projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / blame
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1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> |
| 2 | <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?> | |
| 3 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" | |
| 4 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
| 5 | ||
| 6 | <!-- | |
| 7 | This file is part of systemd. | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering | |
| 10 | ||
| 11 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 5430f7f2 LP |
12 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
| 13 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
14 | (at your option) any later version. |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
| 17 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
| 18 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
| 5430f7f2 | 19 | Lesser General Public License for more details. |
| dd1eb43b | 20 | |
| 5430f7f2 | 21 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
| dd1eb43b LP |
22 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
| 23 | --> | |
| 24 | ||
| 25 | <refentry id="systemd.exec"> | |
| 26 | <refentryinfo> | |
| 27 | <title>systemd.exec</title> | |
| 28 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
| 29 | ||
| 30 | <authorgroup> | |
| 31 | <author> | |
| 32 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
| 33 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
| 34 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
| 35 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
| 36 | </author> | |
| 37 | </authorgroup> | |
| 38 | </refentryinfo> | |
| 39 | ||
| 40 | <refmeta> | |
| 41 | <refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle> | |
| 42 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
| 43 | </refmeta> | |
| 44 | ||
| 45 | <refnamediv> | |
| 46 | <refname>systemd.exec</refname> | |
| 34511ca7 | 47 | <refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
48 | </refnamediv> |
| 49 | ||
| 50 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
| 51 | <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>, | |
| 52 | <filename>systemd.socket</filename>, | |
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53 | <filename>systemd.mount</filename>, |
| 54 | <filename>systemd.swap</filename></para> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
55 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
| 56 | ||
| 57 | <refsect1> | |
| 58 | <title>Description</title> | |
| 59 | ||
| 9a666408 | 60 | <para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets, |
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61 | mount points and swap devices share a subset of |
| 62 | configuration options which define the execution | |
| 63 | environment of spawned processes.</para> | |
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64 | |
| 65 | <para>This man page lists the configuration options | |
| 9a666408 | 66 | shared by these four unit types. See |
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67 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 68 | for the common options of all unit configuration | |
| 69 | files, and | |
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70 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 71 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 72 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
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73 | and |
| 74 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 75 | for more information on the specific unit | |
| 76 | configuration files. The execution specific | |
| 77 | configuration options are configured in the [Service], | |
| 16dad32e | 78 | [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit |
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79 | type.</para> |
| 80 | </refsect1> | |
| 81 | ||
| 82 | <refsect1> | |
| 83 | <title>Options</title> | |
| 84 | ||
| ccc9a4f9 | 85 | <variablelist class='unit-directives'> |
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86 | |
| 87 | <varlistentry> | |
| 88 | <term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term> | |
| 89 | ||
| 90 | <listitem><para>Takes an absolute | |
| 91 | directory path. Sets the working | |
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92 | directory for executed processes. If |
| 93 | not set defaults to the root directory | |
| 94 | when systemd is running as a system | |
| 95 | instance and the respective user's | |
| 96 | home directory if run as | |
| 97 | user.</para></listitem> | |
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98 | </varlistentry> |
| 99 | ||
| 100 | <varlistentry> | |
| 101 | <term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term> | |
| 102 | ||
| 103 | <listitem><para>Takes an absolute | |
| 104 | directory path. Sets the root | |
| 105 | directory for executed processes, with | |
| 106 | the | |
| 107 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 108 | system call. If this is used it must | |
| 109 | be ensured that the process and all | |
| 110 | its auxiliary files are available in | |
| 111 | the <function>chroot()</function> | |
| 112 | jail.</para></listitem> | |
| 113 | </varlistentry> | |
| 114 | ||
| 115 | <varlistentry> | |
| 116 | <term><varname>User=</varname></term> | |
| 117 | <term><varname>Group=</varname></term> | |
| 118 | ||
| 119 | <listitem><para>Sets the Unix user | |
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120 | or group that the processes are executed |
| 121 | as, respectively. Takes a single user or group | |
| dd1eb43b | 122 | name or ID as argument. If no group is |
| 16dad32e | 123 | set, the default group of the user is |
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124 | chosen.</para></listitem> |
| 125 | </varlistentry> | |
| 126 | ||
| 127 | <varlistentry> | |
| 128 | <term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term> | |
| 129 | ||
| 130 | <listitem><para>Sets the supplementary | |
| 131 | Unix groups the processes are executed | |
| 96d4ce01 | 132 | as. This takes a space separated list |
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133 | of group names or IDs. This option may |
| 134 | be specified more than once in which | |
| 135 | case all listed groups are set as | |
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136 | supplementary groups. When the empty |
| 137 | string is assigned the list of | |
| 138 | supplementary groups is reset, and all | |
| 139 | assignments prior to this one will | |
| 140 | have no effect. In any way, this | |
| 141 | option does not override, but extends | |
| 142 | the list of supplementary groups | |
| 143 | configured in the system group | |
| 144 | database for the | |
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145 | user.</para></listitem> |
| 146 | </varlistentry> | |
| 147 | ||
| 148 | <varlistentry> | |
| 149 | <term><varname>Nice=</varname></term> | |
| 150 | ||
| 151 | <listitem><para>Sets the default nice | |
| 152 | level (scheduling priority) for | |
| 153 | executed processes. Takes an integer | |
| 154 | between -20 (highest priority) and 19 | |
| 155 | (lowest priority). See | |
| 156 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 157 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 158 | </varlistentry> | |
| 159 | ||
| 160 | <varlistentry> | |
| dd6c17b1 | 161 | <term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term> |
