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514094f9 | 1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> |
3a54a157 | 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" |
eea10b26 | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ |
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4 | <!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" > |
5 | %entities; | |
6 | ]> | |
db9ecf05 | 7 | <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> |
19887cd0 | 8 | |
21ac6ff1 | 9 | <refentry id="machinectl" conditional='ENABLE_MACHINED' |
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10 | xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
11 | ||
12 | <refentryinfo> | |
13 | <title>machinectl</title> | |
14 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
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15 | </refentryinfo> |
16 | ||
17 | <refmeta> | |
18 | <refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle> | |
19 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> | |
20 | </refmeta> | |
21 | ||
22 | <refnamediv> | |
23 | <refname>machinectl</refname> | |
24 | <refpurpose>Control the systemd machine manager</refpurpose> | |
25 | </refnamediv> | |
26 | ||
27 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
28 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
29 | <command>machinectl</command> | |
30 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> | |
31 | <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> | |
32 | <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg> | |
33 | </cmdsynopsis> | |
34 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
35 | ||
36 | <refsect1> | |
37 | <title>Description</title> | |
38 | ||
39 | <para><command>machinectl</command> may be used to introspect and | |
40 | control the state of the | |
41 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
42 | virtual machine and container registration manager | |
43 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
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44 | |
45 | <para><command>machinectl</command> may be used to execute | |
46 | operations on machines and images. Machines in this sense are | |
47 | considered running instances of:</para> | |
48 | ||
49 | <itemizedlist> | |
50 | <listitem><para>Virtual Machines (VMs) that virtualize hardware | |
51 | to run full operating system (OS) instances (including their kernels) | |
52 | in a virtualized environment on top of the host OS.</para></listitem> | |
53 | ||
54 | <listitem><para>Containers that share the hardware and | |
55 | OS kernel with the host OS, in order to run | |
56 | OS userspace instances on top the host OS.</para></listitem> | |
57 | ||
fa69a4c7 | 58 | <listitem><para>The host system itself.</para></listitem> |
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59 | </itemizedlist> |
60 | ||
61 | <para>Machines are identified by names that follow the same rules | |
38b38500 | 62 | as UNIX and DNS hostnames. For details, see below.</para> |
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63 | |
64 | <para>Machines are instantiated from disk or file system images that | |
65 | frequently — but not necessarily — carry the same name as machines running | |
66 | from them. Images in this sense may be:</para> | |
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67 | |
68 | <itemizedlist> | |
fa69a4c7 | 69 | <listitem><para>Directory trees containing an OS, including the |
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70 | top-level directories <filename>/usr/</filename>, |
71 | <filename>/etc/</filename>, and so on.</para></listitem> | |
91913f58 | 72 | |
576cf244 | 73 | <listitem><para>btrfs subvolumes containing OS trees, similar to regular directory trees.</para></listitem> |
91913f58 | 74 | |
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75 | <listitem><para>Binary "raw" disk image files containing MBR or GPT partition tables and Linux file |
76 | systems.</para></listitem> | |
77 | ||
78 | <listitem><para>Similarly, block devices containing MBR or GPT partition tables and file systems.</para></listitem> | |
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79 | |
80 | <listitem><para>The file system tree of the host OS itself.</para></listitem> | |
81 | </itemizedlist> | |
82 | ||
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83 | <para>Images may be downloaded, imported and exported via the |
84 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>importctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
85 | tool.</para> | |
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86 | </refsect1> |
87 | ||
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88 | <refsect1> |
89 | <title>Commands</title> | |
90 | ||
91 | <para>The following commands are understood:</para> | |
92 | ||
fd571c9d | 93 | <refsect2><title>Machine Commands</title> |
798d3a52 | 94 | |
fd571c9d | 95 | <variablelist> |
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96 | <varlistentry> |
97 | <term><command>list</command></term> | |
98 | ||
99 | <listitem><para>List currently running (online) virtual | |
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100 | machines and containers. To enumerate machine images that can |
101 | be started, use <command>list-images</command> (see | |
102 | below). Note that this command hides the special | |
103 | <literal>.host</literal> machine by default. Use the | |
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104 | <option>--all</option> switch to show it.</para> |
105 | ||
106 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> | |
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107 | </varlistentry> |
108 | ||
109 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 110 | <term><command>status</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
798d3a52 | 111 | |
28f90ea2 | 112 | <listitem><para>Show runtime status information about |
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113 | one or more virtual machines and containers, followed by the |
114 | most recent log data from the journal. This function is | |
115 | intended to generate human-readable output. If you are looking | |
116 | for computer-parsable output, use <command>show</command> | |
117 | instead. Note that the log data shown is reported by the | |
118 | virtual machine or container manager, and frequently contains | |
119 | console output of the machine, but not necessarily journal | |
