Improve partition table code.

[thirdparty/mdadm.git] / Grow.c

/*
 * mdadm - manage Linux "md" devices aka RAID arrays.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
 *
 *
 *    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *    (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *    GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 *    Author: Neil Brown
 *    Email: <neilb@suse.de>
 */
#include        "mdadm.h"
#include        "dlink.h"
#include        <sys/mman.h>

#if ! defined(__BIG_ENDIAN) && ! defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN)
#error no endian defined
#endif
#include        "md_u.h"
#include        "md_p.h"

#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(t,f) ((size_t)&(((t*)0)->f))
#endif

int Grow_Add_device(char *devname, int fd, char *newdev)
{
        /* Add a device to an active array.
         * Currently, just extend a linear array.
         * This requires writing a new superblock on the
         * new device, calling the kernel to add the device,
         * and if that succeeds, update the superblock on
         * all other devices.
         * This means that we need to *find* all other devices.
         */
        struct mdinfo info;

        struct stat stb;
        int nfd, fd2;
        int d, nd;
        struct supertype *st = NULL;


        if (ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &info.array) < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot get array info for %s\n", devname);
                return 1;
        }

        st = super_by_fd(fd);
        if (!st) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot handle arrays with superblock version %d\n", info.array.major_version);
                return 1;
        }

        if (info.array.level != -1) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": can only add devices to linear arrays\n");
                return 1;
        }

        nfd = open(newdev, O_RDWR|O_EXCL|O_DIRECT);
        if (nfd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot open %s\n", newdev);
                return 1;
        }
        fstat(nfd, &stb);
        if ((stb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFBLK) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s is not a block device!\n", newdev);
                close(nfd);
                return 1;
        }
        /* now check out all the devices and make sure we can read the superblock */
        for (d=0 ; d < info.array.raid_disks ; d++) {
                mdu_disk_info_t disk;
                char *dv;

                disk.number = d;
                if (ioctl(fd, GET_DISK_INFO, &disk) < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot get device detail for device %d\n",
                                d);
                        return 1;
                }
                dv = map_dev(disk.major, disk.minor, 1);
                if (!dv) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot find device file for device %d\n",
                                d);
                        return 1;
                }
                fd2 = dev_open(dv, O_RDWR);
                if (!fd2) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot open device file %s\n", dv);
                        return 1;
                }
                st->ss->free_super(st);

                if (st->ss->load_super(st, fd2, NULL)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot find super block on %s\n", dv);
                        close(fd2);
                        return 1;
                }
                close(fd2);
        }
        /* Ok, looks good. Lets update the superblock and write it out to
         * newdev.
         */

        info.disk.number = d;
        info.disk.major = major(stb.st_rdev);
        info.disk.minor = minor(stb.st_rdev);
        info.disk.raid_disk = d;
        info.disk.state = (1 << MD_DISK_SYNC) | (1 << MD_DISK_ACTIVE);
        st->ss->update_super(st, &info, "linear-grow-new", newdev,
                             0, 0, NULL);

        if (st->ss->store_super(st, nfd)) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot store new superblock on %s\n",
                        newdev);
                close(nfd);
                return 1;
        }
        close(nfd);

        if (ioctl(fd, ADD_NEW_DISK, &info.disk) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot add new disk to this array\n");
                return 1;
        }
        /* Well, that seems to have worked.
         * Now go through and update all superblocks
         */

        if (ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &info.array) < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot get array info for %s\n", devname);
                return 1;
        }

        nd = d;
        for (d=0 ; d < info.array.raid_disks ; d++) {
                mdu_disk_info_t disk;
                char *dv;

                disk.number = d;
                if (ioctl(fd, GET_DISK_INFO, &disk) < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot get device detail for device %d\n",
                                d);
                        return 1;
                }
                dv = map_dev(disk.major, disk.minor, 1);
                if (!dv) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot find device file for device %d\n",
                                d);
                        return 1;
                }
                fd2 = dev_open(dv, O_RDWR);
                if (fd2 < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot open device file %s\n", dv);
                        return 1;
                }
                if (st->ss->load_super(st, fd2, NULL)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot find super block on %s\n", dv);
                        close(fd);
                        return 1;
                }
                info.array.raid_disks = nd+1;
                info.array.nr_disks = nd+1;
                info.array.active_disks = nd+1;
                info.array.working_disks = nd+1;

                st->ss->update_super(st, &info, "linear-grow-update", dv,
                                     0, 0, NULL);

                if (st->ss->store_super(st, fd2)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot store new superblock on %s\n", dv);
                        close(fd2);
                        return 1;
                }
                close(fd2);
        }

        return 0;
}

int Grow_addbitmap(char *devname, int fd, char *file, int chunk, int delay, int write_behind, int force)
{
        /*
         * First check that array doesn't have a bitmap
         * Then create the bitmap
         * Then add it
         *
         * For internal bitmaps, we need to check the version,
         * find all the active devices, and write the bitmap block
         * to all devices
         */
        mdu_bitmap_file_t bmf;
        mdu_array_info_t array;
        struct supertype *st;
        int major = BITMAP_MAJOR_HI;
        int vers = md_get_version(fd);
        unsigned long long bitmapsize, array_size;

        if (vers < 9003) {
                major = BITMAP_MAJOR_HOSTENDIAN;
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Warning - bitmaps created on this kernel are not portable\n"
                        "  between different architectured.  Consider upgrading the Linux kernel.\n");
#endif
        }

        if (ioctl(fd, GET_BITMAP_FILE, &bmf) != 0) {
                if (errno == ENOMEM)
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Memory allocation failure.\n");
                else
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": bitmaps not supported by this kernel.\n");
                return 1;
        }
        if (bmf.pathname[0]) {
                if (strcmp(file,"none")==0) {
                        if (ioctl(fd, SET_BITMAP_FILE, -1)!= 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": failed to remove bitmap %s\n",
                                        bmf.pathname);
                                return 1;
                        }
                        return 0;
                }
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s already has a bitmap (%s)\n",
                        devname, bmf.pathname);
                return 1;
        }
        if (ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &array) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot get array status for %s\n", devname);
                return 1;
        }
        if (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)) {
                if (strcmp(file, "none")==0) {
                        array.state &= ~(1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT);
                        if (ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array)!= 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": failed to remove internal bitmap.\n");
                                return 1;
                        }
                        return 0;
                }
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Internal bitmap already present on %s\n",
                        devname);
                return 1;
        }
        if (array.level <= 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Bitmaps not meaningful with level %s\n",
                        map_num(pers, array.level)?:"of this array");
                return 1;
        }
        bitmapsize = array.size;
        bitmapsize <<= 1;
        if (get_dev_size(fd, NULL, &array_size) &&
            array_size > (0x7fffffffULL<<9)) {
                /* Array is big enough that we cannot trust array.size
                 * try other approaches
                 */
                bitmapsize = get_component_size(fd);
        }
        if (bitmapsize == 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot reliably determine size of array to create bitmap - sorry.\n");
                return 1;
        }

        if (array.level == 10) {
                int ncopies = (array.layout&255)*((array.layout>>8)&255);
                bitmapsize = bitmapsize * array.raid_disks / ncopies;
        }

        st = super_by_fd(fd);
        if (!st) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot understand version %d.%d\n",
                        array.major_version, array.minor_version);
                return 1;
        }
        if (strcmp(file, "none") == 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": no bitmap found on %s\n", devname);
                return 1;
        } else if (strcmp(file, "internal") == 0) {
                int d;
                for (d=0; d< st->max_devs; d++) {
                        mdu_disk_info_t disk;
                        char *dv;
                        disk.number = d;
                        if (ioctl(fd, GET_DISK_INFO, &disk) < 0)
                                continue;
                        if (disk.major == 0 &&
                            disk.minor == 0)
                                continue;
                        if ((disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_SYNC))==0)
                                continue;
                        dv = map_dev(disk.major, disk.minor, 1);
                        if (dv) {
                                int fd2 = dev_open(dv, O_RDWR);
                                if (fd2 < 0)
                                        continue;
                                if (st->ss->load_super(st, fd2, NULL)==0) {
                                        if (st->ss->add_internal_bitmap(
                                                    st,
                                                    &chunk, delay, write_behind,
                                                    bitmapsize, 0, major)
                                                )
                                                st->ss->write_bitmap(st, fd2);
                                        else {
                                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": failed to create internal bitmap - chunksize problem.\n");
                                                close(fd2);
                                                return 1;
                                        }
                                }
                                close(fd2);
                        }
                }
                array.state |= (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT);
                if (ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array)!= 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": failed to set internal bitmap.\n");
                        return 1;
                }
        } else {
                int uuid[4];
                int bitmap_fd;
                int d;
                int max_devs = st->max_devs;