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162 | |
| 163 | <listitem><para>Sets the adjustment | |
| 164 | level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for | |
| 165 | executed processes. Takes an integer | |
| dd6c17b1 LP |
166 | between -1000 (to disable OOM killing |
| 167 | for this process) and 1000 (to make | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
168 | killing of this process under memory |
| 169 | pressure very likely). See <ulink | |
| 170 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink> | |
| 171 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 172 | </varlistentry> | |
| 173 | ||
| 174 | <varlistentry> | |
| 175 | <term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term> | |
| 176 | ||
| 177 | <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling | |
| 178 | class for executed processes. Takes an | |
| 179 | integer between 0 and 3 or one of the | |
| 180 | strings <option>none</option>, | |
| 181 | <option>realtime</option>, | |
| 182 | <option>best-effort</option> or | |
| 183 | <option>idle</option>. See | |
| 184 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 185 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 186 | </varlistentry> | |
| 187 | ||
| 188 | <varlistentry> | |
| 189 | <term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term> | |
| 190 | ||
| 191 | <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling | |
| 192 | priority for executed processes. Takes | |
| 193 | an integer between 0 (highest | |
| 194 | priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The | |
| 195 | available priorities depend on the | |
| 196 | selected IO scheduling class (see | |
| 197 | above). See | |
| 198 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 199 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 200 | </varlistentry> | |
| 201 | ||
| 202 | <varlistentry> | |
| 203 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term> | |
| 204 | ||
| 205 | <listitem><para>Sets the CPU | |
| 206 | scheduling policy for executed | |
| 207 | processes. Takes one of | |
| 208 | <option>other</option>, | |
| 209 | <option>batch</option>, | |
| 210 | <option>idle</option>, | |
| 211 | <option>fifo</option> or | |
| 212 | <option>rr</option>. See | |
| 213 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 214 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 215 | </varlistentry> | |
| 216 | ||
| 217 | <varlistentry> | |
| 218 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term> | |
| 219 | ||
| 220 | <listitem><para>Sets the CPU | |
| 221 | scheduling priority for executed | |
| bb112710 | 222 | processes. The available priority |
| dd1eb43b | 223 | range depends on the selected CPU |
| bb112710 HHPF |
224 | scheduling policy (see above). For |
| 225 | real-time scheduling policies an | |
| 226 | integer between 1 (lowest priority) | |
| 227 | and 99 (highest priority) can be used. | |
| 228 | See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 229 | for details. | |
| 230 | </para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
231 | </varlistentry> |
| 232 | ||
| 233 | <varlistentry> | |
| 234 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term> | |
| 235 | ||
| 236 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 237 | argument. If true elevated CPU | |
| 238 | scheduling priorities and policies | |
| 239 | will be reset when the executed | |
| 240 | processes fork, and can hence not leak | |
| 241 | into child processes. See | |
| 242 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 243 | for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem> | |
| 244 | </varlistentry> | |
| 245 | ||
| 246 | <varlistentry> | |
| 247 | <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term> | |
| 248 | ||
| 249 | <listitem><para>Controls the CPU | |
| 250 | affinity of the executed | |
| 96d4ce01 | 251 | processes. Takes a space-separated |
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252 | list of CPU indexes. This option may |
| 253 | be specified more than once in which | |
| 254 | case the specificed CPU affinity masks | |
| 255 | are merged. If the empty string is | |
| 256 | assigned the mask is reset, all | |
| 257 | assignments prior to this will have no | |
| 258 | effect. See | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
259 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 260 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 261 | </varlistentry> | |
| 262 | ||
| 263 | <varlistentry> | |
| 264 | <term><varname>UMask=</varname></term> | |
| 265 | ||
| 266 | <listitem><para>Controls the file mode | |
| 267 | creation mask. Takes an access mode in | |
| 268 | octal notation. See | |
| 269 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 270 | for details. Defaults to | |
| 260d3708 | 271 | 0022.</para></listitem> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
272 | </varlistentry> |
| 273 | ||
| 274 | <varlistentry> | |
| 275 | <term><varname>Environment=</varname></term> | |
| 276 | ||
| 277 | <listitem><para>Sets environment | |
| 278 | variables for executed | |
| 96d4ce01 | 279 | processes. Takes a space-separated |
| dd1eb43b LP |
280 | list of variable assignments. This |
| 281 | option may be specified more than once | |
| 282 | in which case all listed variables | |
| 283 | will be set. If the same variable is | |
| 284 | set twice the later setting will | |
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285 | override the earlier setting. If the |
| 286 | empty string is assigned to this | |
| 287 | option the list of environment | |
| 288 | variables is reset, all prior | |
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289 | assignments have no effect. |
| 290 | Variable expansion is not performed | |
| 291 | inside the strings, and $ has no special | |
| 292 | meaning. | |
| 293 | If you need to assign a value containing spaces | |
| 294 | to a variable, use double quotes (") | |
| 295 | for the assignment.</para> | |
| 296 | ||
| 297 | <para>Example: | |
| 298 | <programlisting>Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"</programlisting> | |
| 299 | gives three variables <literal>VAR1</literal>, | |
| 300 | <literal>VAR2</literal>, <literal>VAR3</literal>. | |
| 301 | </para> | |
| 302 | ||
| 303 | <para> | |
| 304 | See | |
| dd1eb43b | 305 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 0ae9c92a | 306 | for details about environment variables.</para></listitem> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
307 | </varlistentry> |
| 308 | <varlistentry> | |
| 309 | <term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term> | |
| 310 | <listitem><para>Similar to | |
| 311 | <varname>Environment=</varname> but | |
| 312 | reads the environment variables from a | |
| 313 | text file. The text file should | |
| 96d4ce01 | 314 | contain new-line separated variable |
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315 | assignments. Empty lines and lines |
| 316 | starting with ; or # will be ignored, | |
| 565d91fd MV |
317 | which may be used for commenting. A line |
| 318 | ending with a backslash will be concatenated | |
| 319 | with the following one, allowing multiline variable | |
| 320 | definitions. The parser strips leading | |
| 321 | and trailing whitespace from the values | |
| 7734f773 | 322 | of assignments, unless you use |
| 74051b9b LP |
323 | double quotes (").</para> |
| 324 | ||