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120 | contents of the machine itself.</para> |
121 | ||
aefdc112 | 122 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> |
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123 | </varlistentry> |
124 | ||
125 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 126 | <term><command>show</command> [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…]</term> |
798d3a52 | 127 | |
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128 | <listitem><para>Show properties of one or more registered virtual machines or containers or the manager |
129 | itself. If no argument is specified, properties of the manager will be shown. If a NAME is specified, | |
130 | properties of this virtual machine or container are shown. By default, empty properties are suppressed. Use | |
131 | <option>--all</option> to show those too. To select specific properties to show, use | |
132 | <option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be used whenever computer-parsable output is | |
133 | required, and does not print the control group tree or journal entries. Use <command>status</command> if you | |
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134 | are looking for formatted human-readable output.</para> |
135 | ||
aefdc112 | 136 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> |
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137 | </varlistentry> |
138 | ||
139 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 140 | <term><command>start</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
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141 | |
142 | <listitem><para>Start a container as a system service, using | |
143 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
144 | This starts <filename>systemd-nspawn@.service</filename>, | |
145 | instantiated for the specified machine name, similar to the | |
146 | effect of <command>systemctl start</command> on the service | |
147 | name. <command>systemd-nspawn</command> looks for a container | |
148 | image by the specified name in | |
149 | <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> (and other search | |
150 | paths, see below) and runs it. Use | |
b938cb90 | 151 | <command>list-images</command> (see below) for listing |
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152 | available container images to start.</para> |
153 | ||
154 | <para>Note that | |
155 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
156 | also interfaces with a variety of other container and VM | |
157 | managers, <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is just one | |
158 | implementation of it. Most of the commands available in | |
159 | <command>machinectl</command> may be used on containers or VMs | |
160 | controlled by other managers, not just | |
161 | <command>systemd-nspawn</command>. Starting VMs and container | |
162 | images on those managers requires manager-specific | |
163 | tools.</para> | |
164 | ||
165 | <para>To interactively start a container on the command line | |
166 | with full access to the container's console, please invoke | |
167 | <command>systemd-nspawn</command> directly. To stop a running | |
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168 | container use <command>machinectl poweroff</command>.</para> |
169 | ||
aefdc112 | 170 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
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171 | </varlistentry> |
172 | ||
173 | <varlistentry> | |
91913f58 | 174 | <term><command>login</command> [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>]</term> |
798d3a52 | 175 | |
c454426c | 176 | <listitem><para>Open an interactive terminal login session in |
b938cb90 | 177 | a container or on the local host. If an argument is supplied, |
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178 | it refers to the container machine to connect to. If none is |
179 | specified, or the container name is specified as the empty | |
180 | string, or the special machine name <literal>.host</literal> | |
181 | (see below) is specified, the connection is made to the local | |
182 | host instead. This will create a TTY connection to a specific | |
183 | container or the local host and asks for the execution of a | |
184 | getty on it. Note that this is only supported for containers | |
185 | running | |
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186 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
187 | as init system.</para> | |
188 | ||
189 | <para>This command will open a full login prompt on the | |
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190 | container or the local host, which then asks for username and |
191 | password. Use <command>shell</command> (see below) or | |
798d3a52 | 192 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
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193 | with the <option>--machine=</option> switch to directly invoke |
194 | a single command, either interactively or in the | |
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195 | background.</para> |
196 | ||
aefdc112 | 197 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem> |
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198 | </varlistentry> |
199 | ||
c454426c | 200 | <varlistentry> |
1eecafb8 | 201 | <term><command>shell</command> [[<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>@]<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> [<replaceable>PATH</replaceable> [<replaceable>ARGUMENTS</replaceable>…]]] </term> |
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202 | |
203 | <listitem><para>Open an interactive shell session in a | |
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204 | container or on the local host. The first argument refers to |
205 | the container machine to connect to. If none is specified, or | |
206 | the machine name is specified as the empty string, or the | |
207 | special machine name <literal>.host</literal> (see below) is | |
208 | specified, the connection is made to the local host | |
15102ced | 209 | instead. This works similarly to <command>login</command>, but |
91913f58 | 210 | immediately invokes a user process. This command runs the |
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211 | specified executable with the specified arguments, or the |
212 | default shell for the user if none is specified, or | |
213 | <filename>/bin/sh</filename> if no default shell is found. By default, | |
