src/sysusers/sysusers.c

   1 /***
   2   This file is part of systemd.
   3
   4   Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
   5
   6   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
   8   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
   9   (at your option) any later version.
  10
  11   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  12   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  14   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  15
  16   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  17   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  18 ***/
  19
  20 #include <getopt.h>
  21 #include <grp.h>
  22 #include <gshadow.h>
  23 #include <pwd.h>
  24 #include <shadow.h>
  25 #include <utmp.h>
  26
  27 #include "alloc-util.h"
  28 #include "conf-files.h"
  29 #include "copy.h"
  30 #include "def.h"
  31 #include "fd-util.h"
  32 #include "fs-util.h"
  33 #include "fileio-label.h"
  34 #include "format-util.h"
  35 #include "hashmap.h"
  36 #include "path-util.h"
  37 #include "selinux-util.h"
  38 #include "smack-util.h"
  39 #include "specifier.h"
  40 #include "string-util.h"
  41 #include "strv.h"
  42 #include "uid-range.h"
  43 #include "user-util.h"
  44 #include "utf8.h"
  45 #include "util.h"
  46
  47 typedef enum ItemType {
  48         ADD_USER = 'u',
  49         ADD_GROUP = 'g',
  50         ADD_MEMBER = 'm',
  51         ADD_RANGE = 'r',
  52 } ItemType;
  53 typedef struct Item {
  54         ItemType type;
  55
  56         char *name;
  57         char *uid_path;
  58         char *gid_path;
  59         char *description;
  60         char *home;
  61
  62         gid_t gid;
  63         uid_t uid;
  64
  65         bool gid_set:1;
  66         bool uid_set:1;
  67
  68         bool todo_user:1;
  69         bool todo_group:1;
  70 } Item;
  71
  72 static char *arg_root = NULL;
  73
  74 static const char conf_file_dirs[] = CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("sysusers.d");
  75
  76 static Hashmap *users = NULL, *groups = NULL;
  77 static Hashmap *todo_uids = NULL, *todo_gids = NULL;
  78 static Hashmap *members = NULL;
  79
  80 static Hashmap *database_uid = NULL, *database_user = NULL;
  81 static Hashmap *database_gid = NULL, *database_group = NULL;
  82
  83 static uid_t search_uid = UID_INVALID;
  84 static UidRange *uid_range = NULL;
  85 static unsigned n_uid_range = 0;
  86
  87 static int load_user_database(void) {
  88         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
  89         const char *passwd_path;
  90         struct passwd *pw;
  91         int r;
  92
  93         passwd_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/passwd");
  94         f = fopen(passwd_path, "re");
  95         if (!f)
  96                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
  97
  98         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_user, &string_hash_ops);
  99         if (r < 0)
 100                 return r;
 101
 102         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_uid, NULL);
 103         if (r < 0)
 104                 return r;
 105
 106         errno = 0;
 107         while ((pw = fgetpwent(f))) {
 108                 char *n;
 109                 int k, q;
 110
 111                 n = strdup(pw->pw_name);
 112                 if (!n)
 113                         return -ENOMEM;
 114
 115                 k = hashmap_put(database_user, n, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid));
 116                 if (k < 0 && k != -EEXIST) {
 117                         free(n);
 118                         return k;
 119                 }
 120
 121                 q = hashmap_put(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid), n);
 122                 if (q < 0 && q != -EEXIST) {
 123                         if (k < 0)
 124                                 free(n);
 125                         return q;
 126                 }
 127
 128                 if (q < 0 && k < 0)
 129                         free(n);
 130
 131                 errno = 0;
 132         }
 133         if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 134                 return -errno;
 135
 136         return 0;
 137 }
 138
 139 static int load_group_database(void) {
 140         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 141         const char *group_path;
 142         struct group *gr;
 143         int r;
 144
 145         group_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/group");
 146         f = fopen(group_path, "re");
 147         if (!f)
 148                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
 149
 150         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_group, &string_hash_ops);
 151         if (r < 0)
 152                 return r;
 153
 154         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_gid, NULL);
 155         if (r < 0)
 156                 return r;
 157
 158         errno = 0;
 159         while ((gr = fgetgrent(f))) {
 160                 char *n;
 161                 int k, q;
 162
 163                 n = strdup(gr->gr_name);
 164                 if (!n)
 165                         return -ENOMEM;
 166
 167                 k = hashmap_put(database_group, n, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid));
 168                 if (k < 0 && k != -EEXIST) {
 169                         free(n);
 170                         return k;
 171                 }
 172
 173                 q = hashmap_put(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid), n);
 174                 if (q < 0 && q != -EEXIST) {
 175                         if (k < 0)
 176                                 free(n);
 177                         return q;
 178                 }
 179
 180                 if (q < 0 && k < 0)
 181                         free(n);
 182
 183                 errno = 0;
 184         }
 185         if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 186                 return -errno;
 187
 188         return 0;
 189 }
 190
 191 static int make_backup(const char *target, const char *x) {
 192         _cleanup_close_ int src = -1;
 193         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *dst = NULL;
 194         _cleanup_free_ char *temp = NULL;
 195         char *backup;
 196         struct timespec ts[2];
 197         struct stat st;
 198         int r;
 199
 200         src = open(x, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
 201         if (src < 0) {
 202                 if (errno == ENOENT) /* No backup necessary... */
 203                         return 0;
 204
 205                 return -errno;
 206         }
 207
 208         if (fstat(src, &st) < 0)
 209                 return -errno;
 210
 211         r = fopen_temporary_label(target, x, &dst, &temp);
 212         if (r < 0)
 213                 return r;
 214
 215         r = copy_bytes(src, fileno(dst), (uint64_t) -1, COPY_REFLINK);
 216         if (r < 0)
 217                 goto fail;
 218
 219         /* Don't fail on chmod() or chown(). If it stays owned by us
 220          * and/or unreadable by others, then it isn't too bad... */
 221
 222         backup = strjoina(x, "-");
 223
 224         /* Copy over the access mask */
 225         if (fchmod(fileno(dst), st.st_mode & 07777) < 0)
 226                 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to change mode on %s: %m", backup);
 227
 228         if (fchown(fileno(dst), st.st_uid, st.st_gid)< 0)
 229                 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to change ownership of %s: %m", backup);
 230
 231         ts[0] = st.st_atim;
 232         ts[1] = st.st_mtim;
 233         if (futimens(fileno(dst), ts) < 0)
 234                 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to fix access and modification time of %s: %m", backup);
 235
 236         r = fflush_sync_and_check(dst);
 237         if (r < 0)
 238                 goto fail;
 239
 240         if (rename(temp, backup) < 0) {
 241                 r = -errno;
 242                 goto fail;
 243         }
 244
 245         return 0;
 246
 247 fail:
 248         unlink(temp);
 249         return r;
 250 }
 251
 252 static int putgrent_with_members(const struct group *gr, FILE *group) {
 253         char **a;
 254
 255         assert(gr);
 256         assert(group);
 257
 258         a = hashmap_get(members, gr->gr_name);
 259         if (a) {
 260                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
 261                 bool added = false;
 262                 char **i;
 263
 264                 l = strv_copy(gr->gr_mem);
 265                 if (!l)
 266                         return -ENOMEM;
 267
 268                 STRV_FOREACH(i, a) {