| 325 | <para>The argument passed should be an | |
| 326 | absolute file name or wildcard | |
| 327 | expression, optionally prefixed with | |
| afe4bfe2 LP |
328 | "-", which indicates that if the file |
| 329 | does not exist it won't be read and no | |
| 74051b9b LP |
330 | error or warning message is logged. |
| 331 | This option may be specified more than | |
| 332 | once in which case all specified files | |
| 333 | are read. If the empty string is | |
| 334 | assigned to this option the list of | |
| 335 | file to read is reset, all prior | |
| 336 | assignments have no effect.</para> | |
| 337 | ||
| 338 | <para>The files listed with this | |
| f1779fd2 LP |
339 | directive will be read shortly before |
| 340 | the process is executed. Settings from | |
| 341 | these files override settings made | |
| 342 | with | |
| 343 | <varname>Environment=</varname>. If | |
| 344 | the same variable is set twice from | |
| 345 | these files the files will be read in | |
| 346 | the order they are specified and the | |
| 347 | later setting will override the | |
| 74051b9b | 348 | earlier setting.</para></listitem> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
349 | </varlistentry> |
| 350 | ||
| 351 | <varlistentry> | |
| 352 | <term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term> | |
| 353 | <listitem><para>Controls where file | |
| 354 | descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed | |
| 355 | processes is connected to. Takes one | |
| 356 | of <option>null</option>, | |
| 357 | <option>tty</option>, | |
| 358 | <option>tty-force</option>, | |
| 359 | <option>tty-fail</option> or | |
| 360 | <option>socket</option>. If | |
| 361 | <option>null</option> is selected | |
| 362 | standard input will be connected to | |
| 363 | <filename>/dev/null</filename>, | |
| 364 | i.e. all read attempts by the process | |
| 365 | will result in immediate EOF. If | |
| 366 | <option>tty</option> is selected | |
| 367 | standard input is connected to a TTY | |
| 368 | (as configured by | |
| 369 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see | |
| 370 | below) and the executed process | |
| 371 | becomes the controlling process of the | |
| 372 | terminal. If the terminal is already | |
| f8553ccb AE |
373 | being controlled by another process the |
| 374 | executed process waits until the current | |
| 375 | controlling process releases the | |
| 376 | terminal. | |
| 377 | <option>tty-force</option> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
378 | is similar to <option>tty</option>, |
| 379 | but the executed process is forcefully | |
| 380 | and immediately made the controlling | |
| 381 | process of the terminal, potentially | |
| 382 | removing previous controlling | |
| 383 | processes from the | |
| 384 | terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is | |
| 385 | similar to <option>tty</option> but if | |
| 386 | the terminal already has a controlling | |
| 387 | process start-up of the executed | |
| 388 | process fails. The | |
| 389 | <option>socket</option> option is only | |
| 390 | valid in socket-activated services, | |
| 391 | and only when the socket configuration | |
| 392 | file (see | |
| 393 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 394 | for details) specifies a single socket | |
| 395 | only. If this option is set standard | |
| 396 | input will be connected to the socket | |
| 397 | the service was activated from, which | |
| 398 | is primarily useful for compatibility | |
| 399 | with daemons designed for use with the | |
| 400 | traditional | |
| 401 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 402 | daemon. This setting defaults to | |
| 403 | <option>null</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 404 | </varlistentry> | |
| 405 | <varlistentry> | |
| 406 | <term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term> | |
| 407 | <listitem><para>Controls where file | |
| 408 | descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed | |
| 409 | processes is connected to. Takes one | |
| 410 | of <option>inherit</option>, | |
| 411 | <option>null</option>, | |
| 412 | <option>tty</option>, | |
| 413 | <option>syslog</option>, | |
| 28dbc1e8 | 414 | <option>kmsg</option>, |
| 706343f4 LP |
415 | <option>journal</option>, |
| 416 | <option>syslog+console</option>, | |
| 28dbc1e8 | 417 | <option>kmsg+console</option>, |
| 706343f4 | 418 | <option>journal+console</option> or |
| dd1eb43b LP |
419 | <option>socket</option>. If set to |
| 420 | <option>inherit</option> the file | |
| 421 | descriptor of standard input is | |
| 422 | duplicated for standard output. If set | |
| 423 | to <option>null</option> standard | |
| 424 | output will be connected to | |
| 425 | <filename>/dev/null</filename>, | |
| 426 | i.e. everything written to it will be | |
| 427 | lost. If set to <option>tty</option> | |
| 428 | standard output will be connected to a | |
| 429 | tty (as configured via | |
| 430 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see | |
| 431 | below). If the TTY is used for output | |
| 432 | only the executed process will not | |
| 433 | become the controlling process of the | |
| 434 | terminal, and will not fail or wait | |
| 435 | for other processes to release the | |
| 436 | terminal. <option>syslog</option> | |
| 437 | connects standard output to the | |
| 438 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 346bce1f LP |
439 | system syslog |
| 440 | service. <option>kmsg</option> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
441 | connects it with the kernel log buffer |
| 442 | which is accessible via | |
| 706343f4 LP |
443 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>journal</option> |
| 444 | connects it with the journal which is | |
| 445 | accessible via | |
| 169c4f65 | 446 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 706343f4 LP |
447 | (Note that everything that is written |
| 448 | to syslog or kmsg is implicitly stored | |
| 449 | in the journal as well, those options | |
| 450 | are hence supersets of this | |
| 451 | one). <option>syslog+console</option>, | |
| 452 | <option>journal+console</option> and | |
| 453 | <option>kmsg+console</option> work | |
| 28dbc1e8 LP |
454 | similarly but copy the output to the |
| 455 | system console as | |
| 456 | well. <option>socket</option> connects | |
| 457 | standard output to a socket from | |
| 458 | socket activation, semantics are | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
459 | similar to the respective option of |
| 460 | <varname>StandardInput=</varname>. | |
| de6c78f8 LP |
461 | This setting defaults to the value set |
| 462 | with | |
| 463 | <option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option> | |
| 464 | in | |
| 465 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 466 | which defaults to | |
| 706343f4 | 467 | <option>journal</option>.</para></listitem> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
468 | </varlistentry> |
| 469 | <varlistentry> | |
| ad678a06 | 470 | <term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
471 | <listitem><para>Controls where file |
| 472 | descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the executed | |
| 473 | processes is connected to. The | |
| 474 | available options are identical to | |
| 475 | those of | |
| ad678a06 | 476 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname>, |
| 5471472d | 477 | with one exception: if set to |
| dd1eb43b LP |