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214 | <option>--uid=</option>, or by prefixing the machine name with |
215 | a username and an <literal>@</literal> character, a different | |
216 | user may be selected. Use <option>--setenv=</option> to set | |
217 | environment variables for the executed process.</para> | |
218 | ||
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219 | <para>Note that <command>machinectl shell</command> does not propagate the exit code/status of the invoked |
220 | shell process. Use <command>systemd-run</command> instead if that information is required (see below).</para> | |
221 | ||
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222 | <para>Using the <command>shell</command> command without arguments (thus invoking the executed shell |
223 | or command on the local host), is in many ways similar to a <citerefentry | |
224 | project='die-net'><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> session, | |
225 | but, unlike <command>su</command>, completely isolates the new session from the originating session, | |
226 | so that it shares no process or session properties and is in a clean well-defined state. It will be | |
227 | tracked in a new utmp, login, audit, security, and keyring sessions, and will not inherit any | |
228 | environment variables or resource limits, among other properties.</para> | |
229 | ||
230 | <para>Note that | |
231 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> with | |
232 | its <option>--machine=</option> switch may be used in place of the <command>machinectl | |
233 | shell</command> command, and allows non-interactive operation, more detailed and low-level | |
234 | configuration of the invoked unit, as well as access to runtime and exit code/status information of | |
235 | the invoked shell process. In particular, use <command>systemd-run</command>'s | |
236 | <option>--wait</option> switch to propagate exit status information of the invoked process. Use | |
237 | <command>systemd-run</command>'s <option>--pty</option> switch to acquire an interactive shell, | |
238 | similarly to <command>machinectl shell</command>. In general, <command>systemd-run</command> is | |
239 | preferable for scripting purposes. However, note that <command>systemd-run</command> might require | |
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240 | higher privileges than <command>machinectl shell</command>.</para> |
241 | ||
aefdc112 | 242 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v225"/></listitem> |
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243 | </varlistentry> |
244 | ||
798d3a52 | 245 | <varlistentry> |
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246 | <term><command>enable</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
247 | <term><command>disable</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> | |
798d3a52 | 248 | |
15102ced | 249 | <listitem><para>Enable or disable a container as a system service to start at system boot, using |
798d3a52 | 250 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
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251 | This enables or disables <filename>systemd-nspawn@.service</filename>, instantiated for the specified |
252 | machine name, similarly to the effect of <command>systemctl enable</command> or <command>systemctl | |
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253 | disable</command> on the service name.</para> |
254 | ||
255 | <para>This command implicitly reloads the system manager configuration after completing the operation. | |
256 | Note that this command does not implicitly start or power off the containers that are being operated on. | |
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257 | If this is desired, combine the command with the <option>--now</option> switch.</para> |
258 | ||
aefdc112 | 259 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
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260 | </varlistentry> |
261 | ||
262 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 263 | <term><command>poweroff</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
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264 | |
265 | <listitem><para>Power off one or more containers. This will | |
266 | trigger a reboot by sending SIGRTMIN+4 to the container's init | |
267 | process, which causes systemd-compatible init systems to shut | |
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268 | down cleanly. Use <command>stop</command> as alias for <command>poweroff</command>. |
269 | This operation does not work on containers that do not run a | |
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270 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>-compatible |
271 | init system, such as sysvinit. Use | |
272 | <command>terminate</command> (see below) to immediately | |
273 | terminate a container or VM, without cleanly shutting it | |
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274 | down.</para> |
275 | ||
aefdc112 | 276 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v212"/></listitem> |
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277 | </varlistentry> |
278 | ||
279 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 280 | <term><command>reboot</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
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281 | |
282 | <listitem><para>Reboot one or more containers. This will | |
283 | trigger a reboot by sending SIGINT to the container's init | |
284 | process, which is roughly equivalent to pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del | |
285 | on a non-containerized system, and is compatible with | |
f82dcc3f | 286 | containers running any system manager. Use <command>restart</command> as alias |
9ef362bf | 287 | for <command>reboot</command>.</para> |
ec07c3c8 | 288 | |
aefdc112 | 289 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v209"/></listitem> |
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290 | </varlistentry> |
291 | ||
292 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 293 | <term><command>terminate</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
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294 | |
295 | <listitem><para>Immediately terminates a virtual machine or | |
296 | container, without cleanly shutting it down. This kills all | |
297 | processes of the virtual machine or container and deallocates | |
298 | all resources attached to that instance. Use | |
299 | <command>poweroff</command> to issue a clean shutdown | |
