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[thirdparty/systemd.git] / man / nss-mymachines.xml

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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->

<refentry id="nss-mymachines" conditional='ENABLE_NSS_MYMACHINES'>

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>nss-mymachines</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>nss-mymachines</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>nss-mymachines</refname>
    <refname>libnss_mymachines.so.2</refname>
    <refpurpose>Provide hostname resolution for local
    container instances.</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <para><filename>libnss_mymachines.so.2</filename></para>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><command>nss-mymachines</command> is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of
    the GNU C Library (<command>glibc</command>), providing hostname resolution for the names of containers running
    locally that are registered with
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
    container names are resolved to the IP addresses of the specific container, ordered by their scope. This
    functionality only applies to containers using network namespacing (see the description of
    <option>--private-network</option> in
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
    Note that the name that is resolved is the one registered with <command>systemd-machined</command>, which
    may be different than the hostname configured inside of the container.</para>

    <para>The module also provides name resolution for user and group identifiers mapped to containers. All names from
    the range allocated to a given container <replaceable>container</replaceable> are exposed on the host as
    <literal>vu-<replaceable>container</replaceable>-<replaceable>uid</replaceable></literal> and
    <literal>vg-<replaceable>container</replaceable>-<replaceable>gid</replaceable></literal> (see example below). This
    functionality only applies to containers using user namespacing (see the description of
    <option>--private-users</option> in
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>

    <para>To activate the NSS module, add <literal>mymachines</literal> to the lines starting with
    <literal>hosts:</literal>, <literal>passwd:</literal> and <literal>group:</literal> in
    <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>.</para>

    <para>It is recommended to place <literal>mymachines</literal> after the <literal>files</literal> or
    <literal>compat</literal> entry of the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> lines to make sure that its mappings
    are preferred over other resolvers such as DNS, but so that <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>,
    <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> based mappings take precedence.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Configuration in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename></title>

    <para>Here is an example <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file that enables
    <command>nss-mymachines</command> correctly:</para>

    <!-- synchronize with other nss-* man pages and factory/etc/nsswitch.conf -->
    <programlisting>passwd:         compat <command>mymachines</command> systemd
group:          compat <command>mymachines</command> systemd
shadow:         compat

hosts:          files <command>mymachines</command> resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns myhostname
networks:       files

protocols:      db files
services:       db files
ethers:         db files
rpc:            db files

netgroup:       nis</programlisting>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Mappings provided by <filename>nss-mymachines</filename></title>

    <para>The container <literal>rawhide</literal> is spawned using
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>:
    </para>

    <programlisting># systemd-nspawn -M rawhide --boot --network-veth --private-users=pick
Spawning container rawhide on /var/lib/machines/rawhide.
Selected user namespace base 20119552 and range 65536.
...

$ machinectl --max-addresses=3
MACHINE CLASS     SERVICE        OS     VERSION ADDRESSES
rawhide container systemd-nspawn fedora 30      169.254.40.164 fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9

$ getent passwd vu-rawhide-0 vu-rawhide-81
vu-rawhide-0:*:20119552:65534:vu-rawhide-0:/:/sbin/nologin
vu-rawhide-81:*:20119633:65534:vu-rawhide-81:/:/sbin/nologin

$ getent group vg-rawhide-0 vg-rawhide-81
vg-rawhide-0:*:20119552:
vg-rawhide-81:*:20119633:

$ ps -o user:15,pid,tty,command -e|grep '^vu-rawhide'
vu-rawhide-0      692 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd
vu-rawhide-0      731 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
vu-rawhide-192    734 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd
vu-rawhide-193    738 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-resolved
vu-rawhide-0      742 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
vu-rawhide-81     744 ?        /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only
vu-rawhide-0      746 ?        /usr/sbin/sshd -D ...
vu-rawhide-0      752 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
vu-rawhide-0      753 ?        (sd-pam)
vu-rawhide-0     1628 ?        login -- zbyszek
vu-rawhide-1000  1630 ?        /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
vu-rawhide-1000  1631 ?        (sd-pam)
vu-rawhide-1000  1637 pts/8    -zsh

$ ping -c1 rawhide
PING rawhide(fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9%ve-rawhide (fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9%ve-rawhide)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9%ve-rawhide (fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9%ve-rawhide): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
...
$ ping -c1 -4 rawhide
PING rawhide (169.254.40.164) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 169.254.40.164 (169.254.40.164): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
...

# machinectl shell rawhide /sbin/ip a
Connected to machine rawhide. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session.
1: lo: &lt;LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    ...
2: host0@if21: &lt;BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 96:aa:3a:7b:d4:b9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 169.254.40.164/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope link host0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::94aa:3aff:fe7b:d4b9/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
Connection to machine rawhide terminated.
</programlisting>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-resolve</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-myhostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>nsswitch.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>