478 | <option>inherit</option> the file |
| 479 | descriptor used for standard output is | |
| 480 | duplicated for standard error. This | |
| de6c78f8 LP |
481 | setting defaults to the value set with |
| 482 | <option>DefaultStandardError=</option> | |
| 483 | in | |
| 484 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 485 | which defaults to | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
486 | <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 487 | </varlistentry> | |
| 488 | <varlistentry> | |
| 489 | <term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term> | |
| 490 | <listitem><para>Sets the terminal | |
| 491 | device node to use if standard input, | |
| 492 | output or stderr are connected to a | |
| 493 | TTY (see above). Defaults to | |
| 494 | <filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem> | |
| 495 | </varlistentry> | |
| 6ea832a2 LP |
496 | <varlistentry> |
| 497 | <term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term> | |
| 498 | <listitem><para>Reset the terminal | |
| 499 | device specified with | |
| 500 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and | |
| 501 | after execution. Defaults to | |
| 502 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
| 503 | </varlistentry> | |
| 504 | <varlistentry> | |
| 505 | <term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term> | |
| 506 | <listitem><para>Disconnect all clients | |
| 507 | which have opened the terminal device | |
| 508 | specified with | |
| 509 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> | |
| 510 | before and after execution. Defaults | |
| 511 | to | |
| 512 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
| 513 | </varlistentry> | |
| 514 | <varlistentry> | |
| 515 | <term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term> | |
| c5315881 | 516 | <listitem><para>If the terminal |
| 6ea832a2 LP |
517 | device specified with |
| 518 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a | |
| 519 | virtual console terminal try to | |
| 520 | deallocate the TTY before and after | |
| 521 | execution. This ensures that the | |
| 522 | screen and scrollback buffer is | |
| 523 | cleared. Defaults to | |
| 524 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
| 525 | </varlistentry> | |
| dd1eb43b | 526 | <varlistentry> |
| 48c4fad9 | 527 | <term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
528 | <listitem><para>Sets the process name |
| 529 | to prefix log lines sent to syslog or | |
| 530 | the kernel log buffer with. If not set | |
| 531 | defaults to the process name of the | |
| 532 | executed process. This option is only | |
| 533 | useful when | |
| 534 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or | |
| 535 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
| 536 | set to <option>syslog</option> or | |
| 537 | <option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 538 | </varlistentry> | |
| 539 | <varlistentry> | |
| 540 | <term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term> | |
| 541 | <listitem><para>Sets the syslog | |
| 542 | facility to use when logging to | |
| 543 | syslog. One of <option>kern</option>, | |
| 544 | <option>user</option>, | |
| 545 | <option>mail</option>, | |
| 546 | <option>daemon</option>, | |
| 547 | <option>auth</option>, | |
| 548 | <option>syslog</option>, | |
| 549 | <option>lpr</option>, | |
| 550 | <option>news</option>, | |
| 551 | <option>uucp</option>, | |
| 552 | <option>cron</option>, | |
| 553 | <option>authpriv</option>, | |
| 554 | <option>ftp</option>, | |
| 555 | <option>local0</option>, | |
| 556 | <option>local1</option>, | |
| 557 | <option>local2</option>, | |
| 558 | <option>local3</option>, | |
| 559 | <option>local4</option>, | |
| 560 | <option>local5</option>, | |
| 561 | <option>local6</option> or | |
| 562 | <option>local7</option>. See | |
| 563 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 564 | for details. This option is only | |
| 565 | useful when | |
| 566 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or | |
| 567 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
| 568 | set to <option>syslog</option>. | |
| 569 | Defaults to | |
| 570 | <option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 571 | </varlistentry> | |
| 572 | <varlistentry> | |
| 573 | <term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term> | |
| 574 | <listitem><para>Default syslog level | |
| 575 | to use when logging to syslog or the | |
| 576 | kernel log buffer. One of | |
| 577 | <option>emerg</option>, | |
| 578 | <option>alert</option>, | |
| 579 | <option>crit</option>, | |
| 580 | <option>err</option>, | |
| 581 | <option>warning</option>, | |
| 582 | <option>notice</option>, | |
| 583 | <option>info</option>, | |
| 584 | <option>debug</option>. See | |
| 585 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 586 | for details. This option is only | |
| 587 | useful when | |
| 588 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or | |
| 589 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
| 590 | set to <option>syslog</option> or | |
| 591 | <option>kmsg</option>. Note that | |
| 592 | individual lines output by the daemon | |
| 593 | might be prefixed with a different log | |
| 594 | level which can be used to override | |
| 595 | the default log level specified | |
| 596 | here. The interpretation of these | |
| 597 | prefixes may be disabled with | |
| 74922904 | 598 | <varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>, |
| dd1eb43b | 599 | see below. For details see |
| cb07866b | 600 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| dd1eb43b LP |
601 | |
| 602 | Defaults to | |
| 603 | <option>info</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 604 | </varlistentry> | |
| 605 | ||
| 606 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74922904 | 607 | <term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term> |
| dd1eb43b | 608 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean |
| 74922904 | 609 | argument. If true and |
| dd1eb43b LP |
610 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or |
| 611 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
| df688b23 LP |
612 | set to <option>syslog</option>, |
| 613 | <option>kmsg</option> or | |
| 614 | <option>journal</option>, log lines | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
615 | written by the executed process that |
| 616 | are prefixed with a log level will be | |
| 617 | passed on to syslog with this log | |
| 618 | level set but the prefix removed. If | |
| 74922904 | 619 | set to false, the interpretation of |
| dd1eb43b LP |
620 | these prefixes is disabled and the |
| 621 | logged lines are passed on as-is. For | |
| 622 | details about this prefixing see | |
| cb07866b | 623 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
| 74922904 | 624 | Defaults to true.</para></listitem> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
625 | </varlistentry> |
| 626 | ||
| 627 | <varlistentry> | |
| 03fae018 | 628 | <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term> |
| dd1eb43b LP |
629 | <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack |
| 630 | in nanoseconds for the executed | |
| d88a251b LP |
631 | processes. The timer slack controls |
| 632 | the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by | |
| 03fae018 | 633 | timers. See |
| dd1eb43b | 634 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 03fae018 LP |
635 | for more information. Note that in |