 269                         if (strv_find(l, *i))
 270                                 continue;
 271
 272                         if (strv_extend(&l, *i) < 0)
 273                                 return -ENOMEM;
 274
 275                         added = true;
 276                 }
 277
 278                 if (added) {
 279                         struct group t;
 280
 281                         strv_uniq(l);
 282                         strv_sort(l);
 283
 284                         t = *gr;
 285                         t.gr_mem = l;
 286
 287                         errno = 0;
 288                         if (putgrent(&t, group) != 0)
 289                                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 290
 291                         return 1;
 292                 }
 293         }
 294
 295         errno = 0;
 296         if (putgrent(gr, group) != 0)
 297                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 298
 299         return 0;
 300 }
 301
 302 #if ENABLE_GSHADOW
 303 static int putsgent_with_members(const struct sgrp *sg, FILE *gshadow) {
 304         char **a;
 305
 306         assert(sg);
 307         assert(gshadow);
 308
 309         a = hashmap_get(members, sg->sg_namp);
 310         if (a) {
 311                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
 312                 bool added = false;
 313                 char **i;
 314
 315                 l = strv_copy(sg->sg_mem);
 316                 if (!l)
 317                         return -ENOMEM;
 318
 319                 STRV_FOREACH(i, a) {
 320                         if (strv_find(l, *i))
 321                                 continue;
 322
 323                         if (strv_extend(&l, *i) < 0)
 324                                 return -ENOMEM;
 325
 326                         added = true;
 327                 }
 328
 329                 if (added) {
 330                         struct sgrp t;
 331
 332                         strv_uniq(l);
 333                         strv_sort(l);
 334
 335                         t = *sg;
 336                         t.sg_mem = l;
 337
 338                         errno = 0;
 339                         if (putsgent(&t, gshadow) != 0)
 340                                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 341
 342                         return 1;
 343                 }
 344         }
 345
 346         errno = 0;
 347         if (putsgent(sg, gshadow) != 0)
 348                 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
 349
 350         return 0;
 351 }
 352 #endif
 353
 354 static int sync_rights(FILE *from, FILE *to) {
 355         struct stat st;
 356
 357         if (fstat(fileno(from), &st) < 0)
 358                 return -errno;
 359
 360         if (fchmod(fileno(to), st.st_mode & 07777) < 0)
 361                 return -errno;
 362
 363         if (fchown(fileno(to), st.st_uid, st.st_gid) < 0)
 364                 return -errno;
 365
 366         return 0;
 367 }
 368
 369 static int rename_and_apply_smack(const char *temp_path, const char *dest_path) {
 370         int r = 0;
 371         if (rename(temp_path, dest_path) < 0)
 372                 return -errno;
 373
 374 #ifdef SMACK_RUN_LABEL
 375         r = mac_smack_apply(dest_path, SMACK_ATTR_ACCESS, SMACK_FLOOR_LABEL);
 376         if (r < 0)
 377                 return r;
 378 #endif
 379         return r;
 380 }
 381
 382 static int write_temporary_passwd(const char *passwd_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 383         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *passwd = NULL;
 384         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *passwd_tmp = NULL;
 385         Iterator iterator;
 386         Item *i;
 387         int r;
 388
 389         if (hashmap_size(todo_uids) == 0)
 390                 return 0;
 391
 392         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/passwd", passwd_path, &passwd, &passwd_tmp);
 393         if (r < 0)
 394                 return r;
 395
 396         original = fopen(passwd_path, "re");
 397         if (original) {
 398                 struct passwd *pw;
 399
 400                 r = sync_rights(original, passwd);
 401                 if (r < 0)
 402                         return r;
 403
 404                 errno = 0;
 405                 while ((pw = fgetpwent(original))) {
 406
 407                         i = hashmap_get(users, pw->pw_name);
 408                         if (i && i->todo_user) {
 409                                 log_error("%s: User \"%s\" already exists.", passwd_path, pw->pw_name);
 410                                 return -EEXIST;
 411                         }
 412
 413                         if (hashmap_contains(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid))) {
 414                                 log_error("%s: Detected collision for UID " UID_FMT ".", passwd_path, pw->pw_uid);
 415                                 return -EEXIST;
 416                         }
 417
 418                         errno = 0;
 419                         if (putpwent(pw, passwd) < 0)
 420                                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 421
 422                         errno = 0;
 423                 }
 424                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 425                         return -errno;
 426
 427         } else {
 428                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 429                         return -errno;
 430                 if (fchmod(fileno(passwd), 0644) < 0)
 431                         return -errno;
 432         }
 433
 434         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_uids, iterator) {
 435                 struct passwd n = {
 436                         .pw_name = i->name,
 437                         .pw_uid = i->uid,
 438                         .pw_gid = i->gid,
 439                         .pw_gecos = i->description,
 440
 441                         /* "x" means the password is stored in the shadow file */
 442                         .pw_passwd = (char*) "x",
 443
 444                         /* We default to the root directory as home */
 445                         .pw_dir = i->home ? i->home : (char*) "/",
 446
 447                         /* Initialize the shell to nologin, with one exception:
 448                          * for root we patch in something special */
 449                         .pw_shell = i->uid == 0 ? (char*) "/bin/sh" : (char*) "/sbin/nologin",
 450                 };
 451
 452                 errno = 0;
 453                 if (putpwent(&n, passwd) != 0)
 454                         return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 455         }
 456
 457         r = fflush_and_check(passwd);
 458         if (r < 0)
 459                 return r;
 460
 461         *tmpfile = passwd;
 462         *tmpfile_path = passwd_tmp;
 463         passwd = NULL;
 464         passwd_tmp = NULL;
 465         return 0;
 466 }
 467
 468 static int write_temporary_shadow(const char *shadow_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 469         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *shadow = NULL;
 470         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *shadow_tmp = NULL;
 471         Iterator iterator;
 472         long lstchg;
 473         Item *i;
 474         int r;
 475
 476         if (hashmap_size(todo_uids) == 0)
 477                 return 0;
 478
 479         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/shadow", shadow_path, &shadow, &shadow_tmp);
 480         if (r < 0)
 481                 return r;
 482
 483         lstchg = (long) (now(CLOCK_REALTIME) / USEC_PER_DAY);
 484
 485         original = fopen(shadow_path, "re");
 486         if (original) {
 487                 struct spwd *sp;
 488
 489                 r = sync_rights(original, shadow);
 490                 if (r < 0)
 491                         return r;
 492
 493                 errno = 0;
 494                 while ((sp = fgetspent(original))) {
 495
 496                         i = hashmap_get(users, sp->sp_namp);
 497                         if (i && i->todo_user) {
 498                                 /* we will update the existing entry */
 499                                 sp->sp_lstchg = lstchg;
 500
 501                                 /* only the /etc/shadow stage is left, so we can
 502                                  * safely remove the item from the todo set */
 503                                 i->todo_user = false;
 504                                 hashmap_remove(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(i->uid));
 505                         }
 506