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300 | request.</para> |
301 | ||
aefdc112 | 302 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> |
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303 | </varlistentry> |
304 | ||
305 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 306 | <term><command>kill</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
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307 | |
308 | <listitem><para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the | |
309 | virtual machine or container. This means processes as seen by | |
310 | the host, not the processes inside the virtual machine or | |
4ccde410 | 311 | container. Use <option>--kill-whom=</option> to select which |
798d3a52 | 312 | process to kill. Use <option>--signal=</option> to select the |
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313 | signal to send.</para> |
314 | ||
aefdc112 | 315 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> |
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316 | </varlistentry> |
317 | ||
318 | <varlistentry> | |
319 | <term><command>bind</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>PATH</replaceable> [<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>]</term> | |
320 | ||
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321 | <listitem><para>Bind mounts a file or directory from the host into the specified container. The first path |
322 | argument is the source file or directory on the host, the second path argument is the destination file or | |
323 | directory in the container. When the latter is omitted, the destination path in the container is the same as | |
324 | the source path on the host. When combined with the <option>--read-only</option> switch, a ready-only bind | |
325 | mount is created. When combined with the <option>--mkdir</option> switch, the destination path is first created | |
326 | before the mount is applied. Note that this option is currently only supported for | |
7f43928b | 327 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> containers, |
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328 | and only if user namespacing (<option>--private-users</option>) is not used. This command supports bind |
329 | mounting directories, regular files, device nodes, <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> socket nodes, as well as | |
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330 | FIFOs.</para> |
331 | ||
332 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
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333 | </varlistentry> |
334 | ||
335 | <varlistentry> | |
ae03e1a9 | 336 | <term><command>copy-to</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>PATH</replaceable> [<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>] <option>--force</option></term> |
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337 | |
338 | <listitem><para>Copies files or directories from the host | |
339 | system into a running container. Takes a container name, | |
340 | followed by the source path on the host and the destination | |
b938cb90 | 341 | path in the container. If the destination path is omitted, the |
d01cd401 | 342 | same as the source path is used.</para> |
798d3a52 | 343 | |
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344 | <para>If host and container share the same user and group namespace, file ownership by numeric user ID and |
345 | group ID is preserved for the copy, otherwise all files and directories in the copy will be owned by the root | |
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346 | user and group (UID/GID 0).</para> |
347 | ||
aefdc112 | 348 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
d01cd401 | 349 | </varlistentry> |
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350 | |
351 | <varlistentry> | |
ae03e1a9 | 352 | <term><command>copy-from</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>PATH</replaceable> [<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>] <option>--force</option></term> |
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353 | |
354 | <listitem><para>Copies files or directories from a container | |
355 | into the host system. Takes a container name, followed by the | |
e9dd6984 | 356 | source path in the container and the destination path on the host. |
b938cb90 | 357 | If the destination path is omitted, the same as the source path |
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358 | is used.</para> |
359 | ||
360 | <para>If host and container share the same user and group namespace, file ownership by numeric user ID and | |
361 | group ID is preserved for the copy, otherwise all files and directories in the copy will be owned by the root | |
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362 | user and group (UID/GID 0).</para> |
363 | ||
aefdc112 | 364 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
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365 | </varlistentry> |
366 | </variablelist></refsect2> | |
367 | ||
fd571c9d | 368 | <refsect2><title>Image Commands</title> |
798d3a52 | 369 | |
fd571c9d | 370 | <variablelist> |
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371 | <varlistentry> |
372 | <term><command>list-images</command></term> | |
373 | ||
374 | <listitem><para>Show a list of locally installed container and | |
375 | VM images. This enumerates all raw disk images and container | |
376 | directories and subvolumes in | |
377 | <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> (and other search | |
378 | paths, see below). Use <command>start</command> (see above) to | |
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379 | run a container off one of the listed images. Note that, by |
380 | default, containers whose name begins with a dot | |
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381 | (<literal>.</literal>) are not shown. To show these too, |
382 | specify <option>--all</option>. Note that a special image | |
383 | <literal>.host</literal> always implicitly exists and refers | |
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384 | to the image the host itself is booted from.</para> |
385 | ||
386 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
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387 | </varlistentry> |
388 | ||
389 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 390 | <term><command>image-status</command> [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…]</term> |
