projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / blame
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1 | <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" | |
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
| 4 | ||
| 5 | <!-- | |
| 6 | This file is part of systemd. | |
| 7 | ||
| 8 | Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering | |
| 9 | ||
| 10 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 5430f7f2 LP |
11 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
| 12 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
| 9e632bf7 LP |
13 | (at your option) any later version. |
| 14 | ||
| 15 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
| 16 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
| 17 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
| 5430f7f2 | 18 | Lesser General Public License for more details. |
| 9e632bf7 | 19 | |
| 5430f7f2 | 20 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
| 9e632bf7 LP |
21 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
| 22 | --> | |
| 23 | ||
| 24 | <refentry id="systemd"> | |
| 25 | ||
| 26 | <refentryinfo> | |
| 27 | <title>systemd</title> | |
| 28 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
| 29 | ||
| 30 | <authorgroup> | |
| 31 | <author> | |
| 32 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
| 33 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
| 34 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
| 35 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
| 36 | </author> | |
| 37 | </authorgroup> | |
| 38 | </refentryinfo> | |
| 39 | ||
| 40 | <refmeta> | |
| 41 | <refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 42 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> |
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43 | </refmeta> |
| 44 | ||
| 45 | <refnamediv> | |
| 46 | <refname>systemd</refname> | |
| 6f6083dc | 47 | <refname>init</refname> |
| 34511ca7 | 48 | <refpurpose>systemd system and service manager</refpurpose> |
| 9e632bf7 LP |
49 | </refnamediv> |
| 50 | ||
| 2218198b LP |
51 | <refsynopsisdiv> |
| 52 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 53 | <command>systemd <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command> |
| 2218198b LP |
54 | </cmdsynopsis> |
| 55 | <cmdsynopsis> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 56 | <command>init <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command> |
| 2218198b LP |
57 | </cmdsynopsis> |
| 58 | </refsynopsisdiv> | |
| 59 | ||
| 9e632bf7 LP |
60 | <refsect1> |
| 61 | <title>Description</title> | |
| 62 | ||
| af2d49f7 | 63 | <para>systemd is a system and service manager for |
| 2218198b | 64 | Linux operating systems. When run as first process on |
| af62c704 KS |
65 | boot (as PID 1), it acts as init system that brings |
| 66 | up and maintains userspace services.</para> | |
| 2218198b | 67 | |
| af62c704 | 68 | <para>For compatibility with SysV, if systemd is called |
| 2218198b | 69 | as <command>init</command> and a PID that is not |
| af62c704 | 70 | 1, it will execute <command>telinit</command> and pass |
| 2218198b LP |
71 | all command line arguments unmodified. That means |
| 72 | <command>init</command> and <command>telinit</command> | |
| 73 | are mostly equivalent when invoked from normal login sessions. See | |
| 74 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 75 | for more information.</para> | |
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76 | |
| 77 | <para>When run as system instance, systemd interprets | |
| 78 | the configuration file | |
| 79 | <filename>system.conf</filename>, otherwise | |
| af2d49f7 | 80 | <filename>user.conf</filename>. See |
| 5f9cfd4c | 81 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
| f3e219a2 | 82 | for more information.</para> |
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83 | </refsect1> |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | <refsect1> | |
| 86 | <title>Options</title> | |
| 87 | ||
| 88 | <para>The following options are understood:</para> | |
| 89 | ||
| 90 | <variablelist> | |
| 91 | <varlistentry> | |
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92 | <term><option>-h</option></term> |
| 93 | <term><option>--help</option></term> | |
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94 | |
| 95 | <listitem><para>Prints a short help | |
| 96 | text and exits.</para></listitem> | |
| 97 | </varlistentry> | |
| 9ba0bc4e ZJS |
98 | <varlistentry> |
| 99 | <term><option>--version</option></term> | |
| 100 | ||
| 101 | <listitem><para>Prints a systemd version | |
| 102 | identifier and exits.</para></listitem> | |
| 103 | </varlistentry> | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
104 | <varlistentry> |
| 105 | <term><option>--test</option></term> | |
| 106 | ||
| 107 | <listitem><para>Determine startup | |
| 108 | sequence, dump it and exit. This is an | |
| 109 | option useful for debugging | |
| 110 | only.</para></listitem> | |
| 111 | </varlistentry> | |
| 112 | <varlistentry> | |
| 113 | <term><option>--dump-configuration-items</option></term> | |
| 114 | ||
| 115 | <listitem><para>Dump understood unit | |
| 116 | configuration items. This outputs a | |
| 117 | terse but complete list of | |
| 118 | configuration items understood in unit | |
| 119 | definition files.</para></listitem> | |
| 120 | </varlistentry> | |
| 121 | <varlistentry> | |
| 122 | <term><option>--introspect=</option></term> | |
| 123 | ||
| 124 | <listitem><para>Extract D-Bus | |
| 125 | interface introspection data. This is | |
| ad678a06 | 126 | mostly useful at install time |
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127 | to generate data suitable for the |
| 128 | D-Bus interfaces | |
| 129 | repository. Optionally the interface | |
| 130 | name for the introspection data may be | |
| 131 | specified. If omitted, the | |
| 132 | introspection data for all interfaces | |
| 133 | is dumped.</para></listitem> | |
| 134 | </varlistentry> | |
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135 | <varlistentry> |
| 136 | <term><option>--unit=</option></term> | |
| 137 | ||
| 138 | <listitem><para>Set default unit to | |
| 139 | activate on startup. If not specified | |
| 140 | defaults to | |
| 141 | <filename>default.target</filename>.</para></listitem> | |
| 142 | </varlistentry> | |
| 143 | <varlistentry> | |
| edb9aaa8 | 144 | <term><option>--system</option></term> |
| af2d49f7 | 145 | <term><option>--user</option></term> |
| edb9aaa8 | 146 | |
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147 | <listitem><para>For <option>--system</option>, |
| 148 | tell systemd to run a | |
| 149 | system instance, even if the process ID is | |
| 150 | not 1, i.e. systemd is not run as init process. | |
| 151 | <option>--user</option> does the opposite, | |
| 152 | running a user instance even if the process | |
| 153 | ID is 1. | |
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154 | Normally it should not be necessary to |
| 155 | pass these options, as systemd | |
| 156 | automatically detects the mode it is | |
| 157 | started in. These options are hence of | |
| 248e6030 LP |
158 | little use except for debugging. Note |
| 159 | that it is not supported booting and | |
| 160 | maintaining a full system with systemd | |
| 161 | running in <option>--system</option> | |
| 162 | mode, but PID not 1. In practice, | |
| 163 | passing <option>--system</option> explicitly is | |
| 164 | only useful in conjunction with | |
| 165 | <option>--test</option>.</para></listitem> | |
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166 | </varlistentry> |
| 167 | <varlistentry> | |
| f3e219a2 | 168 | <term><option>--dump-core</option></term> |
| 2218198b | 169 | |
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170 | <listitem><para>Dump core on |