 507                         errno = 0;
 508                         if (putspent(sp, shadow) < 0)
 509                                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 510
 511                         errno = 0;
 512                 }
 513                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 514                         return -errno;
 515
 516         } else {
 517                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 518                         return -errno;
 519                 if (fchmod(fileno(shadow), 0000) < 0)
 520                         return -errno;
 521         }
 522
 523         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_uids, iterator) {
 524                 struct spwd n = {
 525                         .sp_namp = i->name,
 526                         .sp_pwdp = (char*) "!!",
 527                         .sp_lstchg = lstchg,
 528                         .sp_min = -1,
 529                         .sp_max = -1,
 530                         .sp_warn = -1,
 531                         .sp_inact = -1,
 532                         .sp_expire = -1,
 533                         .sp_flag = (unsigned long) -1, /* this appears to be what everybody does ... */
 534                 };
 535
 536                 errno = 0;
 537                 if (putspent(&n, shadow) != 0)
 538                         return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 539         }
 540
 541         r = fflush_sync_and_check(shadow);
 542         if (r < 0)
 543                 return r;
 544
 545         *tmpfile = shadow;
 546         *tmpfile_path = shadow_tmp;
 547         shadow = NULL;
 548         shadow_tmp = NULL;
 549         return 0;
 550 }
 551
 552 static int write_temporary_group(const char *group_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 553         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *group = NULL;
 554         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *group_tmp = NULL;
 555         bool group_changed = false;
 556         Iterator iterator;
 557         Item *i;
 558         int r;
 559
 560         if (hashmap_size(todo_gids) == 0 && hashmap_size(members) == 0)
 561                 return 0;
 562
 563         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/group", group_path, &group, &group_tmp);
 564         if (r < 0)
 565                 return r;
 566
 567         original = fopen(group_path, "re");
 568         if (original) {
 569                 struct group *gr;
 570
 571                 r = sync_rights(original, group);
 572                 if (r < 0)
 573                         return r;
 574
 575                 errno = 0;
 576                 while ((gr = fgetgrent(original))) {
 577                         /* Safety checks against name and GID collisions. Normally,
 578                          * this should be unnecessary, but given that we look at the
 579                          * entries anyway here, let's make an extra verification
 580                          * step that we don't generate duplicate entries. */
 581
 582                         i = hashmap_get(groups, gr->gr_name);
 583                         if (i && i->todo_group) {
 584                                 log_error("%s: Group \"%s\" already exists.", group_path, gr->gr_name);
 585                                 return -EEXIST;
 586                         }
 587
 588                         if (hashmap_contains(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid))) {
 589                                 log_error("%s: Detected collision for GID " GID_FMT ".", group_path, gr->gr_gid);
 590                                 return  -EEXIST;
 591                         }
 592
 593                         r = putgrent_with_members(gr, group);
 594                         if (r < 0)
 595                                 return r;
 596                         if (r > 0)
 597                                 group_changed = true;
 598
 599                         errno = 0;
 600                 }
 601                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 602                         return -errno;
 603
 604         } else {
 605                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 606                         return -errno;
 607                 if (fchmod(fileno(group), 0644) < 0)
 608                         return -errno;
 609         }
 610
 611         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_gids, iterator) {
 612                 struct group n = {
 613                         .gr_name = i->name,
 614                         .gr_gid = i->gid,
 615                         .gr_passwd = (char*) "x",
 616                 };
 617
 618                 r = putgrent_with_members(&n, group);
 619                 if (r < 0)
 620                         return r;
 621
 622                 group_changed = true;
 623         }
 624
 625         r = fflush_sync_and_check(group);
 626         if (r < 0)
 627                 return r;
 628
 629         if (group_changed) {
 630                 *tmpfile = group;
 631                 *tmpfile_path = group_tmp;
 632                 group = NULL;
 633                 group_tmp = NULL;
 634         }
 635         return 0;
 636 }
 637
 638 static int write_temporary_gshadow(const char * gshadow_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 639 #if ENABLE_GSHADOW
 640         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *gshadow = NULL;
 641         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *gshadow_tmp = NULL;
 642         bool group_changed = false;
 643         Iterator iterator;
 644         Item *i;
 645         int r;
 646
 647         if (hashmap_size(todo_gids) == 0 && hashmap_size(members) == 0)
 648                 return 0;
 649
 650         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/gshadow", gshadow_path, &gshadow, &gshadow_tmp);
 651         if (r < 0)
 652                 return r;
 653
 654         original = fopen(gshadow_path, "re");
 655         if (original) {
 656                 struct sgrp *sg;
 657
 658                 r = sync_rights(original, gshadow);
 659                 if (r < 0)
 660                         return r;
 661
 662                 errno = 0;
 663                 while ((sg = fgetsgent(original))) {
 664
 665                         i = hashmap_get(groups, sg->sg_namp);
 666                         if (i && i->todo_group) {
 667                                 log_error("%s: Group \"%s\" already exists.", gshadow_path, sg->sg_namp);
 668                                 return -EEXIST;
 669                         }
 670
 671                         r = putsgent_with_members(sg, gshadow);
 672                         if (r < 0)
 673                                 return r;
 674                         if (r > 0)
 675                                 group_changed = true;
 676
 677                         errno = 0;
 678                 }
 679                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 680                         return -errno;
 681
 682         } else {
 683                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 684                         return -errno;
 685                 if (fchmod(fileno(gshadow), 0000) < 0)
 686                         return -errno;
 687         }
 688
 689         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_gids, iterator) {
 690                 struct sgrp n = {
 691                         .sg_namp = i->name,
 692                         .sg_passwd = (char*) "!!",
 693                 };
 694
 695                 r = putsgent_with_members(&n, gshadow);
 696                 if (r < 0)
 697                         return r;
 698
 699                 group_changed = true;
 700         }
 701
 702         r = fflush_sync_and_check(gshadow);
 703         if (r < 0)
 704                 return r;
 705
 706         if (group_changed) {
 707                 *tmpfile = gshadow;
 708                 *tmpfile_path = gshadow_tmp;
 709                 gshadow = NULL;
 710                 gshadow_tmp = NULL;
 711         }
 712         return 0;
 713 #else
 714         return 0;
 715 #endif
 716 }
 717
 718 static int write_files(void) {
 719         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *passwd = NULL, *group = NULL, *shadow = NULL, *gshadow = NULL;
 720         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *passwd_tmp = NULL, *group_tmp = NULL, *shadow_tmp = NULL, *gshadow_tmp = NULL;
 721         const char *passwd_path = NULL, *group_path = NULL, *shadow_path = NULL, *gshadow_path = NULL;
 722         int r;
 723
 724         passwd_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/passwd");