| 636 | contrast to most other time span | |
| f8553ccb | 637 | definitions this parameter takes an |
| d88a251b LP |
638 | integer value in nano-seconds if no |
| 639 | unit is specified. The usual time | |
| 640 | units are understood | |
| 641 | too.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
642 | </varlistentry> |
| 643 | ||
| 644 | <varlistentry> | |
| 645 | <term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term> | |
| 646 | <term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term> | |
| 647 | <term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term> | |
| 648 | <term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term> | |
| 649 | <term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term> | |
| 650 | <term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term> | |
| 651 | <term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term> | |
| 652 | <term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term> | |
| 653 | <term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term> | |
| 654 | <term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term> | |
| 655 | <term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term> | |
| 656 | <term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term> | |
| 657 | <term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term> | |
| 658 | <term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term> | |
| 659 | <term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term> | |
| 660 | <term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term> | |
| 661 | <listitem><para>These settings control | |
| 662 | various resource limits for executed | |
| 663 | processes. See | |
| 664 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 3d57c6ab LP |
665 | for details. Use the string |
| 666 | <varname>infinity</varname> to | |
| 667 | configure no limit on a specific | |
| 668 | resource.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
669 | </varlistentry> |
| 670 | ||
| 671 | <varlistentry> | |
| 672 | <term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term> | |
| 673 | <listitem><para>Sets the PAM service | |
| 674 | name to set up a session as. If set | |
| 675 | the executed process will be | |
| 676 | registered as a PAM session under the | |
| 677 | specified service name. This is only | |
| 678 | useful in conjunction with the | |
| 679 | <varname>User=</varname> setting. If | |
| 680 | not set no PAM session will be opened | |
| 681 | for the executed processes. See | |
| 682 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 683 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
| 684 | </varlistentry> | |
| 685 | ||
| 686 | <varlistentry> | |
| 687 | <term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term> | |
| 688 | <listitem><para>If this is a | |
| 689 | socket-activated service this sets the | |
| 690 | tcpwrap service name to check the | |
| 691 | permission for the current connection | |
| 692 | with. This is only useful in | |
| 693 | conjunction with socket-activated | |
| 694 | services, and stream sockets (TCP) in | |
| 695 | particular. It has no effect on other | |
| 9f056f40 LP |
696 | socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and |
| 697 | on processes unrelated to socket-based | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
698 | activation. If the tcpwrap |
| 699 | verification fails daemon start-up | |
| 700 | will fail and the connection is | |
| 701 | terminated. See | |
| 702 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 9f056f40 LP |
703 | for details. Note that this option may |
| 704 | be used to do access control checks | |
| 705 | only. Shell commands and commands | |
| 706 | described in | |
| 707 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 708 | are not supported.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
709 | </varlistentry> |
| 710 | ||
| 711 | <varlistentry> | |
| 260abb78 LP |
712 | <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term> |
| 713 | ||
| 714 | <listitem><para>Controls which | |
| 715 | capabilities to include in the | |
| 716 | capability bounding set for the | |
| 717 | executed process. See | |
| dd1eb43b | 718 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 260abb78 | 719 | for details. Takes a whitespace |
| 9f7dad77 | 720 | separated list of capability names as |
| 260abb78 LP |
721 | read by |
| 722 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
| 723 | Capabilities listed will be included | |
| 724 | in the bounding set, all others are | |
| 725 | removed. If the list of capabilities | |
| 726 | is prefixed with ~ all but the listed | |
| 727 | capabilities will be included, the | |
| 5f4b19f4 | 728 | effect of the assignment |
| ec8927ca LP |
729 | inverted. Note that this option also |
| 730 | effects the respective capabilities in | |
| 731 | the effective, permitted and | |
| 732 | inheritable capability sets, on top of | |
| 733 | what <varname>Capabilities=</varname> | |
| 734 | does. If this option is not used the | |
| 260abb78 LP |
735 | capability bounding set is not |
| 736 | modified on process execution, hence | |
| 737 | no limits on the capabilities of the | |
| 74051b9b LP |
738 | process are enforced. This option may |
| 739 | appear more than once in which case | |
| 740 | the bounding sets are merged. If the empty | |
| 741 | string is assigned to this option the | |
| 742 | bounding set is reset, and all prior | |
| 743 | settings have no | |
| 744 | effect.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
745 | </varlistentry> |
| 746 | ||
| 747 | <varlistentry> | |
| 748 | <term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term> | |
| 749 | <listitem><para>Controls the secure | |
| 750 | bits set for the executed process. See | |
| 751 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 752 | for details. Takes a list of strings: | |
| 753 | <option>keep-caps</option>, | |
| 754 | <option>keep-caps-locked</option>, | |
| 755 | <option>no-setuid-fixup</option>, | |
| 756 | <option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>, | |
| 3377af3e | 757 | <option>noroot</option> and/or |
| 74051b9b LP |
758 | <option>noroot-locked</option>. This |
| 759 | option may appear more than once in | |
| 760 | which case the secure bits are | |
| 761 | ORed. If the empty string is assigned | |
| 762 | to this option the bits are reset to | |
| 763 | 0.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
764 | </varlistentry> |
| 765 | ||
| 766 | <varlistentry> | |
| 260abb78 | 767 | <term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term> |
| dd1eb43b | 768 | <listitem><para>Controls the |
| dd1eb43b | 769 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| 260abb78 LP |
770 | set for the executed process. Take a |
| 771 | capability string describing the | |
| 772 | effective, permitted and inherited | |
| 773 | capability sets as documented in | |
| 774 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
| 775 | Note that these capability sets are | |
| 776 | usually influenced by the capabilities | |
| 777 | attached to the executed file. Due to | |
| 778 | that | |
| 779 | <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname> | |
| 780 | is probably the much more useful | |
| 781 | setting.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
782 | </varlistentry> |
| 783 | ||
| 784 | <varlistentry> | |
| 785 | <term><varname>ControlGroup=</varname></term> | |