| 171 | crash. This switch has no effect when | |
| 172 | run as user | |
| 173 | instance.</para></listitem> | |
| 2218198b LP |
174 | </varlistentry> |
| 175 | <varlistentry> | |
| f3e219a2 | 176 | <term><option>--crash-shell</option></term> |
| 2218198b | 177 | |
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178 | <listitem><para>Run shell on |
| 179 | crash. This switch has no effect when | |
| 180 | run as user | |
| 181 | instance.</para></listitem> | |
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182 | </varlistentry> |
| 183 | <varlistentry> | |
| 184 | <term><option>--confirm-spawn</option></term> | |
| 185 | ||
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186 | <listitem><para>Ask for confirmation |
| 187 | when spawning processes. This switch | |
| 188 | has no effect when run as user | |
| 189 | instance.</para></listitem> | |
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190 | </varlistentry> |
| 191 | <varlistentry> | |
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192 | <term><option>--show-status=</option></term> |
| 193 | ||
| 194 | <listitem><para>Show terse service | |
| 195 | status information while booting. This | |
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196 | switch has no effect when run as user |
| 197 | instance. Takes a boolean argument | |
| 198 | which may be omitted which is | |
| 199 | interpreted as | |
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200 | <option>true</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 201 | </varlistentry> | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
202 | <varlistentry> |
| 203 | <term><option>--log-target=</option></term> | |
| 204 | ||
| 205 | <listitem><para>Set log | |
| 206 | target. Argument must be one of | |
| 207 | <option>console</option>, | |
| 4cfa2c99 | 208 | <option>journal</option>, |
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209 | <option>syslog</option>, |
| 210 | <option>kmsg</option>, | |
| 4cfa2c99 | 211 | <option>journal-or-kmsg</option>, |
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212 | <option>syslog-or-kmsg</option>, |
| 213 | <option>null</option>.</para></listitem> | |
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214 | </varlistentry> |
| 215 | <varlistentry> | |
| 216 | <term><option>--log-level=</option></term> | |
| 217 | ||
| 218 | <listitem><para>Set log level. As | |
| 219 | argument this accepts a numerical log | |
| 220 | level or the well-known <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 221 | symbolic names (lowercase): | |
| 222 | <option>emerg</option>, | |
| 223 | <option>alert</option>, | |
| 224 | <option>crit</option>, | |
| 225 | <option>err</option>, | |
| 226 | <option>warning</option>, | |
| 227 | <option>notice</option>, | |
| 228 | <option>info</option>, | |
| 229 | <option>debug</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 230 | </varlistentry> | |
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231 | <varlistentry> |
| 232 | <term><option>--log-color=</option></term> | |
| 233 | ||
| 234 | <listitem><para>Highlight important | |
| 235 | log messages. Argument is a boolean | |
| 236 | value. If the argument is omitted it | |
| 237 | defaults to | |
| 238 | <option>true</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 239 | </varlistentry> | |
| 240 | <varlistentry> | |
| 241 | <term><option>--log-location=</option></term> | |
| 242 | ||
| 243 | <listitem><para>Include code location | |
| 244 | in log messages. This is mostly | |
| 245 | relevant for debugging | |
| 246 | purposes. Argument is a boolean | |
| 247 | value. If the argument is omitted | |
| 248 | it defaults to | |
| 249 | <option>true</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 250 | </varlistentry> | |
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251 | <varlistentry> |
| 252 | <term><option>--default-standard-output=</option></term> | |
| 253 | <term><option>--default-standard-error=</option></term> | |
| 254 | ||
| 255 | <listitem><para>Sets the default | |
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256 | output or error output for all |
| 257 | services and sockets, respectively. That is, controls | |
| 0a494f1f LP |
258 | the default for |
| 259 | <option>StandardOutput=</option> | |
| 16dad32e | 260 | and <option>StandardError=</option> |
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261 | (see |
| 262 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 263 | for details). Takes one of | |
| 264 | <option>inherit</option>, | |
| 265 | <option>null</option>, | |
| 266 | <option>tty</option>, | |
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267 | <option>journal</option>, |
| 268 | <option>journal+console</option>, | |
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269 | <option>syslog</option>, |
| 270 | <option>syslog+console</option>, | |
| 271 | <option>kmsg</option>, | |
| 756a8d17 | 272 | <option>kmsg+console</option>. If the |
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273 | argument is omitted |
| 274 | <option>--default-standard-output=</option> | |
| 4cfa2c99 | 275 | defaults to <option>journal</option> |
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276 | and |
| 277 | <option>--default-standard-error=</option> | |
| 278 | to | |
| 934da035 | 279 | <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 0a494f1f | 280 | </varlistentry> |
| 2218198b LP |
281 | </variablelist> |
| 282 | </refsect1> | |
| 283 | ||
| 99ffae46 LP |
284 | <refsect1> |
| 285 | <title>Concepts</title> | |
| 286 | ||
| 287 | <para>systemd provides a dependency system between | |
| 288 | various entities called "units". Units encapsulate | |
| 289 | various objects that are relevant for system boot-up | |
| 5632e374 | 290 | and maintenance. The majority of units are configured |
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291 | in unit configuration files, whose syntax and basic |
| 292 | set of options is described in | |
| 293 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 294 | however some are created automatically from other | |
| 295 | configuration or dynamically from system state. Units | |
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296 | may be 'active' (meaning started, bound, plugged in, |
| 297 | ... depending on the unit type, see below), or | |
| 298 | 'inactive' (meaning stopped, unbound, unplugged, ...), | |
| 299 | as well as in the process of being activated or | |
| 300 | deactivated, i.e. between the two states (these states | |
| 301 | are called 'activating', 'deactivating'). A special | |
| 74ac3cbd | 302 | 'failed' state is available as well which is very |
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303 | similar to 'inactive' and is entered when the service |
| 304 | failed in some way (process returned error code on | |
| 305 | exit, or crashed, or an operation timed out). If this | |
| 306 | state is entered the cause will be logged, for later | |
| 307 | reference. Note that the various unit types may have a | |
| 308 | number of additional substates, which are mapped to | |
| 309 | the five generalized unit states described | |
| 310 | here.</para> | |
| 311 | ||
| 312 | <para>The following unit types are available:</para> | |
| 99ffae46 LP |
313 | |
| 314 | <orderedlist> | |
| 315 | <listitem><para>Service units, which control | |
| 316 | daemons and the processes they consist of. For | |
| 317 | details see | |
| 318 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 319 | ||
| 320 | <listitem><para>Socket units, which | |
| 321 | encapsulate local IPC or network sockets in | |
| 322 | the system, useful for socket-based | |
| 323 | activation. For details about socket units see | |
| 324 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| 325 | for details on socket-based activation and | |