 725         shadow_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/shadow");
 726         group_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/group");
 727         gshadow_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/gshadow");
 728
 729         r = write_temporary_group(group_path, &group, &group_tmp);
 730         if (r < 0)
 731                 return r;
 732
 733         r = write_temporary_gshadow(gshadow_path, &gshadow, &gshadow_tmp);
 734         if (r < 0)
 735                 return r;
 736
 737         r = write_temporary_passwd(passwd_path, &passwd, &passwd_tmp);
 738         if (r < 0)
 739                 return r;
 740
 741         r = write_temporary_shadow(shadow_path, &shadow, &shadow_tmp);
 742         if (r < 0)
 743                 return r;
 744
 745         /* Make a backup of the old files */
 746         if (group) {
 747                 r = make_backup("/etc/group", group_path);
 748                 if (r < 0)
 749                         return r;
 750         }
 751         if (gshadow) {
 752                 r = make_backup("/etc/gshadow", gshadow_path);
 753                 if (r < 0)
 754                         return r;
 755         }
 756
 757         if (passwd) {
 758                 r = make_backup("/etc/passwd", passwd_path);
 759                 if (r < 0)
 760                         return r;
 761         }
 762         if (shadow) {
 763                 r = make_backup("/etc/shadow", shadow_path);
 764                 if (r < 0)
 765                         return r;
 766         }
 767
 768         /* And make the new files count */
 769         if (group) {
 770                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(group_tmp, group_path);
 771                 if (r < 0)
 772                         return r;
 773
 774                 group_tmp = mfree(group_tmp);
 775         }
 776         if (gshadow) {
 777                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(gshadow_tmp, gshadow_path);
 778                 if (r < 0)
 779                         return r;
 780
 781                 gshadow_tmp = mfree(gshadow_tmp);
 782         }
 783
 784         if (passwd) {
 785                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(passwd_tmp, passwd_path);
 786                 if (r < 0)
 787                         return r;
 788
 789                 passwd_tmp = mfree(passwd_tmp);
 790         }
 791         if (shadow) {
 792                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(shadow_tmp, shadow_path);
 793                 if (r < 0)
 794                         return r;
 795
 796                 shadow_tmp = mfree(shadow_tmp);
 797         }
 798
 799         return 0;
 800 }
 801
 802 static int uid_is_ok(uid_t uid, const char *name) {
 803         struct passwd *p;
 804         struct group *g;
 805         const char *n;
 806         Item *i;
 807
 808         /* Let's see if we already have assigned the UID a second time */
 809         if (hashmap_get(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(uid)))
 810                 return 0;
 811
 812         /* Try to avoid using uids that are already used by a group
 813          * that doesn't have the same name as our new user. */
 814         i = hashmap_get(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(uid));
 815         if (i && !streq(i->name, name))
 816                 return 0;
 817
 818         /* Let's check the files directly */
 819         if (hashmap_contains(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(uid)))
 820                 return 0;
 821
 822         n = hashmap_get(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(uid));
 823         if (n && !streq(n, name))
 824                 return 0;
 825
 826         /* Let's also check via NSS, to avoid UID clashes over LDAP and such, just in case */
 827         if (!arg_root) {
 828                 errno = 0;
 829                 p = getpwuid(uid);
 830                 if (p)
 831                         return 0;
 832                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 833                         return -errno;
 834
 835                 errno = 0;
 836                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) uid);
 837                 if (g) {
 838                         if (!streq(g->gr_name, name))
 839                                 return 0;
 840                 } else if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 841                         return -errno;
 842         }
 843
 844         return 1;
 845 }
 846
 847 static int root_stat(const char *p, struct stat *st) {
 848         const char *fix;
 849
 850         fix = prefix_roota(arg_root, p);
 851         if (stat(fix, st) < 0)
 852                 return -errno;
 853
 854         return 0;
 855 }
 856
 857 static int read_id_from_file(Item *i, uid_t *_uid, gid_t *_gid) {
 858         struct stat st;
 859         bool found_uid = false, found_gid = false;
 860         uid_t uid = 0;
 861         gid_t gid = 0;
 862
 863         assert(i);
 864
 865         /* First, try to get the gid directly */
 866         if (_gid && i->gid_path && root_stat(i->gid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 867                 gid = st.st_gid;
 868                 found_gid = true;
 869         }
 870
 871         /* Then, try to get the uid directly */
 872         if ((_uid || (_gid && !found_gid))
 873             && i->uid_path
 874             && root_stat(i->uid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 875
 876                 uid = st.st_uid;
 877                 found_uid = true;
 878
 879                 /* If we need the gid, but had no success yet, also derive it from the uid path */
 880                 if (_gid && !found_gid) {
 881                         gid = st.st_gid;
 882                         found_gid = true;
 883                 }
 884         }
 885
 886         /* If that didn't work yet, then let's reuse the gid as uid */
 887         if (_uid && !found_uid && i->gid_path) {
 888
 889                 if (found_gid) {
 890                         uid = (uid_t) gid;
 891                         found_uid = true;
 892                 } else if (root_stat(i->gid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 893                         uid = (uid_t) st.st_gid;
 894                         found_uid = true;
 895                 }
 896         }
 897
 898         if (_uid) {
 899                 if (!found_uid)
 900                         return 0;
 901
 902                 *_uid = uid;
 903         }
 904
 905         if (_gid) {
 906                 if (!found_gid)
 907                         return 0;
 908
 909                 *_gid = gid;
 910         }
 911
 912         return 1;
 913 }
 914
 915 static int add_user(Item *i) {
 916         void *z;
 917         int r;
 918
 919         assert(i);
 920
 921         /* Check the database directly */
 922         z = hashmap_get(database_user, i->name);
 923         if (z) {
 924                 log_debug("User %s already exists.", i->name);
 925                 i->uid = PTR_TO_UID(z);
 926                 i->uid_set = true;
 927                 return 0;
 928         }
 929
 930         if (!arg_root) {
 931                 struct passwd *p;
 932
 933                 /* Also check NSS */
 934                 errno = 0;
 935                 p = getpwnam(i->name);
 936                 if (p) {
 937                         log_debug("User %s already exists.", i->name);
 938                         i->uid = p->pw_uid;
 939                         i->uid_set = true;
 940
 941                         r = free_and_strdup(&i->description, p->pw_gecos);
 942                         if (r < 0)
 943                                 return log_oom();
 944
 945                         return 0;
 946                 }
 947                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 948                         return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to check if user %s already exists: %m", i->name);
 949         }
 950
 951         /* Try to use the suggested numeric uid */
 952         if (i->uid_set) {
 953                 r = uid_is_ok(i->uid, i->name);
 954                 if (r < 0)
 955                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
 956                 if (r == 0) {
 957                         log_debug("Suggested user ID " UID_FMT " for %s already used.", i->uid, i->name);
 958                         i->uid_set = false;
 959                 }
 960         }
 961
 962         /* If that didn't work, try to read it from the specified path */
 963         if (!i->uid_set) {
 964                 uid_t c;