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391 | |
392 | <listitem><para>Show terse status information about one or | |
393 | more container or VM images. This function is intended to | |
394 | generate human-readable output. Use | |
395 | <command>show-image</command> (see below) to generate | |
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396 | computer-parsable output instead.</para> |
397 | ||
aefdc112 | 398 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
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399 | </varlistentry> |
400 | ||
401 | <varlistentry> | |
1eecafb8 | 402 | <term><command>show-image</command> [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…]</term> |
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403 | |
404 | <listitem><para>Show properties of one or more registered | |
405 | virtual machine or container images, or the manager itself. If | |
406 | no argument is specified, properties of the manager will be | |
037a3ded | 407 | shown. If a NAME is specified, properties of this virtual |
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408 | machine or container image are shown. By default, empty |
409 | properties are suppressed. Use <option>--all</option> to show | |
410 | those too. To select specific properties to show, use | |
411 | <option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be | |
412 | used whenever computer-parsable output is required. Use | |
413 | <command>image-status</command> if you are looking for | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
414 | formatted human-readable output.</para> |
415 | ||
aefdc112 | 416 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
417 | </varlistentry> |
418 | ||
1ed35a0d MY |
419 | <varlistentry> |
420 | <term><command>edit</command> <replaceable>NAME|FILE</replaceable></term> | |
421 | ||
bf63dadb ZJS |
422 | <listitem><para>Edit the settings file of the specified machines. For the format of the settings |
423 | file, refer to | |
424 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>systemd.nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
425 | If an existing settings file of the given machine can't be found, <command>edit</command> | |
59b13e07 S |
426 | automatically create a new settings file from scratch under |
427 | <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename>. | |
bf63dadb | 428 | </para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
429 | |
430 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
1ed35a0d MY |
431 | </varlistentry> |
432 | ||
433 | <varlistentry> | |
434 | <term><command>cat</command> <replaceable>NAME|FILE</replaceable></term> | |
435 | ||
ec07c3c8 AK |
436 | <listitem><para>Show the settings file of the specified machines.</para> |
437 | ||
438 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem> | |
1ed35a0d MY |
439 | </varlistentry> |
440 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
441 | <varlistentry> |
442 | <term><command>clone</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term> | |
443 | ||
d13febb1 LP |
444 | <listitem><para>Clones a container or VM image. The arguments specify the name of the image to clone and the |
445 | name of the newly cloned image. Note that plain directory container images are cloned into btrfs subvolume | |
446 | images with this command, if the underlying file system supports this. Note that cloning a container or VM | |
17cbb288 LP |
447 | image is optimized for file systems that support copy-on-write, and might not be efficient on others, due to |
448 | file system limitations.</para> | |
3fe22bb4 | 449 | |
38b38500 | 450 | <para>Note that this command leaves hostname, machine ID and |
3fe22bb4 LP |
451 | all other settings that could identify the instance |
452 | unmodified. The original image and the cloned copy will hence | |
453 | share these credentials, and it might be necessary to manually | |
d94c2b06 LP |
454 | change them in the copy.</para> |
455 | ||
456 | <para>If combined with the <option>--read-only</option> switch a read-only cloned image is | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
457 | created.</para> |
458 | ||
459 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
460 | </varlistentry> |
461 | ||
462 | <varlistentry> | |
463 | <term><command>rename</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term> | |
464 | ||
d6ce17c7 | 465 | <listitem><para>Renames a container or VM image. The |
798d3a52 | 466 | arguments specify the name of the image to rename and the new |
ec07c3c8 AK |
467 | name of the image.</para> |
468 | ||
469 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
470 | </varlistentry> |
471 | ||
472 | <varlistentry> | |
473 | <term><command>read-only</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> [<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable>]</term> | |
474 | ||
d6ce17c7 | 475 | <listitem><para>Marks or (unmarks) a container or VM image |
798d3a52 ZJS |
476 | read-only. Takes a VM or container image name, followed by a |
477 | boolean as arguments. If the boolean is omitted, positive is | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
478 | implied, i.e. the image is marked read-only.</para> |
479 | ||
480 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
481 | </varlistentry> |
482 | ||
798d3a52 | 483 | <varlistentry> |
1eecafb8 | 484 | <term><command>remove</command> <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>…</term> |
798d3a52 | 485 | |
d6ce17c7 | 486 | <listitem><para>Removes one or more container or VM images. |
798d3a52 | 487 | The special image <literal>.host</literal>, which refers to |
b938cb90 | 488 | the host's own directory tree, may not be |
ec07c3c8 AK |
489 | removed.</para> |
490 | ||
aefdc112 | 491 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
492 | </varlistentry> |
493 | ||
d6ce17c7 LP |
494 | <varlistentry> |
495 | <term><command>set-limit</command> [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>] <replaceable>BYTES</replaceable></term> | |
496 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 497 | <listitem><para>Sets the maximum size in bytes that a specific |
b938cb90 | 498 | container or VM image, or all images, may grow up to on disk |
7de30452 | 499 | (disk quota). Takes either one or two parameters. The first, |
d6ce17c7 | 500 | optional parameter refers to a container or VM image name. If |
b938cb90 JE |
501 | specified, the size limit of the specified image is changed. If |
