG/UX" Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- standards.7 mtk Based on material taken from intro.2, but expanded to include discussion of many additional standards. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 mtk Minor wording change for ENOTSOCK error. intro.2 mtk Removed information on standards to new standards.7. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.39 ==================== Released: 2006-08-05 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk Updated CONFORMING TO and/or standards references in various pages that were missed for 2.38. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- chdir.2 mtk _XOPEN_SOURCE=500 also gets fchdir() prototype. standards.7 mtk Added a few more standards, and expand some explanations. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.40 ==================== Released: 2006-09-04 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andi Kleen Andries Brouwer Christoph Hellwig Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> Samuel Thibault Toralf Förster Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 futimesat.2 linkat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 openat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 symlinkat.2 mtk (after a note by Alain Portal) Make naming of 'pathname' argument consistent; various minor rewordings. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Reinstate text on CLONE_DETACHED, and add a few words. execve.2 mtk Added list of process attributes that are not preserved on exec(). fork.2 mtk, after a suggestion by Christoph Hellwig Greatly expanded, to describe all attributes that differ in parent and child. linkat.2 mtk Document AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW (new in 2.6.18). set_mempolicy.2 mtk / Andi Kleen Memory policy is preserved across execve(). write.2 mtk / Alain Portal SEE ALSO for writev should refer to Section 2, not 3. (i.e., really make the change that was logged in 2.34) getcwd.3 Samuel Thibault / mtk Fix SYNOPSIS and CONFORMING TO text for getwd() and get_current_dir(). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=381692 proc.5 Chuck Ebbert Document /proc/PID/auxv. capabilities.7 Alain Portal Restore text accidentally deleted in 2.39. regex.7 mtk / Alain Portal Change references to "1003.2" to "POSIX.2". ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.41 ==================== Released: 2006-10-12 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Andries Brouwer Andrew Morton Britton Leo Kerin Dan Jacobson Guillem Jover Hrvoje Niksic Jens Axboe Justin Pryzby Kevin Ryde Marcel Holtmann Senthil Kumar Stefan Puiu Stuart MacDonald Trond Myklebust Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- splice.2 tee.2 vmsplice.2 Jens Axboe / Michael Kerrisk See also: http://lwn.net/Articles/118760/ http://lwn.net/Articles/178199/ http://lwn.net/Articles/179492/ http://kerneltrap.org/node/6505 http://lwn.net/Articles/179434/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Stefan Puiu Note glibc version where "ldd -u" appeared. execve.2 mtk The PR_SET_NAME setting is not preserved across an execve(). fork.2 mtk Mappings marked with madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) are not inherited by child. getdtablesize.2 mtk Noted that sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) is preferred in portable applications. getpagesize.2 mtk Noted that sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) is preferred in portable applications. _SC_PAGE_SIZE is available on most systems. madvise.2 mtk Document MADV_REMOVE, new in 2.6.16. Document MADV_DONTFORK / MADV_DOFORK, new in 2.6.16. mount.2 mtk / Trond Myklebust MNT_FORCE can cause data loss. mmap.2 mtk Added note on Linux's old (pre-2.6.12) buggy treatment of length==0. Justin Pryzby / mtk Added some EINVAL errors. mremap.2 mtk Remove superfluous "#include " from SYNOPSIS. msync.2 mtk Added EBUSY error for case where MS_INVALIDATE is applied to a locked region. posix_fadvise.2 Andrew Morton Since 2.6.18, POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is a no-op. prctl.2 Marcel Holtmann / mtk Since kernel 2.6.18, setting 2 for PR_SET_DUMPABLE is no longer possible. Guillem Jover Updated Linux versions where the options where introduced. Added PR_SET_TIMING, PR_GET_TIMING, PR_SET_NAME, PR_GET_NAME, PR_SET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_SET_FPEMU, PR_GET_FPEMU, PR_SET_FPEXC, PR_GET_FPEXC. Michael Kerrisk Document PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN. remap_file_pages.2 mtk Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS. sync_file_range.2 mtk Noted that sync_file_range() appeared in kernel 2.6.17. vfork.2 mtk Noted interactions with fork handlers in multithreaded programs. wait4.2 mtk Added feature test macros to SYNOPSIS. clog2.3 mtk / aeb / Kevin Ryde Fix broken text in description. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214 clog10.3 Kevin Ryde Fix broken text in description. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386214 mq_receive.3 Britton Leo Kerin Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; should be "ssize_t" not "mqd_t". See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=387551 qsort.2 Hrvoje Niksic Fix wording referring to the use of strcmp() in 'compar' function. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=391402 sendfile.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to new splice.2 page. termios.3 mtk Documented IUTF8 (which was new in kernel 2.6.4). tzset.3 mtk Added some TZ examples. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=386087 proc.5 mtk Added delayacct_blkio_ticks (new in 2.6.18) to /proc/PID/statm. ip.7 Stuart MacDonald / Andi Kleen Fix discussion for TCP error queue /IP_RECVERR on TCP. pthreads.7 mtk Noted effect of RLIMIT_STACK resource limit for NPTL. socket.7 Senthil Kumar Place socket options in alphabetical order. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.42 ==================== Released: 2006-11-24 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrew Morton Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> Doug Goldstein Eduard Bloch Evan Teran Pavel Heimlich Petr Baudis Randy Dunlap Ulrich Drepper Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- brk.2 Evan Teran / mtk Add text describing behavior of the Linux brk() system call and point out that the glibc brk() wrapper provides different behavior. mtk Note that sbrk() is implemented as a library function in glibc that calls the brk() system call. futex.2 mtk FUTEX_FD is scheduled for removal in June 2007. getaddrinfo.3 getnameinfo.3 Ulrich Drepper, with edits by mtk Add text describing Internationalized Domain Name extensions. open.2 mtk / Eduard Bloch Fix description of O_LARGEFILE to mention required feature test macros. ptrace.2 Chuck Ebbert Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the new process is also available for PTRACE_EVENT_VFORKDONE. syslog.3 Doug Goldstein Fix header file required for vsyslog() in SYNOPSIS. wcwidth.3 Petr Baudis Fix CONFORMING TO. core.5 mtk Linux 2.4.21 added core_pattern (which was already in 2.6). Noted a few more reasons why a core dump file might not be produced. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.43 ==================== Released: 2006-11-29 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen David Brownell Eduard Bloch Egmont Koblinger Reuben Thomas Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ioperm.2 mtk Clarify discussion of privilege requirements. Added ENOMEM to ERRORS. open.2 mtk / Eduard Bloch Clarify description of O_LARGEFILE. crypt.3 Egmont Koblinger Make description of MD5 output string less ambiguous. strerror.3 Reuben Thomas Add C99 to CONFORMING TO; see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400634 rtc.4 David Brownell Update the RTC man page to reflect the new RTC class framework: - Generalize ... it's not just for PC/AT style RTCs, and there may be more than one RTC per system. - Not all RTCs expose the same feature set as PC/AT ones; most of these ioctls will be rejected by some RTCs. - Be explicit about when {A,P}IE_{ON,OFF} calls are needed. - Describe the parameter to the get/set epoch request; correct the description of the get/set frequency parameter. - Document RTC_WKALM_{RD,SET}, which don't need AIE_{ON,OFF} and which support longer alarm periods. - Hey, not all system clock implementations count timer irqs any more now that the new RT-derived clock support is merging. proc.5 mtk s/fseek(3)/lseek(2)/ under /proc/PID/mem entry. feature_test_macros.7 mtk / Eduard Bloch The LFS spec is now at http://opengroup.org/platform/lfs.html raw.7 udp.7 Andi Kleen Describe the correct default for UDP/RAW path MTU discovery. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.44 ==================== Released: 2007-04-04 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andre Majorel Benjamin Gilbert Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com> Ivana Varekova Jakub Jelinek John Ward Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto Julien Blache Julien Cristau Justin Pryzby Martín Ferrari Mike Frysinger Nick Piggin Nick Pollitt Nicolas François Pádraig Brady Premysl Hruby Reuben Thomas Samuel Thibault Serge E. Hallyn Thomas Huriaux Timo Sirainen Val Henson Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- termio.7 mtk, after a bit of prodding by Reuben Thomas A brief discussion of the old System V termio interface, with pointers to pages that will contain the information that the reader probably wants. scripts/find_repeated_words.sh mtk Find consecutive duplicate words in a man page, some of which may be grammar errors. Global changes -------------- Various pages Justin Pryzby / mtk Add "#define _ATFILE_SOURCE" to SYNOPSIS in following pages: faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 futimesat.2 linkat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 openat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 symlinkat.2 unlinkat.2 mkfifoat.3 Various pages mtk Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since that is the manual page more likely to be found on current systems. Various pages mtk, after a suggestion by Reuben Thomas Updated various header pages to accurately reflect which functions are and are not part of C89. Also fixed/improved a few other CONFORMING TO entries. Various pages mtk s/Unices/Unix systems/ on the 5 pages where it appears. Various pages mtk Wrapped long source lines in the following files getsockopt.2 mknodat.2 io_setup.2 select_tut.2 select.2 readlinkat.2 io_cancel.2 syslog.2 wcsncat.3 getipnodebyname.3 cmsg.3 wcpncpy.3 wcsrtombs.3 wcstok.3 fgetwc.3 wmemcmp.3 wcsspn.3 div.3 modf.3 stdio_ext.3 ctermid.3 des_crypt.3 wcsncmp.3 wmemchr.3 wcsstr.3 wmemcpy.3 wprintf.3 wcsnrtombs.3 termios.3 erf.3 ceil.3 lround.3 nextafter.3 wcsncpy.3 wmemset.3 getw.3 console_ioctl.4 sk98lin.4 environ.7 unix.7 time.7 Various pages mtk Added a SEE ALSO reference for feature_test_macros(7) to all pages where a feature test macro appears in the SYNOPSIS. Various pages mtk Added SEE ALSO entry pointing to time.7 alarm.2 nanosleep.2 ualarm.3 usleep.3 Various pages Justin Pryzby / mtk Fixed consecutive duplicate word typos on a number of pages. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François!) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 mtk Since 2.6.20, access() honors the MS_NOEXEC mount flag. Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto / mtk Improve ENOENT description. clone.2 mtk Added some detail to the prototype. Added some notes on IA-64's clone2(). epoll_ctl.2 mtk Add text to note that EPOLLRDHUP appeared in kernel 2.6.17. faccessat.2 Justin Pryzby Various fixes as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411177 * s/effective/real/ in description text. * added to synopsis. * various other changes. getrlimit.2 mtk / Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova Added a few words to note that RLIMIT_NPROC is really a limit on threads. io_cancel.2 io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_submit.2 Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova s%linux/aio.h%libaio.h% in SYNOPSIS. Changed return type from "long" to "int". mbind.2 Samuel Thibault / mtk Fix EINVAL description. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411777 mincore.2 Nick Piggin Kernel 2.6.21 fixes several earlier bugs in mincore(). Nick Pollitt Remove words "of a file" -- mincore() is describing memory residence information, not properties of a file. mtk Rewrote various parts to make the page clearer. mmap.2 mtk Rewrote and reorganized various parts to be clearer. Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova Removed text stating that mmap() never returns 0; that's not true. mount.2 mtk / Val Henson Document MS_RELATIME, new in Linux 2.6.20. open.2 Andre Majorel / mtk On Linux, the error returned when opening a large file on a 32-bit system is actually EFBIG, not EOVERFLOW. posix_fadvise.2 Pádraig Brady Fix RETURN VALUE description: returns error number of failure. rename.2 mtk / Timo Sirainen Various improvements to DESCRIPTION. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=416012 semop.2 mtk If sops contains multiple operations, then these are performed in array order. All Unix systems that I know of do this, and some Linux applications depend on this behavior. SUSv3 made no explicit statement here, but SUSv4 will explicitly require this behavior. Small rewording of explanation of "atomically". signal.2 Nicolas François Fix incorrect argument name in DESCRIPTION. mtk Small wording improvement. socket.2 Nicolas François Add reference to ipv6.7 page. socketcall.2 Nicolas François Fix .TH line. splice.2 Benjamin Gilbert Fix inconsistent argument names in SYNOPSIS and DESCRIPTION. statvfs.2 mtk Small wording clarification. symlink.2 mtk / Nicolas François Removed cryptic text under CONFORMING to referring to "open(2) and NFS". There is no relevant text in open.2 as far as I (mtk) can see. time.2 mtk / Reuben Thomas Remove sentence "gettimeofday() obsoleting time() on 4.3BSD". This information is old, and probably no longer relevant. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=403888 write.2 mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch. Clarified discussion of /count == 0/ case. ptrace.2 Chuck Ebbert When the parent receives an event with PTRACE_EVENT_* set, the child is not in the normal signal delivery path. This means the parent cannot do ptrace(PTRACE_CONT) with a signal or ptrace(PTRACE_KILL). kill() with a SIGKILL signal can be used instead to kill the child process after receiving one of these messages. sched_setaffinity.2 mtk Fix glibc version number in description of 'cpusetsize' argument. vfork.2 mtk Stripped some excess/outdated text from the BUGS section. basename.3 mtk / Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto Add text to clarify that the pointer returned by these functions may be into some part of 'path'. dlopen.3 Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova + Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon Add "#include " to example program. fclose.3 mtk Complete rewrite. The existing page was hard to read, and the RETURN VALUE description seems to be wrong. getopt.3 mtk Added getopt() example program. mtk Add a few words to clarify the operation of the GNU-specific double-colon feature, which allows options to have optional arguments. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=352139 glob.3 Nicolas François Fix PROTOTYPE. inet_network.3 mtk, after an idea from a downstream Fedora patch. Clarified description of inet_network(). log.3 Nicolas François Fix .TH line. log10.3 Nicolas François Fix .TH line. malloc.3 Nicolas François Small rewording to mention calloc(). posix_openpt.3 Martín Ferrari Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400971 Needs _XOPEN_SOURCE == 600; as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400975 Julien BLACHE s/ptsname/posix_openpt/ in RETURN VALUE re_comp.3 Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova Add "#define _REGEX_RE_COMP" to SYNOPSIS. regex.3 Nicolas François Fix .TH line. termios.3 mtk Added .SS headers to give some structure to this page; and a small amount of reordering. mtk Added a section on canonical and non-canonical mode. mtk Enhanced the discussion of "raw" mode for cfmakeraw(). mtk Document CMSPAR. mtk Make description of PARODD a little clearer. Reuben Thomas Add SEE ALSO link to tty_ioctl.4 mtk Add SEE ALSO link to console_ioctl.4 ualarm.3 mtk Removed BSD prototype from synopsis. Various rewordings. usleep.3 mtk Removed BSD prototype from synopsis. Various rewordings. termcap.5 Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova s/curses/ncurses/ under SEE ALSO bootparam.7 Taken from Fedora downstream patches; thanks to Ivana Varekova Documented "mem=nopentium". feature_test_macros.7 mtk The default treatment of _POSIX_C_SOURCE changed in glibc 2.4. mtk, after a suggestion by Justin Pryzby Added some text warning that the "__" macros that defines internally should never be directly defined by programs. mtk, based on notes by Jakub Jelinek Document _FORTIFY_SOURCE (See http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2004-09/msg02055.html ) mtk Document _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE. mdoc.7 mtk / Nicolas François Remove CONFIGURATION section, since this does not seem to be true for Linux. svipc.7 Nicolas François Fix data types in associated data structures; remove nonexistent semzcnt and semncnt fields. time.7 mtk Since kernel 2.6.20, the software clock can also be 300 HZ. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.45 ==================== Released: 2007-04-05 Global changes -------------- This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages. With the exception of the few individual changes noted below, no changes were made to content. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_cancel.2 io_submit.2 mtk Clarified RETURN VALUE text bindresvport.3 mtk Rewrote prototype using modern C syntax. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.46 ==================== Released: 2007-04-06 Global changes -------------- This release consists mainly of formatting fixes (to a large number of pages) to achieve greater consistency across pages: * Most instances of two or more consecutive blank lines in man page output were shrunk to a single line. * A number of example programs were reformatted to more closely match K&R style. * In various places (mainly code examples), the use of tabs was replaced by spaces With the exception of the few individual changes noted below, no changes were made to content. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bdflush.2 mtk Add header file to SYNOPSIS. sched_rr_get_interval.2 mtk Moved timespec definition from SYNOPSIS into description. select_tut.2 mtk Make SYNOPSIS match select.2. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.47 ==================== Released: 2007-05-04 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen John Heffner Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout (wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new sentences on new lines). There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the notes below). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- sched_rr_get_interval.2 mtk Remove crufty statement that this system call is not implemented. The nice interval can be used to control the size of the round-robin quantum. Corrected .TH line. ip.7 John Heffner / mtk Document IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE, which will be in 2.6.22. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.48 ==================== Released: 2007-05-04 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Colin Watson Justin Pryzby Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- This release consists mainly of changes to source file layout (wrapped long lines; stripped trailing white space; started new sentences on new lines). There is very little change to output formatting or content (see the notes below). Various pages mtk In various places where it occurred, s/nonnegative/non-negative/ Various pages mtk s/wide character/wide-character/ when used attributively. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- man.7 Justin Pryzby / Colin Watson / mtk .SH doesn't require quotes. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=411303 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.49 ==================== Released: 2007-05-20 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro MOTOKI Bruno Haible Justin Pryzby Apologies if I missed anyone! New pages --------- bsd_signal.3 mtk Documentation of bsd_signal(). euidaccess.3 mtk Manual page for euidaccess() and eaccess(). getsubopt.3 mtk / Justin Pryzby Documentation of getsubopt(). sysv_signal.3 mtk Documentation of sysv_signal(). New links --------- epoll_pwait.2 mtk New link to epoll_wait.2. eaccess.3 mtk New link to new euidaccess.3, sem_timedwait.3 mtk New link to sem_wait.3. sem_trywait.3 mtk New link to sem_wait.3. Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page. epoll_wait.2 mtk Added description of epoll_pwait(), new in kernel 2.6.19. execve.2 mtk Add text noting that Linux allows 'argv' and 'envp' to be NULL, but warning that this is non-standard and non-portable, and should be avoided in portable programs. Bug filed (http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408) to get this changed, but maybe that won't be done because it is an ABI change. mtk Added an example program. mtk Expanded the discussion of interpreter scripts and the 'optional-arg' argument of an interpreter script. For further info, see http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/std/hashexclam-1.html http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/ mtk Added text noting that FD_CLOEXEC causes record locks to be released. mtk Mention effect of MS_NOSUID mount(2) flag for set-user-ID programs. mtk Expanded description of handling of file descriptors during execve(), adding text to note that descriptors 0, 1, and 2 may be treated specially. faccessat.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO ref to new euidaccess.3 page. mmap.2 mtk Place MAP_* flags list in alphabetical order. readv.2 mtk A fairly substantial rewrite, which among other things fixes the problem reported by Kyle Sluder in http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8399 And added some example code. sigaction.2 mtk Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe functions in signal(7). A few other minor formatting and wording changes. signal.2 mtk Moved the discussion of async-signal-safe functions to signal(7). Added text referring to the discussion of async-signal-safe functions in signal(7). Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and sysv_signal.3 pages. copysign.3 Bruno Haible Clarify discussion of negative zero. getopt.3 mtk Add SEE ALSO ref to new getsubopt.3. iconv_open.3 Bruno Haible Describe the glibc/libiconv //TRANSLIT and //IGNORE extensions for 'tocode'. iswblank.3 Bruno Haible Update CONFORMING TO; iswblank() is in POSIX.1-2001. inotify.7 mtk Definitions for IN_DONT_FOLLOW, IN_MASK_ADD, and IN_ONLYDIR were added to glibc in version 2.5. signal.7 mtk Incorporated (and slightly modified) the text on async-signal-safe functions that was formerly in signal(2). Added SEE ALSO entries referring to new bsd_signal.3 and sysv_signal.3 pages. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.50 ==================== Released: 2007-05-21 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andreas Halter Laird Shaw Mike Frysinger Apologies if I missed anyone! Removed pages (!) ----------------- Most Section 1 man pages are removed mtk (with help from Mike Frysinger, Laird Shaw, Andreas Halter) Once upon time Andries added a number of Section 1 manual pages to man-pages. However, since that time, those pages have not seen much maintenance, and are not in fact distributed in most distributions. Instead most distributions supply the coreutils versions of these pages, which are currently maintained. In addition, man-pages provides the 1p pages, which document the portable subset of functionality of these commands. Since the man1 pages are mostly unneeded, and out of date, I'm removing them. The following pages disappear: chgrp.1 chmod.1 chown.1 cp.1 dd.1 df.1 diff.1 dir.1 dircolors.1 du.1 install.1 ln.1 ls.1 mkdir.1 mkfifo.1 mknod.1 mv.1 rm.1 rmdir.1 touch.1 vdir.1 The following Section 1 pages will be kept: intro.1 ldd.1 time.1 ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.51 ==================== Released: 2007-05-28 Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk (Hopefully) all cross references outside a page now include a section number. This should permit better resulting output from a man2html-type conversion. Various pages mtk Convert function formatting of the form "\fBname\fP()" to ".BR name ()". Changes to individual pages --------------------------- futimesat.2 mtk s/futimes/futimesat/ in .SH NAME line. msgop.2 mtk Put "msgrcv" and "msgsnd" in .SH NAME line. mount.2 mtk Add "umount2" to .SH NAME line. wait.2 mtk Add "waitid" to .SH NAME line. getopt.3 mtk Add "getopt_long" and "getopt_long_only" in .SH NAME line. sem_wait.3 mtk Add "sem_timedwait" and "sem_trywait" to .SH NAME line. stdarg.3 mtk Add "va_start", "va_arg", "va_end", "va_copy" to .SH NAME line. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.52 ==================== Released: 2007-05-29 "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines" Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) "But damn it, these man pages are a mess!" Global changes -------------- Most of the changes below are about bringing greater consistency to manual pages, including reducing the wide range of .SH Section headings. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Various pages mtk Make 'manual' component of .TH line into the string "Linux Programmer's Manual". Reason: consistency. Various pages mtk Changed date in .TH line into form YYYY-DD-MM. Reason: consistency. Various pages mtk Some .SH header lines were made into .SS lines. (One of the aims here is to reduce the number of non-standard .SH lines.) Various pages mtk Change title .SH sections named "NOTE" to "NOTES", in some cases also changing the location of the section within the page. Reason: consistency. Various pages mtk Commented out .SH AUTHOR sections; the right place for documentation authorship sections is usually comments at the top of the page source. Various pages mtk Changed .SH HISTORY to .SH VERSIONS. Reason: in many cases, HISTORY was being used to describe Linux/glibc version information, as was already done for VERSIONS sections in other pages. Various pages mtk Removed HISTORY section, or moved it as a subsection or paragraphs under another section e.g., NOTES. Reason: there are too many arbitrary section (.SH) names, and a HISTORY section never was consistently used across Linux manual pages. Various pages mtk Moved SEE ALSO section to be last section on the page Reason: consistency -- and this is where SEE ALSO should be! Various pages mtk Relocated GLIBC NOTES as subsection under NOTES Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names. Various pages mtk Relocated LINUX NOTES as subsection under NOTES Reason: reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names. Various pages mtk Renamed some "AVAILABILITY" sections to "VERSIONS". Reason: consistency. Various pages mtk Renamed some "DIAGNOSTICS" sections to "RETURN VALUE". Reason: consistency. getopt.3 tzselect.8 mtk s/\.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES/.SH ENVIRONMENT/ Reason: consistency. intro.2 select.2 sysctl.2 bsearch.3 dlopen.3 envz_add.3 fmtmsg.3 getgrent_r.3 getgrouplist.3 getpwent_r.3 getutent.3 hsearch.3 rtime.3 strptime.3 tsearch.3 vcs.4 wordexp.3 mtk s/return 0/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/ in main() of function example program. Reason: consistency. mprotect.2 select_tut.2 dlopen.3 getgrent_r.3 getopt.3 getpwent_r.3 hsearch.3 select_tut.2 tsearch.3 mtk Use symbolic constants (EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE) in calls to exit(). Reason: consistency. access.2 chown.2 lseek.2 open.2 read.2 utmp.5 mtk Renamed RESTRICTIONS section to NOTES, or moved text in a RESTRICTIONS section under existing NOTES section. Reason: consistency, and reduce number of arbitrary section (.SH) names. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 mtk s/\.SH FURTHER INFORMATION/.SH NOTES/ dup.2 mtk s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/ kill.2 mtk Renamed LINUX HISTORY section to LINUX NOTES, and relocated within page. select_tut.2 mtk Relocated example program and made its .SH title "EXAMPLE". sigaltstack.2 mtk Move code example into its own EXAMPLE section. sigreturn.2 mtk s/\.SH WARNING/.SH NOTES/ setuid.2 mtk s/\.SH "LINUX-SPECIFIC REMARKS"/.SH LINUX NOTES/ shmget.2 mtk Remove section about effect of fork()/exec()/exit(); shmop.2 contains the same text, and it only needs to be said once. shmop.2 mtk Minor rewording under DESCRIPTION. daemon.3 mtk Minor wording and formatting changes. encrypt.3 mtk Removed statement that glibc unconditionally exposes declarations of encrypt() and setkey(), since portable applications must use and define _XOPEN_SOURCE to obtain the declarations of setkey() and encrypt(). Adjusted example program accordingly. mkstemp.3 mtk Slight rewording. LDP.7 mtk Minor wording and formatting changes. man.7 mtk Substantial rewrite, revising and extending the discussion about desired conventions for writing pages. There will be further updates to this page in the next few man-pages releases. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.53 ==================== Released: 2007-05-30 "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines" Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) "But damn it, these man pages are a mess!" Global changes -------------- Many many pages mtk Reordered sections to be more consistent, in some cases renaming sections or shifting paragraphs between sections. man7/* mtk In various pages in this section, .SH headings were converted to .SS. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.54 ==================== Released: 2007-06-07 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Emmanuel Mogenet Michael Berg Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk Where there is an instruction in the SYNOPSIS about linking or compiling with a certain option, the option is now marked up in italics (e.g., "\fI-lm\fP"). Various pages mtk Added page numbers to page cross references. A few pages mtk s/manpage/man page/, for consistency. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- man-pages.7 mtk A description of the conventions that should be followed when writing pages for the man-pages package. Removed pages ------------- man1/README mtk Already deleted most of the man1 pages previously, so this doesn't need to stay. LDP.7 mtk Removed this page since it is out of date, and the proper place to go for up-to-date information is http://www.tldp.org/ ksoftirq.9 mtk Reason: this was the only Section 9 page, and it is old (Linux 2.4). The man9 section never took off as an idea, and I see little point in keeping a Section 9 with just a single old page. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- HOWTOHELP mtk Moved some material out of here into new man-pages.7. alloc_hugepages.2 mtk Minor rewrites, eliminating some duplication, and removing some outdated text. epoll_pwait.2 Michael Berg Fix broken link path; http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=425570 fcntl.2 mtk Remove misleading text about setting O_ASYNC when calling open(); one must use fcntl() F_SETFL for this task. fdatasync.2 mtk Converted outdated BUGS note about fdatasync() being equivalent to fsync() on Linux 2.2 into a NOTES note about this historical behavior. futex.2 mtk Small rewording to fix "fails with the error EWOULDBLOCK" rather than "returns EWOULDBLOCK". See Red Hat bug 172828. mprotect.2 mtk, after an observation by Emmanuel Mogenet A much improved example program. mtk Significant rewrites and additions to description. mremap.2 mtk Remove text about the nonexistent BSD mremap() -- too much information, in my opinion. sched_yield.2 mtk Added ERRORS section. set_mempolicy.2 mtk Moved text for "Versions and Library Support". set_tid_address.2 mtk Small rewording in RETURN VALUE section. sigaction.2 mtk Add EXAMPLE section with a pointer to example in mprotect.2. sync_file_range.2 mtk Fix return type in SYNOPSIS. Add RETURN VALUE section. atexit.3 mtk Small rearrangement of text under NOTES. bindresvport.3 mtk Rewrite and substantial additional text. exec.3 mtk Minor clarifications for text on execlp() and execvp(). Removed FILES section, since it provides no useful additional info. fenv.3 mtk Moved link instructions from NOTES to SYNOPSIS. Added feenableexcept, fedisableexcept, fegetexcept to .SH NAME list. fputwc.3 mtk Added 'putwc' to .SH NAME list. gethostbyname.3 mtk s/int/socklen_t/ for type of gethostbyaddr() 'len' argument, and add a few more words in NOTES about the type used here. login.3 mtk Removed remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil; add text on that point to SYNOPSIS. openpty.3 mtk Removed redundant remark from NOTES about linking with -lutil since there is text on that point under SYNOPSIS. sysconf.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to getconf(1). unlocked_stdio.3 mtk Revised .SH NAME section. ascii.7 mtk Minor rearrangement of order of text. capabilities.7 mtk s/exec()/execve(2)/ in various places. complex.7 mtk Changed "atan(1)" to "atan(1.0)" to prevent some versions of man2html(1) from mistaking that string as a page cross reference. rtnetlink.7 mtk Small restructuring to avoid 'cannot adjust line' from man(1). ldconfig.8 mtk Removed now very out-of-date sentence about need to link shared libraries with -lc. man.7 mtk Various text was moved out of this page into the new man-pages.7. mdoc.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO referring to new man-pages.7. mdoc.samples.7 mtk A few changes, hopefully done right, to eliminate some errors to stderr when rendering with man(1). rtnetlink.7 mtk Shorten a line in table so it fits in 80 columns. Minor rewording under BUGS. tzselect.8 mtk Moved EXIT STATUS section. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.55 ==================== Released: 2007-06-10 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Taboriskiy Joey Hess John Reiser Julien Cristau Justin Pryzby Martin (Joey) Schulze Mike Frysinger Serge van den Boom Ulrich Drepper Xose Vazquez Perez Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- clone.2 getdents.2 gettid.2 ioprio_set.2 llseek.2 mmap2.2 modify_ldt.2 mq_getsetattr.2 pivot_root.2 quotactl.2 readdir.2 sysctl.2 syslog.2 tkill.2 mtk, after a note by Mike Frysinger Updated to reflect the fact that the _syscallN() macros have gone away, Several pages mtk Change reference to path_resolution.2 to path_resolution.7. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Moved pages ----------- path_resolution.2 has been moved to section 7, thus path_resolution.7 mtk Reason: this is an overview page, not one describing as a specific system call. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- MAINTAINING mtk, after a note from Xose Vazquez Perez Added pointer to Red Hat man-pages bugzilla. mtk Added a release philosophy note on separating out big formatting changes into their own release that contains minimal content changes. accept.2 mtk Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2. arch_prctl.2 mtk Added RETURN VALUE section. bind.2 mtk Expand example program, and move it to new EXAMPLE section. Added text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. cacheflush.2 mtk Convert NOTES section to CONFORMING TO and note that this call is Linux-specific. Other minor rewordings. connect.2 mtk Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. create_module.2 mtk Add ENOSYS error. fcntl.2 flock.2 mtk Small rewrite of SEE ALSO text pointing to Documentation/* in kernel source. get_kernel_syms.2 mtk Added ERRORS heading Add ENOSYS error. getdtablesize.2 mtk Added an ERRORS section. getsid.2 mtk Added a RETURN VALUE section. getpid.2 mtk Added an ERRORS section (stating that the calls are always successful). ioctl_list.2 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference to ioctl.2. listen.2 mtk Add new EXAMPLE section with pointer to example in bind.2. query_module.2 Martin (Joey) Schulze Add ENOSYS error. recv.2 mtk Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. sched_get_priority_max.2 sched_rr_get_interval.2 sched_setscheduler.2 sched_yield.2 mtk Modified .TH line send.2 mtk Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. set_tid_address.2 mtk Added an ERRORS section (stating that the call is always successful). signal.2 mtk, after a note from Alexander Taboriskiy Strengthen warning against the use of signal(). Added siginterrupt(3) to SEE ALSO list. mtk Rewrote various parts; added an ERRORS section. socket.2 mtk Added new EXAMPLE section pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. stat.2 mtk Added EXAMPLE program. syscall.2 mtk Converted to -man format; some rewrites; added an EXAMPLE. sysctl.2 mtk Improved the example program. getnameinfo.3 mtk Add text pointing to example in getaddrinfo.3. getaddrinfo.3 mtk Add example programs. Add getnameinfo() to SEE ALSO list. memmove.3 mtk / Serge van den Boom Clarify discussion of what happens if 'src' and 'dest' overlap. regex.3 Justin Pryzby Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO list. sigpause.3 mtk after a note from Ulrich Drepper Clarify discussion of feature test macros that are needed to expose System V and BSD versions of this function in glibc. undocumented.3 mtk Removed some functions that have been documented. wprintf.2 Martin (Joey) Schulze Remove wscanf.3 from SEE ALSO list, since that page does not exist. utmp.5 Joey Hess Removed outdated note on xdm. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418009 Martin (Joey) Schulze Removed outdated note about Debian and libc5. bootparam.7 Martin (Joey) Schulze Fix order of commands listed under 'init='. hier.7 Joey Hess Add /media, remove /dos. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=418234 inotify.7 mtk Added text describing what happens when the buffer given to read(2) is too small to return information about the next event, and noting the behavior change in 2.6.21. man-pages.7 mtk Added text to note that ERRORS list should be in alphabetical order. mdoc.7 mdoc.samples.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO reference to groff_mdoc(7). unix.7 mtk Added EXAMPLE section with pointer to bind.2 EXAMPLE. ld.so.8 mtk Simplify text describing --inhibit-rpath. mtk, after a note by John Reiser Describe use of $ORIGIN in rpath. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.56 ==================== Released: 2007-06-11 Global changes -------------- Many pages mtk Removed version numbers in .TH lines. Reason: these were only arbitrarily updated, and so impart no useful information. Version information goes into a VERSIONS section nowadays, and the date in the .TH line should be updated to reflect the date of the last (significant) change to the page. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.57 ==================== Released: 2007-06-17 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Samuel Thibault Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Many pages mtk Fix section numbers in page cross references. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 mtk Minor wording fixes. Small clarification of description of 'mode'. bind.2 mtk Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. exit_group.2 mtk Minor wording fixes. exit.3 mtk Added more detail on exit handlers. Minor wording fixes. ioctl.2 mtk Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent mt.4. modify_ldt.2 Samuel Thibault / mtk In Linux 2.6, the 'modify_ldt_ldt_s' structure was renamed 'user_desc'. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=378668 mtk Include definition of 'user_desc' structure. Minor rewordings. mprotect.2 mtk Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. sigaction.2 mtk Removed reference to nonexistent sigsend(2). a64l.3 mtk Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent itoa.3. dysize.3 mtk Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent time.3. encrypt.3 mtk Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fcrypt.3. fmemopen.3 mtk Small reworking of EXAMPLE program. fpurge.3 mtk Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fclean.3. getutent.3 mtk s/ttyname(0)/ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)/ in program example. vcs.4 mtk s/exit(1)/exit(EXIT_FAILURE)/ environ.7 mtk Correct some section numbers in page cross references. man-pages.7 mtk Modify requirements for example programs a little. uri.7 mtk Wrapped long source lines. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.58 ==================== Released: 2007-06-24 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Marc Boyer Mike Frysinger Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages, as detailed below mtk Added or updated VERSIONS sections. killpg.2 setuid.2 faccessat.2 fork.2 setfsuid.2 kill.2 getsid.2 wait.2 execve.2 getpid.2 setgid.2 seteuid.2 setresuid.2 setfsgid.2 access.2 initgroups.3 euidaccess.3 tcgetpgrp.3 path_resolution.7 capabilities.7 unix.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO link to new credentials.7. New pages --------- credentials.7 mtk An overview of Linux process identifiers (PIDs, PPIDs, PGIDS, SIDs, UIDs, GIDs). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 mtk Added some comments to example program. getxattr.2 mtk VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. listen.2 mtk Updated discussion of somaxconn limit. listxattr.2 mtk VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. posix_fadvise.2 mtk VERSIONS: Glibc support has been provided since version 2.2. readahead.2 mtk Added VERSIONS section. remap_file_pages.2 mtk Updated VERSIONS section with text on glibc support. removexattr.2 mtk VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. semop.2 mtk Added VERSIONS section with info on semtimedop(). setxattr.2 mtk VERSIONS: In kernel since 2.4; glibc support since 2.3. dl_iterate_phdr.3 mtk VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.4. getloadavg.3 mtk Added VERSIONS section. posix_openpt.3 mtk VERSIONS: Supported since glibc 2.2.1. printf.3 mtk after a suggestion by Mike Frysinger Add text to the introductory part of DESCRIPTION, about the 'size' argument of snprintf() and vsnprintf(). shm_open.3 mtk Added VERSIONS section; rewrote info about linking with -lrt. strcat.3 Marc Boyer Improve the discussion of strncat(). strcpy.3 Marc Boyer Improve the discussion of strncpy(). proc.5 mtk Added discussion of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.59 ==================== Released: 2007-06-25 Global changes -------------- Manual pages are now standardized on American spelling. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences for more information on the differences. Formerly, different pages (and sometimes even a single page!) employed American and British spelling conventions; best to standardize on one spelling, and American English is the standard in Computer Science. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- man-pages.7 mtk Note that man-pages has now standardized on American spelling conventions. execve.2 getxattr.2 listxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 signal.2 syscall.2 aio_cancel.3 bindresvport.3 stdarg.3 charmap.5 bootparam.7 ipv6.7 man.7 path_resolution.7 uri.7 nscd.8 mtk Corrected minor spelling/wording mistakes (i.e., changes independent of fixes for American spelling). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.60 ==================== Released: 2007-06-25 Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk Wrapped lines in some files. Various pages mtk Change "e.g. " to "e.g., ", or in some cases, "for example, ". Various pages mtk Change "i.e. " to i.e., ", or in some cases, "that is, ". Various pages mtk Removed AUTHORS section. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- vfork.2 mtk s/w.r.t/with respect to/ man-pages.7 mtk Strengthened warning against use of AUTHORS section. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.61 ==================== Released: 2007-07-01 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Benno Schulenberg Florian Ernst Ivana Varekova Jeff Schroeder Joey (Martin) Schulze Justin Pryzby Loïc Minier Michael Gehring Serge van den Boom Stefan Puiu Stepan Kasal Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk substitute `\\0' by '\\0'. Various pages mtk s/`/'/ when the thing being quoted is a character. accept.2 bind.2 connect.2 getsockopt.2 listen.2 socket.2 socketpair.2 mtk after a note by Martin (Joey) Schulze Add NOTES paragraph noting that isn't required by POSIX.1-2001 or Linux, but was required on some implementations. accept.2 getsockname.2 recv.2 vm86.2 send.2 getgrouplist.3 memmem.3 nsswitch.conf.5 putenv.3 wprintf.3 mtk Replace form `...' with \fI...\fP where the enclosed string is a pathname, type name, or argument name. A few files mtk s/process' /process's/ gets.3 qsort.3 getaddrinfo.3 rpc.3 ungetwc.3 wcsnrtombs.3 capabilities.7 mtk Add section number to page cross references. time.1 bind.2 pivot_root.2 sysctl.2 mtk Reordered .SH sections. full.4 mouse.4 random.4 sd.4 mtk Made CONFIG/CONFIGURING heading ==> CONFIGURATION time.1 console_codes.4 random.4 sk98lin.4 charmap.5 ftpusers.5 bootparam.7 charsets.7 glob.7 mq_overview.7 unicode.7 uri.7 utf-8.7 mtk Reformatted headings New pages --------- backtrace.3 mtk, with input from Justin Pryzby and Stefan Puiu Documents backtrace(), backtrace_symbols(), and backtrace_symbols_fd(). New links --------- backtrace_symbols.3 backtrace_symbols_fd.3 mtk Links to backtrace.3. __clone.2 Stepan Kasal Link to clone.2. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- Makefile Serge van den Boom Fix setting of 'prefix' macro. eval.1p Benno Schulenberg Fix bad text (concatenated line). chdir.2 mtk Fixed description of EACCES error. Added sentence defining "current working directory". Other minor wording changes. cfree.3 mtk Added SEE ALSO section. clone.2 mtk s/clone2/__clone2/. fdatasync.2 mtk Minor wording changes. fork.2 Alain Portal Fix small wording error. gethostid.2 Stefan Puiu / mtk Add NOTES on what happens if gethostid() can't open /etc/hostid. idle.2 mtk Made NOTES text into a VERSIONS section, since that's what it really describes. ioperm.2 mtk Minor wording changes. intro.2 mtk Rewrite to reflect the fact that the _syscallN macros are no longer available. io_cancel.2 mtk Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. io_destroy.2 mtk Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. io_getevents.2 mtk Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. io_setup.2 mtk Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. io_submit.2 Ivana Varekova Fix include in SYNOPSIS. mtk Add "Link with -laio" to SYNOPSIS. ipc.2 mtk Add semtimedop() to SEE ALSO. Note that some architectures don't have ipc(2); instead real system calls are provided for shmctl(), semctl(), etc. killpg.2 mtk Minor wording changes. listen.2 mtk Added to SYNOPSIS. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk Add NOTES para about permissions required to call sched_setscheduler() on other systems. select.2 mtk Noted that 'timeout' can also be changed if select() is interrupted by a signal. setup.2 mtk Remove reference to _syscall0() macro. shmop.2 mtk Changed text for EINVAL error. socketcall.2 mtk Add recvmsg() and sendmsg() to SEE ALSO. Note that some architectures don't have socketcall(2); instead real system calls are provided for socket(), bind(), etc. swapon.2 Ivana Varekova / mtk Update text for EPERM error describing the maximum number of swap files. (From downstream Fedora patch.) write.2 mtk Added details about seekable files and file offset. Noted that write() may write less than 'count' bytes, and gave some examples of why this might occur. Noted what happens if write() is interrupted by a signal. Minor wording changes. __setfpucw.3 mtk Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. confstr.3 mtk Minor rewrites in code example. ctime.3 Justin Pryzby Make SEE ALSO refer to timegm.3 daemon.3 mtk Small wording change. dl_iterate_phdr.3 Michael Gehring Comment was missing closing "*/". dlopen.3 mtk Formatting changes, and minor rewordings. mtk, after a note by Serge van den Boom Add a comment explaining the need for the rather strange cast of the return value of dlsym(). fpclassify.3 mtk Add "isinf" to NAME section. getgrouplist.3 mtk Minor rewording. getline.3 mtk Minor rewording, and note that '*n* is ignored if '*lineptr' is NULL. malloc.3 Ivana Varekova / mtk Update description of MALLOC_CHECK_ to include description for value 3. (From downstream Fedora patch.) netlink.3 mtk Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. openpty.3 mtk Minor changes to SYNOPSIS. program_invocation_name.3 mtk Shortened page title to INVOCATION_NAME. rtnetlink.3 mtk Added a CONFORMING TO section; other minor edits. scanf.3 Florian Ernst Fix duplicated word "the". (Really fix http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=412467 !) select_tut.3 mtk Small wording change. setnetgrent.3 mtk Added a CONFORMING TO section. sigpause.3 mtk Added a CONFORMING TO section. strftime.3 Just Pryzby Small wording fix. mtk Note use of "gcc -Wno-format-y2k" to avoid the "`%c' yields only last 2 digits of year in some locales" warning. strstr.3 mtk Add "strcasestr" to NAME section. syslog.3 mtk Small wording change. termios.3 mtk Reformat SYNOPSIS. Added a CONFORMING TO section. timegm.3 mtk Small wording changes. ulimit.3 mtk Remove erroneous text saying that glibc does not provide ; it does. initrd.4 mtk Various reformattings. core.5 mtk Added a sentence noting why core dumps named "core.PID" were useful with LinuxThreads. bootparam.7 mtk Fix capitalization in .SS headings. epoll.7 mtk Language clean ups. feature_test_macros.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO section. mq_overview.7 mtk Reformatted headings; minor rewrites. sem_overview.7 mtk Reformatted headings; minor rewrites. socket.7 Loïc Minier Document argument type for SO_REUSEADDR. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=255881 uri.7 mtk Wrap long line in SYNOPSIS. ldconfig.8 mtk Added SEE ALSO section. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.62 ==================== Released: 2007-07-09 This release consists solely of formatting fixes. There are no changes to content. Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Stepan Kasal Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Many many pages mtk Many many formatting fixes. man[013]p/* Stepan Kasal Add section number to .TH line for POSIX pages in man[013]p. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.63 ==================== Released: 2007-07-16 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Arnd Bergmann Eduardo M. Fleury Ivana Varekova Justin Pryzby Marc Boyer Martin (Joey) Schulze Martin Röhricht Patrick Mansfield Pierre Habouzit Stepan Kasal Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- gettimeofday.2 madvise.2 msgctl.2 select.2 semctl.2 shmctl.2 syslog.2 stat.2 a64l.3 printf.3 termios.3 xdr.3 sd.4 mtk Minor wording changes. obsolete.2 syscall.2 unimplemented.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO reference to syscalls.2. New pages --------- sgetmask.2 mtk A real man page for sgetmask(2) and ssetmask(2). (This page replaces a previous link of the same name, which linked to signal.2.) spu_create.2 Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk Document the PowerPC SPU spu_create() system call. (Originally taken from the kernel source file Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) spu_run.2 Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk Document the PowerPC SPU spu_run() system call. (Originally taken from the kernel source file Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) spufs.7 Arnd Bergmann with additional work by Eduardo M. Fleury and mtk Document the PowerPC SPU file system. (Originally taken from the kernel source file Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt.) Removed Pages ------------- __clone.2 mtk This file was created by accident in 2.61, as a copy of clone.2. (it should have been a link to clone.2.) obsolete.2 mtk Details on this page are covered in syscalls.2 and in respective syscall man pages (stat.2, uname.2). undocumented.2 mtk This page is very out of date, and in any case difficult to maintain. Information about undocumented system calls is maintained in the HOWTOHELP file, and probably in other places soon. killpg.3 mtk This rather incomplete page seems unnecessary since there is a killpg.2. New links --------- chown32.2 fchown32.2 getegid32.2 geteuid32.2 getgid32.2 getgroups32.2 getresgid32.2 getresuid32.2 getuid32.2 lchown32.2 setfsgid32.2 setfsuid32.2 setgid32.2 setgroups32.2 setregid32.2 setresgid32.2 setresuid32.2 setreuid32.2 setuid32.2 mtk Added as link to corresponding page without "32". fcntl64.2 fstat64.2 fstatat64.2 fstatfs64.2 ftruncate64.2 getdents64.2 lstat64.2 pread64.2 pwrite64.2 sendfile64.2 stat64.2 statfs64.2 truncate64.2 mtk Added as link to corresponding page without "64". __clone2.2 clone2.2 mtk Links to clone.2. ugetrlimit.2 mtk Link to getrlimit.2. mq_notify.2 mq_open.2 mq_timedreceive.2 mq_timedsend.2 mq_unlink.2 mtk Added as links to corresponding section 3 pages. fadvise64.2 fadvise64_64.2 mtk Links to posix_fadvise.2. rt_sigaction.2 rt_sigpending.2 rt_sigprocmask.2 rt_sigtimedwait.2 mtk Added as link to corresponding page without "rt_" prefix. rt_sigqueueinfo.2 mtk Link to sigqueue.2. madvise1.2 tuxcall.2 vserver.2 mtk / Ivana Varekova Link to unimplemented.2. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 mtk Fairly substantial rewrites of various parts, and a few additions. chmod.2 mtk Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) needs either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE". chown.2 mtk Update SYNOPSIS to reflect the fact that fchmod(2) and lchown(2) need either "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500" or "#define _BSD_SOURCE". Added an example program. killpg.2 mtk Note that killpg() is actually a library function on Linux. mmap.2 mtk Added note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays invokes mmap2(). mmap2.2 Ivana Varekova / mtk On most platforms the unit for 'offset' is 4096 bytes, not the system page size. mtk Rewrote NOTES to note that glibc mmap() wrapper nowadays invokes this system call. mtk Added an EXAMPLE program. oldfstat.2 oldlstat.2 oldstat.2 mtk Changed link to point to stat.2 (instead of obsolete.2). olduname.2 oldolduname.2 mtk Changed link to point to uname.2 (instead of obsolete.2). sched_setaffinity.2 Martin Röhricht Added _GNU_SOURCE to SYNOPSIS. semctl.2 mtk Remove reference discussion of ipc(2), since none of the other System V IPC pages mention ipc(2). semop.2 mtk Add an example code segment. shmctl.2 mtk Add svipc(7) to SEE ALSO list. sigaction.2 mtk Reformatted tables as lists; other minor reformattings and wording changes. sigqueue.2 mtk Added info on rt_sigqueueinfo(2). sigwaitinfo.2 mtk Noted that sigwaitinfo() is a library function implemented on top of sigtimedwait(). ssetmask.2 mtk Make this link point to new sgetmask.2 instead of signal.2. stat.2 mtk Add notes on the different system call interfaces that have appeared over time. syscalls.2 mtk A fairly substantial rewrite of this page, bringing it up to date with the current kernel version, and listing all system calls in tabular form. uname.2 mtk Add notes on the different system call interfaces that have appeared over time. unimplemented.2 mtk Add vserver, madvise1 to NAME line. Removed SEE ALSO reference to obsolete.2. Ivana Varekova Add tuxcall to NAME line. mktemp.3 Patrick Mansfield Fix description of return value. strcat.3 Marc Boyer Minor fix to example program. undocumented.3 mtk Add section numbers to function names; remove some functions since they are documented. proc.5 mtk Update/correct text on /proc/malloc. mtk, after a note by Pierre Habouzit, and a few comments by Justin Pryzby Update description of /proc/PID/stat to match 2.6.21. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417933 inotify.7 mtk IN_DONT_FOLLOW and IN_ONLYDIR are only available from 2.6.15. signal.7 Stepan Kasal / mtk Note SIGRTMIN value depends on glibc. mtk Various rewrites and additions to the text in real-time signals. Add SEE ALSO reference to sgetmask.2. svipc.7 mtk Add ipc(2) to SEE ALSO. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.64 ==================== Released: 2007-07-27 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aleksandr Koltsoff Andries Brouwer Justin Pryzby Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- INFINITY.3 _exit.2 a64l.3 abs.3 acct.2 acosh.3 addseverity.3 adjtime.3 asinh.3 atanh.3 atoi.3 brk.2 cbrt.3 cfree.3 chdir.2 chmod.2 chown.2 clearenv.3 clock_getres.3 clone.2 confstr.3 copysign.3 ctermid.3 ctime.3 daemon.3 dirfd.3 div.3 drand48.3 drand48_r.3 dysize.3 ecvt.3 ecvt_r.3 erf.3 euidaccess.3 exp2.3 expm1.3 fdatasync.2 ferror.3 fexecve.3 fgetgrent.3 fgetpwent.3 finite.3 flockfile.3 fopen.3 fpclassify.3 fsync.2 futimes.3 fwide.3 gamma.3 gcvt.3 getcwd.3 getdate.3 getdirentries.3 getdomainname.2 getdtablesize.2 getgrent.3 getgrent_r.3 getgrouplist.3 getgroups.2 gethostbyname.3 gethostid.2 gethostname.2 getlogin.3 getmntent.3 getpagesize.2 getpw.3 getpwent.3 getpwent_r.3 getpwnam.3 getsid.2 getspnam.3 gettimeofday.2 getumask.3 getusershell.3 gsignal.3 hypot.3 inet.3 initgroups.3 insque.3 isalpha.3 iswblank.3 j0.3 kill.2 killpg.2 lgamma.3 lockf.3 log1p.3 log2.3 logb.3 longjmp.3 lrint.3 lround.3 madvise.2 mbsnrtowcs.3 memfrob.3 mincore.2 mkdtemp.3 mknod.2 mkstemp.3 mktemp.3 nan.3 nanosleep.2 nextafter.3 nice.2 on_exit.3 perror.3 posix_memalign.3 posix_openpt.3 printf.3 profil.3 psignal.3 putenv.3 putpwent.3 qecvt.3 rand.3 random.3 rcmd.3 readahead.2 readlink.2 realpath.3 remainder.3 remquo.3 rexec.3 rint.3 round.3 rpmatch.3 scalb.3 scandir.3 scanf.3 seekdir.3 select.2 sem_wait.3 semop.2 setbuf.3 setenv.3 seteuid.2 setjmp.3 setnetgrent.3 setpgid.2 setresuid.2 setreuid.2 sigaltstack.2 siginterrupt.3 significand.3 sigqueue.2 sigvec.3 sigwaitinfo.2 sockatmark.3 stat.2 stime.2 strdup.3 strerror.3 strsep.3 strtod.3 strtok.3 strtol.3 strtoul.3 symlink.2 sync.2 syscall.2 syslog.3 tcgetsid.3 telldir.3 tempnam.3 termios.3 tgamma.3 timegm.3 toascii.3 trunc.3 truncate.2 ttyslot.3 tzset.3 ualarm.3 unlocked_stdio.3 unshare.2 usleep.3 vfork.2 vhangup.2 wait.2 wait4.2 wcscasecmp.3 wcsncasecmp.3 wcsnlen.3 wcsnrtombs.3 wcswidth.3 wordexp.3 wprintf.3 mtk Added/updated feature test macro requirements for glibc; see feature_test_macros.7 for details. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mq_notify.2 mq_open.2 mq_timedreceive.2 mq_timedsend.2 mq_unlink.2 mtk Fix broken link setpgid.2 mtk Fairly substantial changes and corrections, including adding coverage of all of the interfaces that get/set PGIDs. syscalls.2 mtk / aeb Various rewordings; clear up some imprecisions. lgamma.3 mtk Added 'signgam' to SYNOPSIS and NAME line. strerror.3 mtk Note that the XPG version is provided since glibc 2.3.4. The page formerly said that the GNU-specific version is provided by default. That certainly isn't true nowadays, since _POSIX_C_SOURCE is set to 200112L by default, so that the XSI-compliant version is supplied by default. man-pages.7 mtk Added note pointing to feature_test_macros.7 for a description of how feature test macro requirements should be specified in manual pages. Various other minor fixes and changes. feature_test_macros.7 mtk Added note about how feature test macros are specified in manual pages. Many other corrections, improvements, additions, and details about differences across glibc versions. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.65 ==================== Released: 2007-09-17 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aleksandr Koltsoff Andi Kleen Anton Blanchard Ari Entlich Carsten Emde François Diakhate Geoff Clare Jon Burgess Julien Cristau Lee Schermerhorn Mats Wichmann Maxime Bizon Maxime Vaudequin Michael Prokop Mike Frysinger Nicolas François Nicolas George Paul Brook Reuben Thomas Sam Varshavchik Samuel Thibault Thomas Huriaux Tolga Dalman Ulrich Drepper Vincent Lefevre Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Various pages mtk Use 'glibc' consistently to refer to GNU C library. Various pages mtk Order errors under ERRORS alphabetically. Various pages Nicolas François Spelling and formatting fixes, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=439560 intro.2 select.2 fmtmsg.3 getgrent_r.3 envz_add.3 rtime.3 strptime.3 wordexp.3 Maxime Vaudequin Add "#include " (to declare exit(3)) to example program. New pages --------- timeradd.3 mtk Description of timeradd(), timersub(), timerclear(), timerisset(), timercmp() macros for operating on struct timeval. Removed pages ------------- fdatasync.2 mtk Somehow, over time, material on fdatasync(2) crept into fsync.2, and fdatasync also got added to the NAME section of fsync.2. All of the material in fdatasync.2 that was not already in fsync.2 has now been moved there, and the former page has been removed. In place of the content there, is now a link to fsync.2. New links --------- clock_getres.2 clock_gettime.2 clock_settime.2 mtk Link to man3/clock_getres.3. fdatasync.2 mtk Link to fsync.2. fdopendir.3 mtk Link to opendir.3. gethostbyaddr_r.3 Mats Wichmann Link to gethostbyaddr.3. timerclear.3 timercmp.3 timerisset.3 timersub.3 mtk Links to new timeradd.3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- Makefile Mike Frysinger Make the install target of man-pages respect the standard "DESTDIR" variable as well as check the exit status of the install command so errors aren't ignored. get_mempolicy.2 Lee Schermerhorn changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" through out the descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis rewrite portions of description for clarification. added all errors currently returned by sys call. removed cautionary note that use of MPOL_F_NODE|MPOL_F_ADDR is not supported. This is no longer true. added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list. getitimer.2 mtk Since kernel 2.6.22, Linux setitimer() now conforms to POSIX.1, giving an EINVAL error for a non-canonical tv_usec value. gettimeofday.2 mtk Replace discussion of timer* macros with a pointer to new page timeradd.3. ioctl_list.2 Nicolas George Fixed argument type for BLKGETSIZE. mbind.2 Lee Schermerhorn changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. rewrite portions of description for clarification. clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files and shared memory regions, including SHM_HUGE regions. defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this means for MPOL_PREFERRED. mention what happens if local/target node contains no free memory. clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy. Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if this happens. added all errors currently returned by sys call. added mmap(2), shmget(2), shmat(2) to SEE ALSO list. mmap.2 mprotect.2 François Diakhate Add text noting that PROT_WRITE may (and on x86 does) imply PROT_READ. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=441387 nfsservctl.2 Aleksandr Koltsoff Fix prototype. oldfstat.2 oldlstat.2 oldstat.2 mtk Fix broken link prctl.2 mtk Update arches/kernel versions for PR_SET_UNALAIGN / PR_GET_UNALIGN. readahead.2 mtk Removed SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent fadvise.2. reboot.2 mtk Place SYNOPSIS comments inside C comments (/* ... */). sched_setaffinity.2 Samuel Thibault Note what thread is affected if 'pid' is specified as 0, or as the value returned by getpid(). sched_setscheduler.2 Carsten Emde Add text on real-time features of mainline Linux kernel. select_tut.2 mtk sync SYNOPSIS with select.2 set_mempolicy.2 Lee Schermerhorn changed the "policy" parameter to "mode" throughout the descriptions in an attempt to promote the concept that the memory policy is a tuple consisting of a mode and optional set of nodes. added requirement to link '-lnuma' to synopsis rewrite portions of description for clarification. clarify interaction of policy with mmap()'d files. defined how "empty set of nodes" specified and what this means for MPOL_PREFERRED. mention what happens if local/target node contains no free memory. clarify semantics of multiple nodes to BIND policy. Note: subject to change. We'll fix the man pages when/if this happens. added all errors currently returned by sys call. added mmap(2) to SEE ALSO list. sigaction.2 mtk s/si_sign/si_errno/ in statement about which field is unused. Ari Entlich s/SIGILL/SIGCHLD/ for paragraph describing SIGCHLD. stat.2 mtk Improve text describing underlying system calls. swapon.2 Michael Prokop EINVAL also occurs if target path is on tmpfs or similar. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435885 sync.2 mtk Incorporated material from now deleted fdatasync.2. syscall.2 mtk Small fix in example program. uname.2 mtk Improve text describing underlying system calls. utime.2 Vincent Lefevre / mtk Clarify utimes() behaviour when 'times' is NULL. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=431480 mtk Other minor clarifications of description of utimes(). copysign.3 Vincent Lefevre s/sign/sign bit/ to remove ambiguity in description. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435415 euidaccess.3 mtk Changed NOTES to VERSIONS. ffsl.3 mtk Add ffsl and ffsll to NAME line. fts.3 mtk Removed statement that fts functions are expected to appear soon in POSIX; it's years old and has not yet come to pass. ftw.3 mtk / Geoff Clare Fixes/improvements for example program. getdate.3 mtk Add getdate_r to NAME section. getaddrinfo.3 mtk / Geoff Clare Fixes/improvements for example program. gethostbyaddr.3 Mats Wichmann Add documentation for gethostbyaddr_r(). Plus a few other small fixes. gethostbyname.3 mtk Add gethostbyname2, gethostbyname2_r, gethostbyname_r, gethostent_r to NAME line. getmntent.3 mtk Fix misnamed function references. getopt.3 Jon Burgess Fix small error in example program. getrpcent.3 mtk Add setrpcent and endrpcent to NAME line. gsignal.3 Aleksandr Koltsoff Fix gsignal() prototype. hsearch.3 mtk Add hcreate_r, hdestroy_r, hsearch_r to NAME line. inet.3 Maxime Bizon Correct definition of "struct in_addr". isatty.3 mtk Minor wording fix. isgreater.3 mtk Add islessequal to NAME line. lgamma.3 Vincent Lefevre Fix CONFORMING TO section. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417592 log1p.3 mtk Add log1pf and log1pl to NAME line. longjmp.3 Paul Brook / mtk After a call to longjmp(), the values of modified, non-volatile variables in the function that called setjmp() are unspecified. makecontext.3 Aleksandr Koltsoff Fix makecontext() prototype. malloc.3 mtk / Tolga Dalman Explain what happens for malloc(0), or calloc() where one of the arguments is 0. mtk Added notes on malloc()'s use of sbrk() and mmap(). mtk Add mmap(2), alloca(3) to SEE ALSO. mq_close.3 mq_getattr.3 mq_notify.3 mq_open.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 mq_unlink.3 mtk Add "Link with -lrt." to SYNOPSIS. opendir.3 Ulrich Drepper; some edits and additional text by mtk Document fdopendir(). readdir.3 mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen Document DT_* constants for d_type. Ulrich Drepper / mtk Rework discussion of non-standard structure fields. sem_wait.3 mtk Minor improvements to example program. syslog.3 mtk Add vsyslog to NAME section. termios.3 Nicolas François Fix XCASE feature test macro description. wcsspn.3 Aleksandr Koltsoff Add return type to prototype. proc.5 mtk Improve description of num_threads field under /proc/PID/stat. Maxime Vaudequin Fix path error (s%proc/sys%proc/sys/kernel%) in mentions of /proc/sys/ostype, /proc/sys/osrelease and proc/sys/version. Maxime Vaudequin I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection "/proc/filesystems" of proc.5: - clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded - add a reference to fs(5) - add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev" - s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO" - clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more appropriate + additional explanations In mount(8) we can see: If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is specified, mount will try to guess the desired type. If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that does not turn up anything that looks familiar, mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems, or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems. All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read /proc/filesystems afterwards. Samuel Thibault Since linux 2.6.11, /proc/stat has an eighth value for cpu lines: stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when running in a virtualized environment. arp.7 Updated BUGS text referring to jiffies; refer to time.7 instead. credentials.7 mtk Add words to note that file system ID is Linux specific. hier.7 Maxime Vaudequin This is some corrections for hier.7: - missing period for /media and /mnt - /mnt description is not totally correct, it is true for some distributions but in others /mnt is used as a temporary FS mount point, as it is specified by FHS: http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html#MNTMOUNTPOINTFORATEMPORARILYMOUNT - s/X-Windows/X-Window/ (3 occurrences) - section "SEE ALSO": s/mount(1)/mount(8)/ man-pages.7 man.7 mdoc.7 mdoc.samples.7 mtk / Nicolas François Nowadays tmac.XXX are called XXX.tmac. pthreads.7 mtk Update text about modern threading implementations (NPTL vs LinuxThreads). socket.7 mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen Clarify that SO_SNDTIMEO and SO_RCVTIMEO only have effect for socket I/O calls; not for multiplexing system calls like select() and poll(). time.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO reference to new timeradd.3. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.66 ==================== Released: 2007-10-01 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Amit K. Arora David Chinner Fredrik Noring Mats Wichmann Maxime Vaudequin Ollie Wild Ulrich Drepper Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- fallocate.2 David Chinner, with some input from Amit Amora and mtk Describes the fallocate() system call, new in 2.6.23. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- close.2 Fredrik Noring Add text cautioning about use of close() in multithreaded programs. execve.2 Ollie Wild / mtk Add text describing limit on total size of argv + envp, and changes that occurred with 2.6.23. mtk Add getopt(3) to SEE ALSO list. open.2 mtk, Acked by Ulrich Drepper Added description of O_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23) + other minor fixes for O_DIRECT. recv.2 mtk Added description of MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC (new in 2.6.23). sysctl.2 mtk Strengthened the warning against using this system call and note that it may disappear in a future kernel version. rpc.3 Mats Wichmann Fix type definition for 'protocol' in prototypes of pmap_set() and pmap_getport(). ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.67 ==================== Released: 2007-10-08 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Andrew Josey Maxime Vaudequin Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- *.1p *.3p mtk, after a note by Andi Kleen and consultation with Andrew Josey. Add a PROLOG section: This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. *.0p *.1p *.3p mtk Some formatting fixes, mostly to get rid of unwanted spaces before "," in formatted output. * */* mtk Change all occurrences of my email address in man-pages source to my new gmail address. Many many pages Maxime Vaudequin I noticed useless use of macros with alternating formatting (".IR" instead ".I" which suffices, ".BR" instead ".B", etc.) because there is only one element. For example in ldconfig.8: -.BR /sbin/ldconfig +.B /sbin/ldconfig This is not very important, it only makes the sources more tidy. To find these I used: egrep '^\.(B[RI]|R[IB]|I[RB]) ([^ ]+|\"[^\"]\+\")$' And if you want to make these changes, you can use: sed 's/^\(\.[BRI]\)[BRI]\( \([^ ]\+\|\"[^\"]\+\"\)\)$/\1\2/g' ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.68 ==================== Released: 2007-11-19 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: A. Costa Andrew McDonald Geoff Clare Heikki Orsila Hyokyong Kim Ivana Varekova Justin Pryzby Maxime Vaudequin Mike Frysinger Nicolas François Pádraig Brady Sam Varshavchik Timo Juhani Lindfors Ulrich Drepper Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 futimesat.2 linkat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 symlinkat.2 mkfifoat.3 mtk, after http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445436 by Timo Juhani Lindfors Added to SYNOPSIS. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- _syscall.2 mtk Created as a new page, by taking the content specific to the _syscall() macros from intro(2). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- README mtk Brought up to date. man-pages-*-Announce mtk Brought the info in here up to date. intro.1 mtk Added intro paragraph about section, plus a paragraph about exit status values. Move "user intro" text to NOTES. get_mempolicy.2 mtk Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically intro.2 mtk Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics. Moved _syscallN() material to new _syscall(2) page. mbind.2 mtk Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically mmap.2 Maxime Vaudequin Fix syntax error in example program. prctl.2 mtk Linux 2.6.22 added support on Alpha for PR_SET_UNALIGN. ptrace.2 Nicolas François / mtk s/PTRACE_POKEUSR/PTRACE_POKEUSER/ s/PTRACE_PEEKUSR/PTRACE_PEEKUSER/ read.2 mtk / Geoff Clare Add text describing timerfd EINVAL error for read(2). set_mempolicy.2 mtk Reorder ERRORS sections alphabetically syscall.2 mtk Added _syscall(2) and intro(2) to SEE ALSO section. syscalls.2 mtk Added fallocate(2); removed timerfd(2). sysinfo.2 mtk Removed reference to example in intro(2). dlopen.3 mtk Added "Link with -ldl." to SYNOPSIS. getaddrinfo.3 Ulrich Drepper / mtk Remove references to getipnodebyname.3 and getipnodebyaddr.3. gethostbyname.3 mtk / Ulrich Drepper Remove SEE ALSO references to getipnodebyname.3 and getipnodebyaddr.3. Pádraig Brady / mtk / Ulrich Drepper Point out that the functions described on this page are made obsolete by getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3). getipnodebyname.3 mtk Clarify that glibc does not implement these functions. glob.3 Ulrich Drepper / mtk Fix description of GLOB_ONLYDIR. mtk Added description of GLOB_TILDE_NOMATCH. Expanded the description of various flags. Various wording fixes.. intro.3 mtk Pretty much a complete rewrite, covering some additional topics. posix_fallocate.3 mtk Add SEE ALSO referring to fallocate.2. rpc.3 Sam Varshavchik Add some arg declarations to prototypes; fix typos. setbuf.3 Mike Frysinger Fix text in BUGS section. sigset.3 mtk The sigset() bugs were fixed in glibc 2.5. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1951 intro.4 mtk Minor rewrites. st.4 Maxime Vaudequin Various small corrections, formattings and modifications. elf.5 Mike Frysinger Document: - new p_flag: PT_GNU_STACK - new sections: .gnu.version .gnu.version_d .gnu.version_r .note.GNU-stack - new structures: ElfN_Verdef ElfN_Verdaux ElfN_Verneed ElfN_Vernaux intro.5 mtk Minor rewrites. proc.5 Ivana Varekova / mtk Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled. Maxime Vaudequin Update description of /proc/pci. Maxime Vaudequin Give italic formatting to file names in proc.5. mtk The display type of the /proc/PID/stat fields changed %lu to %u in Linux 2.6.22: flags rt_priority policy slabinfo.5 Ivana Varekova / mtk Add text noting that since kernel 2.6.16, /proc/slabinfo is only available if CONFIG_SLAB is enabled. intro.6 mtk Minor rewrites. bootparam.7 Maxime Vaudequin Update references to files in kernel "Documentation" directory. intro.7 mtk Minor rewrites. ipv6.7 Andrew McDonald Fix description of IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT option. standards.7 mtk Note online location of C99 standard. intro.8 mtk Some rewrites, plus new paragraph on exit status values. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.69 ==================== Released: 2007-12-03 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Borowski Alain Portal Andries E. Brouwer J. Bruce Fields David Härdeman Jeremy Kerr Luke Browning Mats Wichmann Maxime Vaudequin Mike Frysinger Reuben Thomas Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- *.[013]p mtk Many whitespace clean-ups in formatted output. mprotect.2 bind.2 mq_notify.3 makecontext.3 fmemopen.3 David Härdeman / mtk Rename error handling function in example program (s/die/handle_error/). Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Removed pages ------------- HOWTOHELP MAINTAINING mtk The content of these files is now available in HTML format. New links --------- cfsetspeed.3 mtk Link to termios.3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- time.1 Alain Portal Added "Linux User's Manual" to .TH line. _syscall.2 aeb / mtk Remove outdated text about pointer blocks for syscalls that have more than 5 arguments. fcntl.2 J. Bruce Fields Add warning that mandatory locking is unreliable. J. Bruce Fields Clarify details in description of file leases. J. Bruce Fields / mtk Minor wording edits. J. Bruce Fields Add F_GETLEASE under RETURN VALUE. mmap.2 mtk Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro. sched_setscheduler.2 Mats Wichmann Add BUGS text noting that the return value from Linux sched_setschuler() does not conform to POSIX. spu_create.2 Jeremy Kerr Various updates and improvements. Luke Browning Refinement of text describing a "gang". mtk Minor edits. spu_run.2 Jeremy Kerr Various updates and improvements. mtk Minor edits. err.3 mtk Remove HISTORY section. fopen.3 Mike Frysinger Document 'e' (close-on-exec) option, new in glibc 2.7. getloadavg.3 Alain Portal / mtk Remove HISTORY section. printf.3 Andries E. Brouwer / mtk Fix the discussion of stdarg macros in the description of vprintf() description. sem_wait.3 mtk Handle errors using a custom handle_error() macro. sigsetops.3 Mats Wichmann Note that sigset_t objects must be initialized with sigemptyset() or sigfillset() before the other macros are employed. termios.3 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Added cfsetspeed() to SYNOPSIS. Added text under CONFORMING TO noting that cfsetspeed() is BSD specific. ttyslot.3 Alain Portal Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since that is the manual page more likely to be found on current systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.) initrd.4 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Move "Configuration" section to top of page (like other section 4 pages) and make it a .SH section. full.4 mtk Re-ordered CONFIGURATION section to go before DESCRIPTION. sk98lin.4 Maxime Vaudequin Fix reference to kernel Documentation file. elf.5 mtk Renamed HISTORY section to NOTES, and removed BSD specific info. proc.5 Maxime Vaudequin Mention grub(8) in same sentence as lilo(8). Maxime Vaudequin Improve description of /proc/sys/abi and /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe. utmp.5 Alain Portal Various references to "getty" were changed to "mingetty", since that is the manual page more likely to be found on current systems. (Completes changes that were made in man-pages-2.44.) iso_8859-2.7 Adam Borowski Reverse the 2.68 change applied by mtk in response to http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=445085 that replaced "Sorbian" with "Serbian". (Sorbian is a language of 50000 people in Brandenburg.) man-pages.7 mtk Added CONFIGURATION to list of "standard" section names. spufs.7 Jeremy Kerr Various updates and improvements. mtk Minor edits. tcp.7 Maxime Vaudequin Fix reference to kernel Documentation file. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.70 ==================== Released: 2007-12-06 Global changes -------------- Many pages mtk Remove section numbers for page references where the reference refers to the page itself. (This stops man2html producing links from a page back to itself.) Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- get_mempolicy.2 mtk Add CONFORMING TO section. io_getevents.2 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. mbind.2 mtk Add CONFORMING TO section. msgop.2 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entries. sigprocmask.2 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. splice.2 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. Add SEE ALSO referring to vmsplice(2). csin.3 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. Add SEE ALSO referring to ccos(3). gethostbyname.3 mtk Add gethostbyaddr_r to NAME section. rint.3 mtk Remove redundant SEE ALSO entry. sigsetops.3 mtk Minor rewording. epoll.7 mtk Minor rewording. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.71 ==================== Released: 2007-12-14 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal John Sigler Josh Triplett Mats Wichmann Pascal MALAISE Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- err.3 fts.3 getloadavg.3 queue.3 rcmd.3 rexec.3 stdin.3 elf.5 operator.7 mtk Replaced the use of mdoc macros on these pages with man macros. The only pages in man-pages that still use mdoc macros are mdoc.7 and mdoc.samples.7. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Deleted pages ------------- TODO mtk This information is now on the website. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- Changes.old mtk Reformat various change log entries to use a consistent format. Expand Debian bug report numbers to be URLs. Other minor tidy-ups. fcntl.2 mtk Document the F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC operation, which is new in kernel 2.6.24. listen.2 Josh Triplett Fix incorrect path for somaxconn. getpw.3 Alain PORTAL Add ENOENT error to ERRORS. sysconf.3 Mats Wichmann Add documentation of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN. tty.4 John Sigler Add tty_ioctl(4) to SEE ALSO list. regex.7 Pascal MALAISE Separate text on back references from that describing basic regexps, as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=379829. mtk Remove crufty text about word boundaries. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.72 ==================== Released: 2007-12-14 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Alex Tuninga Bert Wesarg Maxime Vaudequin Rob Weryk Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Alain PORTAL / mtk Format include files consistently (".I <.*\.h>"). Various pages Alain PORTAL / mtk Format pathname in italics (.I). dbopen.3 mpool.3 recno.3 Alain PORTAL Remove brackets ([]) around error names. console.4 tty.4 ttyS.4 issue.5 ttytype.5 utmp.5 mtk / Maxime Vaudequin Some systems have mingetty(8), others have agetty(8), so both should be mentioned when we are talking about getty-style programs. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Renamed pages ------------- filesystems.5 mtk / Alain PORTAL Was previously fs.5 New links --------- argz.3 Bert Wesarg / mtk Link to argz_add.3. envz.3 Bert Wesarg / mtk Link to envz_add.3. fs.5 mtk / Alain PORTAL Link to filesystems.5. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- readahead.2 Rob Weryk Fix declaration of 'offset' in SYNOPSIS. seteuid.2 mtk s/SETGUID/SETEUID/ in .TH line. __setfpucw.3 mtk Fixed include files references / formatting. abort.3 mtk, after a note by Alex Tuninga A fairly significant rewrite to clarify operation of abort(). argz_add.3 Bert Wesarg / mtk s/envz/envz_add/ in SEE ALSO. basename.3 mtk s/DIRNAME/BASENAME/ in .TH line, and swap function names in NAME section. envz_add.3 Bert Wesarg / mtk s/argz/argz_add/ in SEE ALSO. flockfile.3 mtk s/LOCKFILE/FLOCKFILE/ in .TH line. getgrent_r.3 mtk s/GETGRENT/GETGRENT_R/ in .TH line. stdio.3 Sam Varshavchik Reformat function list at end of page as a proper table. ttyslot.3 Maxime Vaudequin Revert earlier s/getty/mingetty/. This page talks about historical behavior, and that means "getty(8)". undocumented.3 mtk Remove reference to "obstack stuff"; it's not clear what that is about. console_ioctl.4 mtk s/CONSOLE_IOCTLS/CONSOLE_IOCTL/ in .TH line. proc.5 mtk s/fs (5)/filesystems (5)/ man-pages.7 mtk / Alain PORTAL Improve discussion of formatting of file names. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.73 ==================== Released: 2007-12-14 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Pádraig Brady Reuben Thomas Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Alain PORTAL Formatting fixes. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mknod.2 mtk, after a report by Reuben Thomas Clarify use of mkfifo() versus mknod(). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455825 fgetgrent.3 mtk Small rewording. fgetpwent.3 mtk Small rewording. rcmd.3 mtk Noted feature test macro requirements. BUGS: noted that iruserok() is not declared in glibc headers. filesystems.5 mtk Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS to list of file systems. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.74 ==================== Released: 2007-12-20 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andrew Morton David Brown Jeremy Kerr Mats Wichmann Sam Morris Sam Varshavchik Samuel Thibault Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Alain PORTAL Formatting fixes. Various pages mtk / Alain Portal s/``...''/"..."/ Various pages mtk s/epoch/Epoch/ Various pages mtk Make the standard indent for code samples, shell session logs, etc. to be ".in +4n". Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _syscall.2 mtk Nowadays there is _syscall6() also. chroot.2 mtk Various minor formatting changes. epoll_wait.2 mtk Fix types in structs. Formatting fixes. mount.2 mtk, after a note by Sam Morris Clarify that MS_NODIRATIME provides a subset of the functionality provided by MS_NOATIME. sched_setaffinity.2 mtk Minor rearrangement of text. select_tut.2 mtk Fix (my) typos in argument names. Formatting fixes. spu_create.2 Jeremy Kerr We can use context FDs for the dirfd argument to the *at() syscalls. times.2 mtk, after a note from David Brown and Andrew Morton http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=119447727031225&w=2 Rework the text describing the return value to be closer to the requirements of POSIX.1; move Linux details to NOTES and add a warning not to rely on those details. Add a warning about the -1 to -4095 bug which results in a 41 second window where the glibc wrapper will wrongly return -1 indicating an error. mtk Remove cruft HZ text. Clarify text describing return value of clock(3). getw.3 Mats Wichmann CONFORMING TO: getw() and putw() were in SUSv2, but are not in POSIX.1-2001. hash.3 mtk / Alain Portal Minor rewordings + formatting fixes. st.4 Alain Portal / mtk Many formatting fixes. mtk Place ERRORS in alphabetical order. vcs.4 Samuel Thibault Document VT_GETHIFONTMASK (new in 2.6.18) and add to example program; attribute/text characters are in the host byte order. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=456437 mtk Minor edits. bootparam.7 Alain PORTAL Formatting fixes. inotify.7 mtk Minor heading changes and reformattings. man-pages.7 mtk Note that code segments, structure definitions, shell session logs, should be indented by 4 spaces. spufs.7 Jeremy Kerr Add a little information about the differences to mbox. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.75 ==================== Released: 2008-01-08 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andi Kleen Andreas Henriksson Jeremy Kerr Justin Pryzby Phil Endecott Sam Varshavchik Thomas Huriaux Timo Sirainen Trond Myklebust Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk (Grammatical) hyphenation was fixed in many places. epoll_wait.2 mbind.2 spu_run.2 ecvt.3 fmtmsg.3 getnameinfo.3 rtc.4 proc.5 charsets.7 ip.7 ipv6.7 raw.7 uri.7 Justin Pryzby / mtk Fix incorrect usage of "a" and "an" before following vowel / consonant, by reviewing the output of the following scripts: for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do echo $a MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null | egrep '(^| )an [^aeiou][a-z]' done | less for a in $(wc */*.? | awk '$1 > 10 {print $4}' | gv total); do echo $a MANWIDTH=4000 man -l $a 2>/dev/null | egrep '(^| )a [aeiou][a-z]' done| less err.3 fts.3 queue.3 rcmd.3 rexec.3 stdin.3 elf.5 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Improve macros used in 2.71 to convert from "mdoc" to "man". _exit.2 chroot.2 getgid.2 getpid.2 getrusage.2 getsid.2 gettid.2 getuid.2 iopl.2 kill.2 personality.2 pivot_root.2 ptrace.2 sched_setparam.2 sched_setscheduler.2 sched_yield.2 seteuid.2 setgid.2 setpgid.2 setresuid.2 setreuid.2 setuid.2 unlink.2 wait.2 openpty.3 raise.3 setlogmask.3 sleep.3 ttyslot.3 ulimit.3 tty.4 tty_ioctl.4 path_resolution.7 mtk s/current process/calling process/ cacheflush.2 clone.2 fcntl.2 getitimer.2 getrlimit.2 mmap.2 mprotect.2 times.2 adjtime.3 byteorder.3 inet.3 offsetof.3 rtc.4 icmp.7 pipe.7 time.7 mtk s/x86/i386/ since that is the name used in 'arch' directories in the kernel source, and previously both i386 and x86 were both used in man pages; also nowadays 'x86' is somewhat ambiguous, since it is the name of the 'arch' directory for i386 and x86-64. conj.3 cacos.3 cacosh.3 cabs.3 carg.3 casin.3 casinh.3 catan.3 catanh.3 ccos.3 ccosh.3 cexp.3 cimag.3 clog.3 cosh.3 creal.3 csin.3 csinh.3 ctan.3 ctanh.3 sinh.3 tanh.3 mtk Various reformattings. Various pages Alain Portal Formatting fixes. mlock.2 mprotect.2 mpool.3 offsetof.3 Alain Portal Format SYNOPSIS in a manner consistent with other pages. Various pages mtk / Alain Portal Format casts so that there is a non-breaking space after the type, and remove unnecessary parentheses around the casted value. Thus, for example, the following: .IR "(size_t) (\-1)" . becomes: .IR "(size_t)\ \-1" . Various pages mtk / Alain Portal Replace "-" by "\-" where a real dash is required. Various pages mtk Make the formatting of instances of '*varname' consistent, changing instances such as: .RI * varname to: .I *varname pciconfig_read.2 nfsservctl.2 bstring.3 cpow.3 getipnodebyname.3 getpwnam.3 getrpcent.3 lsearch.3 malloc_hook.3 mpool.3 stdin.3 strtol.3 strtoul.3 unlocked_stdio.3 regex.3 sd.4 resolv.conf.5 utmp.5 futex.7 mtk Format SYNOPSIS consistently. drand48.3 drand48_r.3 flockfile.3 erf.3 sigvec.3 timeradd.3 wprintf.3 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Standardize sentence used under "Feature Test Macro Requirements" when referring to all functions shown in the SYNOPSIS. get_kernel_syms.2 getdents.2 getitimer.2 nanosleep.2 query_module.2 statvfs.2 clock_getres.3 getaddrinfo.3 getgrent.3 getipnodebyname.3 console_ioctl.4 tty_ioctl.4 rtnetlink.7 mtk Indent structure definitions by +4n. recv.2 btree.3 dbopen.3 ether_aton.3 fts.3 hash.3 mpool.3 profil.3 rcmd.3 recno.3 rpc.3 xdr.3 console_ioctl.4 ddp.7 ip.7 ipv6.7 svipc.7 mtk Use C99 standard types in declarations. s/u_long/unsigned long/ s/ulong/unsigned long/ s/u_char/unsigned char/ s/u_short/unsigned short/ s/ushort/unsigned short/ s/u_int8_t/uint8_t/ s/u_int16_t/uint16_t/ s/u_int32_t/uint32_t/ s/u_int/unsigned int/ exit_group.2 fallocate.2 getdents.2 ioctl_list.2 nfsservctl.2 sched_setaffinity.2 set_tid_address.2 ustat.2 argz_add.3 confstr.3 envz_add.3 getline.3 getpwnam.3 gets.3 getw.3 inet_ntop.3 inet_pton.3 offsetof.3 console_ioctl.4 termcap.5 ascii.7 feature_test_macros.7 netlink.7 operator.7 svipc.7 mtk Fix unbalanced .nf/.fi pairs. chmod.2 getxattr.2 listxattr.2 lseek.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 stat.2 feature_test_macros.7 fpathconf.3 fopen.3 mtk Rename argument: s/file*des/fd/ , since that is the name most commonly used on man pages for a file descriptor argument. bindresvport.3 des_crypt.3 getopt.3 getrpcent.3 realpath.3 rpc.3 xdr.3 mtk Removed .SM macros. madvise.2 getdirentries.3 printf.3 sigvec.3 mtk Remove extraneous .br macro before/after .SH/.SS. _syscall.2 lookup_dcookie.2 aio_cancel.3 aio_error.3 aio_fsync.3 aio_read.3 aio_return.3 aio_write.3 canonicalize_file_name.3 envz_add.3 getgrouplist.3 getttyent.3 key_setsecret.3 mtrace.3 tcgetpgrp.3 tcgetsid.3 ttyslot.3 tty_ioctl.4 mtk Remove extraneous .sp macros. fcntl.2 outb.2 send.2 syscalls.2 getopt.3 proc.5 man-pages.7 standards.7 tcp.7 mtk Remove/replace extraneous .sp macros. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _syscall.2 mtk Nowadays there are seven macros (see 2.74 change log also). arch_prctl.2 mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen Clarify interpretation of 'addr'; plus a few other minor edits and updates. bind.2 mtk Minor rewrites. close.2 mtk Clarify relationship between file descriptor and open file description. connect.2 mtk, Acked by Andi Kleen Since kernel 2.2, AF_UNSPEC for unconnecting a connected socket *is* supported. execve.2 Alain Portal Minor rewordings. futimesat.2 Alain Portal Remove duplicate "#include " from SYNOPSIS. getgid.2 mtk Add getresgid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. getpagesize.2 mtk Small rewording. getresuid.2 mtk Rewrote various parts. getuid.2 mtk Add getresuid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. ioctl_list.2 Alain Portal Use proper tables for layout, and various formatting fixes. mtk Various formatting fixes. listen.2 mtk Rewrote various parts. mbind.2 Andi Kleen / mtk / Alain Portal Modify explanation of EINVAL 'maxnode' error. mmap.2 mtk Add comma to clarify meaning of a sentence. open.2 mtk Clarify initial description of O_EXCL. Clarify description of behaviors of O_CREAT | O_EXCL for symbolic links. Clarify text describing use of lockfiles without O_EXCL. mtk, with input from Timo Sirainen and Trond Myklebust O_EXCL is supported on NFSv3 and later, with Linux 2.6 and later. pipe.2 mtk Rename 'filedes' argument 'pipefd'. pivot_root.2 mtk s/cwd/current working directory/ seteuid.2 mtk Minor changes. setpgid.2 mtk Add credentials(7) to SEE ALSO, and updated copyright credits, to reflect my rewrite of a few months ago. setsid.2 mtk Add getsid(2) and credentials(7) to SEE ALSO. spu_create.2 Alain Portal / mtk; acked by Jeremy Kerr Minor formatting/wording changes. mtk Put EPERM in right alphabetical position in ERRORS list. argz_add.3 mtk Formatting fixes. atexit.3 mtk Minor changes to example program. cerf.3 mtk These functions are still not present as at glibc 2.7. dbopen.3 Alain Portal / mtk Various minor spelling and formatting fixes. envz_add.3 mtk Formatting fixes. fexecve.3 mtk Fix placement of feature test macro in SYNOPSIS. fmax.3 fmin.3 mtk Small rewording. getline.3 mtk Minor changes to example program. getrpcent.3 getrpcport.3 mtk Use modern C prototypes in SYNOPSIS. getutent.3 Alain Portal / mtk Formatting fixes. mbsnrtowcs.3 mbsrtowcs.3 mbstowcs.3 mtk Use .IP tags to create properly formatted lists. rpc.3 mtk Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes. Add text and start of page describing header files and types required by functions. Reformat discussion of request under clnt_control(). xdr.3 mtk Convert function declarations to use modern C prototypes. Remove crufty "int empty" from xdrrec_eof() description. console_codes.4 Phil Endecott Relocate misplaced line: "and if LF/NL (new line mode) is set also a carriage return;" as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458338. console_ioctl.4 mtk Formatting fixes. bootparam.7 mtk, after a note by Alan Portal Fix reference to kernel documentation source file in the "The Sound Driver" subsection. man-pages.7 Alain Portal Move CONFIGURATION description after SYNOPSIS description. mtk / Alain Portal Note that header files should be surrounded by angle brackets (<>). posixoptions.7 mtk Minor formatting and wording fixes. rtnetlink.7 Andreas Henriksson Fix description of RTM_F_EQUALIZE. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=458325. signal.7 mtk Minor formatting and wording fixes. socket.7 mtk Small rewording of discussion of O_ASYNC. spufs.7 mtk / Jeremy Kerr / Alain Portal s/SPE/SPU/ ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.76 ==================== Released: 2008-01-14 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon Jeremy Kerr Sam Varshavchik Trond Myklebust Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- longjmp.3 printf.3 scanf.3 setbuf.3 setjmp.3 sk98lin.4 environ.7 mtk Rework/remove use of ".ad" macros. ioctl_list.2 mlock.2 mprotect.2 mremap.2 syslog.2 cfree.3 mpool.3 offsetof.3 rpc.3 stdin.3 mtk Fix unbalanced quotes in formatting macros. ftok.3 mtk s/i-node/inode/, for consistency with other pages and POSIX.1-2001. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- chown.2 mtk Minor wording change. dup.2 mtk Reordered text in DESCRIPTION and added some details for dup2(). open.2 Trond Myklebust / mtk Minor fix to O_EXCL changes in previous release. gettid.2 mtk Rewrote DESCRIPTION; noted that thread ID is not the same thing as a POSIX thread ID. pipe.2 mtk Rewrote DESCRIPTION; minor additions to EXAMPLE text. umask.2 mtk A few rewrites and additions. strptime.3 Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belon / mtk Add "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE" to example program. initrd.4 mtk Use quotes more consistently in formatting macros. random.4 mtk, after a report by Daniel Kahn Gilmor Add 2.6 details for /proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=459232. pthreads.7 mtk Minor changes. spufs.7 mtk / Jeremy Kerr Define abbreviation "MSS". ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.77 ==================== Released: 2008-01-31 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Pavel Heimlich Phil Endecott Thomas Huriaux Vincent Lefevre WANG Cong Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- stdarg.3 bootparam.7 Thomas Huriaux Fix broken use of single quotes at start of line, as per: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462636 Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- remove_COLOPHON.sh mtk Script to remove the COLOPHON section from the man pages provided as command-line arguments. This is useful to remove the COLOPHON sections from all of the man pages in two different release trees in order to do a "diff -ruN" to see the "real" differences between the trees. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fcntl.2 mtk Replace tables with .TP macros. fork.2 mtk Added discussion of directory streams. Removed "#include " from SYNOPSIS. Changed authorship notice. futex.2 mtk Add ENOSYS error to errors. Phil Endecott Explicitly describe return value in the event of an error. inotify_add_watch.2 mtk Minor wording changes. splice.2 WANG Cong Fix types for 2 and 4 arguments in splice prototype. wait.2 Phil Endecott Clarify description of return value for WNOHANG. tkill.2 mtk Rewrote DESCRIPTION; emphasized that tkill() is obsoleted by tgkill(). alloca.3 mtk Change description in NAME section. Various rewrites and additions (including notes on longjmp() and SIGSEGV). mtk / Vincent Lefevre Weaken warning against use of alloca(), and point out some cases where it can be useful; as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=461100. bootparam.7 Pavel Heimlich Remove junk line. inotify.7 mtk Replace tables with .TP macros. s/MultiSource Synchronization/MultiSource Synchronization (MSS)/ ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.78 ==================== Released: 2008-02-15 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Davide Libenzi Greg Banks Michael Tokarev Phil Endecott Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- sigaction.2 signal.2 sigwaitinfo.2 signal.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO entry referring to new signalfd.2 page. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- eventfd.2 mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi Documents the eventfd() system call, new in 2.6.22. signalfd.2 mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi Documents the signalfd() system call, new in 2.6.22. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- futex.2 mtk / Phil Endecott Improve wording describing error returns. open.2 Greg Banks Greatly expand the detail on O_DIRECT. reboot.2 mtk / Michael Tokarev Fix RETURN VALUE description: in some cases reboot() does not return. mtk Rename the 'flag' argument to 'cmd', since that is more meaningful, and also what is used in the kernel source. Other minor wording changes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.79 ==================== Released: 2008-03-07 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries E. Brouwer Chris Heath Davide Libenzi Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao Heikki Orsila Jeremy Kerr Justin Pryzby Lasse Kärkkäinen Michael Haardt Mike Frysinger Ron Burk Sam Varshavchik Samuel Thibault Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. New pages --------- timerfd_create.2 mtk, with input and review from Davide Libenzi Documents the timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and timerfd_gettime() system calls, which are new in 2.6.25. New links --------- timerfd_gettime.2 timerfd_settime.2 mtk Links to new timerfd_create.2 page. eventfd_read.3 eventfd_write.3 mtk Links to eventfd.2. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- Makefile aeb Remove code relating to man1/README, which no longer exists. execve.2 mtk Clarify detail of RLIMIT_STACK/4 limit for argv+environ. getitimer.2 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2. getrusage.2 mtk Minor rewordings. open.2 Michael Haardt Move discussion of 'mode' argument under description of O_CREAT. signalfd.2 mtk Fix type for 'ssi_ptr' field. See http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2008-01/msg00002.html. syscalls.2 mtk Add timerfd_create(), timerfd_settime(), and timerfd_gettime() to list. syslog.2 Jeremy Kerr Add info on command type 10. Add details on types 6, 7, 8, and 9. Minor grammar fix. mtk Update LOG_BUF_LEN details. Update RETURN VALUE section. Notes capability requirements under EPERM error. Minor fix to description of type==3 and type==4. Other minor edits. ctime.3 Walter Harms Note that POSIX requires localtime() to act as though tzset() was called, but localtime_r() does not have the same requirement. See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/2034/ getaddrinfo.3 mtk Clarify discussion of NULL 'hints' argument; other minor rewrites. mtk / Sam Varshavchik Remove some duplicated text. malloc.3 Lasse Kärkkäinen / Mike Frysinger / mtk Clarify description of realloc() behavior for ((size == 0) && (ptr != NULL)). posix_fallocate.3 Samuel Thibault s/stdlib.h/fcntl.h/ in SYNOPSIS. proc.5 Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao Update /proc/[number]/cmdline description. It used to be true that the command line arguments were not accessible when the process had been swapped out. In ancient kernels (circa 2.0.*) the problem was that the kernel relied on get_phys_addr to access the user space buffer, which stopped working as soon as the process was swapped out. Recent kernels use get_user_pages for the same purpose and thus they should not have that limitation. epoll.7 Davide Libenzi / mtk Clarify the somewhat unintuitive behavior that occurs if a file descriptor in an epoll set is closed while other file descriptors referring to the same underlying open file description remain open. See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/596462/. mtk Clarify error that occurs if we add an epoll fd to its own set. mtk A few minor rewordings. mtk, after a note by Chris Heath Rework Q1/A1, describing what happens when adding the same file descriptor twice to an epoll set, and when adding duplicate file descriptors to the same epoll set. Heikki Orsila / mtk / Davide Libenzi Clarify Q9/A9 to discuss packet/token-oriented files. mtk, after comments by Davide Libenzi and Chris Heath Added Q0/A0, making explicit that the key for items in an epoll set is [file descriptor, open file description]. mtk, after a note by Ron Burk Change A3, to note that when events are available, the epoll file descriptor will indicate as being readable. mtk Add some further explanation to Q5/A5 about why an epoll file descriptor cannot be passed across a Unix domain socket. posixoptions.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO entry for standards(7). regex.7 mtk Add grep(1) to SEE ALSO. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=348552. standards.7 mtk Add SEE ALSO entry for posixoptions(7). time.7 mtk Added SEE ALSO entry referring to timerfd_create.2. ==================== Changes in man-pages-2.80 ==================== Released: 2008-06-05 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Bunk Alain Portal Andreas Herrmann Andrew Morton Andries E. Brouwer Anoop Aurelien Gerome Daniel Burr Davide Libenzi Felix Kater Folkert van Heusden Hamaji Shinichiro Heikki Orsila Ingo Molnar Justin Pryzby Karsten Weiss Martin Pitt Marty Leisner Nicolas François Nick Piggin Petter Reinholdtsen Reuben Thomas Sam Varshavchik Stuart Brady Theodoros V. Kalamatianos Thomas Huriaux Tim Stoakes Timothy Baldwin Tolga Dalman Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- bdflush.2 inotify_add_watch.2 mprotect.2 sigprocmask.2 ctime.3 getusershell.3 setbuf.3 st.4 ip.7 packet.7 mtk Replace "(il)legal" by "(not) permitted" or "(in)valid". read.2 utime.2 filesystems.5 packet.7 mtk s/time stamp/timestamp/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. madvise.2 mbind.2 mincore.2 mmap.2 mmap2.2 msync.2 remap_file_pages.2 mtk Change name of 'start' argument to 'addr' for consistency with: * other memory-related interfaces * POSIX specification (for those interfaces in POSIX) * Linux and glibc source code (in at least some cases) Various pages mtk s/filesystem/file system/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. Various pages mtk s/zeroes/zeros/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. abs.3 proc.5 mtk s/builtin/built-in/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. mknod.2 ftw.3 mtk s/normal file/regular file/ Various pages mtk s/nonempty/non-empty/ Various pages mtk s/nonzero/non-zero/ Various pages mtk s/realtime/real-time/, for consistency with majority usage. Various pages mtk s/command line/command-line/ when used attributively. Various pages mtk Use "run time" when non-attributive, "run-time" when attributive. Various pages mtk Various pages that I wrote carried a slightly modified version of the "verbatim" license. In the interests of minimizing license proliferation, I've reverted the modified form so that the license is exactly the same as on other pages carrying the verbatim license. epoll_ctl.2 getitimer.2 getrlimit.2 unix.7 mtk s/since kernel x.y.z/since Linux x.y.z/ wait.2 inotify.7 mtk Reformat kernel version information for flags. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François.) New pages --------- random_r.3 mtk, after a suggestion by aeb Documents random_r(3), srandom_r(3), initstate_r(3), and setstate_r(3), which are the reentrant equivalents of random(3), srandom(3), initstate(3), and setstate(3). New links --------- lutimes.3 mtk Link to futimes.3. initstate_r.3 setstate_r.3 srandom_r.3 mtk Links to random_r.3. daylight.3 timezone.3 tzname.3 mtk Links to tzset.3. isnanf.3 isnanl.3 mtk Links to finite.3. encrypt_r.3 setkey_r.3 mtk Links to encrypt.3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Added note that CLONE_STOPPED (which no-one uses anyway) is now deprecated. epoll_create.2 mtk Add NOTES section pointing out that 'size' argument is unused since kernel 2.6.8. epoll_ctl.2 mtk Added portability note to BUGS text for EPOLL_CTL_DEL. epoll_wait.2 mtk If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then epoll_pwait() is equivalent to epoll_wait(). fork.2 mtk NOTES: since glibc 2.3.3, the glibc NPTL fork() wrapper bypasses the fork() system call to invoke clone() with flags providing equivalent functionality. futex.2 mtk, after a note from Adrian Bunk FUTEX_FD has been removed, as of kernel 2.6.26. futimesat.2 mtk Note that this system call is made obsolete by utimensat(2). getgroups.2 Petter Reinholdtsen SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. mtk NGROUPS_MAX increased in kernel 2.6.4. SEE ALSO: Add credentials(7). mtk Reformat DESCRIPTION and RETURN VALUE sections to be more consistent with man-pages style. Add some more detail to descriptions of system calls. Clarified what happens if caller of getgroups() is a member of more than 'size' supplementary groups. ERRORS: Add ENOMEM. getpriority.2 mtk, after a note from Ingo Molnar Add text in NOTES about the punchier effect of nice values in kernel 2.6.23 and later. Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt to SEE ALSO list. gettid.2 mtk Added VERSIONS section noting that this system call first appeared in 2.4.11. kill.2 Marty Leisner / mtk Add text explicitly noting that sig==0 can be used to check for the existence of a PID or PGID. mtk A few minor rewordings. mbind.2 mtk The location of the numactl package has changed. mmap.2 mtk Added some .SS headings to make structure of page a little more obvious. mtk, with input from Nick Piggin MAP_POPULATE supports both file and anonymous mappings. Since 2.6.23, MAP_POPULATE supports private mappings. Since 2.6.23, MAP_NONBLOCK causes MAP_POPULATE to be a no-op. mtk NOTES: Added details on mapping address that is selected by kernel when MAP_FIXED is / isn't specified. mount.2 mtk The MS_REMOUNT changes in 2.4 were at 2.4.10 (not 2.4). mtk Minor wording change. msgctl.2 mtk Clarify that "unused" fields in msginfo structure are "unused within the kernel". msginfo.msgpool is measured in kilobytes, not bytes. Minor rewordings in comments for msginfo structure. msgop.2 mtk Various minor rewordings and restructurings for clarity. mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas Remove "msgop" from NAME section. mkdir.2 mtk Clarify meaning of "BSD group semantics". SEE ALSO: add chown(2). mknod.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2). mmap.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add mprotect(2) and shmat(2). mprotect.2 Hamaji Shinichiro SYNOPSIS: s/size_t \*len/size_t len/ open.2 mtk Note that O_CLOEXEC should be in the next POSIX.1 revision. mtk More than just ext2 supports "mount -o bsdgroups" nowadays, so make the discussion about group ownership of new files a bit more generic. mtk SEE ALSO: add chown(2) and chmod(2). poll.2 mtk If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then ppoll() is equivalent to poll() with respect to signal mask manipulations. posix_fadvise.2 mtk s/posix_madvise (2)/posix_madvise (3)/; (The referred-to page still doesn't exist yet, but hopefully will do sometime soon.) ptrace.2 Anoop, Acked by Roland McGrath. Re PTRACE_PEEKUSER: the offsets and data returned might not match with the definition of struct user. See also http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/8/375 recv.2 Felix Kater / mtk Improve wording for EAGAIN error in discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT. rmdir.2 Martin Pitt POSIX.1 also allows EEXIST for the ENOTEMPTY error condition. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=467552. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk, with input from Ingo Molnar Add description of SCHED_IDLE policy (new in 2.6.23). Tweak description of SCHED_BATCH. Minor rewordings. select_tut.2 Justin Pryzby Various wording clean-ups. semctl.2 mtk Clarify that "unused" fields in seminfo structure are "unused within the kernel". Minor rewordings in comments for seminfo structure. semop.2 Aurelien Gerome Small fix in example code. setpgid.2 mtk / Karsten Weiss Clarify description of setpgid() a little. shmctl.2 mtk Clarify that "unused" fields in shminfo structure are "unused within the kernel". Minor rewordings in comments for shminfo structure. shmop.2 mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas Remove "shmop" from NAME section. signalfd.2 mtk Added BUGS text noting that before kernel 2.6.25, the ssi_int and ssi_ptr fields are not set. Added comments describing fields in signalfd_siginfo structure. Update field names in example program (s/signo/ssi_signo/). Various small fixes, and remove duplicated sentence. Minor edits to structure definition. sigqueue.2 mtk Added some comments to code in NOTES. stat.2 mtk Minor wording change. symlink.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add lchown(2). sync_file_range.2 mtk / Andrew Morton Remove statement that (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER) is a traditional fdatasync(2) operation. See https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=421482 comments 129 to 131. syscalls.2 mtk This page is now up to date as at kernel 2.6.25. syslog.2 mtk Small tidy up of language relating to permissions/capabilities. timerfd_create.2 mtk Minor change to example program. Minor wording change. utime.2 Reuben Thomas Remove unnecessary subheading for utimes(). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=477402. mtk Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls always change *both* timestamps). CONFORMING TO: utimes() is in POSIX.1-2001. mtk Rename 'buf' argument of utime() to 'times' (like utimes()). Clarify explanation of EACCES and EPERM errors. Remove BUGS section, since it doesn't seem to add useful information. Clarified discussion of capabilities, and noted that CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE also has a role. Other minor rewordings. wait.2 mtk, after a note by Justin Pryzby Add a sentence clarifying that even though the default disposition of SIGCHLD is "ignore", explicitly setting the disposition to SIG_IGN results in different treatment of zombies. aio_cancel.3 aio_error.3 aio_fsync.3 aio_read.3 aio_return.3 aio_suspend.3 aio_write.3 Kevin O'Gorman Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS. backtrace.3 Nicolas François s/backtrace_symbols/backtrace_symbols_fd/ in one sentence. mtk Fix bogus reference to variable 'strings': should be: "the array of pointers". ctime.3 mtk Add warning under NOTES that asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), and localtime() may each overwrite the static object returned by any of the other calls. Other minor edits. dlopen.3 mtk Add more detail to the description of the fields in the structure returned by dladdr(). fexecve.3 mtk Clean up SYNOPSIS after work by cut-and-paste-Pete: the necessary header file is not ! futimes.3 mtk Add documentation of lutimes(), which appeared in glibc 2.6. mtk Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls always change *both* timestamps). CONFORMING TO: futimes() did not come from 4.2BSD. (It came from FreeBSD; see the FreeBSD man page.) getenv.3 mtk Noted that caller must not modify returned value string. Noted that getenv() is not reentrant: the buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by later calls to getenv(), putenv(), setenv(), or unsetenv(). Other minor rewrites. getgrent.3 Petter Reinholdtsen SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. gethostbyname.3 mtk Add 'h_errno' to NAME list. getopt.3 mtk Add 'optarg', 'optind', 'opterr', and 'optopt' to NAME section. Add subheading for getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() description. getpt.3 mtk Point out that this function should be avoided in favor of posix_openpt(). Add ERRORS section referring to open(2). getsubopt.3 Daniel Burr SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of valuep. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476672. malloc.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: Note circumstances in which successful malloc() and calloc() can return NULL. mq_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. opendir.3 mtk Describe treatment of close-on-exec flag by opendir() and fdopendir(). openpty.3 mtk SEE ALSO: add ttyname(3). raise.3 mtk / Timothy Baldwin Clarify semantics of raise() when called from a multithreaded program. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476484. mtk Rewrites and additions to various parts of the page. rand.3 Tolga Dalman / aeb / mtk Remove outdated warning in NOTES; encourage the use of random(3) instead. Folkert van Heusden Clarify wording describing range of values returned by rand(). random.3 aeb / mtk / Tolga Dalman Recommend use or random_r(3) for multithreaded applications that need independent, reproducible sequences of random numbers. Move references to "The Art of Computer Programming" and "Numerical Recipes", formerly in rand(3), to this page. Add drand48(93) to SEE ALSO list. regex.3 Heikki Orsila Clarify description of 'rm_eo' field. sem_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. sem_post.3 mtk Added pointer to example in sem_wait(3). sem_close.3 sem_destroy.3 sem_getvalue.3 sem_init.3 sem_open.3 sem_post.3 sem_unlink.3 sem_wait.3 mtk, after a note from Marty Leisner Add text to SYNOPSIS noting the need to link with "-lrt" or "-pthread". setenv.3 mtk setenv() copies 'name' and 'value' (contrast with putenv()). unsetenv() of a nonexistent variable does nothing and is considered successful. Noted that setenv() and unsetenv() need not be reentrant. shm_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. undocumented.3 mtk initstate_r(3), setkey_r(3), setstate_r(3) are now documented. utmp.5 Nicolas François Small rewording. resolv.conf.5 Nicolas François gethostname() is in Section 2, not section 3. ascii.7 Stuart Brady Fix rendering of ' (backtick) and apostrophe (') in tables charsets.7 Nicolas François s/unicode.com/unicode.org/ credentials.7 mtk NOTES: Pthreads requires that all threads share the same UIDs and GIDs. But the Linux kernel maintains separate UIDs and GIDs for every thread. NPTL does some work to ensure that credential changes by any thread are carried through to all POSIX threads in a process. mtk sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) can be used to determine the number of supplementary groups that a process may belong to. Clarify that supplementary group IDs are specified in POSIX.1-2001. epoll.7 mtk, after a note from Sam Varshavchik For answer A2, change "not recommended" to "careful programming may be required". inotify.7 mtk Document SIGIO feature (new in 2.6.25) for inotify file descriptors. mtk Note that select()/poll()/epoll_wait() indicate a ready inotify file descriptor as readable. mtk Document IN_ATTRIB in a little more detail. pthreads.7 Justin Pryzby Grammar fix, plus fix typo in script. mtk Add list of thread-safe functions. standards.7 mtk Add a section on the upcoming POSIX revision. ld.so.8 Justin Pryzby / mtk Various wording improvements. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.00 ==================== Released: 2008-06-12, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries Brouwer Stuart Brady Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- The POSIX.1 man pages (sections 0p, 1p, 3p) have been moved out of this package into the separate man-pages-posix package. This made sense because those pages are seldom changed (only formatting fixes, etc.) so that it was unnecessary to redistribute them with each man-pages release. console_codes.4 random.4 dir_colors.5 proc.5 glob.7 Stuart Brady s/`/\`/ for backquotes used in command substitution, for proper rendering in UTF-8. Various pages mtk, after a note from Stuart Brady Using /'x'/ to denote a character (string) renders poorly in UTF-8, where the two ' characters render as closing single quotes. On the other hand, using /`x'/ renders nicely on UTF-8, where proper opening and closing single quotes are produced by groff(1), but looks ugly when rendered in ASCII. Using the sequence /\\aqx\\aq/ produces a reasonable rendering ('\\aq' is a vertical "apostrophe quote") in both UTF-8 and ASCII. So that change is made in a number of pages. See also http://www.cl.cal.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/quotes.html. Various pages mtk Replace form /`string'/ by /"string"/, since the former renders poorly in ASCII. termios.3 console_codes.4 tty_ioctl.4 termcap.5 charsets.7 mtk Control character names (^X) are written boldface, without quotes. printf.3 scanf.3 proc.5 glob.7 regex.7 mtk Various edits to try and bring some consistency to the use of quotes. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- tty_ioctl.4 mtk Small rewordings in description of packet mode. locale.7 mtk Minor formatting fixes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.01 ==================== Released: 2008-06-25, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andreas Herrmann Andrew P Andrew Clayton Bart Van Assche Christian Borntraeger Christoph Hellwig Daniele Giacomini Dorin Lazar George Spelvin Jason Englander Jeff Moyer Laurent Vivier Masatake YAMOTO Matt Mackall Neil Horman Pavel Machek Peter Zijlstra Petr Baudis Petr Gajdos Roman Zippel Sam Varshavchik Samuel Thibault Stephane Chazelas Stuart Cunningham Thomas Gleixner Tolga Dalman Yao Zhao WANG Cong Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- acct.5 mtk A complete rewrite of this page, now with much more detail. hostname.7 mtk A description of hostname resolution. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, and lightly edited for man-pages style. symlink.7 mtk A description of symbolic links. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, but heavily edited for Linux details, improved readability, and man-pages style. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- getrlimit.2 mtk / Peter Zijlstra Add description of RLIMIT_RTTIME limit, new in 2.6.25. mkstemp.3 mtk Add description of mkostemp(), new in glibc 2.7. core.5 mtk, after a note by Petr Gajdos; review by Neil Horman Document core_pattern pipe syntax, which appeared in kernel 2.6.19. Add an example program demonstrating use of core_pattern pipe syntax. mtk Document /proc/PID/coredump_filter, new in kernel 2.6.23. Documentation was based on the text in Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, plus testing, and checking the kernel source. proc.5 mtk Document /proc/PID/oom_score, which was new in kernel 2.6.11. This file displays the "badness" score of the process, which provides the basis for OOM-killer decisions. mtk Document /proc/PID/oom_adj, which was new in kernel 2.6.11. This file influences the oom_score of a process. mtk Document /proc/PID/limits, which was new in 2.6.24. This file displays a process's resource limits. mtk Document /proc/PID/fdinfo/*, which was new in 2.6.22. These files display info about each descriptor opened by the process: the current file offset, and the file access mode + file status flags as set in open() or fcntl(F_SETFL). mtk Document /proc/PID/mountinfo, which was new in 2.6.26. This file displays information about mount points. Closely based on text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. mtk Document /proc/PID/mountstats, which was new in 2.6.17. This file displays statistics about mount points. mtk Document /proc/PID/status. Samuel Thibault / mtk, review by Laurent Vivier, Christian Borntraeger, and Andrew P Document guest (virtual CPU) time field in /proc/stat. Document guest (virtual CPU) time fields in /proc/PID/stat. New links --------- mkostemp.3 mtk Link to mkstemp.3. getcwd.2 mtk Link to getcwd.3, which describes several interfaces, among them getcwd(), which is in fact a system call. Global changes -------------- sched_setaffinity.2 sched_setscheduler.2 set_mempolicy.2 mbind.2 mtk SEE ALSO: Add cpuset(7). chown.2 faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 getxattr.2 link.2 linkat.2 listxattr.2 open.2 readlink.2 removexattr.2 rename.2 setxattr.2 stat.2 symlink.2 symlinkat.2 unlink.2 futimes.3 remove.3 path_resolution.7 mtk SEE ALSO: Add symlink(7). intro.1 time.1 fcntl.2 gethostbyname.3 ioctl_list.2 mtk Wrap source lines so that new sentence starts on new line. addseverity.3 backtrace.3 dlopen.3 fmtmsg.3 getnameinfo.3 getpt.3 grantpt.3 makecontext.3 ptsname.3 tcgetsid.3 unlockpt.3 wordexp.3 mtk Added VERSIONS section. msgctl.2 msgget.2 semget.2 semop.2 pciconfig_read.2 basename.3 cmsg.3 ftok.3 console_ioctl.4 tzfile.5 mq_overview.7 pty.7 mtk For consistency, "fix" cases where argument of .B or .I was on the following source line. adjtimex.2 getrusage.2 io_getevents.2 poll.2 select.2 semop.2 sigwaitinfo.2 aio_suspend.3 clock_getres.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 sem_wait.3 proc.5 mtk SEE ALSO: add time(7) Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François and Alain Portal.) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- acct.2 mtk Add a few more words to DESCRIPTION. NOTES: Add pointer to acct(5). alarm.2 Alain Portal s/process/calling process/ so as to say that the alarm signal is delivered to the calling process. brk.2 Yao Zhao / mtk Clarify discussion of return value of sbrk(). mtk DESCRIPTION: Add some sentences giving an overview of these interfaces. Add note recommending use of malloc(3). Change name of brk() argument to the simpler 'addr'. Add "(void *)" cast to "-1" for error return of sbrk(). Removed some incorrect text about "brk(0)". Note that SUSv2 specified the return value of sbrk(). Added a detail on the glibc brk() wrapper. Remove discussions of old standards (C89 and POSIX.1-1990); CONFORMING TO already discusses the situation with respect to more recent standards. chmod.2 mtk Clarify description of chmod() and fchmod(). Add further detail on S_ISUID, S_ISGID, and S_ISVTX permissions. Reformat list of permissions bits. chown.2 mtk Describe rules governing ownership of new files (bsdgroups versus sysvgroups, and the effect of the parent directory's set-group-ID permission bit). chroot.2 Alain Portal Clarify description a little. s/changes the root directory/ changes the root directory of the calling process/ execve.2 mtk Fix text that warns against use of NULL argv and envp. Using a NULL envp does in fact seem to be portable (works on Solaris and FreeBSD), but the Linux semantics for a NULL argv certainly aren't consistent with other implementations. See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408. getdents.2 mtk, after a note from George Spelvin Document d_type field, present since kernel 2.6.4. Other minor edits. getitimer.2 mtk Noted that POSIX.1 leaves interactions with alarm(), sleep(), and usleep() unspecified. Linux 2.6.16 removed the MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling on timer values. Other minor changes. io_cancel.2 io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_submit.2 mtk, after a note by Masatake YAMOTO and input from Jeff Moyer Describe the unconventional error return provided by the wrapper function in libaio (and contrast with behavior if the system call is invoked via syscall(2)). See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/4445/ Alain Portal / mtk Re-order ERRORS and SEE ALSO entries to be alphabetical. io_getevents.2 Alain Portal Small wording fix. io_submit.2 Jeff Moyer s/AIO request blocks/AIO control blocks/ mknod.2 mtk Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a (possibly dangling) symbolic link. nanosleep.2 mtk, after a report from Stephane Chazelas Remove crufty discussion of HZ, and replace with a pointer to time(7). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=485636 mtk, after some discussions with Bart Van Assche and Roman Zippel NOTES: describe CLOCK_REALTIME versus CLOCK_NANOSLEEP See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/696854/ "nanosleep() uses CLOCK_MONOTONIC, should be CLOCK_REALTIME?" mtk Replace mentions of "process' by "thread". NOTES: describe case where clock_nanosleep() can be preferable. Some minor rewrites. open.2 mtk, after a note from Christoph Hellwig NOTES: Note that access mode flags are not single bits, and document the Linuxism "access mode 3". See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/653123. readdir.2 mtk Minor wording fixes. recv.2 Alain Portal Add comment to 'ee_pad' field in structure definition. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk Add pointer to discussion of RLIMIT_RTTIME in getrlimit.2. mtk, after a note by Andrew Clayton Rewrote and restructured various parts of the page for greater clarity. mtk Add more detail to the rules that are applied when an unprivileged process with a non-zero RLIMIT_RTPRIO limit changes policy and priority. SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt sync_file_range.2 Pavel Machek SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE can block on writes greater than request queue size. For some background, see http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/687713/focus=688340 syscalls.2 mtk Added system call history back to version 1.2. Fix typo on kernel version for pivot_root(). syslog.2 WANG Cong Document ENOSYS error, which can occur if kernel was built without CONFIG_PRINTK. utime.2 Nicolas François Clarify description of 'times' array for utimes(). adjtime.3 mtk The longstanding bug that if delta was NULL, olddelta didn't return the outstanding clock adjustment, is now fixed (since glibc 2.8 + kernel 2.6.26). http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug?id=2449 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761 dprintf.3 mtk Note that these functions are included in the next POSIX revision. Remove editorial discussion about what the functions should have been named. ftime.3 mtk Rewrote various pieces, and added some details. getaddrinfo.3 mtk Improve description or 'hints' and 'res' arguments. Add details on numeric strings that can be specified for 'node'. Other fairly major restructurings and rewrites to improve logical structure and clarity of the page. SEE ALSO: Add hostname(7). gethostbyname.3 mtk DESCRIPTION: Add reference to inet_addr(3) for dotted notation. SEE ALSO: add inet(3). mtk Added BUGS section noting that gethostbyname() does not recognize hexadecimal components in dotted address strings; See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482973 getmntent.3 mtk, after Stuart Cunningham pointed out the typo Remove statement that LSB deprecates the functions "endmntent(), setmntent() [sic] and setmntent()". This doesn't seem to be true (I can't find mention of it being deprecated in any of the LSB specs). Rather, LSB simply doesn't specify these functions. (LSB 1.3 had a spec of setmntent(), but not getmntent() or endmntent(), and noted that having a spec of setmntent() was of little use without also having a spec of getmntent().) See also https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/lsb-discuss/2006-October/003078.html getnameinfo.3 Tolga Dalman Remove mention of sa_len field from example code. That field is a BSDism not present on Linux. mtk Various minor changes. inet.3 mtk / Stephane Chazelas inet_aton() is *not* in POSIX.1. Rewrote discussion of why inet_addr() is disfavored. SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482979. mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas Describe the various address forms supported by inet_aton(). mtk Rewrite description of inet_network(). Clarify discussion of inet_lnaof(), inet_netof(), and inet_makeaddr(). Add discussion of Classful Addressing, noting that it is obsolete. Added an EXAMPLE program. mtk Relocate discussion of i386 byte order to NOTES. Note that inet_aton() returns an address in network byte order. SEE ALSO: Add byteorder(3) and getnameinfo(3). inet_ntop.3 mtk Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS. SEE ALSO: Add inet(3) and getnameinfo(3). Make NAME line more precise. Move errors to an ERRORS section. Add EXAMPLE section pointing to inet_pton(3). inet_pton.3 mtk / Stephane Chazelas Remove statement that inet_pton() extends inet_ntoa(); that's not really true, since inet_pton() doesn't support all of the string forms that are supported by inet_ntoa(). SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482987. mtk Describe IPv6 address formats. Describe dotted decimal format in more detail. Add an example program. mtk Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS. Make NAME line more precise. Make description of return value more precise. SEE ALSO: Add inet(3). mkfifo.3 mtk Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a (possibly dangling) symbolic link. mkstemp.3 mtk Fix discussion of O_EXCL flag. These functions may also fail for any of the errors described in open(2). Various other rewordings. readdir.3 mtk Document DT_LNK (symbolic link) for d_type field. Reorder DT_ entries alphabetically. remainder.3 mtk Recommend against drem(), in favor of remainder(). scanf.3 mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas Add an ERRORS section documenting at least some of the errors that may occur for scanf(). See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254. mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas; review by Stephane Chazelas Document the GNU 'a' modifier for dynamically allocating strings. See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254. Document the GNU 'm' modifier for dynamically allocating strings. strcat.3 Andreas Herrmann s/strcat/strncat/ (a typo that changed the semantics in DESCRIPTION). strerror.3 mtk, after a note from Daniele Giacomini Modify SYNOPSIS to show prototypes of both versions of strerror_r(), and make other small clarifications of the description regarding the two versions. random.4 George Spelvin (taking time out from his busy Broadway schedule), with some tweaks by Matt Mackall and mtk Add a Usage subsection that recommends most users to use /dev/urandom, and emphasizes parsimonious usage of /dev/random. locale.5 Petr Baudis LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday. proc.5 mtk The various CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat return time in clock ticks (USER_HZ, cputime_to_clock_t(), sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)). Updated, clarified and expanded the description several fields in /proc/[number]/stat. mtk Clarified and expanded the description of /proc/[number]/fd. mtk Updated and clarified the description of /proc/[number]/statm. mtk Updated and clarified the description of /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state. mtk Many formatting, wording, and grammar fixes. man-pages.7 mtk Enhanced description of VERSIONS section. mq_overview.7 mtk Note that Linux does not currently support ACLs for POSIX message queues. sem_overview.7 mtk Note that Linux supports ACLs on POSIX named semaphores since 2.6.19. time.7 mtk, with some suggestions from Bart Van Assche and Thomas Gleixner Added some details about where jiffies come into play. Added section on high-resolution timers. Mentioned a few other time-related interfaces at various points in the page. See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/697378. unix.7 mtk, after a note by Samuel Thibault Provide a clear description of the three types of address that can appear in the sockaddr_un structure: pathname, unnamed, and abstract. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.02 ==================== Released: 2008-07-02, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andries Brouwer Reuben Thomas Sam Varshavchik Stephane Chazelas WANG Cong Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- clock_nanosleep.2 mtk A description of the clock_nanosleep() system call, which was added in kernel 2.6. getgrouplist.3 mtk A near complete rewrite, including additional information and a new example program. getutmp.3 mtk Documents getutmp(3) and getutmpx(3). gnu_get_libc_version.3 mtk Documents gnu_get_libc_version(3) and gnu_get_libc_release(3). sigwait.3 mtk Documents sigwait(3). shm_overview.7 mtk An overview of the POSIX shared memory API. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- updwtmp.3 mtk Document updwtmpx(3). New links --------- getutmpx.3 mtk Link to getutmp.3. gnu_get_libc_release.3 mtk Link to gnu_get_libc_version.3 updwtmpx.3 mtk Link to updwtmp.3 utmpxname.3 mtk Link to getutent.3. utmpx.5 mtk Link to utmp.5. Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk s/user name/username/ Various pages mtk s/host name/hostname/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fchmodat.2 Alain Portal SEE ALSO: add symlink.7. (3.01 changelog wrongly said this had been done.) io_setup.2 Alain Portal Remove superfluous text from RETURN VALUE. mmap.2 mtk SEE ALSO: Add mmap(2), shm_overview(7). shmget.2 shmop.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7). sigreturn.2 mtk Added a bit more detail on what sigreturn() actually does. signalfd.2 sigsuspend.2 mtk SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). sigwaitinfo.2 mtk Describe behavior when multiple threads are blocked in sigwaitinfo()/sigtimedwait(). SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). dirfd.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: describe return value on success. Add an ERRORS section documenting POSIX.1-specified errors. getaddrinfo.3 mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas getaddrinfo() supports specifying IPv6 scope-IDs. getlogin.3 mtk ERRORS: add ENOTTY. SEE ALSO: add utmp(5). getutent.3 WANG Cong utmpname() does return a value. mtk Add paragraph to start of DESCRIPTION recommending use of POSIX.1 "utmpx" functions. CONFORMING TO: mention utmpxname(). Add an ERRORS section. There are no utmpx equivalents of the _r reentrant functions. Clarify discussion of return values. Add pointer to definition of utmp structure in utmp(5). Clarify discussion of utmpx file on other systems (versus Linux situation). getutent.3 mtk SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3) inet_pton.3 Stephane Chazelas Fix error in description of IPv6 presentation format: s/x.x.x.x.x.x.x.x/x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x/. setbuf.3 Reuben Thomas / mtk Fix confused wording for return value of setvbuf(). Fixes http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=488104. mtk Other minor rewordings. shm_open.3 mtk SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7). random.4 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Slight rewording to make life easier for non-native English speakers. utmp.5 mtk Add discussion of POSIX.1 utmpx specification. Provide a little more detail on fields of utmp structure. Added comments to macros for ut_type field. Correct the description of the ut_id field. mtk Consolidate duplicated information about ut_tv and ut_session on biarch platforms. mtk Move some text from CONFORMING TO to NOTES. Removed some crufty text. SEE ALSO: add login(3), logout(3), logwtmp(3). UT_LINESIZE is 32 (not 12). mtk SEE ALSO: add getutmp(3) man-pages.7 mtk Enhanced the discussion of font conventions. signal.7 mtk Note that the delivery order of multiple pending standard signals is unspecified. SEE ALSO: Add sigwait(3). ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.03 ==================== Released: 2008-07-08, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andi Kleen Hidetoshi Seto Li Zefan Paul Jackson Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getcpu.2 Andi Kleen, with some text and edits by mtk Documents the getcpu(2) system call, introduced in Linux 2.6.19. sched_getcpu.3 mtk Documents sched_getcpu(3), a wrapper for getcpu(2), provided since glibc 2.6. cpuset.7 Paul Jackson, with review and editing by mtk, and comments by Hidetoshi Seto and Li Zefan A description of the cpuset file system, the mechanism introduced kernel 2.6.12 for confining processes to designated processors and nodes. (Becomes the fourth largest page in man-pages!) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- readdir.3 mtk Add documentation of readdir_r(). New links --------- updwtmpx.3 Alain Portal Link to updwtmp.3 (3.02 changelog wrongly said this had been done). readdir_r.3 mtk Link to readdir.3. Global changes -------------- get_mempolicy.2 mbind.2 sched_setaffinity.2 set_mempolicy.2 mtk SEE ALSO: Add getcpu(2). accept.2 close.2 connect.2 dup.2 epoll_wait.2 fcntl.2 flock.2 futex.2 msgop.2 poll.2 read.2 recv.2 select.2 semop.2 send.2 sigwaitinfo.2 spu_run.2 wait.2 write.2 aio_suspend.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 scanf.3 sem_wait.3 usleep.3 inotify.7 mtk ERRORS: Added reference to signal(7) in discussion of EINTR. Various pages mtk Wrapped very long source lines. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 mtk Small wording change. io_getevents.2 mtk ERRORS: Add EINTR error. open.2 mtk ERRORS: Add EINTR error. sigaction.2 mtk Note circumstances in which each SA_* flag is meaningful. mtk Describe POSIX specification, and Linux semantics for SA_NOCLDWAIT when establishing a handler for SIGCHLD. mtk Add pointer under SA_RESTART to new text in signal(7) describing system call restarting. mtk Other minor edits. truncate.2 mtk ERRORS: Added EINTR error. A few minor rewordings. wait.2 mtk Remove statement that WUNTRACED and WCONTINUED only have effect if SA_NOCLDSTOP has not been set for SIGCHLD. That's not true. errno.3 mtk Add a pointer to signal(7) for further explanation of EINTR. getgrouplist.3 mtk SEE ALSO: Add passwd(5). readdir.3 mtk Remove from SYNOPSIS; POSIX.1-2001 does not require it. Some minor rewordings. sleep.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: explicitly mention interruption by signal handler. SEE ALSO: add signal(7). usleep.3 mtk POSIX.1-2001 also only documents EINVAL. group.5 mtk SEE ALSO: Add getgrent(3), getgrnam(3). passwd.5 mtk SEE ALSO: Add getpwent(3), getpwnam(3). proc.5 mtk Add pointer to description of /proc/PID/cpuset in cpuset(7). signal.7 mtk Add a section describing system call restarting, and noting which system calls are affected by SA_RESTART, and which system calls are never restarted. mtk Describe the aberrant Linux behavior whereby a stop signal plus SIGCONT can interrupt some system calls, even if no signal handler has been established, and note the system calls that behave this way. mtk Note a few more architectures on which signal numbers are valid. SEE ALSO: added a number of pages. mtk Update async-signal-safe function list for POSIX.1-2004 (which adds sockatmark()). ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.04 ==================== Released: 2008-07-15, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andrea Arcangeli Andreas Mohr Andrew Morgan Erik Bosman John Brooks Nikanth Karthikesan Pavel Heimlich Petr Gajdos Sam Varshavchik Serge Hallyn Sripathi Kodi Vincent Lefevre Apologies if I missed anyone! Web site -------- licenses.html mtk A page describing the preferred licenses for new pages that are contributed to man-pages. New and rewritten pages ----------------------- utimensat.2 mtk New page documenting the utimensat() system call, new in 2.6.22, and futimens() library function. end.3 mtk Documents etext, edata, and end symbols. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- memchr.3 mtk Add description of rawmemchr(). proc.5 mtk Document /proc/config.gz (new in kernel 2.6). mtk, based on text from Documentation/vm/sysctl.txt Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task (new in Linux 2.6.24). Document /proc/sys/vm/oom_dump_tasks (new in Linux 2.6.25). Document /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom (new in Linux 2.6.18). New links --------- edata.3 etext.3 mtk Links to end.3. futimens.3 mtk Link to new utimensat.2. getdate_err.3 mtk Link to getdate.3. h_errno.3 mtk Link to gethostbyname.3. optarg.3 opterr.3 optind.3 optopt.3 mtk Links to getopt.3. rawmemchr.3 mtk Link to memchr.3. sys_errlist.3 sys_nerr.3 mtk Links to perror.3. Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk s/parameter/argument/ when talking about the things given to a function call, for consistency with majority usage. Various pages mtk s/UNIX/Unix/, when not used as part of a trademark, for consistency with majority usage in pages. Various pages mtk, after a note from Alain Portal Put SEE ALSO entries into alphabetical order. Various pages mtk Remove period at end of SEE ALSO list. Various pages mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Even when the CONFORMING TO section is just a list of standards, they should be terminated by a period. getpriority.2 MB_LEN_MAX.3 MB_CUR_MAX.3 fwide.3 mblen.3 rtime.3 st.4 proc.5 bootparam.7 man-pages.7 utf-8.7 tcp.5 mtk / Alain Portal Small wording fixes -- express <=, <, >=, > in words when in running text. sched_setparam.2 sched_setscheduler.2 getgrent_r.3 hash.3 mtk Minor rewording w.r.t. use of the term "parameter". Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. (Many, many thanks to Alain Portal!) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 Andrew Morgan Update in line with addition of file capabilities and 64-bit capability sets in kernel 2.6.2[45]. clock_nanosleep.2 mtk Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS. getrusage.2 Sripathi Kodi Document RUSAGE_THREAD, new in 2.6.26. mtk Improve description of RUSAGE_CHILDREN. Add pointer to /proc/PID/stat in proc(5). Other minor clean-ups. ioprio_set.2 Nikanth Karthikesan Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is longer required to set a low priority (IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE). mount.2 mtk Since Linux 2.6.26, MS_RDONLY honors bind mounts. openat.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add utimensat(3). prctl.2 Serge Hallyn, with some edits/input from mtk Document PR_CAPBSET_READ and PR_CAPBSET_DROP. Erik Bosman Document PR_GET_TSC and PR_SET_TSC. mtk, reviewed by Andrea Arcangeli Document PR_SET_SECCOMP and PR_GET_SECCOMP. mtk PR_SET_KEEPCAPS and PR_GET_KEEPCAPS operate on a per-thread setting, not a per-process setting. mtk Clarify fork(2) details for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG. mtk Add description of PR_SET_SECUREBITS and PR_GET_SECUREBITS, as well as pointer to further info in capabilities(7). mtk PR_GET_ENDIAN returns endianness info in location pointed to by arg2 (not as function result, as was implied by previous text). mtk Expand description of PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME. mtk RETURN VALUE: bring up to date for various options. mtk Various improvements in ERRORS. mtk Note that PR_SET_TIMING setting of PR_TIMING_TIMESTAMP is not currently implemented. mtk Minor changes: * Clarify wording for PR_GET_UNALIGN, PR_GET_FPEMU, and PR_GET_FPEXC. * Some reformatting of kernel version information. * Reorder PR_GET_ENDIAN and PR_SET_ENDIAN entries. readlinkat.2 John Brooks / mtk Fix and reword erroneous RETURN VALUE text. recv.2 mtk Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2. sched_setaffinity.2 mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch Update type used for cpusetsize argument in SYNOPSIS. select.2 Andreas Mohr / mtk Clarify "zero timeout" case. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=490868. send.2 mtk Noted which flags appeared in Linux 2.2. sigaction.2 mtk Document si_overrun and si_tid fields of siginfo structure. Add some text for si_trapno field. The si_errno field is *generally* unused. mtk Put descriptions of SA_* constants in alphabetical order. signal.2 mtk Rewrote and expanded portability discussion. NOTES: Show the raw prototype of signal() (without use of sighandler_t). signalfd.2 mtk Modify description of ssi_trapno field. swapon.2 mtk Fix two version number typos for MAX_SWAPFILES discussion: s/2.6.10/2.4.10/ utime.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add utimensat(2), futimens(3). dl_iterate_phdr.3 Alain Portal SEE ALSO: Add elf(5). crypt.3 mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch Describe additional encryption algorithms. See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280. errno.3 mtk Small rewrites in DESCRIPTION. exec.3 mtk, after a note from Alain Portal Small rewording. exp10.3 Alain Portal SEE ALSO: Add log10(3). exp2.3 Alain Portal Add C99 to CONFORMING TO. fgetgrent.3 Alain Portal Add references to group(5). mtk Minor rewordings. SEE ALSO: add fopen(3). fgetpwent.3 Alain Portal Add reference to passwd(5). mtk Minor rewordings. SEE ALSO: add fopen(3). frexp.3 Alain Portal Add C99 to CONFORMING TO. futimes.3 mtk SEE ALSO: remove futimesat(2); add utimensat(2). getopt.3 mtk Add details on initial value of optind, and note that it can be reset (to 1) to restart scanning of an argument vector. Add a NOTES section describing the glibc-specific behavior when optind is reset to 0 (rather than 1). See http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.programmer/browse_thread/thread/be0d0b7a07a165fb mtk Note glibc extensions under CONFORMING TO. getspnam.3 mtk Improve comments on struct spwd. getpw.3 Alain Portal RETURN VALUE: note that errno is set on error. mtk Add EINVAL error. insque.3 mtk / Alain Portal Minor rewordings. log.3 Alain Portal Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. log10.3 mtk SEE ALSO: Add exp10(3). offsetof.3 Alain Portal Small wording improvement. pow.3 Alain Portal Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. printf.3 mtk / Alain Portal Many small formatting fixes. proc.5 mtk Remove redundant summary list of files in description of /proc/sys/kernel. Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops more precise. Make kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max more precise. Add Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt to SEE ALSO. Other minor edits. profil.3 mtk / Alain Portal Small wording improvement. rtime.3 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Clarify meaning of midnight on 1 Jan 1900/1970. mtk Remove netdate(1) and rdate(1) from SEE ALSO, since these pages don't seem to exist on Linux systems. scanf.3 Vincent Lefevre / mtk Clarify treatment of initial white space by %% conversion specification. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=435648. mtk Many small formatting fixes. stdin.3 Alain Portal Rename CONSIDERATIONS section to NOTES, and relocate to appropriate place on page. tmpfile.3 mtk, after a note by Alain Portal Prepend "POSIX.1-2001 specifies that: " to the sentence stating that tmpfile() may write to stdout. (AFAICS, glibc's tmpfile() does not do this.) ttyname.3 Alain Portal Remove unnecessary sentence in ERRORS. wcsdup.3 Alain Portal Make wording more precise: the memory allocated by wcsdup(3) *should* be freed with free(3). wordexp.3 Alain Portal / mtk Move example into proper EXAMPLE section. tty_ioctl.4 mtk / Petr Gajdos The features in the "Get and Set Window Size" subsection require the inclusion of . capabilities.7 Serge Hallyn, plus a bit of work by mtk Document file capabilities, per-process capability bounding set, changed semantics for CAP_SETPCAP, and other changes in 2.6.2[45]. Add CAP_MAC_ADMIN, CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_SETFCAP. Various smaller fixes. mtk, plus review by Serge Hallyn and Andrew Morgan Add text detailing how CAP_SETPCAP (theoretically) permits -- on pre-2.6.25 kernels, and 2.6.25 and later kernels with file capabilities disabled -- a thread to change the capability sets of another thread. Add section describing rules for programmatically adjusting thread capability sets. Add some words describing purpose of inheritable set. Note existence of CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES config option. Describe rationale for capability bounding set. Document securebits flags (new in 2.6.26). Remove obsolete BUGS section. SEE ALSO: Add getcap(8), setcap(8), and various libcap pages. mtk Add text noting that if we set the effective flag for one file capability, then we must also set the effective flag for all other capabilities where the permitted or inheritable bit is set. mtk Since Linux 2.6.25, CAP_SYS_ADMIN is no longer required for ioprio_set() to set IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE class. mtk Reword discussion of CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE to be file-system neutral. man-pages.7 mtk A list of standards in the CONFORMING TO list should be terminated by a period. The list of pages in a SEE ALSO list should not be terminated by a period. tcp.7 mtk Correct a detail for sysctl_tcp_adv_win_scale. Formatting fixes. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.05 ==================== Released: 2008-07-23, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andries Brouwer Brian M. Carlson Fabian Kreutz Franck Jousseaume Sam Varshavchik Uli Schlacter Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- matherr.3 mtk, with review by Andries Brouwer A description of the SVID-specified mechanism for reporting math exceptions. See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/266. math_error.7 mtk, with review and suggested input from Andries Brouwer A description of how math functions report errors. See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/249. Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively. Various pages mtk For consistency with majority usage: s/plus infinity/positive infinity/ s/minus infinity/negative infinity/ Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- brk.2 mtk SEE ALSO: add end(3). open.2 Brian M. Carlson / mtk Remove ambiguity in description of support for O_EXCL on NFS. As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=491791. prctl.2 mtk Place options in some semblance of alphabetical order. (No content or formatting changes were made.) cerf.3 mtk Bump version number: these functions are still missing in glibc 2.8. fenv.3 mtk SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). INFINITY.3 mtk SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). nan.3 mtk Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece in SYNOPSIS. SEE ALSO: Add math_error(7). rpc.3 mtk / Franck Jousseaume Fix errors introduced into a few prototypes when converting function declarations to use modern C prototypes in man-pages-2.75. ipv6.7 mtk, after a report from Uli Schlacter Document the IPV6_V6ONLY flag. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.06 ==================== Released: 2008-08-05, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andreas Jaeger Andries Brouwer Fabian Kreutz Gernot Tenchio Sam Varshavchik Tolga Dalman Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- erfc.3 mtk Created after removing the erfc() material from erf.3. Documents the complementary error function. y0.3 mtk Created after removing the y*() material from j0.3. Documents the Bessel functions of the second kind. Included ERRORS section; noted that an exception is not raised on underflow, see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6806; and errno is not set on overflow, see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6808; Included BUGS section noting that errno is incorrectly set for pole error; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6807. scalbln.3 mtk Created after removing the scalbln*() and scalbn*() material from scalb.3. Documents scalbln() and scalbn() functions. Included ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803. New and changed links --------------------- erfcf.3 erfcl.3 mtk Changed these links to point to new erfc.3 page. scalblnf.3 scalblnl.3 scalbn.3 scalbnf.3 scalbnl.3 mtk Changed these links to point to new scalbln.3 page. y0f.3 y0l.3 y1.3 y1f.3 y1l.3 yn.3 ynf.3 ynl.3 mtk Changed these links to point to new y0.3 page. Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk s/floating point/floating-point/ when used attributively. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- crypt.3 mtk Tweak discuss text describing support for Blowfish. ctime.3 mtk / Gernot Tenchio Added some words to make clear that the string returned by ctime() and asctime() is null-terminated. math_error.7 Sam Varshavchik Reverse order of SYNOPSIS and NAME sections. mtk NOTES: Summarize the state of glibc support for exceptions and errno for error reporting. Changes to individual pages (math functions) -------------------------------------------- Almost all of the changes in this release relate to math man pages. Very many changes were made to the math pages, including: * Fixed feature test macros (FTMs). Often, the FTM requirements for the "float" and "long double" versions of a math function are different from the requirements for the "double" version. Each math page now shows the correct FTM requirements for all three versions of the function(s) it describes. This may have required either a change to the existing FTM text (if the requirements for the "double" function were already described), or the addition of an FTM description to a SYNOPSIS where one was not previously present (typically because the "double" version of the function does not require any FTMs to be defined). * CONFORMING TO: in many cases, POSIX.1-2001 was not mentioned. Where a function is specified in POSIX.1-2001, this is now noted. Also, statements about what other standards a function conforms to were generally clarified. (The wording about which functions conformed to C99 was previously often done as an add on sentence; now it is made part of the first sentence of the CONFORMING TO section, along with POSIX.1-2001.) * RETURN VALUE: in many cases, pages lacked descriptions of the return value when the function arguments are special values such as +0, -0, NaN (not-a-number), +infinity, -infinity, etc. This has been fixed. I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these functions match the RETURN VALUE descriptions (and the POSIX.1-2001 requirements). * ERRORS: many pages lacked a clear (or indeed any) description of how errno is set on error and what exception is raised for each error. This has been fixed. The ERRORS sections are now generally headed up as per the POSIX.1 way of doing things, describing Pole / Range / Domain errors, as applicable. I carried out tests on glibc 2.8 to ensure that all of these functions match the ERRORS descriptions. Deviations from POSIX.1-2001 requirements have been filed as glibc bug reports, and noted in the man pages. (The pages now describe the situation for ERRORS as at glibc 2.8; I may eventually try and extend the text with descriptions of changes in older versions of glibc.) NOTE: one point that has not been covered in any page is the circumstances that generate inexact (FE_INEXACT) exceptions. (The details for these exceptions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, and I haven't gone looking for the standards that describe the details.) acos.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. acosh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. asin.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. asinh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added (null) ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. atan.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added (null) ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. atan2.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added (null) ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. atanh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, when it should be ERANGE instead; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759. cbrt.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added (null) ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. ceil.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Enhanced. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. NOTES: Added some details. copysign.3 mtk Added RETURN VALUE section. Updated CONFORMING TO. cos.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780. Updated CONFORMING TO. cosh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. erf.3 mtk Removed the erfc() material (there is now a new erfc page). Reason: the functions are logically separate; also their return values differ, and it would have been confusing to document them on the same page. SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6785. Updated CONFORMING TO. exp.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6786. Updated CONFORMING TO. exp10.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for underflow; see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787. exp2.3 mtk Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. Updated CONFORMING TO. expm1.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set for overflow; see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788. Updated CONFORMING TO. Added BUGS section, describing bogus underflow exception for -large, see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778; and describing bogus invalid exception for certain +large, see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814. fabs.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Updated CONFORMING TO. fdim.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6796. Updated CONFORMING TO. fenv.3 mtk Make style of writing exception names consistent with other pages and POSIX.1-2001. Updated CONFORMING TO. finite.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. floor.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Enhanced. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. fma.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: Some rewording. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801. Updated CONFORMING TO. fmax.3 fmin.3 mtk NAME: Make description clearer SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. fmod.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. Updated CONFORMING TO. fpclassify.3 mtk Minor wording changes. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. SEE ALSO: Add signbit(3). frexp.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added details to RETURN VALUE section. Added (null) ERRORS section. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. gamma.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added (null) RETURN VALUE section referring to tgamma(3). Added (null) ERRORS section referring to tgamma(3). CONFORMING TO: Rewrote. hypot.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: note that calculation is done without causing undue overflow or underflow. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6795. Updated CONFORMING TO. ilogb.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set, and in some cases an exception is not raised; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6794. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. isgreater.3 mtk NAME: Make description clearer Improve the description of isunordered(). Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. Formatting fixes. A few wording improvements. j0.3 mtk Removed material for the y*() functions to a separate y0.3 page. Reason: the return values and errors/exceptions differ, and it would have been confusing to document them on the same page. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6805. ldexp.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. Updated CONFORMING TO. lgamma.3 mtk Note that these functions are deprecated. SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections referring to lgamma(3). Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, when it should be ERANGE instead; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777. log.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. log10.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. log1p.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6792. Updated CONFORMING TO. log2.3 mtk Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. logb.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: added a little detail; some rewordings. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6793. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. lrint.3 mtk DESCRIPTION: some rewording. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6798. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. lround.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6797. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. modf.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added (null) ERRORS section. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. nan.3 mtk Small wording changes. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. nextafter.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6799. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. pow.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. Added BUGS section noting that pole error sets errno to EDOM, when it should be ERANGE instead; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776. remainder.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: added some details. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. Updated CONFORMING TO. Added BUGS section noting that remainder(nan(""), 0) wrongly causes a domain error; see http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779 remquo.3 mtk Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6801. Updated CONFORMING TO. fmax.3 fmin.3 mtk NAME: Make description clearer SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. fmod.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not always set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783. Updated CONFORMING TO. fpclassify.3 CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. rint.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: added some details. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading). CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. NOTES: point out that lrint() may be preferred in some cases. round.3 mtk DESCRIPTION: added some details. RETURN VALUE: Added details for special argument cases. ERRORS: no errors can occur (previous text was misleading). CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. NOTES: point out that lround() may be preferred in some cases. scalb.3 mtk Removed the scalbn() and scalbln() material to a separate scalbln.3 page. Reason: scalb() is obsolete; also the exception/error conditions differ somewhat, so that it would have been confusing to document them on the same page. SYNOPSIS: Fixed feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION: some rewrites and added details. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6803 and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6804. CONFORMING TO: Rewrote. signbit.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "Compile with" piece. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added (null) ERRORS section. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. sin.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781. Updated CONFORMING TO. sincos.3 mtk DESCRIPTION: Added details for special argument cases. Added (null) RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section. sinh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. sqrt.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. tan.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added ERRORS section. Added ERRORS section; noted errno is not set: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782. Updated CONFORMING TO. tanh.3 mtk SYNOPSIS: Added feature test macro requirements. Added RETURN VALUE section. Added (null) ERRORS section. Updated CONFORMING TO. tgamma.3 mtk Added RETURN VALUE section. Rewrote ERRORS section; noted that errno is not set / incorrectly set in some cases; see also http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6809 and http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. Added NOTES section to hold text explaining origin of tgamma(). trunc.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: small rewording. CONFORMING TO: Added POSIX.1-2001. Added NOTES section explaining that result may be too large to store in an integer type. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.07 ==================== Released: 2008-08-12, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Portal Andries Brouwer Christoph Lameter Cliff Wickman Fabian Kreutz Filippo Santovito Gerrit Renker Heikki Orsila Khalil GHORBAL Lee Schermerhorn Maxin John Reuben Thomas Samuel Thibault Sam Varshavchik Soh Kam Yung Stephane Chazelas Pavel Heimlich Reuben Thomas Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- move_pages.2 Christoph Lameter, various edits and improvements by mtk Documentation of the move_pages() system call. This page was formerly part of the numactl package, but really belongs in man-pages (since it describes a kernel interface). clock_getcpuclockid.3 mtk New page documenting the clock_getcpuclockid() library function, available since glibc 2.2. udplite.7 Gerrit Renker Document the Linux implementation of the UDP-Lite protocol, new in Linux 2.6.20. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- proc.5 Christoph Lameter, minor edits and improvements by mtk Documentation of the /proc/PID/numa_maps file. This material was formerly the numa_maps.5 page in the numactl package, but really belongs in man-pages (since it describes a kernel interface). Global changes -------------- nanosleep.2 inet_ntop.3 inet_pton.3 scanf.3 initrd.4 mtk Fix mis-ordered (.SH) sections. connect.2 socket.2 rtnetlink.3 arp.7 ddp.7 ip.7 ipv6.7 netlink.7 packet.7 raw.7 rtnetlink.7 socket.7 tcp.7 udp.7 unix.7 x25.7 mtk s/PF_/AF_/ for socket family constants. Reasons: the AF_ and PF_ constants have always had the same values; there never has been a protocol family that had more than one address family, and POSIX.1-2001 only specifies the AF_* constants. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several other places. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 mtk The floating-point environment is reset to the default during an execve(). get_mempolicy.2 Lee Schermerhorn Misc cleanup of get_mempolicy(2): + mention that any mode flags will be saved with mode. I don't bother to document mode flags here because we already have a pointer to set_mempolicy(2) for more info on memory policy. mode flags are discussed there. + remove some old, obsolete [IMO] NOTES and 'roff comments. Lee Schermerhorn Update the get_mempolicy(2) man page to add in the description of the MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED flag, added in 2.6.23. mtk Document additional EINVAL error that occurs is MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED is specified with either MPOL_F_ADDR or MPOL_F_NODE. getitimer.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks getitimer() and setitimer() obsolete. mbind.2 Lee Schermerhorn Fix error conditions, now that the kernel silently ignores nodes outside the task's cpuset, as long as one valid node remains. Now that cpuset man page exists, we can refer to it. Remove stale comment regarding lack thereof. Lee Schermerhorn Add brief discussion of mode flags. Lee Schermerhorn Attempt to clarify discussion of MPOL_DEFAULT. mtk Fix URI reference for libnuma. mprotect.2 mtk / Maxin John Remove EFAULT from errors. Under ENOMEM error, note that EFAULT was the error produced in some cases for kernels before 2.4.19. msgctl.2 mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. set_mempolicy.2 Lee Schermerhorn Fix up the error return for nodemask containing nodes disallowed by the process' current cpuset. Disallowed nodes are now silently ignored, as long as the nodemask contains at least one node that is on-line, allowed by the process' cpuset and has memory. Now that we have a cpuset man page, we can refer to cpusets directly in the man page text. Lee Schermerhorn Another attempt to rationalize description of MPOL_DEFAULT. Since ~2.6.25, the system default memory policy is "local allocation". MPOL_DEFAULT itself is a request to remove any non-default policy and "fall back" to the surrounding context. Try to say that without delving into implementation details. Lee Schermerhorn Add discussion of mempolicy mode flags to set_mempolicy(2). This adds another reason for EINVAL. setpgid.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks setpgrp() obsolete. semctl.2 mtk, after a note from Filippo Santovito In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. shmctl.2 Filippo Santovito / mtk In the ipc_perm structure definition, some fields were incorrectly named: s/key/__key/ and s/seq/__seq/. utime.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks utime() obsolete. CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the POSIX.1-2001 LEGACY marking of utimes(), so mention of this point has been removed from the page. vfork.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of vfork(). atan2.3 Fabian Kreutz SEE ALSO Add carg(3). bcmp.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bcmp(). bsd_signal.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification ofcw bsd_signal(). bzero.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of bzero(). cexp2.3 mtk AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc as at version 2.8. clock_getres.3 mtk SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3). clog2.3 mtk AVAILABILITY: These functions are still not in glibc as at version 2.8. ctime.3 mtk POSIX.1-2008 marks asctime(), asctime_r(), ctime(), and ctime_r() as obsolete. dprintf.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: These functions are nowadays in POSIX.1-2008. ecvt.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of ecvt() and fcvt(). ftime.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ftime(). ftw.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() as obsolete. gcvt.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gcvt(). getcwd.3 Reuben Thomas / mtk Clarify description of getcwd() for buf==NULL case; CONFORMING TO: According to POSIX.1, the behavior of getcwd() is unspecified for the buf==NULL case. mtk Add an introductory paragraph giving an overview of what these functions do. Fix error in description of getwd(): it does not truncate the pathname; rather, it gives an error if the pathname exceeds PATH_MAX bytes. Rewrote RETURN VALUE section. Add EINVAL ENAMETOOLONG errors for getwd(). Various other clarifications and wording fixes. CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2001 does not define any errors for getwd(). CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getwd(). gethostbyname.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and h_errno. gets.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of gets(). iconv.3 iconv_close.3 iconv_open.3 mtk VERSIONS: These functions are available in glibc since version 2.1. index.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of index() and rindex(). isalpha.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks isalpha() as obsolete. makecontext.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specifications of makecontext() and swapcontext(). memchr.3 mtk VERSIONS: memrchr() since glibc 2.2; rawmemchr() since glibc 2.1. mempcpy.3 mtk VERSIONS: mempcpy() since glibc 2.1. mktemp.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of mktemp(). opendir.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies fdopendir(). rand.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks rand_r() as obsolete. siginterrupt.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks siginterrupt() as obsolete. sigset.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks sighold(), sigignore(), sigpause(), sigrelse(), and sigset() as obsolete. strchr.3 mtk VERSIONS: strchrnul() since glibc 2.1.1. tempnam.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tempnam() as obsolete. tmpnam.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks tmpnam() as obsolete. toascii.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks toascii() as obsolete. ualarm.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of ualarm(). ulimit.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks ulimit() as obsolete. usleep.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of usleep(). standards.7 mtk Updated details for POSIX.1-2008, and noted that if POSIX.1-2001 is listed in the CONFORMING TO section of a man page, then the reader can assume that the interface is also specified in POSIX.1-2008, unless otherwise noted. time.7 mtk SEE ALSO: Add clock_getcpuclockid(3). udp.7 mtk SEE ALSO: add udplite(7). Changes to individual pages (math functions) -------------------------------------------- Various changes here following on from the big update to the math pages in the previous release. Test results going back glibc 2.3.2 (so far) allowed updates to various pages to note changes in historical behavior for error reporting by math functions. Thanks to the following people for providing me with test results on various distributions and glibc versions: Alain Portal, Andries Brouwer, Fabian Kreutz, Heikki Orsila, Khalil GHORBAL, Pavel Heimlich, Reuben Thomas, Samuel Thibault, Soh Kam Yung, and Stephane Chazelas cabs.3 cacos.3 cacosh.3 carg.3 casin.3 casinh.3 catan.3 catanh.3 ccos.3 ccosh.3 cexp.3 cimag.3 clog.3 clog10.3 conj.3 cpow.3 cproj.3 creal.3 csin.3 csinh.3 csqrt.3 ctan.3 ctanh.3 exp10.3 exp2.3 fdim.3 fenv.3 fma.3 fmax.3 fmin.3 log2.3 lrint.3 lround.3 nan.3 pow10.3 remquo.3 round.3 scalbln.3 sincos.3 tgamma.3 trunc.3 mtk Added VERSIONS section noting that these functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1. cosh.3 mtk BUGS: In glibc 2.3.4 and earlier, an FE_OVERFLOW exception is not raised when an overflow occurs. fenv.3 mtk / Fabian Kreuz Provide more detail in the description of rounding modes. Add text describing FLT_ROUNDS (formerly in fma.3). Add BUGS section pointing out the FLT_ROUNDS does not reflect changes by fesetround(). fma.3 mtk Remove text about FLT_ROUNDS, replacing with a cross-reference to fenv(3). fpclassify.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: Note that the standards provide a weaker guarantee for the return value of isinf(). log.3 mtk BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier, log(nan("")) produces a bogus FE_INVALID exception. lround.3 mtk Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. nextafter.3 mtk BUGS: In glibc 2.5 and earlier these functions do not raise an FE_UNDERFLOW exception on underflow. pow.3 mtk BUGS: described buggy NaN return when x is negative and y is large. See also: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3866. BUGS: Note the bogus FE_INVALID exception that occurred in glibc 2.3.2 and earlier on overflow and underflow. remainder.3 mtk Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. round.3 mtk Add reference to fenv(3) for discussion of current rounding mode. scalb.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of scalb(). tgamma.3 mtk BUGS: In glibc 2.3.3, tgamma(+-0) produced a domain error instead of a pole error. y0.3 mtk In glibc 2.3.2 and earlier, these functions do not raise an FE_INVALID exception for a domain error. math_error.7 mtk Rewrite introductory paragraph. Point out that a NaN is commonly returned by functions that report a domain error. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.08 ==================== Released: 2008-08-27, Zurich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Gerrit Renker Li Zefan Mike Bianchi Sam Varshavchik Venkatesh Srinivas Vijay Kumar Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getnetent_r.3 mtk Documents getnetent_r(), getnetbyname_r(), and getnetbyaddr_r(), the reentrant equivalents of getnetent(), getnetbyname(), and getnetbyaddr(). getprotoent_r.3 mtk Documents getprotoent_r(), getprotobyname_r(), and getprotobynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of getprotoent(), getprotobyname(), and getprotobynumber(). getrpcent_r.3 mtk Documents getrpcent_r(), getrpcbyname_r(), and getrpcbynumber_r(), the reentrant equivalents of getrpcent(), getrpcbyname(), and getrpcbynumber(). getservent_r.3 mtk Documents getservent_r(), getservbyname_r(), and getservbyport_r(), the reentrant equivalents of getservent(), getservbyname(), and getservbyport(). numa.7 mtk A new page giving overview details for the Linux NUMA interfaces. Incorporates some material from mbind.2, and the description of /proc/PID/numa_maps from proc.5. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- crypt.3 mtk Add description of crypt_r(). New and changed links --------------------- crypt.3 mtk New link to crypt.3. getnetbyname_r.3 getnetbyaddr_r.3 mtk New links to new getnetent_r.3. getprotobyname_r.3 getprotobynumber_r.3 mtk New links to new getprotoent_r.3. getrpcbyname_r.3 getrpcbynumber_r.3 mtk New links to new getrpcent_r.3. getservbyname_r.3 getservbyport_r.3 mtk New links to new getservent_r.3. numa_maps.5 mtk Link to new numa(7) page, which incorporates the /proc/PID/numa_maps description. As part of the numactl() package, the /proc/PID/numa_maps documentation was in a numa_maps.5 page; this link ensures that "man 5 numa_maps" still works. (Eventually, we may want to remove this link.) Global changes -------------- get_mempolicy.2 mbind.2 move_pages.2 set_mempolicy.2 mtk Add reference to numa(7) for information on library support. Added a VERSIONS section. SEE ALSO: Add numa(7). faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 linkat.2 openat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 symlinkat.2 unlinkat.2 mkfifoat.3 psignal.3 strsignal.3 mtk These interfaces are specified in POSIX.1-2008. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- eventfd.2 Vijay Kumar When an eventfd overflows, select() indicates the file as both readable and writable (not as having an exceptional condition). fcntl.2 mtk F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008. getrlimit.2 mtk NOTES: Add text mentioning the shell 'ulimit' (or 'limit') built-in command for setting resource limits. gettimeofday.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 marks gettimeofday() as obsolete. link.2 mtk Note kernel version where Linux stopped following symbolic links in 'oldpath'; see also http://lwn.net/Articles/294667. POSIX.1-2008 makes it implementation-dependent whether or not 'oldpath' is dereferenced if it is a symbolic link. Add a reference to linkat(2) for an interface that allows precise control of the treatment of symbolic links. mbind.2 mtk Remove material on library support and numactl; that material is now in numactl.7. mmap.2 mtk Add kernel version numbers for MAP_32BIT. Add some details on MAP_32BIT (see http://lwn.net/Articles/294642). move_pages.2 mtk Added VERSIONS (from kernel 2.6.18) and CONFORMING TO sections. open.2 mtk O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008. socket.2 mtk s/d/domain/ for name of argument. Add reference to socket(2) for further information on domain, type, and protocol arguments. utimensat.2 mtk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 specifies utimensat() and futimens(). dirfd.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; other minor changes. exec.3 mtk Small rewording: "s/returned/failed with/ [an error]". fmemopen.3 mtk Since glibc 2.7, it is possible to seek past the end of a stream created by open_memstream(). Add a BUGS section describing the bug in earlier glibc versions. gethostbyname.3 mtk Clarify exactly which functions are obsoleted by getnameinfo() and getaddrinfo(). getnetent.3 mtk Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to the database if necessary. The database connection is held open between get*() calls if 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ mtk In glibc 2.2, the type of the 'net' argument for getnetbyaddr() changed from 'long' to 'uint32_t'. mtk Note that the gethostbyaddr() 'net' argument is in host byte order. mtk RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a statically allocated structure. SEE ALSO: add getnetent_r.3. getprotoent.3 mtk Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to the database if necessary. The database connection is held open between get*() calls if 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ mtk RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a statically allocated structure. SEE ALSO: add getprotoent_r.3. getrpcent.3 mtk s/rpc/RPC/. Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to the database if necessary. s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ mtk RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a statically allocated structure. SEE ALSO: add getrpcent_r.3. getservent.3 mtk Rephrase description in terms of a database, rather than a file. Note that each of the get*() functions opens a connection to the database if necessary. The database connection is held open between get*() calls if 'stayopen' is non-zero (not necessarily 1). s/zero terminated list/NULL-terminated list/ mtk RETURN VALUE: emphasize that returned pointer points to a statically allocated structure. SEE ALSO: add getservent_r.3. mkdtemp.3 mtk CONFORMING TO: this function is specified in POSIX.1-2008. mq_notify.3 Venkatesh Srinivas s/sigev_notify_function/sigev_thread_function/ as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=494956. realpath.3 mtk Relocate text for resolved_path==NULL case to DESCRIPTION. POSIX.1-2001 leaves the resolved_path==NULL case as implementation-defined; POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior described in this man page. sem_init.3 mtk POSIX.1-2008 rectifies the POSIX.1-2001 omission, specifying that zero is returned by a successful sem_init() call. core.5 Mike Bianchi / mtk Make the page more helpful to non-programmers by referencing the documentation of the shell's 'ulimit' command in the discussion of RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE. SEE ALSO: Add bash(1). mtk Note that a core dump file can be used in a debugger. proc.5 mtk Remove /proc/PID/numa_maps material (it is now in numa(7)). cpuset.7 mtk SEE ALSO: Add numa(7). inotify.7 mtk / Li Zefan Explain bug that occurred in coalescing identical events in kernels before 2.6.25. (See commit 1c17d18e3775485bf1e0ce79575eb637a94494a2 "A potential bug in inotify_user.c" in the 2.6.25 Changelog.) pthreads.7 mtk Update thread-safe functions list with changes in POSIX.1-2008. SEE ALSO: add proc(5). signal.7 mtk Update list of async-signal-safe functions for POSIX.1-2008. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.09 ==================== Released: 2008-09-10, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Bernd Eckenfels Bruno Haible Carsten Emde Christopher Head H. Peter Anvin Jan Engelhardt Joe Korty Marko Kreen Martin (Joey) Schulze Mats Wichmann Michael Schurter Mike Bianchi Mike Frysinger Sam Varshavchik Suka Timothy S. Nelson Tolga Dalman Török Edwin Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- fopencookie.3 mtk Document fopencookie(3), a library function that allows custom implementation of a stdio stream. networks.5 Martin (Joey) Schulze, with a few light edits by mtk Documents the /etc/networks file. Global changes -------------- Various pages mtk s/time zone/timezone/ for consistency across pages and with POSIX.1. kill.2 sigaction.2 sigpending.2 sigprocmask.2 sigsuspend.2 confstr.3 ctermid.3 ctime.3 ferror.3 flockfile.3 fopen.3 getaddrinfo.3 getgrnam.3 getnameinfo.3 getopt.3 getpwnam.3 longjmp.3 popen.3 rand.3 readdir.3 setjmp.3 sigsetops.3 sigwait.3 strtok.3 tzset.3 unlocked_stdio.3 mtk Add/fix feature test macro requirements. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fcntl.2 mtk, after a note by Mike Bianchi More clearly and consistently describe whether or not the third argument to fcntl() is required, and what its type should be. mtk Move description of negative l_len from NOTES, integrating it into the discussion of file locking. Minor rewrites of the text on file locking. getrusage.2 Bernd Eckenfels SEE ALSO: Add clock(3), clock_gettime(3). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475 ioctl_list.2 mtk Remove old sentence about where to send updates for this page. Add more detail on mount options that prevent updates to atime. sched_setscheduler.2 Carsten Emde Update kernel version numbers relating to real-time support. stat.2 H. Peter Anvin Note that lstat() will generally not trigger automounter action, whereas stat() will. clock.3 Bernd Eckenfels SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(3). See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=353475 clock_getres.3 Tolga Dalman / mtk Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS; remove now redundant sentence mentioning librt from NOTES. getdate.3 mtk Rewrite description of getdate_r() and integrate into main text (rather than describing in NOTES). Other parts rewritten for greater clarity. Make it clearer in the main text that glibc does not implement %Z; remove discussion of that point from NOTES. Added an example program. hsearch.3 mtk Noted that table size as specified by 'nel' is immutable. Described differences between hsearch() and hsearch_r(). Added missing pieces to RETURN VALUE. Added a number of new entries under ERRORS. NOTES: added some basic advice on sizing the hash table; noted that when a table is destroyed, the caller is responsible for freeing the buffers pointed to by 'key' and 'data' fields. One of the BUGS was fixed in glibc 2.3. Rewrote and clarified various other pieces. Rename arguments for reentrant functions, using same name as glibc headers: s/ret/retval/; s/tab/htab/. mtk, after a suggestion by Timothy S. Nelson Integrate discussion of reentrant functions into main discussion (rather than as a short paragraph at the end). iconv.3 Bruno Haible Describe "shift sequence" input. ptsname.3 sukadev Fix return type of ptsname_r() in SYNOPSIS. readdir.3 H. Peter Anvin s/stat(2)/lstat(2)/ when discussing d_type (since we are talking about a case where we might be interested to whether the file itself is a symbolic link). sigsetops.3 Chris Head, signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger Fix typo: s/sigdelset/sigorset/ proc.5 Mats Wichmann / mtk s/\[number]/[pid]/ in file names for /proc/PID files. And similar changes for task/[tid] sub-directories. mtk / Mats Wichmann In the description if /proc/[pid]/environ, remove reference to lilo(8)/grub(8) since there seems to be nothing in those pages that related to this /proc file. Michael Schurter / mtk Remove sentence wrongly saying that /proc/meminfo reports info in bytes; see http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=462969 mtk Note that /proc/meminfo reports system-wide memory usage statistics. Joe Korty Document new fields in /proc/interrupts that were added in Linux 2.6.24. unix.7 Marko Kreen Since glibc 2.8, _GNU_SOURCE must be defined in order to get the definition of the ucred structure from . ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.10 ==================== Released: 2008-09-23, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: André Goddard Rosa George Spelvin Pavel Heimlich Sam Varshavchik John Reiser Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- closedir.3 dirfd.3 readdir.3 rewinddir.3 scandir.3 seekdir.3 telldir.3 mtk Fix 'dir' argument name: should be 'dirp'. POSIX.1-2008 and glibc call this argument 'dirp' (consistent with the fact that it is a *pointer* to a DIR structure). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk, after a comment by John Reiser Clarify text describing getpid() caching bug for clone() wrapper. See also: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6910 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=417521 getpid.2 mtk, after a comment by John Reiser Describe getpid()'s PID caching and its consequences. timerfd_create.2 Sam Varshavchik s/it_interval/it_value/ when talking about TIMERFD_ABSTIME. closedir.3 George Spelvin Clarify closedir()'s treatment of underlying file descriptor. tsearch.3 André Goddard Rosa Fix memory leak in example program. Add use of tdestroy to example program. mtk Add "#define _GNU_SOURCE" to example program. protocols.5 mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages services.5 mtk Remove some out-of-date bugs. mtk, after a note from Pavel Heimlich Remove SEE ALSO references to nonexistent Guides to Yellow Pages and Bind/Hesiod docs. mtk Remove crufty text about use of comma instead of slash to separate port and protocol. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.11 ==================== Released: 2008-10-07, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: André Goddard Rosa Eugene V. Lyubimkin Gergely Soos Kirill A. Shutemov Marko Kreen Maxin B. John Maxin John Michael Kerrisk Nicolas François Pavel Heimlich Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- umount.2 Michael Kerrisk Create a new page for umount() and umount2() by extracting existing material from mount.2 page. New and changed links --------------------- umount2.2 Michael Kerrisk Change link to point to new umount.2 The umount2() material migrated from mount.2 to umount.2 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 Michael Kerrisk _SC_ARG_MAX is no longer necessarily constant POSIX.1-2001 says that the values returned by sysconf() are constant for the life of the process. But the fact that, since Linux 2.6.23, ARG_MAX is settable via RLIMIT_STACK means _SC_ARG_MAX is no longer constant, since it can change at each execve(). Michael Kerrisk Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25 Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit of 32 pages is guaranteed. For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101, checked into 2.6.25 as commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2. Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX. fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2) Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if syscall() is used. Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API. getdents.2 readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk d_type is currently only supported on ext[234] As at kernel 2.6.27, only ext[234] support d_type. On other file systems, d_type is always set to DT_UNKNOWN (0). getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk comment out linux_dirent fields with varying location The location of the fields after d_name varies according to the size of d_name. We can't properly declare them in C; therefore, put those fields inside a comment. Michael Kerrisk The DT_* constants are defined in Michael Kerrisk Remove header files from SYNOPSIS None of the header files provides what is needed. Calls are made via syscall(2). Michael Kerrisk The programmer must define the linux_dirent structure Point out that this structure is not defined in glibc headers. Michael Kerrisk s/dirent/linux_dirent/ The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers, and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as was already used in some, but not all, places in this page). getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Reword/relocate discussion of BSD's historical RLIMIT_OFILE The old sentence sat on its own in an odd place, and anyway the modern BSDs use the name RLIMIT_NOFILE. Michael Kerrisk Refer to execve(2) for RLIMIT_STACK's effect on ARG_MAX Refer the reader to new text in execve(2) that describes how (since Linux 2.6.23) RLIMIT_STACK determines the value of ARG_MAX. getrusage.2 Michael Kerrisk Rusage measures are preserved across execve(2) mlock.2 Maxin John Add EAGAIN error. move_pages.2 Nicolas François Make a detail of EPERM error more precise mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Add description of per-process namespaces Describe per-process namespaces, including discussion of clone() and unshare CLONE_NEWNS, and /proc/PID/mounts. Michael Kerrisk List a few other file systems that we may see in /proc/filesystems Add some modern file systems to that list (xfs, jfs, ext3, reiserfs). Michael Kerrisk Document MS_SILENT (and MS_VERBOSE) mount.2 umount.2 Michael Kerrisk Split umount*() out into a separate page The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult to parse which info is specific to mount() versus umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into its own page. pause.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of words "library function" This really is a system call. readdir.2 Michael Kerrisk The programmer must declare the old_linux_dirent structure Glibc does not provide a definition of this structure. Michael Kerrisk s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/ Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the kernel sources. Michael Kerrisk Remove words "which may change" These words are slightly bogus: although the interface is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk should never be changing this interface. Michael Kerrisk Remove header files from SYNOPSIS glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2), so remove these header files (which otherwise suggest that glibc does provide the required pieces). recv.2 Nicolas François Move kernel version number to first mention to MSG_ERRQUEUE. semop.2 Kirill A. Shutemov Fix typo in example (The '&' before sop in the semop() call is unneeded.) send.2 Michael Kerrisk Make kernel version for MSG_CONFIRM more precise s/2.3+ only/Since Linux 2.3.15/ sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to signal(7) for an overview of signals Explain semantics of signal disposition during fork() and execve() Refer to signal(7) for more details on signal mask. sigaltstack.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain inheritance of alternate signal stack across fork(2) sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Distinguish per-thread and process-wide signals A sentence clarifying that pending signal set is union of per-thread and process-wide pending signal sets. Michael Kerrisk These interfaces have per-thread semantics The page was previously fuzzy about whether these interfaces have process-wide or per-thread semantics. (E.g., now the page states that the calling *thread* (not process) is suspended until the signal is delivered.) sigpending.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain effect of fork() and execve() for pending signal set Michael Kerrisk Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals and process-wide pending signals. sigprocmask.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain effects of fork() and execve() for signal mask splice.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that SPLICE_F_MOVE is a no-op since kernel 2.6.21 syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk Add more detail about wrapper functions Add a few more details about work generally done by wrapper functions. Note that syscall(2) performs the same steps. tkill.2 Michael Kerrisk EINVAL error can also occur for invalid TGID The EINVAL error on an invalid TGID for tgkill() was not documented; this change documents it. utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1-2008 revision will likely affect FTMs for futimens() Make it clear that the POSIX.1 revision that is likely to affect the feature test macro requirements for futimens() is POSIX.1-2008. Nicolas François Make various wordings a little more precise. The times argument point to *an array of* structures, and the man-page should say that consistently. wait4.2 Michael Kerrisk wait3() is a library function layered on wait4(). On Linux wait3() is a library function implemented on top of wait4(). (Knowing this is useful when using strace(2), for example.) atan2.3 Nicolas François Fix error in description of range or return value In recent changes to the man page, mtk accidentally changed the description of the return value range to -pi/2..pi/2; the correct range is -pi..pi. cmsg.3 Nicolas François Add parentheses after macro names. ctime.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify mktime()'s use of tm_isdst Describe use of tm_isdst for input to mktime(); explain how mktime() modifies this field. (This field is left unchanged in case of error.) http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=500178 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording for ctime_r() and asctime_r() to indicate that the buffer must be at least 26 *bytes*. Michael Kerrisk Minor rewording of mktime() description. floor.3 Nicolas François floor.3: Fix error in description: s/smallest/largest/ hsearch.3 André Goddard Rosa Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(), for the sake of completeness mq_getattr.3 Michael Kerrisk mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are layered on mq_getsetattr(2) mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are library functions layered on top of the mq_getsetattr(2) system call. (This is useful info for users of strace(1).) mq_receive.3 Michael Kerrisk mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedreceive() syscall This info is useful for users of strace(1). mq_send.3 Michael Kerrisk mq_send() is a library function layered on mq_timedsend() syscall This info is useful for users of strace(1). nextafter.3 Nicolas François Make description more precise: s/next/largest/ readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getdents(2) Because readdir() is implemented on top of getdents(2). realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that returned pathname is NULL terminated Also clarify that null-byte is included in PATH_MAX limit. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite and simplify description of /proc/mounts Most of the relevant discussion is now under /proc/PID/mounts; all that needs to be here is a mention of the pre-2.4.19 system-wide namespace situation, and a reference to the discussion under /proc/PID/mounts. Michael Kerrisk Add description of /proc/PID/mounts Largely cribbed from existing /proc/mounts discussion, which is about to be rewritten. mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Add mq_notify() to list of lib. functions and syscalls in MQ API signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Improve description in NAME section Add mention of sigaltstack(2). Describe syscalls that synchronously wait for a signal, Give overview of syscalls that block until a signal is caught Add overview of interfaces for sending signals. Michael Kerrisk Describe semantics w.r.t. fork() and execve() Include text describing semantics of fork() and execve() for signal dispositions, signal mask, and pending signal set. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.12 ==================== Released: 2008-10-29, Bucaramanga Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Bert Wesarg Christian Grigis Christoph Hellwig Didier Halesh S J.H.M. Dassen (Ray) Jason Spiro Lefteris Dimitroulakis Michael B. Trausch Pierre Cazenave Stefan Puiu Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_attr_init.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_init(3) and pthread_attr_destroy(3) pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setdetachstate(3) and pthread_attr_getdetachstate(3) pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setguardsize(3) and pthread_attr_getguardsize(3) pthread_attr_setscope.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setscope(3) and pthread_attr_getscope(3) pthread_attr_setstack.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setstack(3) and pthread_attr_getstack(3) pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setstackaddr(3) and pthread_attr_getstackaddr(3) pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) and pthread_attr_getstacksize(3) pthread_create.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing pthread_create(3) pthread_detach.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_detach(3) pthread_equal.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_equal(3) pthread_exit.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing pthread_exit(3) pthread_getattr_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_getattr_np(3) pthread_join.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_join(3) pthread_self.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_self(3) pthread_tryjoin_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_tryjoin_np(3) and pthread_timedjoin_np(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- dup.2 Michael Kerrisk Add description of dup3() dup3() was added in kernel 2.6.27. epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Add description of new epoll_create1() The new epoll_create1() system call appeared in Linux 2.6.27. eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe eventfd2() and EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC Linux 2.6.27 added eventfd(), which supports a flags argument that eventfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented are EFD_NONBLOCK and EFD_CLOEXEC, inotify_init.2 Michael Kerrisk Add description of inotify_init1() The inotify_init1() system call was added in Linux 2.6.27. pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk Add description of new pipe2() syscall pipe2() was added in 2.6.27. Describe the O_NONBLOCK and O_CLOEXEC flags. signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe signalfd4() and SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC Linux 2.6.27 added signalfd4(), which supports a flags argument that signalfd() did not provide. The flags so far implemented are SFD_NONBLOCK and SFD_CLOEXEC. New and changed links --------------------- dup3.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to dup.2 dup.2 now contains the description of the new dup3() syscall. epoll_create1.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to epoll_create.2 epoll_create.2 now includes a description of the new epoll_create1() system call. eventfd2.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to eventfd.2 The eventfd.2 page has some details on the eventfd2() system call, which was new in Linux 2.6.27. inotify_init1.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to inotify_init.2 inotify_init.2 now includes a description of the new inotify_init1() system call. pipe2.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to pipe.2 pipe(2) now contains a description of the new pipe2() syscall. pthread_attr_destroy.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_init.3 pthread_attr_getdetachstate.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 pthread_attr_getguardsize.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 pthread_attr_getscope.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setscope.3 pthread_attr_getstack.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setstack.3 pthread_attr_getstackaddr.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 pthread_attr_getstacksize.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 pthread_timedjoin_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_tryjoin_np.3 signalfd4.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to signalfd.2 signalfd.2 now includes text describing signalfd4() system call, new in Linux 2.6.27. Global changes -------------- eventfd.2, getdents.2, mprotect.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, backtrace.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3, getservent_r.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3, makecontext.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strtol.3, core.5 Michael Kerrisk Add ".SS Program source" to EXAMPLE Add ".SS Program source" to clearly distinguish shell session and descriptive text from actual program code. eventfd.2, execve.2, getdents.2, ioprio_set.2, mprotect.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, backtrace.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, end.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, frexp.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getprotoent_r.3, getservent_r.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, inet.3, inet_pton.3, makecontext.3, malloc.3, matherr.3, offsetof.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, sem_wait.3, strftime.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, core.5, proc.5, cpuset.7, mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Format user input in shell sessions in boldface frexp.3, strftime.3, strtok.3 Michael Kerrisk Relocate shell session above example program Move the shell session text that demonstrates the use of the example program so that it precedes the actual example program. This makes the page consistent with the majority of other pages. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Say more about unused epoll_create() 'size' arg Supply a little more explanation about why the 'size' argument of epoll_create() is nowadays ignored. eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty text relating to flags argument Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older eventfd() system call. getdents.2 Christoph Hellwig Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type', returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support. Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to support this. getpeername.2, getsockname.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and unix(7) getsockopt.2 Michael Kerrisk EINVAL can also occur if 'optval' is invalid In some cases, EINVAL can occur if 'optval' is invalid. Note this, and point reader to an example in ip(7). In response to: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092 inotify_init.2 pipe.2 timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify *_NONBLOCK description Make it clear that the NONBLOCK flag sets an attribute in the new open file description. sched_yield.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite description in terms of threads The text formerly described the operation of sched_yield() in terms of processes. It should be in terms of threads. Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES text on appropriate use of sched_yield() Strategic calls to sched_yield() can be used to improve performance, but unnecessary use should be avoided. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that sa_mask affects the *per-thread* signal mask The page didn't previously clearly explain the scope of the signal mask that is affected by sa_mask. signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty text relating to flags argument Remove sentence saying that glibc adds a flags argument to the syscall; that was only relevant for the older signalfd() system call. sigprocmask.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that sigprocmask() operates on a per-thread mask The first sentence of the page was vague on the scope of the attribute changed by sigprocmask(). Reword to make this clearer and add a sentence in NOTES to explicitly state that the signal mask is a per-thread attribute. socket.2 Michael Kerrisk Document SOCK_NONBLOCK and SOCK_CLOEXEC flags These flags, specified in the 'type' argument, are supported since Linux 2.6.27. socketpair.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to socket(2) for SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK Refer the reader to socket(2) for a description of the SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags, which are supported by socketpair() since Linux 2.6.27. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add new 2.6.27 system calls Add pipe2(), dup3(), epoll_create1(), inotify_init1(), eventfd2(), signalfd4(). timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Document timerfd_create() TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK TFD_CLOEXEC and TFD_NONBLOCK are supported since LInux 2.6.27. vfork.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify meaning of "child releases the parent's memory" The man page was not explicit about how the memory used by the child is released back to the parent. ctime.3 Michael Kerrisk ctime_r() and localtime_r() need not set 'timezone' and 'daylight' The man page already noted that these functions need not set 'tzname', but things could be clearer: it tzset() is not called, then the other two variables also are not set. Also, clarify that ctime() does set 'timezone' and 'daylight'. dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected once, at program start-up Make it clear that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is inspected *once*, at program start-up. (Verified from source and by experiment.) fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Document binary mode (mode 'b') Glibc 2.9 adds support to fmemopen() for binary mode opens. Binary mode is specified by inclusion of the letter 'b' in the 'mode' argument. getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify error descriptions with some examples Clarify the description of some errors by giving examples that produce the errors. (Text added for EAI_SERVICE and EAI_SOCKTYPE.) Also, add an error case for EAI_BADFLAGS. gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk Rationalize text on POSIX.1-2001 obsolete interfaces POSIX.1 marks gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), and 'h_errno' as obsolete. The man page explained this, but with some duplication. Remove the duplication, and otherwise tidy up discussion of this point. popen.3 Michael Kerrisk Change one-line description in NAME s%process I/O%pipe stream to or from a process% Michael Kerrisk Document 'e' (close-on-exec) flag glibc 2.9 implements the 'e' flag in 'type', which sets the close-on-exec flag on the underlying file descriptor. raise.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_kill(3) readdir.3 Christoph Hellwig Fix text relating to DT_UNKNOWN and 'd_type' support (This mirrors the previous change to getdents.2) Some file systems provide partial support for 'dt_type', returning DT_UNKNOWN for cases they don't support. Update the discussion of 'd_type' and DT_UNKNOWN to support this. strcpy.3 Jason Spiro Strengthen warning about checking against buffer overruns http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=413940 tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS Explain capability requirements for TIOCCONS, and describe changes in 2.6.10 relating to capabilities. Michael Kerrisk Explain capability requirements for various ioctls For TIOCSLCKTRMIOS, TIOCSCTTY, TIOCEXCL, explain the exact capability that is required (the text formerly just said "root" in each case). proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max Defines the system-wide limit on the number of threads (tasks). utmp.5 Pierre Cazenave It is just "other" who should not have write perms on utmp The page was vague before, saying that utmp should not be writable by any user. This isn't true: it can be, and typically is, writable by user and group. epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention epoll_create1() as part of epoll API epoll_create1() was added in Linux 2.6.27, and extends the functionality of epoll_create(). inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention inotify_init1() in overview of API Discuss the new inotify_init1() system call in the overview of the inotify API. ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Detail EINVAL error for IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP socket option In response to: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=216092 iso_8859-7.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis Add Drachma, Euro, and Greek Ypogegrammeni Also, amend description of characters 0241 and 0242. man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Example shell sessions should have user input boldfaced pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe return value from pthreads functions Describe the usual success (0) and failure (non-zero) returns, and note that POSIX.1-2001 specifies that pthreads functions can never fail with the error EINTR. signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Timeouts make socket interfaces non-restartable If setsockopt() is used to set a timeout on a socket(), then the various socket interfaces are not automatically restarted, even if SA_RESTART is specified when establishing the signal handler. Analogous behavior occurs for the "stop signals" case. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add unix(7) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Document LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS Drawing heavily on Jakub Jelinek's description in http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2003-11/msg00127.html (Subject: [PATCH] Support LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS) --inhibit-rpath is ignored for setuid/setgid ld.so The --inhibit-rpath option is ignored if ld.so is setuid/setgid (not if the executable is setuid/setgid). Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_ORIGIN_PATH Michael Kerrisk Fix description of LD_PROFILE and LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT Clarify that LD_PROFILE is pathname or a soname, and identify name of profiling output file. Fix description of LD_PROFILE_OUTPUT, which wasn't even close to the truth. (But why did it remain unfixed for so many years?) Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK Michael Kerrisk Since version 2.3.5, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_SHOW_AUXV Michael Kerrisk Reorder lists of LD_* environment variables alphabetically Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.3.4, setuid/setgid programs ignore LD_DEBUG ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.13 ==================== Released: 2008-11-07, Bucaramanga Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Bert Wesarg Karsten Weiss Lefteris Dimitroulakis Olaf van der Spek Sam Varshavchik Török Edwin Ulrich Mueller Valdis Kletnieks Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3) and pthread_attr_getaffinity_np(3) pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setschedparam(3) and pthread_attr_getschedparam(3) pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(3) and pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(3) pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_setaffinity_np(3) and pthread_getaffinity_np(3) pthread_setschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_setschedparam(3) and pthread_getschedparam(3) pthread_setschedprio.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_setschedprio(3) New and changed links --------------------- pthread_attr_getaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_attr_getschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_attr_getschedpolicy.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 pthread_getaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_getschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_setschedparam.3 Global changes -------------- pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_getattr_np.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_tryjoin_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Explain _np suffix Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np" suffix is because these functions are non-portable. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched_getcpu(3) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add pthread_setaffinity_np(3) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify EINVAL error for cpusetsize < kernel mask size For sched_setaffinity(), the EINVAL error that occurs if 'cpusetsize' is smaller than the kernel CPU set size only occurs with kernels before 2.6.9. vfork.2 Michael Kerrisk Child holds parent's memory until execve() or *termination* The page was phrased in a few places to describe the child as holding the parent's memory until the child does an execve(2) or an _exit(2). The latter case should really be the more general process termination (i.e., either _exit(2) or abnormal termination). clock_getres.3 Michael Kerrisk CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but currently they are not. pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 Michael Kerrisk, after a report by Karsten Weiss EINVAL occurs on some systems if stacksize != page-size On MacOS X at least, pthread_attr_setstacksize(3) can fail with EINVAL if 'stacksize' is not a multiple of the system page size. Best to mention this so as to aid people writing portable programs. pthread_create.3 Karsten Weiss Fix bug in EXAMPLE program The calloc() line should read like this instead: tinfo = calloc(num_threads, sizeof(struct thread_info)); pthread_exit.3 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: thread group with a dead leader and stop signals Document the bug that can occur when a stop signal is sent to a thread group whose leader has terminated. http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/611611 http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=122525468300823&w=2 resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix prototype of dn_expand() The 4th argument is "char *", not "unsigned char *". http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708 epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix error handling after accept() in example code Simply continuing after an error is in most cases wrong, and can lead to infinite loops (e.g., for EMFILE). So handle an error by terminating. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202 epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Add error handling for epoll_wait() call in example code epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Improve example code Fill in some gaps in example code (variable declarations, adding listening socket to epoll set). Give variables more meaningful names. Other minor changes. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504202 iso_8859-7.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis Add characters for Drachma and Greek Ypogegrammeni Lines for these two characters were added in the previous patch, but the actual characters were not included in the 4th column of the table. This fixes that. pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a section describing thread IDs In particular, note that in each pthreads function that takes a thread ID argument, that ID by definition refers to a thread in the same process as the caller. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.14 ==================== Released: 2008-11-25, Bucaramanga Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andreas Henriksson Bert Wesarg Cedric Le Goater Chris Heath Eric Biederman Eugen Dedu Ivana Varekova Jen Axboe Jens Axboe Loïc Domaigne Masanari Iida Paul Evans Pavel Emelyanov Pierre-Paul Paquin Serge E. Hallyn Stefano Teso Stew Benedict Vegard Nossum Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- CPU_SET.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting CPU_* macros This page contains material moved out of sched_setscheduler(2). It overwrites a previously existing link file with the same name. Michael Kerrisk Add description of macros for dynamically allocated CPU sets Add descriptions of CPU_ALLOC(), CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(), CPU_FREE(), CPU_SET_S(), CPU_CLR_S(), CPU_ISSET_S(), CPU_ZERO_S(), CPU_COUNT_S(), CPU_AND_S(), CPU_OR_S(), CPU_XOR_S(), and CPU_EQUAL_S(). Michael Kerrisk Add documentation of CPU_COUNT() Michael Kerrisk Add description of CPU_AND(), CPU_OR, CPU_XOR(), and CPU_EQUAL() Plus a few other small clean-ups of the text Michael Kerrisk Various improvements in DESCRIPTION After review comments by Bert Wesarg: * Explain that cpu_set_t is a bitset, but should be considered opaque. * A CPU set can be duplicated with memset(). * Size of a CPU set is rounded up to size of long. * CPU_SETSIZE is in bits, but the setsize argument is in bytes. Michael Kerrisk Document CPU_ALLOC()/CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() bug These macros return twice what they should because of thinko in glibc 2.8 and earlier. The bug is fixed for glibc 2.9. http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Discuss use of types in "prototypes" for these macros The SYNOPSIS shows types for arguments and return values, but these are really just suggestions: since the interfaces are macros, the compiler won't catch all violations of the "type rules". Warn the reader of this. pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3) and pthread_attr_getinheritsched(3) pthread_cancel.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_cancel(3) pthread_cleanup_push.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_cleanup_push(3) and pthread_cleanup_pop(3) pthread_setcancelstate.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_setcancelstate(3) and pthread_setcanceltype(3) pthread_testcancel.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_testcancel(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Jens Axboe Document CLONE_IO (new in Linux 2.6.25) Some text also by mtk. Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWNET Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWUTS (new in Linux 2.6.19) Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWIPC flag (new in Linux 2.6.19) Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWPID flag (new in Linux 2.6.24) mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Document MAP_STACK flag (new in Linux 2.6.27) arp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file retrans_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12) Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file base_reachable_time_ms (new in Linux 2.6.12) icmp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses (new in Linux 2.2) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document icmp_ratelimit and icmp_ratemask (new in Linux 2.4.10) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts (new in Linux 2.6.12) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_slow_start_after_idle (new in Linux 2.6.18) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_base_mss (new in Linux 2.6.17) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_frto_response (new in Linux 2.6.22) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_moderate_rcvbuf (new in Linux 2.4.17/2.6.7) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.13) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_no_metrics_save (new in Linux 2.6.6) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_mtu_probing (new in Linux 2.6.17) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_dma_copybreak (new in Linux 2.6.24) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_tso_win_divisor (new in Linux 2.6.9) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_allowed_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_workaround_signed_windows (new in Linux 2.6.26) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_available_congestion_control (new in Linux 2.4.20) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt Michael Kerrisk Document /proc file tcp_abc (new in Linux 2.6.15) Text taken from Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt udp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc files udp_mem, udp_rmem_min, and udp_wmem_min All of these are new in Linux 2.6.25 New and changed links --------------------- CPU_ALLOC.3 CPU_ALLOC_SIZE.3 CPU_AND.3 CPU_AND_S.3 CPU_CLR_S.3 CPU_COUNT.3 CPU_COUNT_S.3 CPU_EQUAL.3 CPU_EQUAL_S.3 CPU_FREE.3 CPU_ISSET_S.3 CPU_OR.3 CPU_OR_S.3 CPU_SET_S.3 CPU_XOR.3 CPU_XOR_S.3 CPU_ZERO_S.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new CPU_SET.3 CPU_CLR.3 CPU_ISSET.3 CPU_ZERO.3 Michael Kerrisk Update links to point to CPU_SET.3 The documentation of the CPU_* macros migrated to a new location: CPU_SET.3. pthread_attr_getinheritsched.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 pthread_cleanup_pop.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_cleanup_push.3 pthread_setcanceltype.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_setcancelstate.3 Global changes -------------- clone.2 mount.2 unshare.2 proc.5 path_resolution.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/namespace/mount-point namespace/, as appropriate In recent times, a number of other namespace flags have been added to clone(2). As such, it is no longer clear to use the generic term "namespace" to refer to the particular namespace controlled by CLONE_NEWNS; instead, use the term "mount-point namespace". Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/mount-point namespace/mount namespace/ This is more consistent with the term "mounts namespace" used in the 2008 ACM SIGOPS paper, "Virtual servers and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux". (I avoided the "s", because using the plural strikes me as klunky English, and anyway we don't talk about the "PIDs namespace" or the "networks namespace", etc..) connect.2 listen.2 send.2 uname.2 cmsg.3 proc.5 arp.7 ddp.7 icmp.7 ip.7 raw.7 socket.7 tcp.7 udp.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: eliminate mention of the obsolete sysctl(2) interface Many pages still mention use of the obsolete sysctl(2) system call, or used the term "sysctls"; rewrite these mentions to instead be in terms of /proc interfaces. fcntl.2 signal.2 mbsnrtowcs.3 mbsrtowcs.3 mbtowc.3 wcrtomb.3 wcsnrtombs.3 wcsrtombs.3 wctomb.3 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/multi-thread/multithread/ getdents.2 pthread_attr_init.3 pthread_create.3 pthread_getattr_np.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_setschedparam.3 pthread_tryjoin_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Use consistent error-handling function names Many older pages use a handle_error() macro to do simple error handling from system and library function calls. Switch these pages to do similar. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- time.1 Michael Kerrisk Note that some shells have a 'time' built-in command Therefore, to access the functionality described on this page, it may be necessary to specify the full pathname. clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Place list of CLONE_* flags in alphabetical order (No content changes.) fsync.2 Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements for fsync() Since glibc 2.8, the fsync() declaration is also exposed if _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Add note on system-imposed restrictions on CPUs actually used After Loïc Domaigne's suggestion for pthread_setaffinity_np(3), add similar text to this page noting that the system silently limits the set of CPUs on which the process actually runs to the set of CPUs physically present and the limits imposed by cpuset(7). sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Removed discussion of CPU_* macros() These macros are now moving to a separate page. Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to pthread_setaffinity_np(3) pthread_setaffinity_np() is preferable for setting thread CPU affinity if using the POSIX threads API. sysctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add prominent warning against using this system call This was already stated under NOTES, but make it even more prominent by adding a sentence at the start of the DESCRIPTION. uname.2 Michael Kerrisk Add C comments describing fields in utsname structure atan2.3 Stefano Teso Fix description of range of function value return The range is not [-pi/2, pi/2], but [-pi, pi]. (mtk: This error was reported by Nicolas François, and should have been fixed in 3.11, but somewhere along the way, the fix got lost.) http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=506299 bindresvport.3 Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.8, EPFNOSUPPORT error is now EAFNOSUPPORT Glibc switched to using a POSIX-specified error code for this error case. http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2375 clock_getres.3 Michael Kerrisk CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but currently they are not. getgrnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit in describing what happens for the "not found" case. This is an analogous change to the change for getpwnam.3, made after Andreas Henriksson's report. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787 Michael Kerrisk Rename arguments to getgrnam_r() and getgrgid_r() s/gbuf/grp/ and s/gbufp/result/, for consistency with POSIX.1 argument names. Michael Kerrisk Clarify RETURN VALUE description The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit in describing what happens for the "not found" case. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504708 getpwnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Rename arguments to getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r() s/pwbuf/pwd/ and s/pwbufp/result/, for consistency with POSIX.1 argument names. Michael Kerrisk Clarify and add more detail in RETURN VALUE description The page was a bit fuzzy in describing the return values for various cases. In particular, it needed to be more explicit in describing what happens for the "not found" case. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504787 Michael Kerrisk Add an EXAMPLE program for getpwnam_r() inet_ntop.3 Michael Kerrisk Rename 'cnt' argument to 'size' This is consistent with POSIX.1, and also a more sensible name. Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing 'size' argument (After a suggestion by Vegard Nossum.) Also made a few other small rewordings to in the initial paragraph. makecontext.3 Michael Kerrisk Add text on use of pointer arguments to makecontext() Passing pointer arguments to makecontext() is possible, but only on some architectures, and with no guarantees of portability. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504699 pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Various fixes after review by Loïc Domaigne Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Update to reflect new location of CPU_*() documentation The CPU_*() macros are now documented in CPU_SET.3; update to reflect that fact. Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant text relating to CPU sets Information about CPU_SETSIZE can be found in CPU_SET.3, so remove discussion of it here. pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_setschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove text saying that only sched_priority is required by POSIX.1 Loïc Domaigne points out that if a system implements SCHED_SPORADIC (which Linux does not), then other fields are also specified in sched_param. The simple solution is just to remove that phrase from the man page. pthread_cancel.3 pthread_detach.3 pthread_join.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Make text of ESRCH error consistent pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk Add text to EINVAL error mentioning cpuset(7) Michael Kerrisk Various improvements after review by Loïc Domaigne Various fix-ups after Loïc's review. Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne pthread_setschedparam.3 Michael Kerrisk PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is default for inherit scheduler attribute In EXAMPLE, note that PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for the inherit scheduler attribute. syslog.3 Masanari Iida LOG_KERN messages can't be generated from user processes Masanari notes that this is an FAQ for logger(1) and that Solaris and FreeBSD document this point in syslog(3). The glibc info page also hides this comment in its source: Internally, there is also LOG_KERN, but LOG_KERN == 0, which means if you try to use it here, just selects default. proc.5 Ivana Varekova Fix reference to kernel source file Use relative reference to Documentation/mtrr.txt. arp.7 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for /proc interfaces cpuset.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3) epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc version that added epoll support icmp.7 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers to /proc file descriptions inotify.7 Vegard Nossum Fix description of max_user_watches It seems that inotify(7) is wrong here: "/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches This specifies a limit on the number of watches that can be associated with each inotify instance." On my system, the default value for this variable is 8192. But I cannot create more than 8192 watches in total for the same UID even when they are on different inotify instances. So I suggest to rephrase this as: "This specifies an upper limit on the number of watches that can be created per real user ID." ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Reorder socket options alphabetically Michael Kerrisk Added kernel version numbers for IP_* socket options Michael Kerrisk Relocate kernel version information for IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_* files Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of kernel header from description of IP_RECVERR Looks like glibc has had this definition since about version 2.1. Michael Kerrisk Relocate kernel version information for ip_mreqn structure Michael Kerrisk Relocate info about Linux-specific sockopts to NOTES Also add some source comments about non-standard Linux-specific options that are not yet documented. netlink.7 Vegard Nossum Fix incorrect variable names in example code s/snl/sa/ * 2 pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Add section on cancellation points This section includes a list of the functions that must and may be cancellation points. Michael Kerrisk Rework, and fix small error in, thread-safe function list Integrate the changes that occurred in POSIX.1-2008 into the main list (to be consistent with the list, elsewhere on this page, of functions that are cancellation points). Also, fix an error that said that strerror() was added to the list in POSIX.1-2008. It was strsignal() that was added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.) Michael Kerrisk Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be" to the "may be" list. Michael Kerrisk Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals signal(7) provides some further details on the use of real-time signals by the two Linux threading implementations. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_attr_init() and pthread_cancel() tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Update description of tcp_rmem defaults for Linux 2.6 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for TCP_* socket options Note kernel version were each socket option first appeared. Michael Kerrisk The tcp_bic* proc files disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 Michael Kerrisk tcp_vegas_cong_avoid disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of RFC 4138 for 'tcp_frto' /proc file Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of /proc in VERSIONS This information is not indicated for each /proc interface Michael Kerrisk Clarify that tcp_mem measures in units of the system page size Michael Kerrisk Update tcp_frto description for 2.6.22 changes Linux 2.6.22 added a mode value 2 ("Enable SACK-enhanced F-RTO if flow uses SACK"). Michael Kerrisk Fix alphabetical order in /proc file list A few entries were slightly out of order. Michael Kerrisk Remove obsolete statement about /proc from VERSIONS Much of the text has been updated to 2.6.27 or so, so this statement no longer applies. Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for each /proc interface Note kernel version where each /proc interface first appeared Michael Kerrisk tcp_westwood /proc file disappeared in Linux 2.6.13 Michael Kerrisk Update description of tcp_wmem defaults for Linux 2.6 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.15 ==================== Released: 2008-12-05, Bucaramanga Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andre Majorel Andries E. Brouwer Chris Heath Drake Wilson Mats Wichmann Mel Gorman Michael Kerrisk Mike Fedyk Pavel Machek Petr Baudis Phil Endecott Rob Landley Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- makedev.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for makedev(), major(), and minor() macros pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np(3) and pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Document accept4() system call, new in Linux 2.6.28 fmemopen.3 Petr Baudis Add description of open_wmemstream(3) tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document MSG_TRUNC flag for TCP sockets New and changed links --------------------- accept4.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to accept.2 accept.2 now documents the new accept4() system call. open_wmemstream.3 Petr Baudis New link to fmemopen.3 fmemopen.3 now documents open_wmemstream(). pthread_cleanup_pop_restore_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 Global changes -------------- accept.2 listen.2 recv.2 getpeername.2 getsockname.2 shutdown.2 socketpair.2 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: SEE ALSO: add socket(7) bind.2 rcmd.3 capabilities.7 ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/reserved port/privileged port/ Some pages used one term, some pages the other term; make some consistency. connect.2 getpeername.2 getsockname.2 Michael Kerrisk Use consistent argument names Most other sockets pages are using the names 'addr' and 'addrlen'; make these pages do the same. getpeername.2 getsockname.2 getsockopt.2 recv.2 send.2 shutdown.2 sockatmark.3 socket.7 udplite.7 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Rename socket file descriptor argument to 'sockfd' Many sockets man pages use the name 'sockfd' already. For consistency, changes the others to do so as well. gnu_dev_major.3 gnu_dev_makedev.3 gnu_dev_minor.3 major.3 minor.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to new makedev(3) page Changes to individual pages --------------------------- _exit.2 Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.3, the exit() wrapper function invokes exit_group(2) This information is useful to users of strace(1). accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details when returned address is truncated If the returned address is truncated, the 'addrlen' argument indicates the actual size of the address, rather than a count of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer. Also clarify that if 'addr' argument is NULL, then 'addrlen' should is unused, and should also be NULL. Michael Kerrisk Reorder ERRORS list Some errors were listed under a separate "may" heading. There's probably no real need to do this; integrate those errors into the main list. exit_group.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that since glibc 2.3, exit(2) invokes exit_group() futex.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention that glibc provides no wrapper function for futex() get_thread_area.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call getdomainname.2 Michael Kerrisk Substantial rewrite Expand description of setdomainname() and getdomainname(). Note that getdomainname() is implemented as a library function in glibc. Note limits on size of domain name. Reorganize ERRORS list. gethostname.2 Michael Kerrisk Various parts rewritten Write a paragraph describing sethostname(). Clarify differences between glibc's gethostbyname() and the kernel gethostbyname() system calls. gethostname.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that HOST_NAME_MAX is 64 on Linux Also note that in pre-1.0 days, the limit on hostnames was 8 bytes. getpeername.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that returned address may be truncated if buffer is too small getsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Simplified version information and moved to a new VERSIONS section getsockname.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that returned address is truncated if buffer is too small mknod.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to makedev(3) to build a device ID mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Loosen language around how 'addr' hint is interpreted Mel Gorman reported that in Linux 2.6.27, 'addr' is rounded down to a page boundary. Before kernel 2.6.26, if 'addr' was taken as a hint, it was rounded up to the next page boundary. Since Linux 2.6.24, it is rounded down. Therefore, loosen the description of this point to say that the address is rounded to "a nearby page boundary". open.2 Michael Kerrisk EFBIG error is now EOVERFLOW (since Linux 2.6.24) When a 32-bit app opens a file whose size is too big to be represented in 31-bits, POSIX.1 specifies the error EOVERFLOW. Linux used to give EFBIG for this case, but 2.6.24 fixed this. Also, add some text to describe the error scenario in more detail. pread.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc emulation for these calls uses lseek(2) (This makes it clearer that the emulated calls are not atomic.) recv.2 send.2 Michael Kerrisk Make names of "address" and "address length" args more consistent Make the names of these arguments more consistent with other sockets man pages. recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details when returned address is truncated If the recvfrom() returned address is truncated, the 'fromlen' argument indicates the actual size of the address, rather than a count of the number of bytes in the truncated buffer. Also clarify that the 'from' argument can be NULL, in which case 'fromlen' should is unused, and should also be NULL. Michael Kerrisk Internet datagram and netlink sockets support MSG_TRUNC for recv(2) Internet datagram (since Linux 2.4.27/2.6.8), and netlink (since Linux 2.6.22) sockets support the MSG_TRUNC flag for recv(2). select.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrote text describing feature test macros requirement for pselect() select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix SHUT_FD* macros in example program Add "do {} while (0)" set_thread_area.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc provides no wrapper for this system call setfsgid.2 setfsuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Simplify version information and move to a VERSIONS section setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework RETURN VALUE section; add an ERRORS section setup.2 Michael Kerrisk Relocate some CONFORMING TO text to VERSIONS and NOTES stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EOVERFLOW error Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to major() and minor() to decompose a device ID syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix version numbers for a few system calls Some 2.6 system calls were wrongly mentioned as also being backported into a 2.4.x kernel. uname.2 Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: Point reader at NOTES for further info on field lengths atan.3 Andries E. Brouwer Fix return value description The correct range for the return value is [-pi/2,pi/2]. (mtk's fix in the last change to the return value text was a botch-up of a (correct) suggestion by Nicolas François.) atexit.3 Michael Kerrisk atexit() and on_exit(3) register functions on the same list Michael Kerrisk Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results. Michael Kerrisk Calling exit(3) more than once produces undefined results If an exit handler itself calls exit(3), the results are undefined (see the POSIX.1-2001 specification of exit(3)). Michael Kerrisk The same exit handler may be registered multiple times Michael Kerrisk Calling _exit(2) terminates processing of exit handlers Michael Kerrisk Terminating registered function using longjmp() is undefined According to POSIX.1, using longjmp() to terminate execution of a function registered using atexit() produces undefined results. bindresvport.3 Mats Wichmann SYNOPSIS: s/\*\*/*/ in prototype Michael Kerrisk Fix errors regarding port used, plus other rewrites Glibc's bindresvport() takes no notice of sin->sin_port: it always returns an arbitrary reserved port in the anonymous range (512-1023). (Reported by Mats Wichmann.) Also: * Add EADDRINUSE and EACCES errors. * Mention use of getsockname(2). * Other minor rewrites and reorderings of the text. * Explicitly note that glib's bindresvport() ignores sin->sin_port. * Change license There's now virtually no text remaining from the 1.70 version of this page. Reviewed-by: Mats Wichmann Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis dlopen.3 Petr Baudis Describe confusing dladdr() behavior dladdr() will act unexpectedly if called from non-pic code on a compile-time-generated function pointer. fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section Petr Baudis SEE OPEN: Add fopencookie(3) fopencookie(3) is used to implement fmemopen(). fopen.3 Petr Baudis SEE ALSO: Add fmemopen(3) and fopencookie(3) fopencookie.3 Petr Baudis fopencookie() needs _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro getaddrinfo.3 Petr Baudis Document results ordering and /etc/gai.conf This patch documents the order of the getaddrinfo(3) results (RFC 3484), how should the application deal with that, mentions the extremely common cause of having multiple results per query (both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses available) and mentions /etc/gai.conf. (mtk: Minor tweaks, and note glibc version for /etc/gai.conf) isatty.3 Michael Kerrisk Complete rewrite of this page, with rather more detail memmem.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove sentence saying that libc 5.0.9 is still widely used That was a *long* time ago. on_exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Document handling of registrations on fork(2) and execve(2) Treatment in these cases is the same as for atexit(3). Michael Kerrisk Arg given to registered function is status from *last* call to exit() It's a subtle point, but if a registered function itself calls exit(3), then subsequent functions that were registered with on_exit(3) will see the exit status given to the more recent exit(3) call. Michael Kerrisk Note that same function may be registered multiple times setlocale.3 locale.7 Michael Kerrisk Clean up the description of LANGUAGE environment variable Clean up the $LANGUAGE description, by removing bogus comments from setlocale(3) and expanding the mention in locale(7). Maybe you will decide that a more detailed description should be left to the gettext(3) documentation, but I actually care about the invisible part of the patch more since the comments have put me off the track initially ($LANGUAGE has nothing to do with setlocale(3) and is completely isolated to gettext, as obvious from the glibc sources). proc.5 Michael Kerrisk /proc/stat: s/minor/disk_idx/ in description of /proc/stat See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=225619 capabilities.7 Drake Wilson Various minor fixes as per Debian bug 471029 The relevant pieces of http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=471029 are: - Delete duplicate subentry for KEYCTL_CHOWN/KEYCTL_SETPERM operations in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry. (It feels like that capability entry should be converted to a list, but I've left it in semicolon-delimited form for now.) - Remove text about ENFILE from the text about the /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit in the CAP_SYS_ADMIN entry, since this is already described in the man pages for the relevant ofile-creating system calls. - Correct or clarify a few other bits of grammar and such; see the diff file itself for details. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tcp(7) and udp(7) tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Relocate out-of-band data discussion Move to a new subsection entitled "Sockets API". Michael Kerrisk Note that MSG_PEEK can be used on out-of-band data time.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(3) unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Unix domain sockets don't support the recv() MSG_TRUNC flag Michael Kerrisk Retitled subsection "(Un)supported features" to "Sockets API" This is consistent with the recent change in tcp(7). ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.16 ==================== Released: 2009-01-13, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Colin Watson Florentin Duneau Petr Baudis Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_getcpuclockid.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_getcpuclockid(3) libc.7 Michael Kerrisk New page giving brief overview of C libraries on Linux rtld-audit.7 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting dynamic linker auditing API Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- ld.so.8 Petr Baudis Document LD_AUDIT Petr Baudis Document LD_POINTER_GUARD New and changed links --------------------- gethostid.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new page location in Section 3 sethostid.2 Michael Kerrisk Change link to point to new page location in Section 3 sethostid.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to relocated page in Section 3 glibc.7 Michael Kerrisk New link to new libc.7 Global changes -------------- syscalls.2 feature_test_macros.7 standards.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add libc(7) dlopen.3 ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add rtld-audit(7) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- gethostid.2 Michael Kerrisk Move to Section 3 The interfaces documented in this page are purely glibc. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Kernel 2.6.28 adds accept4() clock_getres.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix VERSIONS information gethostid.3 Michael Kerrisk Before version 2.2, glibc stored the host ID in /var/adm/hostid Also: rewrite some text describing the /etc/hostid file, so that this location is referred to just once on the page. Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: describe return value of sethostid() Michael Kerrisk Added BUGS section noting that ID can't be guaranteed to be unique Michael Kerrisk Added ERRORS section describing errors for sethostid() Michael Kerrisk Update section number to reflect relocation into Section 3 printf.3 Michael Kerrisk Source and destination buffers may not overlap for *s*printf() http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7075 Some existing code relies on techniques like the following to append text to a buffer: $ cat s.c #include char buf[80] = "not "; main() { sprintf(buf, "%sfail", buf); puts(buf); return 0; } $ cc s.c $ ./a.out not fail However, the standards say the results are undefined if source and destination buffers overlap, and with suitable compiler options, recent changes can cause unexpected results: $ cc -v 2>&1 | grep gcc gcc version 4.3.1 20080507 (prerelease) [gcc-4_3-branch revision 135036] (SUSE Linux) $ cc -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE -O2 s.c $ ./a.out fail readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite text describing 'dirent' fields standardized in POSIX.1 Michael Kerrisk Clarify text for return value/errno setting for end-of-stream case nscd.8 Petr Baudis Correct NOTES section on reloading configuration files It behaved this way at least since "Sun Oct 18 15:02:11 1998 +0000", some four months after including the nscd implementation in glibc. But there does seem to be a short window between glibc-2.1 and glibc-2.1.3 when nscd -i was not available, I don't think it's worth muddling the point of the page with that, though. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.17 ==================== Released: 2009-01-19, Hobart Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adeodato Simó Bastien ROUCARIES Davide Libenzi Lefteris Dimitroulakis Mads Martin Joergensen Marc Lehmann Martin (Joey) Schulze Michael Kerrisk Petr Baudis Sam Varshavchik Vegard Nossum Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- endian.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting byte order conversion functions Document functions (new in glibc 2.9) for conversion between host byte order and big-/little- endian byte order: htobe16(), htole16(), be16toh(), le16toh(), htobe32(), htole32(), be32toh(), le32toh(), htobe64(), htole64(), be64toh(), le64toh() getifaddrs.3 Petr Baudis New page documenting getifaddrs(3) and freeifaddrs(3) Many edits and changes of Petr's initial draft by mtk cp1251.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting CP 1251 (Windows Cyrillic) character set iso-8859-10.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-10 character set iso_8859-13.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-13 character set iso_8859-14.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-14 character set iso_8859-3.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-3 character set iso_8859-5.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-5 character set iso_8859-8.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-8 character set koi8-u.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting KOI8-U character set Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc interfaces for limiting kernel memory usage Document the following /proc files that were added in Linux 2.6.28: /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches netdevice.7 Michael Kerrisk Document recently added interface flags IFF_LOWER_UP (since Linux 2.6.17) IFF_DORMANT (since Linux 2.6.17) IFF_ECHO (since Linux 2.6.25) Documentation taken from comments in New and changed links --------------------- freeifaddrs.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new getifaddrs.3 htobe16.3 htole16.3 be16toh.3 le16toh.3 htobe32.3 htole32.3 be32toh.3 le32toh.3 htobe64.3 htole64.3 be64toh.3 le64toh.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to new endian.3 iso-8859-10.7 iso_8859_10.7 latin6.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-10.7 iso-8859-13.7 iso_8859_13.7 latin7.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-13.7 iso-8859-14.7 iso_8859_14.7 latin8.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-14.7 iso-8859-3.7 iso_8859_3.7 latin3.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-3.7 iso-8859-5.7 iso_8859_5.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-5.7 iso-8859-8.7 iso_8859_8.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-8.7 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3) epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EMFILE error This error is encountered when the limit imposed by /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances is encountered. Michael Kerrisk Clarify distinction between epoll instance and epoll file descriptor Reword so that the notion of an epoll instance is made clear, and made distinct from the notion of an epoll file descriptor. Some other minor rewordings also. epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Reordered parts of the text Michael Kerrisk Introduce notion of epoll instance Introduce notion of epoll instance as distinct from epoll file descriptor. Plus other wording clean-ups. Michael Kerrisk Document ENOSPC error (new in Linux 2.6.28) This error results when the limit imposed by /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches is encountered. epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Introduce the notion of an epoll instance into text getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk Before kernel < 2.6.4, 'd_type' was effectively always DT_UNKNOWN gethostid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename file (was misnamed gethostd.2 in previous release) getsockname.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add getifaddrs(3) signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix description of fork() semantics The page text described the semantics of the initial implementation of signalfd(). These were changed early on, but the man page wasn't updated. byteorder.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add endian(3) longjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask Michael Kerrisk siglongjmp() restores signal mask iff 'savesigs' was non-zero Note that siglongjmp() restores signal mask if, and only if, 'savesigs' argument of sigsetjmp() was non-zero. (Previous text omitted the "and only if".) memccpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix CONFORMING TO: s/C99/POSIX.1-2001/ Michael Kerrisk If the memory areas overlap, the results are undefined sethostid.3 Michael Kerrisk Rename file (was misnamed sethostd.3 in previous release) setjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording re saving/restoring signal mask Michael Kerrisk Clarify when setjmp() provides BSD vs System V signal mask semantics strsep.3 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: explicitly list problems afflicting strsep() Previously, the page said this function suffered the same problems as strtok(), but in fact strsep() doesn't suffer from all of the same problems as strtok(), so explicitly list just the problems of strsep() in the strsep.3 page. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to epoll(7) for description of epoll /proc files epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Various wording changes to improve clarity and consistency ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.18 ==================== Released: 2009-02-10, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Bastien ROUCARIES Christian Siebert Christopher Head Florentin Duneau Guillem Jover Lefteris Dimitroulakis Lucio Maciel Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peter Zijlstra Petr Baudis Sam Varshavchik Satyam Sharma Sebastian Kienzl Timo Sirainen Vegard Nossum Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- armscii-8.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ArmSCII-8 character set iso_8859-11.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-11 character set iso_8859-4.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page documenting ISO 8859-4 character set iso_8859-6.7 Lefteris Dimitroulakis New page describing ISO 8859-6 character set pthread_kill.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_kill(3) pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_kill_other_threads_np(3) pthread_sigmask.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_sigmask(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clock_getres.3 Michael Kerrisk Document CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, new in 2.6.28 New and changed links --------------------- clock_gettime.2 clock_settime.2 clock_getres.3 clock_gettime.3 clock_settime.3 Michael Kerrisk Update links to reflect the fact that clock_* pages are now in Section 2 iso-8859-11.7 iso_8859_11.