                /* try to load a superblock */
                for (d=0; d<max_devs; d++) {
                        mdu_disk_info_t disk;
                        char *dv;
                        int fd2;
                        disk.number = d;
                        if (ioctl(fd, GET_DISK_INFO, &disk) < 0)
                                continue;
                        if ((disk.major==0 && disk.minor==0) ||
                            (disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_REMOVED)))
                                continue;
                        dv = map_dev(disk.major, disk.minor, 1);
                        if (!dv) continue;
                        fd2 = dev_open(dv, O_RDONLY);
                        if (fd2 >= 0 &&
                            st->ss->load_super(st, fd2, NULL) == 0) {
                                close(fd2);
                                st->ss->uuid_from_super(st, uuid);
                                break;
                        }
                        close(fd2);
                }
                if (d == max_devs) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot find UUID for array!\n");
                        return 1;
                }
                if (CreateBitmap(file, force, (char*)uuid, chunk,
                                 delay, write_behind, bitmapsize, major)) {
                        return 1;
                }
                bitmap_fd = open(file, O_RDWR);
                if (bitmap_fd < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": weird: %s cannot be opened\n",
                                file);
                        return 1;
                }
                if (ioctl(fd, SET_BITMAP_FILE, bitmap_fd) < 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set bitmap file for %s: %s\n",
                                devname, strerror(errno));
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}


/*
 * When reshaping an array we might need to backup some data.
 * This is written to all spares with a 'super_block' describing it.
 * The superblock goes 4K from the end of the used space on the
 * device.
 * It if written after the backup is complete.
 * It has the following structure.
 */

static struct mdp_backup_super {
        char    magic[16];  /* md_backup_data-1 or -2 */
        __u8    set_uuid[16];
        __u64   mtime;
        /* start/sizes in 512byte sectors */
        __u64   devstart;       /* address on backup device/file of data */
        __u64   arraystart;
        __u64   length;
        __u32   sb_csum;        /* csum of preceeding bytes. */
        __u32   pad1;
        __u64   devstart2;      /* offset in to data of second section */
        __u64   arraystart2;
        __u64   length2;
        __u32   sb_csum2;       /* csum of preceeding bytes. */
        __u8 pad[512-68-32];
} __attribute__((aligned(512))) bsb, bsb2;

int bsb_csum(char *buf, int len)
{
        int i;
        int csum = 0;
        for (i=0; i<len; i++)
                csum = (csum<<3) + buf[0];
        return __cpu_to_le32(csum);
}

static int child_grow(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long blocks,
                      int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                      int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                      int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets);
static int child_shrink(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long blocks,
                        int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                        int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                        int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets);
static int child_same_size(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long blocks,
                           int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                           unsigned long long start,
                           int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                           int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets);

int freeze_array(struct mdinfo *sra)
{
        /* Try to freeze resync on this array.
         * Return -1 if the array is busy,
         * return 0 if this kernel doesn't support 'frozen'
         * return 1 if it worked.
         */
        char buf[20];
        if (sysfs_get_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action", buf, 20) <= 0)
                return 0;
        if (strcmp(buf, "idle\n") != 0 &&
            strcmp(buf, "frozen\n") != 0)
                return -1;
        if (sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action", "frozen") < 0)
                return 0;
        return 1;
}

void unfreeze_array(struct mdinfo *sra, int frozen)
{
        /* If 'frozen' is 1, unfreeze the array */
        if (frozen > 0)
                sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action", "idle");
}

void wait_reshape(struct mdinfo *sra)
{
        int fd = sysfs_get_fd(sra, NULL, "sync_action");
        char action[20];

        do {
                fd_set rfds;
                FD_ZERO(&rfds);
                FD_SET(fd, &rfds);
                select(fd+1, NULL, NULL, &rfds, NULL);
                
                if (sysfs_fd_get_str(fd, action, 20) < 0) {
                        close(fd);
                        return;
                }
        } while  (strncmp(action, "reshape", 7) == 0);
}
                        
                
int Grow_reshape(char *devname, int fd, int quiet, char *backup_file,
                 long long size,
                 int level, char *layout_str, int chunksize, int raid_disks)
{
        /* Make some changes in the shape of an array.
         * The kernel must support the change.
         *
         * There are three different changes.  Each can trigger
         * a resync or recovery so we freeze that until we have
         * requested everything (if kernel supports freezing - 2.6.30).
         * The steps are:
         *  - change size (i.e. component_size)
         *  - change level
         *  - change layout/chunksize/ndisks
         *
         * The last can require a reshape.  It is different on different
         * levels so we need to check the level before actioning it.
         * Some times the level change needs to be requested after the
         * reshape (e.g. raid6->raid5, raid5->raid0)
         *
         */
        struct mdu_array_info_s array, orig;
        char *c;
        int rv = 0;
        struct supertype *st;

        int nchunk, ochunk;
        int nlayout, olayout;
        int ndisks, odisks;
        int ndata, odata;
        int orig_level = UnSet;
        char alt_layout[40];
        int *fdlist;
        unsigned long long *offsets;
        int d, i;
        int nrdisks;
        int err;
        int frozen;
        unsigned long a,b, blocks, stripes;
        int cache;
        unsigned long long array_size;
        int changed = 0;
        int done;

        struct mdinfo *sra;
        struct mdinfo *sd;

        if (ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &array) < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s is not an active md array - aborting\n",
                        devname);
                return 1;
        }

        if (size >= 0 &&
            (chunksize || level!= UnSet || layout_str || raid_disks)) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": cannot change component size at the same time "
                        "as other changes.\n"
                        "   Change size first, then check data is intact before "
                        "making other changes.\n");
                return 1;
        }

        if (raid_disks && raid_disks < array.raid_disks && array.level > 1 &&
            get_linux_version() < 2006032 &&
            !check_env("MDADM_FORCE_FEWER")) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": reducing the number of devices is not safe before Linux 2.6.32\n"
                        "       Please use a newer kernel\n");
                return 1;
        }
        sra = sysfs_read(fd, 0, GET_LEVEL);
        frozen = freeze_array(sra);
        if (frozen < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s is performing resync/recovery and cannot"
                        " be reshaped\n", devname);
                return 1;
        }

        /* ========= set size =============== */
        if (size >= 0 && (size == 0 || size != array.size)) {
                array.size = size;
                if (array.size != size) {
                        /* got truncated to 32bit, write to
                         * component_size instead
                         */
                        if (sra)
                                rv = sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL,
                                                   "component_size", size);
                        else
                                rv = -1;
                } else
                        rv = ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array);
                if (rv != 0) {
                        int err = errno;
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set device size for %s: %s\n",
                                devname, strerror(err));
                        if (err == EBUSY && 
                            (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)))
                                fprintf(stderr, "       Bitmap must be removed before size can be changed\n");
                        rv = 1;
                        goto release;
                }
                ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &array);
                size = get_component_size(fd);
                if (size == 0)
                        size = array.size;
                if (!quiet)
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": component size of %s has been set to %lluK\n",
                                devname, size);
                changed = 1;
        } else {
                size = get_component_size(fd);
                if (size == 0)
                        size = array.size;
        }