| 326 | other forms of activation, see | |
| 327 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 328 | ||
| 329 | <listitem><para>Target units are useful to | |
| 330 | group units, or provide well-known | |
| 331 | synchronization points during boot-up, see | |
| 332 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 333 | ||
| 334 | <listitem><para>Device units expose kernel | |
| 335 | devices in systemd and may be used to | |
| 336 | implement device-based activation. For details | |
| 337 | see | |
| 338 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 339 | ||
| 340 | <listitem><para>Mount units control mount | |
| 341 | points in the file system, for details see | |
| 342 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 343 | ||
| 344 | <listitem><para>Automount units provide | |
| 345 | automount capabilities, for on-demand mounting | |
| 346 | of file systems as well as parallelized | |
| 347 | boot-up. See | |
| 348 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 349 | ||
| 350 | <listitem><para>Snapshot units can be used to | |
| 351 | temporarily save the state of the set of | |
| 352 | systemd units, which later may be restored by | |
| 353 | activating the saved snapshot unit. For more | |
| 354 | information see | |
| 7461d1b7 | 355 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> |
| 99ffae46 LP |
356 | |
| 357 | <listitem><para>Timer units are useful for | |
| 358 | triggering activation of other units based on | |
| 359 | timers. You may find details in | |
| 360 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 361 | ||
| 362 | <listitem><para>Swap units are very similar to | |
| f8553ccb | 363 | mount units and encapsulate memory swap |
| 99ffae46 | 364 | partitions or files of the operating |
| f8553ccb | 365 | system. They are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> |
| 99ffae46 LP |
366 | |
| 367 | <listitem><para>Path units may be used | |
| dccb2600 | 368 | to activate other services when file system |
| 99ffae46 LP |
369 | objects change or are modified. See |
| 370 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
| 371 | ||
| 372 | </orderedlist> | |
| 373 | ||
| 374 | <para>Units are named as their configuration | |
| 375 | files. Some units have special semantics. A detailed | |
| f8553ccb | 376 | list is available in |
| 99ffae46 LP |
377 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
| 378 | ||
| b9975629 LP |
379 | <para>systemd knows various kinds of dependencies, |
| 380 | including positive and negative requirement | |
| 381 | dependencies (i.e. <varname>Requires=</varname> and | |
| 382 | <varname>Conflicts=</varname>) as well as ordering | |
| 383 | dependencies (<varname>After=</varname> and | |
| 384 | <varname>Before=</varname>). NB: ordering and | |
| 385 | requirement dependencies are orthogonal. If only a | |
| 386 | requirement dependency exists between two units | |
| 387 | (e.g. <filename>foo.service</filename> requires | |
| 388 | <filename>bar.service</filename>), but no ordering | |
| 389 | dependency (e.g. <filename>foo.service</filename> | |
| 390 | after <filename>bar.service</filename>) and both are | |
| 391 | requested to start, they will be started in | |
| 392 | parallel. It is a common pattern that both requirement | |
| 393 | and ordering dependencies are placed between two | |
| 394 | units. Also note that the majority of dependencies are | |
| 395 | implicitly created and maintained by systemd. In most | |
| 396 | cases it should be unnecessary to declare additional | |
| 397 | dependencies manually, however it is possible to do | |
| 398 | this.</para> | |
| 399 | ||
| 400 | <para>Application programs and units (via | |
| f8553ccb | 401 | dependencies) may request state changes of units. In |
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402 | systemd, these requests are encapsulated as 'jobs' and |
| 403 | maintained in a job queue. Jobs may succeed or can | |
| 404 | fail, their execution is ordered based on the ordering | |
| 405 | dependencies of the units they have been scheduled | |
| 406 | for.</para> | |
| 407 | ||
| 99ffae46 | 408 | <para>On boot systemd activates the target unit |
| dccb2600 | 409 | <filename>default.target</filename> whose job is to |
| 99ffae46 LP |
410 | activate on-boot services and other on-boot units by |
| 411 | pulling them in via dependencies. Usually the unit | |
| 412 | name is just an alias (symlink) for either | |
| 413 | <filename>graphical.target</filename> (for | |
| 414 | fully-featured boots into the UI) or | |
| 415 | <filename>multi-user.target</filename> (for limited | |
| 416 | console-only boots for use in embedded or server | |
| 417 | environments, or similar; a subset of | |
| 418 | graphical.target). However it is at the discretion of | |
| 419 | the administrator to configure it as an alias to any | |
| 420 | other target unit. See | |
| 421 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 422 | for details about these target units.</para> | |
| 423 | ||
| dccb2600 | 424 | <para>Processes systemd spawns are placed in |
| 59a3e1bc LP |
425 | individual Linux control groups named after the unit |
| 426 | which they belong to in the private systemd | |
| 427 | hierarchy. (see <ulink | |
| 428 | url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink> | |
| 429 | for more information about control groups, or short | |
| 430 | "cgroups"). systemd uses this to effectively keep | |
| 431 | track of processes. Control group information is | |
| 432 | maintained in the kernel, and is accessible via the | |
| 433 | file system hierarchy (beneath | |
| 77d5f105 | 434 | <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/</filename>), or in tools |
| 59a3e1bc LP |
435 | such as |
| 436 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 437 | (<command>ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args</command> | |
| 438 | is particularly useful to list all processes and the | |
| 439 | systemd units they belong to.).</para> | |
| 440 | ||
| 441 | <para>systemd is compatible with the SysV init system | |
| 442 | to a large degree: SysV init scripts are supported and | |
| 443 | simply read as an alternative (though limited) | |
| 444 | configuration file format. The SysV | |
| 445 | <filename>/dev/initctl</filename> interface is | |
| dccb2600 OÇ |
446 | provided, and compatibility implementations of the |
| 447 | various SysV client tools are available. In addition to | |
| 448 | that, various established Unix functionality such as | |
| 59a3e1bc LP |
449 | <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> or the |
| 450 | <filename>utmp</filename> database are | |
| 451 | supported.</para> | |
| 452 | ||
| 453 | <para>systemd has a minimal transaction system: if a | |
| 454 | unit is requested to start up or shut down it will add | |
| 455 | it and all its dependencies to a temporary | |
| 456 | transaction. Then, it will verify if the transaction | |
| 457 | is consistent (i.e. whether the ordering of all units | |
| 458 | is cycle-free). If it is not, systemd will try to fix | |
| 459 | it up, and removes non-essential jobs from the | |
| 460 | transaction that might remove the loop. Also, systemd | |
| 461 | tries to suppress non-essential jobs in the | |
| 462 | transaction that would stop a running service. Finally | |
| 463 | it is checked whether the jobs of the transaction | |
| 464 | contradict jobs that have already been queued, and | |
| 465 | optionally the transaction is aborted then. If all | |
| 466 | worked out and the transaction is consistent and | |
| 467 | minimized in its impact it is merged with all already | |
| 468 | outstanding jobs and added to the run | |
| 469 | queue. Effectively this means that before executing a | |
| 470 | requested operation, systemd will verify that it makes | |