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-11.7 iso-8859-4.7 iso_8859_4.7 latin4.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-4.7 iso-8859-6.7 iso_8859_6.7 Michael Kerrisk New links to new iso_8859-6.7 tis-620.7 Michael Kerrisk New link to new iso_8859-11.7 Global changes -------------- clock_nanosleep.2 getrusage.2 timerfd_create.2 clock.3 clock_getcpuclockid.3 ftime.3 pthread_create.3 pthread_getcpuclockid.3 pthread_tryjoin_np.3 sem_wait.3 time.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: Fix xrefs to clock_*.? pages to reflect move to section 2 clock_nanosleep.2 execve.2 fork.2 nanosleep.2 sigaction.2 timerfd_create.2 pthread_getcpuclockid.3 ualarm.3 usleep.3 pthreads.7 time.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/(3)/(2)/ in section number xrefs for timer_*() API The POSIX timers API is implemented (mostly) within the kernel, so these interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet no man pages, when they are added they should be in Section 2, not 3. Therefore fix those pages that currently refer to these interfaces as being in Section 3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 Andi Kleen Add some details and relocate a paragraph While writing a little program using capset I found the capset manpage quite light on crucial details and I had to resort to RTFS. This patch improves the points I found unclear and also moves one misplaced paragraph around. clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk Move page from Section 3 to Section 2 eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc eventfd() supports the use of eventfd2() since version 2.9 fork.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add daemon(3) getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded HAVE_D_TYPE from example program Since d_type will always just return DT_UNKNOWN before kernel 2.6.4, we don't need to use a conditional for determining whether we use this flag. nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Relocated misplaced BUGS heading select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Clean up error checking in example program (no semantic changes) Michael Kerrisk Many parts tidied and rewritten Remove some redundant text, clarify various pieces, tidy example code, etc. Michael Kerrisk Bug fixes + rewrites in example program Sebastien pointed out that the first example program wrongly thinks it can count signals. Also, some further rewrites by mtk. socket.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: Remove discussion SOCK_UUCP As time goes on, this sentence becomes less a piece of humor, and more a puzzle. stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that open(O_NOATIME) also causes st_atime not to be updated timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Add BUGS noting that timerfd supports fewer clock types than timer_create() btowc.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add wctob(3) clock_getcpuclockid.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) cos.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sincos(3) fexecve.3 Timo Sirainen Note that fexecve() depends on a mounted /proc See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514043 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note addition of fexecve() in POSIX.1-2008 Michael Kerrisk 'fd' must be opened read-only and refer to a file that is executable fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008 getifaddrs.3 Lucio Maciel Fix memory leak in example program Petr Baudis Various small fixes getpwnam.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getspnam(3) getumask.3 Michael Kerrisk Updated glibc version number in NOTES ilogb.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add significand(3) intro.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add libc(7) isalpha.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix statement that isalpa() is obsolete; should be isascii() http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=512709 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add toascii(3) mq_notify.3 Michael Kerrisk Add cross reference to pthread_attr_init(3) pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of 'attr' pthread_getcpuclockid.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'thread' qsort.3 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: remove unnecessary "#include " random.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add random_r(3) remainder.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add div(3) scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: alphasort() and scandir() are added to POSIX.1-2008 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that versionsort() was added to glibc in version 2.1 sem_wait.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add clock_gettime(2) significand.3 Michael Kerrisk Add CONFORMING TO noting that this function is unstandardized sigwait.3 Michael Kerrisk Add EXAMPLES section referring to pthread_sigmask(3) sin.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sincos(3) stpcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Add BUGS section noting the possibility of buffer overruns Michael Kerrisk Add missing pieces/fix various problems in example program Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: stpcpy() is nowadays on the BSDs Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add stpcpy.3 wcscasecmp.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008 wcsdup.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that this function was added in POSIX.1-2008 wcsncasecmp.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that this function is added in POSIX.1-2008 wctob.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add btowc(3) proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of epoll/max_user_instances (Since this interface appeared in 2.6.28, and then disappeared in 2.6.29.) ascii.7 Michael Kerrisk Update SEE ALSO list to include pages added in 3.17 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add recently added iso_8859-*(7) pages epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk remove documentation of /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances This /proc interface appeared in 2.6.28. but will be removed in 2.6.29. Also, document change in default value of /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches (was 1/32 of lowmem, now 1/25 of lowmem). koi8-r.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add koi8-u(7); remove crufty text standards.7 Michael Kerrisk Update to note that latest POSIX/SUS was ratified in 2008 time.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_getcpuclockid(3) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.19 ==================== Released: 2009-02-20, Putaruru Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Christian Siebert Jan Engelhardt Jens Thoms Toerring Kir Kolyshkin Mark Hills Michael Kerrisk Parag Warudkar Peter Zijlstra Sami Liedes Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting timer_create(2) timer_delete.2 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting timer_delete(2) timer_getoverrun.2 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting timer_getoverrun(2) timer_settime.2 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting timer_settime(2) and timer_gettime(2) New and changed links --------------------- timer_gettime.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new timer_settime.2 Global changes -------------- Various pages Kir Kolyshkin Trivial punctuation fixes in SEE ALSO In SEE ALSO, when a few man pages are referenced, those are divided by commas. Every reference is on a separate line, and all lines but the last one should end with comma. I spotted one place where there is no comma in between references, and mocked up an awk script to find similar places: for f in man*/*; do awk ' /^.SH ["]SEE ALSO["]/ { sa=1; print "== " FILENAME " =="; print; next } /^\.(PP|SH)/ { sa=0; no=0; next } /^\.BR/ { if (sa==1) { print; if (no == 1) print "Missing comma in " FILENAME " +" FNR-1; no=0 } } /^\.BR .*)$/ { if (sa==1) no=1; next } /\.\\"/ {next} /.*/ { if (sa==1) { print; next } } ' $f; done | fgrep 'Missing comma' This patch fixes all the places found by the above script. Also, there is an extra dot at the end of uri.7 "SEE ALSO" section. Removed as per man-pages(7) recommendation. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getitimer.2 clock_getcpuclockid.3 time.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) getitimer.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename arguments for consistency with other timer pages Also some other minor wording improvements splice.2 Mark Hills ERRORS: Add EINVAL case for file opened O_APPEND Target file cannot be opened in append (O_APPEND) mode In kernels prior to v2.6.27 splice() to a file in append mode is broken, and since that version it is disallowed. It is possible this behaviour may change in the future; see the kernel commit message (efc968d450e013049a662d22727cf132618dcb2f) for more information. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that getpmsg(2) and putmsg(2) are unimplemented See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771 timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EFAULT timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename timerfd_settime() 'curr_value' arg to 'old_value' For consistency with related pages. vm86.2 Parag Warudkar CONFORMING TO: Add 32-bit specific Note that this call is only on *32-bit* Intel mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add ENOENT error for name == "/" mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EACCES error for name containing > 1 slash sem_open.3 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL error where name == "/" sem_open.3 Jens Thoms Toerring Add case of non-well-formed name to ENOENT shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify rules for construction of shared memory object names proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Add description of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq Reported by: Goerghe Cosorea proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Put /proc/modules entry in correct alphabetical order ascii.7 Kir Kolyshkin Fix formatting of tables on second page to use monospaced font mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify construction rules for message queue object names sem_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify construction rules for semaphore object names See also http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.linux.development.apps/browse_thread/thread/b4a67caa765cb65f ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.20 ==================== Released: 2009-03-31, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alan Curry Américo Wang Andi Kleen Carlos O'Donell Chunming Chang Colin Watson Eelco Dolstra Jan Engelhardt Jens Thoms Toerring Johannes Stezenbach Leandro A. F. Pereira Martin Gebert Michael Kerrisk Mike O'Connor Mike Frysinger Nikanth Karthikesan Reuben Thomas Reuben Thomas Roland McGrath Sam Varshavchik Simon Gomizelj Tanaka Akira Teddy Hogeborn Walter Jontofsohn Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- cpuid.4 Andi Kleen New page for cpuid access device msr.4 Andi Kleen New page documenting x86 CPU MSR access device Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- proc.5 Américo Wang Document /proc/sys/vm/swappiness Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sysrq-trigger Global changes -------------- timer_create.2 timer_delete.2 timer_getoverrun.2 timer_settime.2 numa.7 Michael Kerrisk Make source layout of 'Link with' text consistent with other pages No actual change to formatted output, but this makes the page sources more consistent for the purpose of grepping, etc. mempcpy.3 signbit.3 significand.3 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: acknowledge FSF in copyright These pages are heavily based on original material in glibc info pages, but the comments in the source of the pages did not acknowledge the FSF copyright on the original material. Fix that. accept.2 read.2 recv.2 send.2 write.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK errors For a non-blocking socket, POSIX.1-2001/2008 allow either EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK to be returned in cases where a call would have blocked. Although these constants are defined with the same value on most Linux architectures (PA-RISC is the exception), POSIX.1 does not require them to have the same value. Therefore, a portable application using the sockets API should test for both errors when checking this case. (NB POSIX.1 only mentions EWOULDBLOCK in the context of the sockets interfaces.) Change made after a note cross-posted on linux-arch@vger, http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.debian.ports.hppa/5615 and a suggestion for write(2) from Carlos O'Donell basename.3 getgrent.3 getgrnam.3 getpwent.3 getpwnam.3 readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that returned pointer should not be given to free() armscii-8.7 cp1251.7 iso_8859-10.7 iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 iso_8859-14.7 iso_8859-15.7 iso_8859-16.7 iso_8859-2.7 iso_8859-3.7 iso_8859-4.7 iso_8859-5.7 iso_8859-6.7 iso_8859-7.7 iso_8859-8.7 iso_8859-9.7 koi8-r.7 koi8-u.7 Michael Kerrisk Add explicit character set encoding to first line of source Nowadays mandb has provision to understand a character set encoding that is explicitly indicated in the first line of the source. As pointed out by Colin Watson, including such an explicit indication on pages encoded in anything other than ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8 is useful for man-pages that aren't shipped in UTF-8. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519209 and for some other background (responded to by Colin Watson in the above report): http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.internationalization.linux/6040 ("man page encoding", 5 Jul 2005) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk VERSIONS: glibc support is provided since version 2.10 fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of EWOULDBLOCK from discussion of mandatory locking In the kernel, the error on encountering a mandatory lock is EAGAIN. Although EAGAIN and EWOULDBLOCK are the same on most Linux architectures, on some they are not, so don't mention EWOULDBLOCK as it is misleading. (Mea culpa.) getcontext.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of getcontext() getitimer.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends POSIX timers API instead of this API gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends clock_gettime() instead of this API ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk Note use of 'data' for PTRACE_SYS{CALL,EMU} and PTRACE_*_SINGLESTEP These operations use the 'data' argument as a signal number, like PTRACE_CONT. ptrace.2 Mike Frysinger only reference The kernel no longer installs linux/user.h, so update references to sys/user.h. recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Add 'iovec' defn to defn of 'msghdr' structure The 'msghdr' structure includes a field of type 'iovec', so show the definition of that structure in this page. rename.2 Michael Kerrisk Make ENOENT description consistent with POSIX.1-2008 timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'flags' for timer_settime() truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Fix description of feature test macro requirements After a report by Arvid Norlander. bcopy.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 removes specification of bcopy() bsd_signal.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction(2) instead of this API ctime.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strftime(3) instead of these functions ecvt.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of these functions gcvt.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sprintf(3) instead of this function getcwd.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that getcwd() should be used instead of the obsolete getwd() getgrent.3 Michael Kerrisk Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by later calls gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1-2008 recommends getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3) instead getnetent_r.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix function name in text: s/getnetbynumber_r/getnetbyaddr_r/ The SYNOPSIS showed the right function name (getnetbyaddr_r), but the text repeatedly used the wrong name (getnetbynumber_r). Probably, this was a cut-and-paste error. getpwent.3 Michael Kerrisk Returned buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by later calls index.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends strchr(3) and strrchr(3) instead isalpha.3 Michael Kerrisk Explain why POSIX.1-2008 marks isascii(3) obsolete lockf.3 Nikanth Karthikesan Update pointer to documentation in kernel source makecontext.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends the use of POSIX threads instead mq_notify.3 Michael Kerrisk Document the POSIX.1-2008 optional EINVAL error POSIX.1-2008 allows an optional EINVAL error if notification==NULL and the caller is not currently registered to receive notifications. posix_fallocate.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that EINVAL also occurs of 'len' *equals* zero See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919 posix_fallocate.3 Michael Kerrisk Document POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 specifications for EINVAL error See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12919 posix_memalign.3 Michael Kerrisk Document handling of size==0 case for posix_memalign() pthread_exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix error in DESCRIPTION: s/pthread_create/pthread_exit/ realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk Rework resolved_path==NULL discussion w.r.t. POSIX.1-200[18] Although the page already mentioned the resolved_path==NULL feature, and that this feature was added in POSIX.1-2008, there was still some crufty text in BUGS that hadn't been updated to reflect the POSIX.1-2008 changes. Also, some other minor wording and grammar fixes. scalb.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends scalbln*(3) instead seekdir.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Fix type of 'offset' argument: s/off_t/long/ And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t' was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230 sem_post.3 Michael Kerrisk Document EOVERFLOW error shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object name as a count that excludes the null terminator. siginterrupt.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that POSIX.1-2008 recommends sigaction() instead sigset.3 Michael Kerrisk Note APIs that POSIX.1-2008 recommends instead of these obsolete APIs strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk Small fix to description of %G See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=516677 strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk Add details on ISO 8601 week-based dates ISO 8602 week-based dates are relevant for %G, %g, and %V, and the existing details on these dates are a little thin. strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of year from ISO 8601 standard The text mentioned the 1988 8601 standard, but there have already been two revisions of the standard since then, so simply remove mention of the year. telldir.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Fix return type: s/off_t/long/ And add a NOTES section pointing out that 'off_t' was indeed used in glibc 2.1.1 and earlier. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=519230 timeradd.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that on some systems, <=, >=, == don't work for timercmp() timeradd.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Fix return types of timerisset() and timercmp() toascii.3 Michael Kerrisk Note why POSIX.1-2008 marks this function obsolete console_ioctl.4 Alan Curry Fix 'argp' type for KDGETLED description See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517485 group.5 Michael Kerrisk Various minor rewordings and improvements resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Document 'ip6-bytestring' option resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Document 'edns0' option resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Document 'ip6-dotint' / 'no-ip6-dotint' option resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Note that maximum value of 'ndots' option is capped to 15 resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Note that maximum value of 'timeout' option is capped to 30 hier.7 Michael Kerrisk Add description of /srv See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=520904 ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix type used to declare sin6_port The page should use the type specified by POSIX, rather than the (equivalent) type used in the kernel ipv6.7 Teddy Hogeborn Fix types used to declare sin6_family and sin6_port The page should use the types specified by POSIX, rather than the (equivalent) types used in the kernel. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=517074 mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Recast discussion on name length to exclude terminating NULL byte Probably it's clearer to describe the length of the IPC object name as a count that excludes the null terminator. rtld-audit.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that multiple libraries in LD_AUDIT doesn't work This is reportedly fixed in glibc 2.10. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=9733 sem_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of length of semaphore names Because of the "sem." prefix added by glibc to a semaphore name, the limit on the length of the name (excluding the terminating null byte) is 251 characters. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.21 ==================== Released: 2009-04-15, Los Gatos Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Frank Dana Michael Kerrisk Roman Byshko Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_setconcurrency.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_setconcurrency(3) and pthread_getconcurrency(3) pthread_yield.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_yield(3) New and changed links --------------------- pthread_getconcurrency.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_setconcurrency(3) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- initrd.4 Michael Kerrisk Various minor wording improvements initrd.4 Frank Dana Add missing word in description feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Update for glibc 2.10 changes to From glibc 2.10, understands the values 200809 for _POSIX_C_SOURCE and 700 for _XOPEN_SOURCE, and makes corresponding changes to defaults for other feature test macros. Michael Kerrisk Add an example program This example program makes it possible to explore what feature test macros are set depending on the glibc version and the macros that are explicitly set. ldconfig.8 Michael Kerrisk /etc/ld.so.conf also include libraries found in /lib and /usr/lib ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.22 ==================== Released: 2009-07-25, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Dewhurst Alexander Lamaison Bryan Østergaard Christopher Head Doug Goldstein Florentin Duneau Gokdeniz Karadag Jeff Moyer KOSAKI Motohiro Lucian Adrian Grijincu Mark Hills Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Petr Baudis Reimar Döffinger Ricardo Garcia Rui Rlex Shachar Shemesh Tolga Dalman ku roi sobtwmxt Apologies if I missed anyone! Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite crufty text about number of args in older version of clone() Some bit rot had crept in regarding the discussion of the number of arguments in older versions of this syscall. Simplify the text to just say that Linux 2.4 and earlier didn't have ptid, tls, and ctid arguments. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533868 Michael Kerrisk Fix version number for CLONE_NEWIPC It's 2.6.19, not 2.4.19. Michael Kerrisk Fix errors in argument names in text (ptid, ctd) execve.2 Mike Frysinger Remove erroneous statement that pending signal set is cleared on execve(2). fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk The kernel source file mandatory.txt is now mandatory-locking.txt Michael Kerrisk The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems flock.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded reference to Documentation/mandatory.txt Mandatory locks are only implemented by fcntl() locking Michael Kerrisk The Documentation/* files are now in Documentation/filesystems fork.2 Jeff Moyer Document fork() behaviour for the Linux native AIO io_context It was noted on lkml that the fork behaviour is documented for the POSIX AIO calls, but not for the Linux native calls. Here is a patch which adds a small blurb that folks will hopefully find useful. Upon fork(), the child process does not inherit the io_context_t data structures returned by io_setup, and thus cannot submit further asynchronous I/O or reap event completions for said contexts. getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Document MS_STRICTATIME, update description of MS_RELATIME Starting with Linux 2.6.30, the MS_RELATIME behavior became the default, and MS_STRICTATIME is required to obtain the traditional semantics. poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove EBADF error from ERRORS As reported by Motohiro: "man poll" describe this error code. >ERRORS > EBADF An invalid file descriptor was given in one of the sets. but current kernel implementation ignore invalid file descriptor, not return EBADF. ... In the other hand, SUSv3 talk about > POLLNVAL > The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the > revents member; it shall ignored in the events member. and > If the value of fd is less than 0, events shall be ignored, and > ireevents shall be set to 0 in that entry on return from poll(). but, no desribe EBADF. (see http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/poll.html) So, I think the implementation is correct. Why don't we remove EBADF description? sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Expand description of si_utime and si_stime fields of siginfo_t stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve wording of ENOTDIR error syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add preadv() and pwritev(), new in kernel 2.6.30 wait.2 Gokdeniz Karadag Document CLD_DUMPED and CLD_TRAPPED si_code values daemon.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion of 'noclose' and 'nochdir' arguments ffs.3 Petr Baudis SEE ALSO: add memchr(3) fmemopen.3 Petr Baudis Relocate BUGS section to correct position Petr Baudis NOTES: there is no file descriptor associated with the returned stream Alexander Lamaison pointed out that this is not obvious from the documentation, citing an example with passing the FILE * handle to a function that tries to fstat() its fileno() in order to determine the buffer size. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: remove note that these functions are GNU extensions That sentence is now redundant, since these functions are added in POSIX.1-2008. lockf.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify relationship between fcntl() and lockf() locking memchr.3 Petr Baudis SEE ALSO: add ffs(3) readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk The d_type field is fully supported on Btrfs setjmp.3 Mike Frysinger Fix typo and clarify RETURN description The word "signal" was duplicated in NOTES, and the RETURN section refers to setjmp() and sigsetjmp(), and mentions longjmp(), but not siglongjmp(). strcmp.3 Petr Baudis SEE ALSO: add strverscmp(3) strcpy.3 Mark Hills SEE ALSO: Add strdup(3) complex.7 Michael Kerrisk Add missing header file for example program Reimar Döffinger Fix type used in example code man complex (from release 3.18) contains the following code: complex z = cexp(I * pi); Reading the C99 standard, "complex" is not a valid type, and several compilers (Intel ICC, ARM RVCT) will refuse to compile. It should be double complex z = cexp(I * pi); instead. environ.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that last element in environ array is NULL See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528628 Michael Kerrisk Wording fixes mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that mkdir and mount commands here need superuser privilege Michael Kerrisk Fix example showing contents of /dev/mqueue file standards.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove references to dated books Gallmeister and Lewine are rather old books. Probably, there are better books to consult nowadays, and anyway, this man page isn't intended to be a bibliography. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.23 ==================== Released: 2009-09-30, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aaron Gardner Andrey Vihrov Christoph Hellwig Georg Sauthoff Leslie P. Polzer Marc Lehmann Mark Hills Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nicolas François Serge Hallyn Siward de Groot rui rlex Apologies if I missed anyone! Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 pipe.2 tee.2 fmemopen.3 mq_notify.3 qsort.3 Michael Kerrisk Replace use of assert() by code that checks argc See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13569 As noted by Andrey: The purpose of the assert macro, defined in , is to provide a tool to check for programming mistakes or program logic errors. However, the assert macro must never be used to perform checks for run time errors, since, with the NDEBUG macro defined, expressions within the assert macro invocations are not evaluated/checked for, resulting in behavior that was not originally intended. ... The pages affected in the core package are execve(2) pipe(2) tee(2) fmemopen(3) mq_notify(3) qsort(3) getrusage.2 Michael Kerrisk ru_inblock and ru_oublock are now implemented These fields of the rusage structure are filled in since Linux 2.6.22. mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Add brief documentation of MAP_HUGETLB This flag is new in 2.6.32, and serves a similar purpose to the shmget() SHM_HUGETLB flag. open.2 Christoph Hellwig add some comments on O_SYNC and friends poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording describing of 'nfds' argument. reported by: rui rlex semctl.2 Nicolas François Remove some redundant words setpgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an explanation of orphaned process groups splice.2 tee.2 vmsplice.2 Mark Hills Fix return type Since glibc 2.7, the return type for these functions is ssize_t (formerly it was long). stat.2 Nicolas François Fix small bug in example program Since it is a failure, EXIT_FAILURE looks more appropriate than EXIT_SUCCESS. umount.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc only exposes MNT_DETACH and MNT_EXPIRE since version 2.11 See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092 exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Add a pointer to explanation of orphaned process groups in setpgid(2) fflush.3 Michael Kerrisk fflush() discards buffered input ffs.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that ffsl() and ffsll() are GNU extensions getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Note nonstandard assumed hints.ai_flags value when hints is NULL When hints is NULL, glibc assumes hints.ai_flags is AI_V4MAPPED|AI_ADDRCONFIG whereas POSIX says 0. According to Ulrich Drepper, glibc's behavior is better. getmntent.3 Mike Frysinger setmntent() argument is 'filename' not 'fp' The description of setmntent() formerly used the wrong argument name. posix_fallocate.3 Nicolas François Fix reference to POSIX.1-2008 The sentence mentions twice POSIX.1-2001. I guess the second one should be POSIX.1-2008. This should be checked in the standard. setenv.3 Michael Kerrisk Improve ERRORS section Add ENOMEM error; improve EINVAL description. Also, make RETURN VALUE section a little more accurate in its mention of errno. strftime.3 Nicolas François Fix error in description: s/Monday/Thursday/ proc.5 Nicolas François Fix page cross reference max_user_watches is better explained in epoll(7) than inotify(7). proc.5 Michael Kerrisk dmesg is in section 1, not section 8 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk FS UID manipulations affect CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE and CAP_MKNOD Nowadays, file system UID manipulations also affect CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE (since 2.6.3) and CAP_MKNOD (since 2.6.29). capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix version number for CAP_MKNOD in FS UID manipulations A recent patch said "since 2.6.29". It should have been "since 2.6.30". capabilities.7 Nicolas François Reword a bad sentence in description of capability bounding set. mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Change documented ranges for msg_max and msgsize_max Linux 2.6.28 changed the permissible ranges for these /proc files. tcp.7 udp.7 Nicolas François Replace references to syctl interfaces with /proc ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.24 ==================== Released: 2010-02-25, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Andries E. Brouwer Ansgar Burchardt Bela Lubkin Bill O. Gallmeister Christoph Hellwig Colin Watson Dan Jacobson David Howells Denis Barbier Doug Manley Edward Welbourne Fang Wenqi Frédéric Brière Garrett Cooper Ihar Hrachyshka Jann Poppinga Jason Goldfine-Middleton Jason Noakes Jonathan Nieder Kevin Mark Hills Markus Peuhkuri Michael Kerrisk Michael Witten Mike Frysinger Sam Liao Samy Al Bahra Stuart Kemp sunjiangangok Tobias Stoeckmann Vlastimil Babka Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- add_key.2 David Howells New page documenting add_key(2) Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. keyctl.2 David Howells New page documenting keyctl(2) Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. request_key.2 David Howells New page documenting request_key(2) Taken from keyutils-1.1 package. Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/non-root/unprivileged/ Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/non-privileged/unprivileged/ Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: /non-superuser/unprivileged user/ Various pages Michael Kerrisk s/non-/non/ The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes like "non-" etc. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/re-/re/ The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes like "re-" etc. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/multi-/multi/ The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes like "multi-" etc. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/pre-/pre/ The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes like "pre-" etc. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/sub-/sub/ The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like Chicago MoS, is toward removing hyphens after prefixes like "sub-" etc. stime.2 time.2 utimensat.2 ctime.3 difftime.3 ftime.3 getspnam.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 rtime.3 sem_wait.3 strftime.3 strptime.3 timeradd.3 rtc.4 core.5 proc.5 icmp.7 time.7 Michael Witten Global fix: Consistently define the Epoch All definitions of the Epoch have been refactored to the following: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC) That form is more consistent, logical, precise, and internationally recognizable than the other variants. Also, some wording has been altered as well. spu_create.2 getopt.3 passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/non-existing/nonexistent/ faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 futimesat.2 linkat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 openat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 symlinkat.2 unlinkat.2 utimensat.2 mkfifoat.3 Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements Starting in glibc 2.10, defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700, or _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809 exposes the declarations of these functions. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk Update text on nonsetabble CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID clocks SUSv3 permits, but does not require CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID to be settable. See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11972. execve.2 Colin Watson Fix description of treatment of caught signals Caught signals reset to their default on an execve() (not to being ignored). fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk s/F_OWNER_GID/F_OWNER_PGRP/ Peter Zijlstra took the name change I suggested. Michael Kerrisk Document F_[SG]ETOWN_EX; update details on F_SETOWN Linux 2.6.32 adds F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETOWN_EX. Linux 2.6.12 changed (broke) the former behavior of F_SETOWN with respect to threads. intro.2 intro.3 Michael Kerrisk Make subsection heading consistent with other intro.? pages These pages used "Copyright Terms"; the other intro.? pages used "Copyright Conditions". Make these pages like the others. sendfile.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify behavior when 'offset' is NULL seteuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note unstandardized behavior for effective ID POSIX.1 doesn't require that the effective ID can be changed to the same value it currently has (a no-op). The man page should note this, since some other implementations don't permit it. setgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix EPERM error description s/effective group ID/real group ID/ This bug lived in man pages for 15 years before Jason spotted it! I checked back in Linux 1.0, and the behavior was as the fixed man page describes. setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on POSIX.1 specification for these syscalls setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty statement that seteuid() is not in POSIX See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=569812 stime.2 strftime.3 tzset.3 zic.8 Michael Witten GMT -> UTC (where appropriate) sync_file_range.2 Christoph Hellwig Add some big warnings re data integrity This system call is by design completely unsuitable for any data integrity operations. Make that very clear in the manpage. CPU_SET.3 Vlastimil Babka SYNOPSIS: Fix return types for CPU_COUNT_*() These functions return 'int' not void'. confstr.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macro requirements daemon.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix description of 'nochdir' argument. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819 gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk Document feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror() Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE, or _GNU_SOURCE is required. getline.3 Michael Kerrisk Update to reflect that these functions were standardized in POSIX.1-2008 getnameinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Document feature test macros requirements for NI_MAXHOST and NI_MAXSERV Since glibc 2.8, one of _BSD_SOURCE, _SVID_SOURCE, or _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to obtain these definitions. getopt.3 Jonathan Nieder Fix feature test macro requirements memchr.3 Michael Kerrisk Add feature text macro requirements for memrchr() nextafter.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix notable error in DESCRIPTION. "less than y" should be "less than x". popen.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macro requirements pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 Denis Barbier Argument name is 'attr' not 'thread' The function argument was misnamed in the DESCRIPTION on these three pages. rtnetlink.3 Michael Kerrisk Various fixes in example code Edward reported a problem in the example code, where a variable seems to be misnamed. Upon inspection, there seem to be a few such instances, and this patch is my best guess at how things should look. sched_getcpu.3 Michael Kerrisk Place correct header file in SYNOPSIS sleep.3 Bill O. Gallmeister sleep() puts calling *thread* to sleep (not calling *process*) sleep.3 Bill O. Gallmeister Add nanosleep(2) to SEE ALSO strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk %z is defined in SUSv3 So, substitute "GNU" tag in man page by "SU". strftime.3 Michael Witten Move 822-compliant date format example to EXAMPLES section The RFC 822-compliant date format given in the description of `%z' is now moved to the `EXAMPLES' section (note: `EXAMPLE' has been renamed `EXAMPLES'). Furthermore, that format example is now actually RFC 822-compliant (using `%y' instead of `%Y') and has been qualified as being correct only when in the context of at least an English locale. Also, `%T' is used in place of `%H:%M:%S'. For completeness, an RFC 2822-compliant format example has been similarly added. strftime.3 Michael Witten Expand introductory text strftime.3 Michael Witten Clarification of %z specifier string.3 Mark Hills Add stpcpy() to this list of string functions strptime.3 Michael Kerrisk Initialize tm structure in example program undocumented.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove pages now documented By now, the following are documented: fopencookie(3) freeifaddrs(3) rawmemchr(3) readdir_r(3) getutmp(3) getutmpx(3) utmpxname(3) http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=554819 group.5 Michael Kerrisk s/passwd/password/ The page inconsistently used "passwd" and "password" to refer to the same field. capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Update securebits discussion to use SECBIT_* flags feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE Since glibc 2.10, _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200808 defines _ATFILE_SOURCE path_resolution.7 Michael Kerrisk Add readlink(2) to SEE ALSO Michael Kerrisk Fix NAME line The poorly constructed part preceding "\-" causes apropos not to be able to find the subject. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=558300 signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of SIGUNUSED Clarify that this signal really is synonymous with SIGSYS. See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14449 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.25 ==================== Released: 2010-06-20, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander E. Patrakov Andi Kleen Andrew Klossner André Goddard Rosa Bo Borgerson Christian Franke Daisuke HATAYAMA David Sommerseth Denis Barbier Eric Blake Fang Wenqi Francesco Cosoleto Gernot Tenchio Hugh Dickins Ivana Hutarova Varekova Jan Blunck Jan Engelhardt Jan Kara Jeff Barry Manfred Schwarb Mark Hills Martin (Joey) Schulze Michael Kerrisk Mihai Paraschivescu Mike Frysinger Miklos Szeredi Petr Baudis Petr Gajdos Petr Uzel Pierre Habouzit Reuben Thomas Rob Landley Robert Wohlrab Serge E. Hallyn Tolga Dalman Tom Swigg Walter Harms Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- migrate_pages.2 Andi Kleen New page documenting migrate_pages(2). Andi's text based on the move_pages.2 page; additional edits by mtk. migrate_pages(2) was new in Linux 2.6.16. quotactl.2 Jan Kara Major updates Update the page to consolidate information from the outdated man-pages quotactl.2 page and the quotactl.2 page in the "quota-tools" package. The page in "quota-tools" has now been dropped by Jan Kara, so that there is just one canonical quotactl.2 page (in pan-pages). Michael Kerrisk Various other pieces added to the page by mtk. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Document F_SETPIPE_SZ and F_GETPIPE_SZ These commands, new in kernel 2.6.35, set and get the capacity of pipes. madvise.2 Andi Kleen Document MADV_HWPOISON Michael Kerrisk Added documentation of MADV_MERGEABLE and MADV_UNMERGEABLE These flags (used for Kernel Samepage Merging, KSM) are new in 2.6.32. Andi Kleen Document MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE This operation was added in Linux 2.6.33. mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Document MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag New in Linux 2.6.33. prctl.2 Andi Kleen Document the hwpoison prctls in 2.6.32 sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk Document SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK New in Linux 2.6.32 umount.2 Michael Kerrisk Document UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW New in Linux 2.6.34. mkstemp.3 Michael Kerrisk Document mkstemps() and mkostemps() These functions are new in glibc 2.11. They allow the template string to include a suffix after the "XXXXXX" string. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill New in 2.6.32. Description based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt. Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_recovery New in Linux 2.6.32. Description based on the text in Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt. Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size socket.7 Jan Engelhardt Document SO_DOMAIN and SO_PROTOCOL These read-only socket options were new in Linux 2.6.32. New and changed links --------------------- fstatvfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Adjust link to point to Section 3 fstatvfs.3 statvfs.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to page relocated to Section 3 mkstemps.3 mkostemps.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to mkstemp.3 mkstemp.3 now describes mkstemps(3) and mkostemps(3). timer_create.2 timer_delete.2 timer_getoverrun.2 timer_settime.2 getline.3 Michael Kerrisk Add 'L' to constants in feature test macro specifications Be consistent with POSIX, which uses constants such as 200809L. Global changes -------------- open.2 sync_file_range.2 umount.2 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/filesystem/file system/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc 2.11 papers over the kernel F_GETOWN bug Since version 2.11, glibc works around the kernel limitation for process groups IDs < 4096 by implementing F_GETOWN via F_GETOWN_EX. futex.2 Michael Kerrisk Various fixes in SEE ALSO getpriority.2 nice.2 Francesco Cosoleto Move renice from section 8 to section 1 getrusage.2 Mark Hills Add ru_maxrss See kernel commit 1f10206. Mark Hills Description of maintained fields These descriptions are taken from NetBSD 5.0's getrusage(2). Michael Kerrisk Enhanced description of various fields mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/status VmLck shows how much memory a process has locked After a note from Tom Swigg, it seems sensible mention VmLck here. mount.2 Petr Uzel Fix incorrect path move_pages.2 Andi Kleen Clarify includes/libraries mremap.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify existence of fifth argument. msgctl.2 semctl.2 shmctl.2 Francesco Cosoleto Move ipcs from section 8 to section 1 open.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove ambiguity in text on NFS and O_EXCL. poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of ppoll() timeout argument 1. Rename ppoll)(_ argument to "timeout_ts" to distinguish it from the poll() argument in the text. 2. More accurately describe the poll() call that is equivalent to ppoll(). posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Add sync_file_range(2) under SEE ALSO prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct PR_SET_KEEPCAPS description The "keep capabilities" flag only affects the treatment of permitted capabilities, not effective capabilities. Also: other improvements to make the PR_SET_KEEPCAPS text clearer. select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix bug in example program sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Add TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT to si_code values for SIGTRAP Michael Kerrisk Rearrange text describing fields set by sigqueue(2) Michael Kerrisk Add details for signals sent by POSIX message queue notifications Michael Kerrisk Improve description of various siginfo_t fields Michael Kerrisk Add some details for SIGTRAP and si_trapno Andi Kleen Document hwpoison signal extensions statfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Bring statfs struct type declarations closer to glibc reality Fang Wenqi Add definition EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC = 0xEF53 Michael Kerrisk Document f_frsize field. statvfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Move this page to section 3 (since it's a library call) swapon.2 Ivana Hutarova Varekova Note effect of CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE on MAX_SWAPFILES From 2.6.32, MAX_SWAPFILES is decreased by 1 if the kernel is built with CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Bring system call list up to date with Linux 2.6.33 Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel version number for utimes() cproj.3 Michael Kerrisk Note fix for C99 conformance in glibc 2.12. crypt.3 Petr Baudis Correct note on key portion significance As Marcel Moreaux notes: The Linux manpage for crypt()[1] contains the following statement as the last sentence of the NOTES section: In the SHA implementation the entire key is significant (instead of only the first 8 bytes in MD5). It should probably say "DES" where it says "MD5" (and maybe "MD5/SHA" where it says "SHA"), because in MD5 password hashing, the entire key is significant, not just the first 8 bytes. This patch fixes the wording. fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Bug fix in example program ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that if 'fn' changes CWD, the results are undefined Michael Kerrisk Clarify description of fpath argument As reported by Pierre Habouzit, 'fpath' is not relative to 'dirpath'. It is either relative to the calling process's current working directory (if 'dirpath' was relative), or it is absolute (if 'dirpath' was absolute). getaddrinfo.3 Christian Franke Fix a field name mixup: s/ai_family/ai_flags/ getline.3 Robert Wohlrab Remove unneeded check before free() The manpage of getline shows an example with an extra NULL pointer check before it calls free. This is unneeded according to free(3): If ptr is NULL, no operation is performed. This patch removes the "if" check. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572508 log.3 log10.3 log2.3 Jan Engelhardt Add cross-references to other-base logarithmic functions opendir.3 Petr Baudis Specify feature test macro requirements for fdopendir(3) Currently, there is no note on the fact that fdopendir() is POSIX.2008-only. openpty.3 Eric Blake Use const as appropriate Michael Kerrisk Note glibc version that added "const" to function arguments Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note that these functions are not in POSIX resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix declaration of dn_comp() in SYNOPSIS Remove the second 'exp_dn' from the calling signature. termios.3 Michael Kerrisk Change NOFLSH text to speak of characters, not signals core.5 Michael Kerrisk Update description of coredump_filter Kernel 2.6.24 added MMF_DUMP_ELF_HEADERS. Kernel 2.6.28 added MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_HUGETLB_SHARED. elf.5 Daisuke HATAYAMA Document PN_XNUM extension In linux-2.6.34-rc1, an ELF core extension was added; user-land tools manipulating ELF core dump such as gdb and binutils has already been modified before; so elf.5 needs to be modified accordingly. You can follow information on the ELF extension via the LKML post: http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/1/3/103 Date Mon, 04 Jan 2010 10:06:07 +0900 (JST) Subject ... elf coredump: Add extended numbering support This Linux-specific extension was added in kernel 2.6.34. Reviewed-by: Petr Baudis Michael Kerrisk Remove EI_BRAND As reported by Yuri Kozlov and confirmed by Mike Frysinger, EI_BRAND is not in GABI (http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html) It looks to be a BSDism Michael Kerrisk Remove words under '.note': "described below" The existing text is broken, because there is no '"Note Section" format' describe below. Simplest solution is to remove the words "described below". filesystems.5 Jeff Barry Add discussion of ntfs and ext4 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Simplify description of /proc/sys and /proc/sys/fs In the description of these directories, there's no need to list all the files and subdirectories that they contain; that information is provided by the entries that follow. services.5 Yuri Kozlov Remove crufty reference to nonexistent BUGS section capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Document CAP_SYS_RESOURCE and F_SETPIPE_SZ With CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, a process can increase pipe capacity above /proc/sys/ps/pipe-max-size. Michael Kerrisk Add get_robust_list() info under CAP_SYS_PTRACE Michael Kerrisk Add MADV_HWPOISON under CAP_SYS_ADMIN signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Make a clearer statement about nonportable aspect of signal(2) Make a clearer statement that signal(2) is less portable for establishing a signal handler. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Use consistent language to describe read-only socket options udp.7 Michael Kerrisk Add FIONREAD warning. Warn that FIONREAD can't distinguish case of a zero-length datagram from the case where no datagrams are available. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.26 ==================== Released: 2010-09-04, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Shishkin Brian Sutin Denis Barbier Guillem Jover Jianhua Li Linus Nilsson Lenaic Huard Mac Martin Schulze Maxin John Michael Kerrisk Nicholas Hunt Peng Haitao Peter Stuge Przemyslaw Szczepaniak Scott Walls TAN Yee Fan Wu Fengguang Yitzchak Gale Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EFD_SEMAPHORE Document the EFD_SEMAPHORE flag, added in kernel 2.6.30. Also restructured some parts of the text to fit with the addition of the EFD_SEMAPHORE text. Global changes -------------- getaddrinfo.3 getipnodebyname.3 st.4 Michael Kerrisk s/logical OR/bitwise OR/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of return value when interrupted by a signal epoll_ctl.2 Yuri Kozlov Small fix to types in data structures eventfd.2 Alexander Shishkin Clarified close-on-exec behavior madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve discussion of MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE mkdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Add EMLINK error to ERRORS mq_getsetattr.2 mq_close.3 mq_getattr.3 mq_notify.3 mq_send.3 mq_unlink.3 Lnac Huard Fix return type in SYNOPSIS (s/mqd_t/int/) recv.2 send.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove obsolete reference to glibc version in NOTES recv.2 send.2 Nicholas Hunt Adjust type shown for msg_controllen to glibc reality This patch fixes the type of msg_controllen in the struct msghdr definition given in send.2 and recv.2 to match the definition in glibc and the kernel. select.2 Michael Kerrisk Update NOTES on old glibc pselect() Make it clear that modern glibc uses the kernel pselect() on systems where it is available. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14411 statfs.2 Guillem Jover Fix copy & paste error for __SWORD_TYPE definition sysfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that this syscall is obsolete. And strengthen recommendation to use /proc/filesystems instead. write.2 Michael Kerrisk Add EDESTADDRREQ error a64l.3 Peng Haitao Fix error in NOTES, s/a64l/l64a/ error.3 Linus Nilsson Change "perror" to "strerror" in DESCRIPTION of error() mq_send.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix EAGAIN description (s/empty/full) initrd.4 Yuri Kozlov Fix IP address in explanation of NFS example tzfile.5 Michael Kerrisk Add information on version 2 format timezone files Updated using information from the tzcode 2010l release at ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub. (It's an open question whether or not a version of tzfile.5 should live independently in man-pages. It was added to the man-pages set many years ago. For now, I'll follow a conservative course that causes least pain to downstream, by continuing to maintain a separate copy in man-pages.) See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=594219 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.27 ==================== Released: 2010-09-22, Nuernberg Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: caishuxian Denis Barbier Denis Silakov der Mouse Jan Kratochvil Jim Belton Jiri Olsa KOSAKI Motohiro Mark Hills Matthew Flaschen Michael Kerrisk Ozgur Gurcan Petr Baudis Remi Denis-Courmont Tanaka Akira Tim Stoakes W. Trevor King Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- sigevent.7 Petr Baudis, Michael Kerrisk New page to centralize description of sigevent structure Several interfaces use this structure. Best to centralize the common details in one place. Content taken from the existing timerfd_create.2 and mq_open.3 pages, with additions by Petr Baudis and Michael Kerrisk. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- ip.7 Jiri Olsa Document IP_NODEFRAG This option is new in Linux 2.6.36 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Document SIOCINQ ioctl() operation Global changes -------------- _exit.2 brk.2 chdir.2 chmod.2 chown.2 chroot.2 clock_nanosleep.2 getdtablesize.2 gethostname.2 getpagesize.2 getsid.2 killpg.2 mknod.2 mknodat.2 posix_fadvise.2 pread.2 readlink.2 setpgid.2 setreuid.2 sigaltstack.2 stat.2 symlink.2 sync.2 truncate.2 vfork.2 wait.2 wait4.2 a64l.3 abs.3 acos.3 acosh.3 asin.3 asinh.3 atan.3 atan2.3 atanh.3 atoi.3 cbrt.3 ceil.3 clock_getcpuclockid.3 copysign.3 cos.3 cosh.3 dirfd.3 div.3 dprintf.3 ecvt.3 erf.3 erfc.3 exp.3 exp2.3 expm1.3 fabs.3 fdim.3 fexecve.3 ffs.3 floor.3 fma.3 fmax.3 fmemopen.3 fmin.3 fmod.3 fpclassify.3 frexp.3 fwide.3 gamma.3 gcvt.3 getcwd.3 getdate.3 getgrent.3 gethostid.3 getpass.3 getpwent.3 getsubopt.3 getw.3 hypot.3 ilogb.3 insque.3 isalpha.3 isgreater.3 iswblank.3 j0.3 j0.3 ldexp.3 lockf.3 log.3 log10.3 log1p.3 log2.3 logb.3 lrint.3 lround.3 mbsnrtowcs.3 mkdtemp.3 mkstemp.3 mktemp.3 modf.3 mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 nan.3 nextafter.3 posix_fallocate.3 posix_memalign.3 pow.3 printf.3 qecvt.3 random.3 realpath.3 remainder.3 remquo.3 rint.3 rint.3 round.3 scalb.3 scalbln.3 scanf.3 siginterrupt.3 signbit.3 sigset.3 sin.3 sinh.3 sqrt.3 stpcpy.3 stpncpy.3 strdup.3 strdup.3 strnlen.3 strsignal.3 strtod.3 strtol.3 strtoul.3 tan.3 tanh.3 tgamma.3 trunc.3 ttyslot.3 ualarm.3 usleep.3 wcpcpy.3 wcpncpy.3 wcscasecmp.3 wcsdup.3 wcsncasecmp.3 wcsnlen.3 wcsnrtombs.3 wprintf.3 Michael Kerrisk Add/fix/update feature test macro requirements in SYNOPSIS Various changes to: * Update feature test requirements to note changes in recent glibc releases * Correct errors in feature test macro requirements * Add feature test macro requirements to pages where the requirements were not previously stated. accept.2 clone.2 dup.2 fallocate.2 pipe.2 readahead.2 sched_setaffinity.2 unshare.2 CPU_SET.3 endian.3 euidaccess.3 fexecve.3 getpt.3 getpw.3 getumask.3 getutmp.3 gnu_get_libc_version.3 makedev.3 matherr.3 mbsnrtowcs.3 memfrob.3 pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_getattr_np.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_tryjoin_np.3 tcgetsid.3 wcscasecmp.3 wcsncasecmp.3 wcsnlen.3 wcsnrtombs.3 wcswidth.3 rtld-audit.7 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) These pages specify feature test macros in the function prototypes. Add a reference to feature_test_macros(7), so that readers are pointed to the information that feature test macros must be defined before including *any* header file. clock_nanosleep.2 clock_getcpuclockid.3 getnetent_r.3 getprotoent_r.3 getrpcent_r.3 getservent_r.3 sigwait.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: Note that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS fcntl.2 intro.2 open.2 poll.2 ftw.3 intro.3 matherr.3 system.3 tmpnam.3 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that feature test macros must be defined before *any* includes Programmers often make the mistake of including a feature test macro only after having already included some header files. This patch adds some text at opportune places to remind programmers to do things the right way. index.3 stpcpy.3 strcasecmp.3 strcat.3 strchr.3 strcmp.3 strcoll.3 strcpy.3 strdup.3 strfry.3 strpbrk.3 strsep.3 strspn.3 strstr.3 strtok.3 strxfrm.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add reference to string(3) The idea here is to provide a route to discover other string functions. armscii-8.7 cp1251.7 iso_8859-3.7 iso_8859-5.7 iso_8859-6.7 iso_8859-8.7 iso_8859-10.7 iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 iso_8859-14.7 koi8-u.7 Denis Barbier Fix decimal values in encoding tables Octal and hexadecimal values are right, but there are some off-by one errors in decimal values. Correct values are printed by this command: perl -pi -e 'if (s/^([0-7]+)\t([0-9]+)\t([0-9a-fA-F]+)//) {printf "%03o\t%d\t%s", hex($3), hex($3), $3;};' man7/*.7 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Remove unneeded "undef _POSIX_SOURCE" fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements for F_GETOWN and F_SETOWN fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements for F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Document units for RLIMIT_RTTIME limit This limit is in microseconds http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=596492 lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk Removed note about return type on ancient systems mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Definitions of various MS_* constants only appeared in glibc 2.12 See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11235 stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Update information on nanosecond timestamp fields Update feature test macro requirements for exposing these fields. Note that these fields are specified in POSIX.1-2008. timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page aio_fsync.3 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to new sigevent(7) page atanh.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6759 was resolved. cerf.3 Michael Kerrisk Make it clearer that this function is unimplemented cos.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6780 was (silently) resolved. expm1.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a range error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6788 was (silently) resolved. fmod.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to EDOM for the x==inf domain error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6784 was (silently) resolved. insque.3 Michael Kerrisk Noted prev == NULL bug in glibc 2.4 and earlier As noted by Remi Denis-Courmont, glibc nowadays allows 'prev' to be NULL, as required by POSIX for initializing a linear list. But in glibc 2.4 and earlier, 'prev' could not be NULL. Add a BUGS section noting this. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=551201 Michael Kerrisk Added info on circular lists, and initializing circular lists Michael Kerrisk Added example program lgamma.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.10 fixed pole error bug http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6777 was (silently) resolved. log2.3 Matthew Flaschen log2() function does not conform to C89 log2(), log2f(), and log2l() do not conform to C89. They are defined in C99. See http://flash-gordon.me.uk/ansi.c.txt and http://www.schweikhardt.net/identifiers.html mq_notify.3 Michael Kerrisk Factor out generic material that was moved to new sigevent(7) page pow.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to ERANGE on a pole error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6776 was (silently) resolved. pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Note meaning of "_np" suffix rand.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify description of range of returned value Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk Expand description of rand_r() random.3 W. Trevor King Update initstate() return value description to match glibc readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS rexec.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Add header file and feature test macro requirements sigpause.3 Michael Kerrisk Correct discussion of when BSD vs SysV version is used in glibc sin.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6781 was (silently) resolved. tan.3 Michael Kerrisk errno is now correctly set to EDOM on a domain error http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6782 was (silently) resolved. wcscasecmp.3 wcsncasecmp.3 wcsnlen.3 Michael Kerrisk Added VERSIONS section boot.7 Yuri Kozlov Update list of major Linux distributions feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Make text on required placement of macros more prominent Move the text that notes the requirement that feature test macros must be defined before including any header files to the top of the page, and highlight the text further, so that the reader will not miss this point. pthreads.7 signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Add SEE ALSO reference to new sigevent(7) page tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify header file details for SIOCINQ and SIOCOUTQ Also note synonymous FIONREAD and TIOCOUTQ. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.28 ==================== Released: 2010-10-04, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andries E. Brouwer Denis Barbier Jan Kara Landijk Lennart Poettering Michael Haardt Michael Kerrisk Petr Baudis Sam Varshavchik Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getaddrinfo_a.3 Petr Baudis New page documenting getaddrinfo_a() The page also documents gai_suspend(), gai_cancel(), and gai_error(). aio.7 Michael Kerrisk New page providing an overview of POSIX asynchronous I/O Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- exec.3 Michael Kerrisk Document execvpe() This function was added to glibc in version 2.11. Also various other small rewrites in the page. New and changed links --------------------- gai_cancel.3 gai_error.3 gai_suspend.3 Petr Baudis New links to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page error_one_per_line.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix misnamed link file (was error_on_per_line.3) execvpe.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to exec.3 sigstack.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to sigaltstack.2 No new programs should use sigstack(3). Point the user to the better sigaltstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3). vlimit.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to getrlimit.2 No new programs should use vlimit(3). Point the user to the better setrlimit(2), whose man page briefly mentions vlimit(3). vtimes.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to getrusage.2 No new programs should use vtimes(3). Point the user to the better getrusage(2), whose man page briefly mentions vtimes(3). Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Switch to American usage: "-wards" ==> "-ward" American English uses "afterward" in preference to "afterwards", and so on chdir.2 chmod.2 chown.2 gethostname.2 getsid.2 pread.2 setpgid.2 sigaltstack.2 stat.2 truncate.2 wait.2 dirfd.3 getsubopt.3 mkdtemp.3 mkstemp.3 siginterrupt.3 strdup.3 Michael Kerrisk Simplify feature test macro requirements Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of the ancient vlimit() function getrusage.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of the ancient vtimes() function io_cancel.2 io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_submit.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add aio(7) sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: note that NULL 'param' yields EINVAL stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements for blkcnt_t and blksize_t timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct and simplify ftruncate() feature test macro requirements The glibc 2.12 feature test macro requirements for ftruncate() are buggy; see http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12037. Corrected the requirements in the SYNOPSIS, and added a BUGS section describing the problem in glibc 2.12. aio_cancel.3 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to aio(7) for example program Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_error.3 Michael Kerrisk Wording improvements in RETURN VALUE Add pointer to aio(7) for example program Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_fsync.3 Michael Kerrisk Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_read.3 Michael Kerrisk Various minor rewordings and additions Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion Add pointer to aio(7) for example program Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_return.3 Michael Kerrisk Improve description in RETURN VALUE Add pointer to aio(7) for example program Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_suspend.3 Michael Kerrisk Various additions and rewordings. Give some arguments more meaningful names. More explicitly describe the 'nitems' argument. Explicitly note that return is immediate if an I/O operation has already completed. Note that aio_error(3) should be used to scan the aiocb list after a successful return. Add references to other relevant pages. Various other pieces rewritten. Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section aio_write.3 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to sigevent(7) for details of notification of I/O completion Various minor rewordings and additions Refer the reader to aio(7) for a description of the aiocb structure CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008; add VERSIONS section clearenv.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix error in feature test macro requirements dysize.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty statement about old SCO bug exec.3 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements for execvpe() Rewrite description of PATH and mention _CS_PATH Note execvp() and execlp() behavior for filename containing a slash getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix formatting of feature test macros getw.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macros malloc.3 Landijk Remove editorializing comments on memory overcommitting See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19332 Michael Kerrisk Various minor reorganizations and wording fix-ups mq_notify.3 Michael Kerrisk Standardize on name 'sevp' for sigevent argument nl_langinfo.3 Michael Haardt Make it clear that nl_langinfo() interacts with setlocale() Add an example program posix_openpt.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macro requirements rand.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove duplicate #include in example program strtok.3 Petr Baudis Add reference to strtok() example in getaddrinfo(3) inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Added section noting limitations and caveats of inotify sigevent.7 Michael Kerrisk Add SEE ALSO reference to new getaddrinfo_a.3 page Add SEE ALSO referring to new aio(7) page suffixes.7 Michael Kerrisk Change explanation of ".rpm" to "RPM software package" ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.29 ==================== Released: 2010-10-19, Detroit Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Balazs Scheidler David Prevot Denis Barbier Guillem Jover Ivana Varekova Lennart Poettering Michael Kerrisk Sam Varshavchik Simon Paillard Stephan Mueller Thomas Jarosch Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- subpage_prot.2 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot(2) aio_init.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting aio_init(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the architecture-specific arm_fadvise64_64() system call This ARM-specific system call fixes the argument ordering for that architecture. Since Linux 2.6.14. sync_file_range.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the architecture-specific sync_file_range2() system call As described in commit edd5cd4a9424f22b0fa08bef5e299d41befd5622, the sync_file_range() argument order is broken for some architectures (PowerPC, ARM, tile). The remedy was a different system call using the right argument order on those architectures. psignal.3 Guillem Jover Document psiginfo() psiginfo() was added to glibc in version 2.10. Michael Kerrisk Add details, VERSIONS, and BUGS for psiginfo() ip.7 Balazs Scheidler Document IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR Document IP_TRANSPARENT Michael Kerrisk Document IP_FREEBIND Text based on input from Lennart Poettering and Balazs Scheidler. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20082 New and changed links --------------------- arm_fadvise64_64.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to posix_fadvise.2 arm_sync_file_range.2, sync_file_range2.2 Michael Kerrisk New links to sync_file_range.2 arrm_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to posix_fadvise.2 psiginfo.3 Guillem Jover New link to psignal.3 Global changes -------------- Many pages Michael Kerrisk global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/ The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix" versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/pseudo-terminal/pseudoterminal/ grantpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/pty/pseudoterminal/ recv.2, cmsg.3, unix.7 Michael Kerrisk global fix: s/UNIX socket/UNIX domain socket/ fmtmsg.3, gethostbyname.3, termios.3 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/Unixware/UnixWare/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- inotify_rm_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: fix type of 'wd' argument posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite VERSIONS, noting that the system call is fadvise64() syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add the PowerPC-specific subpage_prot() system call Add sync_file_range2() truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macros aio_cancel.3 aio_error.3 aio_fsync.3 aio_read.3 aio_return.3 aio_suspend.3 aio_write.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add lio_listio(3) gai_cancel.3 gai_error.3 gai_suspend.3 Michael Kerrisk Make these into links In the previous release, these files were accidentally made copies of getaddrinfo_a.3, instead of being made as link files. getifaddrs.3 Thomas Jarosch Prevent possible NULL pointer access in example program malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Emphasize that malloc() and realloc() do not initialize allocated memory malloc_hook.3 Ivana Varekova Warn that these functions are deprecated strcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Formatting fixes in strncpy() example implementation code ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Reword NOTES on Linux-specific options sigevent.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add aio_read(3), aio_write(3), and lio_listio(3) unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Document the autobind feature Michael Kerrisk Fix description of abstract socket names As reported by Lennart Poettering: The part about "abstract" sockets is misleading as it suggests that the sockaddr returned by getsockname() would necessarily have the size of sizeof(struct sockaddr), which however is not the case: getsockname() returns exactly the sockaddr size that was passed in on bind(). In particular, two sockets that are bound to the same sockaddr but different sizes are completely independent. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812 Michael Kerrisk Fix description of "pathname" sockets As reported by Lennart Poettering: The part about "pathname" sockets suggests usage of sizeof(sa_family_t) + strlen(sun_path) + 1 for calculating the sockaddr size. Due to alignment/padding this is probably not a good idea. Instead, one should use offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen() + 1 or something like that. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=19812 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.30 ==================== Released: 2010-11-01, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Bernhard Walle David Prevot Eric W. Biederman Florian Lehmann Jan Engelhardt Lucian Adrian Grijincu Michael Kerrisk Paul Mackerras Pádraig Brady Reuben Thomas scarlettsp Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- kexec_load.2 Andi Kleen New page documenting kexec_load(2) Michael Kerrisk Add license Michael Kerrisk Incorporate fixes from Eric W. Biederman Eric noted that a few instances of "virtual" should be "physical" and noted: There is an expectation that at hand off from sys_kexec that virtual and physical addresses will be identity mapped. But this isn't the old Alpha booting convention where you have a virtual address and then you have to parse the page table to figure out where your kernel was actually loaded. Michael Kerrisk Additions and edits by mtk Various wording and layout improvements. Fixed the name of a constant: s/KEXEC_ARCH_I386/KEXEC_ARCH_386/. Added RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections. Added VERSIONS section Note that CONFIG_KEXEC is needed Removed details of using syscall; the reader can find them in syscall(2). Added some details for KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT. Revised the text mentioning the kernel header, since it is not yet exported, and it's not certain that it will be. lio_listio.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting lio_listio(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- reboot.2 Andi Kleen Document LINUX_REBOOT_KEXEC Some fix-ups by Michael Kerrisk Michael Kerrisk Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order. unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWIPC Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWNET Lucian Adrian Grijincu Improve description of CLONE_NEWNET CLONE_NEWNET creates a new network namespace from scratch. You don't have anything from the old network namespace in the new one. Even the loopback device is new. Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_SYSVSEM Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWUTS Michael Kerrisk Relocate discussion of CAP_SYS_ADMIN to CLONE_NEWNS section And rewrite the EPERM description to be more general in preparation for the new flags to be documented. Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) Some pages simply list feature test macro requirements in the form: #define #GNU_SOURCE #include For these pages, add a "See feature_test_macros(7)" comment on the "#define" line. Various pages Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Remove redundant reference to feature_test_macros(7) Various pages David Prevot Use greater consistency in NAME line (Remove definite article at start of descriptive clause.) Various pages Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Place entries in correct order Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Place entries in correct order Various pages Michael Kerrisk Add section number to references to functions documented in other pages Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant section number in page references Remove section number in function references that are for functions documented on this page. armscii-8.7 iso_8859-3.7 iso_8859-4.7 iso_8859-5.7 iso_8859-6.7 iso_8859-10.7 iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 iso_8859-14.7 koi8-u.7 David Prevot Capitalize hexadecimal numbers Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 Michael Kerrisk Note use of faccessat(2) for checking symbolic link permissions Michael Kerrisk Give an example of a safer alternative to using access() clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify when CLONE_NEWNET implementation was completed faccessat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that faccessat() is racy fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: Improve description of F_GETFD and F_GETFL inotify_add_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk Document ENOENT error mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve wording describing /proc/PID/status /VmLck field Michael Kerrisk shmctl() SHM_LOCKed memory is not included in VmLck reboot.2 Michael Kerrisk Place 'cmd' values in alphabetical order subpage_prot.2 Michael Kerrisk Change 1-line page description Michael Kerrisk Improvements after review by Paul Mackerras timer_settime.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant SEE ALSO reference euidaccess.3 Michael Kerrisk Note the use of faccessat(2) to operate on symbolic links Michael Kerrisk Note that the use of euidaccess() is racy fenv.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording relating to glibc version getgrent.3 getgrent_r.3 getgrnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader for group(5) for more info on group structure getopt.3 Bernhard Walle Use constants in getopt_long() example The description of getopt_long() mentions the constants required_argument, no_argument and optional_argument. Use them in the example to make the code easier to understand. getpw.3 Michael Kerrisk Change comment describing pw_gecos getpw.3 getpwent.3 getpwent_r.3 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to passwd(5) for more info on the passwd structure getpwent.3 getpwnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that pw_gecos is not in POSIX And change the comment describing this field getpwent_r.3 Michael Kerrisk Change comment describing pw_gecos getpwnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Some rewording and restructuring sched_getcpu.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macro requirements strnlen.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix feature test macro requirements group.5 Michael Kerrisk Various minor rewordings hosts.5 protocols.5 spufs.7 termio.7 David Prevot Remove definite article from NAME section Please find inline another tiny patch in order to shrink the definite article from some other pages (found with "rgrep -i ' \\\- the' man*"). passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk Various minor rewordings proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to mlock(2) for further info on /proc/PID/status VmLck armscii-8.7 David Prevot Write the character set name as ArmSCII cp1251.7 David Prevot Capitalize hexadecimal numbers ip.7 David Prevot Fix name of socket option: s/IP_TTL/IP_TRANSPARENT/ David Prevot Place socket options in alphabetical order koi8-r.7 David Prevot Fix special character names Comparing to koi8-u.7, I noticed some inconsistencies in special character names. After checking with the following Unicode related pages, please find inline (and gzipped attached, hopefully not messing with encoding), a patch in order to make it right, on an Unicode point of view. http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2500.pdf http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U25A0.pdf http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf David Prevot Fix SEE ALSO reference and letter names The koi8-r(7) (Russian Net Character Set) manual page refers to iso-8859-7(7) manual page, which is the Latin/Greek one. I guess it should refer instead to the iso-8859-5(7) (Latin/Cyrillic) one. This is addressed at the end of the patch. It has also been spotted that letter names are different in this manual page and in the Unicode related page [0], the first part of the page address this. 0: http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0400.pdf man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Update example The old example used the chmod(2) man page, but the feature test macro requirements on that page had changed. Update to use an example from a different page (acct(2), whose feature test macro requirements are probably unlikely to change in the future). ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.31 ==================== Released: 2010-11-12, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen David Prevot Denis Barbier Krzysztof Żelechowski Michael Kerrisk Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Added documentation of prlimit() prlimit() is new in kernel 2.6.36. inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Document IN_EXCL_UNLINK This flag was added in Linux 2.6.36. See kernel commit 8c1934c8d70b22ca8333b216aec6c7d09fdbd6a6. New and changed links --------------------- prlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to getrlimit.2 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded text in DESCRIPTION intro.2 Michael Kerrisk Added various pages to SEE ALSO kexec_load.2 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version where KEXEC_PRESERVE_CONTEXT first appeared Added kernel version number where KEXEC_ON_CRASH first appeared Fix copyright Make copyright in the name of Intel corporation VERSIONS: Fix version number kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7. migrate_pages.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add reference to Documentation/vm/page_migration sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Add missing word "real" to "user ID" syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel version number for kexec_load kexec_load() was first implemented in 2.6.13, though the entry in the system call table was reserved starting in 2.6.7. Michael Kerrisk Add prlimit() to list intro.3 Michael Kerrisk Added various pages to SEE ALSO printf.3 Michael Kerrisk Formatting fixes in example code hostname.7 Michael Kerrisk Small improvement to description of domains See: https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=651900 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.32 ==================== Released: 2010-12-03, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: A. Costa Denis Barbier Emil Mikulic Eugene Kapun Hugh Dickins Ivana Hutarova Varekova Joern Heissler Lars Wirzenius Martin Eberhard Schauer Michael Kerrisk Petr Uzel Roger Pate Török Edwin Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_sigqueue() pthread_sigqueue() is new in glibc 2.11 (requires a kernel with rt_tgsigqueinfo(), added in Linux 2.6.31). Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Add documentation of preadv() and pwritev() The preadv() and pwritev() system calls were added in Linux 2.6.30. New and changed links --------------------- preadv.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to readv.2 pwritev.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to readv.2 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- chdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant and incorrect info on FTMs from NOTES chown.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 clock_nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that clock_nanosleep() suspends the calling *thread* epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'size' argument must be greater than 0 See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23872 Michael Kerrisk Added VERSIONS section epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Added VERSIONS section epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Updated VERSIONS section fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on fcntl64() fstatat.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES on fstatat64(), the name of the underlying system call getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk Added notes on getdents64() getgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 getpagesize.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve description of getpagesize() Improve description of getpagesize() and relocate discussion of sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE). In part inspired by http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=537272 getresuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Add example program for prlimit() getuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 open.2 Ivana Hutarova Varekova O_EXCL can be used without O_CREAT for block devices Since Linux 2.6 there is a possibility to use O_EXCL without O_CREAT. See patch: http://lkml.org/lkml/2003/8/10/221. pread.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on pread64() and pwrite64() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23072 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add readv(3) readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Wording fix: readv() and writev() are system calls, not functions sendfile.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on sendfile64() setfsgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 setfsuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 setgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 setresuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES explaining 32-bit system calls added in Linux 2.4 sigqueue.2 pthreads.7 signal.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add pthread_sigqueue(3) stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix EOVERFLOW error description 2<<31 should read 1<<31 (which equals 2^31). statfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on statfs64() and fstatfs64() swapon.2 Hugh Dickins Document SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD and discarding of swap pages truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on truncate64() and ftruncate64() memcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Change "should not overlap" to "must not overlap" glibc 2.12 changed things so that applications that use memcpy() on overlapping regions will encounter problems. (The standards have long said that the behaviors is undefined if the memory areas overlap.) See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=603144 In reference of http://lwn.net/Articles/414467/ and http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/15278 usleep.3 Petr Uzel usleep() suspends calling thread, not process core.5 Michael Kerrisk Change single quote to double quote in shell session example The example section has a sample shell session containing: echo '|$PWD/core_pattern_pipe_test %p UID=%u GID=%g sig=%s' But $PWD won't be expanded in single quotes. It should be double quotes around the entire argument or some other form. pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Added description of async-cancel-safe functions unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Reworded the text of various errors Michael Kerrisk Added ENOENT error ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.33 ==================== Released: 2011-09-16, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akira Fujita Alexander Schuch Andries Brouwer Brian M. Carlson Dan Jacobson Folkert van Heusden Graham Gower Hendrik Jan Thomassen Jan Engelhardt Joey Adams Johannes Laire Jon Grant Josh Triplett Konstantin Ritt Luis Javier Merino Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Mikel Ward Nick Black Paul Evans Petr Pisar Przemyslaw Pawelczyk Regid Ichira Reuben Thomas Richard B. Kreckel Ryan Mullen Sebastian Geiger Sebastian Unger Seonghun Lim Serge E. Hallyn Simon Cross Simon Paillard Stan Sieler Timmy Lee Tolga Dalman Tomislav Jonjic Yuri Kozlov Wei Luosheng Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- sync.2 Michael Kerrisk Added new syncfs() system call syncfs() was added in Linux 2.6.39. New and changed links --------------------- syncfs.2 Michael Kerrisk New link for sync(2). Global changes -------------- Various pages Simon Paillard Global fix: properly escape minus sign Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that CLONE_STOPPED was removed in 2.6.38 execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Geiger] Note that the first argv[] value should contain name of executable fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] Note that F_GETFL also retrieves file access mode getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Mullen] Remove mention of kernel versions in discussion of RLIMIT_CPU Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] Fix example program and add _FILE_OFFSET_BITS requirement mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] Clarify EINVAL error See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?625747 Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] Simplify and correct text for EPERM error mprotect.2 Seonghun Lim Fix off-by-one error in a memory range Seonghun Lim Fix small bug in example program The description of the example program says that it makes the third page "read-only". Thus use PROT_READ instead of PROT_NONE. open.2 Folkert van Heusden Remove text describing O_CLOEXEC as Linux-specific O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008, as noted elsewhere in the page. readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson] SEE ALSO: Add readlink(1) sendfile.2 Akira Fujita Since 2.6.33, 'out_fd' can refer to any file type Linux kernel commit cc56f7de7f00d188c7c4da1e9861581853b9e92f meant sendfile(2) can work with any output file. Michael Kerrisk Shift text on falling back to read()/write() to NOTES Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] Remove mention of kernel version for 'in_fd' argument Tolga Dalman Add an explicit reference to splice(2) Unlike sendfile(), splice() can transfer data between a pair of sockets. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] Add a little info about ucontext_t stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Small rewording of ENAMETOOLONG error sync.2 Michael Kerrisk Some rewrites to description of sync() syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Added fanotify_init() and fanotify_mark() to syscall list Michael Kerrisk Added new 2.6.39 system calls Michael Kerrisk Updated for Linux 3.0 system calls Michael Kerrisk Update kernel version at head of syscall list Michael Kerrisk Update to mention 3.x kernel series syslog.2 Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] Update for kernel 2.6.37 changes Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict. Document CAP_SYSLOG. time.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Schuch] NOTES: Fix description of "Seconds since the Epoch" timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] Note behavior when timerfd_settime() old_value is NULL See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?641513 Tomislav Jonjic Fix small error in description of timerfd_settime() truncate.2 Seonghun Lim Remove redundant EINTR description unlink.2 Hendrik Jan Thomassen Improve EBUSY description cacos.3 cacosh.3 catan.3 catanh.3 Michael Kerrisk [Richard B. Kreckel, Andries Brouwer] Fix formula describing function The man pages for cacos(), cacosh(), catan(), catanh() contain incorrect formulae describing the functions. cacos.3 Michael Kerrisk Add example program cacosh.3 Michael Kerrisk Add example program cacosh.3 casinh.3 catan.3 catanh.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add reference to inverse function catan.3 Michael Kerrisk Add example program catanh.3 Michael Kerrisk Add example program ccos.3 ccosh.3 csin.3 csinh.3 ctan.3 ctanh.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO Add reference to "arc" inverse function cexp.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cexp(3) clog.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add reference to clog(2) crypt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] Fix header file and feature test macro requirements for crypt_r() err.3 Seonghun Lim Clean up description of error message source In the second paragraph of DESCRIPTION section, one of the sources of error messages is incorrect: the four functions obtain error message only from errno, and "a code" is just relevant with errc() and warnc(), which are not present on Linux. see http://www.unix.com/man-page/freebsd/3/ERR/ . Then, the third paragraph becomes a duplicate. fflush.3 Regid Ichira Fix wording error See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?614021 hsearch.3 Seonghun Lim Update ERRORS section EINVAL can occur for hdestroy_r(). EINVAL can't occur for hcreate(). Other minor fixes. lockf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mikel Ward] ERRORS: EBADF can also occur for nonwritable file descriptor As noted in the DESCRIPTION, the file descriptor must be writable in order to place a lock. malloc.3 Seonghun Lim Reorder prototypes in SYNOPSIS calloc() comes before realloc() in the other sections, so should do in SYNOPSIS, too. mbstowcs.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add reference to wcstombs(3) memcmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Unger] Clarify that comparison interprets bytes as "unsigned char" realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim] Fix EINVAL error Since glibc 2.3, resolved_path can be non-NULL (with the semantics already documented in the page). scandir(3) Mike Frysinger Add ENOENT/ENOTDIR errors siginterrupt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Luis Javier Merino] Remove misleading sentence about signal(2) and system call interruption strlen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] SEE ALSO: Add strnlen(3) strnlen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] CONFORMING TO: Note that strnlen() is in POSIX.1-2008 strtoul.3 Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] Fix NOTES section constants termios.3 Michael Kerrisk Use "terminal special characters" consistently throughout page Michael Kerrisk [Paul Evans] Add documentation of _POSIX_VDISABLE See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=627841 Michael Kerrisk Add a description of STATUS character Michael Kerrisk Added description of SWTCH character Michael Kerrisk Add names of terminal special characters Michael Kerrisk List terminal special characters in alphabetical order wcstombs.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) console_codes.4 Petr Pisar Add ESC [ 3 J Linux 3.0 (commit f8df13e0a901fe55631fed66562369b4dba40f8b) implements \E[3J to allow scrambling content of console including scroll-back buffer (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1125792). proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler] Add description of 'PPid' field of /proc/PID/status Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler] Add description of 'SigQ' field of /proc/PID/status capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] Document CAP_SYSLOG and related changes in Linux 2.6.37 Michael Kerrisk File capabilities are no longer optional Starting with Linux 2.6.33, the CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES has been removed, and file capabilities are always part of the kernel. complex.7 Michael Kerrisk Updated SEE ALSO list to include all complex math functions ipv6.7 Michael Kerrisk [Simon Cross] Fix description of address notation: "8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers" signal.7 Seonghun Lim Remove crufty repeated info about LinuxThreads unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to cmsg(3) for an example of the use of SCM_RIGHTS ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.34 ==================== Released: 2011-09-23, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alan Curry Benjamin Poirier Brian M. Carlson David Howells David Prévot Denis Barbier Doug Goldstein Eric Blake Guillem Jover Jon Grant Michael Kerrisk Neil Horman Paul Pluzhnikov Reuben Thomas Stefan Puiu Stephan Mueller Stephen Cameron Sunil Mushran Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- rt_sigqueueinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller] New page for rt_sigqueueinfo(2) and rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2) This replaces the previous '.so' man page link file for rt_sigqueueinfo.2, which linked to this sigqueue() man page. cciss.4 Stephen M. Cameron New man page for cciss driver I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence of having worked on the cciss driver for the past several years, and having written considerable portions of it. Michael Kerrisk Copyedit by mtk hpsa.4 Stephen M. Cameron New man page for the hpsa driver I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence of being the main author of the hpsa driver. Michael Kerrisk Copyedits my mtk Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fstatat.2 Michael Kerrisk [David Howells] Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38. lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran] Document SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA These flags, designed for discovering holes in a file, were added in Linux 3.1. Included comments from Eric Blake and Sunil Mushran. madvise.2 Doug Goldstein Add MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE Document the MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE flags added to madvise() in Linux 2.6.38. New and changed links --------------------- rt_tgsigqueueinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page sigqueue.2 Michael Kerrisk Create link to page that was relocated to section 3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Change reference to "sigqueue(2)" to "sigqueue(3)" Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EPERM and ESPIPE errors lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alan Curry, Reuben Thomas] Remove suspect note about 'whence' being incorrect English prctl.2 Paul Pluzhnikov PR_SET_DUMPABLE makes process non-ptrace-attachable readlink.2 Guillem Jover Document using st_size to allocate the buffer Michael Kerrisk Added copyright text + changelog note for Guillem Jover's patch sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk Document 2.6.39 changes to rules governing changes from SCHED_IDLE policy Since Linux 2.6.39, unprivileged processes under the SCHED_IDLE policy can switch to another nonrealtime policy if their nice value falls within the range permitted by their RLIMIT_NICE limit. tkill.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo (2) btowc.3, wctob.3 Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] Add pointers to better, thread-safe alternative functions See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=606899 fwide.3 Michael Kerrisk Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose prototype of this function. index.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Fix text mentioning terminating null pthread_sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk Replace explicit mention of rt_tgsigqueueinfo() with SEE ALSO reference sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk Move this page to section 3 Now that the underlying system call rt_sigqueueinfo(2) is properly documented, move sigqueue() to Section 3, since it is really a library function. Michael Kerrisk Update text in line with existence of new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page wcsnlen.3 Jon Grant Improve description of 'maxlen' argument It's worth clarifying 'maxlen' is in wide-char units, not bytes. wprintf.3 Michael Kerrisk Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose prototype of these functions. feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Document _ISOC95_SOURCE _ISOC95_SOURCE was added in glibc 2.12 as a means to expose C90 Amendment 1 definitions. ip.7 Benjamin Poirier [Neil Horman] Improve description of IP_MTU_DISCOVER signal.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo(2) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.35 ==================== Released: 2011-10-04, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen David Prévot Denis Barbier Eric W. Biederman Guillem Jover Jon Grant Kevin Lyda Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Reuben Thomas Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- recvmmsg.2 Andi Kleen, Michael Kerrisk New man page for recvmmsg(2) setns.2 Eric W. Biederman New manual page for setns(2) Michael Kerrisk Various improvements Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash Normal English typographical convention is not to have spaces around em dashes. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/null pointer/NULL pointer/ Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: use ORing Use "ORing", not "OR'ing", nor an italic ".IR OR ing". Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: consistent use of "null wide character" Bring more consistency to the discussion of "[terminating] null wide character" by writing (at least in the initial use in a page) "[terminating] null wide character (L'\0')". Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: consistent use of "null byte" Bring more consistency to the discussion of "[terminating] null byte" by writing (at least in the initial use in a page) "[terminating] null byte ('\0')". mount.2, prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk s/task/thread/ for consistency with other pages Changes to individual pages --------------------------- lseek.2 Guillem Jover CONFORMING TO: Note other systems that have SEEK_HOLE+SEEK_DATA recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of recvmmsg(2) recvmmsg.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sendmmsg(2) send.2 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 adds MSG_NOSIGNAL sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that attempts to wait for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 requirements for lstat() Michael Kerrisk Regarding automounter action, add a reference to fstatat(2) Michael Kerrisk Clean up text describing which POSIX describes S_IF* constants aio_cancel.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Clarify meaning of "return status" and "error status" gets.3 Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1-2008 marks gets() obsolescent The page formerly erroneously stated that POSIX.1-2008 removed the specification of this function. mbsnrtowcs.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008 This function is specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision. regex.3 Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte" stpcpy.3 stpncpy.3 Mike Frysinger Note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008 Update the "CONFORMING TO" sections of these functions to note that they are now part of the POSIX.1-2008 standard. stpncpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte" strcpy.3 Mike Frysinger SEE ALSO: Add stpncpy(3) strdup.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: strndup() is in POSIX.1-2008 wcpcpy.3 wcpncpy.3 wcsnlen.3 wcsnrtombs.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008 These functions are specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision. proc.5 Eric W. Biederman Document /proc/[pid]/ns/ Michael Kerrisk Some edit's to Eric Biederman's /proc/[pid]/ns/ additions capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk List setns(2) as an operation allowed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.36 ==================== Released: 2012-02-27, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alain Benedetti carado Christoph Hellwig Clemens Ladisch David Prévot Elie De Brauwer Guillem Jover Jessica McKellar Josef Bacik Junjiro Okajima Lucian Adrian Grijincu Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Pat Pannuto Salvo Tomaselli Simone Piccardi Slaven Rezic starlight Stephan Mueller Vijay Rao Walter Haidinger Walter Harms Yang Yang Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- sendmmsg.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller] New page for sendmmsg(2) Some pieces inspired by an initial attempt by Stephan Mueller. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fallocate.2 Lucian Adrian Grijincu Document FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE was added in Linux 2.6.38, for punching holes in the allocated space in a file. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- dup.2 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Add "#include " for O_* constants fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk Substantial restructuring of DESCRIPTION The addition of a second class of operation ("hole punching") to the man page made it clear that some significant restructuring is required. So I substantially reworked the page, including the preexisting material on the default "file allocation" operation. Michael Kerrisk [Josef Bacik] Add further details for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EPERM error case for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE fork.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Describe clone() call equivalent to fork() fsync.2 Christoph Hellwig Various improvements - explain the situation with disk caches better - remove the duplicate fdatasync() explanation in the NOTES section - remove an incorrect note about fsync() generally requiring two writes - remove an obsolete ext2 example note - fsync() works on any file descriptor (doesn't need to be writable); correct the EBADF error code explanation Michael Kerrisk [Guillem Jover] Note that some systems require a writable file descriptor An edited version of Guillem Jover's comments: [While the file descriptor does not need to be writable on Linux] that's not a safe portable assumption to make on POSIX in general as that behavior is not specified and as such is implementation-specific. Some Unix systems do actually fail on read-only file descriptors, for example [HP-UX and AIX]. mount.2 Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima] Removed erroneous statement about MS_RDONLY and bind mounts open.2 Jessica McKellar Fix grammar in O_DIRECT description Some small grammar fixes to the O_DIRECT description. pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk [Salvo Tomaselli] SYNOPSIS: Add "#include " for O_* constants See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=659750 sched_rr_get_interval.2 Clemens Ladisch Update notes on modifying quantum Since Linux 2.6.24, it is no longer possible to modify the SCHED_RR quantum using setpriority(2). (Slight edits to Clemens' patch by mtk.) Michael Kerrisk Reordered various pieces of text Michael Kerrisk Reworded text of ESRCH error send.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of sendmmsg(2) sync.2 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] PROTOTYPE: Fix return type of syncfs() vfork.2 Michael Kerrisk [starlight] Clarify what is duplicated in the child Add some words to make it clear to the reader that vfork(), like fork(), creates duplicates of process attributes in the child. Michael Kerrisk Note clone() flags equivalent to vfork() Michael Kerrisk [starlight, Mike Frysinger] Add some notes on reasons why vfork() still exists Michael Kerrisk [starlight] Clarify that calling *thread* is suspended during vfork() Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Note that POSIX.1-2001 marked vfork() obsolete gets.3 Michael Kerrisk Document C11 and glibc 2.16 changes affecting gets() pthread_sigmask.3 Michael Kerrisk [Pat Pannuto] Fix comment that was inconsistent with code in example program sem_wait.3 Walter Harms EXAMPLE: Remove extraneous line of output from shell session wcsnrtombs.3 wcsrtombs.3 wcstombs.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix-ups for e9c23bc636426366d659809bc99cd84661e86464 core.5 Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima] Document %E specifier for core_pattern passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk [Walter Haidinger] s/asterisk/asterisk (*)/ to improve clarity Michael Kerrisk Correct note on passwd field value when shadowing is enabled When password shadowing is enabled, the password field contains an 'x' (not "*'). proc.5 Elie De Brauwer Fix description of fourth field of /proc/loadavg SIgned-off-by: Elie De Brauwer resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk [Slaven Rezic] Describe syntax used for comments See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=656994 feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Document _ISOC11_SOURCE inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang] Note that 'cookie' field is set to zero when unused man.7 Michael Kerrisk Various fixes for description of NAME section As noted by reporter: * The code sample given for the NAME section is incomplete because the actual content sample is not given. * Additionally, the description assumes that the item described is a command, which need not be the case. * The command makewhatis is not present on my system; the documented tool to create the whatis database is called mandb. * The description on .SH NAME in man(7) should either copy the relevant paragraph of lexgrog(1) or refer to it. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.37 ==================== Released: 2012-03-06, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Denys Vlasenko Mark R. Bannister Michael Kerrisk Oleg Nesterov Tejun Heo Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getent.1 Mark R. Bannister New page to document 'getent' binary provided by glibc Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bdflush.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that bdflush() is deprecated, and does nothing nfsservctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that this system call was removed in Linux 3.1 ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Tejun Heo] add extended description of various ptrace quirks Changes include: s/parent/tracer/g, s/child/tracee/g - ptrace interface now is sufficiently cleaned up to not treat tracing process as parent. Deleted several outright false statements: - pid 1 can be traced - tracer is not shown as parent in ps output - PTRACE_ATTACH is not "the same behavior as if tracee had done a PTRACE_TRACEME": PTRACE_ATTACH delivers a SIGSTOP. - SIGSTOP _can_ be injected. - Removed mentions of SunOS and Solaris as irrelevant. - Added a few more known bugs. Added a large block of text in DESCRIPTION which doesn't focus on mechanical description of each flag and operation, but rather tries to describe a bigger picture. The targeted audience is a person which is reasonably knowledgeable in Unix but did not spend years working with ptrace, and thus may be unaware of its quirks. This text went through several iterations of review by Oleg Nesterov and Tejun Heo. This block of text intentionally uses as little markup as possible, otherwise future modifications to it will be very hard to make. Michael Kerrisk Global clean-up of page * Wording and formatting fixes to existing text and Denys Vlasenko's new text. * Various technical amendments and improvements to Denys Vlasenko's new text. * Added FIXME for various problems with the current text. Michael Kerrisk Integrated changes after further review from Denys Vlasenko syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that nfsservctl(2) was removed in Linux 3.1 Note that bdflush(2) is deprecated capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add CAP_WAKE_ALARM Michael Kerrisk Add various operations under CAP_SYS_ADMIN Add perf_event_open(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN Add VM86_REQUEST_IRQ vm86(2) command to CAP_SYS_ADMIN Update CAP_NET_ADMIN with notes from include/linux/capability.h Add nfsservctl(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk Add ioctl(FIBMAP) under CAP_SYS_RAWIO Michael Kerrisk Add virtual terminal ioctl()s under CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG Michael Kerrisk Update CAP_NET_RAW with notes from include/linux/capability.h Michael Kerrisk Add F_SETPIPE_SZ case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE Add POSIX messages queues queues_max case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE Update CAP_SYS_RESOURCE with notes from include/linux/capability.h Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add libcap(3) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Add --audit command-line option ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.38 ==================== Released: 2012-03-25, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro MOTOKI Artyom Pervukhin Beňas Petr Ben Bacarisse Bjarni Ingi Gislason David Prévot Denis Barbier Denys Vlasenko Eric Blake Iain Fraser Justin T Pryzby Kirill Brilliantov Mark R Bannister Matthew Gregan Michael Kerrisk Nix Peter Schiffer Sergei Zhirikov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- get_nprocs_conf.3 Beňas Petr New page documenting get_nprocs_conf(3) and get_nprocs(3) Michael Kerrisk Some additions and improvements malloc_get_state.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting malloc_get_state(3) and malloc_set_state(3) mallopt.3 Michael Kerrisk New man page for mallopt(3) mtrace.3 Michael Kerrisk Complete rewrite of page, adding much more detail scandirat.3 Mark R Bannister New page for scandirat(3) (new in glibc 2.15) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- posix_memalign.3 Michael Kerrisk Document aligned_alloc(3) aligned_alloc() is new in C11. Michael Kerrisk Document pvalloc(3) qsort.3 Mark R Bannister Add documentation of qsort_r(3) Ben Bacarisse Improvements to Mark R Bannister's qsort_r() patch Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section for qsort_r() New and changed links --------------------- aligned_alloc.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to posix_memalign.3 get_nprocs.3 Beňas Petr Link to new get_nprocs_conf.3 page malloc_set_state.3 Michael Kerrisk Link to new malloc_get_state.3 page pvalloc.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to posix_memalign.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global formatting fix: balance .nf/.fi pairs Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: place sections in correct order Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Justin T Pryzby] Global fix: Remove duplicated words Remove instances of duplicate words found using Justin's grep-fu: for f in man?/*.[1-9]; do grep -HE ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' "$f" | grep -Evw '(proc|hugetlbfs|XXX*|root|long) *\1'; done | grep -E --colo ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' Various pages Michael Kerrisk Correct order of SEE ALSO entries Changes to individual pages --------------------------- futimesat.2 Michael Kerrisk PROTOTYPE: Correct header file and feature test macro requirements keyctl.2 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Strip trailing tabs from source line See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=664688 ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko Document PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG for PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC Denys Vlasenko Various fixes to recent updates of this page symlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] PROTOTYPE: Correct header file syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove unimplemented system calls from main syscall list The unimplemented system calls are in any case noted lower down in the page. Also: rearrange the text describing the unimplemented system calls. Michael Kerrisk Note a few system calls that were removed in Linux 2.6 Michael Kerrisk Add process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) unlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] PROTOTYPE: Correct header file Michael Kerrisk PROTOTYPE: Add for AT_* constants utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk PROTOTYPE: Add for AT_* constants copysign.3 Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman] DESCRIPTION: Add a couple of examples malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a short discussion of arenas Michael Kerrisk Replace discussion of MALLOC_CHECK_ with pointer to mallopt(3) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add mtrace(3) SEE ALSO: add malloc_get_state(3) posix_memalign.3 Michael Kerrisk Rename memalign() argument Rename "boundary" to "alignment" for consistency with posix_memalign(). Michael Kerrisk Improve discussion of feature test macros and header files for valloc(3) rtnetlink.3 Kirill Brilliantov [Sergei Zhirikov] Fix example code, rta_len assignment should use RTA_LENGTH() See also http://bugs.debian.org/655088 scandir.3 Mark R Bannister SEE ALSO: Add scandirat(3) sigqueue.3 Nix Remove rt_sigqueueinfo from TH line rt_sigqueueinfo() now has its own manual page, so should not be listed in the .TH line of this page. tzset.3 Peter Schiffer Correct description for Julian 'n' date format The Julian 'n' date format counts starting from 0, not 1. Michael Kerrisk Add some clarifying remarks to discussion of Julian day formats packet.7 Michael Kerrisk [Iain Fraser] Fix comment on 'sll_hatype' field tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk [Artyom Pervukhin] Correct RFC for TIME_WAIT assassination hazards ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.39 ==================== Released: 2012-04-17, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Abhijith Das Alexander Kruppa Andreas Jaeger Armin Rigo Cyrill Gorcunov Denys Vlasenko Eric Blake Felix Jak Jeff Mahoney Jesus Otero Jonathan Nieder Kevin O'Gorman Mark R Bannister Michael Kerrisk Michael Welsh Duggan Mike Frysinger Petr Gajdos Regid Ichira Reuben Thomas Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez Simone Piccardi Tetsuo Handa Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- malloc_trim.3 Michael Kerrisk New man page for malloc_trim(3) malloc_usable_size.3 Michael Kerrisk New man page for malloc_usable_size(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- prctl.2 Cyrill Gorcunov Document PR_SET_MM (new in Linux 3.3) Michael Kerrisk Various edits and improvements to Cyrill's patch Changes to individual pages --------------------------- epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of 'size' argument Michael Kerrisk Add .SS for description of epoll_create1() epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Armin Rigo] Another thread can add to epoll instance while epoll_wait is blocked See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43072 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that epoll_pwait() blocks calling *thread* A few wording improvements fchmodat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Note difference between glibc wrapper and underlying system call The wrapper function has a 'flags' argument (which currently serves no purpose), while the underlying system call does not. fcntl.2 Abhijith Das Explain behaviour of F_GETLEASE during lease break Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] Change type of arg from "long" to "int" Various fcntl(2) commands require an integral 'arg'. The man page said it must be "long" in all such cases. However, for the cases covered by POSIX, there is an explicit requirement that these arguments be "int". Update the man page to reflect. Probably, all of the other "long" cases (not specified in POSIX) should be "int", and this patch makes them so. Based on a note fromEric Blake, relating to F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC. gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk Reorganize content The main change is to move the historical information about the 'tz_dsttime' to NOTES. Michael Kerrisk [Felix] Note that compiler issues warnings if 'tv' is NULL mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kevin O'Gorman] Clarify that this system call should not be invoked directly See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42892 Michael Kerrisk Clarify NOTES discussion of mmap() versus mmap2() poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Michael Welsh Duggan] Document negative value in 'fd' field Michael Kerrisk Document semantics of passing zero in 'events' field ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko Various fixes For some reason, the PTRACE_TRACEME paragraph talks about some general aspects of ptraced process behavior. It repeats the "tracee stops on every signal" information even though that was already explained just a few paragraphs before. Then it describes legacy SIGTRAP on execve(). This patch deletes the first part, and moves the second part up, into the general ptrace description. It also adds "If PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC option is not in effect" to the description of the legacy SIGTRAP on execve(). The patch also amends the part which says "For requests other than PTRACE_KILL, the tracee must be stopped." - PTRACE_ATTACH also doesn't require that. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger, ] Clarify that the use of SI_SIGIO is for Linux 2.2 only See also http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6745 sigprocmask.2 Mike Frysinger ERRORS: add EFAULT times.2 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] ERRORS: Add EFAULT div.3 Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] CONFORMING TO: Add C99 fread.3 Regid Ichira Clarify further that return value is number of items, not bytes See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=665780 getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jak] Correct type of ai_addrlen field malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add malloc_usable_size(3) SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3) mallopt.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix text describing M_PERTURB and free() SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3) memchr.3 Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] Remove mention of terminating null in description of rawmemchr() perror.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jesus Otero] Note that use of 'sys_errlist' is deprecated rcmd.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc eventually added a declaration of iruserok() in version 2.12 sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez] Add mention of _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX nologin.5 Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] nologin must not only exist, but *be readable* to be effective nsswitch.conf.5 Mark R Bannister Significant rewrites and improvements This patch applies to nsswitch.conf.5 in man-pages-3.36. My changes almost completely rewrite large sections of the man page. They are needed to add clarity, correct grammar, reduce confusion, and bring up-to-date with the latest glibc. I have checked the man page against the nss source code in glibc 2.14.90. Historical notes are demoted to the footer. The rewrite makes the man page much clearer to understand, more authoratitive, and easier to read. Michael Kerrisk Light edits to Mark Bannister's changes capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add prctl(PR_SET_MM) to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Some minor clarifications at start of DESCRIPTION netlink.7 Jeff Mahoney [Petr Gajdos] Note cases where nonprivileged users can use netlink multicast groups See also https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754611 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] Add a detail on autobind feature ld.so.8 Jonathan Nieder [Reuben Thomas] Document effect of hwcaps on search path Wording by Aurelien Jarno from Debian glibc's r4701 (2011-06-04). Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/622385 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.40 ==================== Released: 2012-04-27, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexey Toptygin Bernhard Walle Brian F. G. Bidulock Brian M. Carlson Christopher Yeoh Daniel J Blueman Eric Blake Eugen Dedu James Hunt John Sullivan Jon Grant lepton Marcel Holtmann Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Petr Baudis Simon Paillard Stefan Puiu Ulrich Drepper Vadim Mikhailov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- process_vm_readv.2 Mike Frysinger, Christopher Yeoh, Michael Kerrisk New page for process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) mcheck.3 Michael Kerrisk New man page for mcheck(3) and related functions Also describes mcheck_check_all(3), mcheck_pedantic(3), and mprobe(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- rcmd.3 Michael Kerrisk Document "_af" variants of these functions Document rcmd_af(), rresvport_af(), iruserok_af(), ruserok_af(). Also some restructuring and other clarifications. rexec.3 Michael Kerrisk Document rexec_af() New and changed links --------------------- iruserok_af.3 rcmd_af.3 rresvport_af.3 ruserok_af.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to rcmd.3 rexec_af.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to rexec.3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify difference between CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW Note interactions of these two clocks with discontinuous adjustments to the system time and NTP/adjtime(2). fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk [John Sullivan] Fix description of ENOSYS and EOPNOTSUP errors As reported in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=680214 fchmodat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Improve discussion of difference between wrapper and underlying syscall gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk gettimeofday() is affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time Advise reader to use clock_gettime(2), if they need a monotonically increasing time source. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(2) prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE and PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE Add some basic documentation of these operations, with a pointer to tools/perf/design.txt for more information. Michael Kerrisk [Marcel Holtmann] Amend details of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Note SPARC deviation with respect to get/set regs SPARC reverses the use of 'addr' and 'data' for PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, PTRACE_SETREGS, and PTRACE_SETFPREGS. send.2 Stefan Puiu Document EACCES error case for UDP sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of raise(3) for SI_USER For a long time now, glibc's raise(3) didn't yield SI_USER for the signal receiver, so remove mention of raise(3) here. The user can deduce the details, if needed, by looking at the recently updated raise(3) page. aio_cancel.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Rewrite RETURN VALUE section to be clearer aio_init.