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c66e7bc7 1<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
3a54a157 2<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
eea10b26 3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
db9ecf05 4<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
c66e7bc7 5
4623eecb 6<refentry id="kernel-command-line" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
c66e7bc7 7
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8 <refentryinfo>
9 <title>kernel-command-line</title>
10 <productname>systemd</productname>
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11 </refentryinfo>
12
13 <refmeta>
14 <refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle>
15 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
16 </refmeta>
17
18 <refnamediv>
19 <refname>kernel-command-line</refname>
20 <refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose>
21 </refnamediv>
22
23 <refsynopsisdiv>
24 <para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para>
25 </refsynopsisdiv>
26
27 <refsect1>
28 <title>Description</title>
29
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30 <para>The kernel, the programs running in the initrd and in the host system may be configured at boot via
31 kernel command line arguments. In addition, various systemd tools look at the EFI variable
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32 <literal>SystemdOptions</literal> (if available). Both sources are combined, but the kernel command line
33 has higher priority. Please note that <emphasis>the EFI variable is only used by systemd tools, and is
34 ignored by the kernel and other user space tools</emphasis>, so it is not a replacement for the kernel
35 command line.</para>
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36
37 <para>For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please
ab1f7245 38 see
0e685823 39 <ulink url="https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html"><filename>kernel-parameters.html</filename></ulink>
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40 and
41 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
42
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43 <para>For command line parameters understood by the initrd, see the documentation of the specific initrd
44 implementation of your installation.</para>
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45 </refsect1>
46
47 <refsect1>
48 <title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title>
49
50 <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'>
51 <varlistentry>
52 <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
53 <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
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54 <term><varname>systemd.dump_core</varname></term>
55 <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt</varname></term>
56 <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell</varname></term>
7a66f215 57 <term><varname>systemd.crash_action=</varname></term>
770c4777 58 <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn</varname></term>
2a12e32e 59 <term><varname>systemd.service_watchdogs</varname></term>
770c4777 60 <term><varname>systemd.show_status</varname></term>
36cf4507 61 <term><varname>systemd.status_unit_format=</varname></term>
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62 <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term>
63 <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term>
798d3a52 64 <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term>
770c4777 65 <term><varname>systemd.log_color</varname></term>
8750a06b 66 <term><varname>systemd.log_ratelimit_kmsg</varname></term>
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67 <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
68 <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
69 <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
ee48dbd5 70 <term><varname>systemd.machine_id=</varname></term>
72267a55 71 <term><varname>systemd.set_credential=</varname></term>
de70ecb3 72 <term><varname>systemd.set_credential_binary=</varname></term>
72267a55 73 <term><varname>systemd.import_credentials=</varname></term>
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74 <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_interval_sec=</varname></term>
75 <term><varname>systemd.reload_limit_burst=</varname></term>
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76 <listitem>
77 <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
78 manager to control system behavior. For details, see
79 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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80
81 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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82 </listitem>
83 </varlistentry>
84
85 <varlistentry>
86 <term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term>
87 <term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term>
1d84ad94 88 <term><varname>systemd.debug_shell</varname></term>
7bf52f5d 89 <term><varname>systemd.default_debug_tty=</varname></term>
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90 <listitem>
91 <para>Additional parameters understood by
92 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
93 to mask or start specific units at boot, or invoke a debug
94 shell on tty9.</para>
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95
96 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/>
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97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99
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100 <varlistentry>
101 <term><varname>systemd.run=</varname></term>
102 <term><varname>systemd.run_success_action=</varname></term>
103 <term><varname>systemd.run_failure_action=</varname></term>
104 <listitem>
105 <para>Additional parameters understood by
106 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, to
107 run a command line specified on the kernel command line as system service after booting up.</para>
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108
109 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/>
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110 </listitem>
111 </varlistentry>
112
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113 <varlistentry>
114 <term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term>
115 <listitem>
116 <para>During early boot, the generation of core dump files is disabled until a core dump handler (if any)
11fcfc53 117 takes over. This parameter allows specifying an absolute path where core dump files should be stored until
c6885f5f 118 a handler is installed. The path should be absolute and may contain specifiers, see
b7a47345 119 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>core</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.</para>
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120
121 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/>
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122 </listitem>
123 </varlistentry>
124
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125 <varlistentry>
126 <term><varname>systemd.restore_state=</varname></term>
127 <listitem>
128 <para>This parameter is understood by several system tools
129 to control whether or not they should restore system state
130 from the previous boot. For details, see
131 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
132 and
af105d03 133 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
798d3a52 134 </para>
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135