 965
 966                 if (read_id_from_file(i, &c, NULL) > 0) {
 967
 968                         if (c <= 0 || !uid_range_contains(uid_range, n_uid_range, c))
 969                                 log_debug("User ID " UID_FMT " of file not suitable for %s.", c, i->name);
 970                         else {
 971                                 r = uid_is_ok(c, i->name);
 972                                 if (r < 0)
 973                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
 974                                 else if (r > 0) {
 975                                         i->uid = c;
 976                                         i->uid_set = true;
 977                                 } else
 978                                         log_debug("User ID " UID_FMT " of file for %s is already used.", c, i->name);
 979                         }
 980                 }
 981         }
 982
 983         /* Otherwise, try to reuse the group ID */
 984         if (!i->uid_set && i->gid_set) {
 985                 r = uid_is_ok((uid_t) i->gid, i->name);
 986                 if (r < 0)
 987                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
 988                 if (r > 0) {
 989                         i->uid = (uid_t) i->gid;
 990                         i->uid_set = true;
 991                 }
 992         }
 993
 994         /* And if that didn't work either, let's try to find a free one */
 995         if (!i->uid_set) {
 996                 for (;;) {
 997                         r = uid_range_next_lower(uid_range, n_uid_range, &search_uid);
 998                         if (r < 0) {
 999                                 log_error("No free user ID available for %s.", i->name);
1000                                 return r;
1001                         }
1002
1003                         r = uid_is_ok(search_uid, i->name);
1004                         if (r < 0)
1005                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
1006                         else if (r > 0)
1007                                 break;
1008                 }
1009
1010                 i->uid_set = true;
1011                 i->uid = search_uid;
1012         }
1013
1014         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&todo_uids, NULL);
1015         if (r < 0)
1016                 return log_oom();
1017
1018         r = hashmap_put(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(i->uid), i);
1019         if (r < 0)
1020                 return log_oom();
1021
1022         i->todo_user = true;
1023         log_info("Creating user %s (%s) with uid " UID_FMT " and gid " GID_FMT ".", i->name, strna(i->description), i->uid, i->gid);
1024
1025         return 0;
1026 }
1027
1028 static int gid_is_ok(gid_t gid) {
1029         struct group *g;
1030         struct passwd *p;
1031
1032         if (hashmap_get(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1033                 return 0;
1034
1035         /* Avoid reusing gids that are already used by a different user */
1036         if (hashmap_get(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1037                 return 0;
1038
1039         if (hashmap_contains(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1040                 return 0;
1041
1042         if (hashmap_contains(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1043                 return 0;
1044
1045         if (!arg_root) {
1046                 errno = 0;
1047                 g = getgrgid(gid);
1048                 if (g)
1049                         return 0;
1050                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1051                         return -errno;
1052
1053                 errno = 0;
1054                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) gid);
1055                 if (p)
1056                         return 0;
1057                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1058                         return -errno;
1059         }
1060
1061         return 1;
1062 }
1063
1064 static int add_group(Item *i) {
1065         void *z;
1066         int r;
1067
1068         assert(i);
1069
1070         /* Check the database directly */
1071         z = hashmap_get(database_group, i->name);
1072         if (z) {
1073                 log_debug("Group %s already exists.", i->name);
1074                 i->gid = PTR_TO_GID(z);
1075                 i->gid_set = true;
1076                 return 0;
1077         }
1078
1079         /* Also check NSS */
1080         if (!arg_root) {
1081                 struct group *g;
1082
1083                 errno = 0;
1084                 g = getgrnam(i->name);
1085                 if (g) {
1086                         log_debug("Group %s already exists.", i->name);
1087                         i->gid = g->gr_gid;
1088                         i->gid_set = true;
1089                         return 0;
1090                 }
1091                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1092                         return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to check if group %s already exists: %m", i->name);
1093         }
1094
1095         /* Try to use the suggested numeric gid */
1096         if (i->gid_set) {
1097                 r = gid_is_ok(i->gid);
1098                 if (r < 0)
1099                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1100                 if (r == 0) {
1101                         log_debug("Suggested group ID " GID_FMT " for %s already used.", i->gid, i->name);
1102                         i->gid_set = false;
1103                 }
1104         }
1105
1106         /* Try to reuse the numeric uid, if there's one */
1107         if (!i->gid_set && i->uid_set) {
1108                 r = gid_is_ok((gid_t) i->uid);
1109                 if (r < 0)
1110                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1111                 if (r > 0) {
1112                         i->gid = (gid_t) i->uid;
1113                         i->gid_set = true;
1114                 }
1115         }
1116
1117         /* If that didn't work, try to read it from the specified path */
1118         if (!i->gid_set) {
1119                 gid_t c;
1120
1121                 if (read_id_from_file(i, NULL, &c) > 0) {
1122
1123                         if (c <= 0 || !uid_range_contains(uid_range, n_uid_range, c))
1124                                 log_debug("Group ID " GID_FMT " of file not suitable for %s.", c, i->name);
1125                         else {
1126                                 r = gid_is_ok(c);
1127                                 if (r < 0)
1128                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1129                                 else if (r > 0) {
1130                                         i->gid = c;
1131                                         i->gid_set = true;
1132                                 } else
1133                                         log_debug("Group ID " GID_FMT " of file for %s already used.", c, i->name);
1134                         }
1135                 }
1136         }
1137
1138         /* And if that didn't work either, let's try to find a free one */
1139         if (!i->gid_set) {
1140                 for (;;) {
1141                         /* We look for new GIDs in the UID pool! */
1142                         r = uid_range_next_lower(uid_range, n_uid_range, &search_uid);
1143                         if (r < 0) {
1144                                 log_error("No free group ID available for %s.", i->name);
1145                                 return r;
1146                         }
1147
1148                         r = gid_is_ok(search_uid);
1149                         if (r < 0)
1150                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1151                         else if (r > 0)
1152                                 break;
1153                 }
1154
1155                 i->gid_set = true;
1156                 i->gid = search_uid;
1157         }
1158
1159         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&todo_gids, NULL);
1160         if (r < 0)
1161                 return log_oom();
1162
1163         r = hashmap_put(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(i->gid), i);
1164         if (r < 0)
1165                 return log_oom();
1166
1167         i->todo_group = true;
1168         log_info("Creating group %s with gid " GID_FMT ".", i->name, i->gid);
1169
1170         return 0;
1171 }
1172
1173 static int process_item(Item *i) {
1174         int r;
1175
1176         assert(i);
1177
1178         switch (i->type) {
1179
1180         case ADD_USER:
1181                 r = add_group(i);
1182                 if (r < 0)
1183                         return r;
