HTTP client: Minimal changes that include the improved API

HTTP client: Minimal changes that include the improved API

This is a minimal version of pull request #15053 including all the
proposed improvements to the HTTP client API and its documentation
but only those code adaptations strictly needed for it.

The proposed new features include
* support for persistent connections (keep-alive),
* generalization to arbitrary request and response types, and
* support for streaming BIOs for request and response data.

The related API changes include:
* Split the monolithic OSSL_HTTP_transfer() into OSSL_HTTP_open(),
  OSSL_HTTP_set_request(), a lean OSSL_HTTP_transfer(), and OSSL_HTTP_close().
* Split the timeout functionality accordingly and improve default behavior.
* Extract part of OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_new() to OSSL_HTTP_REQ_CTX_set_expected().

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/15147)