136 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/>
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137 </listitem>
138 </varlistentry>
139
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140 <varlistentry>
141 <term><varname>systemd.ssh_auto=</varname></term>
142 <term><varname>systemd.ssh_listen=</varname></term>
143 <listitem>
144 <para>These parameters are interpreted by
145 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ssh-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
146 and may be used to control SSH sockets the system shall be reachable on.</para>
147
148 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
149 </listitem>
150 </varlistentry>
151
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152 <varlistentry>
153 <term><varname>systemd.volatile=</varname></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>This parameter controls whether the system shall boot up in volatile mode. Takes a boolean argument, or
156 the special value <literal>state</literal>. If false (the default), normal boot mode is selected, the root
3b121157 157 directory and <filename>/var/</filename> are mounted as specified on the kernel command line or
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158 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or otherwise configured. If true, full state-less boot mode is selected. In
159 this case the root directory is mounted as volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), and only
3b121157 160 <filename>/usr/</filename> is mounted from the file system configured as root device, in read-only mode. This
91214a37 161 enables fully state-less boots were the vendor-supplied OS is used as shipped, with only default
3b121157 162 configuration and no stored state in effect, as <filename>/etc/</filename> and <filename>/var/</filename> (as
91214a37 163 well as all other resources shipped in the root file system) are reset at boot and lost on shutdown. If this
13070a70 164 setting is set to <literal>state</literal> the root file system is mounted read-only, however
3b121157 165 <filename>/var/</filename> is mounted as a volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), so that the
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166 system boots up with the normal configuration applied, but all state reset at boot and lost at shutdown. If
167 this setting is set to <literal>overlay</literal> the root file system is set up as
168 <literal>overlayfs</literal> mount combining the read-only root directory with a writable
169 <literal>tmpfs</literal>, so that no modifications are made to disk, but the file system may be modified
170 nonetheless with all changes being lost at reboot. For details, see
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171 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
172 and
173 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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174
175 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/>
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176 </listitem>
177 </varlistentry>
178
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179 <varlistentry>
180 <term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
183 and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
184 details, see
185 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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186
187 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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188 </listitem>
189 </varlistentry>
190
191 <varlistentry>
192 <term><varname>debug</varname></term>
193 <listitem>
194 <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
195 and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
196 details, see
197 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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198
199 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v205"/>
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200 </listitem>
201 </varlistentry>
202
203 <varlistentry>
204 <term><varname>-b</varname></term>
dcd61450 205 <term><varname>rd.emergency</varname></term>
798d3a52 206 <term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
dcd61450 207 <term><varname>rd.rescue</varname></term>
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208 <term><varname>rescue</varname></term>
209 <term><varname>single</varname></term>
210 <term><varname>s</varname></term>
211 <term><varname>S</varname></term>
212 <term><varname>1</varname></term>
213 <term><varname>2</varname></term>
214 <term><varname>3</varname></term>
215 <term><varname>4</varname></term>
216 <term><varname>5</varname></term>
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
dcd61450 219 manager, as compatibility and convenience options. For details, see
798d3a52 220 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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221
222 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry>
227 <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
228 <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
229 <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
230 <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
231 <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
232 <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
233 <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
234 <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
235 <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
236 <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
237 <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
238 <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
239 <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
240 <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
243 manager to control locale and language settings. For
244 details, see
245 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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246
247 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry>
252 <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term>
253 <term><varname>fsck.repair=</varname></term>
254
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Parameters understood by the file system checker
257 services. For details, see
258 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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259
260 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry>
265 <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term>
266
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Parameter understood by the file quota checker
269 service. For details, see
270 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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271
272 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry>
277 <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term>
278 <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term>
279 <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term>
280 <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=</varname></term>
281
282 <listitem>
283 <para>Parameters understood by the journal service. For
284 details, see
285 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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286
287 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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288 </listitem>
289 </varlistentry>
290
291 <varlistentry>
292 <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term>