        /* ======= set level =========== */
        if (level != UnSet && level != array.level) {
                /* Trying to change the level.
                 * We might need to change layout first and schedule a
                 * level change for later.
                 * Level changes that can happen immediately are:
                 * 0->4,5,6  1->5  4->5,6  5->1,6
                 * Level changes that need a layout change first are:
                 * 6->5,4,0 : need a -6 layout, or parity-last
                 * 5->4,0   : need parity-last
                 */
                if ((array.level == 6 || array.level == 5) &&
                    (level == 5 || level == 4 || level == 0)) {
                        /* Don't change level yet, but choose intermediate
                         * layout
                         */
                        if (level == 5) {
                                if (layout_str == NULL)
                                        switch (array.layout) {
                                        case ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC:
                                        case ALGORITHM_LEFT_ASYMMETRIC_6:
                                        case ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_RESTART:
                                                layout_str = "left-asymmetric-6";
                                                break;
                                        case ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC:
                                        case ALGORITHM_LEFT_SYMMETRIC_6:
                                        case ALGORITHM_ROTATING_N_CONTINUE:
                                                layout_str = "left-symmetric-6";
                                                break;
                                        case ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC:
                                        case ALGORITHM_RIGHT_ASYMMETRIC_6:
                                        case ALGORITHM_ROTATING_ZERO_RESTART:
                                                layout_str = "right-asymmetric-6";
                                                break;
                                        case ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC:
                                        case ALGORITHM_RIGHT_SYMMETRIC_6:
                                                layout_str = "right-symmetric-6";
                                                break;
                                        case ALGORITHM_PARITY_0:
                                        case ALGORITHM_PARITY_0_6:
                                                layout_str = "parity-first-6";
                                                break;
                                        case ALGORITHM_PARITY_N:
                                                layout_str = "parity-last";
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot"
                                                        "convert layout to RAID5 equivalent\n",
                                                        devname);
                                                rv = 1;
                                                goto release;
                                        }
                                else {
                                        int l = map_name(r5layout, layout_str);
                                        if (l == UnSet) {
                                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: layout '%s' not recognised\n",
                                                        devname, layout_str);
                                                rv = 1;
                                                goto release;
                                        }
                                        if (l != ALGORITHM_PARITY_N) {
                                                /* need the -6 version */
                                                char *ls = map_num(r5layout, l);
                                                strcat(strcpy(alt_layout, ls),
                                                       "-6");
                                                layout_str = alt_layout;
                                        }
                                }
                                if (raid_disks)
                                        /* The final raid6->raid5 conversion
                                         * will reduce the number of disks,
                                         * so now we need to aim higher
                                         */
                                        raid_disks++;
                        } else
                                layout_str = "parity-last";
                } else {
                        c = map_num(pers, level);
                        if (c == NULL) {
                                rv = 1;/* not possible */
                                goto release;
                        }
                        err = sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "level", c);
                        if (err) {
                                err = errno;
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: could not set level to %s\n",
                                        devname, c);
                                if (err == EBUSY && 
                                    (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)))
                                        fprintf(stderr, "       Bitmap must be removed before level can be changed\n");
                                rv = 1;
                                goto release;
                        }
                        orig = array;
                        orig_level = orig.level;
                        ioctl(fd, GET_ARRAY_INFO, &array);
                        if (layout_str == NULL &&
                            orig.level == 5 && level == 6 &&
                            array.layout != orig.layout)
                                layout_str = map_num(r5layout, orig.layout);
                        if (!quiet)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name " level of %s changed to %s\n",
                                        devname, c);
                        changed = 1;
                }
        }

        /* ========= set shape (chunk_size / layout / ndisks)  ============== */
        /* Check if layout change is a no-op */
        if (layout_str) switch(array.level) {
        case 5:
                if (array.layout == map_name(r5layout, layout_str))
                        layout_str = NULL;
                break;
        case 6:
                if (layout_str == NULL &&
                    ((chunksize && chunksize * 1024 != array.chunk_size) ||
                     (raid_disks && raid_disks != array.raid_disks)) &&
                    array.layout >= 16) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name
                                ": %s has a non-standard layout.  If you wish to preserve this\n"
                                "      during the reshape, please specify --layout=preserve\n"
                                "      If you want to change it, specify a layout or use --layout=normalise\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        goto release;
                }
                if (strcmp(layout_str, "normalise") == 0 ||
                    strcmp(layout_str, "normalize") == 0) {
                        char *hyphen;
                        strcpy(alt_layout, map_num(r6layout, array.layout));
                        hyphen = strrchr(alt_layout, '-');
                        if (hyphen && strcmp(hyphen, "-6") == 0) {
                                *hyphen = 0;
                                layout_str = alt_layout;
                        }
                }

                if (array.layout == map_name(r6layout, layout_str))
                        layout_str = NULL;
                if (layout_str && strcmp(layout_str, "preserve") == 0)
                        layout_str = NULL;
                break;
        }
        if (layout_str == NULL
            && (chunksize == 0 || chunksize*1024 == array.chunk_size)
            && (raid_disks == 0 || raid_disks == array.raid_disks)) {
                rv = 0;
                if (level != UnSet && level != array.level) {
                        /* Looks like this level change doesn't need
                         * a reshape after all.
                         */
                        c = map_num(pers, level);
                        if (c) {
                                rv = sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "level", c);
                                if (rv) {
                                        int err = errno;
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: could not set level to %s\n",
                                                devname, c);
                                        if (err == EBUSY && 
                                            (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)))
                                                fprintf(stderr, "       Bitmap must be removed before level can be changed\n");
                                }
                        }
                } else if (!changed && !quiet)
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: no change requested\n",
                                devname);
                goto release;
        }

        c = map_num(pers, array.level);
        if (c == NULL) c = "-unknown-";
        switch(array.level) {
        default: /* raid0, linear, multipath cannot be reconfigured */
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s array %s cannot be reshaped.\n",
                        c, devname);
                rv = 1;
                break;

        case LEVEL_FAULTY: /* only 'layout' change is permitted */

                if (chunksize  || raid_disks) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot change chunksize or disks of a 'faulty' array\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }
                if (layout_str == NULL)
                        break; /* nothing to do.... */

                array.layout = parse_layout_faulty(layout_str);
                if (array.layout < 0) {
                        int rv;
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: layout %s not understood for 'faulty' array\n",
                                devname, layout_str);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }
                if (ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array) != 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set layout for %s: %s\n",
                                devname, strerror(errno));
                        rv = 1;
                } else if (!quiet)
                        printf("layout for %s set to %d\n", devname, array.layout);
                break;

        case 1: /* only raid_disks can each be changed. */

                if (chunksize || layout_str != NULL) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot change chunk size or layout for a RAID1 array.\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }
                if (raid_disks > 0) {
                        array.raid_disks = raid_disks;
                        if (ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array) != 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set raid-devices for %s: %s\n",
                                        devname, strerror(errno));
                                rv = 1;
                        }
                }
                break;

        case 4:
        case 5:
        case 6:

                /*
                 * layout/chunksize/raid_disks can be changed
                 * though the kernel may not support it all.
                 */
                st = super_by_fd(fd);

                /*
                 * There are three possibilities.
                 * 1/ The array will shrink.
                 *    We need to ensure the reshape will pause before reaching
                 *    the 'critical section'.  We also need to fork and wait for
                 *    that to happen.  When it does we 
                 *       suspend/backup/complete/unfreeze
                 *
                 * 2/ The array will not change size.
                 *    This requires that we keep a backup of a sliding window
                 *    so that we can restore data after a crash.  So we need
                 *    to fork and monitor progress.
                 *
                 * 3/ The array will grow. This is relatively easy.
                 *    However the kernel's restripe routines will cheerfully
                 *    overwrite some early data before it is safe.  So we
                 *    need to make a backup of the early parts of the array
                 *    and be ready to restore it if rebuild aborts very early.
                 *
                 *    We backup data by writing it to one spare, or to a
                 *    file which was given on command line.
                 *
                 *    [FOLLOWING IS OLD AND PARTLY WRONG]
                 *    So: we enumerate the devices in the array and
                 *    make sure we can open all of them.
                 *    Then we freeze the early part of the array and
                 *    backup to the various spares.
                 *    Then we request changes and start the reshape.
                 *    Monitor progress until it has passed the danger zone.
                 *    and finally invalidate the copied data and unfreeze the
                 *    start of the array.
                 *
                 * In each case, we first make sure that storage is available
                 * for the required backup.
                 * Then we:
                 *   -  request the shape change.
                 *   -  for to handle backup etc.
                 */
                nchunk = ochunk = array.chunk_size;
                nlayout = olayout = array.layout;
                ndisks = odisks = array.raid_disks;

                if (chunksize) {
                        nchunk = chunksize * 1024;
                        if (size % chunksize) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": component size %lluK is not"
                                        " a multiple of chunksize %dK\n",
                                        size, chunksize);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (layout_str != NULL)
                        switch(array.level) {
                        case 4: /* ignore layout */
                                break;
                        case 5:
                                nlayout = map_name(r5layout, layout_str);
                                if (nlayout == UnSet) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": layout %s not understood for raid5.\n",
                                                layout_str);
                                        rv = 1;
                                        goto release;
                                }
                                break;