502 | omitted, the overall size limit of the sum of all images stored | |
7de30452 LP |
503 | locally is changed. The final argument specifies the size |
504 | limit in bytes, possibly suffixed by the usual K, M, G, T | |
505 | units. If the size limit shall be disabled, specify | |
506 | <literal>-</literal> as size.</para> | |
507 | ||
ec07c3c8 AK |
508 | <para>Note that per-container size limits are only supported on btrfs file systems.</para> |
509 | ||
510 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v220"/></listitem> | |
d6ce17c7 LP |
511 | </varlistentry> |
512 | ||
d94c2b06 LP |
513 | <varlistentry> |
514 | <term><command>clean</command></term> | |
515 | ||
516 | <listitem><para>Remove hidden VM or container images (or all). This command removes all hidden machine images | |
3b121157 | 517 | from <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename>, i.e. those whose name begins with a dot. Use <command>machinectl |
d94c2b06 LP |
518 | list-images --all</command> to see a list of all machine images, including the hidden ones.</para> |
519 | ||
520 | <para>When combined with the <option>--all</option> switch removes all images, not just hidden ones. This | |
3b121157 | 521 | command effectively empties <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename>.</para> |
d94c2b06 | 522 | |
fd571c9d | 523 | <para>Note that commands such as <command>importctl pull-tar</command> or <command>importctl |
d94c2b06 LP |
524 | pull-raw</command> usually create hidden, read-only, unmodified machine images from the downloaded image first, |
525 | before cloning a writable working copy of it, in order to avoid duplicate downloads in case of images that are | |
526 | reused multiple times. Use <command>machinectl clean</command> to remove old, hidden images created this | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
527 | way.</para> |
528 | ||
529 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/></listitem> | |
d94c2b06 LP |
530 | </varlistentry> |
531 | ||
798d3a52 | 532 | </variablelist></refsect2> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
533 | </refsect1> |
534 | ||
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
535 | <refsect1> |
536 | <title>Options</title> | |
537 | ||
538 | <para>The following options are understood:</para> | |
539 | ||
540 | <variablelist> | |
541 | <varlistentry> | |
542 | <term><option>-p</option></term> | |
543 | <term><option>--property=</option></term> | |
544 | ||
545 | <listitem><para>When showing machine or image properties, | |
546 | limit the output to certain properties as specified by the | |
547 | argument. If not specified, all set properties are shown. The | |
548 | argument should be a property name, such as | |
549 | <literal>Name</literal>. If specified more than once, all | |
550 | properties with the specified names are | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
551 | shown.</para> |
552 | ||
553 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
554 | </varlistentry> |
555 | ||
c5c61950 ZJS |
556 | <varlistentry> |
557 | <term><option>--value</option></term> | |
558 | ||
559 | <listitem><para>When printing properties with <command>show</command>, only print the value, | |
560 | and skip the property name and <literal>=</literal>.</para> | |
561 | ||
562 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/></listitem> | |
563 | </varlistentry> | |
564 | ||
565 | <xi:include href="timedatectl.xml" xpointer="option-P"/> | |
566 | ||
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
567 | <varlistentry> |
568 | <term><option>-a</option></term> | |
569 | <term><option>--all</option></term> | |
570 | ||
571 | <listitem><para>When showing machine or image properties, show | |
572 | all properties regardless of whether they are set or | |
573 | not.</para> | |
574 | ||
575 | <para>When listing VM or container images, do not suppress | |
576 | images beginning in a dot character | |
577 | (<literal>.</literal>).</para> | |
578 | ||
ec07c3c8 AK |
579 | <para>When cleaning VM or container images, remove all images, not just hidden ones.</para> |
580 | ||
581 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
582 | </varlistentry> |
583 | ||
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
584 | <varlistentry> |
585 | <term><option>-l</option></term> | |
586 | <term><option>--full</option></term> | |
587 | ||
12845a91 YW |
588 | <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize process tree entries or table. This implies |
589 | <option>--max-addresses=full</option>.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
590 | |
591 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
592 | </listitem> |
593 | </varlistentry> | |
594 | ||
595 | <varlistentry> | |
4ccde410 | 596 | <term><option>--kill-whom=</option></term> |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
597 | |
598 | <listitem><para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose | |
599 | which processes to kill. Must be one of | |
600 | <option>leader</option>, or <option>all</option> to select | |
601 | whether to kill only the leader process of the machine or all | |
602 | processes of the machine. If omitted, defaults to | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
603 | <option>all</option>.</para> |
604 | ||
aefdc112 | 605 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem> |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
606 | </varlistentry> |
607 | ||
86beb213 | 608 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="signal" /> |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
609 | |
610 | <varlistentry> | |
611 | <term><option>--uid=</option></term> | |
612 | ||
613 | <listitem><para>When used with the <command>shell</command> command, chooses the user ID to | |
614 | open the interactive shell session as. If the argument to the <command>shell</command> | |
615 | command also specifies a user name, this option is ignored. If the name is not specified | |
616 | in either way, <literal>root</literal> will be used by default. Note that this switch is | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
617 | not supported for the <command>login</command> command (see below).</para> |
618 | ||
619 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v225"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
620 | </varlistentry> |
621 | ||
622 | <varlistentry> | |
89bf86e0 ZJS |
623 | <term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term> |
624 | <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term> | |