72ccee50 293 <term><varname>vconsole.keymap_toggle=</varname></term>
798d3a52 294 <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term>
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295 <term><varname>vconsole.font_map=</varname></term>
296 <term><varname>vconsole.font_unimap=</varname></term>
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297
298 <listitem>
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299 <para>Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see
300 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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301
302 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry>
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307 <term><varname>udev.log_level=</varname></term>
308 <term><varname>rd.udev.log_level=</varname></term>
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309 <term><varname>udev.children_max=</varname></term>
310 <term><varname>rd.udev.children_max=</varname></term>
311 <term><varname>udev.exec_delay=</varname></term>
312 <term><varname>rd.udev.exec_delay=</varname></term>
313 <term><varname>udev.event_timeout=</varname></term>
314 <term><varname>rd.udev.event_timeout=</varname></term>
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315 <term><varname>udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term>
316 <term><varname>rd.udev.timeout_signal=</varname></term>
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317 <term><varname>udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term>
318 <term><varname>rd.udev.blockdev_read_only</varname></term>
798d3a52 319 <term><varname>net.ifnames=</varname></term>
78266a54 320 <term><varname>net.naming_scheme=</varname></term>
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321
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Parameters understood by the device event managing
324 daemon. For details, see
325 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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326
327 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry>
332 <term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term>
333
334 <listitem>
335 <para>May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For
336 details, see
337 <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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338
339 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry>
344 <term><varname>luks=</varname></term>
345 <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term>
346 <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
347 <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
348 <term><varname>luks.name=</varname></term>
349 <term><varname>rd.luks.name=</varname></term>
350 <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term>
351 <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term>
352 <term><varname>luks.options=</varname></term>
353 <term><varname>rd.luks.options=</varname></term>
354 <term><varname>luks.key=</varname></term>
355 <term><varname>rd.luks.key=</varname></term>
356
357 <listitem>
358 <para>Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at
359 boot. For details, see
360 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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361
362 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry>
367 <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term>
368 <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term>
369
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Configures the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> logic
372 at boot. For details, see
373 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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374
375 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v186"/>
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376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry>
380 <term><varname>root=</varname></term>
381 <term><varname>rootfstype=</varname></term>
d6a12e7c 382 <term><varname>rootflags=</varname></term>
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383 <term><varname>ro</varname></term>
384 <term><varname>rw</varname></term>
385
386 <listitem>
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387 <para>Configures the root file system and its file system type and mount options, as well as
388 whether it shall be mounted read-only or read-write initially. For details, see
798d3a52 389 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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390
391 <para>If <varname>root=</varname> is not set (or set to <literal>gpt-auto</literal>) the automatic
392 root partition discovery implemented by
393 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
394 will be in effect. In this case <varname>rootfstype=</varname>, <varname>rootflags=</varname>,
395 <varname>ro</varname>, <varname>rw</varname> will be interpreted by
396 <command>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</command>.</para>
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397
398 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/>
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399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
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402 <varlistentry>
403 <term><varname>mount.usr=</varname></term>
404 <term><varname>mount.usrfstype=</varname></term>
405 <term><varname>mount.usrflags=</varname></term>
406
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Configures the /usr file system (if required) and
409 its file system type and mount options. For details, see
410 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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411
412 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v235"/>
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413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
2f3dfc6f 416 <varlistentry>
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417 <term><varname>veritytab=</varname></term>
418 <term><varname>rd.veritytab=</varname></term>
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419 <term><varname>roothash=</varname></term>
420 <term><varname>systemd.verity=</varname></term>
421 <term><varname>rd.systemd.verity=</varname></term>
422 <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_data=</varname></term>
423 <term><varname>systemd.verity_root_hash=</varname></term>
0141102f 424 <term><varname>systemd.verity.root_options=</varname></term>
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425 <term><varname>usrhash=</varname></term>
426 <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_data=</varname></term>
427 <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_hash=</varname></term>
428 <term><varname>systemd.verity_usr_options=</varname></term>
2f3dfc6f 429 <listitem>
e5196eee 430 <para>Configures the integrity protection root hash for the root and <filename>/usr</filename> file systems, and other related
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431 parameters. For details, see
432 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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433
434 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/>
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435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
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438 <varlistentry>
439 <term><varname>systemd.getty_auto=</varname></term>
440
441 <listitem>
442 <para>Configures whether the <filename>serial-getty@.service</filename> will run.