                        case 6:
                                nlayout = map_name(r6layout, layout_str);
                                if (nlayout == UnSet) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": layout %s not understood for raid6.\n",
                                                layout_str);
                                        rv = 1;
                                        goto release;
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                if (raid_disks) ndisks = raid_disks;

                odata = odisks-1;
                ndata = ndisks-1;
                if (array.level == 6) {
                        odata--; /* number of data disks */
                        ndata--;
                }

                if (odata == ndata &&
                    get_linux_version() < 2006032) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": in-place reshape is not safe before 2.6.32, sorry.\n");
                        break;
                }

                /* Check that we can hold all the data */
                get_dev_size(fd, NULL, &array_size);
                if (ndata * size < (array_size/1024)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": this change will reduce the size of the array.\n"
                                "       use --grow --array-size first to truncate array.\n"
                                "       e.g. mdadm --grow %s --array-size %llu\n",
                                devname, ndata * size);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }

                /* So how much do we need to backup.
                 * We need an amount of data which is both a whole number of
                 * old stripes and a whole number of new stripes.
                 * So LCM for (chunksize*datadisks).
                 */
                a = ochunk/512 * odata;
                b = nchunk/512 * ndata;
                /* Find GCD */
                while (a != b) {
                        if (a < b)
                                b -= a;
                        if (b < a)
                                a -= b;
                }
                /* LCM == product / GCD */
                blocks = ochunk/512 * nchunk/512 * odata * ndata / a;

                sysfs_free(sra);
                sra = sysfs_read(fd, 0,
                                 GET_COMPONENT|GET_DEVS|GET_OFFSET|GET_STATE|
                                 GET_CACHE);

                if (ndata == odata) {
                        /* Make 'blocks' bigger for better throughput, but
                         * not so big that we reject it below.
                         * Try for 16 megabytes
                         */
                        while (blocks * 32 < sra->component_size &&
                               blocks < 16*1024*2)
                               blocks *= 2;
                } else
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Need to backup %luK of critical "
                                "section..\n", blocks/2);

                if (!sra) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot get array details from sysfs\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }

                if (blocks >= sra->component_size/2) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Something wrong - reshape aborted\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }
                nrdisks = array.nr_disks + sra->array.spare_disks;
                /* Now we need to open all these devices so we can read/write.
                 */
                fdlist = malloc((1+nrdisks) * sizeof(int));
                offsets = malloc((1+nrdisks) * sizeof(offsets[0]));
                if (!fdlist || !offsets) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": malloc failed: grow aborted\n");
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }
                for (d=0; d <= nrdisks; d++)
                        fdlist[d] = -1;
                d = array.raid_disks;
                for (sd = sra->devs; sd; sd=sd->next) {
                        if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_FAULTY))
                                continue;
                        if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_SYNC)) {
                                char *dn = map_dev(sd->disk.major,
                                                   sd->disk.minor, 1);
                                fdlist[sd->disk.raid_disk]
                                        = dev_open(dn, O_RDONLY);
                                offsets[sd->disk.raid_disk] = sd->data_offset*512;
                                if (fdlist[sd->disk.raid_disk] < 0) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot open component %s\n",
                                                devname, dn?dn:"-unknown-");
                                        rv = 1;
                                        goto release;
                                }
                        } else if (backup_file == NULL) {
                                /* spare */
                                char *dn = map_dev(sd->disk.major,
                                                   sd->disk.minor, 1);
                                fdlist[d] = dev_open(dn, O_RDWR);
                                offsets[d] = (sd->data_offset + sra->component_size - blocks - 8)*512;
                                if (fdlist[d]<0) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot open component %s\n",
                                                devname, dn?dn:"-unknown");
                                        rv = 1;
                                        goto release;
                                }
                                d++;
                        }
                }
                if (backup_file == NULL) {
                        if (ndata <= odata) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot grow - need backup-file\n",
                                        devname);
                                rv = 1;
                                break;
                        } else if (sra->array.spare_disks == 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot grow - need a spare or "
                                        "backup-file to backup critical section\n",
                                        devname);
                                rv = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (d == array.raid_disks) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: No spare device for backup\n",
                                        devname);
                                rv = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                } else {
                        /* need to check backup file is large enough */
                        char buf[512];
                        fdlist[d] = open(backup_file, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,
                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
                        offsets[d] = 8 * 512;
                        if (fdlist[d] < 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot create backup file %s: %s\n",
                                        devname, backup_file, strerror(errno));
                                rv = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        memset(buf, 0, 512);
                        for (i=0; i < blocks + 1 ; i++) {
                                if (write(fdlist[d], buf, 512) != 512) {
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot create backup file %s: %s\n",
                                                devname, backup_file, strerror(errno));
                                        rv = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        if (fsync(fdlist[d]) != 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot create backup file %s: %s\n",
                                        devname, backup_file, strerror(errno));
                                rv = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        d++;
                }

                /* lastly, check that the internal stripe cache is
                 * large enough, or it won't work.
                 */
                
                cache = (nchunk < ochunk) ? ochunk : nchunk;
                cache = cache * 4 / 4096;
                if (cache < blocks / 8 / odisks + 16)
                        /* Make it big enough to hold 'blocks' */
                        cache = blocks / 8 / odisks + 16;
                if (sra->cache_size < cache)
                        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "stripe_cache_size",
                                      cache+1);
                /* Right, everything seems fine. Let's kick things off.
                 * If only changing raid_disks, use ioctl, else use
                 * sysfs.
                 */
                if (ochunk == nchunk && olayout == nlayout) {
                        array.raid_disks = ndisks;
                        if (ioctl(fd, SET_ARRAY_INFO, &array) != 0) {
                                int err = errno;
                                rv = 1;
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set device shape for %s: %s\n",
                                        devname, strerror(errno));
                                if (ndisks < odisks &&
                                    get_linux_version() < 2006030)
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": linux 2.6.30 or later required\n");
                                if (err == EBUSY && 
                                    (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)))
                                        fprintf(stderr, "       Bitmap must be removed before shape can be changed\n");

                                break;
                        }
                } else {
                        /* set them all just in case some old 'new_*' value
                         * persists from some earlier problem
                         */
                        int err = err; /* only used if rv==1, and always set if
                                        * rv==1, so initialisation not needed,
                                        * despite gcc warning
                                        */
                        if (sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "chunk_size", nchunk) < 0)
                                rv = 1, err = errno;
                        if (!rv && sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "layout", nlayout) < 0)
                                rv = 1, err = errno;
                        if (!rv && sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "raid_disks", ndisks) < 0)
                                rv = 1, err = errno;
                        if (rv) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot set device shape for %s\n",
                                        devname);
                                if (get_linux_version() < 2006030)
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": linux 2.6.30 or later required\n");
                                if (err == EBUSY && 
                                    (array.state & (1<<MD_SB_BITMAP_PRESENT)))
                                        fprintf(stderr, "       Bitmap must be removed before shape can be changed\n");
                                break;
                        }
                }

                if (ndisks == 2 && odisks == 2) {
                        /* No reshape is needed in this trivial case */
                        rv = 0;
                        break;
                }