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Remove extraneous "POSIX" from NAME section btree.3 dbopen.3 hash.3 mpool.3 recno.3 Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson] Note that glibc no longer provides these interfaces glibc stopped providing these interfaces with v2.2. Nowadays, the user that finds these pages probably wants the libdb API, so note this in the page. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=337581 fopen.3 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: Note limitation on number of flag characters parsed in 'mode' Michael Kerrisk Note that 'c' and 'e' flags are ignored for fdopen() Determined from reading libio/iofdopen.c. Michael Kerrisk Document ",ccs=string" feature of 'mode' for fopen()/freopen() getgrnam.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper] Fix discussion of _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size (as specified in SUSv4). getpwnam.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper] Fix discussion of _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size (as specified in SUSv4). malloc.3 mallopt.3 mtrace.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mcheck(3) memchr.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify description, omitting mention of "strings" and "characters" The existing text slipped into talking about characters and strings, which could mislead readers into thing that, for example, searches for the byte '\0' are treated specially. Therefore, rewrite in terms of "bytes" and "memory areas". At the same time, make a few source file clean-ups. mkstemp.3 Michael Kerrisk Add "mkstemps" and "mkostemps" to NAME line posix_openpt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vadim Mikhailov] Add some details on use of the slave pathname An explicit pointer to ptsname(3) is useful, as is a note of the fact that the slave device pathname exists only as long as the master device is held open. raise.3 Michael Kerrisk Add some notes on underlying system call that is used rcmd.3 Michael Kerrisk Add some details of the rresvport() 'port' argument resolver.3 Petr Baudis Note that many options are documented in resolv.conf(5) scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman] Improve EXAMPLE source code: s/0/NULL/ in scandir() call strchr.3 James Hunt Explain behavior when searching for '\0' strerror.3 Eric Blake [Stefan Puiu] Improve strerror_r() description POSIX requires that perror() not modify the static storage returned by strerror(). POSIX 2008 and C99 both require that strerror() never return NULL (a strerror() that always returns "" for all inputs is valid for C99, but not for POSIX). http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12204 documents glibc's change to come into compliance with POSIX regarding strerror_r() return value. The GNU strerror_r() use of 'buf' was confusing - I ended up writing a test program that proves that 'buf' is unused for valid 'errnum', but contains truncated "unknown message" for out-of-range 'errnum'. See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=382 Bernhard Walle Correct description of error return for XSI strerror_r() Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] Note how to use 'errno' to detect errors when calling strerror() Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Add an example of the kind of string returned by strerror() resolv.conf.5 Petr Baudis Document "single-request" option inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Note buffer size that guarantees being able to read at least one event James Hunt Correct description of size of inotify_event structure iso_8859-1.7 Eugen Dedu Add "-" for SOFT HYPHEN See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=156154 netdevice.7 Brian F. G. Bidulock Document some SIOC configuration ioctls This patch adds common but missing SIOC configuration ioctls to the netdevice.7 manual pages that are not documented anywhere else. SIOCSIFPFLAGS and SIOCGIFPFLAGS are linux-specific. Flag values come from Linux 2.6.25 kernel headers for sockios. The others are standard BSD ioctls that have always been implemented by Linux and were verified from inspecting netdevice.c kernel code. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Toptygin] Correct description of SO_BROADCAST tcp.7 lepton Correct description for TCP_MAXSEG on modern kernel ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.41 ==================== Released: 2012-05-11, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro MOTOKI Andries E. Brouwer Angelo Borsotti Bjarni Ingi Gislason Brian M. Carlson Casper Dik David Prévot D. Barbier Eric Blake Hugh Dickins Ivana Varekova Jakub Jelinek Jan Kara Jason Baron Jean-Michel Vourgère Jeff Moyer Josh Triplett Kasper Dupont KOSAKI Motohiro Lauri Kasanen Mel Gorman Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nick Piggin Paul Pluzhnikov Petr Baudis Ralph Corderoy Rich Felker Simone Piccardi Simon Paillard Stefan Puiu Stephen Hemminger Vincent Lefevre Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- get_robust_list.2 Ivana Varekova [Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting get_robust_list(2) and set_robust_list(2) mallinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, Paul Pluzhnikov] New page for mallinfo(3) malloc_info.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Jelinek] New page for malloc_info(3) malloc_stats.3 Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] New man page for malloc_stats(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- madvise.2 Jason Baron Document MADV_DONTDUMP and MADV_DODUMP New and changed links --------------------- set_robust_list.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new get_robust_list.2 page LIST_ENTRY.3 LIST_HEAD.3 LIST_INIT.3 LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 LIST_REMOVE.3 TAILQ_ENTRY.3 TAILQ_HEAD.3 TAILQ_INIT.3 TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 TAILQ_REMOVE.3 CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3 CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3 CIRCLEQ_INIT.3 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to queue.3 The queue(3) page documents these macros, so it makes sense to have links for the names. DES_FAILED.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to des_crypt.3 The des_crypt(3) page documents this macro, so it makes sense to have a link for the name. qsort_r.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to qsort.3 Overlooked to add this link in 3.38, when documentation of qsort_r() was added to the qsort.3 page. Global changes -------------- faccessat.2 fchmodat.2 fchownat.2 fstatat.2 futimesat.2 inotify_init.2 linkat.2 mkdirat.2 mknodat.2 openat.2 readlinkat.2 renameat.2 setns.2 splice.2 symlinkat.2 sync.2 tee.2 unlinkat.2 vmsplice.2 Michael Kerrisk [Lauri Kasanen] Global fix: note glibc version that added library support confstr.3 strcasecmp.3 strcat.3 strcmp.3 strcpy.3 strdup.3 strftime.3 strlen.3 strnlen.3 strpbrk.3 strspn.3 strtok.3 strxfrm.3 Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] Clarify that these functions operate on bytes, not (wide) characters Change 'character(s)' to 'byte(s)' to make clear that these functions operate on bytes, not wide / UTF8 characters. (POSIX uses 'byte(s)' similarly, to make this point.) icmp.7 ipv6.7 packet.7 raw.7 rtnetlink.7 unix.7 x25.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove names of constants from NAME line Some of the sockets/network protocol pages included names of the corresponding address family constants in the NAME line, but this wasn't done consistently across all pages, and probably it adds little value in those pages that did do this. So, remove these constants from those pages that have them in the NAME section. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] Expand description of CLOCK_REALTIME Make it clear that this clock may be discontinuous, and is affected my incremental NTP and clock-adjtime(2) adjustments. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=540872 epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewording to deemphasize libc5 details fork.2 Mike Frysinger ERRORS: add ENOSYS Can occur on, for example, non-MMU hardware. getcpu.2 Mike Frysinger Add RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to NOTES for more info about 'tcache' Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: reword a sentence to be clearer io_cancel.2 io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_submit.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite to focus on system call API Rewrite to focus on the system call interface, adding some notes on the libaio wrapper differences. See the following mail: 2012-05-07 "aio manuals", linux-man@vger http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/1935/focus=2910 Other minor rewrites. mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Comment out an old Linux libc detail open.2 Nick Piggin [KOSAKI Motohiro, Jan Kara, Hugh Dickins] Describe race of direct I/O and fork() Rework 04cd7f64, which didn't capture the details correctly. See the April/May 2012 linux-man@ mail thread "[PATCH] Describe race of direct read and fork for unaligned buffers" http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/77571 poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion of wrapper function emulation Clarify that glibc (as well as old libc) provides emulation using select(2) on older kernels that don't have a poll() system call. Michael Kerrisk Make the meaning of a zero timeout explicit Clarify that timeout==0 causes an immediate return, even if no file descriptors are ready. pread.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kasper Dupont] BUGS: Note O_APPEND + pwrite() does the wrong thing See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43178 recvmmsg.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. select.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. Michael Kerrisk Expand description of the self-pipe trick Michael Kerrisk Add further details on pselect6() system call that underlies pselect() semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' of semtimedop() is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. signal.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'sig_t' requires _BSD_SOURCE Also remove some old Linux libc details sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'timeout' of sigtimedwait() is a *minimum* interval Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays. stat.2 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Formatting fixes From "groff -ww" (or "man --warnings=w ..."): warning: around line 442: table wider than line width GNU man uses line length of 78. Use text blocks. Two spaces between sentences or better: start each sentence in a new line. syscalls.2 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Formatting fixes From "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."): warning: around line 157: table wider than line width Have to use text blocks. Move some text to its correct column. Split text to two columns to avoid hyphenation. sysinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to obsolete libc5 syslog.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove some details about obsolete Linux libc aio_cancel.3 aio_error.3 aio_fsync.3 aio_read.3 aio_return.3 aio_suspend.3 aio_write.3 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add/update ENOSYS error aio_cancel.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify what happens when a request isn't successfully canceled Michael Kerrisk Add pointers to aio(7) and sigevent(7) dbopen.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Add header file Upstreamed from Debian, and consistent with FreeBSD dbopen(3) man page. fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Note details of POSIX.1-2008 specification of 'b' in 'mode' Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] BUGS: fmemopen() doesn't correctly set file position in some cases If 'mode' is append, but 'size' does not cover a null byte in 'buf', then fmemopen() incorrectly sets the initial file position to -1, rather than the next byte after the end of the buffer. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13151 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: fmemopen() incorrectly handles size==0 case If size is zero, fmemopen() fails, This is surprising behavior, and not specified in POSIX.1-2008. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11216 Reported-by; Alex Shinn Michael Kerrisk BUGS: Note silent ABI change for fmemopen() in glibc 2.9 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] BUGS: Append mode does not force writes to append Append mode correctly sets the initial offset but does not force subsequent writes to append at end of stream. See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13152 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] BUGS: Note inconsistent treatment of 'b' in 'mode' fopen() permits, for example, both "w+b" and "wb+", but only the latter is meaningful to fmemopen(). See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12836 fopencookie.3 Michael Kerrisk [Petr Baudis] Correct description of return for user-supplied 'write' function See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2074 getaddrinfo.3 Jean-Michel Vourgère Note that AI_ADDRCONFIG is not affected by loopback addresses See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=660479 iconv.3 Michael Kerrisk Upstream useful NOTE from Debian Warn the reader that the pointer arguments can't be interpreted as C style strings. Also, note possible alignment requirements for the referenced bytes sequences, Michael Kerrisk Write a better paragraph introducing iconv() and its arguments isgreater.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] Clarify that the arguments to these macros must be real-floating See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=609033 lio_listio.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that async notification occurs when *all* I/Os complete makedev.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Correct return types of major() and minor() See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754188 Reported-by; Zdenek Kabelac malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add malloc_info(3) malloc_get_state.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix wordos in function names in NAME line mallopt.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix example program The example code was a version that was not consistent with the shell output shown on the page. Reported-bY: Simon Paillard Michael Kerrisk Restore accidentally omitted line in shell session Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add malloc_stats(3) mmap64.3 Michael Kerrisk Change target of link to mmap.2 (was mmap2.2) Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk [Casper Dik] Remove note about Solaris possibly returning a relative path syslog.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Corderoy] Document behavior when 'ident' argument to openlog() is NULL See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/382096 Michael Kerrisk Update CONFORMING TO for POSIX.1-2008 POSIX.1-2008 doesn't change any details, but make that more explicit. undocumented.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove some functions that have been documented sd.4 Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to nonexistent scsi(4) page Upstreamed from RedHat / Fedora sk98lin.4 Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger] Note that this driver was removed in 2.6.28 See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/528020 passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk Upstream pieces from Red Hat/Fedora Note mention of empty password field. Add description of "*NP*" in password field. Michael Kerrisk Various minor fixes and improvements proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes can override file-max Upstreamed from red Hat / Fedora Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/cgroup Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Take a Debian improvement into upstream tzfile.5 Michael Kerrisk Mention timezone directories in DESCRIPTION Note that timezone files are usually in /usr/lib/zoneinfo or /usr/share/zoneinfo. Michael Kerrisk Drop SYNOPSIS The SYNOPSIS doesn't correspond to a user-visible file. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add pointer to glibc source file timezone/tzfile.h Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tzset(3) and tzselect(8) ascii.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Indent for "troff" makes table too wide Fix following from "groff -t -ww ...": warning: around line 53: table wider than line width Extra indent for "troff" makes the table look misplaced (default "ps" output). cp1251.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason table too wide From "nroff -ww -t ...": warning: around line 44: table wider than line width Columns are made narrower (column gutter decreased). ipv6.7 Stefan Puiu Add ENODEV error for bind() to link-local IPv6 address signal.7 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] Clarify that SIGLOST is unused Michael Kerrisk Comment out crufty BUGS text on SIGLOST It must be a very long time since the statement there about SIGLOST was true. (The text seems to date back to 1996.) Michael Kerrisk Update architectures for tables of signal numbers utf-8.7 Brian M. Carlson Two clarifications This patch clarifies that 0xc0 and 0xc1 are not valid in any UTF-8 encoding[0], and it also references RFC 3629 instead of RFC 2279. [0] In order to have 0xc0, you'd have to have a two-byte encoding with all the data bits zero in the first byte (and thus only six bits of data), which would be an ASCII character encoded in the non-shortest form. Similarly with 0xc1. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=538641 ldconfig.8 nscd.8 Michael Kerrisk Remove path prefix from NAME line Command names shown in NAME are normally just the basename, not the full pathname of the command. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.42 ==================== Released: 2012-08-14, Konolfingen Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aaron Peschel Adrian Dabrowski Akihiro MOTOKI Alan Curry Bjarni Ingi Gislason Christoph Lameter Colin McCabe Daniel Zingaro David Prévot Denys Vlasenko Henry Hu Herbert Xu Jan Engelhardt Jim Hill JoonSoo Kim Kalle Olavi Niemitalo Martin H Michael Kerrisk Michael S. Tsirkin Rasmus Villemoes Sami Kerola Sam Varshavchik Shawn Landden Simon Paillard Tolga Dalman Ulrich Drepper Марк Коренберг Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Sami Kerola Global fix: use UR macro where applicable The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser display, e.g.: man -H man7/uri.7 ("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk Add security note on untrusted executables See also http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/ and http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite discussion of sys_clone futex.2 Марк Коренберг Consolidate error descriptions to ERRORS Michael Kerrisk Various wording fix-ups Michael Kerrisk Fix description of EINVAL error The current text seems incorrect. Replace with a more general description. getdents.2 select_tut.2 atof.3 atoi.3 pthread_create.3 pthread_sigmask.3 rtime.3 setbuf.3 tsearch.3 netlink.7 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] Remove unneeded casts get_robust_list.2 get_thread_area.2 getcpu.2 getdents.2 gettid.2 io_cancel.2 io_destroy.2 io_getevents.2 io_setup.2 io_submit.2 ioprio_set.2 kexec_load.2 llseek.2 modify_ldt.2 mq_getsetattr.2 pivot_root.2 readdir.2 rt_sigqueueinfo.2 set_thread_area.2 sgetmask.2 spu_create.2 spu_run.2 subpage_prot.2 sysctl.2 tkill.2 Michael Kerrisk Add note to SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper for system call Reduce the chance that the reader may be misled into thinking that there is a wrapper function for this system call by noting explicitly in the SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper and pointing the reader to NOTES for further details. ioprio_set.2 Colin McCabe Clarify the multithreaded behavior of ioprio_set(2) Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг, Kalle Olavi Niemitalo] Document who==0 for IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS and IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP For IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, who==0 means operate on the caller. For IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, who==0 means operate on the caller's process group. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=652443 migrate_pages.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter, JoonSoo Kim] Fix description of return value mount.2 Michael Kerrisk For MS_REMOUNT, source is ignored mprotect.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] 'addr' argument is not const As reported by Rasmus: Both my system's man-pages (3.22) and the latest online (3.41) show: int mprotect(const void *addr, size_t len, int prot); as the prototype for mprotect(2). However, POSIX [1] and the actual sys/mman.h (on all the systems I checked) do not have the const qualifier on the first argument. msgctl.2 semctl.2 shmctl.2 svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Don't mention that ipc_perm is defined in There's no need to mention that the 'ipc_perm' structure is defined in . That's an implementation detail, and furthermore is itself included by the other System V IPC header files. The current text might lead the reader to conclude that they must include , which is not the case (it is required neither on Linux, nor by the standards). msgctl.2 msgget.2 msgop.2 semctl.2 semget.2 semop.2 shmctl.2 shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: and aren't strictly needed Add text to NOTES to say that the and header files aren't required by Linux or the standards, but may be needed for portability to old systems. ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko Explain WNOHANG behavior and EINTR bug I didn't like the "SIGKILL operates similarly, with exceptions" phrase (if it's different, then it's not "similar", right?), and now I got around to changing it. Now it says simply: "SIGKILL does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore the tracer can't suppress it." Replaced "why WNOHANG is not reliable" example with a more realistic one (the one which actually inspired to add this information to man page in the first place): we got ESRCH - process is gone! - but waitpid(WNOHANG) can still confusingly return 0 "no processes to wait for". Replaced "This means that unneeded trailing arguments may be omitted" part with a much better recommendation to never do that and to supply zero arguments instead. (The part about "undocumentedness" of gcc behavior was bogus, btw - deleted). Expanded BUGS section with the explanation and an example of visible strace behavior on the buggy syscalls which exit with EINTR on ptrace attach. I hope this will lead to people submitting better bug reports to lkml about such syscalls. seteuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc version where setegid() implementation changed In glibc 2.2/2.3, setegid() switched from setregid() to setresgid(). set_tid_address.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename 'ctid' argument for consistency with clone(2) page Michael Kerrisk Some rewordings and minor clarifications sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Zingaro] Some wording clarifications Mainly rewording things like "is delivered" to "becomes pending", which is more accurate terminology. syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk Add some more details to the description of syscall(2) And add another example of using syscall() to the program example. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add kcmp(2) Michael Kerrisk Move discussion of set_zone_reclaim(2) out of main table This system call was never visible to user space, so it makes sense to move it out of the main table of system calls into the notes below the table. getifaddrs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Adrian Dabrowski] Note that ifa_addr and ifa_netmask can be NULL readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] Handle -1 error from pathconf() in example code snippet Improve the example demonstrating allocation of a buffer for readdir_r() to handle -1 error return from pathconf(). Otherwise, naive readers may think that pathconf() return value can be used without checking. realpath.3 Shawn Landden Use past tense with ancient history (libc4, libc5) regex.3 Michael Kerrisk Correct SEE ALSO reference to glibc manual "regex" section rtime.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt] Fix broken pointer cast in example code sem_close.3 sem_destroy.3 sem_getvalue.3 sem_init.3 sem_open.3 sem_post.3 sem_unlink.3 sem_wait.3 sem_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that "cc -pthread" is required; "-lrt" no longer works See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/874418 sigwait.3 Michael Kerrisk Reword "is delivered" to "becomes pending" strcat.3 Michael Kerrisk Add some text to emphasize the dangers of buffer overruns Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add discussion of strlcat() strcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that info is lost when strncpy() doesn't null terminate Michael Kerrisk Add some text to emphasize possibility of buffer runs with strcpy() Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a discussion of strlcpy() Inspired by https://lwn.net/Articles/506530/ Michael Kerrisk Fix description of the null-byte padding performed by strncpy() tsearch.3 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: remove redundant discussion of unorthodox use of term "postorder" This point is already covered at greater length in the main text of the page (See the piece "More commonly, ..."). Michael Kerrisk Clarify use for first argument to the twalk() 'action' function There's a number of details in POSIX that are omitted in the current version of this page. Michael Kerrisk Some wording fixes core.5 Michael Kerrisk Note effect of madvise(2) MADV_DONTDUMP flag capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Document CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND glob.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Change 8 bit characters to 7 bit representation Fixes rendering errors for accented 'a' characters. Michael Kerrisk [Aaron Peschel] Update bash(1) command used to obtain classical globbing behavior The man page formerly noted the bash(1) v1 command to do this. iso_8859-1.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Explanation of SOFT HYPHEN and the code for it :89: warning: can't find special character `shc' This is the only "iso_8859-*.7" file that has this (now) undefined character. The code in column four in "iso_8859-1.7" is "0x2D" ("HYPHEN, MINUS SIGN" or "HYPHEN-MINUS") instead of "0xAD". See Debian bug 156154 (or package "manpages"). There should be an explanation for this graphic character and the code should be 0xAD in iso_8859-1.7 (as in all others), even though "[gn]roff" does not display a "HYPHEN" in that position of the table. The line with "SOFT HYPHEN" gets a footnote and a short explanation. mdoc.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Fixing a warning and a table Fis warning from "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."): :294: warning: tab character in unquoted macro argument In one table the distance between columns is too small in the "ps" output. (Bug in the groff "doc.tmac" macro?) mdoc.samples.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Fix warnings from [ng]roff, corrections From "man -ww ..." (groff -ww ...): :541: warning: tab character in unquoted macro argument [+3 similar warnings] :813: warning: macro `Pu' not defined Usage: .Rv -std in sections 2 and 3 only (#1669) mdoc warning: A .Bl directive has no matching .El (#1821) String "Pu" defined as a row of punctuation characters. ".Bl" and ".El" fixed. Some arguments, that start with a period or are the name of a macro, protected with "\&". Variable name for macro ".Rv" corrected. netdevice.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Line in table too long Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): nroff: netdevice.7: warning: around line 98: table wider than line width Fix: No right adjustment in text blocks in tables. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673873 netlink.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Line in table is too long Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): nroff: netlink.7: warning: around line 195: table wider than line width Horizontal line incorporated into table. No right adjustment of text blocks in tables. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673875 Simon Paillard [Herbert Xu] Change description of "*_pid" fields to "Port ID" As reported by Herbert Xu, these should not be considered as PIDs. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=383296 rtnetlink.7 Bjarni Ingi Gislason Line in table too long Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."): nroff: rtnetlink.7: warning: around line 415: table wider than line width Column gutter reduced to fit line length. Right adjustment in text blocks removed in tables. Some header made centered in tables. One table put on same page. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674051 socket.7 Martin H Document SO_MARK socket option Commit 4a19ec5800fc3bb64e2d87c4d9fdd9e636086fe0 in Jan 2008 added the new SO_MARK socket option. This patch is based on text from the commit message. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16461. svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Remove include of and Including and isn't needed on Linux and isn't really relevant for the explanation on this page. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.43 ==================== Released: 2012-10-05, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Bunk Anatoli Klassen Andreas Schwab Bjarni Ingi Gislason David Prévot Eric Dumazet Florian Weimer Frédéric Brière Fredrik Arnerup Guillem Jover Jan Engelhardt Michael Kerrisk Simon Josefsson Stephane Fillod Trevor Woerner Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- getenv.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Andreas Schwab] Document secure_getenv(3) New and changed links --------------------- phys.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to unimplemented.2 secure_getenv.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to getenv.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/-/\\-/ when real hyphen is required (e.g., in code) Various pages David Prévot [Michael Kerrisk] Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently Rather than "kernel source". Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: disable justification and hyphenation in SEE ALSO For a better visual result, disable justification and hyphenation in SEE ALSO where page names are long. syscalls.2 uname.2 boot.7 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/OS/operating system/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Fredrik Arnerup] Describe timeout limitation in kernels < 2.6.37 As reported by Fredrik (and as far as I can tell the problem went back to 2.6.0): The timeout argument has an upper limit. Any values above that limit are treated the same as -1, i.e. to wait indefinitely. The limit is given by: #define EP_MAX_MSTIMEO min(1000ULL * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT / HZ, \ (LONG_MAX - 999ULL) / HZ) That is, the limit depends on the size of a long and the timer frequency. Assuming the long is never smaller than 32 bits and HZ never larger than 1000, the worst case is 35 minutes. I think this should be mentioned under "BUGS". Although this is likely to be fixed in the future (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/8/144), the problem exists in at least 2.6.14 - 2.6.35. I don't know if select(2) and poll(2) are affected. https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20762 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread getitimer.2 Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] Note Linux's odd handling of the new_value==NULL case Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] Fix types used to declare fields in timeval struct keyctl.2 David Prévot Reorder SEE ALSO, without .br poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread select.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stephane Fillod] Note behavior if monitored file descriptor is closed in another thread Executive summary: a sane application can't rely on any particular behavior if another thread closes a file descriptor being monitored by select(). See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40852 Michael Kerrisk Clarify equivalent pselect() code in terms of threads s/sigprogmask/pthread_sigmask/ semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Recast discussion of blocking behavior in terms of threads semop() blocks the calling thread, not the process. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add clone(2) Give reader a clue about CLONE_SYSVSEM. shutdown.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] Document EINVAL error (and associated bug) Eric Dumazet noted that EINVAL was not documented. Some further digging shows that it's also not diagnosed consistently. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Tweak SA_RESETHAND description timer_settime.2 Michael Kerrisk Small rewording around discussion of pointer arguments wait4.2 Adrian Bunk Note that these functions are nonstandard and recommend alternatives Some edits to Adrian's patch by mtk. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Note SUS details for wait3() gnu_get_libc_version.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded "#define _GNU_SOURCE" from SYNOPSIS pthread_kill.3 pthread_sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove wording "another" Writing "another thread" in these pages implies that these functions can't be used to send a signal to the calling thread itself, which is of course untrue. sigvec.3 Michael Kerrisk Add "int" arg to sv_handler definition in sigvec structure Michael Kerrisk Fix small error in discussion of blocking of signals The signal that causes the handler to be invoked is blocked, but saying "by default" implies that this can be changed via the API. It cannot. (One needs sigaction(2) for that.) syslog.3 Simon Josefsson Remove (apparently bogus) text claiming LOG_AUTH is deprecated LOG_AUTH is in POSIX, and widely available. There seems to be no basis to the claim it is deprecated. Quoting Simon: I cannot find any other source that claim LOG_AUTH is deprecated in any way. LOG_AUTH is distinct from LOG_AUTHPRIV. The GNU C Library manual only documents LOG_AUTH. The header files contains both without any comment. Common systems like Debian appear to refer to both auth and authpriv facilities in syslog configurations. Popular daemons appear to use both facilities. Both facilities are discussed in several RFCs. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46091 ttyname.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add ctermid(3) proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Clarify header file related to 'flags' field of /proc/PID/stat Michael Kerrisk [Frédéric Brière] Update description of 'starttime' field of /proc/PID/stat The unit of measurement changed from jiffies to clock ticks in Linux 2.6. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=675891 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Document interaction of CAP_SYSLOG and /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict ip.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add ipv6(7) SEE ALSO: Add icmp(7) man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Add some advice about disabling hyphenation in SEE ALSO ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Describe interpretation of slashes in dependency strings Michael Kerrisk Repeat note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored in privileged programs This point is already noted when discussing search order for libraries, but it's worth repeating under the specific discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH further down the page. Michael Kerrisk Add some details for LD_PRELOAD Note that LD_PRELOAD list separator can be space or colon ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.44 ==================== Released: 2012-11-07, Barcelona Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Bert Hubert David Prévot James Youngman Kees Cook Lars Wirzenius Lucas De Marchi Michael Kerrisk Rusty Russell Simon Paillard Thomas Habets Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- delete_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality Michael Kerrisk Change license and copyright There is now nothing left of the original FSF-copyrighted page. So, change the copyright and license. Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi, Rusty Russell] Substantial reorganization after comments from Rusty Russell Rusty notes that O_NONBLOCK is almost always used in practice. Therefore, it would be better to reorganize the page to consider that "the default". init_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality Michael Kerrisk Change copyright and license Little of the original page now remains. Change copyright and license Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] Changes after review comments from Rusty Russell Kees Cook Add various pieces describing Linux 2.6+ behavior Pieces take from, or inspired by, a patch sent by Kees. getauxval.3 Michael Kerrisk Document getauxval() function added in glibc 2.16 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: Use consistent capitalization in NAME section The line(s) in the NAME section should only use capitals where English usage dictates that. Otherwise, use lowercase throughout. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: "userspace" ==> "user space" or "user-space" Existing pages variously use "userspace or "user space". But, "userspace" is not quite an English word. So change "userspace" to "user space" or, when used attributively, "user-space". Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 clock_nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward create_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 Michael Kerrisk Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+ execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Document treatment of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG on execve() Michael Kerrisk Document treatment of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS securebits flag on execve() fork.2 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of default timer slack value on fork() getdomainname.2 Simon Paillard [Lars Wirzenius] Point out that these calls relate to NIS, not DNS See http://bugs.debian.org/295635 get_kernel_syms.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 ipc.2 Michael Kerrisk Update note on architectures that don't have ipc() Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM. link.2 Michael Kerrisk Add EPERM error triggered by /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlink prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS Kees Cook update seccomp sections for mode 2 (BPF) This adds a short summary of the arguments used for "mode 2" (BPF) seccomp. Michael Kerrisk Small improvements to PR_SET_SECCOMP discussion Note type of 'arg3' for SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER. Add pointer to Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt. Michael Kerrisk Note 'seccomp' semantics with respect to fork(), execve(), and prctl() Michael Kerrisk Document PR_SET_TIMERSLACK and PR_GET_TIMERSLACK Michael Kerrisk Reword PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME in terms of threads Plus tfix Kees Cook document PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS This adds a short description of the no_new_privs bit, as described in Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt. ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that some operations are not present on all architectures PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_SETGREFS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, and PTRACE_GETSPREGS are not present on all architectures. PTRACE_SYSEMU and PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP are present only on x86. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=122383 query_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a few words clarifying reference to /sys/module Michael Kerrisk Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6 Michael Kerrisk Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+ Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add modinfo(8) and lsinfo(8) Michael Kerrisk Move some information in NOTES to VERSIONS socketcall.2 Michael Kerrisk Update note on architectures that don't have socketcall() Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM. times.2 Thomas Habets Recommend clock_gettime(2) as alternative to times(2) clock_getcpuclockid.3 Michael Kerrisk Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward fts.3 Simon Paillard [James Youngman] Improve description of physical vs. logical tree walking See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633505 getenv.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/meminfo Info mostly taken from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt and Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt. Michael Kerrisk Default for /proc/sys/fs/protected_{hardlinks,symlinks} is now 0 The default setting of 1 in/proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks and /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks caused one too many breakages for Linus's taste, so commit 561ec64ae67e changed the default for both files to 0. Note system call error yielded by /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks Note that violating 'protected_symlinks' restrictions causes system calls to fail with the error EACCES. Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 2.6.27, /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe depends on CONFIG_MODULES ipv6.7 Bert Hubert Document IPV6_RECVPKTINFO man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Note rules for capitalization in NAME section time.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a subsection on timer slack ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.45 ==================== Released: 2012-12-21, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Cyril Hrubis David Prévot Elie De Brauwer Eric Dumazet Felipe Pena Florian Weimer Gao Feng Jan Glauber Jim Paris Jon Grant Julien Cristau Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Rens van der Heijden Simon Paillard Thierry Vignaud Trevor Woerner YOSHIFUJI Hideaki Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- s390_runtime_instr.2 Jan Glauber New page for s390-specific s390_runtime_instr(2) if_nameindex.3 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki Document if_nameindex(3) and if_freenameindex(3) Michael Kerrisk Edits, improvements and corrections to Hideaki's page Michael Kerrisk Add an example program if_nametoindex.3 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki New page documenting if_nametoindex(3) and if_indextoname(3) New and changed links --------------------- if_freenameindex.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to if_nameindex.3 if_indextoname.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to if_nametoindex.3 Global changes -------------- sysconf.3 cciss.4 Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/runtime/run time/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Since 2.6.30, CLONE_NEWIPC also supports POSIX message queues delete_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Small rewording of description of effect of O_TRUNC getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner] Document Linux's nonstandard treatment or RLIMIT_CPU soft limit Upon encountering the RLIMIT_CPU soft limit when a SIGXCPU handler has been installed, Linux invokes the signal handler *and* raises the soft limit by one second. This behavior repeats until the limit is encountered. No other implementation that I tested (Solaris 10, FreeBSD 9.0, OpenBSD 5.0) does this, and it seems unlikely to be POSIX-conformant. The (Linux-specific) RLIMIT_RTTIME soft limit exhibits similar behavior. Michael Kerrisk Point reader at discussion of /proc/[pid]/limits in proc(5) io_getevents.2 Michael Kerrisk io_getevents() may cause segfault when called with invalid ctx_id For reference see: http://marc.info/?l=linux-aio&m=130089887002435&w=2 recv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC since 3.4 sendmmsg.2 Elie De Brauwer Add example program for sendmmsg() stat.2 Simon Paillard Clarify description of EOVERFLOW error The EOVERFLOW error is not only for st_size, but also inode and block size fields. See glibc source file sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/xstatconv.c and kernel source file fs/stat.c. Also, fix bit/byte confusion See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604928 syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Update various references to "i386" to "x86" Michael Kerrisk Add s390_runtime_instr(2) sysctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL Michael Kerrisk Calls to sysctl() log warnings to the kernel log since 2.6.24 syslog.2 Michael Kerrisk Substantially reorganize discussion of commands Make the layout of the discussion of the commands more readable. Michael Kerrisk Add kernel symbolic 'type' names Michael Kerrisk Clarify SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD semantics SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD returns the number of bytes available for reading via SYSLOG_ACTION_READ. Michael Kerrisk Clarify where SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL places data it reads Michael Kerrisk Clarify semantics of SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR The SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR command (5) does not really clear the ring buffer; rather it affects the semantics of what is returned by commands 3 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL) and 4 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_CLEAR). Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion of privileges for commands 3 and 10 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT wait.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: Document odd waitid() behavior when 'infop' is NULL getifaddrs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau] Update description of ifa_data to Linux 2.6+ reality See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778 memcmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")." mkstemp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Deemphasize discussion of mode 066 in glibc 2.0.6 Glibc 2.0.6 is now so ld that the discussion of details of that version can be deemphasized placing just under NOTES. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51811 strcmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")." ttyname.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix confused text in ERRORS The existing text suggested that the ERRORS applied only for ttyname_r(). However, 2 of the 3 errors can occur for ttyname(). undocumented.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove some now documented functions proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Jim Paris] Correct description of SwapFree in /proc/meminfo Michael Kerrisk Note change of /proc/[pid]/limits file permissions in 2.6.36 resolv.conf.5 Simon Paillard Document IPv6 format for nameserver See: http://bugs.debian.org/610036 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk [Rens van der Heijden] Correct URL for POSIX.1e draft ipv6.7 Gao Feng Add description of getsockopt() for IPV6_MTU In IPv4,IP_MTU is only supported by getsockopt. In IPv6, we can use IPV6_MTU to set socket's MTU, but the return value of getsockopt() is the path MTU. rtnetlink.7 Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau] Update description of IFLA_STATS to Linux 2.6+ reality See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778 socket.7 Michael Kerrisk [YOSHIFUJI Hideaki] Document 'sockaddr' and 'sockaddr_storage' types Andi Kleen Explain effect of SO_SNDTIMEO for connect() When SO_SNDTIMEO is set before connect(), then connect() may return EWOULDBLOCK when the timeout fires. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.46 ==================== Released: 2013-01-27, Canberra Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrew Perepechko Cédric Boutillier Cyrill Gorcunov Daan Spitz David Prévot Elie De Brauwer Garrett Cooper James Noble Justin Lebar Kees Cook Lucas De Marchi Mark Hills Maxin B. John Michael Kerrisk Michal Gorny Peter Budny Peter Lekeynstein Rusty Russell Samuel Thibault Sam Varshavchik Shawn Landden Simon Paillard Starlight Theodore Ts'o Wolfgang Rohdewald Zsbán Ambrus Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- kcmp.2 Cyrill Gorcunov, Michael Kerrisk New page for kcmp(2) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- init_module.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Rusty Russell, Lucas De Marchi] Document finit_module(2) Rusty Russell [Lucas De Marchi, Kees Cook] Document finit_module() 'flags' argument Document MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_MODVERSIONS and MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_VERMAGIC. (Some edits by mtk.) New and changed links --------------------- finit_module.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to init_module.2 __after_morecore_hook.3 __free_hook.3 __malloc_initialize_hook.3 __memalign_hook.3 __realloc_hook.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to malloc_hook.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/tty/terminal/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel versions for various CLONE_* constants Michael Kerrisk CLONE_NEWIPC governs mechanisms that don't have filesystem pathnames Michael Kerrisk CLONE_NEWIPC doesn't mount the POSIX MQ file system Michael Kerrisk Add an example program (CLONE_NEWUTS) Michael Kerrisk Some reworking of CLONE_NEWIPC text No substantial content changes. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2) SEE ALSO: add setns(2) fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk FALLOC_FL_* flags are defined in glibc only since 2.18 getxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Perepechko, ] Note that ENOATTR is a synonym for ENODATA Various people have pointed out that strace(1) shows ENODATA for the case where the named attribute does not exist, or the process has no access to this attribute. ENODATA and ENOATTR are in fact defined as synonyms. Point this out in the man page, so that people understand the strace(1) info. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51871 getxattr.2 listxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Put errors under ERRORS section The errno values on these pages were listed in a nonstandard way under the RETURN VALUE section. Put them in ERRORS sections. init_module.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] ERRORS: Add errors for module signatures (EBADMSG, ENOKEY) link.2 mkdir.2 mknod.2 open.2 rename.2 symlink.2 write.2 mkfifo.3 Mark Hills Document EDQUOT error The return error EDQUOT is not documented in open(2), write(2), symlink(2) etc. Whether inodes or disk blocks are required for each function is something I based on received wisdom and BSD documentation, rather than tracing the code to the kernel. For symlink(2) this certainly depends on the file system type. listxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o] Fix RETURN VALUE description On success, 0 may be returned, so change wording from "positive number" to "nonnegative number". outb.2 Michael Kerrisk Add SYNOPSIS prctl.2 Kees Cook Document PR_SET_PTRACER Document the Yama LSM's prctl handler that allows processes to declare ptrace restriction exception relationships via PR_SET_PTRACER. Michael Kerrisk Make it explicit that PR_SET_PTRACER replaces previous setting The attribute is a scalar, not a list. Shawn Landden Document EINVAL error for PR_SET_PTRACER Michael Kerrisk Document PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk Document PTRACE_O_EXITKILL Michael Kerrisk Place PTRACE_SETOPTIONS list in alphabetical order query_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Must be called using syscall(2) Yes, the call is way obsolete, but add this info for completeness. recvmmsg.2 Elie De Brauwer Add/correct kernel version info for recvmmsg() and MSG_WAITFORNONE This patch isolates the since/version related fixes as requested. This change introduces the following delta: * The page states it was added in 2.6.32 but it is only added 2.6.33 (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_33) * The MSG_WAITFORONE flag was in turn only added in 2.6.34 (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_34) Elie De Brauwer Add an example program setns.2 Michael Kerrisk Add example program sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk [Zsbán Ambrus] Note feature test macro requirements for 'siginfo_t' See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52931 syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add kern_features(2) Michael Kerrisk Add utrap_install(2) Sparc-specific, present since ancient times Michael Kerrisk Add finit_module(2) sysctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Garrett Cooper] ERRORS: EACCES as a synonym for EPRM See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731 and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/11413/focus=957635 From: Garrett Cooper gmail.com> Subject: Re: [LTP] [PATCH] sysctl03: sysctl returns EACCES after 2.6.33-rc1 Newsgroups: gmane.linux.kernel, gmane.linux.ltp Date: 2010-03-04 18:35:33 GMT unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Update NOTES on unimplemented flags Michael Kerrisk Fix text problems in description of CLONE_FS Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2) SEE ALSO: add setns(2) Michael Kerrisk Reorder CLONE_NEWUTS entry in list difftime.3 Michael Kerrisk [Michal Gorny] Remove crufty text about 'time_t' on "other systems" Back in 2006, some text came in via Debian patches that seems crufty. Remove it. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731 getaddrinfo.3 getnameinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Budny] Fix some confused references to function names See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52741 getspnam.3 Michael Kerrisk [Wolfgang Rohdewald] ERRORS: Add EACCES See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52681 __setfpucw.3 Michael Kerrisk Add proper page cross refs for alternate functions core.5 proc.5 Kees Cook Clarify suid_dumpable versus core_pattern In Linux 3.6, additional requirements were placed on core_pattern when suid_dumpable is set to 2. Document this and include commit references. Justin Lebar statm's "shared" field refers to pages backed by files I noticed that statm's "shared" field doesn't match the sum of all the "shared" entries in smaps [1]. The kernel docs explain that statm's "shared" field is "number of pages that are shared (i.e. backed by a file)" [2]. smaps appears to call a page shared if it's mapped by at least two processes, which explains this discrepancy. I'm not a kernel hacker, but it appears to me they do mean "i.e." and not "e.g." in the statm description: In fs/proc/task_mmu.c::task_statm, I see *shared = get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES); Here's a patch which updates the man page to match the (hopefully correct) kernel docs. [1] https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=807181 [2] http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt;h=a1793d670cd01bd374eddf54ffdfc768504291ff;hb=HEAD proc.5 Kees Cook Put /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug in alphabetical order Kees Cook Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict Kees Cook Linux 3.4 changed permissions needed to change kptr_restrict Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard] Add field numbers for /proc/PID/stat See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 Add numbering to /proc/stat "cpu" fields See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 Michael Kerrisk Reorganize text describing /proc/stat "cpu" fields Michael Kerrisk Rewording of suid_dumpable text after comments from Kees Cook Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard] Add field numbers for /proc/[pid]/statm See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/stat "cpu" "nice_guest" field Info taken from commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Lekeynstein] Document /prod/[pid]/oom_score_adj Text taken directly from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, with some light editing. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50421 shells.5 Michael Kerrisk Add /etc/bash to list of example shells ttytype.5 Michael Kerrisk Add proper xref for termcap and terminfo pages capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add kcmp(2) under CAP_SYS_PTRACE man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Update description of Section 7 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.47 ==================== Released: 2013-02-12, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: David Prévot D. Barbier Lennart Poettering Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peter Schiffer Radek Pazdera Reuben Thomas Shawn Landden Simon Paillard Vince Weaver Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- perf_event_open.2 Vincent Weaver New page documenting perf_event_open(2) pthread_setname_np.3 Chandan Apsangi, Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_setname_np(3) and pthread_getname_np(3) sln.8 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] New page documenting the 'sln' command provided by glibc Inspired by a Red Hat downstream page, but with rather more detail. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden, Lennart Poettering] Document PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER and PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER ip.7 Radek Pazdera Add source-specific multicast sockopts This patch adds documentation of several source-specific multicast socket options that were added to kernel with implementation of IGMPv3 in 2.5.68. The following socket options were added: IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_BLOCK_SOURCE IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE IP_MSFILTER Pages moved across sections --------------------------- getcontext.3 Michael Kerrisk This page really belongs in Section 3 (moved from Section 2) getdtablesize.3 Michael Kerrisk Move from Section 2 New and changed links --------------------- getcontext.2 Michael Kerrisk Make link to page moved into Section 3 getdtablesize.2 Michael Kerrisk Link to renamed getdtablesize.3 setcontext.2 Michael Kerrisk Modify link to point to Section 3 pthread_getname_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_setname_np.3 setcontext.3 Michael Kerrisk Link to getcontext page renamed into Section 3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1) flock.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add flock(1) fork.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add exit(2) getpriority.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: note that nice value is per-thread on Linux getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add prlimit(1) gettid.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add various system calls that use thread IDs ioprio_set.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ionice(1) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add taskset(1) sched_setparam.2 Michael Kerrisk Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux Direct the reader to the discussion in sched_setscheduler(2). sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chrt(1) setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add setsid(1) shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] ERRORS: Add EIDRM Taken from Red Hat downstream patch sigaction.2 makecontext.3 Michael Kerrisk Change getcontext/setcontext page ref to Section 3 signal.2 Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] Clarify System V vs BSD semantics for signal() syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk The list on this page is not just syscalls common to all platforms Michael Kerrisk Add perfctr(2) Add ppc_rtas(2) Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version number of utrap_install(2) unimplemented.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Remove mention of kernel version number in DESCRIPTION inet.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Fix error in EXAMPLE using inet_aton() See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=837090 Patch taken from Red Hat downstream. posix_fallocate.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1) regex.3 Reuben Thomas Clarify details of matching The first is that it's far from clear that the end points of the complete string match are stored in the zero'th element of the regmatch_t array; secondly, the phrase "next largest substring match" is positively misleading, implying some sort of size ordering, whereas in fact they are ordered according to their appearance in the regex pattern. scanf.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify meaning of "string conversions" for 'm' modifier Mike Frysinger Update %a vs %m documentation POSIX.1-2008 adopted the 'm' flag for dynamic allocation. Update page to cover it and relegate the glibc-specific 'a' flag to NOTES. strtol.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Replace some bogus text about "thousands separator" See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=652870 sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Use "_SC_PAGESIZE" consistently on page s/_SC_PAGE_SIZE/_SC_PAGESIZE/ in one instance. From Red Hat downstream patch. nscd.conf.5 Peter Schiffer Add max-db-size and auto-propagate descriptions, default values, + misc * added missing valid services (services and netgroup) * added many default values for options * reordered options according to the nscd.conf file (logical order) * added 2 missing options: max-db-size and auto-propagate nsswitch.conf.5 Peter Schiffer Mention initgroups db proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/profile Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Update /proc/sys/fs/file-nr to include Linux 2.6 details Michael Kerrisk Clarify relationship between file-max and file-nr The third value in /proc/sys/fs/file-nr is the same as the value in /proc/sys/fs/file-max. Michael Kerrisk Note message written to kernel log when file-max limit is hit Info from Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt. Michael Kerrisk Mention lscpu(1) under discussion of /proc/cpuinfo resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Document "single-request-reopen" option Taken from Red Hat downstream patch See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=717770 See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/3161 utmp.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1) cpuset.7 Simon Paillard Add missing 'cpuset.' prefix for some flags See kernel commit e21a05cb408bb9f244f11a0813d4b355dad0822e svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ipcmk(1), ipcrm(1), ipcs(1) termio.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), stty(1), tty(4) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] LD_VERBOSE does not work with ld.so --list and --verify From Red Hat downstream patch See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=532629 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sln(8) zdump.8 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Bring up to date with zdump --help Patch taken from Red Hat downstream. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.48 ==================== Released: 2013-03-05, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrey Vagin Aristeu Rozanski Colin Walters Cyril Hrubis Cyrill Gorcunov Daniel P. Berrange David Prévot D. Barbier Denys Vlasenko Flavio Leitner Graham Gower Ivana Varekova Kai Kunschke Marcela Maslanova Marc Lehmann Marshel Abraham Michael Kerrisk Nathan Stratton Treadway Pavel Emelyanov Peter Schiffer Simon Heimberg Simon Paillard Török Edwin Ulrich Drepper Zack Weinberg Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getunwind.2 Marcela Maslanova New page documenting getunwind(2) Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages set Michael Kerrisk Much rewriting Some text taken from arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c. perfmonctl.2 Ivana Varekova New page documenting IA-64-specific perfmonctl(2) Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT Add VERSIONS and CONFORMING TO Note that there is no glibc wrapper Remove PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS, PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS These don't exist, and it appears they never have. Fix argument types for PFM_WRITE_PMCS, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, PFM_READ_PMDS The types that were being used don't exist! Briefly document PFM_GET_FEATURES, PFM_DEBUG, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL gai.conf.5 Ulrich Drepper New page documenting gai.conf Taken from Red Hat downstream pages nss.5 Ulrich Drepper New page describing nss.conf Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clock_getres.2 Cyril Hrubis Document CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE Cyril Hrubis Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME Michael Kerrisk Some improvements to CLOCK_BOOTTIME description ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, PTRACE_SEIZE, and friends Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, PTRACE_SEIZE, PTRACE_INTERRUPT, and PTRACE_LISTEN. New and changed links --------------------- fattach.2 fdetach.2 getmsg.2 isastream.2 putmsg.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] New link to unimplemented.2 Taken from Red Hat downstream. See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407 Global changes -------------- Many pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings Many pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings Many pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: use consistent capitalization in .SS headings Capitalization in .SS sections across pages (and sometimes even within a single page) is wildly inconsistent. Make it consistent. Capitalize first word in heading, but otherwise use lower case, except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or programming language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate otherwise. Many pages Michael Kerrisk [Denys Vlasenko] Remove double blank lines in output Various pages Michael Kerrisk Fix order of SH sections Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 Michael Kerrisk NAME: Add "accept4" access.2 Colin Walters Note that access() may also fail for FUSE Since in some cases (e.g. libguestfs's guestmount) it also has the semantics where files can appear owned by root, but are actually mutable by the user, despite what one might infer from the Unix permissions. getpeername.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kai Kunschke] Clarify semantics of getpeername() for datagram sockets See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674034 getuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove duplicate section heading mmap.2 Cyril Hrubis Add note about partial page in BUGS section This adds a note about Linux behavior with partial page at the end of the object. The problem here is that a page that contains only part of a file (because the file size is not multiple of PAGE_SIZE) stays in page cache even after the mapping is unmapped and the file is closed. So if some process dirties such page, other mappings will see the changes rather than zeroes. Michael Kerrisk [Török Edwin] Some 'flags' values require a feature test macro to be defined Add text to NOTES noting that some MAP_* constants are defined only if a suitable feature test macro is defined. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=542601 Cyril Hrubis Document EOVERFLOW error open.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify list of file creation flags POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarified this, so that O_CLOEXEC, O_DIRECTORY, and O_NOFOLLOW are also in this list. prctl.2 Cyrill Gorcunov Add some details for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS read.2 Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] Clarify interaction of count==0 and error checking POSIX deliberately leaves this case open, so the man page should be less specific about what happens. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533232 Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann] Remove crufty text about O_NONBLOCK on files See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=700529 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details for seekable files unimplemented.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Add various STREAMS interfaces to NAME Taken from Red Hat downstream. See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407 cexp2.3 Michael Kerrisk Still does not exist in glibc 2.17 exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that a call to execve() clears exit handler registrations getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add gai.conf(5) malloc_trim.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove duplicate section title printf.3 Marshel Abraham [Graham Gower, Graham Gower] Fix error handling in example code See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23282 pthread_yield.3 Michael Kerrisk [Aristeu Rozanski] Add _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro to SYNOPSIS resolver.3 resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk [Nathan Stratton Treadway, Simon Heimberg] RES_DEBUG is only available if glibc is compiled with debug support See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=692136 and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43061 strtol.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Remove crufty text from previous fix core.5 Michael Kerrisk Document CONFIG_COREDUMP capabilities.7 Andrey Vagin Nonexistent bits are no longer shown as set in /proc/PID/status Cap* inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk A monitoring process can't easily distinguish events triggered by itself ip.7 Flavio Leitner [Peter Schiffer] Improve explanation about calling listen() or connect() man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe rules for capitalization in .SS headings rtnetlink.7 Pavel Emelyanov Add info about ability to create links with given index Since kernel v3.7 the RTM_NEWLINK message now accepts nonzero values in ifi_index field. Mention this fact in the respective rtnetlink.7 section. socket.7 Pavel Emelyanov SO_BINDTODEVICE is now readable SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since kernel 3.8. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.49 ==================== Released: 2013-03-10, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Michael Kerrisk Global changes -------------- The goal of the changes below to consistently format copyright and license information in the comments in the page source at the top of each page. This allows for easy scripting to extract that information. Following these changes the comments the top of the page source should now consistently have the form: .\" .\" .\" %%%LICENSE_START() .\" .\" %%%LICENSE_END .\" Note that the 'license-type' is merely descriptive. Its purpose is to simplify scripting for the purpose of gathering statistics on types of licenses used in man-pages. It is NOT a statement about the actual licensing of the page; that license is contain INSIDE the LICENSE_START...LICENSE_END clause. All pages Michael Kerrisk Add a LICENSE_START()...LICENSE_END clause in source at top of each page that encapsulates the license text. Michael Kerrisk Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE Various pages Michael Kerrisk Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove "Hey Emacs" comment in page source Only certain pages have this; there is no consistency, so remove it from all pages Michael Kerrisk Remove "-*- nroff -*-" comment at top of source ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.50 ==================== Released: 2013-03-15, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrey Vagin Bernhard Kuemel Elie De Brauwer Erik Saule Florian Weimer Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs Jonathan Nieder Jose Luis Domingo Lopez Mark R Bannister Michael Kerrisk Sam Varshavchik Simon Paillard Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- canonicalize_file_name.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite page, adding much more detail Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/END_LICENSE/LICENSE_END/ Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/bitmask/bit mask/ Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getent.1 Mark R Bannister netgroup description incorrectly refers to initgroups capget.2 Michael Kerrisk Update URL for libcap fork.2 Michael Kerrisk Port access permission bits (ioperm()) are turned off in the child futex.2 Michael Kerrisk 'timeout' is a minimum duration that the call will wait, not a maximum ioperm.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that iopl() level of 3 is needed to access ports Michael Kerrisk 'num' is *bits* not bytes! Michael Kerrisk Linux 2.6.8 lifted the port limit to 65,536 See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/202624/ From: Stas Sergeev aknet.ru> Subject: [patch][rfc] Larger IO bitmap Date: 2004-05-07 19:55:03 GMT Michael Kerrisk ioperm() operates on the calling *thread* (not process) Michael Kerrisk Clarify meaning of 'turn_on' argument Plus form formatting fixes. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that default state of permission bits in child is off Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add mention of /proc/ioports Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add outb(2) iopl.2 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required to *raise* the I/O privilege level Michael Kerrisk Clarify that the two least significant bits of 'level' are what matter Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add outb(2) syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add version information for all (other) syscalls Michael Kerrisk Add perfmonctl(2) futimes.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder] ERRORS: Add ENOSYS for lutimes() See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=620746 getpass.3 Michael Kerrisk [Erik Saule] Suggest use of the ECHO flag as an alternative See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=644261 realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk Document GNU extensions for EACCES and ENOENT errors stdarg.3 Michael Kerrisk [Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs] Describe va_copy() See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=575077 termios.3 Michael Kerrisk [Bernhard Kuemel] Mention that noncanonical mode does not do input processing See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=643854 random.4 Elie De Brauwer Document write and document the ioctl interface of /dev/random The update consists out of two parts: - a minor thing which just documents what happens if a write to /dev/(u)random is performed, which is used in the example script but not explicitly mentioned. - the other (biggest) part is the documentation of the ioctl() interface which /dev/(u)random exposes. This ioctl() lives in drivers/char/random.c and the primitives can be found in include/linux/random.h One comment remains, there used to be an RNDGETPOOL ioctl() which disappeared in v2.6.9. I found two patches on the net: - http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.8.1/2.6.8.1-mm4/broken-out/dev-random-remove-rndgetpool-ioctl.patch - https://lkml.org/lkml/2004/3/25/168 But as far as I can tell the first one got applied but the 2nd one seems more correct. The result is that even today one can still find traces of the RNDGETPOOL ioctl() in the header files. Is this there for historical reasons or because it might break userspace, even though using it will just give an EINVAL. bootparam.7 Jose Luis Domingo Lopez Document 'rootfstype' option See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182014 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add various pieces under CAP_SYS_RAWIO Info obtained by grepping the kernel source. Michael Kerrisk Add CAP_SYS_RESOURCE /proc/PID/oom_score_adj case netlink.7 Andrey Vagin Add a note about broadcast messages to multiple groups socket.7 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Define _GNU_SOURCE to obtain the definition of 'struct ucred' See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572210 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.51 ==================== Released: 2013-04-17, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andreas Jaeger Andrew Clayton Brian M. Carlson Changhee Han Cyril Hrubis Damien Grassart David Prévot Denis Barbier Jeff Moyer Krzysztof Konopko Kyle McMartin Mark H Weaver Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nicolas Hillegeer Pavel Emelyanov Peter Schiffer Radek Pazdera Ralph Loader Simon Paillard The Wanderer Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- sched_rr_get_interval.2 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms proc.5 Pavel Emelyanov Document /proc/[pid]/map_files directory This directory was added in Linux v3.3 and provides info about files being mmap-ed in a way very similar to how /proc/[pid]/fd works. v2: Added examples of how links look like and noted dependency on kernel config option CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE. Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: fix placement of word "only" Various pages Simon Paillard License headers: consistent format Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/since kernel/since Linux/ Various System V IPC pages in Section 2 Michael Kerrisk Add "System V" to .TH line and text Make it clear that these pages relate to System V IPC, not POSIX IPC. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 Michael Kerrisk [The Wanderer] Clarify RETURN VALUE for F_OK See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=705293 alarm.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct the description of behavior when 'seconds' is 0 clone.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer] Add prototype for syscall to SYNOPSIS And further clarify the distinction between the system call and the wrapper function in the introductory text. Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Clarify differences between clone2() syscall and wrapper function Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Note those architectures where the sys_clone argument order differs Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Add short subsection noting that blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different Michael Kerrisk Move clone2() text to subsection in description The description of ia64 clone2() should follow the discussion of the raw system call interface. Michael Kerrisk Change subhead for ia64 discussion getcpu.2 Michael Kerrisk Recommend that 'tcache' should be specified as NULL nowadays io_cancel.2 Jeff Moyer, Michael Kerrisk [Cyril Hrubis] Improve description io_destroy.2 Jeff Moyer Improve description The description was rather vague, citing a "list of I/O contexts" and stating that it "can" cancel outstanding requests. This update makes things more concrete so that the reader knows exactly what's going on. io_getevents.2 Jeff Moyer The 'timeout' argument is not updated I looked back through the kernel code, and the timeout was never updated in any case. I've submitted a patch upstream to change the comment above io_getevents. io_setup.2 Jeff Moyer Clarify nr_events nr_events is technically the number of completion events that can be stored in the completion ring. The wording of the man page: "capable of receiving at least nr_events" seems dubious to me, only because I worry that folks might interpret that to mean 'nr_events' total, instead of 'nr_events' concurrently. Further, I've added information on where to find the per-user limit on 'nr_events', /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr. Let me know if you think that is not relevant. listxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain use of 'size' argument lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger] _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to get SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE definitions See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15312 mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Add pointers to relevant /proc files described in proc(5) posix_fadvise.2 pread.2 readahead.2 sync_file_range.2 truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to syscall(2) for ABI semantics on certain 32-bit architectures Also: in sync_file_range.2 and posix_fadvise.2 remove description of conventional calling signature as flawed, and in posix_fadvise.2, de-emphasize focus on ARM, and rather phrase as a more general discussion of certain architectures. readdir.2 Michael Kerrisk readdir(2) doesn't exist on x86-64 semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the discussion of 'semadj' shmctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to proc(5) for description of /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced syscall.2 Changhee Han Add notes that caution users when passing arguments to syscall() For example, passing 'long long' on ARM-32 requires special treatment. Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] Document the exact calling convention for architecture system calls Mike Frysinger [Kyle McMartin] Add PA-RISC details under calling conventions Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Refine discussion of ARM and other ABIs syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Update kernel version number at start of list umask.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add acl(5) unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 fopencookie.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Loader] Correct definition of cookie_io_functions_t pthread_setname_np.3 Andrew Clayton The thread argument is passed in by value readir.3 seekdir.3 telldir.3 Michael Kerrisk Eliminate the implication that these functions deal with "offsets" The directory position dealt with by the readdir() and friends is not a simple file offset in modern file systems. Typically, it is some kind of cookie value. Add text and make other changes to these pages to eliminate the implication that this is an offset, and warn the reader that directory positions should be treated strictly as opaque values. In the process, rename the 'offset' argument of seekdir(3) to 'loc', and add some text to readdir(3) to note that the 'd_off' field is the same value returned by telldir(3) at the current directory position. See also https://lwn.net/Articles/544298/ scalb.3 Mark H Weaver Fix prototypes for scalbf() and scalbl() sched_getcpu.3 Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14 See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749 ualarm.3 Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Hillegeer] Add note on the behavior when 'usecs' is zero POSIX.1-2001 does not specify the behavior in this case and no other system that I checked documented the behavior. Probably, most or all systems do what Linux does in this case: cancel any pending alarm, just as alarm(0) does. Add that info in NOTES. elf.5 Mike Frysinger Add byte positions for all EI_xxx fields When describing e_ident, most of the EI_xxx defines mention the exact byte number. This is useful when manually hacking an ELF with a hex editor. However, the last few fields don't do this, which means you have to count things up yourself. Add a single word to each so you don't have to do that. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Refer to sched_rr_get_interval(2) for info on sched_rr_timeslice_ms Since Linux 3.9, /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms can be used to change the SCHED_RR quantum. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add sysctl(8) Krzysztof Konopko Simplify the example of printing out environ The binutils package contains a very handy utility to print out null-byte delimited strings from a file. This can replace a rather complex expression with cat(1) provided as an example for printing out /proc/[pid]/environ. Michael Kerrisk Update /proc/PID/maps example Update to 64-bit example that includes "[heap]", "[stack], and "[vdso]" Michael Kerrisk Formatting fixes for /proc/PID/maps Mike Frysinger Document the "pathname" field of /proc/PID/maps Michael Kerrisk Add reference to capabilities(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/maps: add a reference to mmap(2) ip.7 Radek Pazdera Document IP_MULTICAST_ALL This commit adds documentation for the IP_MULTICAST_ALL socket option. The option was added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.31: Author Nivedita Singhvi Commit f771bef98004d9d141b085d987a77d06669d4f4f The description is based on a previous one [3] posted by the original author of the code -- Nivedita, but it is slightly re-worded. I tested it myself and it works as described. References: [1] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c#L972 [2] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/igmp.c#L2267 [3] http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/28902/ units.7 Brian M. Carlson units should use an actual µ The units(7) man page uses an ASCII u in place of the actual Greek letter mu. Since we're in the twenty-first century, with UTF-8-compatible terminals and terminal emulators, we should use the actual letter µ instead of an ASCII approximation. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=704787 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.52 ==================== Released: 2013-07-04, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Bunk Andrea Remondini Anthony Foiani Brian Norris Cyril Hrubis Dan Jacobson David Prévot Eric S. Raymond Georg Sauthoff Jeff Moyer Jérémie Galarneau Jon Grant Manuel Traut Марк Коренберг Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Pavel Emelyanov Peng Haitao Peter LaDow Petr Gajdos Regid Siddhesh Poyarekar Simone Piccardi Simon Paillard Vince Weaver Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Add PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP documentation The perf_event_open() ENABLE/DISABLE/RESET ioctls can take an argument, PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP. This wasn't documented at all until about a year ago (despite the support being there from the beginning) so I missed this when initially writing the man page. socket.7 Pavel Emelyanov, Michael Kerrisk Document SO_PEEK_OFF option Since Linux 3.4 there appeared an ability to specify the offset in bytes from which the data will be MSG_PEEK-ed. Describe this socket option in the socket(7) page, where all the other socket options are described. Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting readdir.2 asprintf. getline.3 getlogin.3 pthread_setname_np.3 readdir.3 strerror.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Clarify that terminating null byte is '\0' Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 Peter LaDow Add envp to the Linux notes about NULL pointers During the review of static analysis results, we discovered a functional, but non-portable, use of execve(). For example: char *cmd[] = { "/path/to/some/file", NULL }; execve(cmd[0], cmd, NULL); The call succeeds. Yet, the static analysis tool (rightly) pointed out that envp could be dereferenced. But digging into glibc and the kernel, it appears that like argv, envp when NULL is treated as if it were an empty list. So, to clear things up, I'm submitting this patch to update the man page to indicate that envp is treated like argv. fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error io_setup.2 Cyril Hrubis [Jeff Moyer] Clarify the nr_events parameter Currently the io_setup.2 man page describes what the kernel really does, i.e., that the resulting context may be able to hold more than the 'nr_event's operations because the memory allocated in kernel is rounded to be multiple of page size. It is better not to expose this implementation detail and simply state that the resulting context is suitable for 'nr_events' operations. perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark fields Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark fields a bit, based on info from kernel commit cfeb1d90a1b1. Vince Weaver Update to match the Linux 3.10 release This patch updates the perf_event_open() documentation to include new interfaces added in the 3.10 kernel. It also documents a few [To be documented] instances left over from the 3.7 kernel. Vince Weaver Small correction to description of 'flags' argument prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note equivalents of PR_SET_NAME pthread_setname_np() and pthread_getname_np() and /proc/self/task/TID/comm provide access to the same attribute. pread.2 Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] pread() and pwrite() are especially useful in multithreaded applications recv.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error semctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] 'sem_nsems' is 'unsigned long' since Linux 2.4 shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite RETURN VALUE and mention that 'errno' is set on error sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk [Brian Norris] RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error signal.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error sigpending.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error sigprocmask.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error sigsuspend.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error syscall.2 Mike Frysinger Document s390/s390x calling convention a64l.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function l64a() is not thread safe. abs.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions abs(), labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() are thread-safe. aio_error.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_error() is thread safe. aio_return.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_return() is thread safe. alloca.3 Adrian Bunk Correct information on getting non-inlined version with gcc+glibc - remove the incorrect information that -fno-builtin would help - add -std=c11 to the list of strict options - emphasize more that both the gcc option and not including alloca.h are needed - add the #ifdef from the glibc alloca.h to make the situation clearer bindresvport.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Before glibc 2.17, bindresvport() is not thread-safe. Since glibc 2.17, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL: http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=f6da27e53695ad1cc0e2a9490358decbbfdff5e5 canonicalize_file_name.3 Michael Kerrisk Put CONFORMING TO section in right location catgets.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Clarify that null byte is '\0' ceil.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ceil(), ceilf() and ceill() are thread safe. cimag.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cimag(), cimagf() and cimagl() are thread safe. clock_getcpuclockid.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function clock_getcpuclockid() is thread safe. conj.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions conj(), conjf() and conjl() are thread safe. crypt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function crypt() is not thread safe. ctermid.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function ctermid() is thread safe with exceptions. dirfd.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error drand48.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions drand48(), erand48(), lrand48(), nrand48(), mrand48(), jrand48(), srand48(), seed48() and lcong48() are not thread safe. ecvt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions ecvt() and fcvt() return a string located in a static buffer which is overwritten by the next call to the functions, so they are not thread-safe. encrypt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions encrypt() and setkey() are not thread safe. ether_aton.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions ether_aton() and ether_ntoa() are not thread safe. fcloseall.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function fcloseall() is not thread safe. ferror.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ferror(), clearerr(), feof() and fileno() are thread safe. fgetgrent.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error fgetpwent.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error fgetwc.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error fmtmsg.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Before glibc 2.16, fmtmsg() is not thread-safe. Since glibc 2.16, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL: http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94 fputwc.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error getdate.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe getgrent.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function getgrent() is not thread safe. getgrnam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe getline.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error getlogin.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function getlogin() is not thread safe. The function cuserid() is thread-safe with exceptions. Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error getpass.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe getpwent.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function getpwent() is not thread safe. getpwnam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe getspnam.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error getttyent.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe getusershell.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions getusershell(), setusershell() and endusershell() are not thread safe. getutent.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error hsearch.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error hsearch.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions hsearch(), hcreate() and hdestroy() are not thread-safe. localeconv.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The function localeconv() returns a pointer to a structure which might be overwritten by subsequent calls to localeconv() or by calls to setlocale(), so it is not thread-safe. Peng Haitao Add RETURN VALUE section malloc_info.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error mblen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function mblen() is not thread safe. mbrlen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function mbrlen() is thread safe with exceptions. mbrtowc.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function mbrtowc() is thread safe with exceptions. mktemp.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error modf.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions modf(), modff() and modfl() are thread safe. popen.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 Michael Kerrisk Note the scheduling attributes affected by this function pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 pthread_attr_setscope.3 Michael Kerrisk [Manuel Traut, Siddhesh Poyarekar] The inherit-scheduler attribute must be set to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED In order for the attributes set by these functions to have an effect, the caller must use pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3) to set the inherit-scheduler attribute of the attributes object to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED. ptsname.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function ptsname() is not thread safe. putenv.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error putpwent.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error qecvt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions qecvt() and qfcvt() are not thread-safe. random.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error Michael Kerrisk Add EINVAL error for setstate() Michael Kerrisk BUGS: initstate() does not return NULL on error http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15380 random_r.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error readdir.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The data returned by readdir() may be overwritten by subsequent calls to readdir() for the same directory stream, so it is not thread-safe. re_comp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions re_comp() and re_exec() are not thread safe. rexec.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions rexec() and rexec_af() are not thread safe. round.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions round(), roundf() and roundl() are thread safe. scalbln.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions scalbn(), scalbnf(), scalbnl(), scalbln(), scalblnf() and scalblnl() are thread safe. scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error siginterrupt.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error signbit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macro that is thread-safe The macro signbit() is thread safe. sigsetops.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error stdio_ext.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions __fbufsize(), __fpending(), __fpurge() and __fsetlocking() are not thread safe. strdup.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error strerror.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function strerror() is not thread safe. strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of return value Michael Kerrisk BUGS: 'errno' is not set if the result string would exceed 'max' bytes strtok.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function strtok() is not thread safe. Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] Add more detail on the operation of strtok() Add a number of missing details on the operation of strtok() tempnam.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error timegm.3 Jérémie Galarneau copy the string returned by getenv() The example of a portable version of timegm() uses the string returned by getenv() after calling setenv() on the same environment variable. The tz string may be invalid as per getenv.3: "The string pointed to by the return value of getenv() may be statically allocated, and can be modified by a subsequent call to getenv(), putenv(3), setenv(3), or unsetenv(3)." tmpnam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function tmpnam() is thread safe with exceptions. trunc.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions trunc(), truncf() and truncl() are thread safe. ttyname.3 Michael Kerrisk ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe ttyslot.3 Michael Kerrisk ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe usleep.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error wcsdup.3 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error core.5 Michael Kerrisk Implicitly adding the PID to a core filename was dropped in 2.6.27 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ anon_inode symlinks Mike Frysinger Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ symlinks a bit more Describe the type:[inode] syntax used in this dir bootparam.7 Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson] Remove outdated text on LILO and LoadLin Strike the discussion of LILO and LoadLin, which are long obsolete, and make a brief mention of GRUB. See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604019 Regid Remove mention of the deprecated rdev(8) The deprecated rdev(8) command was removed from util-linux in 2010. See https://git.kernel.org/?p=utils/util-linux/util-linux.git;a=commit;h=a3e40c14651fccf18e7954f081e601389baefe3fO Andrea Remondini Document the 'resume' boot parameter inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Clarify that null byte is '\0' iso_8859-2.7 Eric S. Raymond Remove incorrect reference to nonexistent groff glyph \[shc] The reference incorrectly attempted to duplicate an actual soft hyphen (hex 0xad) just before it in the file. man-pages.7 Peng Haitao Add description of "ATTRIBUTES" "ATTRIBUTES" section can mention thread safety, cancellation safety, and async-cancel-safety. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases udp.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.53 ==================== Released: 2013-07-31, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Al Viro Andrey Vagin Benjamin Poirier Chris Heath Chuck Coffing David Prévot Denys Vlasenko Dmitry V. Levin Felix Schulte Graud Michael Kerrisk Oleg Nesterov Peng Haitao Peter Schiffer Simon Paillard Vince Weaver Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- restart_syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk New page for restart_syscall(2) system call Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fchownat.2 Michael Kerrisk Document AT_EMPTY_PATH fstatat.2 Michael Kerrisk Document AT_EMPTY_PATH linkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Document AT_EMPTY_PATH open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Al Viro] Document O_PATH See also https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=885740 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_nanosleep.2 futex.2 nanosleep.2 poll.2 sigaction.2 sigreturn.2 signal.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2) open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Geoffrey Thomas] Remove warning that O_DIRECTORY is only for use with opendir(3) O_DIRECTORY can also be used with, for example, O_PATH. perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Improve PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation Vince Weaver Fix indentation of the MMAP layout section The indentation of the MMAP layout section wasn't quite right. I think this improves things but I admit I'm not an expert at the low-level indentation directives. Vince Weaver Update PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP info It turns out PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP was broken from 75f937f24bd9 (in Linux 2.6.31, the initial perf_event release) until 724b6daa1 (Linux 3.4). I've done some extensive kernel source code digging plus running tests of various kernels and I hope the info presented is accurate now. (Patch edited somewhat by mtk.) Vince Weaver Improve sysfs files documentation This improves the documentation of the various perf_event_open()-related sysfs files. ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] If SEIZE was used, initial auto-attach stop is EVENT_STOP For every PTRACE_O_TRACEfoo option, mention that old-style SIGSTOP is replaced by PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE attach was used. Mention the same thing again in the description of PTRACE_EVENT_STOP. Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] Mention that PTRACE_PEEK* libc API and kernel API are different Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin] Clarify PTRACE_INTERRUPT, PTRACE_LISTEN, and group-stop behavior readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Document use of empty 'pathname' argument Michael Kerrisk Change error check in example program from "< 0" to "== -1" Chuck Coffing Fix possible race condition in readlink.2 example I noticed that the example in the readlink.2 man pages does error checking for a race condition that would cause the value of the symbolic link to get larger. However, it doesn't handle the opposite case, in which the value gets shorter. (The NULL terminator is always set at the old, longer offset.) This could cause the program to operate on uninitialized data. setpgid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Graud] s/SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/ when discussing reads from terminal See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60504 clog2.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that these functions are still not present in glibc 2.17 dirfd.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function dirfd() is thread safe. div.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions div(), ldiv(), lldiv() and imaxdiv() are thread safe. fabs.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fabs(), fabsf() and fabsl() are thread safe. fdim.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fdim(), fdimf() and fdiml() are thread safe. fflush.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function fflush() is thread safe. finite.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions finite(), finitef(), finitel(), isinf(), isinff(), isinfl(), isnan(), isnanf() and isnanl() are thread safe. flockfile.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions flockfile(), ftrylockfile() and funlockfile() are thread safe. floor.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions floor(), floorf() and floorl() are thread safe. resolv.conf.5 Simon Paillard Explain how to set empty domain See http://bugs.debian.org/463575 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add open_by_handle_at(2) under CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Felix Schulte] Clarify description of IN_MOVED_FROM and IN_MOVED_TO man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION should note versions for new interface features or behavior udp.7 Benjamin Poirier Add missing #include directive Using the UDP_CORK socket option documented in udp.7 requires including . ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Rework rpath token expansion text Michael Kerrisk Describe $PLATFORM rpath token Michael Kerrisk Describe $LIB rpath token Michael Kerrisk Document LD_BIND_NOT Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] Add reference to pthreads(7) in discussion of LD_ASSUME_KERNEL ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.54 ==================== Released: 2013-09-17, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: A. Costa Akihiro MOTOKI Andreas Wiese Andrew Hunter Chen Gang Christopher Hall Christos Tsopokis David Prévot D. Barbier Doug Goldstein Elie De Brauwer Eugen Dedu Felix Janda G.raud Hannes Landeholm J. Bruce Fields J. Bruce Fields Johan Erlandsson Jon Grant Magnus Reftel Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Oleg Nesterov Peng Haitao Peter Schiffer Robert Harris Rodrigo Campos Simon Paillard Stas Vince Weaver Will Newton Zdenek Pavlas Zsbán Ambrus Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- ioctl_list.2 Zsbán Ambrus Document FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES The attached patch adds four ioctls from linux/msdos_fs.h to the ioctl_list(2) manpage. The ioctl FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES reads FAT attributes of a file a mounted vfat file system. I tested this on Linux 2.6.33, an example script can be found at http://www.perlmonks.com/?node_id=832623 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/ Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c, "filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources, so let's go with that. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 J. Bruce Fields Fix outdated NFS information Note that NFS versions since version 3 support an "access" call so that the client doesn't have to guess permissions or ID mapping on its own. (See RFC 1813 sections 1.7 and 3.3.4.) adjtimex.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add adjtimex(8) clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rodrigo Campos] Note circumstances in which "SMP" note applies. Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version for CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID appeared in 2.6.12. Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section futex.2 Michael Kerrisk The 'timeout' can be rounded upwards by clock granularity and also overrun kill.2 Michael Kerrisk Small improvements to text on historical rules for permissions nfsservctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note commands that were only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier open.2 Robert Harris Add mmap(2) to list of calls that fail when given an O_PATH descriptor Doug Goldstein Add EINVAL to errors list EINVAL can be returned by open(2) when the underlying filesystem doesn't support O_DIRECT. It is documented in the NOTES section but this patch adds it to the list of possible errors. perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK updates This started out as just adding the new perf_event_open features from Linux 3.11 (which was the addition of transactional memory defines for PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK samples) but turned into a general cleanup of the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation. The main clarification is that at least one of the non-privilege values must be set or else perf_event_open() will return an EINVAL error. Michael Kerrisk Reorder text describing fields of 'perf_event_header' structure Place the fields with the shorter descriptions first, to make the information easier to read. poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christos Tsopokis] Clarify that these system calls affect a per-thread attribute sched_setparam.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes) sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes) select.2 Michael Kerrisk [G.raud] Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval setfsgid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov] Clarify description of return value More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS Michael Kerrisk Correct header file in SYNOPSIS Michael Kerrisk Refer to setfsuid(2) for an explanation of why setfsgid() is obsolete Michael Kerrisk Wording improvements setfsuid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov] Clarify description of return value More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS Michael Kerrisk [Chen Gang] Clarify historical details and note that setfsuid() is obsolete Michael Kerrisk Wording improvements Michael Kerrisk Correct header file in SYNOPSIS sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval syscall.2 Johan Erlandsson Add missing argument in example Johan Erlandsson Correct registers for arm/EABI Registers was off by one. Reference: http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/patches/viewpatch.php?id=3105/4 See also: http://peterdn.com/post/e28098Hello-World!e28099-in-ARM-assembly.aspx https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention#ARM wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Hannes Landeholm] Add details on the fifth argument provided by raw waitid() system call See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60744 clock.3 Michael Kerrisk clock() switched from using times(2) to clock_gettime() in glibc 2.18 drand48_r.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions drand48_r(), erand48_r(), lrand48_r(), nrand48_r(), mrand48_r(), jrand48_r(), srand48_r(), seed48_r(), and lcong48_r() are thread safe. fma.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fma(), fmaf() and fmal() are thread safe. fmax.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fmax(), fmaxf() and fmaxl() are thread safe. fmin.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fmin(), fminf() and fminl() are thread safe. fpclassify.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fpclassify(), isfinite(), isnormal(), isnan(), and isinf() are thread safe. frexp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions frexp(), frexpf() and frexpl() are thread safe. gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] gai_strerror() is the modern replacement for herror() and hstrerror() Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror() Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements for h_errno ilogb.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ilogb(), ilogbf() and ilogbl() are thread safe. ldexp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ldexp(), ldexpf() and ldexpl() are thread safe. lrint.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions lrint(), lrintf(), lrintl(), llrint(), llrintf(), and llrintl() are thread safe. lround.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions lround(), lroundf(), lroundl(), llround(), llroundf() and llroundl() are thread safe. lseek64.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function lseek64() is thread safe. mbsinit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mbsinit() is thread safe. nextafter.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions nextafter(), nextafterf(), nextafterl(), nexttoward(), nexttowardf() and nexttowardl() are thread safe. posix_memalign.3 Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] 'errno" is indeterminate after a call to posix_memalign() Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] Clarify wording on "return value" when size==0 printf.3 Christopher Hall Correctly describe the meaning of a negative precision The printf(3) manpage says that a negative precision is taken to be zero, whereas printf(3p) says that a negative precision is taken as if the precision were omitted. glibc agrees with the latter (POSIX) specification. Test code: printf("%f\n",42.0); // "42.000000" printf("%.*f\n",0,42.0); // "42" printf("%.*f\n",-1,42.0); // "42.000000" This patch corrects the explanation to match what actually happens. rewinddir.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function rewinddir() is thread safe. rint.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions nearbyint(), nearbyintf(), nearbyintl(), rint(), rintf() and rintl() are thread safe. seekdir.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function seekdir() is thread safe. telldir.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function telldir() is thread safe. wctomb.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function wctomb() is not thread safe. wavelan.4 Michael Kerrisk [Elie De Brauwer] This driver disappeared in 2.56.35 dir_colors.5 Michael Kerrisk [Stas] Add various synonyms See http://bugs.debian.org/553477 Simon Paillard [Stas] Add keywords SUID, SGID, STICKY, STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, OTHER_WRITABLE See http://bugs.debian.org/553477 See ls.c and dircolors.c in coreutils proc.5 Peter Schiffer Document /proc/[pid]/io file Attempt to document fields in the /proc/[pid]/io file, based on the Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. The text will probably need some grammar corrections. Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] /proc/sys/fs/inode-max went away in Linux 2.4 Also, the 'preshrink' field in /proc/sys/fs/inode-state became a dummy value in Linux 2.4. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60836 Michael Kerrisk [A. Costa] Note block size used by /proc/partitions See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=666972 Michael Kerrisk Add rationale on drop_caches and note that it can hurt performance See also http://lwn.net/Articles/562211/ bootparam.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eugen Dedu] Remove "lilo" entries from SEE ALSO See http://bugs.debian.org/604019 inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add inotifywait(1) and inotifywatch(1) ip.7 Simon Paillard IP_MULTICAST_IF setsockopt recognizes struct mreq (compatibility) Kernel added compatibility only recently in 3a084ddb4bf299a6e898a9a07c89f3917f0713f7 See: http://bugs.debian.org/607979 standards.7 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of SUSv4-TC1 (POSIX.1-2013) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.55 ==================== Released: 2013-12-12, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alfred Agrell Andreas Sandberg Christoph Hellwig David Gibson David Prévot Fabrice Bauzac Greg Price Jon Grant KOSAKI Motohiro Liu Jiaming Maxin B. John Michael Kerrisk Paolo Bonzini Peng Haitao Robert P. J. Day Rodrigo Campos Shawn Landden Trevor Bramwell Vince Weaver Yang Yang Yuanhang Zheng Yuri Kozlov janh Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- assert.3 assert_perror.3 rexec.3 rpc.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Reword a sentence to use more gender-neutral language Changes to individual pages --------------------------- execve.2 Michael Kerrisk 'arg...' for interpreter scripts starts with argv[1] fallocate.2 Christoph Hellwig Clarify the zeroing behavior fallocate() zeroes only space that did not previously contain data, but leaves existing data untouched. futex.2 Rodrigo Campos Fix link to Rusty's futex example library When I asked to webmaster@kernel.org, Konstantin Ryabitsev answered that the ".nl." is "an obsolete scheme and really should be changed to just ftp.kernel.org". getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that NGROUPS_MAX is defined in Michael Kerrisk Clarify that sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) is a run-time technique Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max ioctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, David Gibson] 'request' argument is typed as 'unsigned long' in glibc See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42705 perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Linux 3.12 rdpmc/mmap It turns out that the perf_event mmap page rdpmc/time setting was broken, dating back to the introduction of the feature. Due to a mistake with a bitfield, two different values mapped to the same feature bit. A new somewhat backwards compatible interface was introduced in Linux 3.12. A much longer report on the issue can be found here: https://lwn.net/Articles/567894/ Vince Weaver Linux 3.12 adds PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER A new PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER sample type was added in Linux 3.12. Vince Weaver E2BIG documentation The following documents the E2BIG error return for perf_event_open(). I actually ran into this error the hard way and it took me half a day to figure out why my ->size value was changing. Vince Weaver Linux 3.12 adds PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID A new perf_event related ioctl, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID, was added in Linux 3.12. Vince Weaver PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY support Support for the PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY event type was added in Linux 3.12. Vince Weaver [Andreas Sandberg] PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD update The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl was broken until 2.6.36, and it turns out that the ARM architecture has some differing behavior too. pipe.2 Trevor Bramwell Fix error in example program poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Paolo Bonzini] Clarify meaning of events==0 events==0 does not mean that revents is always returned as zero. The "output only" events (POLLHUP, POLLERR, POLLNVAL) can still be returned. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61911 readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Yuanhang Zheng] Fix typo in error message in example program recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove out-of-date statement that UNIX domain does not support MSG_TRUNC Should have removed that sentence as part of commit a25601b48b822eb1882ae336574b8d062a17e564 sched_get_priority_max.2 Michael Kerrisk Add SCHED_IDLE to discussion send.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: these calls return number of bytes (not characters) sent setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Small clarification to description of when saved set-user-ID is set sigpending.2 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals that are blocked *and* ignored stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note filesystem support for nanosecond timestamps Add some detail on which native filesystems do and don't support nanosecond timestamps. Michael Kerrisk Cosmetic reworking of timestamp discussion in NOTES Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang] Update discussion of nanosecond timestamps The existing text describes the timestamp fields as 'time_t' and delegates discussion of nanosecond timestamps under NOTES. Nanosecond timestamps have been around for a while now, and are in POSIX.1-2008, so reverse the orientation of the discussion, putting the nanosecond fields into DESCRIPTION and detailing the historical situation under NOTES. symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Further fine tuning of argument names Follow-up to f2ae6dde0c68448bec986d12fe32268a2c98bfd9 See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16073 Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac] Give arguments of symlink() more meaningful names adjtime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function adjtime() is thread safe. alloca.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function alloca() is thread safe. asinh.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions asinh(), asinhf() and asinhl() are thread safe. atan.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions atan(), atanf() and atanl() are thread safe. atof.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function atof() is thread safe with exceptions. atoi.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions atoi(), atol() and atoll() are thread safe with exceptions. bcmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function bcmp() is thread safe. bcopy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function bcopy() is thread safe. bsd_signal.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function bsd_signal() is thread safe. bzero.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function bzero() is thread safe. cbrt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cbrt(), cbrtf() and cbrtl() are thread safe. copysign.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions copysign(), copysignf() and copysignl() are thread safe. cos.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cos(), cosf() and cosl() are thread safe. cproj.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cproj(), cprojf() and cprojl() are thread safe. creal.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions creal(), crealf() and creall() are thread safe. daemon.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function daemon() is thread safe. des_crypt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ecb_crypt(), cbc_crypt() and des_setparity() are thread safe. difftime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function difftime() is thread safe. dysize.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function dysize() is thread safe. erf.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions erf(), erff() and erfl() are thread safe. erfc.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions erfc(), erfcf() and erfcl() are thread safe. euidaccess.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions euidaccess() and eaccess() are thread safe. expm1.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions expm1(), expm1f() and expm1l() are thread safe. fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1-2008 specifies fexecve() Michael Kerrisk Explain the use and rationale of fexecve() ftime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function ftime() is thread safe. ftok.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function ftok() is thread safe. ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk nftw() visits directories with FTW_D if FTW_DEPTH was not specified Michael Kerrisk Explain probable cause of FTW_NS futimes.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions futimes() and lutimes() are thread safe. getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Explain one use case for AI_ADDRCONFIG Michael Kerrisk Highlight difference in ai_flags when hints==NULL NOTES already described how glibc differs from POSIX. Add a pointer to that text from the point in DESCRIPTION where hints==NULL is discussed. kcmp.3 Shawn Landden Reword slightly awkward section malloc.3 Greg Price Scale back promises of alignment It's not true that the return value is suitably aligned for "any variable"; for example, it's unsuitable for a variable like float *x __attribute__ ((__vector_size__ (32))); which requires 32-byte alignment. Types like this are defined in , and with 16-byte alignment in and , so the application programmer need not even know that a vector_size attribute has been applied. On an x86 architecture, a program that loads from or stores to a pointer with this type derived from malloc can crash because GCC generates an aligned load/store, like MOVDQA. The C99 standard (TC3, as of N1256) does say the return value is suitably aligned for "any type of object". The C11 standard (as of N1570) revises this to any type with "fundamental alignment", which means an alignment "supported by the implementation in all contexts", which I suppose tautologically includes aligning malloc/realloc return values. The actual behavior of current glibc malloc is to align to the greater of 2 * sizeof(size_t) and __alignof__ (long double), which may be one bit greater than this commit promises. mq_receive.3 Michael Kerrisk [janh] msg_len must be greater than *or equal to* mq_msgsize See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64571 setenv.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that setenv() returns success in the overwrite==0 case sigsetops.3 Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] Add 'const' to sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), sigandset() declarations Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), and sigandset() statvfs.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions statvfs() and fstatvfs() are thread safe. stdarg.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe The macros va_start(), va_arg(), va_end() and va_copy() are thread safe. termios.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions tcgetattr(), tcsetattr(), tcsendbreak(), tcdrain(), tcflush(), tcflow(), cfmakeraw(), cfgetispeed(), cfgetospeed(), cfsetispeed(), cfsetospeed() and cfsetspeed() are thread safe. ungetwc.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function ungetwc() is thread safe. unlockpt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function unlockpt() is thread safe. usleep.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function usleep() is thread safe. wcpcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcpcpy() is thread safe. wcscasecmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wcscasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions. wcscat.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcscat() is thread safe. wcschr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcschr() is thread safe. wcscmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcscmp() is thread safe. wcscpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcscpy() is thread safe. wcscspn.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcscspn() is thread safe. wcslen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcslen() is thread safe. wcsncasecmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wcsncasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions. wcsncat.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsncat() is thread safe. wcsncmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsncmp() is thread safe. wcsncpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsncpy() is thread safe. wcsnlen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsnlen() is thread safe. wcspbrk.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcspbrk() is thread safe. wcsrchr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsrchr() is thread safe. wcsspn.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsspn() is thread safe. wcsstr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcsstr() is thread safe. wcstoimax.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions wcstoimax() and wcstoumax() are thread safe with exceptions. wcstok.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcstok() is thread safe. wcswidth.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wcswidth() is thread safe with exceptions. wctrans.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wctrans() is thread safe with exceptions. wctype.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wctype() is thread safe with exceptions. wcwidth.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function wcwidth() is thread safe with exceptions. wmemchr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wmemchr() is thread safe. wmemcmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wmemcmp() is thread safe. wmemcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wmemcpy() is thread safe. wmemmove.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wmemmove() is thread safe. wmemset.