| 471 | sense, fixing it if possible, and only failing if it | |
| 472 | really cannot work.</para> | |
| 473 | ||
| 474 | <para>Systemd contains native implementations of | |
| 475 | various tasks that need to be executed as part of the | |
| e9dd9f95 | 476 | boot process. For example, it sets the hostname or |
| 59a3e1bc LP |
477 | configures the loopback network device. It also sets |
| 478 | up and mounts various API file systems, such as | |
| 479 | <filename>/sys</filename> or | |
| 480 | <filename>/proc</filename>.</para> | |
| 481 | ||
| 99ffae46 LP |
482 | <para>For more information about the concepts and |
| 483 | ideas behind systemd please refer to the <ulink | |
| 484 | url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html">Original | |
| 59a3e1bc | 485 | Design Document</ulink>.</para> |
| b9aea954 LP |
486 | |
| 487 | <para>Note that some but not all interfaces provided | |
| 488 | by systemd are covered by the <ulink | |
| 489 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface | |
| 490 | Stability Promise</ulink>.</para> | |
| 059b37cc LP |
491 | |
| 492 | <para>Units may be generated dynamically at boot and | |
| 493 | system manager reload time, for example based on other | |
| 494 | configuration files or parameters passed on the kernel | |
| 495 | command line. For details see the <ulink | |
| 496 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">Generators | |
| 497 | Specification</ulink>.</para> | |
| 99800333 LP |
498 | |
| 499 | <para>Systems which invoke systemd in a container | |
| 16dad32e | 500 | or initrd environment should implement the |
| 99800333 LP |
501 | <ulink |
| 502 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container | |
| 16dad32e | 503 | Interface</ulink> or <ulink |
| 99800333 | 504 | url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface">initrd |
| 16dad32e | 505 | Interface</ulink> specifications, respectively.</para> |
| 99ffae46 LP |
506 | </refsect1> |
| 507 | ||
| 160cd5c9 LP |
508 | <refsect1> |
| 509 | <title>Directories</title> | |
| 7874bcd6 | 510 | |
| 19adb8a3 | 511 | <variablelist> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
512 | <varlistentry> |
| 513 | <term>System unit directories</term> | |
| 514 | ||
| 515 | <listitem><para>The systemd system | |
| 516 | manager reads unit configuration from | |
| 517 | various directories. Packages that | |
| 518 | want to install unit files shall place | |
| 519 | them in the directory returned by | |
| 520 | <command>pkg-config systemd | |
| 521 | --variable=systemdsystemunitdir</command>. Other | |
| 522 | directories checked are | |
| d636fa3d | 523 | <filename>/usr/local/lib/systemd/system</filename> |
| 7874bcd6 | 524 | and |
| d636fa3d | 525 | <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system</filename>. User |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
526 | configuration always takes |
| 527 | precedence. <command>pkg-config | |
| 528 | systemd | |
| 529 | --variable=systemdsystemconfdir</command> | |
| 530 | returns the path of the system | |
| 531 | configuration directory. Packages | |
| ee5762e3 LP |
532 | should alter the content of these |
| 533 | directories only with the | |
| 534 | <command>enable</command> and | |
| 535 | <command>disable</command> commands of | |
| 536 | the | |
| 537 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 13219b7f ZJS |
538 | tool. Full list of directories is provided in |
| 539 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
| 540 | </para></listitem> | |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
541 | </varlistentry> |
| 542 | </variablelist> | |
| 543 | ||
| 544 | <variablelist> | |
| 545 | <varlistentry> | |
| af2d49f7 | 546 | <term>User unit directories</term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
547 | |
| 548 | <listitem><para>Similar rules apply | |
| af2d49f7 | 549 | for the user unit |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
550 | directories. However, here the <ulink |
| 551 | url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG | |
| 552 | Base Directory specification</ulink> | |
| 553 | is followed to find | |
| 554 | units. Applications should place their | |
| 555 | unit files in the directory returned | |
| 556 | by <command>pkg-config systemd | |
| af2d49f7 | 557 | --variable=systemduserunitdir</command>. Global |
| ee5762e3 LP |
558 | configuration is done in the directory |
| 559 | reported by <command>pkg-config | |
| 560 | systemd | |
| af2d49f7 | 561 | --variable=systemduserconfdir</command>. The |
| ee5762e3 LP |
562 | <command>enable</command> and |
| 563 | <command>disable</command> commands of | |
| 564 | the | |
| 565 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
566 | tool can handle both global (i.e. for |
| 567 | all users) and private (for one user) | |
| 568 | enabling/disabling of | |
| 13219b7f ZJS |
569 | units. Full list of directories is provided in |
| 570 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
| 571 | </para></listitem> | |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
572 | </varlistentry> |
| 573 | </variablelist> | |
| 574 | ||
| 575 | <variablelist> | |
| 576 | <varlistentry> | |
| 577 | <term>SysV init scripts directory</term> | |
| 578 | ||
| 579 | <listitem><para>The location of the | |
| 580 | SysV init script directory varies | |
| 581 | between distributions. If systemd | |
| 582 | cannot find a native unit file for a | |
| af62c704 | 583 | requested service, it will look for a |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
584 | SysV init script of the same name |
| 585 | (with the | |
| 586 | <filename>.service</filename> suffix | |
| 587 | removed).</para></listitem> | |
| 588 | </varlistentry> | |
| 589 | </variablelist> | |
| 590 | ||
| 591 | <variablelist> | |
| 592 | <varlistentry> | |
| 593 | <term>SysV runlevel link farm directory</term> | |
| 594 | ||
| 595 | <listitem><para>The location of the | |
| 596 | SysV runlevel link farm directory | |
| 597 | varies between distributions. systemd | |
| 598 | will take the link farm into account | |
| 599 | when figuring out whether a service | |
| 600 | shall be enabled. Note that a service | |
| 601 | unit with a native unit configuration | |
| edb9aaa8 | 602 | file cannot be started by activating it |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
603 | in the SysV runlevel link |
| 604 | farm.</para></listitem> | |
| 605 | </varlistentry> | |
| 606 | </variablelist> | |
| 160cd5c9 LP |
607 | </refsect1> |
| 608 | ||
| 609 | <refsect1> | |
| 7874bcd6 | 610 | <title>Signals</title> |
| 160cd5c9 LP |
611 | |
| 612 | <variablelist> | |
| 613 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 614 | <term><constant>SIGTERM</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
615 | |
| 616 | <listitem><para>Upon receiving this | |
| 617 | signal the systemd system manager | |
| 618 | serializes its state, reexecutes | |
| 619 | itself and deserializes the saved | |
| 620 | state again. This is mostly equivalent | |
| 621 | to <command>systemctl | |
| 622 | daemon-reexec</command>.</para> | |
| 623 | ||
| af2d49f7 | 624 | <para>systemd user managers will |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
625 | start the |
| 626 | <filename>exit.target</filename> unit | |
| 627 | when this signal is received. This is | |
| 628 | mostly equivalent to | |
| af2d49f7 | 629 | <command>systemctl --user start |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
630 | exit.target</command>.</para></listitem> |
| 631 | </varlistentry> | |
| 632 | ||
| 633 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 634 | <term><constant>SIGINT</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
635 | |
| 636 | <listitem><para>Upon receiving this | |
| 637 | signal the systemd system manager will | |
| 638 | start the | |