                /* set up the backup-super-block.  This requires the
                 * uuid from the array.
                 */
                /* Find a superblock */
                for (sd = sra->devs; sd; sd = sd->next) {
                        char *dn;
                        int devfd;
                        int ok;
                        if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_FAULTY))
                                continue;
                        dn = map_dev(sd->disk.major, sd->disk.minor, 1);
                        devfd = dev_open(dn, O_RDONLY);
                        if (devfd < 0)
                                continue;
                        ok = st->ss->load_super(st, devfd, NULL);
                        close(devfd);
                        if (ok >= 0)
                                break;
                }
                if (!sd) {
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: Cannot find a superblock\n",
                                devname);
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                }

                memset(&bsb, 0, 512);
                memcpy(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-1", 16);
                st->ss->uuid_from_super(st, (int*)&bsb.set_uuid);
                bsb.mtime = __cpu_to_le64(time(0));
                bsb.devstart2 = blocks;
                stripes = blocks / (ochunk/512) / odata;
                /* Now we just need to kick off the reshape and watch, while
                 * handling backups of the data...
                 * This is all done by a forked background process.
                 */
                switch(fork()) {
                case 0:
                        close(fd);
                        if (check_env("MDADM_GROW_VERIFY"))
                                fd = open(devname, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECT);
                        else
                                fd = -1;
                        mlockall(MCL_FUTURE);

                        if (odata < ndata)
                                done = child_grow(fd, sra, stripes,
                                                  fdlist, offsets,
                                                  odisks, ochunk, array.level, olayout, odata,
                                                  d - odisks, fdlist+odisks, offsets+odisks);
                        else if (odata > ndata)
                                done = child_shrink(fd, sra, stripes,
                                                    fdlist, offsets,
                                                    odisks, ochunk, array.level, olayout, odata,
                                                    d - odisks, fdlist+odisks, offsets+odisks);
                        else
                                done = child_same_size(fd, sra, stripes,
                                                       fdlist, offsets,
                                                       0,
                                                       odisks, ochunk, array.level, olayout, odata,
                                                       d - odisks, fdlist+odisks, offsets+odisks);
                        if (backup_file && done)
                                unlink(backup_file);
                        if (level != UnSet && level != array.level) {
                                /* We need to wait for the reshape to finish
                                 * (which will have happened unless odata < ndata)
                                 * and then set the level
                                 */

                                c = map_num(pers, level);
                                if (c == NULL)
                                        exit(0);/* not possible */

                                if (odata < ndata)
                                        wait_reshape(sra);
                                err = sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "level", c);
                                if (err)
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: could not set level to %s\n",
                                                devname, c);
                        }
                        exit(0);
                case -1:
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot run child to monitor reshape: %s\n",
                                strerror(errno));
                        rv = 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        /* The child will take care of unfreezing the array */
                        frozen = 0;
                        break;
                }
                break;

        }

 release:
        if (rv && orig_level != UnSet && sra) {
                c = map_num(pers, orig_level);
                if (c && sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "level", c) == 0)
                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": aborting level change\n");
        }
        if (sra)
                unfreeze_array(sra, frozen);
        return rv;
}

/*
 * We run a child process in the background which performs the following
 * steps:
 *   - wait for resync to reach a certain point
 *   - suspend io to the following section
 *   - backup that section
 *   - allow resync to proceed further
 *   - resume io
 *   - discard the backup.
 *
 * When are combined in slightly different ways in the three cases.
 * Grow:
 *   - suspend/backup/allow/wait/resume/discard
 * Shrink:
 *   - allow/wait/suspend/backup/allow/wait/resume/discard
 * same-size:
 *   - wait/resume/discard/suspend/backup/allow
 *
 * suspend/backup/allow always come together
 * wait/resume/discard do too.
 * For the same-size case we have two backups to improve flow.
 * 
 */

/* FIXME return status is never checked */
int grow_backup(struct mdinfo *sra,
                unsigned long long offset, /* per device */
                unsigned long stripes, /* per device */
                int *sources, unsigned long long *offsets,
                int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout,
                int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets,
                int part, int *degraded,
                char *buf)
{
        /* Backup 'blocks' sectors at 'offset' on each device of the array,
         * to storage 'destfd' (offset 'destoffsets'), after first
         * suspending IO.  Then allow resync to continue
         * over the suspended section.
         * Use part 'part' of the backup-super-block.
         */
        int odata = disks;
        int rv = 0;
        int i;
        unsigned long long new_degraded;
        //printf("offset %llu\n", offset);
        if (level >= 4)
                odata--;
        if (level == 6)
                odata--;
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_hi", (offset + stripes * chunk/512) * odata);
        /* Check that array hasn't become degraded, else we might backup the wrong data */
        sysfs_get_ll(sra, NULL, "degraded", &new_degraded);
        if (new_degraded != *degraded) {
                /* check each device to ensure it is still working */
                struct mdinfo *sd;
                for (sd = sra->devs ; sd ; sd = sd->next) {
                        if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_FAULTY))
                                continue;
                        if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_SYNC)) {
                                char sbuf[20];
                                if (sysfs_get_str(sra, sd, "state", sbuf, 20) < 0 ||
                                    strstr(sbuf, "faulty") ||
                                    strstr(sbuf, "in_sync") == NULL) {
                                        /* this device is dead */
                                        sd->disk.state = (1<<MD_DISK_FAULTY);
                                        if (sd->disk.raid_disk >= 0 &&
                                            sources[sd->disk.raid_disk] >= 0) {
                                                close(sources[sd->disk.raid_disk]);
                                                sources[sd->disk.raid_disk] = -1;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
                *degraded = new_degraded;
        }
        if (part) {
                bsb.arraystart2 = __cpu_to_le64(offset * odata);
                bsb.length2 = __cpu_to_le64(stripes * chunk/512 * odata);
        } else {
                bsb.arraystart = __cpu_to_le64(offset * odata);
                bsb.length = __cpu_to_le64(stripes * chunk/512 * odata);
        }
        if (part)
                bsb.magic[15] = '2';
        for (i = 0; i < dests; i++)
                if (part)
                        lseek64(destfd[i], destoffsets[i] + __le64_to_cpu(bsb.devstart2)*512, 0);
                else
                        lseek64(destfd[i], destoffsets[i], 0);

        rv = save_stripes(sources, offsets, 
                          disks, chunk, level, layout,
                          dests, destfd,
                          offset*512*odata, stripes * chunk * odata,
                          buf);

        if (rv)
                return rv;
        bsb.mtime = __cpu_to_le64(time(0));
        for (i = 0; i < dests; i++) {
                bsb.devstart = __cpu_to_le64(destoffsets[i]/512);

                bsb.sb_csum = bsb_csum((char*)&bsb, ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum)-((char*)&bsb));
                if (memcmp(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-2", 16) == 0)
                        bsb.sb_csum2 = bsb_csum((char*)&bsb,
                                                ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum2)-((char*)&bsb));

                rv |= lseek64(destfd[i], destoffsets[i] - 4096, 0);
                rv = rv ?: write(destfd[i], &bsb, 512);
                if (destoffsets[i] > 4096) {
                        rv |= lseek64(destfd[i], destoffsets[i]+stripes*chunk*odata, 0);
                        rv = rv ?: write(destfd[i], &bsb, 512);
                }
                fsync(destfd[i]);
        }

        return rv;
}

/* in 2.6.30, the value reported by sync_completed can be
 * less that it should be by one stripe.
 * This only happens when reshape hits sync_max and pauses.
 * So allow wait_backup to either extent sync_max further
 * than strictly necessary, or return before the
 * sync has got quite as far as we would really like.
 * This is what 'blocks2' is for.
 * The various caller give appropriate values so that
 * every works.
 */
/* FIXME return value is often ignored */
int wait_backup(struct mdinfo *sra,
                unsigned long long offset, /* per device */
                unsigned long long blocks, /* per device */
                unsigned long long blocks2, /* per device - hack */
                int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets,
                int part)
{
        /* Wait for resync to pass the section that was backed up
         * then erase the backup and allow IO
         */
        int fd = sysfs_get_fd(sra, NULL, "sync_completed");
        unsigned long long completed;
        int i;
        int rv;