443 For details, see
444 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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445
446 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/>
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447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
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450 <varlistentry>
451 <term><varname>systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
452 <term><varname>rd.systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
453
454 <listitem>
9ea81191 455 <para>Configures whether GPT-based partition auto-discovery shall be attempted. For details, see
798d3a52 456 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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457
458 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/>
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459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
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462 <varlistentry>
463 <term><varname>systemd.image_policy=</varname></term>
464 <term><varname>rd.systemd.image_policy=</varname></term>
465
466 <listitem><para>When GPT-based partition auto-discovery is used, configures the image dissection
467 policy string to apply, as per
468 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.image-policy</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
469 details see
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470 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
471
472 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
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473 </varlistentry>
474
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475 <varlistentry>
476 <term><varname>systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=</varname></term>
477
478 <listitem>
ba669952 479 <para>Overrides the default start job timeout <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> at
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480 boot. For details, see
481 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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482
483 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/>
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484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
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487 <varlistentry>
488 <term><varname>systemd.default_device_timeout_sec=</varname></term>
489
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Overrides the default device timeout <varname>DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec=</varname> at boot. For
492 details, see
493 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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494
495 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/>
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496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
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499 <varlistentry>
500 <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_device=</varname></term>
501
502 <listitem>
ba669952 503 <para>Overrides the watchdog device path <varname>WatchdogDevice=</varname>. For details, see
9c5ea4b1 504 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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505
506 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/>
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507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry>
511 <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_sec=</varname></term>
512
513 <listitem>
ba669952 514 <para>Overrides the watchdog timeout settings otherwise configured with
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515 <varname>RuntimeWatchdog=</varname>, <varname>RebootWatchdog=</varname> and
516 <varname>KExecWatchdogSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the
517 implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or
518 <literal>default</literal>. For details, see
c75396c3 519 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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520
521 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/>
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522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
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525 <varlistentry>
526 <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pre_sec=</varname></term>
527
528 <listitem>
529 <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with
530 <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreSec=</varname>. Takes a time value (if no unit is specified, seconds is the
531 implicitly assumed time unit) or the special strings <literal>off</literal> or
532 <literal>default</literal>. For details, see
533 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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534
535 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/>
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536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
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539 <varlistentry>
540 <term><varname>systemd.watchdog_pretimeout_governor=</varname></term>
541
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Overrides the watchdog pre-timeout settings otherwise configured with
544 <varname>RuntimeWatchdogPreGovernor=</varname>. Takes a string value. For details, see
545 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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546
547 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/>
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548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
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551 <varlistentry>
552 <term><varname>systemd.cpu_affinity=</varname></term>
553
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Overrides the CPU affinity mask for the service manager and the default for all child
556 processes it forks. This takes precedence over <varname>CPUAffinity=</varname>, see
557 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
558 for details.</para>
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559
560 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/>
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561 </listitem>
562 </varlistentry>
563
798d3a52 564 <varlistentry>
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565 <term><varname>modules_load=</varname></term>
566 <term><varname>rd.modules_load=</varname></term>
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567
568 <listitem>
569 <para>Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For
570 details, see
571 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
ec07c3c8 572
aefdc112 573 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v187"/>
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574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
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577 <varlistentry>
578 <term><varname>nameserver=</varname></term>
579 <term><varname>domain=</varname></term>
580
581 <listitem><para>Configures DNS server information and search domains, see
582 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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583 for details.</para>
584
585 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/></listitem>
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586 </varlistentry>
587
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588 <varlistentry>
589 <term><varname>resume=</varname></term>
8b6805a2 590 <term><varname>resumeflags=</varname></term>
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591
592 <listitem>
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593 <para>Enable resume from hibernation using the specified device and timeout options. All
594 <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>-style
595 device identifiers are supported. For details, see
798d3a52 596 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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597
598 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v217"/>
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599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
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601
602 <varlistentry>
603 <term><varname>resume_offset=</varname></term>
604
605 <listitem><para>Configure the page offset of the swap space from the resume device. For details, see
606 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
607 </para>
608
609 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
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611
612 <varlistentry>
613 <term><varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname></term>
614
615 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off,
616 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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617 and
618 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-homed-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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619 will not query the user for basic system settings, even if the system boots up for the first time and
620 the relevant settings are not initialized yet. Not to be confused with
78266a54 621 <varname>systemd.condition_first_boot=</varname> (see below), which overrides the result of the
814872e9 622 <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit file condition, and thus controls more than just
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623 <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> behaviour.</para>
624