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wmemset() is thread safe. tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk [Liu Jiaming] Note that 'arg' should be 0 in the usual case when using TIOCSCTTY Michael Kerrisk Rework text on root to discuss just in terms of capabilities proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix 2 version numbers under "Effect of user ID changes on capabilities" feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Add _ISOC11_SOURCE to example program tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix (nontrivial) wordo in discussion of MSG_TRUNC s/MSG_PEEK/MSG_TRUNC/ ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Alfred Agrell] Fix crufty wording in one sentence ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.56 ==================== Released: 2014-01-11, Christchurch In memory of Doris Church (1939-2013) Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andre Majorel Arif Zaman Bert Wesarg Daniel Borkmann David Malcolm David Prévot Dongsheng Song Elie De Brauwer James Smith Janne Blomqvist Joseph S. Myers Luke Hutchison Marco Dione Mathieu Desnoyers Mathieu Malaterre Matthias Klose Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Moritz 'Morty' Strübe Nadav Har'El Ondřej Bílka Prádraig Brady Peng Haitao Raphael Geissert Shawn Landden Simon Paillard Stephen Kell Sudhanshu Goswami Sworddragon2 Vince Weaver Willem de Bruijn Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- fgetc.3 gets.3 David Malcolm Split gets(3) to isolate unsafe gets(3) to a page on its own Currently man3/gets.3 documents various safe I/O functions, along with the toxic "gets" function. At the risk of being melodramatic, this strikes me as akin to storing rat poison in a food cabinet, in the same style of packaging as the food, but with a post-it note on it saying "see warnings below". I think such "never use this" functions should be quarantined into their own manpages, rather than listing them alongside sane functions. The attached patch does this for "gets", moving the documentation of the good functions from man3/gets.3 into man3/fgetc.3, updating the SO links in the relevant functions to point at the latter. It then rewrites man3/gets.3 to spell out that "gets" is toxic and should never be used (with a link to CWE-242 for good measure). Michael Kerrisk [Andre Majorel] Tweaks to David Malcolm's patch vdso.7 Mike Frysinger New page documenting the vDSO mapped into each process by the kernel Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- reboot.2 Elie De Brauwer Document LINUX_REBOOT_SW_SUSPEND New and changed links --------------------- fgets.3 getc.3 getchar.3 ungetc.3 Michael Kerrisk Adjust links to gets(3) to point to fgetc(3) Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global fix of "NULL pointer" Change "NULL pointer" to "NULL" or null pointer". POSIX uses the term "null pointer", not "NULL pointer". Various pages Michael Kerrisk Stylistic changes to code example For ease of reading, don't embed assignments inside if(). Various pages Michael Kerrisk Replace uses of "i.e.," in main text with "that is" or similar Usual man-pages style is to use "i.e." only within parenthetical expressions. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Replace uses of "e.g." in main text with "for example" or similar Usual man-pages style is to use "e.g." only within parenthetical expressions. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Add "Program source" subheading under EXAMPLE Various pages Michael Kerrisk Add "static" to global variables and functions in example program Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] Improve description of CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67291 close.2 Michael Kerrisk [P?draig Brady] Note that errors from close() should be used only for diagnosis In particular, retrying after EINTR is a bad idea. See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529 See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/37702 Subject: [RFC][BZ #14627] Make linux close errno to EINPROGRESS when interrupted in signal. execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Marco Dione] Add further cases to EFAULT error See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16402 perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami] Clarify issues with the disabled bit Clarify the perf_event_open behavior with respect to the disabled bit and creating event groups. Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami] Clarify issues with the exclusive bit Warn that using the perf_event_open "exclusive" bit, while it might seem like a good idea, might lead to all 0 results in some common usage cases. reboot.2 Elie De Brauwer Mention RB_POWER_OFF The manpage did not mention RB_POWER_OFF which is the glibc symbolic name for LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF. $ cd /usr/include $ cat x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/reboot.h | grep POWER_OFF define RB_POWER_OFF 0x4321fedc Elie De Brauwer Add "Linux" to kernel version numbers Michael Kerrisk Add RB_SW_SUSPEND synonym Michael Kerrisk Add RB_KEXEC synonym setpgid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] BSD getpgrp() and setpgrp() go away in glibc 2.19 socket.2 Michael Kerrisk [Dongsheng Song] Remove crufty statement that AF_INET does not support SOCK_SEQPACKET Linux AF_INET supports SOCK_SEQPACKET via SCTP. syscall.2 Mike Frysinger Fix ia64 registers The original list of registers was created by confusing strace source code--this is for parsing legacy 32-bit code (which is dead and no one cares). Update the list to reflect native ia64 syscall interface. syscall.2 syscalls.2 getauxval.3 Mike Frysinger Add references to new vdso(7) page utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk Small wording improvement for times!=NULL case dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Update remarks on cast needed when assigning dlsym() return value POSIX.1-2013 eases life when casting the dlsym() return value to a function pointer Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Kell] Fix description of dli_sname See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16262 getline.3 Michael Kerrisk [Luke Hutchison] Correct description of how '*n' is used when '*lineptr' == NULL See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5468 Michael Kerrisk Remove SEE ALSO reference to unsafe gets(3) mcheck.3 Simon Paillard [Raphael Geissert] typo in compiler flag See http://bugs.debian.org/732464 mkstemp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Janne Blomqvist] Better describe 'flags' that can be specified for mkostemp() printf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Arif Zaman] Fix memory leak in snprintf() example See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19933479/snprintf-man-page-example-memory-leak pthread_kill.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Desnoyers] POSIX.1-2008 removes ESRCH POSIX.1-2001 mistakenly documented an ESRCH error, and POSIX.1-2008 removes this error. Glibc does return this error in cases where it can determine that a thread ID is invalid, but equally, the use of an invalid thread ID can cause a segmentation fault. puts.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: replace reference to gets(3) with fgets(3) scanf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ondřej Bílka] Improve discussion of obsolete 'a' dynamic allocation modifier setjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] BSD setjmp() semantics go away in glibc 2.19 sigpause.3 Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] BSD sigpause() goes away in glibc 2.19 Michael Kerrisk Correct feature text macro requirements Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sigpause() is thread safe. sigqueue.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sigqueue() is thread safe. sigwait.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sigwait() is thread safe. sin.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions sin(), sinf() and sinl() are thread safe. sincos.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions sincos(), sincosf() and sincosl() are thread safe. string.3 Moritz 'Morty' Strübe Add short description of the functions It is helpful to have a short description about what the different functions in string.h do. Michael Kerrisk Fixes and enhancements to Moritz Strübe's patch strptime.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre, Simon Paillard] Add number ranges to comments in 'tm' structure See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729570 Michael Kerrisk Point to ctime(3) for more details on 'tm' structure Michael Kerrisk Some rewording and reorganization strsep.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify description The use of "symbols" in the existing description is confusing; it's "bytes". Other fixes as well. strspn.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre] Improve description in NAME See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=723659 strstr.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify RETURN VALUE: s/substring/located substring/ sysv_signal.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sysv_signal() is thread safe. tan.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions tan(), tanf() and tanl() are thread safe. tanh.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions tanh(), tanhf() and tanhl() are thread safe. toascii.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function toascii() is thread safe. toupper.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions toupper() and tolower() are thread safe with exceptions. towctrans.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function towctrans() is thread safe. towlower.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function towlower() is thread safe with exceptions. towupper.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function towupper() is thread safe with exceptions. ualarm.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function ualarm() is thread safe. wcpncpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function wcpncpy() is thread safe. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Sworddragon2] Fix formula for CommitLimit under /proc/meminfo See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60991 credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk List APIs that operate on process groups Michael Kerrisk Add details on controlling terminal and foreground/background jobs feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Document _DEFAULT_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] From glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes __FAVOR_BSD Starting with glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes BSD definitions to be favored in cases where standards conflict. libc.7 Mike Frysinger SEE ALSO: add various entries man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Add STYLE GUIDE section Incorporate some of the existing material in the page into the STYLE GUIDE, and add a lot more material, mainly drawn from the "Global changes" sections in the release changelogs. Michael Kerrisk Add historical note on reason for use of American spelling Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Various improvements to style guide packet.7 Willem de Bruijn [Daniel Borkmann] Document fanout, ring, and auxiliary options This patch adds descriptions of the common packet socket options PACKET_AUXDATA, PACKET_FANOUT, PACKET_RX_RING, PACKET_STATISTICS, PACKET_TX_RING and the ring-specific options PACKET_LOSS, PACKET_RESERVE, PACKET_TIMESTAMP, PACKET_VERSION Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for PACKET_VERSION and PACKET_TIMESTAMP ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Klose] Default output file for D_DEBUG is stderr not stdout See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6874 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.57 ==================== Released: 2014-01-24, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andi Kleen Andre Majorel Andrey Vagin Andy Lutomirski Axel Beckert Bernhard Walle Brandon Edens Eliezer Tamir Gioele Barabucci Ian Abbott Jerry Chu Jonas Jonsson Marc Lehmann Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peng Haitao Reuben Thomas Simone Piccardi Simon Paillard Thomas Posch Tilman Schmidt Vince Weaver Yuri Kozlov Марк Коренберг Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Document MSG_COPY open.2 Michael Kerrisk, Andy Lutomirski Document O_TMPFILE O_TMPFILE is new in Linux 3.11 perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Andi Kleen] PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION support in Linux 3.13 The following patch adds descriptions of the new perf_event_open.2 PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION sample type as added in Linux 3.13. The descriptions are based on information provided by Andi Kleen, both in the e-mail [PATCH 1/6] perf, core: Add generic transaction flags v5 sent to the linux-kernel list as well as an e-mail [PATCH] Document transaction flags in perf_event_open manpage sent to the linux-man list. The implementation is based heavily on the Intel Haswell processor. Documentation can be found at this page: http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2013/05/03/intelr-transactional-synchronization-extensions-intelr-tsx-profiling-with-linux-0 as well as in section 18.11.5.1 of volume 3 of the Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture Software Developer's Manual. ptrace.2 Andrey Vagin Add description for PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO Retrieve signals without removing them from a queue. Andrey Vagin Add description for PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK These two commands allow to examine and change mask of blocked signals. socket.7 Eliezer Tamir Add description for SO_BUSY_POLL Add description for the SO_BUSY_POLL socket option. tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk [Jerry Chu] Document TCP_USER_TIMEOUT Text slightly adapted from Jerry Chu's (excellent) commit message (commit dca43c75e7e545694a9dd6288553f55c53e2a3a3). Michael Kerrisk Document TCP_CONGESTION Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Reword to avoid use of "etc." Various pages Peng Haitao [Andre Majorel] Make wording around thread-safety and setlocale() more precise getdate.3 strptime.3 locale.5 Michael Kerrisk Replace "weekday" with less ambiguous language Notwithstanding POSIX's use of the term "weekday", in everyday English, "weekday" is commonly understood to mean a day in the set [Monday..Friday] (vs one of the "weekend" days). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jonas Jonsson] Clarify wording of EINTR error See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66571 faccessat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that the system call takes only three arguments fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk Note filesystems that support FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE operation fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: The O_SYNC and O_DSYNC flags are not modifiable using F_SETFL Michael Kerrisk Add subsections under BUGS There's several bugs listed. It's helpful to mark them separately. Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1 specifies F_SETOWN and F_GETOWN for sockets/SIGURG getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] Note that rlim_cur can be set lower than current resource consumption getsockopt.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and udp(7) keyctl.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/security/keys.txt linkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Add ENOENT for O_TMPFILE created with O_EXCL Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EINVAL lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk Note which filesystems support SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that MSG_EXCEPT is Linux-specific open.2 Michael Kerrisk Update CONFORMING TO Add POSIX.1-2008. Add mention of O_TMPFILE. Update text on various flags that were added in POSIX.1-2008, and whose definitions can, since glibc 2.12, be obtained by suitably defining _POSIX_C_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Add pointer in description to BUGS, for O_ASYNC limitation Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty duplicate text on modifying file status flags ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk Add details to descriptions of PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK select.2 Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann] RETURN VALUE: Fix discussion of treatment of file descriptor sets See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=574370 syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove madvise1() from main list madvise1() is one of the system calls that was never implemented, and listed toward the bottom of the page. timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to proc(5) for info on /proc/[pid]/timers unlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger:] ERRORS: Add EISDIR See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29702 ferror.3 Michael Kerrisk clearerr(), feof(), and ferror() are also POSIX-conformant Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas] CONFORMING TO: add fileno() gets.3 Ian Abbott SEE ALSO: add fgets(3) mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] SYNOPSIS: s/unsigned/unsigned int/ printf.3 Michael Kerrisk Small reorganization of text in EXAMPLE rand.3 Michael Kerrisk s/unsigned/unsigned int/ in example stpcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function stpcpy() is thread safe. stpncpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function stpncpy() is thread safe. strcat.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions strcat() and strncat() are thread safe. strchr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions strchr(), strrchr() and strchrnul() are thread safe. strcmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions strcmp() and strncmp() are thread safe. strftime.3 Brandon Edens Change "week day" to "day of week" See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=68861 strstr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function strstr() is thread safe. The function strcasestr() is thread safe with exceptions. strtod.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions strtod(), strtof() and strtold() are thread safe with exceptions. strtoimax.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions strtoimax() and strtoumax() are thread safe with exceptions. strtol.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions strtol(), strtoll() and strtoq() are thread safe with exceptions. tcgetpgrp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions tcgetpgrp() and tcsetpgrp() are thread safe. tcgetsid.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function tcgetsid() is thread safe. core.5 Bernhard Walle Mention that %E exists since Linux 3.0 '%E' in the 'core_pattern' has been introduced in kernel commit 57cc083ad9e1bfeeb4a0ee831e7bb008c8865bf0 which was included in version 3.0. Add that information to the manual page. filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk [Axel Beckert] Add reference to proc(5) for more details on /proc/filesystems See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=735590 locale.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add locale(7) proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/timers Michael Kerrisk Update discussion of wchan Remove crufty reference to /etc/psdatabase in /proc/PID/stat. Add /proc/PID/wchan. See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/737452 environ.7 Michael Kerrisk [Gioele Barabucci] Correct reference to locale(7) (not locale(5)) locale(7) is the right place for details of the LC_* environment variables. See http://bugs.debian.org/638186 Michael Kerrisk Improve references for discussion of locale environment variables Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add catopen(3) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add locale(5) man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Prefer "usable" over "useable" netdevice.7 Tilman Schmidt Document SIOCGIFCONF case ifc_req==NULL Add the missing description of the possibility to call SIOCGIFCONF with ifc_req==NULL to determine the needed buffer size, as described in http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0110.1/0506.html and verified against source files net/core/dev_ioctl.c and net/ipv4/devinet.c in the current kernel git tree. This functionality has been present since the beginning of the 2.6 series. It's about time it gets documented. While I'm at it, also generally clarify the section on SIOCGIFCONF. standards.7 Michael Kerrisk Enhance description of V7 Michael Kerrisk Add C11 tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe format of tcp_*_congestion_control /proc files Describe format of tcp_allowed_congestion_control and tcp_available_congestion_control. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.58 ==================== Released: 2014-02-11, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Cyril Hrubis Daniel Borkmann David Prévot Fabrice Bauzac Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Network Nut Ola Olsson Peng Haitao Peter Schiffer Simone Piccardi Simon Paillard Yuri Kozlov Марк Коренберг 未卷起的浪 Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the pipe2() O_DIRECT flag added in Linux 3.4 packet.7 Daniel Borkmann Document PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS New in Linux 3.14. Global changes -------------- Various pages Simon Paillard Formatting fix: add space between function and () if BR or IR Detected through the regex: git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [\w]*\([\d]*\)$' Various pages Simon Paillard Formatting fix: add space between word and punctuation if BR or IR Detected through the regex: git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [^ ]*[,\.]$' Could probably be extended to match more cases and fix in perl. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Use Oxford comma gettid.2 restart_syscall.2 passwd.5 socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix order of SEE ALSO entries Changes to individual pages --------------------------- epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Network Nut] Remove word "minimum" from the description of 'timeout' epoll_wait.2 poll.2 select.2 Michael Kerrisk Go into more detail on timeout and when call will cease blocking getxattr.2 listxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac] Correct header file is (not ) See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70141 msgctl.2 Cyril Hrubis Add note about ignored arg to IPC_RMID prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг] PR_SET_PDEATHSIG value is preserved across execve(2) recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework and reorganize the text in various parts of the page. Isolate details specific to recv() vs recvfrom() vs recvmsg() Place details specific to each system call under a separate subheading. Rework discussion of 'src_addr' and 'addrlen' for recvfrom() Add description of 'buf' and 'len' in recvfrom() section 'addrlen' should be 0 (*not* NULL) when 'src_addr' is NULL Improve text describing recvfrom() call that is equivalent to recv() Michael Kerrisk [未卷起的浪] Describe the various cases where the return value can be 0 shmctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'buf' is ignored for IPC_RMID symlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Make argument names consistent with symlink(2) page isalpha.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), isblank(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper() and isxdigit() are thread safe. isatty.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function isatty() is thread safe. isgreater.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe The macros isgreater(), isgreaterequal(), isless(), islessequal(), islessgreater() and isunordered() are thread safe. iswalnum.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswalnum() is thread safe with exceptions. iswalpha.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswalpha() is thread safe with exceptions. iswblank.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswblank() is thread safe with exceptions. iswcntrl.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswcntrl() is thread safe with exceptions. lockf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] Fix incorrect argument mentioned under EINVAL error pthread_kill.3 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements pthread_sigmask.3 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements strtoul.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions strtoul(), strtoull() and strtouq() are thread safe with exceptions. nscd.conf.5 Peter Schiffer Add note about default values proc.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add some further kernel Documentation/sysctl files man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk ATTRIBUTES sections come after VERSIONS Peng Haitao has consistently ordered the ATTRIBUTES after VERSIONS, so adjust the text in man-pages.7 vdso.7 Michael Kerrisk Add words "virtual dynamic shared object" in DESCRIPTION ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.59 ==================== Released: 2014-02-16, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Michael Kerrisk Peter Schiffer Weizhou Pan Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- Various pages Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan] Convert pages containing non-ASCII in source code comments to use UTF-8 Done using a slightly modified version of Peter Schiffer's convert_to_utf_8.sh script. The script was modified so as *not* a "coding:" marker to the groff source. For now, we'll only put that marker on pages that contain non-ASCII characters in the rendered text. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807 armscii-8.7 cp1251.7 iso_8859-1.7 iso_8859-10.7 iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 iso_8859-14.7 iso_8859-15.7 iso_8859-16.7 iso_8859-2.7 iso_8859-3.7 iso_8859-4.7 iso_8859-5.7 iso_8859-6.7 iso_8859-7.7 iso_8859-8.7 iso_8859-9.7 koi8-r.7 koi8-u.7 Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan] Convert pages containing non-ASCII to use UTF-8 Done using Peter Schiffer's convert_to_utf_8.sh script. These pages containing non-ASCII in the rendered characters, and so the script inserts a "coding:" marker into the groff source. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.60 ==================== Released: 2014-02-18, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: David Prévot D. Barbier Kalle Olavi Niemitalo Michael Kerrisk Simon Paillard Apologies if I missed anyone! Changes to individual pages --------------------------- sigvec.3 Michael Kerrisk [Kalle Olavi Niemitalo] Fix error in code snippet s/sigpause/sigmask/ armscii-8.7 cp1251.7 iso_8859-1.7 iso_8859-10.7 iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 iso_8859-14.7 iso_8859-15.7 iso_8859-16.7 iso_8859-2.7 iso_8859-3.7 iso_8859-4.7 iso_8859-5.7 iso_8859-6.7 iso_8859-7.7 iso_8859-8.7 iso_8859-9.7 koi8-u.7 Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] Remove comment that glyphs in column 4 may not display correctly With the conversion to UTF-8, the glyphs in column 4 of the tables in these pages will display regardless of whether the environment is configured for the corresponding character set. iso_8859-11.7 iso_8859-13.7 D. Barbier [Simon Paillard] Fix encoding mistakes in 5f7f4042b8848127d852c6fa7c02e31ccfaeeae5 Fixed via: for f in iso_8859-11 iso_8859-13; do cp man7/$f.7 $f iconv -f utf8 -t latin1 $f | iconv -f iso-${f#iso_} -t utf8 > man7/$f.7 done ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.61 ==================== Released: 2014-02-26, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrew Hunter Carlos O'Donell Christoph Hellwig Daniel Borkmann Duncan de Wet Kir Kolyshkin KOSAKI Motohiro Michael Kerrisk Neil Horman Peng Haitao Simon Paillard Sulaiman Mustafa Xiawei Chen Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- A note from Christoph Hellwig prompted me to perform a task that has been queued for a while: merging the text of the man pages for the *at([23]) ("directory file descriptor") APIs into their corresponding traditional pages. When the *at([23]) pages were originally written (mostly in 2006), the APIs were not part of POSIX and (in most cases) were not available on other systems. So, it made some sense to wall them off into their own separate pages. Eight years later, with the APIs now all in POSIX (except scandirat()), it is much more sensible to document the newer APIs alongside their traditional counterparts, so that the newer APIs are not "hidden", and the reader can more easily see the differences between the APIs. Thus, the text of 14 pairs of pages has been merged, and the "merged from" pages have been converted to links to the "merged to" pages. Along the way, a few other fixes were made to the pages, as noted below. One page that did not undergo such a change was utimensat(2), which is different enough from utime(2) that it warrants a separate page. Unlike the other *at() pages, the utimensat(2) page was also already self-contained, rather than defining itself in terms of differences from utime(2) as the other *at() pages did. access.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text from faccessat(2) Michael Kerrisk Remove faccessat() race warning That point is already covered in existing text in this page. Michael Kerrisk access() also conforms to POSIX.1-2008 chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text from fchmodat(2) Michael Kerrisk Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: chmod() and fchmod() are also in POSIX.1-2008 chown.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of fchownat(2) Michael Kerrisk AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') Michael Kerrisk Remove sentence that fchownat() is present on Solaris That point was only really relevant before fchownat() was standardized in POSIX.1.2008. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: chown(), fchown(), lchown() are in POSIX.1-2008 link.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of linkat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: link() is in POSIX.1-2008 Michael Kerrisk AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE mkdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of mkdirat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: mkdir() is in POSIX.1-2008 mknod.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of mknodat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: mknod(2) is in POSIX.1-2008 open.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text from openat(2) Michael Kerrisk Remove sentence that openat() is present on Solaris That point was only really relevant before openat() was standardized in POSIX.1.2008. readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of readlinkat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: readlink() is in POSIX.1-2008. Michael Kerrisk Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') rename.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of renameat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: rename(2) is in POSIX.1-2008 stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text from fstatat(2) Michael Kerrisk AT_EMPTY_PATH and AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT are Linux-specific These flags require _GNU_SOURCE. Michael Kerrisk Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname') Michael Kerrisk Remove sentence that fstatat() is present on Solaris That point was only really relevant before fstatat() was standardized in POSIX.1.2008. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: stat(), fstat(), lstat() are specified in POSIX.1-2008 symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of symlinkat(2) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: symlink() is in POSIX.1-2008 unlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of unlinkat(2) Michael Kerrisk Remove sentence that unlinkat() is present on Solaris That point was only really relevant before unlinkat() was standardized in POSIX.1.2008. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: unlink() is in POSIX.1-2008 mkfifo.3 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of mkfifoat(3) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: mkfifo() is in POSIX.1-2008 scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk Merge text of scandirat(3) Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements The FTM requirements changed in glibc 2.10. Michael Kerrisk Remove libc4/libc5 note under CONFORMING TO No-one much cares about Linux libc these days. Michael Kerrisk Put detail about alphasort under a NOTES heading This text was under CONFORMING TO, which made no sense. Michael Kerrisk Rework CONFORMING TO text Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- prctl.2 Kir Kolyshkin Document PR_SET_MM options in Linux 3.5 Some of the PR_SET_MM options were merged to vanilla kernel later, and appeared in Linux 3.5. Those are: - PR_SET_MM_ARG_START - PR_SET_MM_ARG_END - PR_SET_MM_ENV_START - PR_SET_MM_ENV_END - PR_SET_MM_AUXV - PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE socket.7 Neil Horman Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL New and changed links --------------------- faccessat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to access.2 fchmodat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to chmod.2 fchownat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to chown.2 fstatat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to stat.2 linkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to link.2 mkdirat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to mkdir.2 mknodat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to mknod.2 openat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to open.2 readlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to symlink.2 renameat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link rename.2 symlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to symlink.2 unlinkat.2 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to unlink.2 mkfifoat.3 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to mkfifo.3 scandirat.3 Michael Kerrisk Convert to link to scandir.3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- alarm.2 Michael Kerrisk Note semantics of alarm with respect to fork() and execve() fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Warn that F_GETLK info may already be out of date when the call returns intro.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe policy on documenting differences between syscall and glibc API mmap2.2 Michael Kerrisk Reword note on glibc mmap() wrapper invocation of mmap2() Michael Kerrisk This system call does not exist on x86-64 msgctl.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM for unprivileged attempt to set msg_qbytes > MSGMNB prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Xiawei Chen] Clarify that PR_GET_TIMERSLACK is returned as the function result Michael Kerrisk Clarify that PR_GET_SECCOMP is returned as function result Michael Kerrisk Clarify that PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is returned as function result ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Hunter] Make it clearer that glibc and syscall APIs differ for PTRACE_PEEK* Thanks to Denys Vlasenko's additions in 78686915aed6bd12 this page does note that the glibc API for PTRACE_PEEK* differs from the raw syscall interface. But, as the report at https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70801 shows, this information could be more obvious. This patch makes its so. sgetmask.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that these system calls don't exist on x86-64 swapon.2 Michael Kerrisk Split EINVAL cases into separate entries under ERRORS Michael Kerrisk Add EINVAL error for invalid flags to swapon() syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add intro(2) umount.2 Michael Kerrisk Split EINVAL cases into separate items Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EINVAL case that was new in 2.6.34 utime.2 Michael Kerrisk Add note that modern applications probably want utimensat(2) etc. crypt.3 Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] ERRORS: Add EINVAL and EPERM errors See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=69771 getifaddrs.3 Michael Kerrisk Enhance example program Print statistics for AF_PACKET interfaces. Add missing feature test macro definition. Reformat output. iswctype.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function iswctype() is thread safe. sem_post.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sem_post() is thread safe. sem_unlink.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sem_unlink() is thread safe. sem_wait.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions sem_wait(), sem_trywait() and sem_timedwait() are thread safe. setbuf.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions setbuf(), setbuffer(), setlinebuf() and setvbuf() are thread safe. strlen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strlen() is thread safe. strnlen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strnlen() is thread safe. strpbrk.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strpbrk() is thread safe. strsep.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strsep() is thread safe. swab.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function swab() is thread safe. resolv.conf.5 Carlos O'Donell DESCRIPTION: mention that the data is trusted In a recent discussion about DNSSEC it was brought to my attention that not all system administrators may understand that the information in /etc/resolv.conf is fully trusted. The resolver implementation in glibc treats /etc/resolv.conf as a fully trusted source of DNS information and passes on the AD-bit for DNSSEC as trusted. This patch adds a clarifying sentence to make it absolutely clear that indeed this source of information is trusted. ascii.7 Michael Kerrisk [Sulaiman Mustafa] Fix rendering of single quote (decimal character 39) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add utf-8(7) Michael Kerrisk [Duncan de Wet] Remove mention of ISO 8859-1 as being the default encoding on Linux packet.7 Neil Horman Document PACKET_FANOUT_QM fanout mode Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version for PACKET_FANOUT_QM Daniel Borkmann Improve PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS description socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version number for SO_BUSY_POLL ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.62 ==================== Released: 2014-03-11, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Cyril Hrubis Joseph S. Myers Marius Gaubas Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peng Haitao Rick Stanley Simon Paillard Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- locale.1 Michael Kerrisk [review from Mike Frysinger] New page describing locale(1) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- locale.5 Michael Kerrisk Document LC_ADDRESS Michael Kerrisk Document LC_IDENTIFICATION Michael Kerrisk Document LC_MEASUREMENT Michael Kerrisk Document LC_NAME Michael Kerrisk Document LC_PAPER Michael Kerrisk Document LC_TELEPHONE Removed Pages ------------- sync.8 Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig, Pádraig Brady] Sometime in the 20th century (before my watch), a sync(8) page into man-pages. It documents the sync command from "fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2) that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and (g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which covers the same command. After discussions on the coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from man-pages. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that CLONE_THREAD also in effect requires CLONE_VM stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Marius Gaubas] Warn the reader that the 'stat' structure definition is not precise Padding fields aren't shown, and the order of fields varies somewhat across architectures. gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant FTM requirements _GNU_SOURCE implies _SVID_SOURCE and _BSD_SOURCE, so _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _GNU_SOURCE is the same as _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE getutmp.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1) log1p.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions log1p(), log1pf() and log1pl() are thread safe. logb.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions logb(), logbf() and logbl() are thread safe. memccpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memccpy() is thread safe. memchr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions memchr(), memrchr() and rawmemchr() are thread safe. mktemp.3 Michael Kerrisk Make warning not to use this function more prominent qecvt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] Recommend snprintf(3) not sprintf(3) raise.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function raise() is thread safe. remove.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function remove() is thread safe. sem_destroy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sem_destroy() is thread safe. sem_getvalue.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sem_getvalue() is thread safe. sem_init.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sem_init() is thread safe. sockatmark.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sockatmark() is thread safe. strcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions strcpy() and strncpy() are thread safe. Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley] Fix a bug, and improve discussion of forcing termination with strncpy() strspn.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions strspn() and strcspn() are thread safe. tempnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Make warning not to use this function more prominent tmpnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Recommend use mkstemp(3) or tmpfile(3) instead locale.5 Michael Kerrisk Add intro section that lists all of the LC categories Michael Kerrisk 'p_cs_precedes' is for *positive* values Michael Kerrisk Clarify 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'; simplify 'n_sign_posn' Add initial sentence for 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'. Remove repeated list for 'n_sign_posn'. Michael Kerrisk Document LC_MESSAGES 'yesstr' and 'nostr' Michael Kerrisk Clarify LC_MONETARY 'n_cs_precedes' Michael Kerrisk LC_MONETARY: Document 'int_p_sign_posn' and 'int_n_sign_posn' Michael Kerrisk Clarify/rework 'p_cs_precedes' and 'n_cs_precedes' Michael Kerrisk LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_sep_by_space' and 'int_n_sep_by_space' Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty reference to POSIX.2 Michael Kerrisk LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_cs_precedes' and 'int_n_cs_precedes' Michael Kerrisk Clarify/simplify 'n_sep_by_space' Michael Kerrisk LC_TIME: document 'cal_direction' and 'date_fmt' Michael Kerrisk Clarify 'p_sep_by_space' feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated in glibc 2.20 Michael Kerrisk _GNU_SOURCE implicitly defines other macros Saying that _GNU_SOURCE has the "effects of" other macros is not quite precise. Michael Kerrisk Reword glibc version for _ISOC95_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk _ISOC99_SOURCE also exposes C95 definitions Michael Kerrisk _ISOC11_SOURCE implies the effects of _ISOC99_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Note version number for _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C99/C95 _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L causes C95 definitions to be exposed only since glibc 2.12 and C99 definitions only since 2.10. Michael Kerrisk _XOPEN_SOURCE may implicitly define _POSIX_SOURCE and _POSIX_C_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Reword glibc version for _ISOC99_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of _ISOC99_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk Improve discussion of _DEFAULT_SOURCE Michael Kerrisk _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C95 and C95 features ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.63 ==================== Released: 2014-03-18, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Carlos O'Donell Christoph Hellwig Corrado Zoccolo Gregory P. Smith Joseph S. Myers Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peng Haitao Phillip Susi Robert P. J. Day Stefan Puiu Zhu Yanhai Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- duplocale.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting duplocale(3) newlocale.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] New page documenting newlocale(3) and freelocale(3) towlower.3 Michael Kerrisk Largely rewrite description of towlower() to be simpler and clearer towupper.3 Michael Kerrisk Largely rewrite description of towupper() to be simpler and clearer uselocale.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting uselocale(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- open.2 Michael Kerrisk Document O_DSYNC and rewrite discussion of O_SYNC isalpha.3 Michael Kerrisk Document the "_l" locale APIs The GNU C library v2.3 added some locale APIs, most of which were later specified in POSIX.1-2008, namely: isalnum_l() isalpha_l() isblank_l() iscntrl_l() isdigit_l() isgraph_l() islower_l() isprint_l() ispunct_l() isspace_l() isupper_l() isxdigit_l() isascii_l() Also update and correct various pieces in CONFORMING TO (and remove a few crufty old pieces there). strerror.3 Michael Kerrisk Document strerror_l() toupper.3 Michael Kerrisk Document toupper_l() and tolower_l() towlower.3 Michael Kerrisk Document towlower_l() towupper.3 Michael Kerrisk Document towupper_l() proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid locale.7 Michael Kerrisk Document LC_ADDRESS Document LC_IDENTIFICATION Document LC_MEASUREMENT Document LC_NAME Document LC_PAPER Document LC_TELEPHONE New and changed links --------------------- freelocale.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new newlocale.3 page isalnum_l.3 isascii_l.3 isblank_l.3 iscntrl_l.3 isdigit_l.3 isgraph_l.3 islower_l.3 isprint_l.3 ispunct_l.3 isspace_l.3 isupper_l.3 isxdigit_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to isalpha.3 tolower_l.3 toupper_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to toupper.3 towlower_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to towlower.3 towupper_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to towupper.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global change: "upper case" ==> "uppercase", "lower case" ==> lowercase" Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mount.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add blkid(1) msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Document two MSG_COPY failure modes Since Linux 3.14, the kernel now diagnoses two errors when using msgrcv() MSG_COPY: * MSG_COPY must be specified with IPC_NOWAIT * MSG_COPY can't be specified with MSG_EXCEPT open.2 Michael Kerrisk Organize some material under additional subheadings in NOTES There's an amorphous mass of material under NOTES. Structure it with some subheadings, and do a little reorganizing. Michael Kerrisk Add other system calls and functions that are like openat() fanotify_mark(2), name_to_handle_at(2), and scandirat(3) have a directory file descriptor argument for the same reason as openat(). Also: reword the rationale for the *at() functions somewhat. Michael Kerrisk Clarify ELOOP error interaction with O_PATH readahead.2 Phillip Susi [Corrado Zoccolo, Gregory P. Smith, Zhu Yanhai, Michael Kerrisk, Christoph Hellwig] Don't claim the call blocks until all data has been read The readahead(2) man page was claiming that the call blocks until all data has been read into the cache. This is incorrect. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54271 stat.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ls(1) and stat(1) fts.3 Christoph Hellwig [Michael Kerrisk] The fts(3) API does not work with LFS builds As pointed out during a recent discussion on libc-hacker the fts(3) APIs can't be used with large file offsets: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15838 mbrtowc.3 mbsnrtowcs.3 mbsrtowcs.3 mbtowc.3 Michael Kerrisk Add entries in SEE ALSO Mainly inspired by the POSIX pages. mbsinit.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mbrlen(3), mbrtowc(3), and wcrtomb(3) mbsrtowcs.3 wcsrtombs.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mbsinit(3) mbstowcs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Puiu] Add example program And add some SEE ALSO entries memcmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memcmp() is thread safe. memcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memcpy() is thread safe. memfrob.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memfrob() is thread safe. memmem.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memmem() is thread safe. memmove.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memmove() is thread safe. mempcpy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions mempcpy() and wmempcpy() are thread safe. memset.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function memset() is thread safe. strerror.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: strerror() and strerror_r() are in POSIX.1-2008 Michael Kerrisk Add SS heading for strerror_r() toupper.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite to more explicitly bring locales into the discussion Michael Kerrisk Retitle BUGS section to NOTES These are not really bugs, just background info. wcrtomb.3 wcsnrtombs.3 wcsrtombs.3 wcstombs.3 wctomb.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add various entries Mainly inspired by POSIX core.5 Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] Document core_pattern %d specifier Document %P core_pattern specifier Michael Kerrisk Rearrange core_pattern specifiers alphabetically locale.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3) feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers] Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE macro The _ISOC95_SOURCE macro is defined in , but it does nothing. So remove discussion of it, and move some of the discussion of C95 under the _ISOC99_SOURCE subhead. Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] Add packaging note for _BSD_SOURCE/_SVID_SOURCE/_DEFAULT_SOURCE To compile warning-free across glibc < 2.20 and glibc >= 2.20 code may been to define both _DEFAULT_SOURCE and either _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE. Michael Kerrisk Reword description of C90 locale.7 Michael Kerrisk Add subsection on POSIX.1-2008 (originally GNU) extensions to locale API Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to LI18NUX2000 LI18NUX2000 is difficult to even find these days, and in any case this page does not document gettext(), so notes about gettext() in the CONFORMING TO section here make no sense. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) and wcstombs(3) SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3) man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Add preferred term "superblock" Michael Kerrisk Add preferred terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.64 ==================== Released: 2014-04-06, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Abhay Sachan Alexey Samsonov Andrey Vagin Aneesh Kumar K.V Christoph Hellwig David Prévot Eric Dumazet Eric W. Biederman Jan Kara Kir Kolyshkin Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger NeilBrown Peng Haitao Peter Hurley Petr Gajdos Robert P. J. Day Vince Weaver Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- open_by_handle_at.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger, Neil Brown, Aneesh Kumar K.V, Christoph Hellwig] New page describing name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite introductory section Reorganize "Limitations and caveats" subsection Michael Kerrisk Further describe the race when adding a watch to a new subtree Michael Kerrisk Directory renames may invalidate multiple paths cached by application Michael Kerrisk Add paragraph on cache consistency checking Michael Kerrisk Mention cache rebuilding to handle overflow events Michael Kerrisk Moving an object to another filesystem generates IN_DELETE_SELF Michael Kerrisk [Jan Kara] Add text on dealing with rename() events Michael Kerrisk Note rationale and consequences of event coalescing Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Inotify doesn't work for remote and pseudo filesystems Michael Kerrisk Add some examples of events generated by various system calls Michael Kerrisk BUGS: IN_ONESHOT does now cause IN_IGNORED when the watch is dropped A silent change as a result of the fanotify work in kernel 2.6.36. Michael Kerrisk Note that IN_DELETE_SELF will be followed by IN_IGNORED Michael Kerrisk Note that IN_UNMOUNT will be followed by an IN_IGNORED event Michael Kerrisk Inotify does not report events for mmap(2) and msync(2) Michael Kerrisk Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_ATTRIB Michael Kerrisk Add some examples of syscalls that trigger IN_MODIFY Michael Kerrisk execve(2) also generates IN_ACCESS Michael Kerrisk Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_CREATE Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] Document the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag The Linux 3.14 release adds support for the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag. feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Document _LARGEFILE_SOURCE tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] Document /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_autocorking Text heavily based on Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt New and changed links --------------------- name_to_handle_at.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new open_by_handle_at(2) page Global changes -------------- fmemopen.3 getaddrinfo.3 mq_notify.3 offsetof.3 aio.7 Michael Kerrisk Print size_t/ssize_t values using %z printf() modifier There are fewer and fewer systems these days that don't support the %z specifier mandated in C99. So replace the use of %ld/%lu + (long) cast with %zd/%zu. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bdflush.2 fsync.2 sync.2 Kir Kolyshkin SEE ALSO: remove update(8) reference Remove reference to update(8) man page, since there is no such page. This is an ancient BSD leftover I believe. chown.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used getxattr.2 Abhay Sachan Fix RETURN VALUE description A EA can have length zero. inotify_add_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add ENAMETOOLONG inotify_init.2 Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to inotify(7) link.2 Michael Kerrisk When AT_EMPTY_PATH is specified, 'olddirfd' must not refer to a directory mmap.2 Andrey Vagin The file descriptor for a file mapping must be readable There is no difference between MAP_SHARED and MAP_PRIVATE. open.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add open_by_name_at(2) perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Document PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD behavior change Linux 3.14 (in commit bad7192b842c83e580747ca57104dd51fe08c223) changes the perf_event PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl() behavior on all architectures to update immediately, to match the behavior found on ARM. stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add sched_getattr() and sched_setattr() And update kernel version to 3.14 abort.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function abort() is thread safe. confstr.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), fpathconf(3), sysconf(3), pathconf(3) exit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function exit() is not thread safe. fenv.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(), fesetexceptflag(), fetestexcept(), fegetround(), fesetround(), fegetenv(), feholdexcept(), fesetenv(), feupdateenv(), feenableexcept(), fedisableexcept() and fegetexcept() are thread safe. fpathconf.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add confstr(3) fseek.3 Michael Kerrisk [Petr Gajdos] Document EINVAL error for negative file offset fseeko.3 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements fts.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Remove mention of "32-bit systems" in BUGS fwide.3 wprintf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE feature test macro getline.3 Alexey Samsonov Caller should free the allocated buffer even if getline() failed Relevant discussion in glibc bugzilla: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5666 getloadavg.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getloadavg() is thread safe. getpt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getpt() is thread safe. if_nametoindex.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions if_nametoindex() and if_indextoname() are thread safe. index.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions index() and rindex() are thread safe. mkfifo.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions mkfifo() and mkfifoat() are thread safe. netlink.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: make the reference for libnetlink the libnetlink(3) man page random.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions random(), srandom(), initstate() and setstate() are thread safe. random_r.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions random_r(), srandom_r(), initstate_r() and setstate_r() are thread safe. sigvec.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions sigvec(), sigblock(), sigsetmask() and siggetmask() are thread safe. The macro sigmask() is thread safe. sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add confstr(3) termios.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] Fix error in discussion of MIN > 0, TIME == 0 noncanonical mode As reported by Peter Hurley, for the MIN > 0, TIME == 0 case: read() may unblock when MIN bytes are available but return up to the 'count' parameter if more input arrives in between waking and copying into the user buffer. ... read() may also _not_ return until MIN bytes have been received, even if 'count' bytes have been received. Michael Kerrisk Add a note on interaction of O_NONBLOCK with noncanonical MIN/TIME POSIX leaves the behavior open. Michael Kerrisk Clarify termination conditions for MIN > 0, TIME > 0 Michael Kerrisk Clarify behavior if data is available before noncanonical read() Michael Kerrisk Add descriptive titles to noncanonical read() cases symlink.7 Michael Kerrisk Add subsection on opening a symbolic link with O_PATH Michael Kerrisk name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) optionally follow symlinks Michael Kerrisk Mention use of readlink(2) to read contents of a symlink ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.65 ==================== Released: 2014-04-20, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alex Thorlton Ashish Sangwan Christopher Covington Christoph Hellwig Craig McQueen Dave Chinner David Prévot Greg Troxel Matthew Dempsky Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Namjae Jeon Peng Haitao Petr Gajdos Richard Hansen Simon Paillard Steven Stewart-Gallus Vince Weaver Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- inet_net_pton.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing inet_net_pton(3) and inet_net_ntop(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk, Namjae Jeon [Christoph Hellwig, Dave Chinner] Document FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alex Thorlton] Document PR_SET_THP_DISABLE and PR_GET_THP_DISABLE proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/stack Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/clear_refs New and changed links --------------------- inet_net_ntop.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new inet_net_pton.3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note the race when O_CLOEXEC is used at same time as fork()+execve() madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: see prctl(2) Because of PR_SET_THP_DISABLE. mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe treatment of MCL_FUTURE during fork(2) and execve(2) msync.2 Michael Kerrisk [Richard Hansen, Greg Troxel] Warn that one of MS_SYNC or MS_ASYNC is required open.2 Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on the race that O_CLOEXEC is designed to avoid Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Dempsky] Remove crufty text stating that O_DIRECTORY is Linux-specific Michael Kerrisk Note which filesystems support O_TMPFILE perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] Clarify EACCES and EPERM errors Clarify the reasons for EACCES and EPERM errors. Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk] Make the ERRORS section more comprehensive. Determined both by code inspection and by writing a large number of test programs. personality.2 Michael Kerrisk Available execution domains are listed in Michael Kerrisk Fix discussion of return value prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_TIMING ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_DUMPABLE ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite description of SHMMNI default value Michael Kerrisk Note default value of SHMMAX Note default value for SHMALL byteorder.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions htonl(), htons(), ntohl() and ntohs() are thread safe. fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] If 'fd' is a close-on-exec file descriptor for a script, fexecve() fails See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74481 ffs.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions ffs(), ffsl() and ffsll() are thread safe. getauxval.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getauxval() is thread safe. getcontext.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions getcontext() and setcontext() are thread safe. getsubopt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getsubopt() is thread safe. getutmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions getutmp() and getutmpx() are thread safe. inet.3 Michael Kerrisk Note success and error return for inet_aton() inet.3 Michael Kerrisk [Craig McQueen] The form 'a.b' if is suitable for Class A addresses (not class C) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add inet_net_pton(3) makecontext.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions makecontext() and swapcontext() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setdetachstate() and pthread_attr_getdetachstate() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setguardsize() and pthread_attr_getguardsize() are thread safe. sigsetops.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(), sigdelset(), sigismember(), sigisemptyset(), sigorset() and sigandset() are thread safe. proc.5 Petr Gajdos Improve /proc/[pid]/smaps entries description Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/smaps is present only if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{shmall,shmmax} Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{msgmax,msgmnb} capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add capsh(1) libc.7 Michael Kerrisk Add musl libc ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.66 ==================== Released: 2014-05-08, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alan Curry Carsten Andrich Daniel Borkmann David Prévot Eric Siegerman Heinrich Schuchardt Jan Kara Jan Moskyto Matejka John Marshall Lukáš Czerner Manfred Spraul Michael Kerrisk Miklos Szeredi Neil Horman Peng Haitao Peter Schiffer Randy Dunlap Silvan Jegen Simon Paillard Stefan Puiu Steven Stewart-Gallus Stijn Hinterding Willem de Bruijn Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- fanotify_init.2 Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting fanotify_init(2) fanotify_mark.2 Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting fanotify_mark(2) sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk Page rewritten Stripped out the general scheduling material, which moved to sched(7), and rewrote much of the remainder. Changed copyright and license since pretty much all of the content was or is written by mtk. fanotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk New page providing overview of the fanotify API sched.7 Michael Kerrisk New page providing an overview of the scheduling APIs Most of this content derives from sched_setscheduler(2). In preparation for adding a sched_setattr(2) page, it makes sense to isolate out this general content to a separate page that is referred to by the other scheduling pages. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fallocate.2 Lukas Czerner [Michael Kerrisk] Document FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in Linux 3.14, for zeroing ranges in the allocated space in a file. rename.2 Miklos Szeredi [Michael Kerrisk] Document renameat2() system call added in Linux 3.15 shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk Document SHM_EXEC Changes to individual pages --------------------------- flock.2 Michael Kerrisk Employ term "open file description" in DESCRIPTION And include reference to open(2) for an explanation of the term. getpriority.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched(7) getsockopt.2 Carsten Andrich SEE ALSO: add packet(7) link.2 Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] Document ENOENT error for linkat() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301 msgget.2 Michael Kerrisk Reword EEXIST error msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Note capability required to raise MQ size beyond MSGMNB msync.2 Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] s/flushes... back to disk/flushes... back to filesystem/ nice.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched(7) open.2 Peter Schiffer Update note on alignment of user buffer and file offset for O_DIRECT The sentence in open(2) man page in notes for O_DIRECT flag: "Under Linux 2.6, alignment to 512-byte boundaries suffices." is not universally correct. The alignment is a property of the storage, for example, 4k-sector drives with no 512 byte sector emulation will be unable to perform 512-byte direct I/O. Michael Kerrisk Note some of the various synonyms for "open file description" Michael Kerrisk Remove repetitious text on use of fcntl() to change file status flags open_by_handle_at.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention FreeBSD analogs posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Siegerman] Fix wording error under "Architecture-specific variants" See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75431 process_vm_readv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stijn Hinterding] Add feature test macro requirements The _GNU_SOURCE FTM must be defined. read.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4 See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458 sched_get_priority_max.2 Michael Kerrisk Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) sched_rr_get_interval.2 Michael Kerrisk Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) sched_setparam.2 Michael Kerrisk Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) sched_yield.2 Michael Kerrisk Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7) semget.2 Michael Kerrisk Consolidate discussion on noninitialization of semaphores The fact that semget() does not initialize the semaphores in a new set was covered in two places (in DESCRIPTION and BUGS). Consolidate these into one place (in NOTES) and also point out that POSIX.1-2008 says that a future version of the standard may require an implementation to initialize the semaphores to 0. Michael Kerrisk Clarify SEMMNS versus SEMMSL*SEMMNI Michael Kerrisk Rework EINVAL text a little Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording for EEXIST error shmget.2 Manfred Spraul Clarify SHMALL The default for SHMALL is a limit of 8 GB, regardless of PAGE_SIZE. The current documentation does not mention that and is therefore more difficult to understand than necessary. Manfred Spraul Correct math error 2097152 is 2^21, not 2^20. Michael Kerrisk Reword EEXIST error Michael Kerrisk Clarify one of the EINVAL cases Michael Kerrisk Note that SHM_NORESERVE is a Linux extension Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] Fix kernel version numbers in discussion of SHMALL Michael Kerrisk Rework EINVAL text Michael Kerrisk Move and rework discussion of mode bits Michael Kerrisk Reword description of O_EXCL shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk Move fork(2), execve(2), _exit(2) discussion to NOTES Michael Kerrisk Add subheads for shmat() and shmdt() Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of SHM_RDONLY and SHM_REMAP into list format Michael Kerrisk Structure the attach cases as a list sigaction.2 Alan Curry Fix bad cross reference (times(2) not time(2)) The system call that reports child CPU usage is times(2), not time(2). symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] Document ENOENT error for symlinkat() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301 syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add renameat2() And bump kernel version. write.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4 See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458 pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setinheritsched() and pthread_attr_getinheritsched() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setschedparam() and pthread_attr_getschedparam() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setschedpolicy() and pthread_attr_getschedpolicy() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setscope.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setscope() and pthread_attr_getscope() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setstack.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setstack() and pthread_attr_getstack() are thread safe. sched_getcpu.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched(7) termios.3 Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov] Rework intro text for 'c_oflag' Michael Kerrisk OFDEL is in POSIX.1-2001, so remove "(Not in POSIX)" text proc.5 Jan Moskyto Matejka [Randy Dunlap] Improve description of /proc/stat 'intr' field The sum at the beginning of line "intr" includes also unnumbered interrupts. packet.7 Carsten Andrich [Neil Horman] Improve sockopt documentation for packet sockets Carsten Andrich [Willem de Bruijn] PACKET_LOSS has inverse meaning Stefan Puiu [Daniel Borkmann, Carsten Andrich] Status in PACKET_RX_RING is actually a bit mask Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Andrich] SEE ALSO: add /tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket.c ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.67 ==================== Released: 2014-05-21, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andy Lutomirski Aurelien Jarno Bill Allombert Christoph Hellwig Davidlohr Bueso Heinrich Schuchardt Ingo Schwarze Jan Kara Jon Grant Juri Lelli Lucas De Marchi Michael Kerrisk Peng Haitao Peter Zijlstra Rasmus Villemoes Sam Varshavchik Simon Paillard Steven Stewart-Gallus Török Edwin William Morriss Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- sched_setattr.2 Michael Kerrisk, Peter Zijlstra [Juri Lelli] New page describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2) system.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrote large parts of the page and added a number of details Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- sched.7 Peter Zijlstra, Michael Kerrisk [Juri Lelli] Document SCHED_DEADLINE New and changed links --------------------- renameat2.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to rename.2 sched_getattr.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new sched_setattr Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bind.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion chown.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add some subheadings connect.2 Michael Kerrisk [William Morriss] ERRORS: Add EADDRNOTAVAIL for ephemeral port range exhaustion Verified from testing and the kernel source. See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=745775 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of ip_local_port_range under EAGAIN error create_module.2 delete_module.2 init_module.2 query_module.2 Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi] Clarify glibc header file declaration/ABI wrapper details create_module(), delete_module(), init_module(), and query_module() are not declared in header files, but through an accident of history glibc provides an ABI for them that it continues to maintain, for compatibility reasons. execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus] Note SIGKILL case when execve() fails beyond the point of no return Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a subheading and reorder paragraphs fanotify_init.2 Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] Document range of permitted flags for event_f_flags With a new patch included in the mm tree, event_f_flags is checked for allowable values. fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add "file locking" subheading under NOTES fork.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN unless the reset-on-fork flag is set. futex.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that there is no glibc wrapper getpriority.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes for getpriority() and setpriority() The who argument has type id_t (which happens to be u32 on linux). get_robust_list.2 Rasmus Villemoes Add to synopsis of get_robust_list() If one were to implement wrappers for [gs]et_robust_list() using the given prototypes, one would also have to include sys/types.h to get a definition of size_t. getrusage.2 Michael Kerrisk [Bill Allombert] _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to obtain RUSAGE_THREAD definition See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=746569 link.2 open.2 Andy Lutomirski [Michael Kerrisk] Update AT_EMPTY_PATH and O_PATH documentation listen.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion mbind.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for mbind(2) The nmask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long. (Well, at least says nmask is const. The current kernel does not define it as a const argument, but sys_mbind() only passes it to get_nodes(), which does treat it as const.) msgop.2 Davidlohr Bueso [Michael Kerrisk] Enhance description of "full queue" criteria poll.2 Rasmus Villemoes Add to synopsis for ppoll() One needs to #include to get the definition of the type (sigset_t) of the mask argument to ppoll(). readlink.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix return type of readlinkat() recv.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of msg_name and msg_namelen fields recvmmsg.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe timeout bug See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75371 and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/5677 remap_file_pages.2 Andy Lutomirski [Christoph Hellwig, Andy Lutomirski] remap_file_pages() has no benefit for real files Linux commit 3ee6dafc677a68e461a7ddafc94a580ebab80735 caused remap_file_pages to be emulated when used on real file. sched_get_priority_max.2 Michael Kerrisk 'policy' can also be SCHED_DEADLINE sched_setaffinity.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for sched_setaffinity() The mask argument is const. sched_setparam.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: mark errors that apply just for sched_setparam() Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EINVAL for invalid arguments Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched_setattr(2) sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: mark errors that apply just to sched_setscheduler() Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL case for pid < 0 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: separate out EINVAL cases semget.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add subheadings and reorder paragraphs semop.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes for semop() and semtimedop() The nsops arguments have type size_t, not unsigned, and the timeout argument of semtimedop() is const. Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a subheading send.2 Michael Kerrisk Add details on various 'msghdr' fields Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EAGAIN for ephemeral port range exhaustion Michael Kerrisk Add some subheadings under DESCRIPTION shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a subheading stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno] Describe feature test macro requirements for file type test macros See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728240 Michael Kerrisk Update FTM requirements for lstat() Michael Kerrisk Split discussion of 'st_mode' fields into type and permissions Michael Kerrisk Move text on S_I*() macros to follow text on S_I* macros That ordering is more logical stime.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for stime() The argument is const, both according to the actual header files and according to . syscall.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for syscall() The first argument and the return value of syscall() has type long, not int. getopt.3 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: Add subheadings to distinguish the two example programs malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Reword text referring to mallopt(3) Linux libc is no longer "recent"; drop mention of it. pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 pthread_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_setschedparam.3 pthread_setschedprio.3 pthread_yield.3 pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Change references to "sched_setscheduler(2)" to "sched(7)" Change consistent with the fact that the scheduling overview page is now sched(7) not sched_setscheduler(2). pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setstackaddr() and pthread_attr_getstackaddr() are thread safe. pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_attr_setstacksize() and pthread_attr_getstacksize() are thread safe. pthread_kill.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_kill() is thread safe. pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_kill_other_threads_np() is thread safe. pthread_self.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_self() is thread safe. pthread_setcancelstate.3 Michael Kerrisk Add paragraph breaks to "Asynchronous cancelability" subsection pthread_setcancelstate.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_setcancelstate() and pthread_setcanceltype() are thread safe. Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add some subheadings pthread_setschedparam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_setschedparam() and pthread_getschedparam() are thread safe. pthread_setschedprio.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_setschedprio() is thread safe. pthread_sigmask.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_sigmask() is thread safe. pthread_sigqueue.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_sigqueue() is thread safe. pthread_testcancel.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_testcancel() is thread safe. pthread_yield.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_yield() is thread safe. remquo.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions remquo(), remquof() and remquol() are thread safe. rtime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function rtime() is thread safe. sched_getcpu.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function sched_getcpu() is thread safe. stpcpy.3 Ingo Schwarze Note some history of stpcpy() Quoting Ingo: I just noticed that the stpcpy(3) manual contains a speculation that appears to be untrue on closer investigation: That function did not originate in MS DOS, but in Lattice C on AmigaDOS. Here is a patch against the git master HEAD to fix that, and add some more historical information. To provide some background and allow you to more easily verify the correctness of the patch, i'm appending my mail to , where i'm giving some more details about the history and pointing to some primary sources. That mail also contains the (similar, but shorter) patch i just committed to the OpenBSD manual page. strcasecmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno, Török Edwin] Explain why strcasecmp()+strncasecmp() are also declared in See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729436 strcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add a subheading fd.4 Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik] Fix floppy disk device names The naming convention shown in the page was ancient. Now, the page is consistent with Documentation/devices.txt (where it is noted that "The use of the capital letters D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since the drive type is insignificant for these devices" proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/timer_stats Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document /proc/timer_list Michael Kerrisk Add /proc/sys/kernel/{sched_rt_period_us,sched_rt_runtime_us} Reference sched(7) for an explanation of these two files capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention sched_setattr(2) under CAP_SYS_NICE cpuset.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched(7) credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention sched_getattr() as a place where credentials are checked fanotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt [Jan Kara] BUGS: error events can be lost when reading from fanotify FD Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] Fix description of FAN_EVENT_NEXT() FAN_EVENT_NEXT() does not update 'meta'; rather, it returns a pointer to the next metadata structure. In addition, generally rework the description to be a bit clearer and more detailed. Heinrich Schuchardt Document FAN_EVENT_METADATA_LEN ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Note cases where an ephemeral port is used Michael Kerrisk Remove BUGS text on glibc failing to declare in_pktinfo Michael Kerrisk Clarify 'ip_local_port_range' and mention the term "ephemeral ports" Michael Kerrisk Note some more details about assignment of ephemeral ports Michael Kerrisk BUGS: ephemeral port range exhaustion is diagnosed inconsistently Different system calls use different 'errno' values to diagnose exhaustion of the ephemeral port range. sched.7 Michael Kerrisk Document sched_rt_period_us and sched_rt_runtime_us /proc files And rework and relocate the text on dealing with runaway real-time processes. Michael Kerrisk Mention sched_setattr(2) in list of APIs that can change policies Michael Kerrisk sched_setattr(2) can also be used to set 'nice' value Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of sched_setscheduler() when talking about sched_priority There are nowadays multiple ways to set sched_priority (and in fact there always were, since we also had sched_setparam(2)). Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt Michael Kerrisk Don't mention sched_setscheduler(2) in discussions of setting policies In a couple of places, sched_setscheduler(2) is mentioned as the way of setting policies. But now there is sched_setattr(2) as well, rewrite the text in a more generic way. Michael Kerrisk Rework summary text describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2) Note that these APIs are a superset of sched_setscheduler(2) and sched_getscheduler(2). Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty text relating to sched_setscheduler() All of the removed text is in sched_setscheduler(2) and should have been trimmed from this page. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: Mention more files in Documentation/scheduler/ directory ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.68 ==================== Released: 2014-05-28, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alastair McKinstry Carsten Grohmann Colin Williams Heinrich Schuchardt Lars Wirzenius Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Peng Haitao Rasmus Villemoes Richard Braakman Simon Paillard Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- localedef.1 Marko Myllynen, Richard Braakman, Alastair McKinstry, Lars Wirzenius New page for localedef(1) Add new page based on Debian localedef(1) page. New and changed links --------------------- procfs.5 New link to proc.5 Since the term "procfs" is widely used, it seems reasonable to have a link from that name to proc(5). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- locale.1 Marko Myllynen Provide a step-by-step example of how to use a custom locale Marko Myllynen Use LC_TELEPHONE instead of LC_MESSAGES in the example yesstr/nostr in LC_MESSAGES are planned to be changed at some point [1], so it's better to provide an example which won't be obsoleted by that change. [1] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16975 adjtimex.2 Michael Kerrisk Add feature test macro requirements clone.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add cross-reference to fork(2) for explanation of EAGAIN fork.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add pid_max and threads-max to EAGAIN And rewrite text to be the same as pthread_create(3). getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk RLIMIT_NPROC is not enforced if CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE remap_file_pages.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The pgoff argument has type size_t, not ssize_t (and in the kernel it is unsigned long). set_mempolicy.2 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for set_mempolicy(2) The nodemask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long. swapon.2 Rasmus Villemoes Remove header from synopsis The header is not readily available, and the comment seems to indicate that it is for getting PAGE_SIZE. But it is never mentioned why one would need to know that, and it is in any case better obtained using sysconf(), provided by . a64l.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype for a64l() The argument is const, both according to POSIX and the glibc headers. adjtime.3 Rasmus Villemoes Add required header The prototype for adjtime(3) is declared in . argz_add.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes Update the prototypes of argz_{delete,extract,next} to agree with glibc headers and manual. bstring.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes The length parameter n has type size_t in bcmp(), bcopy() and bzero(). envz_add.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes The envz_len parameters for envz_entry() and envz_get() are not passed by reference. fpathconf.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The path argument to pathconf() is const. fseek.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The pos argument to fsetpos() is const. gcvt.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The ndigit parameter to gcvt() has type int. getaddrinfo_a.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The pointer arguments to gai_suspend() are const. getauxval.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix permissions There doesn't seem to be any reason for getauxval.3 to be executable... getnameinfo.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The hostlen and servlen parameters have type socklen_t. (The types changed in glibc 2.2) Michael Kerrisk Note types of 'hostlen'; and 'servlen' in glibc < 2.2 getrpcent.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The argument to getrpcbyname() is const. getrpcport.3 Rasmus Villemoes Add #include and fix prototype The prototype for getrpcport() is obtained by #include'ing . Also, update its prototype. getspnam.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The struct spwd argument to putspent() is const. getutent.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes The arguments to getutid(), getutline(), and pututline() are const. inet.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The parameters to inet_makeaddr have type in_addr_t. inet_net_pton.3 Rasmus Villemoes srcfix, cfix Use a consistent style throughout the man-pages. key_setsecret.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes Remove const qualifiers from arguments to key_decryptsession, key_encryptsession, and key_setsecret. makecontext.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The second argument to swapcontext() is const. makedev.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype gnu_dev_makedev, and hence its trivial macro wrapper makedev, takes two unsigned int parameters; this is consistent with it being the inverse of (gnu_dev_)major/minor, which return unsigned int. malloc_trim.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype As mentioned further down, malloc_trim returns an integer. mq_getattr.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The newattr parameter to mq_setattr is const. newlocale.3 Marko Myllynen List all available category masks Michael Kerrisk Add LC_ALL_MASK description nl_langinfo.3 Marko Myllynen Expand the example code a bit Better illustrate querying elements from different categories. perror.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix declaration The elements of the array sys_errlist are also const. pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3 pthread_attr_setguardsize.3 pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3 pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3 pthread_attr_setscope.3 pthread_attr_setstack.3 pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3 pthread_attr_setstacksize.3 Rasmus Villemoes Constify parameters Each of the pthread_attr_get* functions extract some piece of information from a pthread_attr_t, which is passed by const reference. Add the const keyword to the prototypes of these functions. pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] Add feature test macro requirements pthread_create.3 Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann] Add pid_max limit to EAGAIN error cases pthread_equal.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_equal() is thread safe. pthread_exit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_exit() is thread safe. pthread_getcpuclockid.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function pthread_getcpuclockid() is thread safe. pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_setaffinity_np() and pthread_getaffinity_np() are thread safe. pthread_setconcurrency.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions pthread_setconcurrency() and pthread_getconcurrency() are thread safe. pthread_setname_np.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The name parameter of pthread_getname_np is an output parameter and hence not const. pthread_setschedparam.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes Add return type for pthread_{s,g}etschedparam. pthread_setschedprio.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype Add return type for pthread_setschedprio. pthread_sigqueue.3 Rasmus Villemoes Add missing #include rcmd.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes Unlike the BSDs, the second argument of rcmd() and rcmd_af() has type unsigned short. The first argument of iruserok_af() has type const void*. re_comp.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes re_comp and re_exec take const char* arguments. resolver.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes and extern-declaration Fix const- and signedness of various char* parameters. Also, there is no "struct state", but _res is a struct __res_state. (Actually, _res is errno-like in that it is really a macro expanding to (*__res_state()).) rexec.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes The user, passwd and cmd arguments to rexec and rexec_af are all const. rtime.3 Rasmus Villemoes Replace header The header does not provide rtime(); does, as is also implied in both the NOTES and EXAMPLE sections. scandir.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototypes The alphasort and versionsort functions take arguments of type const struct dirent **, not const void *. setlocale.3 Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] Simplify locale category listing and add GNU-specific locale categories Some information that was here will move to locale(7). Marko Myllynen Remove now obsolete NOTES section setnetgrent.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The buflen argument to getnetgrent_r has type size_t. sigvec.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The vec argument to sigvec is const. tsearch.3 Rasmus Villemoes Fix prototype The rootp argument to tfind is "void * const *", not "const void **". core.5 Michael Kerrisk Core dump files are nowadays core.pid by default locale.5 Marko Myllynen Document mon_grouping and grouping properly Michael Kerrisk Note default value for 'first_workday' Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] Add brief descriptions of collating-element and collating-symbol Marko Myllynen t_fmt_ampm is needed only for locales that employ AM/PM convention Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] Remove crufty reference to /usr/lib/nls/src That file is nowhere to be found Marko Myllynen Clarify LC_TIME/am_pm and LC_NAME keywords usage am_pm should be defined only if AM/PM convention is used to signal applications they should not try to print them when using them in unwanted. Same for all LC_NAME keywords expect for name_fmt which should be always defined. Marko Myllynen Clarify lang_term / lang_lib As noted by Keld Simonsen in the lib-locales@sourceware mailing list: https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-locales/2014-q2/msg00008.html From: Keld Simonsen To: Marko Myllynen Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2014 17:02:09 +0200 lang_term reflects ISO 639-2/T (terminology) codes, while lang_lib reflects ISO 639-2/B (bibliographic) codes. lang_term is preferred over lang_lib codes for locale names. There are 20 specific ISO 639-2/B codes. Marko Myllynen Correct the FILES section proc.5 Michael Kerrisk 'pid_max' is a system-wide limit on number of threads and processes Since PIDs > /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max are not allocated, this file thus also imposes a system-wide limit on the number of threads and processes. capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows overriding RLIMIT_NPROC Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_PTRACE allows process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2) charsets.7 Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] Remove crufty statement that Romanian may be switching to ISO 8859-16 Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient paragraph on charsets supported in glibc 2.3.2 That test is rather ancient, and probably of little use. fanotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Fix to example program: fanotify read() should use aligned buffer inotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Add example program This example of the usage of the inotify API shows the usage of inotify_init1(2) and inotify_add_watch(2) as well as polling and reading from the inotify file descriptor. Heinrich Schuchardt munmap() does not generate inotify events locale.7 Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk] Document the LOCPATH environment variable Michael Kerrisk Add further details on various categories ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.69 ==================== Released: 2014-06-14, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Cyril Hrubis Jan Chaloupka Jeff Layton Kirill A. Shutemov KOSAKI Motohiro Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk NeilBrown Peng Haitao Petr Gajdos Qian Lei Rasmus Villemoes Vasiliy Kulikov Walter Harms Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- iconv.1 Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk] New page for the iconv(1) command iconvconfig.8 Marko Myllynen New page for iconvconfig(8) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fcntl.2 Jeff Layton, Michael Kerrisk Document open file description locks As provided by the fcntl() operations F_OFD_SETLK, F_OFD_SETLKW, and F_OFD_GETLK Changes to individual pages --------------------------- locale.1 Marko Myllynen Add FILES section, add charmap(5) reference Marko Myllynen Align with recent charmap(5) / repertoiremap(5) changes execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] Before kernel 2.6.0, RLIMIT_NPROC had no effect for set*uid() Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov] RLIMIT_NPROC is checked only if preceded by set*uid() Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov, NeilBrown, KOSAKI Motohiro] Document EAGAIN error See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42704 fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Detail the limitations of traditional (process-associated) locks Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] Describe how to check whether the kernel supports a particular command Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'cmd' Michael Kerrisk Add para introducing advisory locks and noting existence of OFD locks Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] Add notes on F_SETLKW deadlock detection and its limitations Michael Kerrisk Add an explicit note that mandatory locking is not in POSIX Michael Kerrisk Rewrite introductory paragraphs on mandatory locking Make the structure more logical, and also explicitly mention OFD locks. Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] Reword discussion of mandatory lock bug a little Jeff Layton confirmed that the bug remains even in modern kernels. Michael Kerrisk Explain POSIX background to EACCES/EAGAIN error for F_GETLK Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES subhead for record locking and NFS Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] Note treatment of locks when an NFS client loses contact with the server Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] nfsv4leasetime controls the "contact lost" interval for NFSv4 flock.2 Michael Kerrisk In some modern BSDs, fcntl() and flock() locks do interact So, reword and extend the discussion of this topic in NOTES. Michael Kerrisk Move NOTES text describing implementation of flock() Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] Add more details on NFS, including Linux 2.6.37 changes Also: move NOTES text describing interaction of fcntl() and flock() locks. fork.2 Michael Kerrisk Add notes on inheritance of flock() and OFD locks across fork() lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to open(2) for discussion of file descriptors and OFDs open.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework and extend the discussion of open file descriptions open_by_handle_at.2 Rasmus Villemoes Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) recvmmsg.2 Rasmus Villemoes Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) remap_file_pages.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov] Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated sendmmsg.2 Rasmus Villemoes Add reference to feature_test_macros(7) seteuid.2 Michael Kerrisk seteuid() and setegid() are implemented as library functions Michael Kerrisk Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 setresuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs Michael Kerrisk Correct the description of the EAGAIN error Michael Kerrisk Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure Michael Kerrisk Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 Michael Kerrisk Add EAGAIN error for hitting RLIMIT_NPROC limit Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure Michael Kerrisk Correct the description of the EAGAIN error Michael Kerrisk Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs statfs.2 Cyril Hrubis Update MAGIC constants Most of the updates are taken from /usr/include/linux/magic.h, some were found by grepping the Linux source code. Cyril Hrubis [Michael Kerrisk] fstatfs(2) was broken on file descriptors from pipe(2) syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated basename.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions basename() and dirname() are thread safe. catgets.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function catgets() is thread safe. getdate.3 Rasmus Villemoes Use blank definition of _GNU_SOURCE in example program getdirentries.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getdirentries() is thread safe. getdtablesize.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function getdtablesize() is thread safe. iconv.3 Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function iconv() is thread safe. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add iconvconfig(8) lockf.3 Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function lockf() is thread safe. malloc_get_state.3 Rasmus Villemoes SYNOPSIS: use correct header The nonstandard functions malloc_set_state() and malloc_get_state() are provided by not . malloc_usable_size.3 Qian Lei ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function malloc_usable_size() is thread safe. matherr.3 Qian Lei [Peng Haitao] ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function matherr() is thread safe. mkdtemp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mkdtemp() is thread safe. mkstemp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions mkstemp(), mkostemp(), mkstemps() and mkostemps() are thread safe. mq_close.3 Qian Lei ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mq_close() is thread safe. mq_getattr.3 Qian Lei ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The functions mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are thread safe. mq_open.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mq_open() is thread safe. mq_receive.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions mq_receive() and mq_timedreceive() are thread safe. mq_send.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions mq_send() and mq_timedsend() are thread safe. mq_unlink.3 Qian Lei ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mq_unlink() is thread safe. posix_fallocate.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function posix_fallocate() is thread safe. posix_openpt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function posix_openpt() is thread safe. siginterrupt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function siginterrupt() is not thread safe. system.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function system() is thread safe. charmap.5 Marko Myllynen Update to match current glibc charmap(5) was outdated, bring it to closer to reality by fixing syntax descriptions to match current glibc code and practices, adding missing options, removing obsolete comments and references, and removing now incorrect examples. locale.5 Marko Myllynen Clarify AM/PM settings a bit localedef(1) complains if really undefined, should be empty instead. Also: add some SEE ALSO references. Marko Myllynen Document glibc conventions regarding days and week Based on existing practice and glibc community wiki page at https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka, Walter Harms] Add a brief description of /proc/fs repertoiremap.5 Marko Myllynen New page for repertoiremap(5) Rather obsolete feature but localedef(1) refers to repertoiremaps. bootparam.7 Petr Gajdos Describe 'rootflags' and 'rootdelay' kernel parameters Patch based on text from Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt charsets.7 Marko Myllynen Update to reflect past developments Rewrite the introduction to make Unicode's prominence more obvious. Reformulate parts of the text to reflect current Unicode world. Minor clarification for ASCII/ISO sections, some other minor fixes. Marko Myllynen List CJK encodings in the order of C, J, K environ.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add env(1), printenv(1), ld.so(8) locale.7 Marko Myllynen Add some SEE ALSO references man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that .TH 'date' field is nowadays automatically updated by scripts signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe EINTR semantics for recvmmsg(2) Michael Kerrisk Clarify text describing EINTR semantics for socket interfaces unicode.7 Marko Myllynen Update to reflect past developments The unicode(7) page will look more modern with few small changes: - drop old BUGS section, editors cope with UTF-8 ok these days, and perhaps the state-of-the-art is better described elsewhere anyway than in a man page - drop old suggestion about avoiding combined characters - refer to LANANA for Linux zone, add registry file reference - drop a reference to an inactive/dead mailing list - update some reference URLs utf-8.7 Marko Myllynen Drop an old comment about UTF-8 replacing ISO 8859 And add locale(1) under SEE ALSO. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.70 ==================== Released: 2014-07-08, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Carlos O'Donell Elie De Brauwer Florian Weimer Heinrich Schuchardt Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Nadav Har'El NeilBrown Rich Felker Robert P. J. Day Simon Paillard Tomi Salminen Walter Harms Yuri Kozlov Кирилл Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- sprof.1 Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] New page for the glibc sprof(1) command Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- epoll_ctl.2 NeilBrown Document EPOLLWAKEUP epoll.7 NeilBrown Document EPOLLWAKEUP Changes to individual pages --------------------------- iconv.1 iconvconfig.8 Marko Myllynen Clarify gconv file terminology a bit ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) connect.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPROTOTYPE See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=708394 dup.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Fix erroneous discussion regarding closing 'newfd' before calling dup2() And propose a workaround if the caller cares about catching close() time errors. See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23440216/race-condition-when-using-dup2#comment36888604_23444465 and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=411 Michael Kerrisk Rework and enhance discussion of dup2() In particular, note that dup2() performs the steps of closing and reusing 'newfd' atomically. Michael Kerrisk Add subhead for dup3() epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: EPOLLWAKEUP is silently ignored without CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND If the caller does not have CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND, then EPOLLWAKEUP is silently ignored. fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen] The return value for F_SETPIPE_SZ is the pipe capacity Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Document ENOTDIR error for F_NOTIFY Michael Kerrisk Use proper page cross-references in F_NOTIFY discussion Michael Kerrisk Suggest the use of real-time signals with F_NOTIFY getitimer.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite a few pieces to clarify some details inotify_add_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that the target of a watch is an i-node The target of a watch is an i-node, not a pathname. Clarify the text to prevent the reader possibly misunderstanding that establishing watches by two different links to the same file might create different watch descriptors. open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Кирилл] O_CLOEXEC is also one the flags not ignored when O_PATH is specified pipe.2 Elie De Brauwer PIPE_BUF is defined in limits.h To make use of PIPE_BUF in an application one should include . Adding a reference to this inclusion. poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] The negate-fd-to-ignore technique does not work for file descriptor 0 See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=79411 set_tid_address.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Use "thread" rather than "process" in DESCRIPTION Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add gettid(2) shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain SHMLBA in much more detail splice.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 syscalls.2 Carlos O'Donell Add prlimit64(2) While trying to reconcile the new features in glibc with the documented entries in the linux kernel man pages I noticed that glibc exports prlimit64 for use by 32-bit applications (as does the linux kernel), but that prlimit64 was not defined in the syscalls list or in the prlimit-related page. This is not the complete fix for this, but I don't have the time to explain why and when prlimit64 should be used (or how it should be used safely). Therefore I'm just patching the syscalls.2 list to show that prlimit64 exists and was added in 2.6.36 (verified with git by checking out the tags before and after). syslog.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework introductory paragraph Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] Rework text describing loglevels The kernel header file mentioned in the discussion of the KERN_* constants has morphed and is no longer exported inside glibc. And the definitions of the constants themselves changed subtly with kernel commit 04d2c8c83d0e3ac5f78aeede51babb3236200112. So, rewrite the description of the constants to be a bit more abstract. Michael Kerrisk Rewrite parts of the page, and import /proc/sys/kernel/printk * Move /proc/sys/kernel/printk from proc(5) to this page, and correct various details in the discussion of that file. * Rewrite and correct various other details on the page. * Clean out some crufty text. * Miscellaneous minor fixes. Michael Kerrisk Update SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_OFF + SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_ON description Details changed in Linux 2.6.32 tee.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 vmsplice.2 Michael Kerrisk Document EAGAIN error See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641 ether_aton.3 Michael Kerrisk Make description of ether_line() bug a little more informative mallopt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_ and MALLOC_MMAP_MAX_ *do* work in setgid programs My testing on this point was bogus, overlooking details of strace(1)'s behavior with setuid programs. See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12155 printf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Remove libc4 and libc5 details Rich Felker noted that "scare text" in the man page warned about the use of snprintf() on libc, and that some people had cited this as a reason not to use snprintf(). Linux libc is now ancient history, so there is no real need to keep that text. But, while we're at it, we may as well clear out all of the other ancient libc4 and libc5 pieces in the page. They are nowadays more clutter than help. Michael Kerrisk SUSv3 and later agree with C99 for the snprintf() return value Determined by inspection of the SUSv3 and SUSv4 specifications. Michael Kerrisk Remove some old text about glibc 2.0 changes We probably don't now need such ancient info. Michael Kerrisk Update references to standards for C and S conversion specifiers profil.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) charmap.5 Marko Myllynen Various minor updates and improvements - more precise title - extend description a bit - document previously omitted WIDTH_DEFAULT Marko Myllynen Remove accidental ISO C compliance reference glibc refers in locale/programs/charmap.c to ISO C 99 section 7.17.(2) and ISO C 99 section 5.2.1.(3) that if a character map is not ASCII compatible then the locale using it is not ISO C compliant. This does not state anything about the character set itself. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Replace /proc/sys/kernel/printk discussion with reference to syslog(2) It makes more sense to have the /proc/sys/kernel/printk with the related material in syslog(2). Michael Kerrisk Rewrite /proc/sys/kernel/printk description inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify which events are generated for watched directories Really, with respect to watched directories, events fall into three classes (not two, as was shown): * Events that can be generated only for the watched directory. * Events that can be generated only for objects that are inside the watched directory. * Events that can be generated both for the watched directory and for objects inside the directory. So, mark these three classes more clearly in the list of inotify events. Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] BUGS: Note possible bug triggered by watch descriptor reuse Watch descriptor IDs are returned by inotify_add_watch(). When calling inotify_rm_watch() an IN_IGNORED is placed on the inotify queue pointing to the ID of the removed watch. inotify_add_watch() should not return a watch descriptor ID for which events are still on the queue but should return an unused ID. Unfortunately, the existing Kernel code does not provide such a guarantee. Actually, in rare cases watch descriptor IDs are returned by inotify_add_watch() for which events are still on the inotify queue. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111 Michael Kerrisk Add further detail to the watch descriptor reuse bug As well as inotify_rm_watch(), file deletion and unmounting a filesystem can also cause a watch descriptor to be deleted. Michael Kerrisk The watch descriptor reuse bug may be hard to hit in practice Explain the circumstances in detail, indicating that the bug may be very unlikely to occur in practice. Michael Kerrisk Clarify description of IN_EXCL_UNLINK Clarify the text a little, in particular making it clearer that the target of a watch is an i-node (not a pathname). Michael Kerrisk Clarify IN_ONESHOT explanation Make it clearer that the target of monitoring is an i-node, not a pathname. Michael Kerrisk Make comment on 'mask' field more accurate libc.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other than glibc Michael Kerrisk Use absolute dates in discussion of libc vs glibc pipe.7 Elie De Brauwer Add reference that the pipe capacity can be changed In fcntl(2) F_SETPIPE_SZ, F_GETPIPE_SZ and /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size are defined, however pipe(7) still defines the pipe capacity as being a static entity. Adding a reference to fcntl(2). Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Clarify that since 2.6.35, 65535 bytes is the default pipe capacity ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that LD_PROFILE can specify just a single shared object Michael Kerrisk Clarify that LD_PROFILE output is appended to target file The LD_PROFILE output is appended to any existing contents of the target file. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sprof(1) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.71 ==================== Released: 2014-08-17, Chicago Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adrian Bunk Damir Nedzibovic David Prévot D. Barbier Jakub Wilk Jan Chaloupka Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger NeilBrown Paul Jackson Peng Haitao Rahul Bedarkar Rob Landley Ryan Hammonds Simon Paillard Ville Ylenius Vince Weaver Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- group_member.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting group_member(3) isfdtype.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting isfdtype(3) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Document new comm_exec flag Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit 82b897782d10fcc4 ) added support for differentiating between process renames caused by exec versus those caused by other methods. Vince Weaver Document new mmap2 record type Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit a5a5ba72843dd05f9 ) enabled the enhanced mmap2 record support. The interface was added in Linux 3.12 but disabled until Linux 3.16. Vince Weaver Document PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit bac52139f0b7ab31330 ) adds support for gathering PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND conditional branch values when doing PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK sampling. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/comm Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/pagemap Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/personality Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/syscall Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/kpagecount Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/kpageflags Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_kbytes capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add CAP_AUDIT_READ CAP_AUDIT_READ is new in Linux 3.16. Global changes -------------- ldd.1 clone.2 execve.2 getpagesize.2 ioperm.2 msgop.2 readv.2 recv.2 select.2 send.2 seteuid.2 shmop.2 signal.2 sync.2 sysinfo.2 utime.2 abs.3 atoi.3 catopen.3 clearenv.3 ctime.3 des_crypt.3 ecvt.3 flockfile.3 fseeko.3 ftime.3 ftok.3 ftw.3 getcwd.3 getdtablesize.3 getline.3 getpass.3 getpass.3 getutent.3 glob.3 insque.3 lseek64.3 memmem.3 mkstemp.3 mktemp.3 on_exit.3 openpty.3 putenv.3 putenv.3 qecvt.3 realpath.3 realpath.3 remove.3 setbuf.3 sigpause.3 strftime.3 strptime.3 tzset.3 xcrypt.3 utmp.5 environ.7 ipv6.7 packet.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient Linux libc details access.2 brk.2 chmod.2 eventfd.2 gethostname.2 getpriority.2 mmap.2 poll.2 ptrace.2 readv.2 sched_setaffinity.2 select.2 seteuid.2 signalfd.2 sync_file_range.2 timer_create.2 uname.2 wait.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading Changes to individual pages --------------------------- access.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to using access() on kernels that lack faccessat() bdflush.2 fsync.2 sync.2 proc.5 Adrian Bunk Change "sync(1)" to "sync(8)" bind.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Hammonds] Correct EINVAL error description As pointed out by Ryan: My application is trying to bind an IPv4 UDP socket to an address. I've found that passing an invalid address length to bind() causes bind to return EINVAL. According to the bind(2) manpage, this should only occur when using unix domain sockets (which I am not). chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to chmod() on kernels that don't support fchmodat() Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to chown()/lchown() on kernels that lack fchownat() epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: describe raw epoll_pwait() system call differences getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add group_member(3) getpriority.2 Michael Kerrisk Enhance discussion of kernel nice range versus user-space nice range Michael Kerrisk Move text describing nice range on other systems getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Add cross reference to core(5) in discussion of RLIMIT_CORE Michael Kerrisk Describe the "large" resource limit bug on 32-bit platforms See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5042. Michael Kerrisk Glibc's setrlimit() and getrlimit() are implemented using prlimit() kexec_load.2 Michael Kerrisk Note limit of 16 for 'nr_segments' Michael Kerrisk Clarify the 'flags' bits that contain the architecture Michael Kerrisk Add KEXEC_ARCH_68K to list of architectures for 'flags' Michael Kerrisk Reword description of 'flags' a little link.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to link() on kernels that lack linkat() Unless 'flags' contains AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW. mkdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to mkdir() on kernels that don't support mkdirat() perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER usage This clarifies the PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER section. I found these issue while implementing some code that uses the option. The important change is fixing the name of the sample_stack_user parameter, the rest is just some wording fixes and minor clarifications. Vince Weaver Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC usage When checking the fields in the PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC type samples you need to shift the masks before doing the compare. Although the value you are checking (perf_mem_data_src) is specified as a bitfield so this might all fall apart if trying to access the field in a cross-endian way. The Power people were working on this issue, not sure if they resolved it. poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe fifth argument (sigsetsize) of raw ppoll() system call process_vm_readv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ville Ylenius] Fix typo in example program readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to readlink() on kernels that lack readlinkat() recv.2 Michael Kerrisk 'addrlen' should be NULL (not 0) if we don't need sender address rename.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to rename() when the kernel doesn't have renameat() sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk The raw sigtimedwait() system call has a fifth argument symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to symlink() on kernels that lack symlinkat() sysinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section unlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc falls back to unlink() or rmdir() on kernels that lack unlinkat() atoi.3 Michael Kerrisk Downgrade discussion of atoq() Remove most references to atoq() in this page, since this function was present only in Linux libc (not glibc). cerf.3 cexp2.3 clog2.3 Michael Kerrisk Update version number on "Not yet in glibc" sentence fgetgrent.3 getgrent.3 getgrent_r.3 getgrnam.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] Clarify that 'gr_mem' is a NULL-terminated array of pointers fseeko.3 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section getauxval.3 Michael Kerrisk Document ENOENT error And add an entry to BUGS explaining the ambiguity that was present before the addition of this error. getgrouplist.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add group_member(3) getline.3 Rahul Bedarkar Close opened file at end of example program memmem.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite text of glibc 2.0 bug printf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Clarify details of the %n conversion specifier See http://bugs.debian.org/756602 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Note use of 'j', 'z', and 't' length modifiers for '%n' See http://bugs.debian.org/756602 Michael Kerrisk Update with some SUSv3 details setbuf.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient Linux libc and 4.x BSD details strstr.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove discussion of Linux libc bugs Linux libc is old enough that we needn't care any longer. strtod.3 Michael Kerrisk Explain NAN(n-char-sequence) strtod.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nan(3), nanf(3), NANL(3) updwtmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Replace AVAILABILITY section with note to link logwtmp() using -lutil Linux libc details are no longer needed these days. core.5 Rahul Bedarkar Close opened file in example program proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/stat fields proc.5 Jan Chaloupka Add missing proc stats fields Adding missing proc stats fields from https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard] Remove crufty text under 'timer_stats' Michael Kerrisk Update /proc/PID/stat 'state' field documentation Michael Kerrisk Improve description of /proc/PID/stat fields added in Linux 3.3 and 3.5 Michael Kerrisk Refer to getauxval(3) in discussion of /proc/PID/auxv Michael Kerrisk Rework formatting of /proc/PID/stat list Make the field numbers more prominent. Michael Kerrisk Note that /proc/PID/cmdline is read-only Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of CommitLimit and /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory Michael Kerrisk Improve discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio charsets.7 David Prévot [Marko Myllynen] Tidy up list Remove German from main list, to be consistent with earlier removal of Dutch and French (in commit a8ed5f7430e0d1). inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that IN_ONLY_DIR can be used to avoid races Michael Kerrisk Note that insertion of IN_MOVED_FROM+IN_MOVED_TO pair is not atomic Michael Kerrisk Mention use of timeout when reading IN_MOVED_TO after IN_MOVED_FROM man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Add description of "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing sections (stylistic improvements) vdso.7 Mike Frysinger Add new i386 vdso symbols in Linux 3.15 Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version that exports new i386 symbols (Linux 3.15) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.72 ==================== Released: 2014-09-07, Mountain View Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Christian von Roques Holger Hans Peter Freyther Michael Haardt Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Peter Schiffer Rusty Russell Sorin Dumitru Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- memusage.1 Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] New page for glibc memusage(1) command memusagestat.1 Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka, Michael Kerrisk] New page for glibc memusagestat(1) command mtrace.1 Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka] New page describing the glibc mtrace(1) command Changes to individual pages --------------------------- connect.2 Michael Haardt Note that a new socket should be used if connect() fails fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk One must define _GNU_SOURCE to get the F_OFD_* definitions poll.2, select.2 Rusty Russell Fix erroneous description of "available for write". POSIX says: "POLLOUT Normal data may be written without blocking.". This "may" is misleading, see the POSIX write page: Write requests to a pipe or FIFO shall be handled in the same way as a regular file with the following exceptions: ... If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, a write request may cause the thread to block, but on normal completion it shall return nbyte. ... When attempting to write to a file descriptor (other than a pipe or FIFO) that supports non-blocking writes and cannot accept the data immediately: If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, write() shall block the calling thread until the data can be accepted. If the O_NONBLOCK flag is set, write() shall not block the thread. If some data can be written without blocking the thread, write() shall write what it can and return the number of bytes written. Otherwise, it shall return -1 and set errno to [EAGAIN]. The net result is that write() of more than 1 byte on a socket, pipe or FIFO which is "ready" may block: write() (unlike read!) will attempt to write the entire buffer and only return a short write under exceptional circumstances. Indeed, this is the behaviour we see in Linux: https://github.com/rustyrussell/ccan/commit/897626152d12d7fd13a8feb36989eb5c8c1f3485 https://plus.google.com/103188246877163594460/posts/BkTGTMHDFgZ errno.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add errno(1) rtnetlink.3 Holger Hans Peter Freyther Fix parameters for the send() call in the example inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk IN_OPEN and IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE can also occur for directories Michael Kerrisk IN_CLOSE_WRITE occurs only for files (not monitored directory) Michael Kerrisk IN_MODIFY is generated for files only (not monitored directories) Michael Kerrisk IN_ACCESS occurs only for files inside directories IN_ACCESS does not occur for monitored directory. packet.7 Sorin Dumitru Fix include file It looks like most of the socket options from this man pages are not defined in . They are defined in so we should include that one. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.73 ==================== Released: 2014-09-21, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: David Prévot Eric W. Biederman J. Bruce Fields Justin Cormack Lorenzo Beretta Michael Kerrisk Rob Landley Serge E. Hallyn Serge Hallyn Vasily Kulikov Vincent Lefevre Vitaly Rybnikov Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] New page providing overview of Linux namespaces pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Vasily Kulikov, Rob Landley, Serge Hallyn] New page describing PID namespaces user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Andy Lutomirski, Serge Hallyn] New page describing user namespaces. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk] Document CLONE_NEWUSER for creating a new user namespace setns.2 Eric W. Biederman, Michael Kerrisk Document the PID, user, and mount namespace support Document CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUSER, and CLONE_NEWNS flags. unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Document CLONE_NEWPID Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Document CLONE_NEWUSER Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SIGHAND, and CLONE_VM Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Move some CLONE_NEWNET text to namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Move some CLONE_NEWUTS text 2 to namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Move some CLONE_NEWIPC text to namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Reword discussion of CLONE_NEWNS, removing text also in namespaces(7) Michael Kerrisk Standardize text on CLONE_NEW* flags and CAP_SYS_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk EINVAL if (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID) && (CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_PARENT) Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on the meaning of CLONE_SYSVSEM flock.2 Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields] Don't mention "classical BSD" in discussion of fcntl()/flock interaction The noninteraction of flock(2) and fcntl(2) locks does not seem to be classical BSD semantics (at least, checking the 4.4BSD sources suggest that the lock types do interact, although there have been other systems also where fcntl() and flock() locks do not interact). So, fix the text discussing "classical BSD" lock semantics. getunwind.2 Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov] Fix description of return value s/size of unwind table/size of the unwind data/ mount.2 Eric W. Biederman Clarify use of 'mountflags' and 'data' for MS_REMOUNT reboot.2 Michael Kerrisk [Justin Cormack, Eric W. Biederman] Document effect of reboot() inside PID namespaces semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to clone(2) for semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM and semadj lists seteuid.2 setgid.2 setresuid.2 setreuid.2 setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk EINVAL can occur if UID/GID is not valid in caller's user namespace setns.