        if (fd < 0)
                return -1;
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "sync_max", offset + blocks + blocks2);
        if (offset == 0)
                sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action", "reshape");
        do {
                char action[20];
                fd_set rfds;
                FD_ZERO(&rfds);
                FD_SET(fd, &rfds);
                select(fd+1, NULL, NULL, &rfds, NULL);
                if (sysfs_fd_get_ll(fd, &completed) < 0) {
                        close(fd);
                        return -1;
                }
                if (sysfs_get_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action",
                                  action, 20) > 0 &&
                    strncmp(action, "reshape", 7) != 0)
                        break;
        } while (completed < offset + blocks);
        close(fd);

        if (part) {
                bsb.arraystart2 = __cpu_to_le64(0);
                bsb.length2 = __cpu_to_le64(0);
        } else {
                bsb.arraystart = __cpu_to_le64(0);
                bsb.length = __cpu_to_le64(0);
        }
        bsb.mtime = __cpu_to_le64(time(0));
        rv = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < dests; i++) {
                bsb.devstart = __cpu_to_le64(destoffsets[i]/512);
                bsb.sb_csum = bsb_csum((char*)&bsb, ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum)-((char*)&bsb));
                if (memcmp(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-2", 16) == 0)
                        bsb.sb_csum2 = bsb_csum((char*)&bsb,
                                                ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum2)-((char*)&bsb));
                rv |= lseek64(destfd[i], destoffsets[i]-4096, 0);
                rv = rv ?: write(destfd[i], &bsb, 512);
                fsync(destfd[i]);
        }
        return rv;
}

static void fail(char *msg)
{
        int rv;
        rv = write(2, msg, strlen(msg));
        rv |= write(2, "\n", 1);
        exit(rv ? 1 : 2);
}

static char *abuf, *bbuf;
static int abuflen;
static void validate(int afd, int bfd, unsigned long long offset)
{
        /* check that the data in the backup against the array.
         * This is only used for regression testing and should not
         * be used while the array is active
         */
        if (afd < 0)
                return;
        lseek64(bfd, offset - 4096, 0);
        if (read(bfd, &bsb2, 512) != 512)
                fail("cannot read bsb");
        if (bsb2.sb_csum != bsb_csum((char*)&bsb2,
                                     ((char*)&bsb2.sb_csum)-((char*)&bsb2)))
                fail("first csum bad");
        if (memcmp(bsb2.magic, "md_backup_data", 14) != 0)
                fail("magic is bad");
        if (memcmp(bsb2.magic, "md_backup_data-2", 16) == 0 &&
            bsb2.sb_csum2 != bsb_csum((char*)&bsb2,
                                     ((char*)&bsb2.sb_csum2)-((char*)&bsb2)))
                fail("second csum bad");

        if (__le64_to_cpu(bsb2.devstart)*512 != offset)
                fail("devstart is wrong");

        if (bsb2.length) {
                unsigned long long len = __le64_to_cpu(bsb2.length)*512;

                if (abuflen < len) {
                        free(abuf);
                        free(bbuf);
                        abuflen = len;
                        if (posix_memalign((void**)&abuf, 4096, abuflen) ||
                            posix_memalign((void**)&bbuf, 4096, abuflen)) {
                                abuflen = 0;
                                /* just stop validating on mem-alloc failure */
                                return;
                        }
                }

                lseek64(bfd, offset, 0);
                if (read(bfd, bbuf, len) != len) {
                        //printf("len %llu\n", len);
                        fail("read first backup failed");
                }
                lseek64(afd, __le64_to_cpu(bsb2.arraystart)*512, 0);
                if (read(afd, abuf, len) != len)
                        fail("read first from array failed");
                if (memcmp(bbuf, abuf, len) != 0) {
                        #if 0
                        int i;
                        printf("offset=%llu len=%llu\n",
                               (unsigned long long)__le64_to_cpu(bsb2.arraystart)*512, len);
                        for (i=0; i<len; i++)
                                if (bbuf[i] != abuf[i]) {
                                        printf("first diff byte %d\n", i);
                                        break;
                                }
                        #endif
                        fail("data1 compare failed");
                }
        }
        if (bsb2.length2) {
                unsigned long long len = __le64_to_cpu(bsb2.length2)*512;

                if (abuflen < len) {
                        free(abuf);
                        free(bbuf);
                        abuflen = len;
                        abuf = malloc(abuflen);
                        bbuf = malloc(abuflen);
                }

                lseek64(bfd, offset+__le64_to_cpu(bsb2.devstart2)*512, 0);
                if (read(bfd, bbuf, len) != len)
                        fail("read second backup failed");
                lseek64(afd, __le64_to_cpu(bsb2.arraystart2)*512, 0);
                if (read(afd, abuf, len) != len)
                        fail("read second from array failed");
                if (memcmp(bbuf, abuf, len) != 0)
                        fail("data2 compare failed");
        }
}

static int child_grow(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long stripes,
                      int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                      int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                      int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets)
{
        char *buf;
        int degraded = 0;

        if (posix_memalign((void**)&buf, 4096, disks * chunk))
                /* Don't start the 'reshape' */
                return 0;
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_hi", 0);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", 0);
        grow_backup(sra, 0, stripes,
                    fds, offsets, disks, chunk, level, layout,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    0, &degraded, buf);
        validate(afd, destfd[0], destoffsets[0]);
        wait_backup(sra, 0, stripes * chunk / 512, stripes * chunk / 512,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    0);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", (stripes * chunk/512) * data);
        free(buf);
        /* FIXME this should probably be numeric */
        sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_max", "max");
        return 1;
}

static int child_shrink(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long stripes,
                        int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                        int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                        int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets)
{
        char *buf;
        unsigned long long start;
        int rv;
        int degraded = 0;

        if (posix_memalign((void**)&buf, 4096, disks * chunk))
                return 0;
        start = sra->component_size - stripes * chunk/512;
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "sync_max", start);
        sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_action", "reshape");
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", 0);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_hi", 0);
        rv = wait_backup(sra, 0, start - stripes * chunk/512, stripes * chunk/512,
                         dests, destfd, destoffsets, 0);
        if (rv < 0)
                return 0;
        grow_backup(sra, 0, stripes,
                    fds, offsets,
                    disks, chunk, level, layout,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    0, &degraded, buf);
        validate(afd, destfd[0], destoffsets[0]);
        wait_backup(sra, start, stripes*chunk/512, 0,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets, 0);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", (stripes * chunk/512) * data);
        free(buf);
        /* FIXME this should probably be numeric */
        sysfs_set_str(sra, NULL, "sync_max", "max");
        return 1;
}

static int child_same_size(int afd, struct mdinfo *sra, unsigned long stripes,
                           int *fds, unsigned long long *offsets,
                           unsigned long long start,
                           int disks, int chunk, int level, int layout, int data,
                           int dests, int *destfd, unsigned long long *destoffsets)
{
        unsigned long long size;
        unsigned long tailstripes = stripes;
        int part;
        char *buf;
        unsigned long long speed;
        int degraded = 0;


        if (posix_memalign((void**)&buf, 4096, disks * chunk))
                return 0;

