OSSL_HTTP_parse_url(): Handle any userinfo, query, and fragment components

OSSL_HTTP_parse_url(): Handle any userinfo, query, and fragment components

Now handle [http[s]://][userinfo@]host[:port][/path][?query][#frag]
by optionally providing any userinfo, query, and frag components.

All usages of this function, which are client-only,
silently ignore userinfo and frag components,
while the query component is taken as part of the path.
Update and extend the unit tests and all affected documentation.
Document and deprecat OCSP_parse_url().

Fixes an issue that came up when discussing FR #14001.

Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/14009)