625 | ||
626 | <listitem><para>When used with the <command>shell</command> command, sets an environment variable for | |
627 | the executed shell. This option may be used more than once to set multiple variables. When | |
628 | <literal>=</literal> and <replaceable>VALUE</replaceable> are omitted, the value of the variable with | |
629 | the same name in the program environment will be used.</para> | |
630 | ||
631 | <para>Note that this option is not supported for the <command>login</command> command. | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
632 | </para> |
633 | ||
aefdc112 | 634 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v230"/></listitem> |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
635 | </varlistentry> |
636 | ||
637 | <varlistentry> | |
638 | <term><option>--mkdir</option></term> | |
639 | ||
640 | <listitem><para>When used with <command>bind</command>, creates the destination file or directory before | |
641 | applying the bind mount. Note that even though the name of this option suggests that it is suitable only for | |
642 | directories, this option also creates the destination file node to mount over if the object to mount is not | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
643 | a directory, but a regular file, device node, socket or FIFO.</para> |
644 | ||
645 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
646 | </varlistentry> |
647 | ||
648 | <varlistentry> | |
649 | <term><option>--read-only</option></term> | |
650 | ||
651 | <listitem><para>When used with <command>bind</command>, creates a read-only bind mount.</para> | |
652 | ||
fd571c9d | 653 | <para>When used with <command>clone</command> a read-only container or VM image is created.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
654 | |
655 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
656 | </varlistentry> |
657 | ||
658 | <varlistentry> | |
659 | <term><option>-n</option></term> | |
660 | <term><option>--lines=</option></term> | |
661 | ||
662 | <listitem><para>When used with <command>status</command>, | |
663 | controls the number of journal lines to show, counting from | |
664 | the most recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument. | |
665 | Defaults to 10.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
666 | |
667 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
668 | </listitem> |
669 | </varlistentry> | |
670 | ||
671 | <varlistentry> | |
672 | <term><option>-o</option></term> | |
673 | <term><option>--output=</option></term> | |
674 | ||
675 | <listitem><para>When used with <command>status</command>, | |
676 | controls the formatting of the journal entries that are shown. | |
677 | For the available choices, see | |
678 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
679 | Defaults to <literal>short</literal>.</para> |
680 | ||
681 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
682 | </varlistentry> |
683 | ||
f82dcc3f | 684 | <varlistentry> |
f82dcc3f SL |
685 | <term><option>--runner=</option><option>nspawn</option>|<option>vmspawn</option></term> |
686 | ||
687 | <listitem><para>When operating on machines choose whether to use | |
688 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
689 | or | |
690 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vmspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
691 | By default | |
692 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
693 | is used. | |
694 | </para> | |
695 | ||
3c1053ff LP |
696 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem> |
697 | </varlistentry> | |
698 | ||
699 | <varlistentry> | |
700 | <term><option>-V</option></term> | |
701 | ||
702 | <listitem><para><option>-V</option> is a shorthand for <option>--runner=vmspawn</option>.</para> | |
f82dcc3f SL |
703 | |
704 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem> | |
705 | </varlistentry> | |
706 | ||
c2434a61 MY |
707 | <varlistentry> |
708 | <term><option>--now</option></term> | |
709 | ||
710 | <listitem> | |
711 | <para>When used with <command>enable</command> or <command>disable</command>, | |
712 | the containers will also be started or powered off. The start or poweroff | |
713 | operation is only carried out when the respective enable or disable | |
714 | operation has been successful.</para> | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
715 | |
716 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v253"/> | |
c2434a61 MY |
717 | </listitem> |
718 | </varlistentry> | |
719 | ||
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
720 | <varlistentry> |
721 | <term><option>--force</option></term> | |
722 | ||
fd571c9d | 723 | <listitem><para>Replace target file when copying files.</para> |
ec07c3c8 AK |
724 | |
725 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
726 | </varlistentry> |
727 | ||
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
728 | <varlistentry> |
729 | <term><option>--max-addresses=</option></term> | |
730 | ||
99b8149a ZJS |
731 | <listitem><para>When used with the <option>list-machines</option> command, limits the number of IP |
732 | addresses shown for every machine. Defaults to 1. All addresses can be requested with | |
733 | <literal>all</literal>. If the limit is 0, the address column is not shown. Otherwise, if the machine | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
734 | has more addresses than shown, <literal>…</literal> follows the last address.</para> |
735 | ||
736 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v232"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
737 | </varlistentry> |
738 | ||
739 | <varlistentry> | |
740 | <term><option>-q</option></term> | |
741 | <term><option>--quiet</option></term> | |
742 | ||
ec07c3c8 AK |
743 | <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output while running.</para> |
744 | ||
745 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
746 | </varlistentry> |
747 | ||
748 | <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> | |
749 | ||
750 | <varlistentry> | |
751 | <term><option>-M</option></term> | |
752 | <term><option>--machine=</option></term> | |
753 | ||
754 | <listitem><para>Connect to | |
755 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
756 | running in a local container, to perform the specified operation within | |
ec07c3c8 AK |
757 | the container.</para> |
758 | ||
759 | <xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v235"/></listitem> | |
e1fac8a6 ZJS |
760 | </varlistentry> |
761 | ||