| 786 | ||
| 787 | <listitem><para>Controls the control | |
| 788 | groups the executed processes shall be | |
| ad678a06 | 789 | made members of. Takes a |
| 96d4ce01 | 790 | space-separated list of cgroup |
| 74051b9b LP |
791 | identifiers. A cgroup identifier is |
| 792 | formatted like | |
| dd1eb43b | 793 | <filename>cpu:/foo/bar</filename>, |
| 74051b9b | 794 | where "cpu" indicates the kernel |
| dd1eb43b LP |
795 | control group controller used, and |
| 796 | <filename>/foo/bar</filename> is the | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
797 | control group path. The controller |
| 798 | name and ":" may be omitted in which | |
| 799 | case the named systemd control group | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
800 | hierarchy is implied. Alternatively, |
| 801 | the path and ":" may be omitted, in | |
| 802 | which case the default control group | |
| 74051b9b LP |
803 | path for this unit is implied.</para> |
| 804 | ||
| 805 | <para>This option may be used to place | |
| 806 | executed processes in arbitrary groups | |
| 807 | in arbitrary hierarchies -- which may | |
| 808 | then be externally configured with | |
| 809 | additional execution limits. By | |
| 810 | default systemd will place all | |
| 811 | executed processes in separate | |
| 812 | per-unit control groups (named after | |
| 813 | the unit) in the systemd named | |
| 814 | hierarchy. This option is primarily | |
| 815 | intended to place executed processes | |
| 816 | in specific paths in specific kernel | |
| 817 | controller hierarchies. It is not | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
818 | recommended to manipulate the service |
| 819 | control group path in the systemd | |
| 820 | named hierarchy. For details about | |
| 821 | control groups see <ulink | |
| 74051b9b LP |
822 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>.</para> |
| 823 | ||
| 824 | <para>This option may appear more than | |
| 825 | once, in which case the list of | |
| 826 | control group assignments is | |
| 827 | merged. If the same hierarchy gets two | |
| 828 | different paths assigned only the | |
| 829 | later setting will take effect. If the | |
| 830 | empty string is assigned to this | |
| 831 | option the list of control group | |
| 832 | assignments is reset, all previous | |
| 833 | assignments will have no | |
| 834 | effect.</para> | |
| 835 | ||
| 836 | <para>Note that the list of control | |
| 837 | group assignments of a unit is | |
| 838 | extended implicitly based on the | |
| 839 | settings of | |
| 840 | <varname>DefaultControllers=</varname> | |
| 841 | of | |
| 842 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 843 | but a unit's | |
| 844 | <varname>ControlGroup=</varname> | |
| 845 | setting for a specific controller | |
| 846 | takes precedence.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
847 | </varlistentry> |
| 848 | ||
| ab1f0633 LP |
849 | <varlistentry> |
| 850 | <term><varname>ControlGroupModify=</varname></term> | |
| 851 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 852 | argument. If true, the control groups | |
| 853 | created for this unit will be owned by | |
| 854 | the user specified with | |
| 855 | <varname>User=</varname> (and the | |
| 856 | appropriate group), and he/she can create | |
| 857 | subgroups as well as add processes to | |
| 858 | the group.</para></listitem> | |
| 859 | </varlistentry> | |
| 860 | ||
| 8d53b453 | 861 | <varlistentry> |
| 891703e1 | 862 | <term><varname>ControlGroupPersistent=</varname></term> |
| 8d53b453 LP |
863 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean |
| 864 | argument. If true, the control groups | |
| 865 | created for this unit will be marked | |
| 891703e1 | 866 | to be persistent, i.e. systemd will |
| 8d53b453 LP |
867 | not remove them when stopping the |
| 868 | unit. The default is false, meaning | |
| 869 | that the control groups will be | |
| 870 | removed when the unit is stopped. For | |
| 871 | details about the semantics of this | |
| 872 | logic see <ulink | |
| 873 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups">PaxControlGroups</ulink>.</para></listitem> | |
| 874 | </varlistentry> | |
| 875 | ||
| ab1f0633 LP |
876 | <varlistentry> |
| 877 | <term><varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname></term> | |
| 878 | ||
| 879 | <listitem><para>Set a specific control | |
| 880 | group attribute for executed | |
| c5315881 | 881 | processes, and (if needed) add the |
| ab1f0633 LP |
882 | executed processes to a cgroup in the |
| 883 | hierarchy of the controller the | |
| 884 | attribute belongs to. Takes two | |
| 885 | space-separated arguments: the | |
| 886 | attribute name (syntax is | |
| 887 | <literal>cpu.shares</literal> where | |
| 888 | <literal>cpu</literal> refers to a | |
| 889 | specific controller and | |
| 890 | <literal>shares</literal> to the | |
| 891 | attribute name), and the attribute | |
| 892 | value. Example: | |
| 893 | <literal>ControlGroupAttribute=cpu.shares | |
| 894 | 512</literal>. If this option is used | |
| 895 | for an attribute that belongs to a | |
| 896 | kernel controller hierarchy the unit | |
| 897 | is not already configured to be added | |
| 898 | to (for example via the | |
| 899 | <literal>ControlGroup=</literal> | |
| 900 | option) then the unit will be added to | |
| 901 | the controller and the default unit | |
| 902 | cgroup path is implied. Thus, using | |
| 903 | <varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname> | |
| 74051b9b LP |
904 | is in most cases sufficient to make |
| 905 | use of control group enforcements, | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
906 | explicit |
| 907 | <varname>ControlGroup=</varname> are | |
| 908 | only necessary in case the implied | |
| 909 | default control group path for a | |
| 910 | service is not desirable. For details | |
| 911 | about control group attributes see | |
| 912 | <ulink | |
| 913 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>. This | |
| 914 | option may appear more than once, in | |
| 915 | order to set multiple control group | |
| 74051b9b LP |
916 | attributes. If this option is used |
| 917 | multiple times for the same cgroup | |
| 918 | attribute only the later setting takes | |
| 919 | effect. If the empty string is | |
| 920 | assigned to this option the list of | |
| 921 | attributes is reset, all previous | |
| 922 | cgroup attribute settings have no | |
| 923 | effect, including those done with | |
| 924 | <varname>CPUShares=</varname>, | |
| 925 | <varname>MemoryLimit=</varname>, | |
| 926 | <varname>MemorySoftLimit</varname>, | |
| 927 | <varname>DeviceAllow=</varname>, | |
| 928 | <varname>DeviceDeny=</varname>, | |
| 929 | <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname>, | |
| 930 | <varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=</varname>, | |
| 931 | <varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=</varname>. | |
| 932 | </para></listitem> | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
933 | </varlistentry> |
| 934 | ||
| 935 | <varlistentry> | |
| 936 | <term><varname>CPUShares=</varname></term> | |
| 937 | ||
| 938 | <listitem><para>Assign the specified | |
| 9e372868 LP |
939 | overall CPU time shares to the |
| 940 | processes executed. Takes an integer | |
| 941 | value. This controls the | |
| ab1f0633 | 942 | <literal>cpu.shares</literal> control |
| 9e372868 LP |
943 | group attribute, which defaults to |