1184
1185                 return add_user(i);
1186
1187         case ADD_GROUP: {
1188                 Item *j;
1189
1190                 j = hashmap_get(users, i->name);
1191                 if (j) {
1192                         /* There's already user to be created for this
1193                          * name, let's process that in one step */
1194
1195                         if (i->gid_set) {
1196                                 j->gid = i->gid;
1197                                 j->gid_set = true;
1198                         }
1199
1200                         if (i->gid_path) {
1201                                 r = free_and_strdup(&j->gid_path, i->gid_path);
1202                                 if (r < 0)
1203                                         return log_oom();
1204                         }
1205
1206                         return 0;
1207                 }
1208
1209                 return add_group(i);
1210         }
1211
1212         default:
1213                 assert_not_reached("Unknown item type");
1214         }
1215 }
1216
1217 static void item_free(Item *i) {
1218
1219         if (!i)
1220                 return;
1221
1222         free(i->name);
1223         free(i->uid_path);
1224         free(i->gid_path);
1225         free(i->description);
1226         free(i->home);
1227         free(i);
1228 }
1229
1230 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Item*, item_free);
1231
1232 static int add_implicit(void) {
1233         char *g, **l;
1234         Iterator iterator;
1235         int r;
1236
1237         /* Implicitly create additional users and groups, if they were listed in "m" lines */
1238
1239         HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(l, g, members, iterator) {
1240                 Item *i;
1241                 char **m;
1242
1243                 i = hashmap_get(groups, g);
1244                 if (!i) {
1245                         _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *j = NULL;
1246
1247                         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&groups, &string_hash_ops);
1248                         if (r < 0)
1249                                 return log_oom();
1250
1251                         j = new0(Item, 1);
1252                         if (!j)
1253                                 return log_oom();
1254
1255                         j->type = ADD_GROUP;
1256                         j->name = strdup(g);
1257                         if (!j->name)
1258                                 return log_oom();
1259
1260                         r = hashmap_put(groups, j->name, j);
1261                         if (r < 0)
1262                                 return log_oom();
1263
1264                         log_debug("Adding implicit group '%s' due to m line", j->name);
1265                         j = NULL;
1266                 }
1267
1268                 STRV_FOREACH(m, l) {
1269
1270                         i = hashmap_get(users, *m);
1271                         if (!i) {
1272                                 _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *j = NULL;
1273
1274                                 r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&users, &string_hash_ops);
1275                                 if (r < 0)
1276                                         return log_oom();
1277
1278                                 j = new0(Item, 1);
1279                                 if (!j)
1280                                         return log_oom();
1281
1282                                 j->type = ADD_USER;
1283                                 j->name = strdup(*m);
1284                                 if (!j->name)
1285                                         return log_oom();
1286
1287                                 r = hashmap_put(users, j->name, j);
1288                                 if (r < 0)
1289                                         return log_oom();
1290
1291                                 log_debug("Adding implicit user '%s' due to m line", j->name);
1292                                 j = NULL;
1293                         }
1294                 }
1295         }
1296
1297         return 0;
1298 }
1299
1300 static bool item_equal(Item *a, Item *b) {
1301         assert(a);
1302         assert(b);
1303
1304         if (a->type != b->type)
1305                 return false;
1306
1307         if (!streq_ptr(a->name, b->name))
1308                 return false;
1309
1310         if (!streq_ptr(a->uid_path, b->uid_path))
1311                 return false;
1312
1313         if (!streq_ptr(a->gid_path, b->gid_path))
1314                 return false;
1315
1316         if (!streq_ptr(a->description, b->description))
1317                 return false;
1318
1319         if (a->uid_set != b->uid_set)
1320                 return false;
1321
1322         if (a->uid_set && a->uid != b->uid)
1323                 return false;
1324
1325         if (a->gid_set != b->gid_set)
1326                 return false;
1327
1328         if (a->gid_set && a->gid != b->gid)
1329                 return false;
1330
1331         if (!streq_ptr(a->home, b->home))
1332                 return false;
1333
1334         return true;
1335 }
1336
1337 static int parse_line(const char *fname, unsigned line, const char *buffer) {
1338
1339         static const Specifier specifier_table[] = {
1340                 { 'm', specifier_machine_id, NULL },
1341                 { 'b', specifier_boot_id, NULL },
1342                 { 'H', specifier_host_name, NULL },
1343                 { 'v', specifier_kernel_release, NULL },
1344                 {}
1345         };
1346
1347         _cleanup_free_ char *action = NULL, *name = NULL, *id = NULL, *resolved_name = NULL, *resolved_id = NULL, *description = NULL, *home = NULL;
1348         _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *i = NULL;
1349         Item *existing;
1350         Hashmap *h;
1351         int r;
1352         const char *p;
1353
1354         assert(fname);
1355         assert(line >= 1);
1356         assert(buffer);
1357
1358         /* Parse columns */
1359         p = buffer;
1360         r = extract_many_words(&p, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES, &action, &name, &id, &description, &home, NULL);
1361         if (r < 0) {
1362                 log_error("[%s:%u] Syntax error.", fname, line);
1363                 return r;
1364         }
1365         if (r < 2) {
1366                 log_error("[%s:%u] Missing action and name columns.", fname, line);
1367                 return -EINVAL;
1368         }
1369         if (!isempty(p)) {
1370                 log_error("[%s:%u] Trailing garbage.", fname, line);
1371                 return -EINVAL;
1372         }
1373
1374         /* Verify action */
1375         if (strlen(action) != 1) {
1376                 log_error("[%s:%u] Unknown modifier '%s'", fname, line, action);
1377                 return -EINVAL;
1378         }
1379
1380         if (!IN_SET(action[0], ADD_USER, ADD_GROUP, ADD_MEMBER, ADD_RANGE)) {
1381                 log_error("[%s:%u] Unknown command type '%c'.", fname, line, action[0]);
1382                 return -EBADMSG;
1383         }
1384
1385         /* Verify name */
1386         if (isempty(name) || streq(name, "-"))
1387                 name = mfree(name);
1388
1389         if (name) {
1390                 r = specifier_printf(name, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_name);
1391                 if (r < 0) {
1392                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, name);
1393                         return r;
1394                 }
1395
1396                 if (!valid_user_group_name(resolved_name)) {
1397                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid user or group name.", fname, line, resolved_name);
1398                         return -EINVAL;
1399                 }
1400         }
1401
1402         /* Verify id */
1403         if (isempty(id) || streq(id, "-"))
1404                 id = mfree(id);
1405
1406         if (id) {
1407                 r = specifier_printf(id, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_id);
1408                 if (r < 0) {
1409                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, name);
1410                         return r;
1411                 }
1412         }
1413
1414         /* Verify description */
1415         if (isempty(description) || streq(description, "-"))
1416                 description = mfree(description);
1417
1418         if (description) {
1419                 if (!valid_gecos(description)) {
1420                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid GECOS field.", fname, line, description);