762 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" /> | |
763 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" /> | |
764 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-ask-password" /> | |
765 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> | |
766 | <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> | |
767 | </variablelist> | |
768 | </refsect1> | |
769 | ||
91913f58 LP |
770 | <refsect1> |
771 | <title>Machine and Image Names</title> | |
772 | ||
773 | <para>The <command>machinectl</command> tool operates on machines | |
b938cb90 | 774 | and images whose names must be chosen following strict |
38b38500 | 775 | rules. Machine names must be suitable for use as hostnames |
91913f58 LP |
776 | following a conservative subset of DNS and UNIX/Linux |
777 | semantics. Specifically, they must consist of one or more | |
778 | non-empty label strings, separated by dots. No leading or trailing | |
779 | dots are allowed. No sequences of multiple dots are allowed. The | |
a8eaaee7 | 780 | label strings may only consist of alphanumeric characters as well |
91913f58 LP |
781 | as the dash and underscore. The maximum length of a machine name |
782 | is 64 characters.</para> | |
783 | ||
784 | <para>A special machine with the name <literal>.host</literal> | |
785 | refers to the running host system itself. This is useful for execution | |
a8eaaee7 | 786 | operations or inspecting the host system as well. Note that |
91913f58 LP |
787 | <command>machinectl list</command> will not show this special |
788 | machine unless the <option>--all</option> switch is specified.</para> | |
789 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 790 | <para>Requirements on image names are less strict, however, they must be |
91913f58 LP |
791 | valid UTF-8, must be suitable as file names (hence not be the |
792 | single or double dot, and not include a slash), and may not | |
793 | contain control characters. Since many operations search for an | |
b938cb90 | 794 | image by the name of a requested machine, it is recommended to name |
91913f58 LP |
795 | images in the same strict fashion as machines.</para> |
796 | ||
797 | <para>A special image with the name <literal>.host</literal> | |
a8eaaee7 | 798 | refers to the image of the running host system. It hence |
91913f58 LP |
799 | conceptually maps to the special <literal>.host</literal> machine |
800 | name described above. Note that <command>machinectl | |
7ca41557 | 801 | list-images</command> will not show this special image either, unless |
91913f58 LP |
802 | <option>--all</option> is specified.</para> |
803 | </refsect1> | |
804 | ||
798d3a52 ZJS |
805 | <refsect1> |
806 | <title>Files and Directories</title> | |
807 | ||
808 | <para>Machine images are preferably stored in | |
809 | <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename>, but are also searched for | |
810 | in <filename>/usr/local/lib/machines/</filename> and | |
b938cb90 | 811 | <filename>/usr/lib/machines/</filename>. For compatibility reasons, |
798d3a52 ZJS |
812 | the directory <filename>/var/lib/container/</filename> is |
813 | searched, too. Note that images stored below | |
3b121157 | 814 | <filename>/usr/</filename> are always considered read-only. It is |
798d3a52 ZJS |
815 | possible to symlink machines images from other directories into |
816 | <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> to make them available for | |
817 | control with <command>machinectl</command>.</para> | |
818 | ||
5f7ecd61 | 819 | <para>Note that some image operations are only supported, efficient or atomic on btrfs file systems.</para> |
7de30452 | 820 | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
821 | <para>Disk images are understood by |
822 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
823 | and <command>machinectl</command> in three formats:</para> | |
824 | ||
825 | <itemizedlist> | |
826 | <listitem><para>A simple directory tree, containing the files | |
827 | and directories of the container to boot.</para></listitem> | |
828 | ||
a8eaaee7 | 829 | <listitem><para>Subvolumes (on btrfs file systems), which are |
798d3a52 ZJS |
830 | similar to the simple directories, described above. However, |
831 | they have additional benefits, such as efficient cloning and | |
832 | quota reporting.</para></listitem> | |
833 | ||
834 | <listitem><para>"Raw" disk images, i.e. binary images of disks | |
835 | with a GPT or MBR partition table. Images of this type are | |
836 | regular files with the suffix | |
837 | <literal>.raw</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
838 | </itemizedlist> | |
839 | ||
840 | <para>See | |
841 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
a8eaaee7 | 842 | for more information on image formats, in particular its |
798d3a52 ZJS |
843 | <option>--directory=</option> and <option>--image=</option> |
844 | options.</para> | |
845 | </refsect1> | |
846 | ||
847 | <refsect1> | |
848 | <title>Examples</title> | |
fd571c9d LP |
849 | |
850 | <xi:include href="importctl.xml" xpointer="example-import-raw" /> | |
ef3100e9 | 851 | |
798d3a52 ZJS |
852 | </refsect1> |
853 | ||
854 | <refsect1> | |
855 | <title>Exit status</title> | |
856 | ||
857 | <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code | |
858 | otherwise.</para> | |
859 | </refsect1> | |
860 | ||
4ef3ca34 | 861 | <xi:include href="common-variables.xml" /> |
798d3a52 ZJS |
862 | |
863 | <refsect1> | |
864 | <title>See Also</title> | |
13a69c12 DT |
865 | <para><simplelist type="inline"> |
866 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
867 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
868 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
869 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
fd571c9d | 870 | <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>importctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> |
13a69c12 DT |
871 | <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>tar</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> |
872 | <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>xz</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
873 | <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>gzip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
874 | <member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>bzip2</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member> | |
875 | </simplelist></para> | |
798d3a52 | 876 | </refsect1> |
19887cd0 ZJS |
877 | |
878 | </refentry> |