| 639 | <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename> unit. This | |
| 640 | is mostly equivalent to | |
| 641 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 642 | ctl-alt-del.target</command>.</para> | |
| 643 | ||
| af2d49f7 | 644 | <para>systemd user managers |
| 7874bcd6 | 645 | treat this signal the same way as |
| 05cc7267 | 646 | <constant>SIGTERM</constant>.</para></listitem> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
647 | </varlistentry> |
| 648 | ||
| 649 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 650 | <term><constant>SIGWINCH</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
651 | |
| 652 | <listitem><para>When this signal is | |
| 653 | received the systemd system manager | |
| 654 | will start the | |
| 655 | <filename>kbrequest.target</filename> | |
| 656 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 657 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 658 | kbrequest.target</command>.</para> | |
| 659 | ||
| 660 | <para>This signal is ignored by | |
| af2d49f7 | 661 | systemd user |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
662 | managers.</para></listitem> |
| 663 | </varlistentry> | |
| 664 | ||
| 665 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 666 | <term><constant>SIGPWR</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
667 | |
| 668 | <listitem><para>When this signal is | |
| 669 | received the systemd manager | |
| 670 | will start the | |
| 671 | <filename>sigpwr.target</filename> | |
| 672 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 673 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 674 | sigpwr.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 675 | </varlistentry> | |
| 676 | ||
| 677 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 678 | <term><constant>SIGUSR1</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
679 | |
| 680 | <listitem><para>When this signal is | |
| 681 | received the systemd manager will try | |
| 682 | to reconnect to the D-Bus | |
| 683 | bus.</para></listitem> | |
| 684 | </varlistentry> | |
| 685 | ||
| 686 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 687 | <term><constant>SIGUSR2</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
688 | |
| 689 | <listitem><para>When this signal is | |
| 690 | received the systemd manager will log | |
| 691 | its complete state in human readable | |
| 692 | form. The data logged is the same as | |
| 693 | printed by <command>systemctl | |
| 694 | dump</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 695 | </varlistentry> | |
| 696 | ||
| 697 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 698 | <term><constant>SIGHUP</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
699 | |
| 700 | <listitem><para>Reloads the complete | |
| 701 | daemon configuration. This is mostly | |
| 702 | equivalent to <command>systemctl | |
| 703 | daemon-reload</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 704 | </varlistentry> | |
| 705 | ||
| 706 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 707 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+0</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
708 | |
| 709 | <listitem><para>Enters default mode, starts the | |
| 710 | <filename>default.target</filename> | |
| 711 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 712 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 713 | default.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 714 | </varlistentry> | |
| 715 | ||
| 716 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 717 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+1</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
718 | |
| 719 | <listitem><para>Enters rescue mode, | |
| 720 | starts the | |
| 721 | <filename>rescue.target</filename> | |
| 722 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 723 | <command>systemctl isolate | |
| 724 | rescue.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 725 | </varlistentry> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 726 | |
| 7874bcd6 | 727 | <varlistentry> |
| 74d00578 | 728 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+2</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
729 | |
| 730 | <listitem><para>Enters emergency mode, | |
| 731 | starts the | |
| 732 | <filename>emergency.service</filename> | |
| 733 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 734 | <command>systemctl isolate | |
| 735 | emergency.service</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 736 | </varlistentry> | |
| 737 | ||
| 738 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 739 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+3</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
740 | |
| 741 | <listitem><para>Halts the machine, | |
| 742 | starts the | |
| 743 | <filename>halt.target</filename> | |
| 744 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 745 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 746 | halt.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 747 | </varlistentry> | |
| 748 | ||
| 749 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 750 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+4</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
751 | |
| 752 | <listitem><para>Powers off the machine, | |
| 753 | starts the | |
| 754 | <filename>poweroff.target</filename> | |
| 755 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 756 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 757 | poweroff.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 758 | </varlistentry> | |
| 759 | ||
| 760 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 761 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+5</constant></term> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
762 | |
| 763 | <listitem><para>Reboots the machine, | |
| 764 | starts the | |
| 765 | <filename>reboot.target</filename> | |
| 766 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 767 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 768 | reboot.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 769 | </varlistentry> |
| 0658666b LP |
770 | |
| 771 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 772 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+6</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
773 | |
| 774 | <listitem><para>Reboots the machine via kexec, | |
| 775 | starts the | |
| 776 | <filename>kexec.target</filename> | |
| 777 | unit. This is mostly equivalent to | |
| 778 | <command>systemctl start | |
| 779 | kexec.target</command>.</para></listitem> | |
| 780 | </varlistentry> | |
| 781 | ||
| 782 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 783 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+13</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
784 | |
| 785 | <listitem><para>Immediately halts the machine.</para></listitem> | |
| 786 | </varlistentry> | |
| 787 | ||
| 788 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 789 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+14</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
790 | |
| 791 | <listitem><para>Immediately powers off the machine.</para></listitem> | |
| 792 | </varlistentry> | |
| 793 | ||
| 794 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 795 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+15</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
796 | |
| 797 | <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine.</para></listitem> | |
| 798 | </varlistentry> | |
| 799 | ||
| 800 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 801 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+16</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
802 | |
| 803 | <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine with kexec.</para></listitem> | |
| 804 | </varlistentry> | |