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Clarify capabilities required for reassociating with a mount namespace Michael Kerrisk Specify kernel version on each CLONE_NEW* flag And remove text on flags from VERSIONS. unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk Clarify semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM Michael Kerrisk CLONE_SYSVSEM does not require CAP_SYS_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk Note flags implied by CLONE_THREAD and CLONE_VM clock.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] The implementation uses clock_gettime() was to improve *accuracy* (The man page text mistakenly used the word "precision".) drand48.3 Michael Kerrisk [Lorenzo Beretta] Remove crufty text about SVID 3 marking drand48() obsolete See http://bugs.debian.org/758293 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Move /proc/[pid]/mounts text to namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Move /proc/[pid]/mountstats text to namespaces.7 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for a discussion of capabilities Michael Kerrisk Document CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID for user namespace mappings Michael Kerrisk setns() needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the *target* namespace Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 3.8, user namespaces no longer require CAP_SYS_ADMIN mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer to namespaces(7) for info on POSIX MQs and IPC namespaces svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer to namespaces(7) for info on System V IPC and IPC namespaces ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.74 ==================== Released: 2014-10-03, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Arto Bendiken Ben Hutchings Benjamin Herr C. Alex North-Keys Carlos O'Donell Cyril Hrubis Davidlohr Bueso Doug Ledford Elie De Brauwer Heinrich Schuchardt Jonny Grant Lanchon Manfred Spraul Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Shriramana Sharma Thomas Mack Wieland Hoffmann Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pldd.1 Michael Kerrisk New page for pldd(1) command added to glibc in version 2.15 cp1252.7 Marko Myllynen New page documenting CP 1252 CP 1252 is probably one of the most used Windows Code Pages so let's add a page for it alongside with the already provided CP 1251 page. Table generated from /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/CP1252. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_default Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_default Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [C. Alex North-Keys] Remove unneeded ".sh" extension in interpreter script example See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=84701 fanotify_init.2 Heinrich Schuchardt BUGS: O_CLOEXEC is ignored Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] The 'event_f_flags' failure to check invalid flags was fixed in 3.15 fanotify_mark.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that various bugs were fixed in Linux 3.16 getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Doug Ledford] Since Linux 3.5, the accounting formula for RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE has changed open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shriramana Sharma] Fix number and formula in description of EOVERFLOW error readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ben Hutchings] Fix description of readlinkat() with empty 'pathname' Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add realpath(3) sched_setattr.2 sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chrt(1) shmget.2 Manfred Spraul [Michael Kerrisk, Davidlohr Bueso] Update for increase of SHMALL and SHMMAX The default values of SHMALL and SHMMAX have been increased. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add 3 new system calls added in Linux 3.17 vmsplice.2 Cyril Hrubis vmsplice() does not fail when nr_segs==0 This nr_segs==0 case is no-op; the call succeeds and no EINVAL error is returned. dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) fseeko.3 Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Mack] _FILE_OFFSET_BITS must be defined before including any header file getgrent.3 Carlos O'Donell Add ENOENT and EAGAIN to error list mq_getattr.3 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program The example program can be used to discover the default 'mq_maxmsg' and 'mq_msgsize' values used to create a queue with a mq_open(3) call in which 'attr' is NULL. mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Two /proc files control the defaults for the attrp==NULL case Refer the reader to the discussion in mq_overview(7) for a discussion of these files, which exist since Linux 3.5. realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add realpath(1) proc.5 Elie De Brauwer Document /proc/buddyinfo This patch adds a short description about the contents of /proc/buddyinfo and how this file can be used to assist in checking for memory fragmentation issues. Michael Kerrisk Mention pmap(1) in discussion of /proc/PID/smaps armscii-8.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups ascii.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups This and [the related *.7] patches will provide unification of charset pages, minor cleanups, and some unifying cosmetic changes. References are adjusted so that all pages include a reference to charsets(7), which contains a description of these sets, stray comments are removed, some obsolete statements (like ISO 8859-1 being the de-facto ASCII replacement) are removed, and some minor reformatting to minimize diff's between the pages are done. The actual substance, the character tables, remain unchanged. This series changes the following pages (under man7): ascii, armscii, cp1251, koi8-r, koi8-u, and all of iso_8859-*. cp1251.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-10.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-11.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-13.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-14.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-15.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-16.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-1.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-2.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-3.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-4.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-5.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-6.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-7.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-8.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups iso_8859-9.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups koi8-r.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups - remove stray comments, streamline description (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed and up-to-date description) - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7 koi8-u.7 Marko Myllynen Charset pages unification, minor cleanups - remove stray comments, streamline description (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed and up-to-date description) - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7 mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Update queues_max details for Linux 3.14 And in general rework the text a little. Michael Kerrisk Update discussion of HARD_MSGMAX The limit has changed in 2.6.33 and then again in 3.5. Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken] Update details for 'queues_max' limit Things changed in Linux 3.5. See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1155695 Michael Kerrisk Update details on defaults and ceiling for 'msgsize_max' limit Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of HARD_MSGMAX Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso] Various fixes after review from Davidlohr Bueso sched.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add taskset(1) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pldd(1) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ld(1) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.75 ==================== Released: 2014-10-15, Düsseldorf Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Jonny Grant Michael Kerrisk Robert Schweikert Tetsuo Handa Walter Harms Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3 Robert Schweikert [Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting pthread_rwlockattr_[sg]etkind_np(3) Documents pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) and pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np(3). New and changed links --------------------- pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np.3 Robert Schweikert New link to pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Add free() call to example program readv.2 Michael Kerrisk The raw preadv() and pwritev() syscalls split 'offset' into 2 arguments signal.7 Michael Kerrisk pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_cond_wait() are restartable pthread_mutex_lock(, pthread_cond_wait(), and related APIs are automatically restarted if interrupted by a signal handler. unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, David Miller, Tetsuo Handa] Various additions and rewordings Notable changes: * Clarify some details for pathname sockets. * Add some advice on portably coding with pathname sockets. * Note the "buggy" behavior for pathname sockets when the supplied pathname is 108 bytes (after a report by Tetsuo Handa). ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.76 ==================== Released: 2014-12-31, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Jiang Andrea Balboni Andreas Schwab Bernhard Walle Carlos O'Donell David Wragg Florian Westphal Heinrich Schuchardt Huxiaoxiang Jan Chaloupka Jonathan Wakely Jonny Grant Josh Triplett Kamezawa Hiroyuki Laurent Georget Manuel López-Ibáñez Marko Myllynen Ma Shimiao Mel Gorman Michael Gehring Michael Haardt Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Rasmus Villemoes Richard Weinberger Rich Felker Scott Harvey Siddhesh Poyarekar Simon Newton Simon Paillard Sven Hoexter Tobias Werth Weijie Yang Will Newton Yuri Kozlov 刘湃 尹杰 Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- adjtimex.2 Laurent Georget Add fields in struct timex description This patch updates the man page with the new fields added in struct timex since last edition of the man page. Laurent Georget [Michael Kerrisk] Document ADJ_TAI Michael Kerrisk Improve description of ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT Michael Kerrisk Add brief documentation of ADJ_MICRO and ADJ_NANO Michael Kerrisk Reformat return value list And remove numeric values, since they're not needed Michael Kerrisk Other 'modes' bits are ignored on ADJ_OFFSET_* Other bits in 'modes' are ignored if modes contains ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT or ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ. Michael Kerrisk Add nanosecond details Fixes https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61171. Michael Kerrisk Document ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ Michael Kerrisk Reformat 'times' flags as list And remove numeric values, since they're not needed. Michael Kerrisk Note effect of ADJ_NANO for ADJ_SETOFFSET Michael Kerrisk Add comment noting that timex structure contains padding bytes Michael Kerrisk Add more details to description of 'tai' field Michael Kerrisk Note meaning of "PLL" abbreviation Michael Kerrisk Clarify which 'timex' field is used by each 'modes' bit Michael Kerrisk Document timex 'status' bits Michael Kerrisk Clarify treatment of other 'modes' bits for ADJ_OFFSET_* Michael Kerrisk Update RFC number: RFC 5905 obsoletes RFC 1305 Michael Kerrisk Briefly document ADJ_SETOFFSET Michael Kerrisk Note PPS (pulse per second) fields in timex structure sigreturn.2 Michael Kerrisk Add (a lot) more detail on the signal trampoline And rewrite much of the page. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- proc.5 Bernhard Walle Document /proc/thread-self /proc/thread-self has been introduced in Linux 3.17 with commit 0097875bd41528922fb3bb5f348c53f17e00e2fd. Sven Hoexter [Michael Kerrisk, Kamezawa Hiroyuki] Document "VmSwap" field of /proc/[pid]/status Florian Westphal Document /proc/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue Changes to individual pages --------------------------- localedef.1 Marko Myllynen Mention default path for compiled files clock_nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'clock_id' can also be a CPU clock ID epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Regular files and directories can't be monitored with epoll_ctl() ioctl.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Rename 'd' argument to 'fd' in text In most other manpages file descriptors are called 'fd'. This patches renames attribute 'd' to 'fd'. madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk VERSIONS: Support for madvise() is now configurable Support for this system call now depends on the CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option. open.2 Michael Kerrisk Enhance rationale discussion for openat() and friends posix_fadvise.2 Mel Gorman Document the behavior of partial page discard requests It is not obvious from the interface that "partial page discard" requests are ignored. It should be spelled out. Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang] ERRORS: Since 2.6.16, the kernel correctly deals with the ESPIPE case Michael Kerrisk Support for fadvise64() is now configurable Support for this system call now depends on the CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option. prctl.2 Andreas Schwab Correct description of null-termination in PR_GET_NAME and PR_SET_NAME The size of the process name has always been at most 16 byte _including_ the null terminator. This also means that the name returned by PR_GET_NAME is always null-terminated. Michael Kerrisk PR_SET_NAME silently truncates strings that exceed 16 bytes restart_syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk Add some text explaining why restart_syscall() exists sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Add paragraph on how to discover set of CPUs available on system Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) and lscpu(1) select.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2) semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Add note that interrupted semtimedop() returns 'timeout' unchanged Michael Kerrisk Remove information about semtimedop() EAGAIN that is repeated elsewhere Michael Kerrisk Add subsection head for semtimedop() setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite some pieces and add some details Among other changes, add an explanation of why setsid() can't be called from a process group leader sgetmask.2 Michael Kerrisk Since 3.16, support for these system calls is configurable Support for these calls is now dependent on the setting of the CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL option. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Document SA_RESTORER Michael Kerrisk Add some detail on the sa_restorer field Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) splice.2 Michael Kerrisk Reformat description of 'fd_in' and 'off_in' to improve readability syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add errno(3) syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add errno(3) Michael Kerrisk 3.19 adds execveat() Michael Kerrisk Add bpf(2) to list tee.2 Michael Kerrisk Add shell session demonstrating use of the example program tkill.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Remove bogus text saying tgid==-1 makes tgkill() equivalent to tkill() abort.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that SIGABRT is raised as though raise(3) is called Also note that abort() is POSIX.1-2008 compliant. cmsg.3 David Wragg Ensure buf is suitably aligned in sending example Inspection of the definition of CMSG_FIRSTHDR (both in glibc and the suggested definition in RFC3542) shows that it yields the msg_control field. So when sending, the pointer placed in msg_control should be suitably aligned as a struct cmsghdr. In the sending example, buf was declared as a bare char array, and so is not necessarily suitably aligned. The solution here involves placing buf inside a union, and is based on the sockets/scm_rights_send.c sample from The Linux Programming Interface "dist" source code collection. exp10.3 Michael Kerrisk Before glibc 2.19, exp() did not give ERANGE error on underflow http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787 ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk FTW_CHDIR has no effect on the 'fpath' argument passed to fn() getopt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Ensure that 'nsecs' is used ilogb.3 Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton] Since glibc 2.16, ilogb() does correctly diagnose domain errors memcmp.3 Michael Haardt Document return value for n==0 case Michael Haardt Warn against use of memcmp() for comparing security-critical data mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Document the O_CLOEXEC flag Michael Kerrisk Place 'flags' constants in alphabetical order pow.3 Manuel López-Ibáñez Add note on performance characteristics of pow() pthread_setschedparam.3 Simon Newton Fix logic error in example program The example program will crash if -A is used, since 'attr' is uninitialized. $ ./a.out -A *** Error in `./a.out': free(): invalid pointer: 0xb779c3c4 *** Aborted (core dumped) 刘湃 Small fixes to example program sigvec.3 Michael Kerrisk Starting with version 2.21, glibc no longer exports sigvec() sysconf.3 Josh Triplett Document _SC_NGROUPS_MAX Already documented in getgroups(2), but not in sysconf(3). termios.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tset(1) tgamma.3 Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.18, errno is correctly set to EDOM when (x == -infinity)) wordexp.3 Carlos O'Donell Make it clear that WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution The use of WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution. If the flag WRDE_NOCMD is set then no command substitution shall occur and the error WRDE_CMDSUB will be returned if such substitution is requested when processing the words. The manual page as-is makes it seem like the command substitution occurs, and an error is returned *after* the substitution. This patch clarifies that. locale.5 Marko Myllynen Describe the formats of values locale(5) describes what a locale should define but doesn't spell out how (in what format). The patch attempts to address this, it also has few trivial additional enhancements. * Reference to locale(7) for category descriptions. * Clarify first_workday in NOTES a bit. * Add upstream BZ reference for two missing LC_ADDRESS fields. Marko Myllynen Fix miscoded character resolv.conf.5 Jan Chaloupka Add missing no-tld-query option Based on commit [1], the no-tld-query option exists for resolv.conf configuration file. Description of this option is provided in [2]. This patch just copies this option into resolv.conf.5 man page. Plus changes 'a' member into 'an' before 'unqualified name as if it ...' on the third line of [2]. Based on [3], this option was added in glibc 2.14 as solving [4] bug. [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8 [2] http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/resolv.conf.5.html man page. [3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=NEWS;h=952f32af17e7fb49c4c1a305de673a13075bfaf5;hb=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8 [4] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12734 credentials.7 Josh Triplett Cross-reference getgroups(2) Since credentials.7 discusses supplementary GIDs, it should reference getgroups(2). fanotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Allow relative paths in example The current example code requires passing an absolute path to the mount to be watched. By passing AT_FDCWD to fanotify_mark it can use both absolute and relative paths. Heinrich Schuchardt fallocate(2) creates no events fallocate(2) should create FAN_MODIFY events but does not. Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] fanotify notifies only events generated on the same mount Unfortunately, fanotify does not inform listeners for all paths under which a touched filesystem object is visible, but only the listener using the same path as the process touching the filesystem object. Heinrich Schuchardt Update BUGS to note bugs still not fixed in 3.17 I bumped the Linux version number in the BUGS section to 3.17. inotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt fallocate(2) does not trigger inotify events Calling fallocate(2) does not result in inotify events. locale.7 Marko Myllynen Improve LOCPATH description LOCPATH is ignored by privileged programs. Add locale archive references. Add FILES section. man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget] Clarify that SEE ALSO entries may refer to pages from other projects signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention other "slow devices" Reads from eventfd(2), signalfd(2), timerfd(2), inotify(7), and fanotify(7) file descriptors are also slow operations that are restartable. Michael Kerrisk Fix SO_RECVTIMEO/ SO_SENDTIMEO confusion in text Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 3.8, reads on inotify(7) file descriptors are restartable Michael Kerrisk inotify(7) reads no longer show the odd EINTR error after SIGCONT Since kernel 3.7, reads from inotify(7) file descriptors no longer show the (Linux oddity) behavior of failing with EINTR when the process resumes after a stop signal + SIGCONT. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Scott Harvey] Fix buglet in code snippet in BUGS section ld.so.8 Carlos O'Donell Add --inhibit-cache option The dynamic loader has 6 options, only 5 are documented. This patch documents the sixth option i.e. `--inhibit-cache`. Jonathan Wakely [Siddhesh Poyarekar] Correct documentation of $ORIGIN As noted by Siddhesh: The ld.so man page says: $ORIGIN (or equivalently ${ORIGIN}) This expands to the directory containing the application executable. Thus, an application located in somedir/app could be compiled with This is incorrect since it expands to the directory containing the DSO and not the application executable. This seems like deliberate behaviour in dl-object.c, so it needs to be fixed in the man page. See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26280738/what-is-the-equivalent-of-loader-path-for-rpath-specification-on-linux/26281226#26281226 ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.77 ==================== Released: 2015-01-10, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro Motoki Alexandre Bique Andre Majorel Andy Lutomirski Daniel Borkmann Dave Hansen Elie De Brauwer Heinrich Schuchardt Ignat Loskutov Jeff Epler Jérôme Pouiller Kees Cook Laurent Georget Masanari Iida Michael Haardt Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Richard Cochran Stephan Mueller Troy Davis Vince Weaver Will Drewry Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- seccomp.2 Kees Cook, Michael Kerrisk, Will Drewry [Andy Lutomirski] New page documenting seccomp(2) Combines documentation from prctl, in-kernel seccomp_filter.txt and dropper.c, along with details specific to the new system call. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- netlink.7 Stephan Mueller [Michael Kerrisk] Add NETLINK_CRYPTO Changes to individual pages --------------------------- adjtimex.2 Laurent Georget [Richard Cochran, Jeff Epler] Clarify the 'ppm scaling' used in struct timex This patch makes explicit and clarifies the unit used for the fields "freq", "ppsfreq" and "stabil" in struct timex. Michael Kerrisk [Masanari Iida] Note that TIME_ERROR is the modern synonym for TIME_BAD perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Clarify the PERF_FLAG_FD_* flags This change clarifies the behavior of the PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT and PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP flags to perf_event_open(), and removes the related FIXME comments. While writing tests to validate the behavior of these flags I discovered that PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT has been broken since the 2.6.35 kernel release. prctl.2 Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] Add description of Intel MPX calls The 3.19 kernel will have support for Intel MPX, including a pair of new prctl() calls (PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT and PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT) for enabling and disabling the kernel's management of the "bounds tables". Add a descriptions of the interface. Michael Kerrisk Add mention of seccomp(2) under PR_SET_SECCOMP Michael Kerrisk Suggest /proc/PID/status "Seccomp" as alternative to PR_GET_SECCOMP Michael Kerrisk SIGKILL can also occur PR_GET_SECCOMP in SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER mode Kees Cook [Andy Lutomirski] Document SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER vs EFAULT This notes the distinction made between EINVAL and EFAULT when attempting to use SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER with PR_SET_SECCOMP. setns.2 pid_namespaces.7 Mike Frysinger Elaborate discussion of the PID namespace descendant limitation The setns(2) man page already mentions that CLONE_NEWPID may only be used with descendant namespaces, but this nuance could be listed in a few more places so it is not missed. shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Motoki] Make wording of SHMALL description a little clearer sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Add siginfo_t fields for SECCOMP_RET_TRAP memchr.3 strstr.3 Alexandre Bique Reference memmem(3) in SEE ALSO section memcmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Michael Haardt] NOTES: add some detail on avoiding memcmp() of cryptographic data Wording largely based on comments from Michael Haardt. pthread_tryjoin_np.3 Jérôme Pouiller [Michael Kerrisk] Document EINVAL error for pthread_timedjoin_np() mem.4 Elie De Brauwer /dev/kmem depends on CONFIG_DEVKMEM Elie De Brauwer Correct /dev/port group in example mem.4 mentions that group for /dev/port should be set to 'mem' However, all other files (/dev/mem and /dev/kmem) use the kmem group in their examples and on my system /dev/port belongs to kmem. Hence the 'mem' group was probably a typo: Elie De Brauwer Add CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM Since 2.6.26 the CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM options limits the physical addresses which can be accessed through /dev/mem. random.4 Heinrich Schuchardt Describe handling of O_NONBLOCK /dev/random and /dev/urandom treat O_NONBLOCK differently. This should be described in the manpage. Heinrich Schuchardt Mention PRNG used by urandom /dev/urandom uses a pseudo-random number generator to replace missing entropy. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document "Seccomp" field of /proc/PID/status epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk [Ignat Loskutov] Use epoll_create1() rather than epoll_create() in the code example epoll_create1() is more or less the preferred API for new applications, since it allows for some flags and avoids the misdesigned epoll_create() argument, and so it seems sensible to use that in the example, rather than epoll_create(). tcp.7 Troy Davis Clarify tcp_tw_recycle on Internet-facing hosts Clarify that tcp_tw_recycle will break communication with many general-purpose remote Internet hosts (namely, remote NAT devices) even when the Linux device itself is not behind NAT. ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.78 ==================== Released: 2015-01-22, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro Motoki Alexey Ishchuk Carlos O'Donell Christian Seiler Daniel J Blueman David Drysdale David Herrmann Elie De Brauwer Elliot Hughes Jessica McKellar Kees Cook Michael Hayes Michael Kerrisk Rich Felker Vince Weaver Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- execveat.2 David Drysdale, Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] New page for execveat(2) memfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk, David Herrmann New page for memfd_create() system call Including notes about file sealing s390_pci_mmio_write.2 Alexey Ishchuk New page for s390 s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read() New manual page for the new PCI MMIO memory access system calls, s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read(), added for the s390 platform. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fcntl.2 David Herrmann [Michael Kerrisk] Document F_ADD_SEALS and F_GET_SEALS commands proc.5 Elie De Brauwer Document /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/fs/nr_open New and changed links --------------------- s390_pci_mmio_read.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new s390_pci_mmio_write(2) page Changes to individual pages --------------------------- dup.2 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EMFILE error Michael Kerrisk Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EBADF error on 'newfd'. execve.2 fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add execveat(2) fallocate.2 mmap.2 open.2 truncate.2 write.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM for operation denied by file seal fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EBUSY case for F_SETPIPE_SZ Michael Kerrisk Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for F_DUPFD EINVAL error on 'arg'. Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add open file description lock error cases getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Update text on RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling to refer to /proc/sys/fs/file-max mbind.2 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman] Clarify EFAULT text mmap.2 shmget.2 shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2) open.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to RLIMIT_NOFILE for explanation of EMFILE error Michael Kerrisk Add execveat(2) in system call list under "Rationale for openat()" perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Clarify description of overflow events Update the perf_event_open manpage to be more consistent when discussing overflow events. It merges the discussion of poll-type notifications with those generated by SIGIO signal handlers. This addresses the remaining FIXMEs is the document. Vince Weaver Remove inaccurate paragraph describing attr.config Remove an inaccurate paragraph about values in the attr.config field. This information was never true in any released kernel; it somehow snuck into the manpage because it is still described this way in tools/perf/design.txt in the kernel source tree. Michael Kerrisk Correct the kernel version number for PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE Michael Kerrisk Add some kernel version numbers to various fields and constants ptrace.2 sigaction.2 seccomp.2 Kees Cook Ptrace and siginfo details While writing some additional seccomp tests, I realized PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP wasn't documented yet. Fixed this, and added additional notes related to ptrace events SIGTRAP details. readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Update details on glibc readv()/writev() wrapper behavior And add a historical detail about Linux 2.0. select.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention RLIMIT_NOFILE as a possible cause of EINVAL error syscall.2 Kees Cook Add arm64 and mips Add mips and arm64 to tables, along with some further details on these architectures, syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add s390_pci_mmio_read(2) and s390_pci_mmio_write(2) Michael Kerrisk Note kernel() version that introduced get_kernel_syms() Note kernel version that introduced ppc_rtas() Note kernel version that introduced create_module() Note kernel version that added setup() Michael Kerrisk Remove some details for sync_file_range2() Make the table a bit simpler. The details can anyway be found in the system call man page. utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Elliot Hughes] If both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, the file need not exist As noted by Elliot, if both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, utimensat() will return success even if the file does not exist. errno.3 Michael Kerrisk The RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit is a common cause of EMFILE exec.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add execveat(2) fclose.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE* instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly and understand what they are looking at. fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite the script+close-on-exec problem as a BUG Also, add one or two details about this scenario. Michael Kerrisk The natural idiom when using fexecve() is to use the close-on-exec flag fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument fopencookie.3 Michael Kerrisk Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument getgrent_r.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument getline.3 Michael Kerrisk Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument getmntent.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument getpw.3 Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] Describe return value when 'uid' is not found getpwent_r.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument getspnam.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument malloc_info.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument posix_fallocate.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that posix_fallocate() is implemented using fallocate(2) putgrent.3 Carlos O'Donell Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE* instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly and understand what they are looking at. locale.5 Akihiro Motoki Correct variable name proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Remove bogus statement about NR_OPEN being a ceiling for file-max ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.79 ==================== Released: 2015-02-01, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro Motoki Heinrich Schuchardt J William Piggott Masanari Iida Michael Kerrisk Scot Doyle Sergey V. Zubkov Stephan Mueller Vince Weaver Vivek Goyal Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- getrandom.2 Heinrich Schuchardt, Theodore T'so, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting getrandom(2) Kernel 3.17 introduces a new system call getrandom(2). kexec_load.2 Vivek Goyal, Michael Kerrisk Add documentation of kexec_file_load(2) Michael Kerrisk, Vivek Goyal Rewrite and extend documentation of kexec_load(). New and changed links --------------------- kexec_file_load.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to kexec_load.2 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- personality.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add setarch(8) prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Unused arguments of PR_MPX_(EN,DIS}ABLE_MANAGEMENT must be zero reboot.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add kexec_load(2) socket.2 Stephan Mueller document AF_ALG Add a reference to the AF_ALG protocol accessible via socket(2). fflush.3 Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov] Clarify that flushing of input streams occurs only for seekable files See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91931 Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov] POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior when flushing input streams POSIX.1-2001 did not have a specification for input streams, but POSIX.1-2008 added one. getopt.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getopt(1) random.3 Heinrich Schuchardt SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2) termios.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), tput(1) tzset.3 J William Piggott Document behavior when TZ filespec omits the colon If the TZ filespec omits the leading colon, glibc will parse it for any valid format, i.e., it will still work. J William Piggott Add description for posixrules file J William Piggott Correct system timezone file path J William Piggott There are only two TZ formats tzset(3) currently states that there are three TZ formats. The first two it lists are actually variations of the POSIX-style TZ format, of which there are at least five variations. This patch corrects this to match the POSIX specification of TZ having only two formats. J William Piggott Filespec omitted incorrect Paragraph three of the DESCRIPTION section says that when TZ is set, but empty, then UTC is used. Later it says if the TZ filespec is omitted then the file /usr/share/zoneinfo/localtime is used. This is incorrect, it will use UTC in that case as well. J William Piggott Fix incorrect TZ string representation The TZ string representation indicates that the start/end rules are required; this is incorrect. J William Piggott Add ENVIRONMENT section + other rearrangements FILES section was overly verbose and included environment variables. Added ENVIRONMENT section, removing ENV VARS from the FILES section. random.4 Heinrich Schuchardt SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2) passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chfn(1), chsh(1) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1) signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Add getrandom(2) to list of restartable system calls Michael Kerrisk Add F_OFD_SETLKW to list of restartable operations ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.80 ==================== Released: 2015-02-21, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Akihiro Motoki Andy Lutomirski Bill McConnaughey Chris Mayo Christophe Blaess David Wilson Denys Vlasenko Doug Goldstein Eric Wong Heinrich Schuchardt J William Piggott James Hunt Jan Chaloupka Jan Stancek Jeff Layton Jens Thoms Toerring Kevin Easton Luke Faraone Mark Seaborn Mathieu Malaterre Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Minchan Kim Patrick Horgan Peng Haitao Ralf Baechle Rob Somers Simon Paillard Stephen Smalley Tao Ma Tobias Herzke Vince Weaver Vlastimil Babka Zbigniew Brzeziński Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- ioctl_fat.2 Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] New man page for the ioctl(2) FAT API The ioctl(2) system call may be used to retrieve information about the FAT file system and to set file attributes. madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Summary: this page has been significantly reorganised and rewritten Michael Kerrisk Recast discussion of 'advice' into two groups of values madvise() is one of those system calls that has congealed over time, as has the man page. It's helpful to split the discussion of 'advice' into those flags into two groups: * Those flags that are (1) widespread across implementations; (2) have counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were present in the initial Linux madvise implementation. * The rest, which are values that (1) may not have counterparts in other implementations; (2) have no counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were added to Linux in more recent times. Michael Kerrisk Explicitly list the five flags provided by posix_fadvise() Over time, bit rot has afflicted this page. Since the original text was written many new Linux-specific flags have been added. So, now it's better to explicitly list the flags that correspond to the POSIX analog of madvise(). Jan Chaloupka [Hugh Dickins, Michael Kerrisk] Starting with Linux 3.5, more file systems support MADV_REMOVE Michael Kerrisk Split EINVAL error into separate cases Michael Kerrisk Explain MADV_REMOVE in terms of file hole punching Michael Kerrisk MADV_REMOVE can be applied only to shared writable mappings Michael Kerrisk MADV_REMOVE cannot be applied to locked or Huge TLB pages Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] Clarify that MADV_DONTNEED has effect on pages only if it succeeds Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] Clarifications for MADV_DONTNEED Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko] Improve MADV_DONTNEED description Michael Kerrisk MADV_DONTNEED cannot be applied to Huge TLB or locked pages Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] Remove mention of "shared pages" as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] Note Huge TLB as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED Michael Kerrisk [Minchan Kim] Add mention of VM_PFNMAP in discussion of MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE Michael Kerrisk Drop sentence saying that kernel may ignore 'advice' The sentence creates misunderstandings, and does not really add information. Michael Kerrisk Note that some Linux-specific 'advice' change memory-access semantics Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Remove crufty text about "command" versus "advice" The point made in this fairly ancient text is more or less evident from the DESCRIPTION, and it's not clear what "standard" is being referred to. Michael Kerrisk Mention POSIX.1-2008 addition of POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE Michael Kerrisk Remove "POSIX.1b" from CONFORMING TO Michael Kerrisk Move mention of posix_fadvise() from CONFORMING TO to SEE ALSO Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM error case for MADV_HWPOISON Michael Kerrisk Note that madvise() is nonstandard, but widespread Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- proc.5 Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/socketcreate Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/keycreate Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Smalley] Document /proc/PID/attr/{current,exec,fscreate,prev} Heavily based on Stephen Smalley's text in https://lwn.net/Articles/28222/ From: Stephen Smalley To: LKML and others Subject: [RFC][PATCH] Process Attribute API for Security Modules Date: 08 Apr 2003 16:17:52 -0400 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/auto_msgmni socket.7 David Wilson [Michael Kerrisk] Document SO_REUSEPORT socket option New and changed links --------------------- get_thread_area.2 Andy Lutomirski Make get_thread_area.2 a link to rewritten set_thread_area.2 page Changes to individual pages --------------------------- time.1 Michael Kerrisk Make option argument formatting consistent with other pages access.2 Denys Vlasenko Explain how access() check treats capabilities We have users who are terribly confused why their binaries with CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability see EACCESS from access() calls, but are able to read the file. The reason is access() isn't the "can I read/write/execute this file?" question, it is the "(assuming that I'm a setuid binary,) can *the user who invoked me* read/write/execute this file?" question. That's why it uses real UIDs as documented, and why it ignores capabilities when capability-endorsed binaries are run by non-root (this patch adds this information). To make users more likely to notice this less-known detail, the patch expands the explanation with rationale for this logic into a separate paragraph. arch_prctl.2 set_thread_area.2 get_thread_area.2 Andy Lutomirski Improve TLS documentation The documentation for set_thread_area was very vague. This improves it, accounts for recent kernel changes, and merges it with get_thread_area.2. get_thread_area.2 now becomes a link. While I'm at it, clarify the related arch_prctl.2 man page. cacheflush.2 Ralf Baechle Update some portability details and bugs Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to BUGS in discussion of EINVAL error capget.2 Michael Kerrisk Document V3 capabilities constants Michael Kerrisk Rewrite discussion of kernel versions that support file capabilities File capabilities ceased to be optional in Linux 2.6.33. clone.2 Peng Haitao Fix description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID CLONE_PARENT_SETTID only stores child thread ID in parent memory. clone.2 execve.2 Kevin Easton Document interaction of execve(2) with CLONE_FILES This patch the fact that a successful execve(2) in a process that is sharing a file descriptor table results in unsharing the table. I discovered this through testing and verified it by source inspection - there is a call to unshare_files() early in do_execve_common(). fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton] Clarify cases of conflict between traditional record and OFD locks Verified by experiment on Linux 3.15 and 3.19rc4. fork.2 Michal Hocko EAGAIN is not reported when task allocation fails I am not sure why we have: "EAGAIN fork() cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy the parent's page tables and allocate a task structure or the child." The text seems to be there from the time when man-pages were moved to git so there is no history for it. And it doesn't reflect reality: the kernel reports both dup_task_struct and dup_mm failures as ENOMEM to the userspace. This seems to be the case from early 2.x times so let's simply remove this part. Heinrich Schuchardt Child and parent run in separate memory spaces fork.2 should clearly point out that child and parent process run in separate memory spaces. Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading getpid.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading getxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Various rewordings plus one or two details clarified Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to example in listxattr(2) killpg.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading listxattr.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Provide example program Michael Kerrisk Reword discussion of size==0 case Michael Kerrisk Add note on handling increases in sizes of keys or values Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of which filesystems implement ACLs Such a list will only become outdated (as it already was). migrate_pages.2 Jan Stancek Document EFAULT and EINVAL errors I encountered these errors while writing testcase for migrate_pages syscall for LTP (Linux test project). I checked stable kernel tree 3.5 to see which paths return these. Both can be returned from get_nodes(), which is called from: SYSCALL_DEFINE4(migrate_pages, pid_t, pid, unsigned long, maxnode, const unsigned long __user *, old_nodes, const unsigned long __user *, new_nodes) The testcase does following: EFAULT a) old_nodes/new_nodes is area mmaped with PROT_NONE b) old_nodes/new_nodes is area not mmapped in process address space, -1 or area that has been just munmmaped EINVAL a) maxnodes overflows kernel limit b) new_nodes contain node, which has no memory or does not exist or is not returned for get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED). modify_ldt.2 Andy Lutomirski Overhaul the documentation This clarifies the behavior and documents all four functions. Andy Lutomirski Clarify the lm bit's behavior The lm bit should never have existed in the first place. Sigh. mprotect.2 Mark Seaborn Mention effect of READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag I puzzled over mprotect()'s effect on /proc/*/maps for a while yesterday -- it was setting "x" without PROT_EXEC being specified. Here is a patch to add some explanation. msgget.2 Michael Kerrisk Add details of MSGMNI default value msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify wording of MSGMAX and MSGMNB limits perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Clarify PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH behavior Currently the PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH ioctl, when applied to a group leader, will refresh all children. Also if a refresh value of 0 is chosen then the refresh becomes infinite (never runs out). Back in 2011 PAPI was relying on these behaviors but I was told that both were unsupported and subject to being removed at any time. (See https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/24/337 ) However the behavior has not been changed. This patch updates the manpage to still list the behavior as unsupported, but removes the inaccurate description of it only being a problem with 2.6 kernels. prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey] Mention file capabilities in discussion of PR_SET_DUMPABLE Michael Kerrisk Greatly expand discussion of "dumpable" flag In particular, detail the interactions with /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable. Michael Kerrisk Reorder paragraphs describing PR_SET_DUMPABLE Michael Kerrisk Mention SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and SUID_DUMP_USER under PR_SET_DUMPABLE Michael Kerrisk Executing a file with capabilities also resets the parent death signal ptrace.2 James Hunt Explain behaviour should ptrace tracer call execve(2) This behaviour was verified by reading the kernel source and confirming the behaviour using a test program. Denys Vlasenko Add information on PTRACE_SEIZE versus PTRACE_ATTACH differences Extend description of PTRACE_SEIZE with the short summary of its differences from PTRACE_ATTACH. The following paragraph: PTRACE_EVENT_STOP Stop induced by PTRACE_INTERRUPT command, or group-stop, or ini- tial ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached using PTRACE_SEIZE), or PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE was used. has an editing error (the part after last comma makes no sense). Removing it. Mention that legacy post-execve SIGTRAP is disabled by PTRACE_SEIZE. sched_setattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Blaess] SYNOPSIS: remove 'const' from 'attr' sched_getattr() argument semget.2 Michael Kerrisk Note default value for SEMMNI and SEMMSL semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Note defaults for SEMOPM and warn against increasing > 1000 sendfile.2 Eric Wong Caution against modifying sent pages setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add ENOTSUP for invalid namespace prefix Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant text under ENOTSUP error Michael Kerrisk Note that zero-length attribute values are permitted Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing 'flags' argument stat.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading statfs.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure less explicitly. Tao Ma Add OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC Michael Kerrisk Use __fsword_t in statfs structure definition This more closely matches modern glibc reality. Michael Kerrisk Add a note on the __fsword_t type Michael Kerrisk Document 'f_spare' more vaguely wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that waitpid() is a wrapper for wait4() Michael Kerrisk Note that wait() is a library function implemented via wait4() wait4.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading encrypt.3 Rob Somers Improve code example I (and some others) found that the original example code did not seem to work as advertised. The new code (used by permission of the original author, Jens Thoms Toerring) was found on comp.os.linux.development. mktemp.3 Luke Faraone DESCRIPTION reference to BUGS corrected mktemp(3)'s DESCRIPTION referenced NOTES, but no such section exists. Corrected to refer to BUGS. pthread_attr_setschedparam.3 Tobias Herzke Describe EINVAL in ERRORS resolver.3 host.conf.5 Simon Paillard host.conf 'order' option deprecated, replaced by nsswitch.conf(5) http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2389 http://repo.or.cz/w/glibc.git/commit/b9c65d0902e5890c4f025b574725154032f8120a Reported at http://bugs.debian.org/270368, http://bugs.debian.org/396633, and http://bugs.debian.org/344233. statvfs.3 Michael Kerrisk Document missing 'f_flag' bit values And reorganize information relating to which flags are in POSIX.1. Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka] statvfs() now populates 'f_flag' from statfs()'s f_flag field These changes came with glibc 2.13, and the kernel's addition of a 'f_flags' field in Linux 2.6.36. syslog.3 Michael Kerrisk [Doug Goldstein] Remove unneeded vsyslog() does not need this. tzset.3 J William Piggott Add offset format tzset.3 does not illustrate the POSIX offset format. Specifically, there is no indication in the manual what the optional components of it are. random.4 Michael Kerrisk Note maximum number of bytes returned by read(2) on /dev/random Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre] Since Linux 3.16, reads from /dev/urandom return at most 32 MB See https://bugs.debian.org/775328 and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80981#c9 core.5 Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey] Executing a file that has capabilities also prevents core dumps Michael Kerrisk Document "%i" and "%I" core_pattern specifiers intro.5 Michael Kerrisk Remove words "and protocols" There are no protocol descriptions in Section 5. Protocols are in Section 7. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to prctl(2) in discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable And note that /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable defines the value assigned to the process "dumpable" flag in certain circumstances. Michael Kerrisk Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required to list /proc/PID/map_files This might however change in the future; see the Jan 2015 LKML thread: Re: [RFC][PATCH v2] procfs: Always expose /proc//map_files/ and make it readable resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nsswitch.conf(5) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS as an alternative to prctl() PR_SET_KEEPCAPS Chris Mayo NOTES: add last kernel versions for obsolete options The CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES option was removed by commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27 The CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES option removed in Linux 2.6.33 as already mentioned in DESCRIPTION. pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fork(2) unix.7 Jan Chaloupka Mention SOCK_STREAM socket for ioctl_type of ioctl() from https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1110401. unix.7 is not clear about socket type of ioctl_type argument of ioctl() function. The description of SIOCINQ is applicable only for SOCK_STREAM socket. For SOCK_DGRAM, udp(7) man page gives correct description of SIOCINQ ldconfig.8 Michael Kerrisk Place options in alphabetical order Michael Kerrisk Note glibc version number for '-l' option Michael Kerrisk Document -c/--format option Michael Kerrisk Add long form of some options Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Horgan] ld.so.conf uses only newlines as delimiters mtk: confirmed by reading source of parse_conf() in elf/ldconfig.c. Michael Kerrisk Document -V/--version option Michael Kerrisk Document -i/--ignore-aux-cache option ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Relocate "Hardware capabilities" to be a subsection under notes This is more consistent with standard man-pages headings and layout. Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING Michael Kerrisk Remove duplicate description of LD_BIND_NOT ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.81 ==================== Released: 2015-03-02, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexandre Oliva Carlos O'Donell Ma Shimiao Michael Kerrisk Peng Haitao Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- attributes.7 Alexandre Oliva, Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] New page describing POSIX safety concepts Global changes -------------- Many pages Peng Haitao, Michael Kerrisk Reformat existing thread-safety information to use a tabular format, rather than plain text. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mmap.2 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function mmap() and munmap() are thread safe. a64l.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. acos.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function acos(), acosf() and acosl() are thread safe. acosh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function acosh(), acoshf() and acoshl() are thread safe. addseverity.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function is thread-safe The function addseverity() is thread safe. aio_cancel.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_cancel() is thread safe. aio_fsync.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_fsync() is thread safe. aio_read.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_read() is thread safe. aio_suspend.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_suspend() is thread safe. aio_write.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function aio_write() is thread safe. argz_add.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe asin.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function asin(), asinf() and asinl() are thread safe. assert.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. assert_perror.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. atan2.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function atan2(), atan2f() and atan2l() are thread safe. atanh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function atanh(), atanhf() and atanhl() are thread safe. backtrace.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. btowc.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function btowc() in glibc is thread safe. Its marking matches glibc marking. cabs.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function cabs(), cabsf() and cabsl() are thread safe. cacos.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function cacos(), cacosf() and cacosl() are thread safe. cacosh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cacosh(), cacoshf() and cacoshl() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. canonicalize_file_name.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The functions canonicalize_file_name() in glibc is thread safe. Its marking matches glibc marking. carg.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function carg(), cargf() and cargl() are thread safe. casin.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions casin(), casinf() and casinl() are thread safe. Their markings match glibc markings. casinh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions casinh(), casinhf() and casinhl() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. catan.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions catan(), catanf() and catanl() are thread safe. Their markings match glibc markings. catanh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions catanh(), catanhf() and catanhl() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. catopen.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions catopen() and catclose() are thread safe. cfree.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function cfree() in glibc is thread safe. Its marking matches glibc marking. clog10.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions clog10(), clog10f() and clog10l() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. clog.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function clog(), clogf() and clogl() are thread safe. closedir.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function closedir() in glibc is thread safe. Its marking matches glibc marking. confstr.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function confstr() is thread safe. cosh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cosh(), coshf() and coshl() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. cpow.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions cpow(), cpowf() and cpowl() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. crypt.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. ctermid.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information According to the change of source code, ctermid's level has been changed from MT-Unsafe to MT-Safe. After modifying, the marking matches the glibc marking. drand48.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. drand48_r.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. ecvt.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. ecvt_r.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. encrypt.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. envz_add.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. exec.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions execl(), execlp(), execle(), execv(), execvp() and execvpe() are thread safe. exit.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. exp10.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe exp2.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function exp2(), exp2f() and exp2l() are thread safe. exp.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function exp(), expf() and expl() are thread safe. fclose.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function fclose() is thread safe. Its marking matches glibc marking. fcloseall.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. fgetc.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. fgetwc.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. fgetws.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. fmod.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function fmod(), fmodf() and fmodl() are thread safe. fnmatch.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function fnmatch() is thread safe with exceptions. fopen.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. fopencookie.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. fread.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fread() and fwrite() are thread safe. gamma.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions gamma(), gammaf() and gammal() are not thread safe. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getcontext.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getcwd.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions getcwd(), getwd() and get_current_dir_name() are thread safe. getdate.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getenv.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions getenv() and secure_getenv() are thread safe. getfsent.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions setfsent(), getfsent(), endfsent(), getfsspec() and getfsfile() are not thread safe. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getgrent.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getgrnam.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getgrouplist.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function getgrouplist() is thread safe with exceptions. getlogin.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getopt.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions getopt(), getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() are not thread safe. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getpass.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getpwent.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. getpwnam.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. gets.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. getw.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions getw() and putw() are thread safe. gnu_get_libc_version.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions gnu_get_libc_version() and gnu_get_libc_release() are thread safe. hsearch.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. iconv.3 Peng Haitao Modify thread-safety information inet.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions inet_aton() and inet_addr() are thread safe with exceptions. The functions inet_network(), inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(), inet_lnaof() and inet_netof() are thread safe. Modify thread-safety information After researching and talking, we think inet_network() and inet_ntoa() should be marked with locale. After changing, the markings match glbc markings. inet_pton.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function inet_pton() is thread safe with exceptions. iswdigit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswdigit() is thread safe with exceptions. iswgraph.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswgraph() is thread safe with exceptions. iswlower.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswlower() is thread safe with exceptions. iswprint.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswprint() is thread safe with exceptions. iswpunct.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswpunct() is thread safe with exceptions. iswspace.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswspace() is thread safe with exceptions. iswupper.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswupper() is thread safe with exceptions. iswxdigit.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function iswxdigit() is thread safe with exceptions. j0.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function j0(), j1f() jnl() and so on are thread safe. lio_listio.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. log10.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function log10(), log10f() and log10l() are thread safe. log2.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function log2(), log2f() and log2l() are thread safe. log.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function log(), logf() and logl() are thread safe. makecontext.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. makedev.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe The macros makedev(), major() and minor() are thread safe. malloc.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function malloc(), free(), calloc() and realloc() are thread safe. mblen.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. mbstowcs.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. mbtowc.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe The function mbtowc() is not thread safe. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. mktemp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function mktemp() is thread safe. mtrace.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe The functions mtrace() and muntrace() are not thread safe. nan.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. nl_langinfo.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function nl_langinfo() is thread safe with exceptions. opendir.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. pow10.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function pow10(), pow10f() and pow10l() are thread safe. pow.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function pow(), powf() and powl() are thread safe. pthread_setcancelstate.3 Michael Kerrisk Add async-signal-safety information ptsname.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. putenv.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-unsafe The function putenv() is thread unsafe. puts.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions fputc(), fputs(), putc(), putchar() and puts() are thread safe. putwchar.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. qecvt.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. rand.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe The functions rand(), rand_r() and srand() are thread safe. random_r.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. readdir.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. realpath.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. regex.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions regcomp() and regexec() are thread safe with exceptions. The functions regerror() and regfree() are thread safe. remainder.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. scalb.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function scalb(), scalbf() and scalbl() are thread safe. setenv.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-unsafe The function setenv() and unsetenv() are thread unsafe. siginterrupt.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. sigset.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe The functions sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse() and sigignore() are thread safe. sinh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function sinh(), sinhf() and sinhl() are thread safe. sqrt.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function sqrt(), sqrtf() and sqrtl() are thread safe. stdarg.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. stdio_ext.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information Change the thread safety information to be the same as glibc. strcasecmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are thread safe with exceptions. strerror.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. strfmon.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. strfry.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strfry() is thread safe. strftime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function strftime() is thread safe with exceptions. strptime.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function strptime() is thread safe with exceptions. strtok.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. strverscmp.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function strverscmp() is thread safe. strxfrm.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. syslog.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions openlog() and closelog() are thread safe. The functions syslog() and vsyslog() are thread safe with exceptions. tempnam.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The function tempnam() is thread safe. termios.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As this is man page for Linux, we don't need thread safety information for bsd tgamma.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions tgamma(), tgammaf() and tgammal() in glibc are thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings. timegm.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions The functions timelocal() and timegm() are thread safe with exceptions. tmpfile.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its markings match glibc markings. tmpnam.3 Peng Haitao Modify thread-safety information When the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() should be MT-Unsafe. toupper.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information After researching and talking, we think toupper() and tolower() should not be marked with locale. After changing, the markings match glbc markings. tsearch.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The functions' markings match glibc markings. ttyname.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual. tzset.3 Peng Haitao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions The function tzset() is thread safe with exceptions. wcsdup.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe Its marking matches glibc marking. wctomb.3 Ma Shimiao Modify thread-safety information As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual. y0.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The function y0(), y1f() ynl() and so on are thread safe. man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to attributes(7) for details of ATTRIBUTES section Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) standards.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add attributes(7) ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.82 ==================== Released: 2015-03-29, Paris Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alban Crequy Andy Lutomirski Bert Wesarg Bill Pemberton Chris Delozier David Madore Dmitry Deshevoy Eric W. Biederman Heinrich Schuchardt Jakub Wilk Jann Horn Jason Vas Dias Josh Triplett J William Piggott Kees Cook Konstantin Shemyak Ma Shimiao Matt Turner Michael Kerrisk Michael Witten Mikael Pettersson Namhyung Kim Nicolas FRANCOIS Paul E Condon Peter Adkins Scot Doyle Shawn Landden Stéphane Aulery Stephen Smalley Taisuke Yamada Torvald Riegel Vincent Lefevre Yuri Kozlov Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- nptl.7 Michael Kerrisk New page with details of the NPTL POSIX threads implementation Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- user_namespaces.7 Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk] Document /proc/[pid]/setgroups Changes to individual pages --------------------------- intro.1 Stéphane Aulery Prompt is not % but $ Stéphane Aulery Various improvements - Add reference to other common shells dash(1), ksh(1) - Add a reference to stdout(3) - Separate cp and mv descriptions - Add examples of special cases of cd - Add su(1) and shutdown(8) references for section Logout and poweroff - Move Control-D to section Logout and poweroff - Fix some little formatting errors Stéphane Aulery Add cross references cited Stéphane Aulery Order SEE ALSO section clone.2 Josh Triplett Document that clone() silently ignores CLONE_PID and CLONE_STOPPED Normally, system calls return EINVAL for flags they don't support. Explicitly document that clone does *not* produce an error for these two obsolete flags. Michael Kerrisk Small rewording of explanation of clone() wrt threads Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact, the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().) getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads in a process share credentials. Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM for the case where /proc/PID/setgroups is "deny" Michael Kerrisk Note capability associated with EPERM error for setgroups(2) Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups The discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups has moved from proc(5) to user_namespaces(7). getpid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that getppid() returns 0 if parent is in different PID namespace getsockopt.2 Konstantin Shemyak Note RETURN VALUE details when netfilter is involved ioctl_list.2 Heinrich Schuchardt SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2 Add FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2 Heinrich Schuchardt include/linux/ext2_fs.h Include linux/ext2_fs.h does not contain any ioctl definitions anymore. Request codes EXT2_IOC* have been replaced by FS_IOC* in linux/fs.h. Some definitions of FS_IOC_* use long* but the actual code expects int* (see fs/ext2/ioctl.c). msgop.2 Bill Pemberton Remove EAGAIN as msgrcv() errno The list of errnos for msgrcv() lists both EAGAIN and ENOMSG as the errno for no message available with the IPC_NOWAIT flag. ENOMSG is the errno that will be set. Bill Pemberton Add an example program open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] Mention blocking semantics for FIFO opens See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95191 seccomp.2 Jann Horn [Kees Cook, Mikael Pettersson, Andy Lutomirski] Add note about alarm(2) not being sufficient to limit runtime Jann Horn Explain blacklisting problems, expand example Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Add mention of libseccomp setgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that setgid() changes all GIDs when caller has CAP_SETGID Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads in a process share credentials. setresuid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads in a process share credentials. setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads in a process share credentials. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add credentials(7) setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that setuid() changes all UIDs when caller has CAP_SETUID Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads in a process share credentials. sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigaction(2) Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc wrapper gives an EINVAL error on attempts to change the disposition of either of the two real-time signals used by NPTL. sigpending.2 Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigpending(2) sigprocmask.2 Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigprocmask(2) Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc wrapper silently ignores attempts to block the two real-time signals used by NPTL. sigreturn.2 Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigreturn(2) sigsuspend.2 Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigsuspend(2) sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc wrappers silently ignore attempts to wait for signals used by NPTL. Michael Kerrisk Add discussion of rt_sigtimedwait(2) socket.2 Heinrich Schuchardt SEE ALSO close(2) The description mentions close(2). Hence it should also be referenced in the SEE ALSO section. syscall.2 Jann Horn Add x32 ABI umount.2 Eric W. Biederman Document the effect of shared subtrees on umount(2) Eric W. Biederman Correct the description of MNT_DETACH I recently realized that I had been reasoning improperly about what umount(MNT_DETACH) did based on an insufficient description in the umount.2 man page, that matched my intuition but not the implementation. When there are no submounts, MNT_DETACH is essentially harmless to applications. Where there are submounts, MNT_DETACH changes what is visible to applications using the detach directories. Michael Kerrisk Move "shared mount + umount" text to a subsection in NOTES aio_return.3 Stéphane Aulery Document the return value on error Reported by Alexander Holler clock.3 Stéphane Aulery CLOCKS_PER_SEC = 1000000 is required by XSI, not POSIX Debian Bug #728213 reported by Tanaka Akira See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728213 dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Amend error in description of dlclose() behavior The current text says that unloading depends on whether the reference count falls to zero *and no other libraries are using symbols in this library*. That latter text has been there since man-pages-1.29, but it seems rather dubious. How could the implementation know whether other libraries are still using symbols in this library? Furthermore, no other implementation's man page mentions this point. Seems best to drop this point. Michael Kerrisk Add some details for RTLD_DEFAULT Michael Kerrisk Add some details on RTLD_NEXT and preloading Michael Kerrisk RTLD_NEXT works for symbols generally, not just functions The common use case is for functions, but RTLD_NEXT also applies to variable symbols. Michael Kerrisk dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries Note that dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries that were loaded by dlopen() Michael Kerrisk Rename second dlopen() argument from "flag" to "flags" This is more consistent with other such arguments Michael Kerrisk Reformat text on RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT fmemopen.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. fpathconf.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. fputwc.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. fputws.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. fseek.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. fseeko.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. gcvt.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. getline.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. getwchar.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. hypot.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. iconv_open.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. if_nameindex.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. initgroups.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. mq_open.3 Torvald Riegel Add EINVAL error case for invalid name This behavior is implementation-defined by POSIX. If the name doesn't start with a '/', glibc returns EINVAL without attempting the syscall. popen.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. pthread_kill.3 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc pthread_kill() function gives an error on attempts to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL. pthread_sigmask.3 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc implementation silently ignores attempts to block the two real-time signals used by NPTL. pthread_sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc pthread_sigqueue() function gives an error on attempts to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL. resolver.3 Stéphane Aulery [Jakub Wilk] Document missing options used by _res structure indicate defaults Missing options: RES_INSECURE1, RES_INSECURE2, RES_NOALIASES, USE_INET6, ROTATE, NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG, BLAST, USEBSTRING, NOIP6DOTINT, USE_EDNS0, SNGLKUP, SNGLKUPREOP, RES_USE_DNSSEC, NOTLDQUERY, DEFAULT Written from the glibc source and resolv.conf.5. See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=527136 Stéphane Aulery RES_IGNTC is implemented rint.3 Matt Turner Document that halfway cases are rounded to even Per IEEE-754 rounding rules. The round(3) page describes the behavior of rint and nearbyint in the halfway cases by saying: These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round halfway cases away from zero [...], instead of to the nearest even integer like rint(3) sigqueue.3 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading Michael Kerrisk Clarify version info (mention rt_sigqueueinfo()) sigsetops.3 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc sigfillset() function excludes the two real-time signals used by NPTL. sigwait.3 Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL The glibc sigwait() silently ignore attempts to wait for signals used by NPTL. strcoll.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The markings match glibc markings. strdup.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. tzset.3 J William Piggott Add 'std' quoting information ulimit.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. wcstombs.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. wctob.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe The marking matches glibc marking. xdr.3 Taisuke Yamada Clarified incompatibility and correct usage of XDR API See http://bugs.debian.org/628099 console_codes.4 Scot Doyle Add Console Private CSI sequence 15 An undocumented escape sequence in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c brings the previously accessed virtual terminal to the foreground. mtk: Patch misattributed to Taisuke Yamada in Git commit because of a muck up on my part. Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version number for CSI sequence 15 random.4 Michael Kerrisk Fix permissions shown for the devices These days, the devices are RW for everyone. filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk Remove dubious claim about comparative performance of ext2 Perhaps it was the best filesystem performance-wise in the 20th century, when that text was written. That probably ceased to be true quite a long time ago, though. Stéphane Aulery Add cross references for ext filesystems Stéphane Aulery Specifies the scope of this list and its limits. host.conf.5 hosts.5 resolv.conf.5 Stéphane Aulery [Paul E Condon] Cross references of these pages. See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=298259 host.conf.5 Stéphane Aulery Rework discussion of nospoof, spoofalert, spoof and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK The keywords and environment variables "nospoof", "spoofalert", "spoof" and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK were added to glibc 2.0.7 but never implemented Move descriptions to historical section and reorder it for clarity See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773443 hosts.5 Stéphane Aulery [Vincent Lefevre] Mention 127.0.1.1 for FQDN and IPv6 examples See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=562890 proc.5 Taisuke Yamada Document /proc/PID/status VmPin field See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1071746 Michael Kerrisk Document (the obsolete) /proc/PID/seccomp Michael Kerrisk Replace description of 'uid_map' with a reference to user_namespaces(7) All of the information in proc(5) was also present in user_namespaces(7), but the latter was more detailed and up to date. Taisuke Yamada Fix SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example Since the /proc/pid/attr API was added to the kernel, there have been a couple of changes to the SELinux handling of /proc/pid/attr/current. Fix the SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example text to reflect these changes and note which kernel versions first included the changes. securetty.5 Stéphane Aulery [Nicolas FRANCOIS] Note that the pam_securetty module also uses this file See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528015 This patch is a modified version of the one proposed without parts specific to Debian. boot.7 Michael Witten Copy edit While a lot of the changes are issues of presentation, there are also issues of grammar and punctuation. Michael Witten Mention `systemd(1)' and its related `bootup(7)' It's important that the reader receive contemporary information. credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthreads(7) Michael Kerrisk Add reference to nptl(7) feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Update discussion of _FORTIFY_SOURCE Since the initial implementation a lot more checks were added. Describe all the checks would be too verbose (and would soon fall out of date as more checks are added). So instead, describe the kinds of checks that are done more generally. Also a few other minor edits to the text. hier.7 Stéphane Aulery First patch of a series to achieve compliance with FHS 2.3 Stéphane Aulery SGML and XML directories are separated in FHS 2.3 Stéphane Aulery Add missing directories defined by FHS 2.3 Stéphane Aulery Identify which directories are optional Stéphane Aulery Document /initrd, /lost+found and /sys Ubuntu Bug #70094 reported by Brian Beck https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/70094 Stéphane Aulery Explain YP, which is not obvious ipv6.7 Stéphane Aulery [David Madore] SOL_IPV6 and other SOL_* options socket are not portable See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=472447 man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk [Bill Pemberton] Add indent(1) command that produces desired formatting for example code Stéphane Aulery Improve description of sections in accordance with intro pages packet.7 Michael Kerrisk Rework description of fanout algorithms as list Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of needing UID 0 to create packet socket The existing text makes no sense. The check is based purely on a capability check. (Kernel function net/packet/af_packet.c::packet_create() Michael Kerrisk Remove text about ancient glibc not defining SOL_PACKET This was fixed in glibc 2.1.1, which is a long while ago. And in any case, there is nothing special about this case; it's just one of those times when glibc lags. Michael Kerrisk Rework description of 'sockaddr_ll' fields as a list Michael Kerrisk Various minor edits pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk Add references to nptl(7) raw.7 Michael Kerrisk Rephrase "Linux 2.2" language to "Linux 2.2 or later" The man page was written in the LInux 2.2 timeframe, and some phrasing was not future-proof. signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Note when Linux added realtime signals Michael Kerrisk Correct the range of realtime signals Michael Kerrisk Summarize 2.2 system call changes that resulted from larger signal sets Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nptl(7) tcp.7 Peter Adkins Document removal of TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE Looking over the man page for 'tcp' I came across a reference to tuning the 'TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE' parameter when increasing 'tcp_max_syn_backlog' above 1024. However, this static sizing was removed back in Linux 2.6.20 in favor of dynamic scaling - as part of commit 72a3effaf633bcae9034b7e176bdbd78d64a71db. user_namespaces.7 Eric W. Biederman Update the documentation to reflect the fixes for negative groups Files with access permissions such as rwx---rwx give fewer permissions to their group then they do to everyone else. Which means dropping groups with setgroups(0, NULL) actually grants a process privileges. The unprivileged setting of gid_map turned out not to be safe after this change. Privileged setting of gid_map can be interpreted as meaning yes it is ok to drop groups. [ Eric additionally noted: Setting of gid_map with privilege has been clarified to mean that dropping groups is ok. This allows existing programs that set gid_map with privilege to work without changes. That is, newgidmap(1) continues to work unchanged.] To prevent this problem and future problems, user namespaces were changed in such a way as to guarantee a user can not obtain credentials without privilege that they could not obtain without the help of user namespaces. This meant testing the effective user ID and not the filesystem user ID, as setresuid(2) and setregid(2) allow setting any process UID or GID (except the supplementary groups) to the effective ID. Furthermore, to preserve in some form the useful applications that have been setting gid_map without privilege, the file /proc/[pid]/setgroups was added to allow disabling setgroups(2). With setgroups(2) permanently disabled in a user namespace, it again becomes safe to allow writes to gid_map without privilege. Michael Kerrisk Rework some text describing permission rules for updating map files No (intentional) change to the facts, but this restructuring should make the meaning easier to grasp. Michael Kerrisk Update kernel version associated with 5-line limit for map files As at Linux 3.18, the limit is still five lines, so mention the more recent kernel version in the text. Michael Kerrisk [Alban Crequy] Handle /proc/PID/setgroups in the example program Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing restrictions on updating /proc/PID/setgroups No (intentional) changes to factual description, but the restructured text is hopefully easier to grasp. Michael Kerrisk Explain why the /proc/PID/setgroups file was added ldconfig.8 Michael Kerrisk Note use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Note the use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures ==================== Changes in man-pages-3.83 ==================== Released: 2015-04-19, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andreas Baak Andreas Dilger cdlscpmv Cyrill Gorcunov Darrick J. Wong David Rientjes Dima Tisnek Eric Sandeen Fabien Pichot Felix Sedlmeier Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy Heinrich Schuchardt Jann Horn Jon Grant Jonny Grant Kees Cook Masanari Iida Ma Shimiao Michael Kerrisk Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Omar Sandoval Pierre Chifflier Robin H. Johnson Rob Landley Theodore Ts'o Vlastimil Babka Walter Harms William Woodruff YOSHIFUJI Hideaki Zeng Linggang Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- posix_madvise.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting posix_madvise(3) ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk Reorganize the page to give primacy to nftw() nftw() is the better API, and POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() obsolete. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- getdents.2 Michael Kerrisk [Dima Tisnek] Document getdents64() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14795 mount.2 Michael Kerrisk, Theodore Ts'o [Eric Sandeen, Andreas Dilger, Omar Sandoval, Darrick J. Wong] Document MS_LAZYTIME proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/fdinfo epoll format Michael Kerrisk Describe /proc/PID/fdinfo eventfd format Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/fdinfo signalfd format New and changed links --------------------- newfstatat.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to fstatat64.2 prlimit64.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to getrlimit.2 Global changes -------------- Various section 3 math pages Michael Kerrisk Note that these functions are also in POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- getent.1 Robin H. Johnson Document options The options to getent are now documented, after being around for nearly a decade without changes. Michael Kerrisk Document help and version options fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel version number for FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in 3.15, not 3.14. Michael Kerrisk Note that SMB3 added FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE support in Linux 3.17 getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that the underlying system call for prlimit() is prlimit64() Michael Kerrisk Remove "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" from prlimit() FTM requirements "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" is not needed to get the prlimit() declaration. ioctl_list.2 Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos SIOCADDRT accepts in6_rtmsg in INET6 protocol Heinrich Schuchardt TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS timerfd_create.2 mentions TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS. We should add it to ioctl_list.2, too. llseek.2 Michael Kerrisk Advise reader to use lseek(2) instead Michael Kerrisk llseek() exists on 32-bit platforms to support seeking to large offsets madvise.2 David Rientjes Specify MADV_REMOVE returns EINVAL for hugetlbfs madvise(2) actually returns with error EINVAL for MADV_REMOVE when used for hugetlb VMAs, not EOPNOTSUPP, and this has been the case since MADV_REMOVE was introduced in commit f6b3ec238d12 ("madvise(MADV_REMOVE): remove pages from tmpfs shm backing store"). Specify the exact behavior. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add posix_madvise(2) poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak] SEE ALSO: add epoll(7) posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection pread.2 Michael Kerrisk Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier, Kees Cook] Note that seccomp_data is read-only stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Add some details on various "stat" versions Three versions of "stat" appeared on 32-bit systems, dealing with structures of different (increasing) sizes. Explain some of the details, and also note that the situation is simpler on modern 64-bit architectures. Michael Kerrisk Add mention of newfstatat() The underlying system call for fstatat() is newfstatat() on some architectures. symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] ERRORS: add linkpath=="" case for ENOENT syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove prlimit() There really is only the prlimit64() system call. Michael Kerrisk Add some details about the "multiple versions of system calls" The multiple-system-call-version phenomenon is particularly a feature of older 32-bit platforms. Hint at that fact in the text. timerfd_create.2 Cyrill Gorcunov [Michael Kerrisk] Document TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS ioctl() operation Michael Kerrisk Add some details to C library/kernel ABI differences unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot] Remove mention of "System V" from discussion of CLONE_NEWIPC These days, CLONE_NEWIPC also affects POSIX message queues. asprintf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe carg.3 Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate ccos.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate ccosh.3 Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate cexp.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe clock.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that is thread-safe clog.3 Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate csin.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate csinh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate csqrt.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Simplify description of what these functions calculate ctan.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate ctanh.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate ctime.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe exec.3 Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: Clarify calling signature for execl() and execlp() Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak] Correct prototype for execle() Make the prototype shown into correct C. ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk [Felix Sedlmeier] ftw() and nftw() differ for the non-stat-able symlink case The POSIX specification of ftw() says that an un-stat-able symlink may yield either FTW_NS or FTW_SL. The specification of nftw() does not carry this statement. Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008 Michael Kerrisk Update POSIX version references in NOTES getcwd.3 Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk] Note behavior for unreachable current working directory Michael Kerrisk Add ENOMEM error gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Clarify that NO_ADDRESS and NO_DATA are synonyms Michael Kerrisk Add some detail for NO_DATA Text consistent with POSIX and FreeBSD's gethostbyname() man page. Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe getnetent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe get_nprocs_conf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getutent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe glob.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe insque.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe login.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe lseek64.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details with respect to 32-bit and 64-bit systems malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Add ENOMEM error mbsnrtowcs.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe mbsrtowcs.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe mq_notify.3 Michael Kerrisk Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot] NOTES: explain differences from the underlying system call The check for the slash at the start of a pathname is done in glibc openpty.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe perror.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe posix_memalign.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe printf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Walter Harms [Michael Kerrisk] Simplify the example code qsort.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] alphasort() and versionsort() are not suitable for 'compar' In glibc 2.10, the prototypes of alphasort() and versionsort() were changed so that the arguments switched from 'const void *' to 'const struct dirent **', to match the POSIX.1-2008 specification of alphasort(). As such, compiler warnings will result if these functions are used as the arguments of qsort(). warning: passing argument 4 of 'qsort' from incompatible pointer type expected '__compar_fn_t' but argument is of type 'int (*)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **)' Therefore, remove the ancient NOTES text suggesting that alphasort() and versionsort() can be used as suitable 'compar' arguments for qsort(). realpath.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant] Add ENOMEM error scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.10 changed the argument types for alphasort() and versionsort() Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe scanf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe setnetgrent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe significand.3 Ma Shimiao ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe strcasecmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Clarify that strcasecmp() does a byte-wise comparison Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008 unlocked_stdio.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe updwtmp.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe wcrtomb.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe wcsnrtombs.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe wcsrtombs.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe wordexp.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe wprintf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Describe "mnt_id" field of /proc/PID/fdinfo Michael Kerrisk Note that abstract sockets are included in /proc/net/unix Michael Kerrisk Update description /proc/sys/unix 'Type' field The existing text was very crufty. UNIX domain sockets support more than SOCK_STREAM for a _very_ long time now. Michael Kerrisk Add some detail to /proc/PID/timers Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka] Enhance discussion of /proc/PID/status 'VmSwap' field epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add poll(2) and select(2) icmp.7 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki/吉藤英明 Document net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob nptl.7 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to timer_create(2) ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.00 ==================== Released: 2015-05-07, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Advait Dixi Alain Kalker Andi Kleen Andreas Gruenbacher Andreas Heiduk Askar Safin Brice Goglin Cameron Norman Carlos O'Donell Chris Metcalf Christophe Lohr Christopher Head Christoph Hellwig David Wilcox Denis Du Egmont Koblinger Filipe Brandenburger Filipus Klutiero Florian Weimer Frédéric Maria Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy Graham Shaw Gregor Jasny Guillem Jover Guy Harris Heinrich Schuchardt Ian Pilcher Jann Horn Jason Newton J. Bruce Fields Jiri Pirko Joachim Wuttke Joern Heissler Jonathan Nieder Joonas Salo Jussi Lehtola Kirill A. Shutemov KOSAKI Motohiro Laurence Gonsalves Magnus REFTEL Michael Kerrisk NeilBrown Regid Ichira Sam Varshavchik Steinar H. Gunderson Stéphane Aulery Stephane Fillod Tetsuo Handa Thomas Hood Urs Thuermann Vasiliy Kulikov Vegard Nossum Weijie Yang William Woodruff Zeng Linggang Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- get_phys_pages.3 William Woodruff Document get_phys_pages() and get_avphys_pages() loop.4 Urs Thuermann, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting the loop device xattr.7 Andreas Gruenbacher Import attr(5) man page from the 'attr' project After discussions with Andreas Gruenbacher, it makes sense to move this page into man-pages, since it mostly relates to kernel details. Since this is an overview page, we'll move it to Section 7. Michael Kerrisk Rename page "xattr" is a more meaningful name than "attr" (it resonates with the names of the system calls), so as long as we are moving the page to a new section, we'll change the name as well, and retain an acl(5) link so that old references remain valid. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen] Document MAP_HUGE_2MB, MAP_HUGE_1GB, and MAP_HUGE_SHIFT shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen] Document SHM_HUGE_2MB, SHM_HUGE_1GB, and SHM_HUGE_SHIFT resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder] Add descriptions of some other resolver functions Add res_ninit(), res_nquery(), res_nsearch(), and res_nquerydomain(), res_nmkquery(), res_nsend(). tty_ioctl.4 Frédéric Maria [Stephane Fillod, Andreas Heiduk] Document TIOCMIWAIT and TIOCGICOUNT Michael Kerrisk Document TIOCGEXCL Michael Kerrisk Document TIOGCPKT Michael Kerrisk Document TIOCSPTLCK Michael Kerrisk Document TIOCGPTLCK New and changed links --------------------- CMSG_DATA.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to cmsg(3) CMSG_LEN.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to cmsg(3) dprintf.3 Michael Kerrisk Convert to a link to printf.3 get_avphys_pages.3 William Woodruff New link to new get_phys_pages.3 page res_ninit.3 res_nmkquery.3 res_nquery.3 res_nquerydomain.3 res_nsearch.3 res_nsend.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to resolver(3) man page loop-control.4 Michael Kerrisk New link to loop.4 attr.5 Michael Kerrisk New link to xattr(7) Global changes -------------- chown.2 execve.2 prctl.2 truncate.2 proc.5 capabilities.7 ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Tighter wording: 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' For sticky, set-UID, and set-GID mode bits (as used in POSIX). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- add_key.2 keyctl.2 request_key.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add keyrings(7) add_key.2 request_key.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add keyctl(3) epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk After EPOLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that signal mask treatment in epoll_pwait() is per-thread s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/ fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum] Note an F_SETSIG corner case get_mempolicy.2, set_mempolicy Brice Goglin Policy is per thread, not per process getxattr.2 listxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Adjust "attr(5)" references to "xattr(7)" ioctl.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add console_ioctl(2) and tty_ioctl(2) listxattr.2 xattr.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe listxattr(2) E2BIG error and document it as a BUG mkdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Wording fixes + point reader at stat(2) for explanation of file mode Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher] Further tweaks to text on S_ISVTX and 'mode' argument mknod.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewordings + point reader at stat(2) for details of mode bits mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove text that implies that munmap() syncs MAP_SHARED mapping to file The existing text in this page: MAP_SHARED Share this mapping. Updates to the mapping are visible to other processes that map this file, and are carried through to the underly‐ ing file. The file may not actually be updated until msync(2) or munmap() is called. implies that munmap() will sync the mapping to the underlying file. POSIX doesn't require this, and some light reading of the code and some light testing (fsync() after munmap() of a large file) also indicates that Linux doesn't do this. msync.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework text of DESCRIPTION Rewrite the text somewhat, for easier comprehension. No (intentional) changes to factual content nfsservctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields] Note that nfsservctl() was replaced by files in nfsd filesystem open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher] open() honors the S_ISVTX, S_ISUID, and S_ISGID bits in 'mode' Michael Kerrisk Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown] BUGS: O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY succeeds if pathname does not exist poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ian Pilcher] Clarify that signal mask treatment in ppoll() is per-thread s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/ Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik] After POLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed Michael Kerrisk Make it clearer which bits are ignored in 'events' prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [David Wilcox, Filipe Brandenburger] Note that "parent" for purposes of PR_SET_DEATHSIG is a *thread* See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43300 sendfile.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Newton] Note that sendfile does not support O_APPEND for 'out_fd' See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=82841 Michael Kerrisk [Gregor Jasny] RETURN VALUE: note the possibility of "short sends" See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97491 Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin] Clarify text on 'out_fd' and regular files in Linux 2.4 See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86001 shutdown.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stéphane Aulery] BUGS: UNIX domain sockets now detect invalid 'how' values Bug fixed in Linux 3.7. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111 sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer the reader to fcntl(2) F_SETSIG for further details on si_fd stat.2 Jann Horn Add note about stat() being racy Andreas Gruenbacher Improve description of some mode constants Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher] Remove excessive leading zeros on some constants Michael Kerrisk Add text on POSIX terms "file mode bits" and "file permission bits" Recent changes to various pages employ this distinction. Michael Kerrisk Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit' According to POSIX, the 9 UGO*RWX bits are permissions, and 'mode' is used to refer to collectively to those bits plus sticky, set-UID, and set_GID bits. syslog.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add dmesg(1) umask.2 open.2 mknod.2 mkdir.2 Andreas Gruenbacher Explain what default ACLs do Explain the effect that default ACLs have (instead of the umask) in umask.2. Mention that default ACLs can have an affect in open.2, mknod.2, and mkdir.2. unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Give the reader a hint that unshare() works on processes or threads See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59281 atexit.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe bsearch.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe cmsg.3 Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Head] Fix error in SCM_RIGHTS code sample Remove erroneous second initialization of msg.msg_controllen in the example code for SCM_RIGHTS. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15952 CPU_SET.3 Chris Metcalf Clarify language about "available" cpus The CPU_SET.3 man page uses the adjective "available" when explaining what the argument to CPU_SET() means. This is confusing, since "available" isn't well-defined. The kernel has a set of adjectives (possible, present, online, and active) that qualify cpus, but normally none of these are what the cpu_set_t bit index means: it's just "which cpu", using the kernel's internal numbering system, even if that cpu isn't possible or present. This change removes the word "available" and adds a sentence warning that cpu sets may not be contiguous due to dynamic cpu hotplug, etc. err.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe ftw.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe gethostbyname.3 Carlos O'Donell NSS plugins searched first Carlos O'Donell "order" is obsolete gethostid.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe getmntent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe get_nprocs_conf.3 Michael Kerrisk Use exit() rather than return in main() getopt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Guy Harris] Remove crufty BUGS section See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90261 iconv_close.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe inet_ntop.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe longjmp.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe lsearch.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe mcheck.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe on_exit.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe printf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger] Merge dprintf() and vdprintf() discussion into this page Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add puts(3) Michael Kerrisk Move return value discussion to proper RETURN VALUE section putpwent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe qsort.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe regex.3 Michael Kerrisk [Laurence Gonsalves] Fix error in description of 'cflags' 'cflags' is a bit mask of *zero* (not one) or more flags. resolver.3 Stéphane Aulery Add info about RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option in debug mode scanf.3 Joern Heissler Improve description of %n specifier setjmp.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe setlocale.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe setlogmask.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe sleep.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe strsignal.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe sysconf.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe undocumented.3 William Woodruff Remove documented functions tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk [Denis Du] Fix error in code example proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Cameron Norman, Vasiliy Kulikov] Document /proc mount options Document the 'hidepid' and 'gid' mount options that were added in Linux 3.3. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90641 Based on text by Vasiliy Kulikov in Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov] Improve description of /proc/PID/status Guillem Jover Document /proc/PID/exe behaviour on unlinked pathnames Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang] Document /proc/PID/status VmPMD resolv.conf.5 Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood] Document use-vc option added to glibc 2.14 Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781 Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood] Document RES_SNGLKUPREOP Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781 tzfile.5 Sam Varshavchik Add various details on version 2 format aio.7 Michael Kerrisk Add details and update URL for OLS 2003 paper on AIO bootparam.7 Michael Kerrisk [Alain Kalker] Update discussion of 'debug' option See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97161 Michael Kerrisk Summary of multiple changes: remove cruft from this page. Much of the detail on hardware specifics in this page dates from the 20th century. (The last major update to this page was in man-pages-1.14!) It's hugely out of date now (many of these devices disappeared from the kernel years ago.) So, I've taken a large scythe to the page to remove anything that looks seriously dated. In the process, the page has shrunk to less than 50% of its previous size. Michael Kerrisk Remove "buff=" details This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2. Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "Mouse drivers" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "General non-device-specific boot arguments" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "Hard disks" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "mem=" details Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty details on IBM MCA bus devices Michael Kerrisk Remove 'swap=" details This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2, Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty floppy disk driver options In the specific case of floppy drives: the drivers still exist, but it's been a while since most of saw these devices in the wild. So, just refer the reader to the kernel source file for details. (The detail in this man page was after all originally drawn from that file.) Remove crufty "ISDN drivers" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "line printer driver" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "Serial port drivers" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty reference to CONFIG_BUGi386 That option disappeared in Linux 2.4. Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty text "bootsetups array" dates from Linux 2.0. Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty "Video hardware" options Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty SCSI device driver options fanotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates FAN_MODIFY events inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates IN_MODIFY events ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Explain how IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP determines its argument type Michael Kerrisk [Jiri Pirko, Magnus REFTEL] Clarify details of the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option Michael Kerrisk [Advait Dixi] Remove dubious text that says that SO_PRIORITY sets IP TOS See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35852 Michael Kerrisk Relocate misplaced text describing ENOPROTOOPT error packet.7 Graham Shaw Add sll_protocol to list of required fields for outbound packets pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro] Using thread IDs whose lifetime has expired gives undefined behavior See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53061 raw.7 Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa] For incoming datagrams, sin_port is set to zero Michael Kerrisk Mention sendto(), recvfrom(), and so on when discussing address format This gives the reader a little context for the following discussion of 'sin_port'. Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty reference to Michael Kerrisk Replace reference to RFC 1700 with pointer to IANA protocol number list signal.7 Michael Kerrisk [Steinar H. Gunderson] Clarify that I/O operations on disks are not interrupted by signals See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97721 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Lohr] Remove mention of UNIX_PATH_MAX This kernel constant is not exposed to user space. Michael Kerrisk Note the 108 bytes for sun_path is how things are done on Linux And refer the reader to NOTES for discussion of portability. xattr.7 Michael Kerrisk Document EA limits for Btrfs Michael Kerrisk Document VFS-imposed limits on EAs VFS imposes a 255-byte limit on EA names, and a 64kB limit on EA values. Michael Kerrisk The ext[234] block limitation applies to sum of all EAs It is not a per-EA limit. Michael Kerrisk Clarify permissions required to work with 'user' EAs Michael Kerrisk ext2 and ext3 no longer need mounting with 'user_xattr' for user EAs Michael Kerrisk Add various relevant pages to SEE ALSO Michael Kerrisk Add CONFORMING TO section Michael Kerrisk Modify headings to man-pages norms Michael Kerrisk Btrfs also supports extended attributes Michael Kerrisk File capabilities are implemented using *security* attributes Not *system* attributes Michael Kerrisk Describe limit on EA values for JFS, XFS, and Reiserfs Michael Kerrisk Explicitly mention some of the xattr system calls in DESCRIPTION Naming the system calls helps to orient the reader nscd.8 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of 'services' and 'netgroup' databases This makes the page consistent with nscd.conf(5). ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.01 ==================== Released: 2015-07-23, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexei Starovoitov Andries E. Brouwer Arjun Shankar Ashish Sangwan Ben Woodard Carlos O'Donell Christoph Thompson Cortland Setlow Daniel Borkmann David Leppik Dilyan Palauzov Doug Klima Eric B Munson Florian Weimer Hack NDo Jann Horn Jens Axboe Jian Wen Joerg Roedel Julian Orth Kees Cook Laszlo Ersek Marko Myllynen Mehdi Aqadjani Memar Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Frysinger Mike Hayward Miklos Szeredi Namhyung Kim Namjae Jeon Nathan Lynch NeilBrown Pádraig Brady Pavel Machek Peter Hurley Sam Varshavchik Scot Doyle Stephan Mueller Tobias Stoeckmann Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho Uwe Kleine-König Vegard Nossum Ville Skyttä Vince Weaver Zeng Linggang 文剑 Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- bpf.2 Alexei Starovoitov, Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann] New page documenting bpf(2) __ppc_get_timebase.3 Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho New page documenting __ppc_get_timebase() and __ppc_get_timebase_freq() Glibc 2.16 was released with a new function for the Power architecture that can read its Time Base Register. Glibc 2.17 adds a function to read the frequency at which the Time Base Register of Power processors is updated. queue.3 Michael Kerrisk [David Leppik, Doug Klima] Reimport from latest FreeBSD page Long ago, Doug Klima noted that many macros were not documented in the queue(3) page. Fix by reimporting from latest [1] FreeBSD man page. [1] Revision 263142, Modified Fri Mar 14 03:07:51 2014 UTC This also fixes https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506 This time, I'll learn from past mistakes and not convert from 'mdoc' to 'man' macros. Michael Kerrisk Use subsections in DESCRIPTION Michael Kerrisk Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent tree(3) Michael Kerrisk Use real hyphens in code samples Michael Kerrisk Comment out text for functions not in glibc Michael Kerrisk Replace HISTORY with CONFORMING TO Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- rename.2 Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szeredi] Document RENAME_WHITEOUT Heavily based on text by Miklos Szeredi. New and changed links --------------------- __ppc_get_timebase_freq.3 Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho New link to new __ppc_get_timebase(3) page LIST_EMPTY.3 LIST_FIRST.3 LIST_FOREACH.3 LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3 LIST_NEXT.3 SLIST_EMPTY.3 SLIST_ENTRY.3 SLIST_FIRST.3 SLIST_FOREACH.3 SLIST_HEAD.3 SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 SLIST_INIT.3 SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3 SLIST_NEXT.3 SLIST_REMOVE.3 SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3 STAILQ_CONCAT.3 STAILQ_EMPTY.3 STAILQ_ENTRY.3 STAILQ_FIRST.3 STAILQ_FOREACH.3 STAILQ_HEAD.3 STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 STAILQ_INIT.3 STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3 STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3 STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3 STAILQ_NEXT.3 STAILQ_REMOVE.3 STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3 TAILQ_CONCAT.3 TAILQ_EMPTY.3 TAILQ_FIRST.3 TAILQ_FOREACH.3 TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3 TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3 TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3 TAILQ_LAST.3 TAILQ_NEXT.3 TAILQ_PREV.3 TAILQ_SWAP.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to queue.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in the title. These subsections are about describing differences between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- intro.1 Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer] Drop intro paragraph on '$?' shell variable As Andries notes, this piece of text is rather out of place in a page that was intended to provide a tutorial introduction for beginners logging in on a Linux system. locale.1 Marko Myllynen A minor output format clarification A minor clarification for the locale output format which was brought up at https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516. For reference, see https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516 http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/locale.html Add CONFORMING TO section capget.2 Julian Orth Clarify that hdrp->pid==0 is equivalent gettid() not getpid() chroot.2 Jann Horn chroot() is not intended for security; document attack It is unfortunate that this discourages this use of chroot(2) without pointing out alternative solutions - for example, OpenSSH and vsftpd both still rely on chroot(2) for security. Bind mounts should theoretically be usable as a replacement, but currently, they have a similar problem (CVE-2015-2925) that hasn't been fixed in ~6 months, so I'd rather not add it to the manpage as a solution before a fix lands. clock_getres.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe eventfd.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Elaborate on envp/argv as NULL behavior _exit.2 Michael Kerrisk Open stdio frames are not flushed, temporary files are deleted Many years ago, text was added to the page saying that it is implementation-dependent whether stdio streams are flushed and whether temporary are removed. In part, this change appears to be because POSIX.1-2001 added text related to this point. However, that seems to have been an error in POSIX, and the text was subsequently removed for POSIX.1-2008. See https://collaboration.opengroup.org/austin/interps/documents/9984/AI-085.txt Austin Group Interpretation reference 1003.1-2001 #085 fallocate.2 Namjae Jeon [Michael Kerrisk] Document FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 4.2, ext4 supports FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk OFD locks are proposed for inclusion in the next POSIX revision getrlimit.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getrusage.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe gettid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that for a thread group leader, gettid() == getpid() iopl.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove some historical libc5 and glibc 1 details These details are ancient, and long ago ceased to be relevant. ioprio_set.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe] Document meaning of ioprio==0 mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mehdi Aqadjani Memar] Document another ENOMEM error case ENOMEM can occur if locking/unlocking in the middle of a region would increase the number of VMAs beyond the system limit (64k). mmap.2 Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson] Clarify MAP_POPULATE David Rientjes has noticed that MAP_POPULATE wording might promise much more than the kernel actually provides and intends to provide. The primary usage of the flag is to pre-fault the range. There is no guarantee that no major faults will happen later on. The pages might have been reclaimed by the time the process tries to access them. Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson] Clarify MAP_LOCKED semantics MAP_LOCKED had a subtly different semantic from mmap(2)+mlock(2) since it has been introduced. mlock(2) fails if the memory range cannot get populated to guarantee that no future major faults will happen on the range. mmap(MAP_LOCKED) on the other hand silently succeeds even if the range was populated only partially. Fixing this subtle difference in the kernel is rather awkward because the memory population happens after mm locks have been dropped and so the cleanup before returning failure (munlock) could operate on something else than the originally mapped area. E.g. speculative userspace page fault handler catching SEGV and doing mmap(fault_addr, MAP_FIXED|MAP_LOCKED) might discard portion of a racing mmap and lead to lost data. Although it is not clear whether such a usage would be valid, mmap page doesn't explicitly describe requirements for threaded applications so we cannot exclude this possibility. This patch makes the semantic of MAP_LOCKED explicit and suggests using mmap + mlock as the only way to guarantee no later major page faults. Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: point out that ENOMEM can occur even for munmap() mprotect.2 Michael Kerrisk Note ENOMEM error that can occur when we reach limit on maximum VMAs open.2 read.2 write.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Hayward] Clarify that O_NONBLOCK is a no-op for regular files and block devices perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Joerg Roedel] Exclude_host/exclude_guest clarification This patch relates to the exclude_host and exclude_guest bits added by the following commit: exclude_host, exclude_guest; Linux 3.2 commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799 Author: Joerg Roedel Date: Wed Oct 5 14:01:16 2011 +0200 perf, core: Introduce attrs to count in either host or guest mode The updated manpage text clarifies that the "exclude_host" and "exclude_guest" perf_event_open() attr bits only apply in the context of a KVM environment and are currently x86 only. Vince Weaver Document PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR This patch relates to the addition of PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR support added in the following commit: perf_sample_regs_intr; Linux 3.19 commit 60e2364e60e86e81bc6377f49779779e6120977f Author: Stephane Eranian perf: Add ability to sample machine state on interrupt The primary difference between PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR and the existing PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER is that the new support will return kernel register values. Also if precise_ip is set higher than 0 then the PEBS register state will be returned rather than the saved interrupt state. This patch incorporates feedback from Stephane Eranian and Andi Kleen. prctl.2 seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT disallows exit_group(2) These days, glibc implements _exit() as a wrapper around exit_group(2). (When seccomp was originally introduced, this was not the case.) Give the reader a clue that, despite what glibc is doing, what SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT permits is the true _exit(2) system call, and not exit_group(2). pread.2 read.2 readv.2 sendfile.2 write.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that Linux limits transfers to a maximum of 0x7ffff000 bytes See https://bugs.debian.org/629994 and https://bugs.debian.org/630029. pread.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite RETURN VALUE section (Also drop the text on pwrite() returning zero; that seems bogus.) ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum] PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT clarification readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove BUGS heading The text on mixing I/O syscalls and stdio is a general point of behavior. It's not a bug as such. recv.2 send.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain some subtleties of MSG_DONTWAIT versus O_NONBLOCK rename.2 Michael Kerrisk Michael Kerrisk Note that RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed with RENAME_EXCHANGE sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Explain how to deal with 1024-CPU limitation of glibc's cpu_set_t type Michael Kerrisk Mention the use of the 'isolcpus' kernel boot option sched_setattr.2 Julian Orth Remove a const attribute The attr argument of sched_setattr was documented as const but the kernel will modify the size field of this struct if it contains an invalid value. See the documentation of the size field for details. seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bpf(2) send.2 Michael Kerrisk Expand on subtleties of MSG_NOSIGNAL versus ignoring SIGPIPE sigaltstack.