1421                         return -EINVAL;
1422                 }
1423         }
1424
1425         /* Verify home */
1426         if (isempty(home) || streq(home, "-"))
1427                 home = mfree(home);
1428
1429         if (home) {
1430                 if (!valid_home(home)) {
1431                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid home directory field.", fname, line, home);
1432                         return -EINVAL;
1433                 }
1434         }
1435
1436         switch (action[0]) {
1437
1438         case ADD_RANGE:
1439                 if (resolved_name) {
1440                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' don't take a name field.", fname, line);
1441                         return -EINVAL;
1442                 }
1443
1444                 if (!resolved_id) {
1445                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' require a ID range in the third field.", fname, line);
1446                         return -EINVAL;
1447                 }
1448
1449                 if (description) {
1450                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' don't take a GECOS field.", fname, line);
1451                         return -EINVAL;
1452                 }
1453
1454                 if (home) {
1455                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' don't take a home directory field.", fname, line);
1456                         return -EINVAL;
1457                 }
1458
1459                 r = uid_range_add_str(&uid_range, &n_uid_range, resolved_id);
1460                 if (r < 0) {
1461                         log_error("[%s:%u] Invalid UID range %s.", fname, line, resolved_id);
1462                         return -EINVAL;
1463                 }
1464
1465                 return 0;
1466
1467         case ADD_MEMBER: {
1468                 char **l;
1469
1470                 /* Try to extend an existing member or group item */
1471                 if (!name) {
1472                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1473                         return -EINVAL;
1474                 }
1475
1476                 if (!resolved_id) {
1477                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' require a group name in the third field.", fname, line);
1478                         return -EINVAL;
1479                 }
1480
1481                 if (!valid_user_group_name(resolved_id)) {
1482                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid user or group name.", fname, line, resolved_id);
1483                         return -EINVAL;
1484                 }
1485
1486                 if (description) {
1487                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' don't take a GECOS field.", fname, line);
1488                         return -EINVAL;
1489                 }
1490
1491                 if (home) {
1492                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' don't take a home directory field.", fname, line);
1493                         return -EINVAL;
1494                 }
1495
1496                 r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&members, &string_hash_ops);
1497                 if (r < 0)
1498                         return log_oom();
1499
1500                 l = hashmap_get(members, resolved_id);
1501                 if (l) {
1502                         /* A list for this group name already exists, let's append to it */
1503                         r = strv_push(&l, resolved_name);
1504                         if (r < 0)
1505                                 return log_oom();
1506
1507                         resolved_name = NULL;
1508
1509                         assert_se(hashmap_update(members, resolved_id, l) >= 0);
1510                 } else {
1511                         /* No list for this group name exists yet, create one */
1512
1513                         l = new0(char *, 2);
1514                         if (!l)
1515                                 return -ENOMEM;
1516
1517                         l[0] = resolved_name;
1518                         l[1] = NULL;
1519
1520                         r = hashmap_put(members, resolved_id, l);
1521                         if (r < 0) {
1522                                 free(l);
1523                                 return log_oom();
1524                         }
1525
1526                         resolved_id = resolved_name = NULL;
1527                 }
1528
1529                 return 0;
1530         }
1531
1532         case ADD_USER:
1533                 if (!name) {
1534                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'u' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1535                         return -EINVAL;
1536                 }
1537
1538                 r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&users, &string_hash_ops);
1539                 if (r < 0)
1540                         return log_oom();
1541
1542                 i = new0(Item, 1);
1543                 if (!i)
1544                         return log_oom();
1545
1546                 if (resolved_id) {
1547                         if (path_is_absolute(resolved_id)) {
1548                                 i->uid_path = resolved_id;
1549                                 resolved_id = NULL;
1550
1551                                 path_kill_slashes(i->uid_path);
1552                         } else {
1553                                 r = parse_uid(resolved_id, &i->uid);
1554                                 if (r < 0) {
1555                                         log_error("Failed to parse UID: %s", id);
1556                                         return -EBADMSG;
1557                                 }
1558
1559                                 i->uid_set = true;
1560                         }
1561                 }
1562
1563                 i->description = description;
1564                 description = NULL;
1565
1566                 i->home = home;
1567                 home = NULL;
1568
1569                 h = users;
1570                 break;
1571
1572         case ADD_GROUP:
1573                 if (!name) {
1574                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'g' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1575                         return -EINVAL;
1576                 }
1577
1578                 if (description) {
1579                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'g' don't take a GECOS field.", fname, line);
1580                         return -EINVAL;
1581                 }
1582
1583                 if (home) {
1584                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'g' don't take a home directory field.", fname, line);
1585                         return -EINVAL;
1586                 }
1587
1588                 r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&groups, &string_hash_ops);
1589                 if (r < 0)
1590                         return log_oom();
1591
1592                 i = new0(Item, 1);
1593                 if (!i)
1594                         return log_oom();
1595
1596                 if (resolved_id) {
1597                         if (path_is_absolute(resolved_id)) {
1598                                 i->gid_path = resolved_id;
1599                                 resolved_id = NULL;
1600
1601                                 path_kill_slashes(i->gid_path);
1602                         } else {
1603                                 r = parse_gid(resolved_id, &i->gid);
1604                                 if (r < 0) {
1605                                         log_error("Failed to parse GID: %s", id);
1606                                         return -EBADMSG;
1607                                 }
1608
1609                                 i->gid_set = true;
1610                         }
1611                 }
1612
1613                 h = groups;
1614                 break;
1615
1616         default:
1617                 return -EBADMSG;
1618         }
1619
1620         i->type = action[0];
1621         i->name = resolved_name;
1622         resolved_name = NULL;
1623
1624         existing = hashmap_get(h, i->name);
1625         if (existing) {
1626
1627                 /* Two identical items are fine */
1628                 if (!item_equal(existing, i))
1629                         log_warning("Two or more conflicting lines for %s configured, ignoring.", i->name);
1630
1631                 return 0;
1632         }
1633
1634         r = hashmap_put(h, i->name, i);
1635         if (r < 0)
1636                 return log_oom();
1637
1638         i = NULL;
1639         return 0;
1640 }
1641
1642 static int read_config_file(const char *fn, bool ignore_enoent) {