| 805 | ||
| 806 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 807 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+20</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
808 | |
| 809 | <listitem><para>Enables display of | |
| 810 | status messages on the console, as | |
| 811 | controlled via | |
| 812 | <varname>systemd.show_status=1</varname> | |
| 813 | on the kernel command | |
| 814 | line.</para></listitem> | |
| 815 | </varlistentry> | |
| 816 | ||
| 817 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 | 818 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+21</constant></term> |
| 0658666b LP |
819 | |
| 820 | <listitem><para>Disables display of | |
| 821 | status messages on the console, as | |
| 822 | controlled via | |
| 823 | <varname>systemd.show_status=0</varname> | |
| 824 | on the kernel command | |
| 825 | line.</para></listitem> | |
| 826 | </varlistentry> | |
| 253ee27a LP |
827 | |
| 828 | <varlistentry> | |
| 74d00578 ZJS |
829 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+22</constant></term> |
| 830 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+23</constant></term> | |
| 253ee27a LP |
831 | |
| 832 | <listitem><para>Sets the log level to | |
| 833 | <literal>debug</literal> | |
| 16dad32e | 834 | (or <literal>info</literal> on |
| 74d00578 | 835 | <constant>SIGRTMIN+23</constant>), as |
| 253ee27a LP |
836 | controlled via |
| 837 | <varname>systemd.log_level=debug</varname> | |
| 16dad32e | 838 | (or <varname>systemd.log_level=info</varname> |
| 74d00578 | 839 | on <constant>SIGRTMIN+23</constant>) on |
| 253ee27a LP |
840 | the kernel command |
| 841 | line.</para></listitem> | |
| 842 | </varlistentry> | |
| 843 | ||
| 600b704e | 844 | <varlistentry> |
| 74d00578 | 845 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+24</constant></term> |
| 600b704e LP |
846 | |
| 847 | <listitem><para>Immediately exits the | |
| 848 | manager (only available for --user | |
| 849 | instances).</para></listitem> | |
| 850 | </varlistentry> | |
| 851 | ||
| 253ee27a | 852 | <varlistentry> |
| 74d00578 ZJS |
853 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+26</constant></term> |
| 854 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+27</constant></term> | |
| 855 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+28</constant></term> | |
| 856 | <term><constant>SIGRTMIN+29</constant></term> | |
| 253ee27a LP |
857 | |
| 858 | <listitem><para>Sets the log level to | |
| 4cfa2c99 | 859 | <literal>journal-or-kmsg</literal> |
| 16dad32e | 860 | (or <literal>console</literal> on |
| 74d00578 | 861 | <constant>SIGRTMIN+27</constant>, |
| 16dad32e | 862 | <literal>kmsg</literal> on |
| 74d00578 | 863 | <constant>SIGRTMIN+28</constant>, |
| 16dad32e | 864 | or <literal>syslog-or-kmsg</literal> |
| 74d00578 | 865 | on <constant>SIGRTMIN+29</constant>), as |
| 253ee27a | 866 | controlled via |
| 4cfa2c99 | 867 | <varname>systemd.log_target=journal-or-kmsg</varname> |
| 16dad32e | 868 | (or <varname>systemd.log_target=console</varname> |
| 74d00578 | 869 | on <constant>SIGRTMIN+27</constant>, |
| 16dad32e | 870 | <varname>systemd.log_target=kmsg</varname> |
| 74d00578 | 871 | on <constant>SIGRTMIN+28</constant>, |
| 16dad32e | 872 | or |
| 253ee27a | 873 | <varname>systemd.log_target=syslog-or-kmsg</varname> |
| 74d00578 | 874 | on <constant>SIGRTMIN+29</constant>) on |
| 253ee27a LP |
875 | the kernel command |
| 876 | line.</para></listitem> | |
| 877 | </varlistentry> | |
| 160cd5c9 LP |
878 | </variablelist> |
| 879 | </refsect1> | |
| 880 | ||
| 7874bcd6 LP |
881 | <refsect1> |
| 882 | <title>Environment</title> | |
| 883 | ||
| 08177c85 | 884 | <variablelist class='environment-variables'> |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
885 | <varlistentry> |
| 886 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname></term> | |
| 887 | <listitem><para>systemd reads the | |
| 888 | log level from this environment | |
| 436c44a5 | 889 | variable. This can be overridden with |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
890 | <option>--log-level=</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 891 | </varlistentry> | |
| 892 | ||
| 893 | <varlistentry> | |
| 894 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname></term> | |
| 895 | <listitem><para>systemd reads the | |
| 896 | log target from this environment | |
| 436c44a5 | 897 | variable. This can be overridden with |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
898 | <option>--log-target=</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 899 | </varlistentry> | |
| 900 | ||
| 901 | <varlistentry> | |
| 902 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname></term> | |
| 903 | <listitem><para>Controls whether | |
| 904 | systemd highlights important log | |
| 436c44a5 | 905 | messages. This can be overridden with |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
906 | <option>--log-color=</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 907 | </varlistentry> | |
| 908 | ||
| 909 | <varlistentry> | |
| 910 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname></term> | |
| 911 | <listitem><para>Controls whether | |
| 912 | systemd prints the code location along | |
| 913 | with log messages. This can be | |
| 436c44a5 | 914 | overridden with |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
915 | <option>--log-location=</option>.</para></listitem> |
| 916 | </varlistentry> | |
| 917 | ||
| 918 | <varlistentry> | |
| 919 | <term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname></term> | |
| 920 | <term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</varname></term> | |
| 921 | <term><varname>$XDG_DATA_HOME</varname></term> | |
| 922 | <term><varname>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</varname></term> | |
| 923 | ||
| af2d49f7 | 924 | <listitem><para>The systemd user |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
925 | manager uses these variables in |
| 926 | accordance to the <ulink | |
| 927 | url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG | |
| 928 | Base Directory specification</ulink> | |
| 929 | to find its configuration.</para></listitem> | |
| 930 | </varlistentry> | |
| 931 | ||
| 932 | <varlistentry> | |
| 933 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname></term> | |
| 934 | ||
| 935 | <listitem><para>Controls where systemd | |
| 936 | looks for unit | |
| 937 | files.</para></listitem> | |
| 938 | </varlistentry> | |
| 939 | ||
| 940 | <varlistentry> | |
| 941 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVINIT_PATH</varname></term> | |
| 942 | ||
| 943 | <listitem><para>Controls where systemd | |
| 944 | looks for SysV init scripts.</para></listitem> | |
| 945 | </varlistentry> | |
| 946 | ||
| 947 | <varlistentry> | |
| 948 | <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVRCND_PATH</varname></term> | |
| 949 | ||
| 950 | <listitem><para>Controls where systemd | |
| 951 | looks for SysV init script runlevel link | |
| 952 | farms.</para></listitem> | |
| 953 | </varlistentry> | |
| 954 | ||
| 955 | <varlistentry> | |
| 956 | <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term> | |
| 957 | <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term> | |
| 958 | ||
| 959 | <listitem><para>Set by systemd for | |
| 960 | supervised processes during | |
| 961 | socket-based activation. See | |
| 962 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 963 | for more information. | |
| 964 | </para></listitem> | |
| 965 | </varlistentry> | |
| 966 | ||
| 967 | <varlistentry> | |
| 968 | <term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term> | |
| 969 | ||
| 970 | <listitem><para>Set by systemd for | |
| 971 | supervised processes for status and | |
| 972 | start-up completion notification. See | |