| 944 | 1024. For details about this control | |
| 945 | group attribute see <ulink | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
946 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem> |
| 947 | </varlistentry> | |
| 948 | ||
| 949 | <varlistentry> | |
| 950 | <term><varname>MemoryLimit=</varname></term> | |
| 951 | <term><varname>MemorySoftLimit=</varname></term> | |
| 952 | ||
| 953 | <listitem><para>Limit the overall memory usage | |
| 954 | of the executed processes to a certain | |
| 955 | size. Takes a memory size in bytes. If | |
| 956 | the value is suffixed with K, M, G or | |
| 957 | T the specified memory size is parsed | |
| 9e372868 | 958 | as Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, |
| 16dad32e AE |
959 | or Terabytes (to the base |
| 960 | 1024), respectively. This controls the | |
| ab1f0633 LP |
961 | <literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal> |
| 962 | and | |
| 963 | <literal>memory.soft_limit_in_bytes</literal> | |
| 964 | control group attributes. For details | |
| 965 | about these control group attributes | |
| 966 | see <ulink | |
| 967 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem> | |
| 968 | </varlistentry> | |
| 969 | ||
| 970 | <varlistentry> | |
| 971 | <term><varname>DeviceAllow=</varname></term> | |
| 972 | <term><varname>DeviceDeny=</varname></term> | |
| 973 | ||
| 974 | <listitem><para>Control access to | |
| 975 | specific device nodes by the executed processes. Takes two | |
| 976 | space separated strings: a device node | |
| 977 | path (such as | |
| 978 | <filename>/dev/null</filename>) | |
| 979 | followed by a combination of r, w, m | |
| 16dad32e | 980 | to control reading, writing, or |
| ab1f0633 | 981 | creating of the specific device node |
| 16dad32e | 982 | by the unit, respectively. This controls the |
| ab1f0633 LP |
983 | <literal>devices.allow</literal> |
| 984 | and | |
| 985 | <literal>devices.deny</literal> | |
| 986 | control group attributes. For details | |
| 987 | about these control group attributes | |
| 988 | see <ulink | |
| 989 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem> | |
| 990 | </varlistentry> | |
| 991 | ||
| 9e372868 LP |
992 | <varlistentry> |
| 993 | <term><varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname></term> | |
| 994 | ||
| 995 | <listitem><para>Set the default or | |
| 996 | per-device overall block IO weight | |
| 997 | value for the executed | |
| 998 | processes. Takes either a single | |
| 999 | weight value (between 10 and 1000) to | |
| 1000 | set the default block IO weight, or a | |
| 94959f0f LP |
1001 | space separated pair of a file path |
| 1002 | and a weight value to specify the | |
| 9e372868 | 1003 | device specific weight value (Example: |
| 94959f0f LP |
1004 | "/dev/sda 500"). The file path may be |
| 1005 | specified as path to a block device | |
| 1006 | node or as any other file in which | |
| 1007 | case the backing block device of the | |
| 1008 | file system of the file is | |
| 1009 | determined. This controls the | |
| 9e372868 LP |
1010 | <literal>blkio.weight</literal> and |
| 1011 | <literal>blkio.weight_device</literal> | |
| 1012 | control group attributes, which | |
| 1013 | default to 1000. Use this option | |
| 1014 | multiple times to set weights for | |
| 1015 | multiple devices. For details about | |
| 1016 | these control group attributes see | |
| 1017 | <ulink | |
| 1018 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem> | |
| 1019 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1020 | ||
| 1021 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1022 | <term><varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=</varname></term> | |
| 1023 | <term><varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=</varname></term> | |
| 1024 | ||
| 1025 | <listitem><para>Set the per-device | |
| 49f43d5f | 1026 | overall block IO bandwidth limit for |
| 94959f0f LP |
1027 | the executed processes. Takes a space |
| 1028 | separated pair of a file path and a | |
| 49f43d5f | 1029 | bandwidth value (in bytes per second) |
| 94959f0f LP |
1030 | to specify the device specific |
| 1031 | bandwidth. The file path may be | |
| 1032 | specified as path to a block device | |
| 1033 | node or as any other file in which | |
| 1034 | case the backing block device of the | |
| 1035 | file system of the file is determined. | |
| 49f43d5f VS |
1036 | If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M, |
| 1037 | G, or T the specified bandwidth is | |
| 94959f0f | 1038 | parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, |
| 16dad32e | 1039 | Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively (Example: |
| 94959f0f LP |
1040 | "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0 |
| 1041 | 5M"). This controls the | |
| 9e372868 LP |
1042 | <literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal> |
| 1043 | and | |
| 1044 | <literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal> | |
| 1045 | control group attributes. Use this | |
| 49f43d5f | 1046 | option multiple times to set bandwidth |
| 9e372868 LP |
1047 | limits for multiple devices. For |
| 1048 | details about these control group | |
| 1049 | attributes see <ulink | |
| 1050 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem> | |
| 1051 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1052 | ||
| dd1eb43b LP |
1053 | <varlistentry> |
| 1054 | <term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term> | |
| 1055 | <term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term> | |
| 1056 | <term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term> | |
| 1057 | ||
| 1058 | <listitem><para>Sets up a new | |
| 1059 | file-system name space for executed | |
| 1060 | processes. These options may be used | |
| 1061 | to limit access a process might have | |
| 1062 | to the main file-system | |
| 1063 | hierarchy. Each setting takes a | |
| 96d4ce01 | 1064 | space-separated list of absolute |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1065 | directory paths. Directories listed in |
| 1066 | <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname> | |
| 1067 | are accessible from within the | |
| 1068 | namespace with the same access rights | |
| 1069 | as from outside. Directories listed in | |
| 1070 | <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname> | |
| 1071 | are accessible for reading only, | |
| 1072 | writing will be refused even if the | |
| 1073 | usual file access controls would | |
| 1074 | permit this. Directories listed in | |
| 1075 | <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname> | |
| 74051b9b LP |
1076 | will be made inaccessible for |
| 1077 | processes inside the namespace. Note | |
| 1078 | that restricting access with these | |
| 1079 | options does not extend to submounts | |
| 1080 | of a directory. You must list | |
| 1081 | submounts separately in these settings | |
| 1082 | to ensure the same limited | |
| 1083 | access. These options may be specified | |
| 1084 | more than once in which case all | |
| 1085 | directories listed will have limited | |
| 1086 | access from within the namespace. If | |
| 1087 | the empty string is assigned to this | |
| 1088 | option the specific list is reset, and | |
| 1089 | all prior assignments have no | |
| 1090 | effect.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1091 | </varlistentry> |
| 1092 | ||