        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", 0);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_hi", 0);

        sysfs_get_ll(sra, NULL, "sync_speed_min", &speed);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "sync_speed_min", 200000);

        grow_backup(sra, start, stripes,
                    fds, offsets,
                    disks, chunk, level, layout,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    0, &degraded, buf);
        grow_backup(sra, (start + stripes) * chunk/512, stripes,
                    fds, offsets,
                    disks, chunk, level, layout,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    1, &degraded, buf);
        validate(afd, destfd[0], destoffsets[0]);
        part = 0;
        start += stripes * 2; /* where to read next */
        size = sra->component_size / (chunk/512);
        while (start < size) {
                if (wait_backup(sra, (start-stripes*2)*chunk/512,
                                stripes*chunk/512, 0,
                                dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                                part) < 0)
                        return 0;
                sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", start*chunk/512 * data);
                if (start + stripes > size)
                        tailstripes = (size - start);

                grow_backup(sra, start*chunk/512, tailstripes,
                            fds, offsets,
                            disks, chunk, level, layout,
                            dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                            part, &degraded, buf);
                start += stripes;
                part = 1 - part;
                validate(afd, destfd[0], destoffsets[0]);
        }
        if (wait_backup(sra, (start-stripes*2) * chunk/512, stripes * chunk/512, 0,
                        dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                        part) < 0)
                return 0;
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", ((start-stripes)*chunk/512) * data);
        wait_backup(sra, (start-stripes) * chunk/512, tailstripes * chunk/512, 0,
                    dests, destfd, destoffsets,
                    1-part);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "suspend_lo", (size*chunk/512) * data);
        sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "sync_speed_min", speed);
        free(buf);
        return 1;
}

/*
 * If any spare contains md_back_data-1 which is recent wrt mtime,
 * write that data into the array and update the super blocks with
 * the new reshape_progress
 */
int Grow_restart(struct supertype *st, struct mdinfo *info, int *fdlist, int cnt,
                 char *backup_file, int verbose)
{
        int i, j;
        int old_disks;
        unsigned long long *offsets;
        unsigned long long  nstripe, ostripe;
        int ndata, odata;

        if (info->new_level != info->array.level)
                return 1; /* Cannot handle level changes (they are instantaneous) */

        odata = info->array.raid_disks - info->delta_disks - 1;
        if (info->array.level == 6) odata--; /* number of data disks */
        ndata = info->array.raid_disks - 1;
        if (info->new_level == 6) ndata--;

        old_disks = info->array.raid_disks - info->delta_disks;

        if (info->delta_disks <= 0)
                /* Didn't grow, so the backup file must have
                 * been used
                 */
                old_disks = cnt;
        for (i=old_disks-(backup_file?1:0); i<cnt; i++) {
                struct mdinfo dinfo;
                int fd;
                int bsbsize;
                char *devname, namebuf[20];

                /* This was a spare and may have some saved data on it.
                 * Load the superblock, find and load the
                 * backup_super_block.
                 * If either fail, go on to next device.
                 * If the backup contains no new info, just return
                 * else restore data and update all superblocks
                 */
                if (i == old_disks-1) {
                        fd = open(backup_file, O_RDONLY);
                        if (fd<0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": backup file %s inaccessible: %s\n",
                                        backup_file, strerror(errno));
                                continue;
                        }
                        devname = backup_file;
                } else {
                        fd = fdlist[i];
                        if (fd < 0)
                                continue;
                        if (st->ss->load_super(st, fd, NULL))
                                continue;

                        st->ss->getinfo_super(st, &dinfo);
                        st->ss->free_super(st);

                        if (lseek64(fd,
                                    (dinfo.data_offset + dinfo.component_size - 8) <<9,
                                    0) < 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot seek on device %d\n", i);
                                continue; /* Cannot seek */
                        }
                        sprintf(namebuf, "device-%d", i);
                        devname = namebuf;
                }
                if (read(fd, &bsb, sizeof(bsb)) != sizeof(bsb)) {
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot read from %s\n", devname);
                        continue; /* Cannot read */
                }
                if (memcmp(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-1", 16) != 0 &&
                    memcmp(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-2", 16) != 0) {
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": No backup metadata on %s\n", devname);
                        continue;
                }
                if (bsb.sb_csum != bsb_csum((char*)&bsb, ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum)-((char*)&bsb))) {
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Bad backup-metadata checksum on %s\n", devname);
                        continue; /* bad checksum */
                }
                if (memcmp(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-2", 16) == 0 &&
                    bsb.sb_csum2 != bsb_csum((char*)&bsb, ((char*)&bsb.sb_csum2)-((char*)&bsb))) {
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Bad backup-metadata checksum2 on %s\n", devname);
                        continue; /* Bad second checksum */
                }
                if (memcmp(bsb.set_uuid,info->uuid, 16) != 0) {
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Wrong uuid on backup-metadata on %s\n", devname);
                        continue; /* Wrong uuid */
                }

                /* array utime and backup-mtime should be updated at much the same time, but it seems that
                 * sometimes they aren't... So allow considerable flexability in matching, and allow
                 * this test to be overridden by an environment variable.
                 */
                if (info->array.utime > __le64_to_cpu(bsb.mtime) + 2*60*60 ||
                    info->array.utime < __le64_to_cpu(bsb.mtime) - 10*60) {
                        if (check_env("MDADM_GROW_ALLOW_OLD")) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": accepting backup with timestamp %lu "
                                        "for array with timestamp %lu\n",
                                        (unsigned long)__le64_to_cpu(bsb.mtime),
                                        (unsigned long)info->array.utime);
                        } else {
                                if (verbose)
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": too-old timestamp on "
                                                "backup-metadata on %s\n", devname);
                                continue; /* time stamp is too bad */
                        }
                }

                if (bsb.magic[15] == '1') {
                if (info->delta_disks >= 0) {
                        /* reshape_progress is increasing */
                        if (__le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart) + __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length) <
                            info->reshape_progress) {
                        nonew:
                                if (verbose)
                                        fprintf(stderr, Name ": backup-metadata found on %s but is not needed\n", devname);
                                continue; /* No new data here */
                        }
                } else {
                        /* reshape_progress is decreasing */
                        if (__le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart) >=
                            info->reshape_progress)
                                goto nonew; /* No new data here */
                }
                } else {
                if (info->delta_disks >= 0) {
                        /* reshape_progress is increasing */
                        if (__le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart) + __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length) <
                            info->reshape_progress &&
                            __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart2) + __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length2) <
                            info->reshape_progress)
                                goto nonew; /* No new data here */
                } else {
                        /* reshape_progress is decreasing */
                        if (__le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart) >=
                            info->reshape_progress &&
                            __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart2) >=
                            info->reshape_progress)
                                goto nonew; /* No new data here */
                }
                }
                if (lseek64(fd, __le64_to_cpu(bsb.devstart)*512, 0)< 0) {
                second_fail:
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Failed to verify secondary backup-metadata block on %s\n",
                                        devname);
                        continue; /* Cannot seek */
                }
                /* There should be a duplicate backup superblock 4k before here */
                if (lseek64(fd, -4096, 1) < 0 ||
                    read(fd, &bsb2, 4096) != 4096)
                        goto second_fail; /* Cannot find leading superblock */
                if (bsb.magic[15] == '1')
                        bsbsize = offsetof(struct mdp_backup_super, pad1);
                else
                        bsbsize = offsetof(struct mdp_backup_super, pad);
                if (memcmp(&bsb2, &bsb, bsbsize) != 0)
                        goto second_fail; /* Cannot find leading superblock */

                /* Now need the data offsets for all devices. */
                offsets = malloc(sizeof(*offsets)*info->array.raid_disks);
                for(j=0; j<info->array.raid_disks; j++) {
                        if (fdlist[j] < 0)
                                continue;
                        if (st->ss->load_super(st, fdlist[j], NULL))
                                /* FIXME should be this be an error */
                                continue;
                        st->ss->getinfo_super(st, &dinfo);
                        st->ss->free_super(st);
                        offsets[j] = dinfo.data_offset * 512;
                }
                printf(Name ": restoring critical section\n");

                if (restore_stripes(fdlist, offsets,
                                    info->array.raid_disks,
                                    info->new_chunk,
                                    info->new_level,
                                    info->new_layout,
                                    fd, __le64_to_cpu(bsb.devstart)*512,
                                    __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart)*512,
                                    __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length)*512)) {
                        /* didn't succeed, so giveup */
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Error restoring backup from %s\n",
                                        devname);
                        return 1;
                }
                
                if (bsb.magic[15] == '2' &&
                    restore_stripes(fdlist, offsets,
                                    info->array.raid_disks,
                                    info->new_chunk,
                                    info->new_level,
                                    info->new_layout,
                                    fd, __le64_to_cpu(bsb.devstart)*512 +
                                    __le64_to_cpu(bsb.devstart2)*512,
                                    __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart2)*512,
                                    __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length2)*512)) {
                        /* didn't succeed, so giveup */
                        if (verbose)
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Error restoring second backup from %s\n",
                                        devname);
                        return 1;
                }