| 973 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 974 | for more information. | |
| 975 | </para></listitem> | |
| 976 | </varlistentry> | |
| 977 | </variablelist> | |
| 978 | </refsect1> | |
| 160cd5c9 | 979 | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
980 | <refsect1> |
| 981 | <title>Kernel Command Line</title> | |
| 982 | ||
| 45dc3a04 LP |
983 | <para>When run as system instance systemd parses a |
| 984 | number of kernel command line | |
| 985 | arguments<footnote><para>If run inside a Linux | |
| 986 | container these arguments may be passed as command | |
| 987 | line arguments to systemd itself, next to any of the | |
| 988 | command line options listed in the Options section | |
| 989 | above. If run outside of Linux containers, these | |
| 990 | arguments are parsed from | |
| 991 | <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename> | |
| 992 | instead.</para></footnote>:</para> | |
| f3e219a2 | 993 | |
| ccc9a4f9 | 994 | <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'> |
| f3e219a2 LP |
995 | <varlistentry> |
| 996 | <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term> | |
| c66e7bc7 | 997 | <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term> |
| f3e219a2 LP |
998 | |
| 999 | <listitem><para>Overrides the unit to | |
| 1000 | activate on boot. Defaults to | |
| 1001 | <filename>default.target</filename>. This | |
| 1002 | may be used to temporarily boot into a | |
| 1003 | different boot unit, for example | |
| 1004 | <filename>rescue.target</filename> or | |
| 1005 | <filename>emergency.service</filename>. See | |
| 1006 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1007 | for details about these units. The |
| 1008 | option prefixed with | |
| bb31a4ac | 1009 | <literal>rd.</literal> is honored |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1010 | only in the initial RAM disk (initrd), |
| 1011 | while the one that isn't prefixed only | |
| 1012 | in the main system.</para></listitem> | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
1013 | </varlistentry> |
| 1014 | ||
| f3e219a2 LP |
1015 | <varlistentry> |
| 1016 | <term><varname>systemd.dump_core=</varname></term> | |
| 1017 | ||
| 1018 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1019 | argument. If <option>true</option> | |
| 1020 | systemd dumps core when it | |
| 1021 | crashes. Otherwise no core dump is | |
| 1022 | created. Defaults to | |
| 1023 | <option>true</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 1024 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1025 | ||
| 1026 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1027 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell=</varname></term> | |
| 1028 | ||
| 1029 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1030 | argument. If <option>true</option> | |
| 1031 | systemd spawns a shell when it | |
| f8553ccb AE |
1032 | crashes. Otherwise no shell is |
| 1033 | spawned. Defaults to | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
1034 | <option>false</option>, for security |
| 1035 | reasons, as the shell is not protected | |
| 1036 | by any password | |
| 1037 | authentication.</para></listitem> | |
| 1038 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1039 | ||
| 1040 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1041 | <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt=</varname></term> | |
| 1042 | ||
| 1043 | <listitem><para>Takes an integer | |
| 1044 | argument. If positive systemd | |
| 1045 | activates the specified virtual | |
| 1046 | terminal when it crashes. Defaults to | |
| 74d00578 | 1047 | <constant>-1</constant>.</para></listitem> |
| f3e219a2 LP |
1048 | </varlistentry> |
| 1049 | ||
| 69dd2852 LP |
1050 | <varlistentry> |
| 1051 | <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn=</varname></term> | |
| 1052 | ||
| 1053 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1054 | argument. If <option>true</option> | |
| 1055 | asks for confirmation when spawning | |
| 1056 | processes. Defaults to | |
| 1057 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| 1058 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1059 | ||
| f3e219a2 LP |
1060 | <varlistentry> |
| 1061 | <term><varname>systemd.show_status=</varname></term> | |
| 1062 | ||
| 1063 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
| 1064 | argument. If <option>true</option> | |
| 1065 | shows terse service status updates on | |
| 1066 | the console during bootup. Defaults to | |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1067 | <option>true</option>, unless |
| 1068 | <option>quiet</option> is passed as | |
| 1069 | kernel command line option in which | |
| 1070 | case it defaults to | |
| 1071 | <option>false</option>.</para></listitem> | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
1072 | </varlistentry> |
| 1073 | ||
| 69dd2852 LP |
1074 | <varlistentry> |
| 1075 | <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term> | |
| 1076 | <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term> | |
| 1077 | <term><varname>systemd.log_color=</varname></term> | |
| 1078 | <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term> | |
| 1079 | ||
| 1080 | <listitem><para>Controls log output, | |
| 1081 | with the same effect as the | |
| 1082 | <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname> | |
| 1083 | environment variables described above.</para></listitem> | |
| 1084 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1085 | ||
| 0a494f1f LP |
1086 | <varlistentry> |
| 1087 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term> | |
| 1088 | <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term> | |
| 1089 | <listitem><para>Controls default | |
| 16dad32e | 1090 | standard output and error output for |
| 0a494f1f LP |
1091 | services, with the same effect as the |
| 1092 | <option>--default-standard-output=</option> | |
| 16dad32e | 1093 | and <option>--default-standard-error=</option> |
| 0a494f1f | 1094 | command line arguments described |
| 16dad32e | 1095 | above, respectively.</para></listitem> |
| 0a494f1f LP |
1096 | </varlistentry> |
| 1097 | ||
| aa704ba8 LP |
1098 | <varlistentry> |
| 1099 | <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term> | |
| 1100 | ||
| 1101 | <listitem><para>Takes a string | |
| 1102 | argument in the form | |
| 1103 | VARIABLE=VALUE. May be used to set | |
| 1104 | environment variables for the init | |
| 1105 | process and all its children at boot | |
| 1106 | time. May be used more than once to | |
| 1107 | set multiple variables. If the equal | |
| bb31a4ac | 1108 | sign and variable are missing it unsets |
| aa704ba8 LP |
1109 | an environment variable which might be |
| 1110 | passed in from the initial ram | |
| 1111 | disk.</para></listitem> | |
| 1112 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1113 | ||
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1114 | <varlistentry> |
| 1115 | <term><varname>quiet</varname></term> | |
| 1116 | ||
| 9749cd77 | 1117 | <listitem><para>Turn off |
| d081dffb | 1118 | status output at boot, much like |
| c66e7bc7 | 1119 | <varname>systemd.show_status=false</varname> |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1120 | would. Note that this option is also |
| 1121 | read by the kernel itself and disables | |
| 9749cd77 LN |
1122 | kernel log output. Passing this option |
| 1123 | hence turns off the usual output from | |
| 1124 | both the system manager and the kernel. | |
| 1125 | </para></listitem> | |
| 1126 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1127 | ||
| 1128 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1129 | <term><varname>debug</varname></term> | |
| 1130 | ||
| 1131 | <listitem><para>Turn on debugging | |
| 1132 | output. This is equivalent to | |
| 1133 | <varname>systemd.log_level=debug</varname>. | |