| 1093 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1094 | <term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term> | |
| 1095 | ||
| 1096 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| ff01d048 LP |
1097 | argument. If true sets up a new file |
| 1098 | system namespace for the executed | |
| 652d0dd7 ZJS |
1099 | processes and mounts private |
| 1100 | <filename>/tmp</filename> and | |
| 1101 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename> directories | |
| 1102 | inside it, that are not shared by | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1103 | processes outside of the |
| 1104 | namespace. This is useful to secure | |
| 1105 | access to temporary files of the | |
| 1106 | process, but makes sharing between | |
| 1107 | processes via | |
| 652d0dd7 ZJS |
1108 | <filename>/tmp</filename> or |
| 1109 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename> | |
| ff01d048 LP |
1110 | impossible. Defaults to |
| 1111 | false.</para></listitem> | |
| 1112 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1113 | ||
| 1114 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1115 | <term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term> | |
| 1116 | ||
| 1117 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1118 | argument. If true sets up a new | |
| 1119 | network namespace for the executed | |
| 1120 | processes and configures only the | |
| 1121 | loopback network device | |
| 1122 | <literal>lo</literal> inside it. No | |
| 1123 | other network devices will be | |
| 1124 | available to the executed process. | |
| 1125 | This is useful to securely turn off | |
| 1126 | network access by the executed | |
| 1127 | process. Defaults to | |
| 1128 | false.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1129 | </varlistentry> |
| 1130 | ||
| 1131 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1132 | <term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term> | |
| 1133 | ||
| 1134 | <listitem><para>Takes a mount | |
| 1135 | propagation flag: | |
| 1136 | <option>shared</option>, | |
| 1137 | <option>slave</option> or | |
| 1138 | <option>private</option>, which | |
| ac0930c8 LP |
1139 | control whether the file system |
| 1140 | namespace set up for this unit's | |
| 1141 | processes will receive or propagate | |
| 1142 | new mounts. See | |
| 8050c221 | 1143 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| ac0930c8 LP |
1144 | for details. Default to |
| 1145 | <option>shared</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1146 | </varlistentry> |
| 1147 | ||
| 169c1bda LP |
1148 | <varlistentry> |
| 1149 | <term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term> | |
| 1150 | ||
| c5315881 | 1151 | <listitem><para>Takes a four |
| 169c1bda LP |
1152 | character identifier string for an |
| 1153 | utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This | |
| 1154 | should only be set for services such | |
| 1155 | as <command>getty</command> | |
| 1156 | implementations where utmp/wtmp | |
| 1157 | entries must be created and cleared | |
| 1158 | before and after execution. If the | |
| 1159 | configured string is longer than four | |
| 1160 | characters it is truncated and the | |
| 1161 | terminal four characters are | |
| 1162 | used. This setting interprets %I style | |
| 1163 | string replacements. This setting is | |
| 1164 | unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp | |
| 1165 | entries are created or cleaned up for | |
| 1166 | this service.</para></listitem> | |
| 1167 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1168 | ||
| 353e12c2 LP |
1169 | <varlistentry> |
| 1170 | <term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term> | |
| 1171 | ||
| 1172 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1173 | argument. If true causes SIGPIPE to be | |
| 1174 | ignored in the executed | |
| 1175 | process. Defaults to true, since | |
| 1176 | SIGPIPE generally is useful only in | |
| 1177 | shell pipelines.</para></listitem> | |
| 1178 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1179 | ||
| 8351ceae LP |
1180 | <varlistentry> |
| 1181 | <term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term> | |
| 1182 | ||
| 1183 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1184 | argument. If true ensures that the | |
| 1185 | service process and all its children | |
| 1186 | can never gain new privileges. This | |
| 1187 | option is more powerful than the respective | |
| 1188 | secure bits flags (see above), as it | |
| 1189 | also prohibits UID changes of any | |
| 1190 | kind. This is the simplest, most | |
| 1191 | effective way to ensure that a process | |
| 1192 | and its children can never elevate | |
| 1193 | privileges again.</para></listitem> | |
| 1194 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1195 | ||
| 1196 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1197 | <term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term> | |
| 1198 | ||
| 1199 | <listitem><para>Takes a space | |
| 1200 | separated list of system call | |
| 1201 | names. If this setting is used all | |
| 1202 | system calls executed by the unit | |
| 1203 | process except for the listed ones | |
| 1204 | will result in immediate process | |
| 1205 | termination with the SIGSYS signal | |
| 1206 | (whitelisting). If the first character | |
| 1207 | of the list is <literal>~</literal> | |
| 1208 | the effect is inverted: only the | |
| 1209 | listed system calls will result in | |
| 1210 | immediate process termination | |
| 1211 | (blacklisting). If this option is used | |
| 1212 | <varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname> | |
| 1213 | is implied. This feature makes use of | |
| 1214 | the Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces | |
| 1215 | of the kernel ('seccomp filtering') | |
| 1216 | and is useful for enforcing a minimal | |
| 1217 | sandboxing environment. Note that the | |
| 1218 | <function>execve</function>, | |
| 1219 | <function>rt_sigreturn</function>, | |
| 1220 | <function>sigreturn</function>, | |
| 1221 | <function>exit_group</function>, | |
| 1222 | <function>exit</function> system calls | |
| 1223 | are implicitly whitelisted and don't | |
| 74051b9b LP |
1224 | need to be listed explicitly. This |
| 1225 | option may be specified more than once | |
| 1226 | in which case the filter masks are | |
| 1227 | merged. If the empty string is | |
| 1228 | assigned the filter is reset, all | |
| 1229 | prior assignments will have no | |
| 1230 | effect.</para></listitem> | |
| 8351ceae LP |
1231 | </varlistentry> |
| 1232 | ||
| dd1eb43b LP |
1233 | </variablelist> |
| 1234 | </refsect1> | |
| 1235 | ||
| 1236 | <refsect1> | |
| 1237 | <title>See Also</title> | |
| 1238 | <para> | |
| f3e219a2 | 1239 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| dd1eb43b | 1240 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 169c4f65 | 1241 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1242 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 1243 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 1244 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 2292707d | 1245 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 4819ff03 | 1246 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 9cc2c8b7 ZJS |
1247 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 1248 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| dd1eb43b LP |
1249 | </para> |
| 1250 | </refsect1> | |
| 1251 | ||
| 1252 | </refentry> |