625 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
f582cbca 626 </varlistentry>
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627
628 <varlistentry>
78266a54 629 <term><varname>systemd.condition_needs_update=</varname></term>
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630
631 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of
632 <varname>ConditionNeedsUpdate=</varname> unit condition checks. See
633 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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634 details.</para>
635
636 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
f8b4ae29 637 </varlistentry>
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638
639 <varlistentry>
78266a54 640 <term><varname>systemd.condition_first_boot=</varname></term>
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641
642 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If specified, overrides the result of
643 <varname>ConditionFirstBoot=</varname> unit condition checks. See
644 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
645 details. Not to be confused with <varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname> which only controls behaviour
646 of the <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> system service but has no effect on the
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647 condition check (see above).</para>
648
649 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
814872e9 650 </varlistentry>
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651
652 <varlistentry>
78266a54 653 <term><varname>systemd.clock_usec=</varname></term>
3753325b 654
e503019b 655 <listitem><para>Takes a decimal, numeric timestamp in μs since January 1st 1970, 00:00am, to set the
18d9cee0 656 system clock to. The system time is set to the specified timestamp early during boot. It is not
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657 propagated to the hardware clock (RTC).</para>
658
659 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
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660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry>
78266a54 663 <term><varname>systemd.random_seed=</varname></term>
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664
665 <listitem><para>Takes a base64 encoded random seed value to credit with full entropy to the kernel's
666 random pool during early service manager initialization. This option is useful in testing
667 environments where delays due to random pool initialization in entropy starved virtual machines shall
668 be avoided.</para>
669
670 <para>Note that if this option is used the seed is accessible to unprivileged programs from
671 <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>. This option is hence a security risk when used outside of test
672 systems, since the (possibly) only seed used for initialization of the kernel's entropy pool might be
673 easily acquired by unprivileged programs.</para>
674
675 <para>It is recommended to pass 512 bytes of randomized data (as that matches the Linux kernel pool
676 size), which may be generated with a command like the following:</para>
677
678 <programlisting>dd if=/dev/urandom bs=512 count=1 status=none | base64 -w 0</programlisting>
679
680 <para>Again: do not use this option outside of testing environments, it's a security risk elsewhere,
681 as secret key material derived from the entropy pool can possibly be reconstructed by unprivileged
682 programs.</para>
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683
684 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/>
18d9cee0 685 </listitem>
3753325b 686 </varlistentry>
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688 <varlistentry>
689 <term><varname>systemd.allow_userspace_verity=</varname></term>
690
691 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Controls whether disk images that are Verity protected may
692 be authenticated in userspace signature checks via <filename>/etc/verity.d/</filename> (and related
693 directories) public key drop-ins, or whether in-kernel signature checking only. Defaults to
694 on.</para>
695
696 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
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699 <varlistentry>
700 <term><varname>systemd.hostname=</varname></term>
701
702 <listitem><para>Accepts a hostname to set during early boot. If specified takes precedence over what
703 is set in <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>. Note that this does not bar later runtime changes to
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704 the hostname, it simply controls the initial hostname set during early boot.</para>
705
706 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
34293dfa 707 </varlistentry>
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708
709 <varlistentry>
710 <term><varname>systemd.tty.term.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term>
711 <term><varname>systemd.tty.rows.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term>
712 <term><varname>systemd.tty.columns.<replaceable>tty</replaceable>=</varname></term>
713
714 <listitem><para>These arguments allow configuring default values for <varname>$TERM</varname>,
715 <varname>TTYRows=</varname>, and <varname>TTYColumns=</varname> for tty
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716 <replaceable>tty</replaceable>. Additionally, <varname>systemd.tty.term.console</varname> will
717 configure the <varname>$TERM</varname> value used by <command>systemd</command> if not set explicitly
718 using <varname>TERM</varname> on the kernel command line. The tty name should be specified without
719 the <filename>/dev/</filename> prefix (e.g. <literal>systemd.tty.rows.ttyS0=80</literal>).
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720 </para>
721
722 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
4d62ee55 723 </varlistentry>
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724
725 <varlistentry>
726 <term><varname>systemd.battery_check=</varname></term>
727
728 <listitem><para>Accepts a boolean argument. If false the boot-time battery charge check implemented
729 by
730 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-battery-check.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
731 is disabled.</para>
732
733 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry>
737 <term><varname>ifname=</varname></term>
738 <term><varname>net.ifname_policy=</varname></term>
739
740 <listitem><para>Controls interface naming policies, implemented by
741 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-network-generator.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
742
743 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v245"/></listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry>
747 <term><varname>systemd.tpm2_wait=</varname></term>
748
749 <listitem><para>Controls whether to wait for a TPM2 device at boot, implemented by
750 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tpm2-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
751
752 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
798d3a52 755 </variablelist>
7a9e0bd0 756 </refsect1>
798d3a52 757
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758 <refsect1>
759 <title>History</title>
760
761 <variablelist>
762 <varlistentry>
763 <term>systemd 252</term>
764 <listitem><para>Kernel command-line arguments <varname>systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy</varname>
765 and <varname>systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller</varname> were deprecated. Please switch to
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766 the unified cgroup hierarchy.</para>
767
768 <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
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769 </varlistentry>
770 </variablelist>
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771 </refsect1>
772
773 <refsect1>
774 <title>See Also</title>
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775 <para><simplelist type="inline">
776 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
777 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
778 <member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
779 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.system-credentials</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
780 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbios-type-11</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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781 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
782 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
783 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
784 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
785 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
786 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
787 <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
788 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
789 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
790 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
791 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
792 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
793 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
794 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
795 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
796 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
797 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
798 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
799 <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
800 </simplelist></para>
798d3a52 801 </refsect1>
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802
803</refentry>