| 1134 | Note that this option is also read by | |
| 1135 | the kernel itself and enables kernel | |
| 1136 | debug output. Passing this option | |
| 1137 | hence turns on the debug output from | |
| 1138 | both the system manager and the | |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1139 | kernel.</para></listitem> |
| 1140 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1141 | ||
| 1142 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1143 | <term><varname>emergency</varname></term> | |
| 1144 | ||
| 1145 | <listitem><para>Boot into emergency | |
| 1146 | mode. This is equivalent to | |
| 1147 | <varname>systemd.unit=emergency.target</varname> | |
| 1148 | and provided for compatibility | |
| 1149 | reasons and to be easier to type.</para></listitem> | |
| 1150 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1151 | ||
| 1152 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1153 | <term><varname>single</varname></term> | |
| 1154 | <term><varname>s</varname></term> | |
| 1155 | <term><varname>S</varname></term> | |
| 1156 | <term><varname>1</varname></term> | |
| 1157 | ||
| 1158 | <listitem><para>Boot into rescue | |
| 1159 | mode. This is equivalent to | |
| 1160 | <varname>systemd.unit=rescue.target</varname> | |
| 1161 | and provided for compatibility reasons | |
| 1162 | and to be easier to | |
| 1163 | type.</para></listitem> | |
| 1164 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1165 | ||
| 1166 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1167 | <term><varname>2</varname></term> | |
| 1168 | <term><varname>3</varname></term> | |
| 1169 | <term><varname>4</varname></term> | |
| 1170 | <term><varname>5</varname></term> | |
| 1171 | ||
| 1172 | <listitem><para>Boot into the | |
| 16dad32e AE |
1173 | specified legacy SysV runlevel. These |
| 1174 | are equivalent to | |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1175 | <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel2.target</varname>, |
| 1176 | <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel3.target</varname>, | |
| 1177 | <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel4.target</varname>, | |
| 16dad32e | 1178 | and <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel5.target</varname>, respectively, |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1179 | and provided for compatibility reasons |
| 1180 | and to be easier to | |
| 1181 | type.</para></listitem> | |
| 1182 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1183 | ||
| 1184 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1185 | <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term> | |
| 1186 | <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term> | |
| 1187 | <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term> | |
| 1188 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term> | |
| 1189 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term> | |
| 1190 | <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term> | |
| 1191 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term> | |
| 1192 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term> | |
| 1193 | <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term> | |
| 1194 | <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term> | |
| 1195 | <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term> | |
| 1196 | <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term> | |
| 1197 | <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term> | |
| 1198 | <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term> | |
| 1199 | ||
| 1200 | <listitem><para>Set the system locale | |
| 1201 | to use. This overrides the settings in | |
| 1202 | <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>. For | |
| 1203 | more information see | |
| 1204 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 1205 | and | |
| 1206 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
| 1207 | </para></listitem> | |
| 1208 | </varlistentry> | |
| f3e219a2 | 1209 | </variablelist> |
| c66e7bc7 LP |
1210 | |
| 1211 | <para>For other kernel command line parameters | |
| 1212 | understood by components of the core OS, please refer | |
| 1213 | to | |
| 1214 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | |
| f3e219a2 LP |
1215 | </refsect1> |
| 1216 | ||
| 2218198b LP |
1217 | <refsect1> |
| 1218 | <title>Sockets and FIFOs</title> | |
| 1219 | ||
| 1220 | <variablelist> | |
| 1221 | <varlistentry> | |
| bb29785e | 1222 | <term><filename>/run/systemd/notify</filename></term> |
| 2218198b LP |
1223 | |
| 1224 | <listitem><para>Daemon status | |
| bb29785e | 1225 | notification socket. This is an |
| 74d00578 | 1226 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> datagram socket and is used to |
| bb29785e LP |
1227 | implement the daemon notification |
| 1228 | logic as implemented by | |
| 2218198b LP |
1229 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> |
| 1230 | ||
| 1231 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1232 | ||
| 5dc50792 | 1233 | <varlistentry> |
| bb29785e | 1234 | <term><filename>/run/systemd/shutdownd</filename></term> |
| 5dc50792 LP |
1235 | |
| 1236 | <listitem><para>Used internally by the | |
| 1237 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 1238 | tool to implement delayed | |
| 74d00578 | 1239 | shutdowns. This is an <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> datagram |
| bb29785e | 1240 | socket.</para></listitem> |
| 5dc50792 LP |
1241 | </varlistentry> |
| 1242 | ||
| 2218198b | 1243 | <varlistentry> |
| bb29785e | 1244 | <term><filename>/run/systemd/private</filename></term> |
| 2218198b LP |
1245 | |
| 1246 | <listitem><para>Used internally as | |
| 1247 | communication channel between | |
| 1248 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 1249 | and the systemd process. This is an | |
| 74d00578 | 1250 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> stream socket. This interface |
| bb29785e LP |
1251 | is private to systemd and should not |
| 1252 | be used in external | |
| 2218198b LP |
1253 | projects.</para></listitem> |
| 1254 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1255 | ||
| 1256 | <varlistentry> | |
| 1257 | <term><filename>/dev/initctl</filename></term> | |
| 1258 | ||
| 1259 | <listitem><para>Limited compatibility | |
| 1260 | support for the SysV client interface, | |
| 1261 | as implemented by the | |
| 1262 | <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename> | |
| 1263 | unit. This is a named pipe in the file | |
| 1264 | system. This interface is obsolete and | |
| 1265 | should not be used in new | |
| 1266 | applications.</para></listitem> | |
| 1267 | </varlistentry> | |
| 1268 | </variablelist> | |
| 9e632bf7 LP |
1269 | </refsect1> |
| 1270 | ||
| 9e632bf7 LP |
1271 | <refsect1> |
| 1272 | <title>See Also</title> | |
| 1273 | <para> | |
| 5f9cfd4c | 1274 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 4aa6e778 | 1275 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 7874bcd6 | 1276 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 1638bd34 | 1277 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 7874bcd6 | 1278 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 9e632bf7 | 1279 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| cb07866b | 1280 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 7874bcd6 LP |
1281 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 1282 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
| c66e7bc7 | 1283 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 013d8a39 | 1284 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 9cc2c8b7 ZJS |
1285 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
| 1286 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
| 9e632bf7 LP |
1287 | </para> |
| 1288 | </refsect1> | |
| 1289 | ||
| 1290 | </refentry> |