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe socket.2 Stephan Mueller Update documentation reference for AF_ALG truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: ftruncate() can fail if the file descriptor is not writable utimensat.2 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe After research, We think utimensat() and futimens() are thread-safe. But, there are not markings of utimensat() and futimens() in glibc document. clearenv.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe dl_iterate_phdr.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe error.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe fexecve.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe fpurge.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe fread.3 Andries E. Brouwer Clarify terminology In the "RETURN VALUE" section the word item is in italics as if it were one of the function parameters. But the word "item" occurs here for the first time, earlier the text uses "element". [Patch improves this.] fts.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe getaddrinfo.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getaddrinfo_a.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getauxval.3 Michael Kerrisk File capabilities also trigger AT_SECURE Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document AT_HWCAP2 getgrent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe gethostbyname.3 Michael Kerrisk [Laszlo Ersek] Remove mention of IPv6 addresses, which are not supported As reported by Laszlo Ersek: gethostbyname(3) fails to resolve the IPv6 address "::1", but the manual page says: "If name is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, no lookup is performed and gethostbyname() simply copies name into the h_name field [...]". Debian bug report: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455762 glibc bug report: http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5479 SUSv3 link for gethostbyname(3): http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostbyname.html It seems that the glibc behavior is conformant, and the manual page is in error. getifaddrs.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getnameinfo.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe getnetent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getprotoent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe getprotoent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getpw.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe getpwent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe getrpcent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe getrpcent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe getrpcport.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe getservent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe getservent_r.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe gsignal.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe key_setsecret.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe malloc_get_state.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe malloc_info.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe malloc_stats.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe malloc_trim.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe MB_LEN_MAX.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify meaning of MB_LEN_MAX Michael Kerrisk [Pádraig Brady] MB_LEN_MAX is 16 in modern glibc versions memcpy.3 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: describe the glibc 2.13 changes that revealed buggy applications Adding a note on this point seems worthwhile as a way of emphasizing the point that the buffers must not overlap. mq_notify.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe perror.3 Michael Kerrisk Some wording improvements and clarifications profil.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe psignal.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe pthread_attr_init.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Use "%zd" for printing size_t in example code pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe pthread_cancel.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe pthread_cleanup_push.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe pthread_create.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe pthread_detach.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe pthread_getattr_np.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe pthread_join.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe pthread_setname_np.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe pthread_tryjoin_np.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe putgrent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe rcmd.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe resolver.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe rpc.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe rpmatch.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe sem_close.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe sem_open.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe setaliasent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe setlocale.3 Marko Myllynen Update CONFORMING TO http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html setlocale.3 Marko Myllynen Tweak C/POSIX locale portability description As discussed earlier, the current description might be a little bit too stringent, let's avoid the issue by describing the portability aspect on a slightly higher level. References: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap06.html http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html shm_open.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe strfmon.3 Marko Myllynen Document strfmon_l(3) Describe strfmon_l(3). http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html Marko Myllynen Fix CONFORMING TO AFAICS strfmon(3) is now defined in POSIX and the glibc implementation is as specified there. http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html Marko Myllynen Rewrite the example I think the example is more accurate when we use the exact locale names and also the Euro sign where appropriate. xcrypt.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe xdr.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe console_codes.4 Scot Doyle [Pavel Machek, Michael Kerrisk] Add CSI sequence for cursor blink interval Add a Console Private CSI sequence to specify the current console's cursor blink interval. The interval is specified as a number of milliseconds until the next cursor display state toggle, from 50 to 65535. null.4 Michael Kerrisk Note that reads from /dev/zero are interruptible since Linux 2.6.31 core.5 Michael Kerrisk Mention 'coredump_filter' boot option host.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Wording fix: s/resolv+/the resolver library/ The term "resolv+" seems to be historical cruft. hosts.equiv.5 Carlos O'Donell Fix format, clarify IdM needs, and provide examples. In some recent work with a Red Hat customer I had the opportunity to discuss the fine nuances of the ruserok() function and related API which are used to implement rlogin and rsh. It came to my attention after working with QE on some automated internal testing that there were no good examples in the hosts.equiv manual page showing how the format was supposed to work for this file and for ~/.rhosts, worse the "format" line showed that there should be spaces between arguments when that would clearly lead to incorrect behaviour. In addition some things that the format allows you to write are just wrong like "-host -user" which makes no sense since the host is already rejected, and should be written as "host -user" instead. I added notes in the example to make it clear that "-host -user" is invalid. I fixed three things: (a) The format line. - Either +, or [-]hostname, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp. - Either +, or [-]username, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp. - You must specify something in the hostname portion so remove optional brackets. (b) Clarify language around credentials - If the host is not trusted you must provide credentials to the login system and that could be anything really and it depends on your configuration e.g. PAM or whatever IdM you have. (c) Provide real-world examples - Provide several real world examples and some corner case examples for how you would write something. Hopefully others can add examples as they see fit. Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, Arjun Shankar] Improve explanation in EXAMPLE locale.5 Marko Myllynen Document map to_inpunct, map to_outpunct See e.g. fa_IR for reference. Marko Myllynen Document class in LC_CTYPE See e.g. the locale zh_CN and http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans Marko Myllynen Add iconv(1) reference Marko Myllynen Document character transliteration See e.g. da_DK for reference. (Not sure should we actually provide an example here?) Marko Myllynen Document era keywords This patch completes the LC_TIME section - since these era keywords are so tightly coupled, I'm providing them as a single patch. Based on http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf Marko Myllynen Document default_missing Marko Myllynen Document outdigit and alt_digits See e.g. fa_IR for reference. Marko Myllynen Refer to locale(7) more prominently It's probably a good idea to refer to locale(7) so that a reader can check what a category is about before describing them in detail. Marko Myllynen Document charclass and charconv See e.g. the locales ja_JP and ko_KR and http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans Marko Myllynen Copy is not exclusive in LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE See e.g. da_DK for reference. Marko Myllynen Remove the FIXME for timezone The timezone of LC_TIME is not in POSIX, only 6 (out of ~300) glibc locales define it, the glibc code comment below from glibc.git/programs/ld-time.c seems to suggest it's not a good idea, and there's been a proposal in upstream [1] to remove the existing timezone definitions from glibc locales so I think it's actually better to leave this one undocumented: /* XXX We don't perform any tests on the timezone value since this is simply useless, stupid $&$!@... */ 1) https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-06/msg00098.html Move the remaining LC_COLLATE FIXMEs together while at it. Marko Myllynen Fix country_isbn format Both plain numbers and Unicode code points are used in glibc locales but checking the code reveals that country_isbn is handled like the rest of its category expect for country_num which was clarified earlier. Marko Myllynen Sort according to the standard Sort the options so that those defined in POSIX are listed first, then followed by those defined in ISO/IEC TR 14652 in the order of common convention in many widely used glibc locales. Actual descriptions are unchanged. http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html Marko Myllynen Refer to strftime(3) where appropriate The relationship between the locale time format syntax and strftime() cannot be considered as obvious. Marko Myllynen Document map "totitle" See e.g. locales/i18n for reference. Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen] Remove BUGS section saying man page is not complete To some degree, this is true of many pages. And anyway, this page is much better after recent work by Marko. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk List /proc/vmstat fields Michael Kerrisk Tweak /proc/vmstat text Michael Kerrisk Add /proc/crypto entry with a pointer to further information Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Document /proc/sys/kernel/sysctl_writes_strict Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt. Michael Kerrisk Move misordered /proc/[pid]/timers entry Michael Kerrisk Refer to bpf(2) for explanation of /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable repertoiremap.5 Marko Myllynen Symbolic names AKA mnemonics A long time ago in glibc, repertoire maps were used (but they were removed already in 2000), those mapping files were named as mnemonics, so "mnemonic" is a term that would almost certainly come up if somebody studies glibc side (perhaps even the related standards like ISO 9945 [which I don't have access to]) so I thought it's worth to mention to term in the man page to make sure we're talking about the same thing, otherwise someone might wonder is that something different or not. IOW, symbolic names and mnemonics are often used interchangeably, let's mention the other often used term in the page, too. capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows calling bpf(2) locale.7 Marko Myllynen LC_CTYPE determines transliteration rules on glibc systems packet.7 文剑 [Cortland Setlow] Fix description of binding a packet socket to an interface pty.7 NeilBrown [Peter Hurley] Clarify asynchronous nature of PTY I/O A PTY is not like a pipe - there may be delayed between data being written at one end and it being available at the other. This became particularly apparent after commit f95499c3030f ("n_tty: Don't wait for buffer work in read() loop") in Linux 3.12 See also the mail thread at https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/1/35 Date Mon, 04 May 2015 12:32:04 -0400 From Peter Hurley <> Subject Re: [PATCH bisected regression] input_available_p() sometimes says 'no' when it should say 'yes' rtld-audit.7 Ben Woodard Use correct printf() specifier for pointer types In the example code you used %x rather than %p in the example code for an audit library. The problem is that it truncates the pointers on 64b platforms. So you get something like: la_symbind64(): symname = strrchr sym->st_value = 0x7f4b8a3f8960 ndx = 222 flags = 0x0 refcook = 8b53e5c8 defcook = 8b537e30 rather than: la_symbind64(): symname = fclose sym->st_value = 0x7fa452dd49b0 ndx = 1135 flags = 0x0 refcook = 0x7fa453f395c8 defcook = 0x7fa453f32e30 This has bitten me a handful of times when playing around with audit test libraries to investigate its behavior. sched.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient, wildly optimistic prediction about future of RT patches It seems the patches were not merged by 2.6.30... socket.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bpf(2) vdso.7 Nathan Lynch [Mike Frysinger] Update for ARM The 32-bit ARM architecture in Linux has gained a vDSO as of the 4.1 release. (I was the primary author.) Document the symbols exported by the ARM VDSO. Accepted kernel submission: http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-arm-kernel/2015-March/332573.html ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.02 ==================== Released: 2015-08-08, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Carlos O'Donell Daniel Borkmann David Rientjes Dilyan Palauzov Gabriel F. T. Gomes Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy Goswin von Brederlow Heinrich Schuchardt Jonathan David Amery Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Mike Kravetz Nicholas Miell Nikola Forró Sam Varshavchik Yaarit Zeng Linggang Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- dladdr.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting dladdr() and dladdr1() Relocate/rewrite dladdr() text formerly contained in dlopen(3). Add documentation of dladdr1(). Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe dlerror.3 Michael Kerrisk Migrate dlerror(3) to new separate man page Michael Kerrisk Note that the returned message may be in a statically allocated buffer Michael Kerrisk Note that the returned string does not include a trailing newline Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe dlinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing dlinfo(3) Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk This page was substantially rewritten and enhanced. Notably: * the dladdr(), dlsym, dlvsym(), and dlerror() content were moved to separate new pages; * documentation for dlmopen was added; * and other changes as noted below. Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Michael Kerrisk Move atexit() discussion under "Initialization and Finalization" Michael Kerrisk Move discussion of _init() and _fini() to NOTES Michael Kerrisk Rework the discussion of initialization and finalization functions Deemphasize the obsolete _init/_fini and give more prominence to gcc constructors/destructors. Michael Kerrisk dlclose() will unload the object when all references have been released Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: Remove mention of "-rdynamic" That option isn't needed for compiling and running this program. Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to ld.so info page The command "info ld.so" simply shows the man page... Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section Michael Kerrisk Reorganize conformance information for 'flags' dlsysm.3 Michael Kerrisk Move dlsym() and dlvsym() content to new separate page Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk, Carlos O'Donell Document dlmopen(3) nl_langinfo.3 Sam Varshavchik, Michael Kerrisk Add documentation for nl_langinfo_l(3) __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes Document PPC functions providing access to PPR GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions (__ppc_set_ppr_low(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med_low(3)) that provide access to the Program Priority Register (PPR). __ppc_yield.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes Document PPC performance-hint functions GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions __ppc_yield(3), __ppc_mdoio(3), and __ppc_mdoom(3) that can be used provide a hint that performance could be improved if shared resources are released for use by other processors. New and changed links --------------------- dladdr1.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to (new) dladdr(3) page dlmopen.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to dlopen.3 dlvsym.3 Michael Kerrisk Adjust link to point to new self-contained dlsym(3) page nl_langinfo_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to nl_langinfo.3 __ppc_mdoio.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_yield.3 __ppc_mdoom.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_yield.3 __ppc_set_ppr_low.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 __ppc_set_ppr_med_low.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 Global changes -------------- Very many pages Michael Kerrisk Update CONFORMING TO section to reflect POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 details. (By now, I believe all pages should be up to date with respect to appropriately mentioning POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.) ldd.1 sprof.1 execve.2 dlopen.3 ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Prefer "shared object" over "shared library" The man pages variously use "shared library" or "shared object". Try to more consistently use one term ("shared object"), while also pointing out on a few pages that the terms are synonymous. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of POSIX.1-2008 regarding EAGAIN vs EWOULDBLOCK bpf.2 Daniel Borkmann Various updates/follow-ups to address some fixmes A couple of follow-ups to the bpf(2) man-page, besides others: * Description of map data types * Explanation on eBPF tail calls and program arrays * Paragraph on tc holding ref of the eBPF program in the kernel * Updated ASCII image with tc ingress and egress invocations * __sync_fetch_and_add() and example usage mentioned on arrays * minor reword on the licensing and other minor fixups execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Reword text on POSIX and #! io_getevents.2 Michael Kerrisk Note return value on interruption by a signal handler Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of return value for timeout-expired case Michael Kerrisk Clarify and extend discussion of 'timeout' argument mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'length' need not be a page-size multiple for munmap() Michael Kerrisk [David Rientjes, David Rientjes, Mike Kravetz] Describe mmap()/munmap() argument requirements for huge-page mappings Michael Kerrisk Move discussion of timestamps to NOTES A straight move; no changes to the content. This content is better placed in NOTES. seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: mention libseccomp pages SEE ALSO: add scmp_sys_resolver(1) sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct the list of flags that were added in POSIX.1-2001 socketpair.2 Michael Kerrisk [Goswin von Brederlow] Clarify use of SOCK_* flags in 'type' argument See http://bugs.debian.org/794217 atexit.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3) clock_getcpuclockid.3 Michael Kerrisk Improve wording of EPERM error It's imprecise to say that this is an "optional" error in POSIX.1. dl_iterate_phdr.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'size' allows callback() to discover structure extensions Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add dladdr(3) Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that this function appears on some other systems fseeko.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty NOTES section This ancient System V detail is unneeded. getutent.3 Michael Kerrisk Mention POSIX.1-2008 for the "utmpx" functions iconv_close.3 iconv_open.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: change "UNIX98" to "SUSv2" malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Change "UNIX 98" to "SUSv2" mktemp.3 Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy Reference mkdtemp(3) in addition to mkstemp(3) Mention mkdtemp(3) as another secure alternative to mktemp(3). See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2898. mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion of 'timeout' In particular, remove the word 'ceiling', which falsely suggests that the call might return prematurely. nl_langinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Explicitly describe the return value on success Michael Kerrisk POSIX specifies that the caller may not modify the returned string Michael Kerrisk Enhance RETURN VALUE description Note some further cases where returned string may be invalidated or overwritten. perror.3 Michael Kerrisk Reformat CONFORMING to information Michael Kerrisk Note that 'sys_errlist' and 'sys_nerr' are not in POSIX.1 posix_openpt.3 Michael Kerrisk Reword text regarding systems that don't have posix_openpt() printf.3 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: update details for dprintf() and vdprintf() setlogmask.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove useless statement in CONFORMING TO Saying that the description in PSOX.1-2001 is flawed, without saying what the fla is, is not helpful. (And no, I don't know what the flaw is.) shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Add POSIX.1-2008 details regarding group ID of new shared memory object strfmon.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix erroneous CONFORMING to strfmon() is in POSIX.1. fanotify.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Clarify effects of file moves If files or directories are moved to other mounts, the inode is deleted. Fanotify marks are lost. mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section nptl.7 Michael Kerrisk [Nicholas Miell] Note that i386 and x86-64 binaries can't share mutexes sched.7 Nikola Forró Fix descriptions of sched_get_priority_max() / sched_get_priority_min() sem_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section shm_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section sigevent.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section symlink.7 Michael Kerrisk Update with POSIX.1-2008 details for link(2) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery] Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons See http://bugs.debian.org/794559. ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ==================== Released: 2015-12-05, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Shishkin Alexei Starovoitov Andy Lutomirski Arto Bendiken Carlos O'Donell Casper Ti. Vector Daniel Borkmann David Drysdale Eric B Munson Florian Weimer Gabriel F. T. Gomes Heinrich Schuchardt Ingo Molnar Jakub Wilk Johannes Stüttgen Jonathan Wakely Jonny Grant Kees Cook Maria Guseva Masami Hiramatsu Meikun Wang Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Frysinger Namhyung Kim Nikola Forró Olivier TARTROU Peter Hurley Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Ross Zwisler Serge Hallyn Silvan Jegen Stefan Tauner Steven Rostedt Tobias Stoeckmann Tycho Andersen Ville Skyttä Vince Weaver Zeng Linggang Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver 4.1 adds AUX sample support Vince Weaver 4.1 data_offset and data_size fields Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin] Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support Vince Weaver 4.0 update rdpmc documentation Vince Weaver 4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START Vince Weaver Document 4.1 clockid support Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu] 4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support Vince Weaver 4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support Vince Weaver 4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK Vince Weaver 4.1 adds aux_watermark Vince Weaver Add possibility of EBUSY error prctl.2 Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn] Document operations for ambient capabilities Michael Kerrisk Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes Document PPC functions providing access to PPR GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3) and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3). capabilities.7 Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn] Document ambient capabilities Michael Kerrisk Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text New and changed links --------------------- __ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 __ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3 Gabriel F. T. Gomes New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- mremap.2 Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko] Add note about mremap() with locked areas When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this might come as a surprise to users and should be noted. open.2 Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale] Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag. That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement this flag, so remove mention of it. pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add splice(2) prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Reorder options alphabetically Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix. Michael Kerrisk Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS ptrace.2 Tycho Andersen Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope Michael Kerrisk Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add prctl(2) reboot.2 Casper Ti. Vector 1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mlock(2) Michael Kerrisk Add userfaultfd() daemon.3 Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen] Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition dirfd.3 Jonathan Wakely Remove outdated NOTES As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros. dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE Quoting Florian: This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script: handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY); The proper way to do this is to include and use LIBM_SO. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821 Michael Kerrisk Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE Michael Kerrisk Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE fgetgrent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe fgetpwent.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe getauxval.3 Michael Kerrisk Add some details for AT_SECURE getspnam.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe mallinfo.3 Zeng Linggang ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe mallopt.3 Carlos O'Donell Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX posix_fallocate.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify text relating to MT-safety Carlos O'Donell Mention glibc emulation caveats termios.3 Olivier TARTROU Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377. tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67 core.5 Ross Zwisler Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags, MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED. These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings. This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb mappings, have the potential to be very large. nsswitch.conf.5 Nikola Forró Add list of files being read when "files" service is used This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which file is read for each respective database. The list of files was acquired from glibc source code. proc.5 Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk] Add details for threads-max Add detail information for threads-max. The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1. https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96 Heinrich Schuchardt /proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters Michael Kerrisk Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status Michael Kerrisk Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope aio.7 Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang] Add missing include file, , to example program mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken] Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2 path_resolution.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add splice(2) rtld-audit.7 Namhyung Kim Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/ la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter() returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all. signal.7 Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko] Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1 tcp.7 Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk] Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description for tcp_ecn_fallback. See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback. ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23 Michael Kerrisk Describe secure-execution mode Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva] Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva. Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen] LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ==================== Released: 2015-12-29, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Monakov Andries E. Brouwer Archie Cobbs Carlos O'Donell Colin Rice Darren Hart Davidlohr Bueso Dmitry V. Levin Eric B Munson Heinrich Schuchardt H.J. Lu Jakub Wilk Jonathan Wakely Jonny Grant Laurent Georget Lennart Poettering Mathieu Desnoyers Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Frysinger Pádraig Brady Paul Eggert Pavel Machek Phil Blundell Richard Voigt Rich Felker Rusty Russell Thomas Gleixner Tom Gundersen Torvald Riegel Vincent Lefevre Vlastimil Babka Walter Harms Zack Weinberg Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- futex.2 Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker] Rewrite and massively expand page membarrier.2 Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting membarrier() system call Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- mlock.2 Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk] Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT New and changed links --------------------- mlock2.2 Eric B Munson New link to mlock.2 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) epoll_create.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case fanotify_init.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case fork.2 Michael Kerrisk Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions getcpu.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering] The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages get_robust_list.2 Michael Kerrisk Reword EINVAL error text gettimeofday.2 Carlos O'Donell Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) inotify_init.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case personality.2 Dmitry V. Levin Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call poll.2 Richard Voigt timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access Michael Kerrisk Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll() The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming: s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/ sendfile.2 Laurent Georget Document more ERRORS sigreturn.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) socketcall.2 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API time.2 Zack Weinberg Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno' Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu] Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert] Describe EOVERFLOW details Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vdso(7) Michael Kerrisk Rename 't' argument to 'tloc' dlerror.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE Michael Kerrisk Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE drand48.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions See http://bugs.debian.org/803459 errno.3 Michael Kerrisk Note probable cause of ENFILE error fnmatch.3 Pádraig Brady Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax iconv.3 Andries E. Brouwer NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input random_r.3 Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs] Clarify need to use initstate_r() tzset.3 Carlos O'Donell Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note random.4 Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen] Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error futex.7 Heinrich Schuchardt SEE ALSO updates Michael Kerrisk Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes Heinrich Schuchardt NPTL, avoid abbreviation Michael Kerrisk Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms vdso.7 Michael Kerrisk Add note on strace(1) and vDSO ld.so.8 H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk] Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC Michael Kerrisk Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT Michael Kerrisk Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK Michael Kerrisk Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING Michael Kerrisk Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ==================== Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adhemerval Zanella Akihiro Suda Alan Aversa Alan Cox Alec Leamas Alex Henrie Alexander Miller Andreas Gruenbacher Andreas Schwab Anna Schumaker Askar Safin Bill O. Gallmeister Carlos O'Donell Chris Pick Christoph Hellwig Craig Gallek Darrick J. Wong Davidlohr Bueso Dmitry V. Levin Dr. Tobias Quathamer Eric Blake Eric Dumazet Florian Weimer Gabriel Corona Heinrich Schuchardt Ivan Shapovalov Jakub Wilk Jason Baron Jason Vas Dias Jérémie Galarneau Jeremy Harris Joachim Wuttke Joe Stein John Stultz Josh Triplett Kondo, Naoya Krzysztof Adamski Manfred Spraul Marianne CHEVROT Marko Myllynen Mark Post Martin Gebert Mats Wichmann Matt Zimmerman Michael Kerrisk ` Mike Frysinger Minchan Kim Naoya Kondo Naresh Kamboju Nikola Forró Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Orion Poplawski Pakin Yury Patrick Donnelly Paul Eggert Paul Pluzhnikov Peter Hurley Peter Wu Petr Gajdos Philip Semanchuk Rasmus Villemoes Rich Felker Simon Que Stephan Bergmann Stéphane Aulery Stephen Hurd Vincent Bernat William Preston Yuri Kozlov Zefram Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- copy_file_range.2 Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting copy_file_range() copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or server-side-copy (in the case of NFS). personality.2 Michael Kerrisk This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of personality domains. fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella] Significant reworking of this page: * Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode * Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page. * Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22 * Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument * Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments * Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream ntp_gettime.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3) open_memstream.3 Michael Kerrisk New page created by split of fmemopen(3). At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text. posix_spawn.3 Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3) readdir.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Split readdir_r() content into separate page As suggested by Florian Weimer: It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers will never have to consult all these details. Michael Kerrisk Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert] Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field readdir_r.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] New page created after split of readdir(3). Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Remove misleading code example using pathconf() lirc.4 Alec Leamas New page documenting lirc device driver Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- adjtimex.2 Michael Kerrisk Document ntp_adjtime(3) epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron] Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE madvise.2 Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk] Document MADV_FREE Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo Michael Kerrisk Document additional /proc/meminfo fields Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G Michael Kerrisk Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field Michael Kerrisk Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries Michael Kerrisk Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries Michael Kerrisk Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly] /proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info. socket.7 Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat] Document some BPF-related socket options Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the following socket options: SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_ATTACH_BPF SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DETACH_BPF SO_LOCK_FILTER New and changed links --------------------- isalpha_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to isalpha.3 longjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp() ntp_adjtime.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to adjtimex(2) ntp_gettimex.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to ntp_gettime.3 open_wmemstream.3 Michael Kerrisk Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page posix_spawnp.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new posix_spawn.3 page siglongjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewire link to point to setjmp(3) strerror_l.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to strerror.3 Fix missing link Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE) Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Simplify FTM requirements Looking at (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700 (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value 200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L can be simplified to: _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L Various pages Michael Kerrisk Simplify FTM requirements Looking at (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600 (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L can be simplified to: _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L Various pages Michael Kerrisk Simplify FTM requirements _XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM requirements in various pages. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining _ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies the SYNOPSIS a little. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Simplify FTM requirements Looking at (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600 (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L can be simplified to: _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain: _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED to just: _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 This has the following benefits: a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient historical information. b) Preventing users from being misled into using _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS _POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it in the feature test macro requirements section of the SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro. A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior. Various sockets-related pages Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and function arguments. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset" "File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Word "descriptor" more precisely Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor". Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR Changes to individual pages --------------------------- locale.1 Marko Myllynen Add "locale -c charmap" as an example Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511. localedef.1 Marko Myllynen Add hint on purpose of --no-archive Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.) accept.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: improve description for EBADF adjtimex.2 Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz] Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz Michael Kerrisk Remove FTM requirements It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder). Michael Kerrisk Split EINVAL error cases Michael Kerrisk Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset Michael Kerrisk Don't refer reader to adjtime(3) Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used. Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju] Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3) Michael Kerrisk Improve description of some PPS timex fields Michael Kerrisk Add ATTRIBUTES section William Preston [Petr Gajdos] Update a detail in adjtimex return value description Michael Kerrisk Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY bdflush.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23 bind.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve description of ENOENT error bpf.2 Michael Kerrisk Document close-on-exec semantics The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled for FDs returned by bpf(). chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits) chown.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: improve EBADF description clone.2 unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue. connect.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: improve EBADF description create_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call delete_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski] Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries Michael Kerrisk Add reference to ld-linux.so(8) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add system(3) fanotify_init.2 Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags fcntl.2 flock.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8) fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] Rework description of F_SETOWN As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at, make a few other cleanups to the text. Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy is just to omit mention of it. futex.2 Michael Kerrisk FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT get_kernel_syms.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc does not support this system call init_module.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call ioctl_list.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Include uapi/linux/wireless.h Add the list of wireless IOCTLs. Heinrich Schuchardt Path to sockios.h sockios.h is now in include/uapi Heinrich Schuchardt Add reference to netdevice.7 netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h Heinrich Schuchardt Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs) The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is of type struct iwreq *. ioperm.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie] ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2) See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911 iopl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie] Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2) See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901 lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA Michael Kerrisk NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add open(2) madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range mknod.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) mount.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8) open.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo Mark Post [Petr Gajdos] O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett. readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify EINVAL error description recv.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Equivalence to read() Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2) equivalences for zero-valued arguments. Michael Kerrisk MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets recv.2 cmsg.3 Nikola Forró Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t, but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t. The information was obtained from glibc source code: http://bit.ly/21m1RMp Michael Kerrisk Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1 sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer] Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3) sched_setattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda] EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread select.2 Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett. Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2) Change this because of the serious limitation of select() imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible. Michael Kerrisk Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation No modern application should use select() on Linux. select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Some readability fixes to example program Michael Kerrisk Better variable names in example program Michael Kerrisk Simplify 'if' logic in example program Michael Kerrisk Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen semctl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk] NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/ Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall. Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Tweak comment describing 'sempid' sendfile.2 Askar Safin Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2) setpgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp() signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo sigprocmask.2 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3) This man page did not make it obvious which functions should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where those functions were documented. socketpair.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] Note treatment of 'sv' on error splice.2 Askar Safin Improve description of 0 return value. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911 statfs.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Use consistent case for hex constants sync.2 Christoph Hellwig Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees syscall.2 Mike Frysinger Add more architectures and improve error documentation Move the error register documentation into the main table rather than listing them in sentences after the fact. Add sparc error return details. Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/ tile/xtensa. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add copy_file_range(2) times.2 Kondo, Naoya Fix an incorrect description in NOTES The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough. truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add truncate(1) uselib.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention CONFIG_USELIB Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call wait.2 wait4.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus" The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called "status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into thinking that the two arguments hold the same information, when of course they don't. So, use a different name for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce the chances of such confusion. backtrace.3 Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert] Small fixes to example program clearenv.3 Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman] Clarify the use and effect of clearenv() See http://bugs.debian.org/679323 Michael Kerrisk Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv() clog10.3 Michael Kerrisk Show an alternative equivalence for clog10() Michael Kerrisk Update CONFORMING TO Fix grammar error and add C11. dl_iterate_phdr.3 Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov] Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4 See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011 Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que] Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141 errno.3 Michael Kerrisk Add some explanation of ENOENT error exec.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add system(3) exp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke] SEE ALSO: add expm1(3) fopen.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3) fts.3 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions gamma.3 Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox] gamma() was documented in SVID 2 getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski] Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22 Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for POSIX.1-2001 or later. getcwd.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pwd(1) opendir.3 Michael Kerrisk Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3) perror.3 Michael Kerrisk Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist' posix_fallocate.3 Jérémie Galarneau ERRORS: add EINTR The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be interrupted. posix_memalign.3 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake] Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error pthread_setaffinity_np.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3) queue.3 Dr. Tobias Quathamer Remove double CONFORMING TO section rcmd.3 Nikola Forró Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok() functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file is hard linked anywhere. setbuf.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1) setjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several more details. Michael Kerrisk Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point. See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195 Michael Kerrisk Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain Michael Kerrisk Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED sleep.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sleep(1) strftime.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris] Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218 strlen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa] CONFORMING TO: add C11 system.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add execve(2) termios.3 Dr. Tobias Quathamer Document line length in canonical mode See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673 See https://bugs.debian.org/797479 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tty(1) Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley] Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit timegm.3 Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann] Remove sample implementation of timegm() Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable *non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it hard to disagree. So, remove this code. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701 Michael Kerrisk Expand DESCRIPTION a little st4.4 Dr. Tobias Quathamer Remove spurious copyright section tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1) elf.5 Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger] Fix description of STV_PROTECTED Michael Kerrisk Improve description of STV_DEFAULT Michael Kerrisk Improve description of STV_HIDDEN Chris Pick Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick] Reword discussion of range values a little gai.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section group.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add groups(2) SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1) SEE ALSO: add sg(1) SE ALSO: add gshadow(5) SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) locale.5 Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger] tel + fax are deprecated nsswitch.conf.5 Nikola Forró Update NSS compatibility mode description utmp.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1) aio.7 Andreas Gruenbacher Improve example When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined. capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1) SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5) credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add groups(2) environ.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax Michael Kerrisk Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized Michael Kerrisk Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3) epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a summary of some FTM key points Michael Kerrisk Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default Michael Kerrisk Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED. Michael Kerrisk Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED has generally been removed from the man pages. Michael Kerrisk Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11" Michael Kerrisk Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details Michael Kerrisk Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified in the standard. inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries ip.7 Eric Dumazet Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option mq_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add lsns(1) lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear in next release (2.28?). pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias] Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1) signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pcap(3) SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8) standards.7 Michael Kerrisk Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016) svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Tweak description of 'sempid' Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1) symlink.7 Michael Kerrisk [Zefram] Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777 See https://bugs.debian.org/743525 time.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add timeout(1) SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3) unicode.7 Dr. Tobias Quathamer Document private use areas See https://bugs.debian.org/285444 unix.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Add example A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local interprocess communication is added. Michael Kerrisk Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET Michael Kerrisk Some wording improvements ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ==================== Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Miller Alon Bar-Lev Benjamin Poirier Christoph Hellwig Colin Ian King Dr. Tobias Quathamer Ed Avis Georg Sauthoff Heinrich Schuchardt Jakub Wilk Jordan Birks Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nikola Forró Rasmus Villemoes Serge E. Hallyn Serge Hallyn Valery Reznic Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- cgroups.7 Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting cgroups cgroup_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn] New page describing cgroup namespaces Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP readv.2 Christoph Hellwig Document preadv2() and pwritev2() setns.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support clone.2 fork.2 Nikola Forró Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code clone.2 Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King] ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic] Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option fsync.2 Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) ioctl_fat.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Use %04x to print volume ID Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID. ioprio_set.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX memfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper mount.2 Michael Kerrisk MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5) quotactl.2 Michael Kerrisk Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA Michael Kerrisk Rework/reorder ERRORS list Make into a single alphabetically ordered list Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX semctl.2 Michael Kerrisk From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Document SEGV_BNDERR Michael Kerrisk Document SEGV_PKUERR syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add preadv2() and pwritev2() write.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX makedev.3 Mike Frysinger Use in SYNOPSIS Defining these functions via causes problems for some folk. As noted by Zack Wein: libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by using a strict conformance mode. Since glibc has basically always used , update the docs to have people include that instead. Michael Kerrisk NOTES: mention that may also define these macros popen.3 Nikola Forró RETURN VALUE: describe successful case Reference: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html strtod.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis] Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE core.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit locale.5 Marko Myllynen Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on the on ISO/IEC TR 14652: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf Marko Myllynen Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18 Marko Myllynen Complete LC_COLLATE Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing LC_COLLATE keywords. Mike Frysinger country_car: Add a better description nsswitch.conf.5 Marko Myllynen Document group merging Document the recently merged glibc group merge support. Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page Michael Kerrisk Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added Michael Kerrisk Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field Michael Kerrisk Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups Michael Kerrisk Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit cpuset.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7) ip.7 Benjamin Poirier Fix incorrect sockopt name "IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the ip.7 man page. Reference: Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt() namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7) vdso.7 Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger] Update for MIPS Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO. VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards. See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes] The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev] Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD. ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ==================== Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alec Leamas Andrey Vagin Andy Lutomirski Carsten Grohmann Chris Gassib Christoph Hellwig Darren Hart Darrick J. Wong Élie Bouttier Eric Biggers Eric W. Biederman Florian Weimer Håkon Sandsmark Iustin Pop Jacob Willoughby Jakub Wilk James H Cownie Jann Horn John Wiersba Jörn Engel Josh Triplett Kai Mäkisara Kees Cook Keno Fischer Li Peng Marko Kevac Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Michał Zegan Miklos Szeredi Mitch Walker Neven Sajko Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Omar Sandoval Ori Avtalion Rahul Bedarkar Robin Kuzmin Rob Landley Shawn Landden Stefan Puiu Stephen Smalley Szabolcs Nagy Thomas Gleixner Tobias Stoeckmann Tom Callaway Tom Gundersen Vince Weaver W. Trevor King "Yuming Ma(马玉明)" Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- ioctl_fideduperange.2 Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME. ioctl_ficlonerange.2 Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls. nextup.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk] New page describing mount namespaces Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Document flags used to set propagation type Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE. Michael Kerrisk Document the MS_REC flag ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley] Document ptrace access modes proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid' Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field New and changed links --------------------- preadv2.2 pwritev2.2 Michael Kerrisk New links to readv(2) nextdown.3 nextdownf.3 nextdownl.3 nextupf.3 nextupl.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to nextup(3) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on the output of ldd localedef.1 Marko Myllynen Drop --old-style description The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16 years and I doubt anyone uses it. add_key.2 Mitch Walker Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys chroot.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2) clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description fork.2 Michael Kerrisk Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died futex.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct an ENOSYS error description Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT. Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart] Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME. Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner] Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout Michael Kerrisk Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE equivalences. Michael Kerrisk Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations. Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart] Fix descriptions of various timeouts Michael Kerrisk Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT getitimer.2 Michael Kerrisk Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway] Change license to note that page may be modified The page as originally written carried text that said the page may be freely distributed but made no statement about modification. In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original, but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text, I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the original author to grant permission to modify was simply an oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have changed the page have taken that to be the case.) See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311 get_mempolicy.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel] Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes) Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel] Fix prototype for get_mempolicy() In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *' getpriority.2 Michael Kerrisk Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error, where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in DESCRIPTION. Michael Kerrisk Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2) Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority get_robust_list.2 Michael Kerrisk get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS ioctl.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2) kcmp.2 Michael Kerrisk kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS Shawn Landden Note about SECURITY_YAMA kill.2 Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba] Clarify the meaning if sig==0 lookup_dcookie.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1) mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar] EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups The existing text makes no differentiation between different "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to reflect these details. Michael Kerrisk Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location; NOTES is a better location. Michael Kerrisk Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa. Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/ Omar Sandoval MS_BIND still ignores mountflags This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6. Michael Kerrisk Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT The behavior changed in Linux 3.17. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags' Michael Kerrisk Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE Michael Kerrisk MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities Michael Kerrisk Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files Michael Kerrisk Update example list of filesystem types Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples. Michael Kerrisk MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount Michael Kerrisk Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page In preparation for other reworking. Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only open.2 Eric Biggers Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE pciconfig_read.2 Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway] Change license to note that page may be modified Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay to change the license to note that the page can be modified. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311 perf_event_open.2 Michael Kerrisk If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS Jann Horn Document new perf_event_paranoid default Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver] Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0 The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to make this behavior explicit. prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Some wording improvements in timer slack description Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5). process_vm_readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn] Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks, and make a few other minor tweaks and additions. Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections Michael Kerrisk Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check Michael Kerrisk Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check quotactl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby] 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks This error appears to have been injected into glibc when copying some headers from BSD. See https://bugs.debian.org/825548 recv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen] With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ setfsgid.2 setfsuid.2 Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk] Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1. (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.) Michael Kerrisk Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection sysinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite and update various pieces umask.2 Michael Kerrisk NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field umount.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7) unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced Michael Kerrisk waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL assert.3 Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Improved description Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of recommendations. Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of message printed by assert() fmax.3 fmin.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fdim(3) getauxval.3 Cownie, James H Correct AT_HWCAP result description inet_pton.3 Stefan Puiu Mention byte order malloc_hook.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook memmem.3 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Note that memmem() is present on some other systems mkdtemp.3 mktemp.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1) printf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n strcasecmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion] Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer strcat.3 Michael Kerrisk Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat() In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating Schlemiel The Painter. strtoul.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add a64l(3) strxfrm.3 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer] Remove NOTES section strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221 console_codes.4 console_ioctl.4 tty.4 vcs.4 charsets.7 Marko Myllynen Remove console(4) references 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate. console_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib] The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int' lirc.4 Alec Leamas Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes. st.4 Kai Mäkisara Fix description of read() when block is larger than request Kai Mäkisara Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6 Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match the changes in kernel version 4.6. charmap.5 Marko Myllynen Clarify keyword syntax Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc charmap files are using currently. elf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add readelf(1) locale.5 Marko Myllynen Document missing keywords, minor updates Marko Myllynen Clarify keyword syntax Marko Myllynen Adjust conformance proc.5 namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5) There was partial duplication, and some extra information in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5). proc.5 Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7) Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo to mount_namespaces(7). Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"] Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace Michael Kerrisk Add references to mount_namespaces(7) repertoiremap.5 Marko Myllynen Clarify keyword syntax utmp.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add logname(1) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski] Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment Michael Kerrisk Add a detail on use of securebits cgroup_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7) cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error cp1251.7 cp1252.7 iso_8859-1.7 iso_8859-15.7 iso_8859-5.7 koi8-r.7 koi8-u.7 Marko Myllynen Add some charset references Add some references to related charsets here and there. credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add runuser(1) SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1) SEE ALSO: add sudo(8) feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk Emphasize that applications should not directly include man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett] Add a few more details on formatting conventions Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting. Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions, and "general". namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check. Michael Kerrisk Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll Michael Kerrisk Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description This is a duplicate of information in proc(5). Michael Kerrisk Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces netlink.7 Andrey Vagin Describe netlink socket options Michael Kerrisk Rework version information (No changes in technical details.) pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7) unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION Michael Kerrisk Expand discussion of socket permissions Michael Kerrisk Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket Read permission is not required (verified by experiment). Michael Kerrisk Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann] Update text on socket permissions on other systems At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10, some light testing suggested that write permission is still not checked on that system. Michael Kerrisk Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets W. Trevor King Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket' Michael Kerrisk Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection Michael Kerrisk Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many privileged operations relate to resources that have no association with any namespace type, and only processes with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those operations. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a noninitial userns. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and not hierarchies that have a controller). Michael Kerrisk Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems Michael Kerrisk Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc Michael Kerrisk Describe a concrete example of capability checking Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged operation. Michael Kerrisk Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces Linux 3.12, not 3.11. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2) SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7) utf-8.7: Shawn Landden Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed, but the text is ambiguous. ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ==================== Released: 2016-10-08, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Arnaud Gaillard Bill Pemberton Carlos O'Donell Christoph Hellwig David Turner Dr. Tobias Quathamer Elliott Hughes Eugene Syromyatnikov Heinrich Schuchardt Hu Keping Igor Liferenko Ivan Kharpalev Jakub Wilk Jann Horn Josh Triplett Keno Fischer Laurent Georget Local Lembke Mats Wichmann Michael Kerrisk Mike Crowe Mike Frysinger Namhyung Kim Nikola Forró Patrick McLean Peter Wu Petr Cermak Quentin Rameau Ray Bellis Rich Felker Ruben Kerkhof Sam Varshavchik Sebastian Andrzej Siewior Siward de Groot Sloane Bernstein Stefan Tauner Tim Savannah Ursache Vladimir Zefram 王守堰 Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- quotactl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Updated information regarding disk quota flags Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH. Eugene Syromyatnikov Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands Added information regarding structure definitions used for XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on usage of kernel UAPI header. Eugene Syromyatnikov Additions regarding project quotas Added information regarding presence of project quotas. bswap.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64() cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/seccomp Jann Horn Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not a good interface. New and changed links --------------------- bswap_16.3 bswap_32.3 bswap_64.3 New link to new bswap.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Fix section ordering Various pages had sections in an order different from that prescribed in man-pages(7). Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID) Various pages Michael Kerrisk Fix order of SEE ALSO entries Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically within the section. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Order ERRORS alphabetically Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove section number from page self reference Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe and include a section number in that reference. Such references cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the page. A few pages Michael Kerrisk Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings Changes to individual pages --------------------------- pldd.1 Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19 accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select() Michael Kerrisk Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES DECNet ceased to be important long ago... adjtimex.2 Nikola Forró Fix kernel version references chroot.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT clone.2 Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett] Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett] Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures Michael Kerrisk Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8. Michael Kerrisk EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack' Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'. Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes] Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share file offset and status flags via the open file description. Michael Kerrisk Mention kcmp() under notes close.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of the close-on-exec flag Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache epoll_wait.2 Mike Crowe Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list Michael Kerrisk Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged fanotify_init.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Update BUGS information fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that are used for subsequent permission checks. Michael Kerrisk Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer Michael Kerrisk Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result fork.2 Michael Kerrisk PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID fsync.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2) Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O integrity completion. getdomainname.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID gethostname.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE getsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework description to be somewhat clearer Michael Kerrisk Correct the definition of "session ID" getunwind.2 Michael Kerrisk Simplify text referring to vdso(7) The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also in vdso(7). kcmp.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program kill.2 Michael Kerrisk Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL killpg.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules mlock.2 Sebastian Andrzej Siewior Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process mmap.2 Jann Horn Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot] Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887 msgctl.2 msgget.2 msgop.2 semctl.2 semget.2 semop.2 shmctl.2 shmget.2 shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER open.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME Michael Kerrisk NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD Michael Kerrisk F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/* Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER Michael Kerrisk Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir] Make example program handle links that report a size of zero Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example program to handle that possibility. Michael Kerrisk Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error readv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig] Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written Michael Kerrisk Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line reboot.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT rename.2 Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah] Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace select_tut.2 Peter Wu Fix various issues in example program seteuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID setgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID setpgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to credentials(7) setpgid.2 setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2). setresuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID setreuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains a controlling terminal. set_thread_area.2 Michael Kerrisk Add get_thread_area() to NAME setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID sigprocmask.2 Keno Fischer Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann] Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files Michael Kerrisk _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps umask.2 Michael Kerrisk Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4() There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does not provide a waitpid() system call. bindresvport.3 rcmd.3 ip.7 Michael Kerrisk Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE byteorder.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bswap(3) dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24 endian.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bswap(3) ffs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner] Correct feature test macro requirements fmemopen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer() getlogin.3 Michael Kerrisk Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid() getumask.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24 Michael Kerrisk Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask mkstemp.3 Quentin Rameau Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp() The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L, not 200112L. pthread_join.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann] Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread Michael Kerrisk [王守堰] Clarify use of 'retval' pointer resolver.3 Ray Bellis Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep) strverscmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program wcstombs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360 core.5 Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] Add more details for output paths and the crash handler People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :). proc.5 Mike Frysinger Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem. Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger in an earlier commit message. Michael Kerrisk Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership of /proc/PID files. Michael Kerrisk Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files Michael Kerrisk Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability Michael Kerrisk Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable' Michael Kerrisk Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field Michael Kerrisk [Zefram] Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' Michael Kerrisk Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks Michael Kerrisk Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children Michael Kerrisk Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6. Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak] Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS Michael Kerrisk Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add proc(5) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2) glob.7 Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard] Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged packet.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean] Document FIONREAD raw.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2), where the rules are described for F_SETOWN. unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev] Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351 ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Expand description of LD_DEBUG Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple categories can be specified. Michael Kerrisk Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS Michael Kerrisk Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries Michael Kerrisk Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5 libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH, LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0. Michael Kerrisk Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details Michael Kerrisk Remove mention of "ELF only" Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page with "ELF-only" serves no purpose. ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ==================== Released: 2016-12-12, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Afzal Mohammed Andrew Clayton Carlos O'Donell Christoph Lameter Daniel Baluta Daniel Berrange Daniel Wagner Darrick J. Wong Dave Hansen Dmitry V. Levin Dr. Tobias Quathamer Elliott Hughes Eric W. Biederman Eugene Syromyatnikov Florian Weimer Heinrich Schuchardt Igor Liferenko Jakub Wilk Jann Horn Jeremy Harris Kees Cook Keno Fischer Laurent Georget Laurent Georget Marcos Mello Michael Hausenblas Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Mike Galbraith Miroslav Koskar Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Omar Sandoval Pavel Emelyanov Piotr Kwapulinski Siddhesh Poyarekar Theodore Ts'o Vegard Nossum Vincent Lefevre Vince Weaver Wainer dos Santos Moschetta Wang Long Willy Tarreau Zack Weinberg Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pkey_alloc.2 Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2) pthread_getattr_default_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3) strfromd.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3) The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class of functions that convert a float-point value to string. fuse.4 Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk] New page describing /dev/fuse This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a handy reference for others looking at this interface. [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page, it's a good base for future extension.] tmpfs.5 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem pkeys.7 Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk] New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys random.7 Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget] New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4), as well as new material. sock_diag.7 Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface close.2 getpriority.2 nice.2 timer_create.2 timerfd_create.2 random.4 elf.5 proc.5 sched.7 Various authors These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under "Changes to individual pages". Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN mprotect.2 Dave Hansen Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call Eugene Syromyatnikov Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN prctl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE. Vince Weaver Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type Vince Weaver PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP Vince Weaver Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT Vince Weaver Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new EOVERFLOW error return. Dave Hansen PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS) are lost. ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER Michael Kerrisk Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations sched.7 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith] Document the autogroup feature Includes documenting autogroup nice value Michael Kerrisk Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros) there are many traditional use cases where the nice value ceases to have any effect. Michael Kerrisk Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling New and changed links --------------------- killpg.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to relocated killpg(3) page pkey_free.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page pkey_mprotect.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to mprotect(2) pthread_setattr_default_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3 strfromf.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta New link to strfromd(3) strfroml.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta New link to strfromd(3) Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away. Remove some ancient details from the pages. Various pages Michael Kerrisk Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page Various pages Michael Kerrisk Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t' Michael Kerrisk Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t' We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion. adjtimex.2 clock_getres.2 gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8) bind.2 connect.2 getpeername.2 getsockname.2 getsockopt.2 Michael Kerrisk Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2) The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2), where some details about this type are provided. chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chmod(1) chown.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1) chroot.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chroot(1) clone.2 Michael Kerrisk The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new TID before clone() returns to user space close.2 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner] Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling Further clarify that an error return should be used only for diagnostic or remedial purposes. Michael Kerrisk Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error Looking at some historical source code suggests that the "close() always closes regardless of error return" behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990. Michael Kerrisk Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200. Michael Kerrisk Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems fallocate.2 Darrick J. Wong Document behavior with shared blocks Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC. fanotify_mark.2 Heinrich Schuchardt Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit in fanotify_mark(). fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)). Michael Kerrisk Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached fideduperange.2 Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval] Fix the discussion of maximum sizes Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect what's actually in the kernel. fsync.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fileno(3) fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3) and fsync(2). Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fflush(3) getgroups.2 Andrew Clayton FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2) gethostname.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add hostname(1) get_mempolicy.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0 getpriority.2 Michael Kerrisk Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details. Michael Kerrisk Expand discussion of getpriority() return value Michael Kerrisk The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped to the permitted range. Michael Kerrisk Improve description of setpriority() return value getpriority.2 sched.7 Michael Kerrisk Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7) Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical. getrandom.2 random.4 Michael Kerrisk Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns expressed about the existing text in random(4). [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new random(7) page.] getrandom.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove material incorporated into random(7) Michael Kerrisk Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors Michael Kerrisk Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom} getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME Michael Kerrisk Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit Michael Kerrisk Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add credentials(7) ioctl_ficlonerange.2 ioctl_fideduperange.2 Darrick J. Wong Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl kill.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add kill(1) mbind.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter] Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute mbind.2 set_mempolicy.2 Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk] Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation mount.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1) mprotect.2 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific nice.2 Michael Kerrisk Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the raw system call (still) returns 0 on success. Michael Kerrisk Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped Michael Kerrisk Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE Michael Kerrisk Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text a little. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread* Michael Kerrisk Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading Michael Kerrisk Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value open.2 Michael Kerrisk ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9 Michael Kerrisk Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver Add cycles field in LBR records Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK last branch records. Vince Weaver Update time_shift sample code Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines. Michael Kerrisk Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached prctl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation Eugene Syromyatnikov Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32 Michael Kerrisk Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits ptrace.2 Keno Fischer Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops Keno Fischer Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and their interaction with the various forms of restart. quotactl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels reboot.2 Wang Long Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace sched_setattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7). sched_setscheduler.2 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange] Mention SCHED_DEADLINE Give the reader a clue that there is another policy available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2). seccomp.2 Jann Horn Document changed interaction with ptrace Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9. Michael Kerrisk NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters set_mempolicy.2 Michael Kerrisk Reformat list of modes setsid.2 Michael Kerrisk Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit() Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sched(7) List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery of autogrouping. sigaction.2 Dave Hansen Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo symlink.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add namei(1) sync_file_range.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix description for ESPIPE error A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect() New system calls in Linux 4.9. Michael Kerrisk Add ppc_swapcontext(2) timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME Michael Kerrisk Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM Michael Kerrisk Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers unlink.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add unlink(2) utime.2 utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add touch(1) wait.2 Michael Kerrisk On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4(). atof.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) ctime.3 Michael Kerrisk Add ERRORS section Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly errno.3 Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] Add glibc error text for EILSEQ fclose.3 fflush.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fileno(2) getlogin.3 Michael Kerrisk Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r() Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add logname(1) isalpha.3 Michael Kerrisk Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char' killpg.3 Michael Kerrisk Move killpg.2 from section to section 3 mallopt.3 Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar] Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning Michael Kerrisk Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST Michael Kerrisk Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST Michael Kerrisk Note default value of M_PERTURB mbsnrtowcs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character is found at end of the input buffer. mbstowcs.3 wcstombs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] Improve language relating to "initial state" See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705 mbstowcs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko] Add missing include to example program See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172 mq_close.3 Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3) mq_open.3 Eugene Syromyatnikov Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open() mq_receive.3 mq_send.3 Eugene Syromyatnikov Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF printf.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) pthread_attr_init.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3) pthread_create.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3) ptsname.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1 Michael Kerrisk CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far) remainder.3 Michael Kerrisk Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779 has been fixed in glibc 2.15. Michael Kerrisk Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783 was fixed in glibc 2.15. setjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics strtod.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3) tgamma.3 Michael Kerrisk Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810 was fixed in glibc 2.19. timegm.3 Michael Kerrisk Add ERRORS section Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] Add RETURN VALUE section tmpnam.3 Michael Kerrisk Properly document tmpnam_r(3) toupper.3 Michael Kerrisk Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char' ttyname.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tty(1) console_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes Miroslav Koskar Add K_OFF keyboard mode random.4 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to new random(7) page Michael Kerrisk Rework formatting of /proc interfaces Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes. Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget] Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered. Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o] Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing. If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to reflect this. elf.5 Mike Frysinger Add subsection headers at major points The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION with no real visual break up between logically independent sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to read and scan. Mike Frysinger Document notes Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc. filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fuse(4) proc.5 Dave Hansen Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field Michael Kerrisk Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file Michael Kerrisk Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled and /proc/PID/autogroup. Michael Kerrisk Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries Michael Kerrisk Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields Michael Kerrisk Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details Michael Kerrisk Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks Michael Kerrisk Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo Michael Kerrisk Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output proc.5 pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7) resolv.conf.5 Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer] Timeout does not map to resolver API calls utmp.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add users(1) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add shadow(5) feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated Michael Kerrisk Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory libc.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6 Michael Kerrisk Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5 Just for historical interest. Details taken from http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html. mdoc.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7) mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7) mount_namespaces.7 user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7) This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page. Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page. netlink.7 Dmitry V. Levin Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG Dmitry V. Levin Add references to sock_diag(7) pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum] Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}. Michael Kerrisk Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking sched.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value Michael Kerrisk Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value Michael Kerrisk Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value Michael Kerrisk NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller Michael Kerrisk Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler Michael Kerrisk Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list Michael Kerrisk Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time Michael Kerrisk Give the page a more generic NAME The page isn't just about APIs. standards.7 Michael Kerrisk POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released symlink.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add namei(1) uri.7 Jakub Wilk Use "example.com" as example domain user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation Michael Kerrisk Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ==================== Released: 2017-03-13, Paris Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Martindale Alex Anders Thulin Andreas Gruenbacher Brian Masney Casey Schaufler David Howells Erik Kline Erik Roland van der Meer Eugene Syromyatnikov Fabjan Sukalia Heinrich Schuchardt Helmut Eller Hugo Guiroux Ian Jackson Jakub Wilk Jann Horn Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com> John Wiersba Jon Jensen Kai NODA KASAKI Motohiro Keno Fischer Kent Fredic Krzysztof Kulakowski Maik Zumstrull Mat Martineau Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nadav Har'El Namhyung Kim Nicolas Biscos Omar Sandoval Paul Fee Reverend Homer Rob Landley Sergey Polovko Steven Luo Tadeusz Struk Vincent Bernat Vivenzio Pagliari Wainer dos Santos Moschetta Willy Tarreau Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- add_key.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells] Major improvements and additions The page has doubled in length. ioctl_iflags.2 Michael Kerrisk New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations ioctl_ns.2 Michael Kerrisk New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7) keyctl.2 Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau] A vast number of additions and improvements The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface provided by this system call. getentropy.3 Michael Kerrisk New page documenting getentropy(3) getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25. keyrings.7 David Howells New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells] Very many additions and improvements Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/keys Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/key-users Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay Michael Kerrisk Document /proc files that define key quotas persistent-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various clean-ups and additions process-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various additions and improvements request_key.2 Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells] Very many additions and improvements The page is now three times its former length. session-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various reworking and additions signal-safety.7 Michael Kerrisk New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from signal(7). Along the way some more details got added. Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro] Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292 Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro] Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292 thread-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various rewordings and additions user-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various reworking and improvements user-session-keyring.7 Michael Kerrisk New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces, it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather than the keyutils package. Michael Kerrisk Various rewordings and additions Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- bzero.3 Michael Kerrisk Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25) Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field New and changed links --------------------- explicit_bzero.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to bzero.3 Changes to individual pages --------------------------- chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file chown.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file chroot.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8) clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME clone.2 Michael Kerrisk clone() does not execute fork handlers execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve() Michael Kerrisk File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID Michael Kerrisk The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs fork.2 Michael Kerrisk cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error fsync.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2) getrandom.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page Michael Kerrisk Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in Michael Kerrisk glibc support was added in version 2.25 getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets getxattr.2 listxattr.2 Andreas Gruenbacher Document E2BIG errors inotify_add_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object" Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7). ioctl.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2) ioctl_fat.2 Brian Masney Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label kcmp.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values Michael Kerrisk KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description link.2 Michael Kerrisk When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files Michael Kerrisk Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs listxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Eliminate extra E2BIG error text Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine the two texts. lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems Michael Kerrisk Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2) for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that, since the reader can then deduce how things work. madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance mbind.2 Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk] Update MPOL_BIND description The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26. mincore.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3) mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mincore(2) mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident mount.2 Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk Describe "creeping sleep" problem nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate. Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2) provides a solution. Michael Kerrisk BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6 open.2 Michael Kerrisk Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity Michael Kerrisk Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags Michael Kerrisk Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW Michael Kerrisk Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing Michael Kerrisk Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX poll.2 select.2 Nicolas Biscos Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2) A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs). As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make the same mistake. posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches. Michael Kerrisk Reorganize some text Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES. Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more obvious. Michael Kerrisk One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore' Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view of which pages of a file are currently cached. Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull] Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: mincore(2) prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread Keno Fischer Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset Michael Kerrisk The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process) Michael Kerrisk Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field Michael Kerrisk Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS ptrace.2 Omar Sandoval Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL read.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA] Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count' See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061 Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo] Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler. That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)! See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111 readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice. recv.2 Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat] Remove duplicate paragraph man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing paragraph. Remove that duplicate. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7) remap_file_pages.2 Michael Kerrisk remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation send.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7) setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/. Michael Kerrisk signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid memory access can be caught only with a handler. stat.2 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device Michael Kerrisk NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting statfs.2 Namhyung Kim Add more filesystem types Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h syscall.2 Mike Frysinger Add endian details with 64-bit splitting Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is way more common than big endian). Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply to. Mike Frysinger Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC, they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather than expose the padding to userspace. tkill.2 Jann Horn Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals truncate.2 Michael Kerrisk Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects unlink.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files vfork.2 Michael Kerrisk Explain why the child should not call exit(3) Michael Kerrisk Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory Michael Kerrisk Note some caveats re the use of vfork() Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/. See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add _exit(2) write.2 Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA] Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count' See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061 aio_suspend.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172 backtrace.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1) bcmp.3 bcopy.3 bzero.3 memccpy.3 memchr.3 memcmp.3 memcpy.3 memfrob.3 memmem.3 memmove.3 memset.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bstring(3) exec.3 Michael Kerrisk execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24 fopen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller] Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261 Michael Kerrisk Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument Michael Kerrisk Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname' For consistency with open(2). Michael Kerrisk Add subsection headings for each function fts.3 Michael Kerrisk Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set() Michael Kerrisk Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition Michael Kerrisk Improve explanation of 'fts_errno' Michael Kerrisk Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure Michael Kerrisk Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set() ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program Michael Kerrisk Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS getline.3 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: better error handling Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic] EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input Jann Horn Document ENOMEM error case see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument Michael Kerrisk Use better variable name in example program getmntent.3 Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin] Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611 getopt.3 Michael Kerrisk Reword discussion of error handling and reporting The existing description was hard to understand. Break it into a bullet list that separates out the details in a manner that is easier to parse. Michael Kerrisk Correct details of use of to get getopt() declaration Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba] Remove some redundant text mq_open.3 Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale] Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from having to refer to mq_getattr(3). mq_send.3 Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale] Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority __ppc_set_ppr_med.3 Wainer dos Santos Moschetta Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high() definitions. printf.3 Michael Kerrisk Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier Michael Kerrisk Document 'q' length modifier Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer] Fix a small bug in example code Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in all cases. Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341. Michael Kerrisk Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3)) random.3 Michael Kerrisk Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument The information was a bit hidden in NOTES. random_r.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak] 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801. Michael Kerrisk Add some usage notes for setstate_r() Michael Kerrisk Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf' See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662. Michael Kerrisk Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they are deprecated. Michael Kerrisk The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25 Michael Kerrisk Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated Michael Kerrisk RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25 Michael Kerrisk RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25 resolver.3 resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off scandir.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson] Fix errors in example program See http://bugs.debian.org/848231. Michael Kerrisk Improve logic of the example program scanf.3 Michael Kerrisk Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions sem_post.3 setjmp.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7) sem_wait.3 Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia] Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains the historical details. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071 sleep.3 Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner] Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2) See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371. Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger] Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371. Michael Kerrisk Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection The existing text is not a bug, as such. Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: minor reworking strerror.3 Heinrich Schuchardt Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l() Add a hint which buffer size is needed for strerror_r() and strerror_l(). strverscmp.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari] Fix comparison error in example program system.3 Michael Kerrisk In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system() random.4 Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen] Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096 core.5 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory Michael Kerrisk The target of core dump piping can also be a script filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5) intro.5 Michael Kerrisk Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems. Change intro(5) to reflect that. Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998 proc.5 Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk] Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2) Michael Kerrisk Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field Michael Kerrisk Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7) Michael Kerrisk Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry Michael Kerrisk Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd Michael Kerrisk Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps resolv.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25 Michael Kerrisk The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25 Michael Kerrisk The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25 slabinfo.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler] Add subsection with notes to kernel developers Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose which capability should govern a new kernel feature. Michael Kerrisk Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers" Michael Kerrisk Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH Michael Kerrisk Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored Michael Kerrisk Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE Michael Kerrisk Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2) environ.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based ip.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ip(8) man.7 uri.7 Jakub Wilk Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site. mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley] Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED. namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: rename the example program Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded in various ways in the future. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8) Michael Kerrisk Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2) netlink.7 Michael Kerrisk NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5 Michael Kerrisk NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18 Michael Kerrisk Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list Michael Kerrisk Add NETLINK_RDMA to list Michael Kerrisk NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5 Michael Kerrisk NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17 Jakub Wilk Update libnl homepage URL The original URL is 404. pid_namespaces.7 user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2) pid_namespaces.7 Keno Fischer CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity Michael Kerrisk Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B. See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source. random.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention getentropy(3) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3) A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive in the auxiliary vector. signal.7 Michael Kerrisk SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2) Michael Kerrisk Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call" This is the more typical definition. Michael Kerrisk SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7) Michael Kerrisk SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2) Michael Kerrisk Add a name for SIGEMT Michael Kerrisk SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2) Michael Kerrisk Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko] Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change. Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau] Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7) ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols Michael Kerrisk Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT Michael Kerrisk In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load Michael Kerrisk LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ==================== Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alexander Alemayhu Alexander Miller Andrea Arcangeli Andreas Dilger Andrew Clayton Arnd Bergmann Ben Dog Carlos O'Donell Chema Gonzalez Christian Brauner Cyril Hrubis David Howells Dmitry V. Levin Florian Weimer Francois Saint-Jacques Frank Theile Georg Sauthoff Ian Abbott Jakub Wilk Jan Heberer Marcin Ślusarz Marko Myllynen Matthew Wilcox Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Mike Rapoport Nicolas Biscos Nicolas Iooss Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Nominal Animal Silvan Jegen Stephan Bergmann Walter Harms Zack Weinberg 丁贵强 Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- ioctl_userfaultfd.2 Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd statx.2 David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger] New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11 userfaultfd.2 Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli] New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call. pthread_atfork.3 Michael Kerrisk New page describing pthread_atfork(3) slabinfo.5 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page was in any case hugely out of date. inode.7 Michael Kerrisk New page with information about inodes David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2) to a new page. Renamed pages -------------- ioctl_console.2 Michael Kerrisk Renamed from console_ioctl.4 Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there for consistency. Michael Kerrisk Note type of 'argp' for a various operations For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type of the 'argp' argument. ioctl_tty.2 Michael Kerrisk Renamed from tty_ioctl(4) All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this page consistent. Michael Kerrisk Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- ioctl_ns.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11 Michael Kerrisk Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9 socket.7 Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk Document SO_INCOMING_CPU New and changed links --------------------- console_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page tty_ioctl.4 Michael Kerrisk Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2) Michael Kerrisk Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- alarm.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2) chmod.2 fsync.2 mkdir.2 mknod.2 open.2 truncate.2 umask.2 utime.2 utimensat.2 Michael Kerrisk Add/replace references to inode(7) clone.2 Michael Kerrisk CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error clone.2 unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC Michael Kerrisk CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached Michael Kerrisk Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded, the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error is ENOSPC. epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and EPOLLERR to be reported. _exit.2 Michael Kerrisk On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper" It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes are inherited by PID 1. Michael Kerrisk Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can be employed with file seals. Michael Kerrisk File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds the following line that applies to all new shmem files: info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL; Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create): if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING) info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL; fork.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3) getdents.2 open.2 stat.2 statx.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add inode(7) getdtablesize.2 attr.5 Alexander Miller Move .so directive to first line Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools that process man page files. getpid.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID ioctl_list.2 Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann] BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long ioctl_ns.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: document ENOTTY kexec_load.2 sched_setaffinity.2 bootparam.7 Michael Kerrisk Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/ lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2) Both of these pages discuss file holes. mincore.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fincore(1) mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to be relevant long ago. So, remove this text. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2) open.2 Michael Kerrisk Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Expand discussion of POLLPRI Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos] POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed posix_fadvise.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add fincore(1) prctl.2 Mike Frysinger PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it up to all users. Mike Frysinger PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers Mike Frysinger PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm(). Michael Kerrisk Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes Michael Kerrisk Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec() Michael Kerrisk Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER rename.2 Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff] Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2() sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3) select.2 Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell] Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors Michael Kerrisk Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications Michael Kerrisk Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop Michael Kerrisk Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions Michael Kerrisk Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler signalfd.2 Michael Kerrisk SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask' sigprocmask.2 Dmitry V. Levin Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures, it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value. Michael Kerrisk 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL sigwaitinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals socketcall.2 Mike Frysinger Document call argument stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove information migrated to inode(7) page Michael Kerrisk Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list Michael Kerrisk Remove "Other systems" subsection These details about other systems were added in 1999, and were probably of limited use then, and even less today. However, they do clutter the page, so remove them. Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' Michael Kerrisk Add some subsection headings to ease readability David Howells ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT Michael Kerrisk Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf') Marcin Ślusarz Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap the order of sentences. Michael Kerrisk Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino' Michael Kerrisk DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add membarrier(2) Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2) Michael Kerrisk Linux 4.11 added statx() Michael Kerrisk Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1 bzero.3 Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg] Add correct header file for explicit_bzero() cfree.3 Michael Kerrisk cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26 exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Improve discussion of zombie processes getentropy.3 Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer] Correct header file Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile] SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration grantpt.3 Michael Kerrisk Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do insque.