                /* Ok, so the data is restored. Let's update those superblocks. */

                if (info->delta_disks >= 0) {
                        info->reshape_progress = __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart) +
                                __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length);
                        if (bsb.magic[15] == '2') {
                                unsigned long long p2 = __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart2) +
                                        __le64_to_cpu(bsb.length2);
                                if (p2 > info->reshape_progress)
                                        info->reshape_progress = p2;
                        }
                } else {
                        info->reshape_progress = __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart);
                        if (bsb.magic[15] == '2') {
                                unsigned long long p2 = __le64_to_cpu(bsb.arraystart2);
                                if (p2 < info->reshape_progress)
                                        info->reshape_progress = p2;
                        }
                }
                for (j=0; j<info->array.raid_disks; j++) {
                        if (fdlist[j] < 0) continue;
                        if (st->ss->load_super(st, fdlist[j], NULL))
                                continue;
                        st->ss->getinfo_super(st, &dinfo);
                        dinfo.reshape_progress = info->reshape_progress;
                        st->ss->update_super(st, &dinfo,
                                             "_reshape_progress",
                                             NULL,0, 0, NULL);
                        st->ss->store_super(st, fdlist[j]);
                        st->ss->free_super(st);
                }
                return 0;
        }
        /* Didn't find any backup data, try to see if any
         * was needed.
         */
        if (info->delta_disks < 0) {
                /* When shrinking, the critical section is at the end.
                 * So see if we are before the critical section.
                 */
                unsigned long long first_block;
                nstripe = ostripe = 0;
                first_block = 0;
                while (ostripe >= nstripe) {
                        ostripe += info->array.chunk_size / 512;
                        first_block = ostripe * odata;
                        nstripe = first_block / ndata / (info->new_chunk/512) *
                                (info->new_chunk/512);
                }

                if (info->reshape_progress >= first_block)
                        return 0;
        }
        if (info->delta_disks > 0) {
                /* See if we are beyond the critical section. */
                unsigned long long last_block;
                nstripe = ostripe = 0;
                last_block = 0;
                while (nstripe >= ostripe) {
                        nstripe += info->new_chunk / 512;
                        last_block = nstripe * ndata;
                        ostripe = last_block / odata / (info->array.chunk_size/512) *
                                (info->array.chunk_size/512);
                }

                if (info->reshape_progress >= last_block)
                        return 0;
        }
        /* needed to recover critical section! */
        if (verbose)
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Failed to find backup of critical section\n");
        return 1;
}

int Grow_continue(int mdfd, struct supertype *st, struct mdinfo *info,
                  char *backup_file)
{
        /* Array is assembled and ready to be started, but
         * monitoring is probably required.
         * So:
         *   - start read-only
         *   - set upper bound for resync
         *   - initialise the 'suspend' boundaries
         *   - switch to read-write
         *   - fork and continue monitoring
         */
        int err;
        int backup_list[1];
        unsigned long long backup_offsets[1];
        int odisks, ndisks, ochunk, nchunk,odata,ndata;
        unsigned long a,b,blocks,stripes;
        int backup_fd;
        int *fds;
        unsigned long long *offsets;
        int d;
        struct mdinfo *sra, *sd;
        int rv;
        int cache;
        int done = 0;

        err = sysfs_set_str(info, NULL, "array_state", "readonly");
        if (err)
                return err;

        /* make sure reshape doesn't progress until we are ready */
        sysfs_set_str(info, NULL, "sync_max", "0");
        sysfs_set_str(info, NULL, "array_state", "active"); /* FIXME or clean */
        
        /* ndisks is not growing, so raid_disks is old and +delta is new */
        odisks = info->array.raid_disks;
        ndisks = odisks + info->delta_disks;
        odata = odisks - 1;
        ndata = ndisks - 1;
        if (info->array.level == 6) {
                odata--;
                ndata--;
        }
        ochunk = info->array.chunk_size;
        nchunk = info->new_chunk;


        a = ochunk/512 * odata;
        b = nchunk/512 * ndata;
        /* Find GCD */
        while (a != b) {
                if (a < b)
                        b -= a;
                if (b < a)
                        a -= b;
        }
        /* LCM == product / GCD */
        blocks = ochunk/512 * nchunk/512 * odata * ndata / a;

        sra = sysfs_read(-1, devname2devnum(info->sys_name),
                         GET_COMPONENT|GET_DEVS|GET_OFFSET|GET_STATE|
                         GET_CACHE);


        if (ndata == odata)
                while (blocks * 32 < sra->component_size &&
                       blocks < 16*1024*2)
                        blocks *= 2;
        stripes = blocks / (info->array.chunk_size/512) / odata;

        /* check that the internal stripe cache is
         * large enough, or it won't work.
         */
        cache = (nchunk < ochunk) ? ochunk : nchunk;
        cache = cache * 4 / 4096;
        if (cache < blocks / 8 / odisks + 16)
                /* Make it big enough to hold 'blocks' */
                cache = blocks / 8 / odisks + 16;
        if (sra->cache_size < cache)
                sysfs_set_num(sra, NULL, "stripe_cache_size",
                              cache+1);

        memset(&bsb, 0, 512);
        memcpy(bsb.magic, "md_backup_data-1", 16);
        memcpy(&bsb.set_uuid, info->uuid, 16);
        bsb.mtime = __cpu_to_le64(time(0));
        bsb.devstart2 = blocks;

        backup_fd = open(backup_file, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
        backup_list[0] = backup_fd;
        backup_offsets[0] = 8 * 512;
        fds = malloc(odisks * sizeof(fds[0]));
        offsets = malloc(odisks * sizeof(offsets[0]));
        for (d=0; d<odisks; d++)
                fds[d] = -1;

        for (sd = sra->devs; sd; sd = sd->next) {
                if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_FAULTY))
                        continue;
                if (sd->disk.state & (1<<MD_DISK_SYNC)) {
                        char *dn = map_dev(sd->disk.major,
                                           sd->disk.minor, 1);
                        fds[sd->disk.raid_disk]
                                = dev_open(dn, O_RDONLY);
                        offsets[sd->disk.raid_disk] = sd->data_offset*512;
                        if (fds[sd->disk.raid_disk] < 0) {
                                fprintf(stderr, Name ": %s: cannot open component %s\n",
                                        info->sys_name, dn?dn:"-unknown-");
                                rv = 1;
                                goto release;
                        }
                        free(dn);
                }
        }

        switch(fork()) {
        case 0:
                close(mdfd);
                mlockall(MCL_FUTURE);
                if (info->delta_disks < 0)
                        done = child_shrink(-1, info, stripes,
                                            fds, offsets,
                                            info->array.raid_disks,
                                            info->array.chunk_size,
                                            info->array.level, info->array.layout,
                                            odata,
                                            1, backup_list, backup_offsets);
                else if (info->delta_disks == 0) {
                        /* The 'start' is a per-device stripe number.
                         * reshape_progress is a per-array sector number.
                         * So divide by ndata * chunk_size
                         */
                        unsigned long long start = info->reshape_progress / ndata;
                        start /= (info->array.chunk_size/512);
                        done = child_same_size(-1, info, stripes,
                                               fds, offsets,
                                               start,
                                               info->array.raid_disks,
                                               info->array.chunk_size,
                                               info->array.level, info->array.layout,
                                               odata,
                                               1, backup_list, backup_offsets);
                }
                if (backup_file && done)
                        unlink(backup_file);
                /* FIXME should I intuit a level change */
                exit(0);
        case -1:
                fprintf(stderr, Name ": Cannot run child to continue monitoring reshape: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                return 1;
        default:
                break;
        }
release:
        return 0;
}