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add queue(3) queue.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add insque(3) shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5) syslog.3 Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms] Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability Michael Kerrisk Various rewordings and improvements Michael Kerrisk Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog() Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1) ttyname.3 Dmitry V. Levin Document ENODEV error code Christian Brauner NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces wcsdup.3 Jan Heberer RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a. elf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1) nsswitch.conf.5 Florian Weimer Mention sudoers It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files Michael Kerrisk Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to that page. tmpfs.5 Michael Kerrisk tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes environ.7 Jakub Wilk Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp. hostname.7 Marko Myllynen Use lower case for hostname example Marko Myllynen Use generic names in examples Marko Myllynen Describe accepted characters for hostname inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss] Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32 user_namespaces.7 Stephan Bergmann Fixes to example While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things: * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped. * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the child before exec'ing. pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) pty.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals sem_overview.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7) signal.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2) tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2) Chema Gonzalez tcp_abc was removed in 3.9 xattr.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2) People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip. ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD Michael Kerrisk Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload Michael Kerrisk Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache zdump.8 Jakub Wilk Add OPTIONS section heading ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ==================== Released: 2017-07-13, London Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alex Henrie Andi Kleen Arjun Shankar Brad Bendily Cameron Wright Carlos O'Donell Darrick J. Wong David Lewis DJ Delorie Douglas Caetano dos Santos Dr. Tobias Quathamer Eric Biggers Ferdinand Thiessen G. Branden Robinson Heinrich Schuchardt Henry Bent Jakub Wilk Janne Snabb Joe Brown Jorge Nerin Kirill Tkhai lilydjwg Long Wang Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Nadav Har'El NeilBrown Pavel Tikhomirov Quentin Rameau Ruben Kerkhof sulit 石井大貴 Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- ioctl_getfsmap.2 Darrick J. Wong Document the GETFSMAP ioctl Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a (disk-based) filesystem. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- namespaces.7 Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk] Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd' chmod.2 Michael Kerrisk Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod() chown.2 Michael Kerrisk When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared Michael Kerrisk Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25 epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via epoll_ctl(). get_mempolicy.2 Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen] SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy() See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051 getpid.2 Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25 Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed. Rationale given in the release notes: https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal ioctl.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2) ioctl_getfsmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Fix ordering of sections Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: order alphabetically madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(), but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX. membarrier.2 Michael Kerrisk Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting mount.2 NeilBrown Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it, uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a per-filesystem flag. So the sections of per-mount-point flags and MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified. open.2 Michael Kerrisk Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2) readv.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2() sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error seccomp.2 Mike Frysinger Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants Michael Kerrisk Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code' Michael Kerrisk TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64 sigaltstack.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack() implementation: if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) return (set_errno(EINVAL)); And in the FreeBSD source we find similar: if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0) return (EINVAL); Michael Kerrisk Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK. And it was not needed :-(. Michael Kerrisk Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them Michael Kerrisk Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss' Michael Kerrisk Some minor reworking of the text Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error splice.2 tee.2 vmsplice.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pipe(7) splice.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10 wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid() acosh.3 asinh.3 atanh.3 Alex Henrie Remove C89 designation. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319 bsd_signal.3 Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26 dl_iterate_phdr.3 Michael Kerrisk dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue. Michael Kerrisk Expand the code example, and show sample output Michael Kerrisk List values for the 'p_type' field dlsym.3 Michael Kerrisk _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions flockfile.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes fpathconf.3 Michael Kerrisk Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail Michael Kerrisk Add an errors section Michael Kerrisk Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED Michael Kerrisk Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details. ftw.3 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736 and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121. getaddrinfo.3 Quentin Rameau Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo() The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h. getcontext.3 Carlos O'Donell Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'. getgrent.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements grantpt.3 ptsname.3 unlockpt.3 Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk] Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24 if_nametoindex.3 Douglas Caetano dos Santos Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex() malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26 nl_langinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l() posix_madvise.3 Dr. Tobias Quathamer Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX. See https://bugs.debian.org/865699 ptsname.3 Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar] Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL rand.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r() resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery() sigpause.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements sigwait.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes strtol.3 Heinrich Schuchardt Mention 0X prefix The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X. See ISO/IEC 9899:1999. sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov] Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details. Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov who noted that the man page falsely said that errno is not changed on a successful return. Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955 Michael Kerrisk Add ERRORS section ttyslot.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix error in feature test macro requirements Michael Kerrisk Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24 Michael Kerrisk Clarify details of use of file unlocked_stdio.3 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes elf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3) nsswitch.conf.5 DJ Delorie Clarify group merge rules This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done, and how duplicate entries are merged. proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996. slabinfo.5 Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin] SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files tmpfs.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2) Michael Kerrisk Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2) Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis] Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8) cgroup_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Add some further explanation of the example shell session Michael Kerrisk Fix a bug in shell session example inode.7 Michael Kerrisk Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK() man.7 G. Branden Robinson Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children pipe.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2) sigevent.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention signal.h header file signal.7 Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg] Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711 Michael Kerrisk read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal (Change was in Linux 3.8.) tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps Ruben Kerkhof Change default value of tcp_frto The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9 (Linux 2.6.24). ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK Carlos O'Donell Expand DT_RUNPATH details. ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details. Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH. The most recent question was here: https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object. Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode Michael Kerrisk Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate paragraph, to make it more obvious. Michael Kerrisk Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for a library to be marked in this way. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add elf(5) Michael Kerrisk Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS Michael Kerrisk Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5). Michael Kerrisk Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ==================== Released: 2017-09-15, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aleksa Sarai Alex Henrie Benjamin Peterson Bjarni Ingi Gislason Cyrill Gorcunov Darrick J. Wong David Wilder Dennis Knorr Don Brace Douglas Caetano dos Santos Elliott Hughes Eugene Syromyatnikov Fabio Scotoni Florian Weimer Jakub Wilk Jason Noakes Jens Axboe Jonas Grabber Kees Cook Konstantin Shemyak Li Zhijian Marko Myllynen Mark Wielaard Meelis Roos Michael Kerrisk Mike Rapoport NeilBrown Otto Ebeling Paul Eggert Rick Jones Sage Weil Sam Varshavchik Sergey Z. Shrikant Giridhar Stephan Müller Sukadev Bhattiprolu Tej Chajed Thiago Jung Bauermann Vincent Bernat Yubin Ruan Ильдар Низамов Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_mutex_consistent.3 Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3) pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3) pthread_mutexattr_init.3 Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3) sysfs.5 Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard] New page documenting the sysfs filesystem Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out over time. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fcntl.2 Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13 Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT. ioctl_tty.2 Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation kcmp.2 Cyrill Gorcunov Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description keyctl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller] Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE New and changed links --------------------- pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3 pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3 pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs Various pages Michael Kerrisk Use consistent markup for code snippets Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE Various pages Michael Kerrisk Use consistent markup for code snippets The preferred form is .PP/.IP .in +4n .EX .EE .in .PP/.IP Various pages Michael Kerrisk Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other than in code examples), since they create large vertical spaces between text blocks. Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason] Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix) Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason. Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason] Use en-dash for ranges Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason. A few pages Michael Kerrisk Fix misordering of sections Michael Kerrisk Fix order of SEE ALSO entries Changes to individual pages --------------------------- ldd.1 Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes add_key.2 backtrace.3 syslog.3 Michael Kerrisk Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries add_key.2 request_key.2 keyrings.7 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update Linux documentation pointers chown.2 Michael Kerrisk Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the kernel version to 4.12. execve.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2) getrandom.2 Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni] SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t' This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source. getrlimit.2 Thiago Jung Bauermann Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE Michael Kerrisk Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size Michael Kerrisk Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA getrlimit.2 mmap.2 malloc.3 Jonas Grabber RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7 get_robust_list.2 Michael Kerrisk Detail the operation of robust futex lists Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2) Michael Kerrisk Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID" Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) ioctl_getfsmap.2 Darrick J. Wong Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag ioctl_userfaultfd.2 Mike Rapoport Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH Mike Rapoport Update uffdio_api.features description There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features space would like to enable. io_submit.2 Sage Weil Acknowledge possibility of short return Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr' if not all iocbs were queued at once. ipc.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add svipc(7) keyctl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3) These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10 Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS Eugene Syromyatnikov Update kernel documentation path reference move_pages.2 Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk] Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13 mprotect.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar] Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code open.2 NeilBrown Improve O_PATH documentation - fstatfs is now permitted. - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with triggering the mount. prctl.2 seccomp.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation prctl.2 ptrace.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation prctl.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation readlink.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes] Fix an off-by-one error in example code seccomp.2 Kees Cook Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.] Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345 set_tid_address.2 Elliott Hughes Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address() socket.2 Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan] socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor _syscall.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE A discussion of the nroff source of the manual page isn't very useful... sysfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers Michael Kerrisk Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program Michael Kerrisk Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7) umount.2 NeilBrown Revise MNT_FORCE description MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block, Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE. unshare.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов] POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG cmsg.3 Sukadev Bhattiprolu Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code Michael Kerrisk Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes) crypt.3 Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk] Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter Konstantin Shemyak Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx Konstantin Shemyak Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional exit.3 Michael Kerrisk Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2) Michael Kerrisk Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes exp2.3 Alex Henrie Remove C89 designation log1p.3 Alex Henrie Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error matherr.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty feature test macro requirements pow10.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10() Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc, starting with version 2.27. sincos.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos() cciss.4 hpsa.4 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos] Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14 During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with some legacy board support. initrd.4 proc.5 bootparam.7 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation initrd.4 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation intro.4 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2) host.conf.5 Michael Kerrisk Add cross-reference to hosts(5) locale.5 Marko Myllynen Refer to existing locales for encoding details Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline. nologin.5 Michael Kerrisk Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful proc.5 Eugene Syromyatnikov Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2, according to historic Linux repository commit log. Eugene Syromyatnikov Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat Eugene Syromyatnikov Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat Eugene Syromyatnikov Document removal of timer_stats file Michael Kerrisk Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns Michael Kerrisk Show command used to mount /proc Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5) Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation Benjamin Peterson Fix path to binfmt_misc docs Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation Eugene Syromyatnikov Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation tzfile.5 Paul Eggert Sync from tzdb upstream This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate. The new version documents version 3 format, among other things. Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file format" section, which should no longer be needed due to improvements in the part of the man page. capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has file capabilities. Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr] Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1) cpuset.7 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation keyrings.7 Eugene Syromyatnikov Document description restriction for logon keys "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated prefix in key descriptions. Eugene Syromyatnikov Add pointers to kernel's documentation Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside security/keys for some reason. man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets netlink.7 David Wilder Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones] Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3) signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined tcp.7 Vincent Bernat tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12 And it is completely broken. unicode.7 Eugene Syromyatnikov Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ==================== Released: 2017-11-27, Paris Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adhemerval Zanella Adrian Bunk Ahmad Fatoum Andrea Arcangeli Bastien Roucaries Breno Leitao Carlos O'Donell Christian Brauner Christoph Hellwig Colm MacCárthaigh Craig Ringer Cristian Rodríguez David Eckardt Don Brace Elliot Hughes Eric W. Biederman Fabio Scotoni Fangrui Song Florian Weimer G. Branden Robinson Goldwyn Rodrigues Grégory Vander Schueren Jakub Wilk Jann Horn Jeff Layton Jens Axboe Jonny Grant Julien Gomes Kees Cook Křištof Želechovski Lennart Poettering Lucas Werkmeister Marcus Folkesson Marin H. Mathieu Desnoyers Matthew Wilcox Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Michał Zegan Mihir Mehta Mike Frysinger Mike Kravetz Mike Rapoport Miklos Szeredi NeilBrown Oliver Ebert Pedro Alves Per Böhlin Peter Zijlstra Petr Malat Petr Uzel Prakash Sangappa Raghavendra D Prabhu Rahul Bedarkar Ram Pai Richard Knutsson Rik van Riel Scott Vokes Seonghun Lim Stas Sergeev Stefan Puiu Thomas Gleixner Tobias Klausmann Tomas Pospisek Tyler Hicks Victor Porton Walter Harms Wesley Aptekar-Cassels Yubin Ruan Zack Weinberg Дилян Палаузов Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pthread_spin_init.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg, Florian Weimer] New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3) pthread_spin_lock.3 Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell] New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3), and pthread_spin_trylock(3). smartpqi.4 Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson] Document the smartpqi SCSI driver veth.4 Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk. Removed pages ------------- infnan.3: Michael Kerrisk This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years ago. Time to remove the man page. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- ioctl_userfaultfd.2 userfaultfd.2 Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport] Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS madvise.2 Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk] Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK Michael Kerrisk Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting membarrier.2 Mathieu Desnoyers Update membarrier manpage for 4.14 Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands: MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED memfd_create.2 Mike Kravetz Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added. readv.2 Christoph Hellwig Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14 seccomp.2 Tyler Hicks Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14 Tyler Hicks Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14 Tyler Hicks Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14 Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS Michael Kerrisk Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text Michael Kerrisk Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14 seccomp.2 proc.5 Tyler Hicks Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14 Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14: /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged. sigaltstack.2 Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev] Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/locks Oliver Ebert Document /proc/kpagecgroup Oliver Ebert Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid New and changed links --------------------- pthread_spin_destroy.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page pthread_spin_trylock.3 pthread_spin_unlock.3 Michael Kerrisk New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64" When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with "x86-64" predominant. Various pages G. Branden Robinson Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.". People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare", to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see"). In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call one is supposed to be comparing. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent Michael Kerrisk Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity Michael Kerrisk Add NOTES heading Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to new veth(4) page Michael Kerrisk Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()" Michael Kerrisk Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL Michael Kerrisk Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call Michael Kerrisk Remove a redundant paragraph connect.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe] Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted flock.2 Michael Kerrisk Move NFS details to a headed subsection Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel] Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing fork.2 Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk] Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK fork.2 getsid.2 setpgid.2 setsid.2 Ahmad Fatoum Include in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t fsync.2 Craig Ringer ERRORS: add ENOSPC getcpu.2 Michael Kerrisk getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO getpid.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add gettid(2) getrandom.2 Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni] ERRORS: add ENOSYS getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes] Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409 gettid.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getpid(2) gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO ioctl_userfaultfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework version information for feature bits io_submit.2 Goldwyn Rodrigues Add iocb details to io_submit Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the io_submit() call. Michael Kerrisk Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2) Michael Kerrisk Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC membarrier.2 Mathieu Desnoyers Update example to take TSO into account The existing example given specifically states that it focus on x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write ordering example, even though this scenario does not require explicit barriers on TSO. So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring barriers on x86. Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead. Mathieu Desnoyers Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system configured for nohz_full. memfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Note the limit for size of 'name' mkdir.2 Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu] ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0 Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in the main text. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2) mremap.2 Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn] Add description of old_size == 0 functionality Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate mapping'. A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a duplicate a private mapping will fail. Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz] BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior for old_size==0 with shared mappings. Michael Kerrisk Reformat EINVAL errors as a list open.2 Michael Kerrisk By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself should require read permission. Michael Kerrisk Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality Michael Kerrisk Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3) Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename Michael Kerrisk Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file Michael Kerrisk Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall Michael Kerrisk Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat() /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname Michael Kerrisk Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page open_by_handle_at.2 NeilBrown Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering] Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint rather than a promise. pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.] Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917 pivot_root.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8) pkey_alloc.2 Breno Leitao Fix argument order Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero. The second argument is the one that should specify the page access rights. ptrace.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1) reboot.2 Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan] Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to wait() in the parent process. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1) recvmmsg.2 sendmmsg.2 Elliot Hughes Type fixes in SYNOPSIS [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.] sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add numactl(8) sched_yield.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra] sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook] Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters Michael Kerrisk Document the "default" filter return action The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter return action values. Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook] Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro, SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added, to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION. Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add strace(1) send.2 Grégory Vander Schueren Add EALREADY to ERRORS setns.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1) shmop.2 Yubin Ruan Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further information about the ucontext argument. Michael Kerrisk Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field sigaltstack.2 Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer Michael Kerrisk Add explicit error handling to example code Michael Kerrisk Add use of sigaction() to example code sigreturn.2 Michael Kerrisk Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel Michael Kerrisk glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS splice.2 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson] Use lstat() instead of stat() It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code, since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and also the S_IFLNK case can also occur. NeilBrown Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT. Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag. statfs.2 Michael Kerrisk Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current Michael Kerrisk Add comments describing a few filesystem types time.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton] Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work" See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183 userfaultfd.2 Mike Rapoport BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK write.2 fsync.2 close.2 NeilBrown [Jeff Layton] Update description of error codes Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported to all file descriptors that might be relevant. Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS in particular. abort.3 Michael Kerrisk Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add assert(3) backtrace_symbols_fd(3) Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms] backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc() daemon.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8) errno.3 Michael Kerrisk Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers Michael Kerrisk Update error list for POSIX.1-2008 POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in POSIX.1-2001. Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3) Michael Kerrisk Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior. Cast the description to be about behavior further away in time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will cause problems with modern C libraries. Michael Kerrisk Add some missing errors Michael Kerrisk Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values) POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather than nonzero. Michael Kerrisk Reorganize the text and add some subheadings Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better readability. No (intentional) content changes. Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels] Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed to add error numbers to the text. Michael Kerrisk Note the also provides the symbolic error names Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems exec.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when PATH is not defined. fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve() Cristian Rodríguez fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available Michael Kerrisk Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2) ffs.3 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll() get_nprocs_conf.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) lround.3 Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt] Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601 makedev.3 Adrian Bunk glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via mallinfo.3 Jakub Wilk Fix the example Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to functions that were declared in this header. malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1) popen.3 Michael Kerrisk Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3) All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen(). pthread_detach.3 Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar] Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate that possible misreading. pthread_yield.3 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra] pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies setlocale.3 Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski] The standards do not specify all of the locale categories sockatmark.3 Seonghun Lim Fix cruft in code example stdio.3 Michael Kerrisk Use proper section cross references in function list Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty reference to pc(1) sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN. system.3 Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system() See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222 Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries] Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized Michael Kerrisk Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs Michael Kerrisk Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh core.5 Michael Kerrisk Add some notes on systemd and core dumps Michael Kerrisk Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0 Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin] RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1) filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai] Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo Oliver Ebert Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap Marcus Folkesson Update description of /proc//oom_score Lucas Werkmeister Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/ Michael Kerrisk Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid shells.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8) sysfs.5 Michael Kerrisk Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel Michael Kerrisk Add a brief description of /sys/class/net Michael Kerrisk Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm Michael Kerrisk Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing Michael Kerrisk Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages arp.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add arpd(8) capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add captest(8) epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation fifo.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs hier.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7) icmp.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8) man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64" G. Branden Robinson Add a use case for real minus character namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to new veth(4) page Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2) pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add reboot(2) Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial PID namespaces. pthreads.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3) socket.7 Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann] Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL standards.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3) user_namespaces.7 Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk] Document new 340 line idmap limit ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan] Simplify language around conferring capabilities The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities" to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process". ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ==================== Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Liddell Andrea Parri Andries E. Brouwer Elie Roudninski Eric Benton Florian Weimer G. Branden Robinson Jakub Wilk Joel Williamson John Hubbard Jorgen Hansen Keno Fischer Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko NeilBrown Nikola Forró Nikolay Borisov Pradeep Kumar QingFeng Hao Ricardo Biehl Pasquali roblabla Roman Gushchin Shawn Landden Stefan Hajnoczi Stefan Raspl Tejun Heo Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- s390_sthyi.2 QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk] New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) network_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk New page describing network namespaces Based on content moved from namespaces(7) vsock.7 Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk] Document the VSOCK socket address family Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] Document cgroups v2 "thread mode" Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option Michael Kerrisk Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files Michael Kerrisk Document 'release_agent' mount option Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin] Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file Global changes -------------- Various pages G. Branden Robinson Standardize on "nonzero" Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7). Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bpf.2 Nikolay Borisov Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel copy_file_range.2 Michael Kerrisk Library support was added in glibc 2.27 Shawn Landden glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent Florian Weimer EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2) Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EISDIR Michael Kerrisk Order ERRORS alphabetically Michael Kerrisk Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2) fcntl.2 read.2 write.2 NeilBrown Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO. If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least. memfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27 mlock.2 Michael Kerrisk Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit Michael Kerrisk glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27 mmap.2 John Hubbard [Michael Hocko] MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged". John Hubbard MAP_FIXED updated documentation -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in enough detail to allow avoiding them. -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag. -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly. mount.2 Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk] Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts mprotect.2 pkey_alloc.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27 perf_event_open.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add perf(1) pkey_alloc.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag recvmmsg.2 sendmmsg.2 Nikola Forró Point out that error handling is unreliable seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8 errno.3 Michael Kerrisk 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description Michael Kerrisk Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM fgetpwent.3 Michael Kerrisk Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble fts.3 Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar] fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name) fuse.4 Michael Kerrisk Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes) veth.4 Michael Kerrisk Add network_namespaces(7) sysfs.5 Michael Kerrisk Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets. Michael Kerrisk Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS. Michael Kerrisk Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary capabilities on a file. Michael Kerrisk Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and effective sets. Michael Kerrisk Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description * Mention kernel versions. * Place current kernel behavior first Michael Kerrisk SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set Michael Kerrisk Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies Michael Kerrisk Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems Michael Kerrisk Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation Michael Kerrisk Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file Michael Kerrisk Add list of currently available version 2 controllers Nikolay Borisov Add information about RDMA controller Michael Kerrisk Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules Michael Kerrisk systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem Michael Kerrisk Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only Michael Kerrisk Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1 Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo] Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control ip.7 Ricardo Biehl Pasquali INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr' Michael Kerrisk s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl() INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not byte-order neutral. namespaces.7 network_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7) pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7) sched.7 Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri] Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new priority depends on the direction of movement in priority. (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of pthread_setschedprio().) user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation ==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ==================== Released: 2018-04-30, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Borowski Andy Owen Carlos O'Donell Carsten Grohmann Elvira Khabirova Enrique Garcia Frederic Brault Heinrich Schuchardt Howard Johnson Jakub Wilk Jan Kara Jann Horn John Hubbard Jürg Billeter Konstantin Grinemayer Konstantin Khlebnikov Martin Mares Mathieu Desnoyers Mattias Andrée Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Frysinger Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos Robin Kuzmin Ross Zwisler Rusty Russell Serge E. Hallyn Song Liu Tomi Salminen Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- membarrier.2 Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk] Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16 Document the following membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16: MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an alias to preserve header backward compatibility) MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE mmap.2 Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk] Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn] Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows the caller to atomically probe for a given address range. readv.2 io_submit.2 Jürg Billeter Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16 capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe file capability versioning Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn] Document namespaced-file capabilities [There's still more work to be done on this new text] Changes to individual pages --------------------------- bpf.2 Michael Kerrisk Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF And note kernel version numbers where support is added. Michael Kerrisk Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and forces bpf_jit_enable to 1. execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out explicitly. Michael Kerrisk More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph fallocate.2 Michael Kerrisk Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE getrlimit.2 Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace* io_submit.2 Michael Kerrisk Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags Michael Kerrisk Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order mmap.2 Jann Horn MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't be used otherwise. Michael Kerrisk Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES This text has become rather long, making it somewhat unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore, move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring the reader to NOTES. Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt] Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned Michael Kerrisk Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE mount.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice Michael Kerrisk Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4. msgget.2 semget.2 shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0 could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function open.2 Jann Horn Document more -ETXTBSY conditions Jakub Wilk Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code perf_event_open.2 Song Liu Add type kprobe and uprobe Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds information about these types. ptrace.2 Jann Horn Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become harder to understand. readv.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant sentence seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers, which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs. Michael Kerrisk Note which architectures support seccomp BPF Michael Kerrisk In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT shutdown.2 Carsten Grohmann SEE ALSO: add close(2) syscall.2 Adam Borowski Add riscv wait.2 Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process) wait4.2 Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares] Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4() These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215 crypt.3 encrypt.3 Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk] Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to libxcrypt. fseek.3 Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen] ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE Michael Kerrisk Improve EPIPE error text getcwd.3 Carlos O'Donell Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27. makedev.3 Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.28, no longer defines these macros pthread_create.3 Frederic Brault Note default thread stack size for several architectures tsearch.3 Jann Horn Clarify items vs nodes The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a pointer to a pointer to the data item. Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying sentence. Jann Horn tdelete() can return dangling pointers POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node. Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers that must not be accessed. elf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1) filesystems.5 Michael Kerrisk Add an entry for tmpfs(5) group.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vigr(8) passwd.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add vipw(8) sysfs.5 Michael Kerrisk Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs tmpfs.5 Mike Frysinger Document current mount options Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page. Style was based on proc(5) sections. Michael Kerrisk Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options The mount options are now described in this page. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt Michael Kerrisk Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists Michael Kerrisk Describe 'mpol' mount options Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt. Michael Kerrisk Document 'huge' mount options Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2) Michael Kerrisk Document mpol=local mount option capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov] Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID should be compared. This point was already made clear in ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page. Michael Kerrisk Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment. network_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace Michael Kerrisk Add cross reference to unix(7) For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets. posixoptions.7 Carlos O'Donell Expand XSI Options groups We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups. The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing, streams, and legacy interfaces. Michael Kerrisk Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists Michael Kerrisk Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered. socket.7 Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen] Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet The last argument is passed by value, not reference. time.7 Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia] Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday() gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell] ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS vdso.7 Michael Kerrisk VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters xattr.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add selinux(8) ld.so.8 Mike Frysinger Make lack of separator escaping explicit Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods (such as \:) to workaround it. Michael Kerrisk Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text. ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ==================== Released: 2019-03-06, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Manzanares Alan Jenkins Alec Leamas Alessandro Vesely Alexander E. Patrakov Allison Randal Amir Goldstein Anatoly Borodin Andreas Gruenbacher Andreas Westfeld Andrei Vagin Andrew Price Anthony Iliopoulos Antonio Chirizzi Antonio Ospite Arkadiusz Drabczyk Balbir Singh Benjamin Peterson Bernd Petrovitsch bert hubert Bjarni Ingi Gislason Burkhard Lück Carlos O'Donell Claudio Scordino Daniel Borkmann Daniel Kamil Kozar Davidlohr Bueso Davidlohr Bueso David Newall Dmitry V. Levin Elliot Hughes Elvira Khabirova Emil Fihlman Enrico Scholz Eric Benton Eric Sanchis Eugene Syromiatnikov Eugene Syromyatnikov Felipe Gasper Florian Weimer Frank Theile G. Branden Robinson Goldwyn Rodrigues Goldwyn Rodrigues Göran Häggsjö Harry Mallon Heinrich Schuchardt Heiko Carstens Helge Deller Henry Wilson Hiroya Ito Howard Johnson Ian Turner Ignat Loskutov Ingo Schwarze Jakub Wilk James Weigle Jann Horn Jann Horn Jason A. Donenfeld Jeff Moyer Jens Thoms Toerring Joe Lawrence Johannes Altmanninger Johannes Liebermann Jonny Grant Joseph C. Sible Joseph Sible Josh Gao Josh Triplett Kees Cook Keith Thompson Keno Fischer Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk Konst Mayer Leah Hanson Lucas De Marchi Lucas Werkmeister Luka Macan Marc-André Lureau Marcus Gelderie Marcus Gelderie Marko Myllynen Mark Schott Matthew Bobrowski Matthew Kilgore Mattias Engdegård Mauro Carvalho Chehab Michael Becker Michael Kerrisk Michael Witten Michal Hocko Mihir Mehta Mike Frysinger Mike Frysinger Mike Rapoport Mike Weilgart Nadav Har'El Nick Gregory Niklas Hambüchen Nikola Forró nixiaoming Oded Elisha Paul Eggert Paul Millar Philip Dumont Pierre Chifflier Quentin Monnet Radostin Stoyanov Robert O'Callahan Robert P. J. Day Robin Kuzmin ruschein Sam Varshavchik Sean Young Shawn Landden Simone Piccardi snyh Solal Pirelli Stan Schwertly Stephan Knauss Szabolcs Nagy Thomas Posch Tobias Klauser Troy Engel Tycho Andersen Tycho Kirchner Vince Weaver Wang Nan William Kucharski Xiao Yang Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- s390_guarded_storage.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call address_families.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] New page that contains details of socket address families There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into a new page instead. bpf-helpers.7 Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet] Add new man page for eBPF helper functions (autogenerated from kernel source files) Removed Pages ------------- mdoc.7 mdoc.samples.7 Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze] Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7) groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup. Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fanotify_init.2 fanotify.7 nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk] Document FAN_REPORT_TID fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID fanotify.7: update description of member pid in struct fanotify_event_metadata Amir Goldstein Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem. Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein] Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM io_submit.2 Adam Manzanares Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO msgctl.2 semctl.2 shmctl.2 Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk] Document STAT_ANY commands prctl.2 Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk] Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL sched_setattr.2 Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk] Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM socket.2 Tobias Klauser Document AF_XDP Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18. inotify.7 Henry Wilson Document IN_MASK_CREATE unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Document SO_PASSSEC Michael Kerrisk Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data New and changed links --------------------- reallocarray.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to malloc(3) precedence.7 Josh Triplett Add as a redirect to operator.7 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson] Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson] Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations Various pages Michael Kerrisk Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description" Various pages Mike Rapoport Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files A few pages Michael Kerrisk Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0' Changes to individual pages --------------------------- iconv.1 Marko Myllynen SEE ALSO: add uconv(1) localedef.1 Howard Johnson Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect time.1 Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger] Document the -q/--quiet option Jakub Wilk Update bug reporting address bpf.2 Tobias Klauser Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18 JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle. Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported). Oded Elisha Fix bug in example Quentin Monnet SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7) capget.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated. Michael Kerrisk Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7) chroot.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention /proc/[pid]/root clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of threads and signals The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2), but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel. Jann Horn Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation Michael Kerrisk Clarify the discussion of threads and signals And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and "thread-directed" signals. Eugene Syromyatnikov Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS connect.2 Benjamin Peterson Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Use the term "interest list" consistently epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list Michael Kerrisk Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors eventfd.2 Michael Kerrisk Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page fcntl.2 Michael Kerrisk Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less (sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity. Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present Michael Kerrisk Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock' futex.2 Benjamin Peterson Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins getcpu.2 Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk] getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019. getgid.2 getpid.2 getuid.2 pipe.2 syscall.2 Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Describe 2nd return value peculiarity Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this. getgroups.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL) getrlimit.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail Michael Kerrisk Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here. Eugene Syromyatnikov Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures gettid.2 Michael Kerrisk Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30 gettimeofday.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday() gettimeofday.2 clock_getres.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring] ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock getxattr.2 removexattr.2 setxattr.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz] ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995 inotify_add_watch.2 Paul Millar Add IN_ONLYDIR based error Henry Wilson Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE io_submit.2 Jeff Moyer Fix the description of aio_data aio_data is not a kernel-internal field. madvise.2 Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen] MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior memfd_create.2 Marc-André Lureau Update hugetlb file-sealing support Lucas De Marchi Fix header for memfd_create() Joseph C. Sible _GNU_SOURCE is required mmap.2 Elliott Hughes Explicitly state that the fd can be closed Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski] Fix description of treatment of the hint The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free space close to the requested address, but that's not the case. mount.2 Michael Kerrisk Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags Michael Kerrisk MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type Michael Kerrisk Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon] Document EROFS for read-only filesystems See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount Michael Kerrisk Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT Michael Kerrisk Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide a helpful clue here. Michael Kerrisk Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount Michael Kerrisk EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2) msgop.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error nfsservctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists open.2 Lucas Werkmeister Document ENXIO for sockets Michael Kerrisk Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices Eugene Syromiatnikov Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition O_RSYNC is defined in on HP PA-RISC, but is not used anyway. Eugene Syromiatnikov Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers Andrew Price Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT. Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select perf_event_open.2 Vince Weaver [Wang Nan] Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7. Vince Weaver Fix wording in multiplexing description Vince Weaver Clarify exclude_idle Vince Weaver Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl Vince Weaver Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl Vince Weaver Fix prctl behavior description pivot_root.2 Elvira Khabirova Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8) Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible] Document EINVAL if root is rootfs pkey_alloc.2 Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy] Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK posix_fadvise.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64 prctl.2 Benjamin Peterson PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired Michael Kerrisk Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn] Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent Michael Kerrisk Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability Michael Kerrisk Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid filed contains the PID of the terminating parent. Michael Kerrisk Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set (However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have manual pages...) Michael Kerrisk Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set ptrace.2 Dmitry V. Levin Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work Jann Horn BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero readdir.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition readv.2 Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer] Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag rename.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2() Tobias Klauser Add feature test macro for renameat2() The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and requires _GNU_SOURCE. Eugene Syromiatnikov Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk] Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support Michael Kerrisk Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE Tobias Klauser renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) s390_runtime_instr.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability s390_sthyi.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens] Some minor additions sched_setattr.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE sched_setparam.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process) seccomp.2 Michael Kerrisk (Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1) select.2 Michael Kerrisk BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi] Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror()) setgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces setns.2 Michael Kerrisk When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace Michael Kerrisk Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace Michael Kerrisk Some text restructuring and reordering set_thread_area.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific Eugene Syromyatnikov Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS setuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces sigaction.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument sigsuspend.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread* socket.2 Michael Kerrisk Remove references to external docs This information is all in the new address_families(7) Michael Kerrisk Add cross reference to address_families(7) Eugene Syromyatnikov Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention Michael Kerrisk Simplify list of address families Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7) Nikola Forró Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP All address families are now documented in address_families.7. Michael Kerrisk Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list The list of address families in this page is still overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it. The removed entries are all in address_families(7). Michael Kerrisk Remove a few obsolete protocols Documentation for these remains in address_families(7) socketpair.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2) Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1. stat.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely] ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789 Benjamin Peterson SEE ALSO: add statx(2) statx.2 Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk] statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2) syscall.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Elaborate x32 ABI specifics snyh Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture Helge Deller parisc needs care with syscall parameters Michael Kerrisk Rework table to render within 80 columns syscalls.2 Eugene Syromyatnikov Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir() As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64, as noted later in the page. Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Update syscall table Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl, atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint, clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls, getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid, getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls, metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount, or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache, sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot, sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext, switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd, usr26, usr32, xtensa. Uncommented: memory_ordering Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext). Eugene Syromyatnikov Note about s390x and old_mmap Michael Kerrisk Add s390_guarded_storage(2) Michael Kerrisk Update syscall list for Linux 4.18 Eugene Syromyatnikov Note that not all architectures return errno negated Helge Deller parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX Michael Kerrisk Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden] Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2) Tycho Andersen Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has previously been unshared. ustat.2 Michael Kerrisk Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function vmsplice.2 Andrei Vagin Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Add some cross references to core(5) write.2 Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El] RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961 Goldwyn Rodrigues Add details on partial direct I/O writes alloca.3 Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released bsd_signal.3 Xiao Yang Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE bstring.3 Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman] Correct argument list for memmem() prototype cmsg.3 Michael Kerrisk Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR() Michael Kerrisk Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7). Michael Kerrisk Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL Michael Kerrisk Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code des_crypt.3 encrypt.3 Michael Kerrisk The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28 dlsym.3 Michael Kerrisk Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL errno.3 Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day] Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package exec.3 Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call exit.3 Mike Frysinger Note wider sysexits.h availability ferror.3 Elliot Hughes Warn about closing the result of fileno() fnmatch.3 Elliott Hughes Clarify "shell wildcard pattern" getaddrinfo.3 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis] Fix off-by-one error in example client program getcwd.3 Michael Kerrisk Rework text on use of getcwd() system call Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present. Michael Kerrisk Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions Michael Kerrisk Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd() getmntent.3 Elliot Hughes Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose() isatty.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL. lockf.3 Ian Turner ERRORS: add EINTR malloc.3 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki Michael Kerrisk Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments Michael Kerrisk Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file. pthread_attr_init.3 Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk] Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3 Carlos O'Donell Remove bug notes pthread_setname_np.3 Jakub Wilk Explain _np suffix Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np" suffix is because these functions are non-portable. putenv.3 Michael Kerrisk Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable resolver.3 Michael Becker Add documentation of res_nclose() strcmp.3 Heinrich Schuchardt Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware strcpy.3 Matthew Kilgore Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile] Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes) strfry.3 Keith Thompson Remove incorrect reference to rand(3) string.3 strlen.3 strnlen.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Use 'bytes' not 'characters' This is in line with POSIX terminology. system.3 Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant] Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0' Michael Kerrisk Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2) Arkadiusz Drabczyk Mention that 'errno' is set on error termios.3 Eugene Syromyatnikov Note an XTABS alpha issue trunc.3 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson] Make the description a little clearer Michael Kerrisk Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number xcrypt.3 Jason A. Donenfeld Warn folks not to use these functions lirc.4 Sean Young Fix broken link Sean Young Document error returns more explicitly Sean Young lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab] Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented Sean Young Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY Sean Young LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE Sean Young Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT) Now all ioctls are documented. Sean Young Timeout reports are enabled by default Sean Young Some devices are send only Sean Young Update SEE ALSO Sean Young LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported No driver ever supported such a thing. Michael Kerrisk Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT tty.4 Michael Witten Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section vcs.4 Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten] Fix broken example code core.5 Michael Kerrisk Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned filesystems.5 Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention sysfs(2) host.conf.5 Nikola Forró Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed proc.5 Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont] Document /proc/[tid] See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441 Michael Kerrisk Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan] Correct description of NStgid Lucas Werkmeister Document fdinfo format for timerfd Stephan Knauss Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend Michael Kerrisk Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1) fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend. Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field Michael Kerrisk Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj Michael Kerrisk Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field Michael Kerrisk Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo. Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0' Michael Kerrisk Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options Michael Kerrisk Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces Elvira Khabirova Describe ambiguities in /proc//maps Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory] Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps Nikola Forró Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field Alan Jenkins Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4) Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk] Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ Michael Kerrisk Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field Michael Kerrisk Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation Michael Kerrisk /proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15 resolv.conf.5 Nikola Forró Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option tzfile.5 Paul Eggert Sync from tzdb upstream capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3 security.capability extended attribute. Michael Kerrisk Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved Michael Kerrisk Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty for the purpose of the capability transition calculations. Michael Kerrisk Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules Michael Kerrisk Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root" Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0 (root). Marcus Gelderie Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values. Marcus Gelderie Mention header for SECBIT constants Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others) are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header is included. Michael Kerrisk Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal] Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard Michael Kerrisk CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier] Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode Michael Kerrisk Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs Michael Kerrisk Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root" section, and correct a couple of details: * If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec, the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities if the file effective bit is set. * Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities if the binary does not also have attached capabilities. Michael Kerrisk Update URL for libcap tarballs The previous location does not seem to be getting updated. (For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26 had been out for two months, but was not present at http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs. Michael Kerrisk Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted, effective, and inheritable process capability sets. Michael Kerrisk Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS Michael Kerrisk Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2) Add background details on ambient and bounding set when discussing capability transformations during execve(2). Michael Kerrisk Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option cgroup_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel] Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047 cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the v2 'cpu' controller. Michael Kerrisk Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies This feature was added in Linux 5.0. Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart] Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate' https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029 Michael Kerrisk Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1 Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson] Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded". Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible. Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie] Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1 Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental feature. epoll.7 Michael Kerrisk Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list" Michael Kerrisk Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set" Michael Kerrisk Reformat Q&A list Michael Kerrisk Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken up when a file descriptor becomes ready. Michael Kerrisk Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors. feature_test_macros.7 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld] Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header inotify.7 Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar] Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR. ip.7 Bert Hubert IP_RECVTTL error fixed I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer. man.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7) mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8) namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk List factors that may pin a namespace into existence Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it has no member processes. Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner] Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces Michael Kerrisk Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8) pid_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child). Michael Kerrisk Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty until the first child is created. Verified by experiment. Michael Kerrisk Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once sched.7 Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1) Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1) signal.7 Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin] Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread* Helge Deller Add signal numbers for parisc Michael Kerrisk Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces readability, and would require more table splits if future standards specify other signals. Michael Kerrisk Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently are in the second subfield in the signal number lists. Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most common architectures are first in the list. Michael Kerrisk Place signal numbers in a separate table The current tables of signal information are unwieldy, as they try to cram in too much information. Michael Kerrisk Insert standards info into tables Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add clone(2) socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add address_families(7) socket.7 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7) This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so place it in unix(7). tcp.7 udp.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS The existing description is rather thin. More can be said. Michael Kerrisk There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253). Michael Kerrisk Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper] Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages Michael Kerrisk If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed Michael Kerrisk One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data Michael Kerrisk Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket Michael Kerrisk When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent Michael Kerrisk Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values Michael Kerrisk Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL Michael Kerrisk Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small Michael Kerrisk Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with "associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible. vdso.7 Helge Deller Fix parisc gateway page description ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall] Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30 Michael Kerrisk Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath Michael Kerrisk Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order Michael Kerrisk LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order zdump.8 Paul Eggert Sync from tzdb upstream zic.8 Paul Eggert Sync from tzdb upstream ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.01 ==================== Released: 2019-05-09, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Abhinav Upadhyay Andreas Korb Anisse Astier Brice Goglin Carlos O'Donell Dr. Jürgen Sauermann Egmont Koblinger Elias Benali Elliot Hughes Florian Weimer Hugues Evrard Jakub Nowak Jakub Wilk Keegan Saunders Lucas Werkmeister Marcus Huewe Michael Kerrisk Michael Witten Seth Troisi Slavomir Kaslev Vincent Lefevre Wladimir Mutel Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- tsearch.3 Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk] Document the twalk_r() function added in glibc 2.30 New and changed links --------------------- twalk_r.3 Michael Kerrisk New link to twalk(3) page Changes to individual pages --------------------------- accept.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'addrlen' is left unchanged in the event of an error See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=836. bpf.2 Michael Kerrisk Update kernel version info for JIT compiler clone.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Nowak] CLONE_CHILD_SETTID has effect before clone() returns *in the child* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID may not have had effect by the time clone() returns in the parent, which could be relevant if the CLONE_VM flag is employed. The relevant kernel code is in schedule_tail(), which is called in ret_from_fork() in the child. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203105 execve.2 exec.3 Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann] Consistently use the term 'pathname' (not 'path') execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that stack+environ size is also limited to 3/4 of _STK_LIM In fs/exec.c::prepare_arg_pages(), we have: limit = _STK_LIM / 4 * 3; limit = min(limit, bprm->rlim_stack.rlim_cur / 4); Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann] SEE ALSO: refer to exec(3) (rather than execl(3)) pipe.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'pipefd' is left unchanged in the event of an error See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=467. sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk [Brice Goglin] Correct details of return value of sched_getaffinity() syscall setfsgid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid() for details Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid(2) for the rationale of the fsGID rather than repeating the same details in this page. setfsuid.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite for improved clarity and to hint history more explicitly The current text reads somewhat clumsily. Rewrite it to introduce the eUID and fsUID in parallel, and more clearly hint at the historical rationale for the fsUID, which is detailed lower in the page. socketpair.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that 'sv' is left unchanged in the event of an error See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=483. splice.2 Slavomir Kaslev EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Korb] Remove crufty text about i386 syscall dispatch table The removed text long ago ceased to be accurate. Nowadays, the dispatch table is autogenerated when building the kernel (via the kernel makefile, arch/x86/entry/syscalls/Makefile). tee.2 Slavomir Kaslev EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors fopen.3 Elliot Hughes Explain BSD vs glibc "a+" difference Where is the initial read position for an "a+" stream? POSIX leaves this unspecified. Most BSD man pages are silent, and MacOS has the ambiguous "The stream is positioned at the end of the file", not differentiating between reads and writes other than to say that fseek(3) does not affect writes. glibc's documentation explicitly specifies that the initial read position is the beginning of the file. mallinfo.3 Elliott Hughes Further discourage use of mallinfo() The BUGS section already explains why you need to be cautious about using mallinfo, but given the number of bug reports we see on Android, it seems not many people are reading that far. Call it out up front. malloc_trim.3 Carlos O'Donell Update trimming information Since glibc 2.8, commit 68631c8eb92, the malloc_trim function has iterated over all arenas and free'd back to the OS all page runs that were free. This allows an application to call malloc_trim to consolidate fragmented chunks and free back any pages it can to potentially reduce RSS usage. posix_memalign.3 Elliot Hughes Some functions set errno True of bionic, glibc, and musl. (I didn't check elsewhere.) resolver.3 Michael Kerrisk [Wladimir Mutel] Mention that some functions set 'h_errno' stdarg.3 Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre] Remove the NOTES section describing the ancient varargs macros stdarg.h is now 30 years old, and gcc long ago (2004) ceased to implement . There seems little value in keeping this text. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202907 Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger] Add a note that "..." in function signature means a variadic function Egmont suggested adding this, because the string "..." appears at several other points in the page, but just to indicate that some text is omitted from example code. strerror.3 Jakub Wilk Don't discuss buffer size for strerror_l() Unlike strerror_r(), strerror_l() doesn't take buffer length as an argument. strtol.3 strtoul.3 Jakub Wilk SEE ALSO: add strtoimax(3), strtoumax(3) sysconf.3 Michael Kerrisk [Hugues Evrard] Clearly note that _SC_PAGESIZE and _SC_PAGE_SIZE are synonyms tsearch.3 Florian Weimer Do not use const arguments in twalk() callback The const specifier is not part of the prototype (it only applies to the implementation), so showing it here confuses the reader. Michael Kerrisk SYNOPSIS: add missing definition of 'VISIT' type Michael Kerrisk Reformat twalk() and twalk_r() prototypes for easier readability console_codes.4 Jakub Wilk Document that \e[1;n] and \e[2;n] support 16 colors Source: setterm_command() in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c elf.5 Michael Kerrisk [Keegan Saunders] A data segment does not have PF_X proc.5 Michael Witten [Anisse Astier] Add missing Inode field to /proc/net/unix hostname.7 Florian Weimer HOSTALIASES/search path processing is DNS-specific Other NSS modules do not necessarily honor these settings. inode.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that timestamp fields measure time starting at the Epoch Michael Kerrisk Timestamp fields are structures that include a nanosecond component Michael Kerrisk Add references to execve(2) to describe set-UID/set-GID behaviors ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.02 ==================== Released: 2019-08-02, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alan Stern Alexey Izbyshev Amir Goldstein Cyrill Gorcunov Eric Sanchis Eugene Syromyatnikov Finn O'Leary Florian Weimer G. Branden Robinson Guillaume Laporte Jakub Wilk Jan Kara Kumar Chaudhary, Naveen Mark Wielaard Matthew Bobrowski Matthew Kenigsberg Matthias Hertel Michael Kerrisk Michal Sekletar Oleg Nesterov Palmer Dabbelt Petr Vaněk Sami Kerola Shawn Landden Thorsten Glaser Tobias Klauser Tomas Skäre Yang Xu Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- fanotify.7 fanotify_init.2 fanotify_mark.2 Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara] Document FAN_REPORT_FID and directory modification events vdso.7 Tobias Klauser [Palmer Dabbelt] Document vDSO for RISCV Renamed pages ------------- sysvipc.7 svipc(7) is renamed to sysvipc(7). The name sysvipc is a bit more natural, and is the name used in /proc/sysvipc. New and changed links --------------------- svipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Add old name of sysvipc(7) page as a link Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Change reference to svipc(7) to sysvipc(7) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- pldd.1 G. Branden Robinson [Michael Kerrisk] Document glibc's unbreakage of tool After a longstanding breakage, pldd now works again (glibc 2.30). bpf.2 Michael Kerrisk Correct kernel version for JIT support on s390 chdir.2 Michael Kerrisk Add ENOTDIR error for fchdir() execve.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov] Since Linux 5.1, the limit on the #! line is 255 chars (rather than 127) Shawn Landden [Michael Kerrisk] Add more detail about Shebangs Michael Kerrisk Linux is not alone in ignoring the set-UID and set-GID bits for scripts mount.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: Add a couple of EINVAL errors for MS_MOVE Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add chroot(2) and pivot_root(2) mprotect.2 Mark Wielaard pkey_mprotect() acts like mprotect() if pkey is set to -1, not 0 mprotect.2 pkey_alloc.2 Mark Wielaard [Florian Weimer] _GNU_SOURCE is required for the pkey functions. pivot_root.2 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: EINVAL occurs if 'new_root' or its parent has shared propagation Michael Kerrisk 'new_root' must be a mount point It appears that 'new_root' may not have needed to be a mount point on ancient kernels, but already in Linux 2.4.5 this changed. Michael Kerrisk 'put_old' can't be a mount point with MS_SHARED propagation Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add mount(2) poll.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alan Stern] Note that poll() equivalent code for ppoll() is not quite equivalent prctl.2 Yang Xu [Cyrill Gorcunov] Correct some details for PR_SET_TIMERSLACK setxattr.2 Finn O'Leary [Michael Kerrisk] Add ERANGE to 'ERRORS' section tkill.2 Michael Kerrisk glibc 2.30 provides a wrapper for tgkill() dlopen.3 Michael Kerrisk Clarify the rules for symbol resolution in a dlopen'ed object The existing text wrongly implied that symbol look up first occurred in the object and then in main, and did not mention whether dependencies of main where used for symbol resolution. Michael Kerrisk Clarify when an executable's symbols can be used for symbol resolution The --export-dynamic linker option is not the only way that main's global symbols may end up in the dynamic symbol table and thus be used to satisfy symbol reference in a shared object. A symbol may also be placed into the dynamic symbol table if ld(1) notices a dependency in another object during the static link. Michael Kerrisk An object opened with RTLD_LOCAL can be promoted to RTLD_GLOBAL Michael Kerrisk Note that symbol use might keep a dlclose'd object in memory Michael Kerrisk On dlclose(), destructors are called when reference count falls to 0 Michael Kerrisk Make it clear that RTLD_NODELETE also affects global variables Michael Kerrisk Clarify that constructors are called only when library is first loaded exec.3 Matthew Kenigsberg Explain function groupings I've found the exec man page quite difficult to read when trying to find the behavior for a specific function. Since the names of the functions are inline and the order of the descriptions isn't clear, it's hard to find which paragraphs apply to each function. I thought it would be much easier to read if the grouping based on letters is stated. getutent.3 Michael Kerrisk [Thorsten Glaser] Fix missing include file in EXAMPLE See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=932382 on_exit.3 Michael Kerrisk [Sami Kerola] Stack variables may be out of scope when exit handler is invoked strcat.3 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis] Fix off-by-one error in example code cpuid.4 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add cpuid(1) elf.5 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ld.so(8) proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Correct description of /proc/PID/status 'ShdPnd' and 'SigPnd' fields These fields are signal masks, not counters. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that various mask fields in /proc/PID/status are in hexadecimal capabilities.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a note about using strace on binaries that have capabilities Michael Kerrisk Add pivot_root(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN list Michael Kerrisk CAP_FOWNER also allows modifying user xattrs on sticky directories cgroup_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Some wording fixes to improve clarity Michael Kerrisk In the example shell session, give second shell a different prompt credentials.7 Michael Kerrisk Note that /proc/PID/status shows a process's credentials Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add tcgetsid(3) fanotify.7 Matthew Bobrowski Reword FAN_REPORT_FID data structure inclusion semantics Michael Kerrisk Clarify logic in ESTALE check Michael Kerrisk Reorder text in EXAMPLE Michael Kerrisk Reformat program output to fit in 80 columns mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Clarify implications for other NS if mount point is removed in one NS If a mount point is deleted or renamed or removed in one mount namespace, this will cause an object that is mounted at that location in another mount namespace to be unmounted (as verified by experiment). This was implied by the existing text, but it is better to make this detail explicit. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2), pivot_root(8) namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Note initial values of hostname and domainname in a new UTS namespace sched.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pthread_getschedparam(3) signal.7 Michal Sekletar [Oleg Nesterov, Michael Kerrisk] Clarify that siginfo_t isn't changed on coalescing Michael Kerrisk Various fields in /proc/PID/status show signal-related information Michael Kerrisk Add subsection on queuing and delivery semantics for standard signals socket.7 Michael Kerrisk select()/poll()/epoll honor SO_RCVLOWAT since Linux 2.6.28 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk Note SCM_RIGHTS interaction with RLIMIT_NOFILE If the file descriptors received in SCM_RIGHTS would cause the process to its exceed RLIMIT_NOFILE limit, the excess FDs are discarded. user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Describe the effect of file-related capabilities inside user namespaces Michael Kerrisk Describe how kernel treats UIDs/GIDs when a process accesses files vdso.7 Tobias Klauser Mention removal of Blackfin port in Linux 4.17 ld.so.8 Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Hertel] Note some further details of secure-execution mode Note some further details of the treatment of environment variables in secure execution mode. In particular (as noted by Matthias Hertel), note that ignored environment variables are also stripped from the environment. Furthermore, there are some other variables, not used by the dynamic linker itself, that are also treated in this way (see the glibc source file sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h). ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.03 ==================== Released: 2019-10-11, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Borowski Aleksa Sarai Alexey Budankov Amir Goldstein Andrew Clayton Carlos O'Donell Christian Brauner Christopher M. Riedl Daniel Colascione Dave Carroll Dave Chinner Дилян Палаузов Dmitry V. Levin Don Brace eponymous alias Eric Biggers Eric W. Biederman Florian Weimer Florin Blanaru Gilbert Wu Ingo Schwarze Jakub Wilk Kevin Barnett Marko Myllynen Matti Moell Matti Möll Matt Perricone Michael Kerrisk Mike Frysinger Murthy Bhat Nikola Forró nilsocket Paul Wise Philipp Wendler Raphael Moreira Zinsly Rasmus Villemoes Reid Priedhorsky Rick Stanley Rob Landley Scott Benesh Scott Teel Shawn Anastasio Simone Piccardi Vincent Lefevre Yang Xu Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- pidfd_open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Florian Weimer, Daniel Colascione] New page documenting pidfd_open(2) pidfd_send_signal.2 Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Christian Brauner] New page documenting pidfd_send_signal(2) pivot_root.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Reid Priedhorsky, Philipp Wendler] This page has been completely rewritten, adding a lot of missing details (including the use of pivot_root(".", ".")) and an example program. In addition, the text prevaricating on whether or not pivot_root() might change the root and current working directories has been eliminated, and replaced with a simple description of the behavior of the system call, which has not changed for 19 years, and will not change in the future. Many longstanding errors in the old version of the page have also been corrected. ipc_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk New page with content migrated from namespaces(7) uts_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk New page with content migrated from namespaces(7) Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_PIDFD Add an entry for CLONE_PIDFD. This flag is available starting with kernel 5.2. If specified, a process file descriptor ("pidfd") referring to the child process will be returned in the ptid argument. fanotify_mark.2 Jakub Wilk Document FAN_MOVE_SELF ptrace.2 Dmitry V. Levin [Michael Kerrisk] Document PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO regex.3 Rob Landley Document REG_STARTEND New and changed links --------------------- res_nclose.3 Michael Kerrisk Add NEW link to resolver.3 Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: correct list order Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove section number from references to function in its own page Various pages Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: correct alphabetical order Changes to individual pages --------------------------- localedef.1 Marko Myllynen Describe recently added options Describe few recently added options (present in glibc-2.29). clone.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_open(2) copy_file_range.2 Amir Goldstein [Dave Chinner] Kernel v5.3 updates fanotify_mark.2 Jakub Wilk Add kernel version numbers for some FAN_* constants getdomainname.2 Michael Kerrisk Add mention of UTS namespaces gethostname.2 Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk] Mention UTS namespaces io_submit.2 Matti Moell [Matti Möll] Fix kernel version numbers for 'aio_rw_flags' flags kill.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) mmap.2 Nikola Forró Fix EINVAL conditions Since introduction of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, in case flags contain both MAP_PRIVATE and MAP_SHARED, mmap() doesn't fail with EINVAL, it succeeds. The reason for that is that MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE is in fact equal to MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SHARED. mount.2 Michael Kerrisk [Reid Priedhorsky] Describe the concept of "parent mounts" Michael Kerrisk NOTES: add subsection heading for /proc/[pid]/{mounts,mountinfo} Michael Kerrisk Rework the text on mount namespaces a little Eliminate the term "Per-process namespaces" and add a reference to mount_namespaces(7). move_pages.2 Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] Mark E2BIG as deprecated E2BIG was removed in 2.6.29, we should mark it as deprecated. perf_event_open.2 Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Budankov] SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst prctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL returns value as function result Michael Kerrisk Clarify that PR_MCE_KILL_GET returns value via function result Michael Kerrisk Clarify that PR_GET_FP_MODE returns value as function result Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: add some missing entries Note success return for PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_FP_MODE. rt_sigqueueinfo.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that 'si_code' can't be specified as SI_KERNEL Michael Kerrisk The rules for 'si_code' don't apply when sending a signal to oneself The restriction on what values may be specified in 'si_code' apply only when sending a signal to a process other than the caller itself. Michael Kerrisk Rename 'uinfo' argument to 'info' This is more consistent with the naming in other pages that refer to a 'siginfo_t' structure. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) sched_setaffinity.2 Michael Kerrisk RETURN VALUE: sched_getaffinity() syscall differs from the wrapper setns.2 Mike Frysinger Fix CLONE_NEWNS restriction info sigaction.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) signalfd.2 Andrew Clayton, Michael Kerrisk Note about interactions with epoll & fork statx.2 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] Clarify details of a case where an invalid 'mask' value may be rejected syscall.2 Shawn Anastasio Add information for powerpc64 Michael Kerrisk [Adam Borowski, Florin Blanaru] Update name of syscall instruction for riscv syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add fsconfig(), fsmount(), fsopen(), fspick(), move_mount(), open_tree() Michael Kerrisk [(), Michael(), Kerrisk(),] Add new syscalls in 5.1 Add io_uring_enter(), io_uring_register(), io_uring_setup(), and pidfd_send_signal(). Michael Kerrisk Add clone3() and pidfd_open() uname.2 Michael Kerrisk Replace reference to namespaces(7) with reference to uts_namespaces(7) errno.3 Rasmus Villemoes Add some comments on EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK and EDEADLK/EDEADLOCK fexecve.3 Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] ENOSYS occurs only if the kernel provides no execveat() syscall Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi] ERRORS: add ENOENT getauxval.3 Raphael Moreira Zinsly Add new cache geometry entries printf.3 Vincent Lefevre Add detail on the first digit with the %e format pthread_setcancelstate.3 pthreads.7 signal-safety.7 Carlos O'Donell Describe issues with cancellation points in signal handlers strtok.3 Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias] Correct description of use of 'saveptr' argument in strtok_r() Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias] The caller should not modify 'saveptr' between strtok_r() calls Michael Kerrisk Add portability note for strtok_r() '*saveptr' value On some implementations, '*saveptr' must be NULL on first call to strtok_r(). smartpqi.4 Murthy Bhat [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] Add sysfs entries Gilbert Wu [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] Add module param expose ld first Dave Carroll [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh] Add module param to hide vsep core.5 Paul Wise Explain the new situation with argument splitting Things changed in Linux v5.3-rc3 commit 315c69261dd3 from splitting after template expansion to splitting beforehand. resolv.conf.5 Nikola Forró Update information about search list Since glibc 2.26, the number of domains in the search list is no longer limited. man-pages.7 Michael Kerrisk Relocate and enhance the text on semantic newlines Michael Kerrisk [Paul Wise] Paragraphs should not be separated by blank lines mount_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Explain how a namespace's mount point list is initialized Provide a more detailed explanation of the initialization of the mount point list in a new mount namespace. Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] Clarify description of "less privileged" mount namespaces Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: refer to example in pivot_root(2) Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman] It may be desirable to disable propagation after creating a namespace After creating a new mount namespace, it may be desirable to disable mount propagation. Give the reader a more explicit hint about this. mq_overview.7 sysvipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ipc_namespaces(7) namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Remove content migrated to new ipc_namespaces(7) page Michael Kerrisk Remove content migrated to uts_namespaces(7) Michael Kerrisk Include manual page references in the summary table of namespace types Make the page more compact by removing the stub subsections that list the manual pages for the namespace types. And while we're here, add an explanation of the table columns. operator.7 Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley] Prefix and postfix ++/-- have different precedences Harbison and Steele also agree on this. signal.7 Michael Kerrisk Enhance the text on process-directed and thread-directed signals clone(2) has a good description of these concepts; borrow from it liberally. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2) user_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Improve explanation of meaning of ownership of nonuser namespaces ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.04 ==================== Released: 2019-11-19, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Andrew Price Christian Brauner Florian Weimer Jakub Wilk Jan Kara Jann Horn Kenigbolo Meya Stephen Marko Myllynen Michael Kerrisk Mikael Magnusson Robert Edmonds Silviu Popescu Torin Carey Witold Baryluk Yang Xu Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jakub Wilk] Document clone3() wait.2 Michael Kerrisk Add P_PIDFD for waiting on a child referred to by a PID file descriptor bpf-helpers.7 Michael Kerrisk Refresh against kernel v5.4-rc7 New and changed links --------------------- clone3.2 Michael Kerrisk New link to clone(2) Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Rename arguments for consistency with clone3() Make the names of the clone() arguments the same as the fields in the clone3() 'args' struct: ctid ==> child_pid ptid ==> parent_tid newtls ==> tld child_stack ==> stack Michael Kerrisk Consistently order paragraphs for CLONE_NEW* flags Sometimes the descriptions of these flags mentioned the corresponding section 7 namespace manual page and then the required capabilities, and sometimes the order was the was the reverse. Make it consistent. Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jann Horn] EXAMPLE: Allocate child's stack using mmap(2) rather than malloc(3) Christian Brauner suggested mmap(MAP_STACK), rather than malloc(), as the canonical way of allocating a stack for the child of clone(), and Jann Horn noted some reasons why (MAP_STACK exists elsewhere, and mmap() returns a page-aligned block of memory, which is useful if we want to set up a guard page at the end of the stack). Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] Tidy up the description of CLONE_DETACHED The obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag has never been properly documented, but now the discussion CLONE_PIDFD also requires mention of CLONE_DETACHED. So, properly document CLONE_DETACHED, and mention its interactions with CLONE_PIDFD. Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] Give the introductory paragraph a new coat of paint Change the text in the introductory paragraph (which was written 20 years ago) to reflect the fact that clone*() does more things nowadays. Michael Kerrisk Remove wording that suggests CLONE_NEW* flags are for containers These flags are used for implementing many other interesting things by now. Michael Kerrisk Remove various details that are already covered in namespaces pages Remove details of UTS, IPC, and network namespaces that are already covered in the corresponding namespaces pages in section 7. clone.2 proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Adjust references to namespaces(7) Adjust references to namespaces(7) to be references to pages describing specific namespace types. fallocate.2 Andrew Price Add gfs2 to the list of punch hole-capable filesystems ioctl_iflags.2 Michael Kerrisk [Robert Edmonds] Emphasize that FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_SETFLAGS argument is 'int *' ioctl_list.2 Michael Kerrisk Add reference to ioctl(2) SEE ALSO section The referenced section lists various pages that document ioctls. mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that MAP_STACK exists on some other systems Michael Kerrisk Some rewording of the description of MAP_STACK Reword a little to allow for the fact that there are now *two* reasons to consider using this flag. pidfd_open.2 Michael Kerrisk Note the waitid() use case for PID file descriptors Michael Kerrisk Add a subsection header "Use cases for PID file descriptors" Michael Kerrisk Make it a little more explicit the CLONE_PIDFD returns a PID FD pivot_root.2 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: allocate stack using mmap() MAP_STACK rather than malloc() quotactl.2 Yang Xu [Jan Kara] Add some details about Q_QUOTAON seccomp.2 cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Switch to "considerate language" select.2 Michael Kerrisk POLLIN_SET/POLLOUT_SET/POLLEX_SET are now defined in terms of EPOLL* Since kernel commit a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8, the equivalence between select() and poll()/epoll is defined in terms of the EPOLL* constants, rather than the POLL* constants. wait.2 Michael Kerrisk waitid() can be used to wait on children in same process group as caller Since Linux 5.4, idtype == P_PGID && id == 0 can be used to wait on children in same process group as caller. Michael Kerrisk Clarify semantics of waitpid(0, ...) As noted in kernel commit 821cc7b0b205c0df64cce59aacc330af251fa8f7, threads create an ambiguity: what if the calling process's PGID is changed by another thread while waitpid(0, ...) is blocked? So, clarify that waitpid(0, ...) means wait for children whose PGID matches the caller's PGID at the time of the call to waitpid(). getauxval.3 Michael Kerrisk [Witold Baryluk] Clarify that AT_BASE_PLATFORM and AT_EXECFN return pointers to strings See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=942207 resolv.conf.5 Florian Weimer Attempt clarify domain/search interaction The domain directive is historic at this point; it should not be used. netdevice.7 Michael Kerrisk [Silviu Popescu] Small wording fix in description of SIOCGIFCONF SIOCGIFCONF returns "network layer" addresses (not "transport layer"). uts_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Add a little more detail on scope of UTS namespaces ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.05 ==================== Released: 2020-02-09, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Adam Borowski Adrian Reber Andy Lutomirski Antonin Décimo Benjamin Peterson Brennan Vincent Christian Brauner Colin Ian King Cyril Hrubis Daniel Colascione Denys Vlasenko DJ Delorie Dmitry V. Levin Jakub Wilk Jashank Jeremy Joel Fernandes John Hubbard John Jones Joseph C. Sible kevin sztern Marko Myllynen markus T Metzger Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Frysinger Mike Salvatore Mikhail Golubev Nick Shipp Nikola Forró Peter Gajdos Petr Vorel Ponnuvel Palaniyappan Rich Felker Robin Kuzmin Samuel Thibault Sam Varshavchik Vegard Nossum Weitian LI Will Yang Xu Yu Jian Wu Apologies if I missed anyone! Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- clone.2 Adrian Reber [Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk] Add clone3() set_tid information Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND fcntl.2 Joel Fernandes [Michael Kerrisk] Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal memfd_create.2 Joel Fernandes Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal loop.4 Yang Xu Document LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE Yang Xu Document LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO proc.5 Michael Kerrisk Document /proc/sys/vm/unprivileged_userfaultfd Changes to individual pages --------------------------- capget.2 Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu] Add missing details in EPERM error for setting inheritable capabilities clone.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that CLONE_THREAD causes similar behavior to CLONE_PARENT The introductory paragraphs note that "the calling process" is normally synonymous with the "the parent process", except in the case of CLONE_PARENT. The same is also true of CLONE_THREAD. Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk] Mention that CLONE_PARENT is off-limits for inits Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King] Add old EINVAL error for AArch64 Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for use of CLONE_PARENT by an init process futex.2 Ponnuvel Palaniyappan Fix a bug in the example listen.2 Michael Kerrisk [Peter Gajdos] The 'somaxconn' default value has increased to 4096 modify_ldt.2 set_thread_area.2 Andy Lutomirski [Markus T Metzger] Fix type of base_addr move_pages.2 John Hubbard [Michal Hocko] Remove ENOENT from the list of possible return values open.2 Adam Borowski No need for /proc to make an O_TMPFILE file permanent In the example snippet, we already have the fd, thus there's no need to refer to the file by name. And, /proc/ might be not mounted or not accessible. Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible] In O_TMPFILE example, describe alternative linkat() call This was already shown in an earlier version of the page, but Adam Borowski's patch replaced it with an alternative. Probably, it is better to show both possibilities. perf_event_open.2 Daniel Colascione Mention EINTR for perf_event_open ptrace.2 Denys Vlasenko PTRACE_EVENT_STOP does not always report SIGTRAP quotactl.2 Michael Kerrisk Don't show numeric values of Q_XQUOTAON XFS_QUOTA_?DQ_* flags The programmer should not need to care about the numeric values, and their inclusion is verbosity. Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] Add EINVAL error of Q_XQUOTARM operation stime.2 Michael Kerrisk Note that stime() is deprecated syscall.2 Petr Vorel [Cyril Hrubis] Update feature test macro requirements sysctl.2 Michael Kerrisk This system call was removed in Linux 5.5; adjust the page accordingly userfaultfd.2 Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk] Add EPERM error cmsg.3 Rich Felker Clarify alignment issues and correct method of accessing CMSG_DATA() From an email by Rich Felker: It came to my attention while reviewing possible breakage with move to 64-bit time_t that some applications are dereferencing data in socket control messages (particularly SCM_TIMESTAMP*) in-place as the message type, rather than memcpy'ing it to appropriate storage. This necessarily does not work and is not supportable if the message contains data with greater alignment requirement than the header. In particular, on 32-bit archs, cmsghdr has size 12 and alignment 4, but struct timeval and timespec may have alignment requirement 8. Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker] Modify CMSG_DATA() example to use memcpy() See previous patch to this page for rationale exit.3 Benjamin Peterson [Mike Frysinger] Use hex for the status mask ftime.3 Michael Kerrisk Note that this function is deprecated getpt.3 Samuel Thibault Remove mention of O_NOCTTY The glibc implementation of getpt has actually never been setting malloc.3 Vegard Nossum Clarify realloc() return value Petr Vorel Remove duplicate _GNU_SOURCE console_codes.4 Adam Borowski Document \e[90m to 97, 100 to 107 Adam Borowski \e[21m is now underline Since 65d9982d7e523a1a8e7c9af012da0d166f72fc56 (4.17), it follows xterm rather than common sense and consistency, being the only command 1..9 where N+20 doesn't undo what N did. As libvte 0.51.90 got changed the same way, this behaviour will probably stay. Adam Borowski Update \e[38m and \e[48m Supported since cec5b2a97a11ade56a701e83044d0a2a984c67b4 (3.16). cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk The v2 freezer controller was added in Linux 5.2 Michael Kerrisk Split discussion of cgroups.events file and v2 release notification In preparation for adding a description of the "frozen" key. Michael Kerrisk Describe the cgroup.events "frozen" key Michael Kerrisk Improve the discussion of the advantages of v2 release notification inotify.7 Nick Shipp Merge late perror() into fprintf() in example code netlink.7 Antonin Décimo Fix alignment issue in example packet.7 kevin sztern [Michael Kerrisk] Add missing tpacket_auxdata field (tp_vlan_tpid) rtnetlink.7 Antonin Décimo ifa_index is an unsigned int tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk tcp_low_latency is ignored since Linux 4.14 unix.7 Michael Kerrisk The PID sent with SCM_CREDENTIALS must match an existing process vsock.7 Mikhail Golubev [Michael Kerrisk] Add missing structure element The structure 'struct sockaddr_vm' has additional element 'unsigned char svm_zero[]' since version v3.9-rc1. ldconfig.8 DJ Delorie Document file filter and symlink pattern expectations ==================== Changes in man-pages-5.06 ==================== Released: 2020-04-11, Munich Contributors ------------ The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Alejandro Colomar Aleksa Sarai Alexander Miller Andrea Arcangeli André Almeida Andrei Vagin Andrew Micallef Bart Van Assche Benjamin Peterson Bjarni Ingi Gislason Christian Brauner devi R.K Dmitry Safonov Eric Biggers Eric Dumazet Eric Rannaud Eugene Syromyatnikov Heinrich Schuchardt Helge Deller Jakub Wilk Jorgen Hansen Julia Suvorova Keno Fischer Krzysztof Małysa Marc Lehmann Matthew Bobrowski Matthew Wilcox Michael Galassi Michael Kerrisk Michal Hocko Mike Christie Mike Frysinger Pablo M. Ronchi Ricardo Biehl Pasquali Stefan Hajnoczi Stefano Garzarella Thomas Gleixner Walter Harms Zack Weinberg Apologies if I missed anyone! New and rewritten pages ----------------------- openat2.2 Aleksa Sarai [Michael Kerrisk] Document new openat2(2) syscall pidfd_getfd.2 Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] New manual page documenting the pidfd_getfd() system call select.2 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite DESCRIPTION Improve structure and readability, at the same time incorporating text and details that were formerly in select_tut(2). Also move a few details in other parts of the page into DESCRIPTION. Michael Kerrisk Consolidate the discussion of pselect into a headed subsection Michael Kerrisk Consolidate historical glibc pselect() details under one subhead Michael Kerrisk Consolidate info on usleep() emulation in one place Michael Kerrisk Place the discussion of the self-pipe technique in a headed subsection Michael Kerrisk Note that FD_SET() and FD_CLR() do not return errors Michael Kerrisk Remove details of historical #include requirements The POSIX situation has been the norm for a long time now, and including ancient details overcomplicates the page. Michael Kerrisk Remove some ancient information about pre-POSIX types for 'timeout' select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Eliminate duplication of info across select_tut.2 and select2 There was a lot of a duplication of info in SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION RETURN VALUE, and SEE ALSO. Move all of the info to one place: the select(2) page. sysvipc.7 Michael Kerrisk Rewrite this page as just a summary of the System V IPC APIs All of the other details in this page have by now been moved into the relevant *ctl(2) pages. time_namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk [Andrei Vagin, Dmitry Safonov, Thomas Gleixner] New page documenting time namespaces Newly documented interfaces in existing pages --------------------------------------------- arch_prctl.2 Keno Fischer Add ARCH_SET_CPUID subcommand clock_getres.2 Benjamin Peterson Document CLOCK_TAI Michael Kerrisk Add CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM prctl.2 Mike Christie [Michal Hocko, Michael Kerrisk, Bart Van Assche] Document PR_SETIO_FLUSHER/GET_IO_FLUSHER setns.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWTIME statx.2 Eric Biggers Document STATX_ATTR_VERITY unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Document CLONE_NEWTIME socket.7 Ricardo Biehl Pasquali, Michael Kerrisk Add description of SO_SELECT_ERR_QUEUE Alejandro Colomar [Michael Kerrisk] Document SO_TIMESTAMPNS Global changes -------------- Various pages Michael Kerrisk Remove a few mentions of the ancient "Linux libc" Various pages Michael Kerrisk Global formatting fix: disfavor nonstandard .TP indents In many cases, these don't improve readability, and (when stacked) they sometimes have the side effect of sometimes forcing text to be justified within a narrow column range. Various pages Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner] Fix clumsy wording around "nonnegative file descriptors" Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clock_getres.2 Helge Deller [Michael Kerrisk] Consecutive calls for CLOCK_MONOTONIC may return same value Consecutive calls to clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) are guaranteed to return MONOTONIC values, which means that they either return the *SAME* time value like the last call, or a later (higher) time value. Eric Rannaud Dynamic POSIX clock devices can return other errors Michael Kerrisk Improve description of CPU-time clocks Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE is not settable Michael Kerrisk Note that CPU-time clocks are not settable. Explicitly note that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable. Michael Kerrisk Clarify that CLOCK_TAI is nonsettable Michael Kerrisk Clarify that CLOCK_MONOTONIC is system-wide Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: add EINVAL for attempt to set a nonsettable clock Michael Kerrisk Move text in BUGS to NOTES The fact that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable isn't a bug, since POSIX does allow the possibility that these clocks are not settable. Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add time_namespaces(7) clock_nanosleep.2 Michael Kerrisk clock_nanosleep() can also sleep against CLOCK_TAI Michael Kerrisk clock_nanosleep() also supports CLOCK_BOOTTIME Presumably (and from a quick glance at the source code) since Linux 2.6.39, when CLOCK_BOOTTIME was introduced. clock_nanosleep.2 timer_create.2 timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk Add various missing errors Mostly verified by testing and reading the code. There is unfortunately quite a bit of inconsistency across API~s: clock_gettime clock_settime clock_nanosleep timer_create timerfd_create CLOCK_BOOTTIME y n (EINVAL) y y y CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1] CLOCK_MONOTONIC y n (EINVAL) y y y CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) CLOCK_REALTIME y y y y y CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1] CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL) CLOCK_TAI y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) n (EINVAL [2]) y n (EINVAL) pthread_getcpuclockid() y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL) [1] The caller must have CAP_WAKE_ALARM, or the error EPERM results. [2] This error is generated in the glibc wrapper. connect.2 Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet] Update the details on AF_UNSPEC Update the details on AF_UNSPEC and circumstances in which socket can be reconnected. dup.2 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add pidfd_getfd(2) epoll_ctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Various minor additions and clarifications epoll_wait.2 Michael Kerrisk A few minor additions and rewrites execve.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a subhead for the discussion of effect on process attributes Michael Kerrisk Explicitly note that argv[argc] == NULL in the new program Michael Kerrisk ERRORS: ENOENT does not occur for missing shared libraries See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12241. _exit.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that raw _exit() system call terminates only the calling thread inotify_add_watch.2 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: add reference to example in inotify(7) io_submit.2 Julia Suvorova Add IOCB_CMD_POLL opcode lseek.2 Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox] ERRORS: ENXIO can also occur SEEK_DATA in middle of hole at end of file madvise.2 Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli] Incorporate some (ancient) comments about MADV_HUGEPAGE Back in 2011, a mail from Andrea Arcangeli noted some details that I never got round to incorporating into the manual page. mmap.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a subhead for the 'flags' argument Michael Kerrisk Move some text hidden at the end of DESCRIPTION to NOTES msgctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) Michael Kerrisk Copy information on 'msqid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) open.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is relevant (only) for basename of 'pathname' Aleksa Sarai Add references to new openat2(2) page Michael Kerrisk Note EINVAL error for invalid character in basename of 'pathname' pidfd_open.2 Michael Kerrisk Mention pidfd_getfd(2) poll.2 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk Mention epoll(7) in the introductory paragraph Michael Kerrisk Improve description of EFAULT error Michael Kerrisk Fix description of ENOMEM error select_tut.2 Michael Kerrisk Adjust header file includes in example Employ , rather than the historical header files. semctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Copy information on 'semid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to the example in shmop(2) Michael Kerrisk Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) semget.2 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: add an example program semop.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to the semop(2) example in shmop(2) shmctl.2 Michael Kerrisk Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text) Michael Kerrisk Note that execute permission is not needed for shmat() SHM_EXEC Michael Kerrisk Copy information on 'shmid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7) Michael Kerrisk Some small improvements to the description of the 'shmid_ds' structure shmget.2 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to the example in shmop(2) shmop.2 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: add a pair of example programs Add example programs demonstrating usage of shmget(2), shmat(2), semget(2), semctl(2), and semop(2). sigaction.2 signal.7 Zack Weinberg Document kernel bugs in delivery of signals from CPU exceptions stat.2 Michael Kerrisk Clarify definitions of timestamp fields In particular, make it clear that atime and mtime relate to the file *data*. syscalls.2 Michael Kerrisk Add new Linux 5.6 system calls Michael Kerrisk Note that the 5.x series followed 4.20 timer_create.2 Michael Kerrisk timer_create(2) also supports CLOCK_TAI Michael Kerrisk Mention clock_getres(2) for further details on the various clocks timerfd_create.2 Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner] Note a case where timerfd_settime() can fail with ECANCELED Michael Kerrisk [devi R.K, Thomas Gleixner] Negative changes to CLOCK_REALTIME may cause read() to return 0 Michael Kerrisk Rework text for EINVAL for invalid clock ID Michael Kerrisk Refer reader to clock_getres(2) for further details on the clocks unshare.2 Michael Kerrisk Add CLONE_NEWCGROUP and CLONE_NEWTIME to example program exit.3 Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms] Small improvement to the discussion of 'status' argument ftok.3 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: add a reference to the example in semget(2) getifaddrs.3 Michael Kerrisk [Michael Galassi] EXAMPLE: remove unneeded loop variable nl_langinfo.3 Eugene Syromyatnikov Document era-related locale elements Eugene Syromyatnikov Add information about AM/PM time format locale elements Eugene Syromyatnikov Mention the respective strftime(3) conversion specifications sem_init.3 Michael Kerrisk Add references to example code in shm_open(3) and sem_wait(3) sem_post.3 Michael Kerrisk Add a reference to code example code in shm_open(3) shm_open.3 Michael Kerrisk EXAMPLE: add some example programs strcmp.3 Michael Kerrisk Add an example program Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Micallef, Walter Harms] Rework text describing return value to be clearer Michael Kerrisk Note that the comparison is done using unsigned char Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add ascii(7) strftime.3 Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk] Refer to the relevant nl_langinfo(3) items Eugene Syromyatnikov Expand %E and %O description Eugene Syromyatnikov Consistently document fall-back format string proc.5 Mike Frysinger Clarify /proc/[pid]/cmdline mutability cgroups.7 Michael Kerrisk Update list of cgroups v2 controllers Update the list of cgroups v2 controllers (several controllers were missing). Michael Kerrisk Add a subsection on cgroup v2 mount options and include 'nsdelegate' Michael Kerrisk Document the cgroups v2 'memory_localevents' mount option Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst namespaces.7 Michael Kerrisk Add time namespaces information Michael Kerrisk Eliminate some superfluous info from display of /proc/PID/ns links path_resolution.7 Aleksa Sarai Update to mention openat2(2) features socket.7 Michael Kerrisk Note SCM message types for SO_TIMESTAMP and SO_TIMESTAMPNS tcp.7 Michael Kerrisk SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt time.7 Michael Kerrisk Add small subsection on clocks and time namespaces unix.7 Heinrich Schuchardt Correct example vsock.7 Stefano Garzarella [Jorgen Hansen, Stefan Hajnoczi] Add VMADDR_CID_LOCAL description