1643         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *rf = NULL;
1644         FILE *f = NULL;
1645         char line[LINE_MAX];
1646         unsigned v = 0;
1647         int r = 0;
1648
1649         assert(fn);
1650
1651         if (streq(fn, "-"))
1652                 f = stdin;
1653         else {
1654                 r = search_and_fopen_nulstr(fn, "re", arg_root, conf_file_dirs, &rf);
1655                 if (r < 0) {
1656                         if (ignore_enoent && r == -ENOENT)
1657                                 return 0;
1658
1659                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open '%s', ignoring: %m", fn);
1660                 }
1661
1662                 f = rf;
1663         }
1664
1665         FOREACH_LINE(line, f, break) {
1666                 char *l;
1667                 int k;
1668
1669                 v++;
1670
1671                 l = strstrip(line);
1672                 if (*l == '#' || *l == 0)
1673                         continue;
1674
1675                 k = parse_line(fn, v, l);
1676                 if (k < 0 && r == 0)
1677                         r = k;
1678         }
1679
1680         if (ferror(f)) {
1681                 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read from file %s: %m", fn);
1682                 if (r == 0)
1683                         r = -EIO;
1684         }
1685
1686         return r;
1687 }
1688
1689 static void free_database(Hashmap *by_name, Hashmap *by_id) {
1690         char *name;
1691
1692         for (;;) {
1693                 name = hashmap_first(by_id);
1694                 if (!name)
1695                         break;
1696
1697                 hashmap_remove(by_name, name);
1698
1699                 hashmap_steal_first_key(by_id);
1700                 free(name);
1701         }
1702
1703         while ((name = hashmap_steal_first_key(by_name)))
1704                 free(name);
1705
1706         hashmap_free(by_name);
1707         hashmap_free(by_id);
1708 }
1709
1710 static void help(void) {
1711         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [CONFIGURATION FILE...]\n\n"
1712                "Creates system user accounts.\n\n"
1713                "  -h --help                 Show this help\n"
1714                "     --version              Show package version\n"
1715                "     --root=PATH            Operate on an alternate filesystem root\n"
1716                , program_invocation_short_name);
1717 }
1718
1719 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1720
1721         enum {
1722                 ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
1723                 ARG_ROOT,
1724         };
1725
1726         static const struct option options[] = {
1727                 { "help",    no_argument,       NULL, 'h'         },
1728                 { "version", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION },
1729                 { "root",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT    },
1730                 {}
1731         };
1732
1733         int c, r;
1734
1735         assert(argc >= 0);
1736         assert(argv);
1737
1738         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", options, NULL)) >= 0)
1739
1740                 switch (c) {
1741
1742                 case 'h':
1743                         help();
1744                         return 0;
1745
1746                 case ARG_VERSION:
1747                         return version();
1748
1749                 case ARG_ROOT:
1750                         r = parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg, true, &arg_root);
1751                         if (r < 0)
1752                                 return r;
1753                         break;
1754
1755                 case '?':
1756                         return -EINVAL;
1757
1758                 default:
1759                         assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
1760                 }
1761
1762         return 1;
1763 }
1764
1765 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1766
1767         _cleanup_close_ int lock = -1;
1768         Iterator iterator;
1769         int r, k;
1770         Item *i;
1771         char *n;
1772
1773         r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
1774         if (r <= 0)
1775                 goto finish;
1776
1777         log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1778         log_parse_environment();
1779         log_open();
1780
1781         umask(0022);
1782
1783         r = mac_selinux_init();
1784         if (r < 0) {
1785                 log_error_errno(r, "SELinux setup failed: %m");
1786                 goto finish;
1787         }
1788
1789         if (optind < argc) {
1790                 int j;
1791
1792                 for (j = optind; j < argc; j++) {
1793                         k = read_config_file(argv[j], false);
1794                         if (k < 0 && r == 0)
1795                                 r = k;
1796                 }
1797         } else {
1798                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL;
1799                 char **f;
1800
1801                 r = conf_files_list_nulstr(&files, ".conf", arg_root, 0, conf_file_dirs);
1802                 if (r < 0) {
1803                         log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enumerate sysusers.d files: %m");
1804                         goto finish;
1805                 }
1806
1807                 STRV_FOREACH(f, files) {
1808                         k = read_config_file(*f, true);
1809                         if (k < 0 && r == 0)
1810                                 r = k;
1811                 }
1812         }
1813
1814         /* Let's tell nss-systemd not to synthesize the "root" and "nobody" entries for it, so that our detection
1815          * whether the names or UID/GID area already used otherwise doesn't get confused. After all, even though
1816          * nss-systemd synthesizes these users/groups, they should still appear in /etc/passwd and /etc/group, as the
1817          * synthesizing logic is merely supposed to be fallback for cases where we run with a completely unpopulated
1818          * /etc. */
1819         if (setenv("SYSTEMD_NSS_BYPASS_SYNTHETIC", "1", 1) < 0) {
1820                 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set SYSTEMD_NSS_BYPASS_SYNTHETIC environment variable: %m");
1821                 goto finish;
1822         }
1823
1824         if (!uid_range) {
1825                 /* Default to default range of 1..SYSTEMD_UID_MAX */
1826                 r = uid_range_add(&uid_range, &n_uid_range, 1, SYSTEM_UID_MAX);
1827                 if (r < 0) {
1828                         log_oom();
1829                         goto finish;
1830                 }
1831         }
1832
1833         r = add_implicit();
1834         if (r < 0)
1835                 goto finish;
1836
1837         lock = take_etc_passwd_lock(arg_root);
1838         if (lock < 0) {
1839                 log_error_errno(lock, "Failed to take lock: %m");
1840                 goto finish;
1841         }
1842
1843         r = load_user_database();
1844         if (r < 0) {
1845                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to load user database: %m");
1846                 goto finish;
1847         }
1848
1849         r = load_group_database();
1850         if (r < 0) {
1851                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read group database: %m");
1852                 goto finish;
1853         }
1854
1855         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, groups, iterator)
1856                 process_item(i);
1857
1858         HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, users, iterator)
1859                 process_item(i);
1860
1861         r = write_files();
1862         if (r < 0)
1863                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write files: %m");
1864
1865 finish:
1866         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(groups)))
1867                 item_free(i);
1868
1869         while ((i = hashmap_steal_first(users)))
1870                 item_free(i);
1871
1872         while ((n = hashmap_first_key(members))) {
1873                 strv_free(hashmap_steal_first(members));
1874                 free(n);
1875         }
1876
1877         hashmap_free(groups);
1878         hashmap_free(users);
1879         hashmap_free(members);
1880         hashmap_free(todo_uids);
1881         hashmap_free(todo_gids);
1882
1883         free_database(database_user, database_uid);
1884         free_database(database_group, database_gid);
1885
1886         free(arg_root);
1887
1888         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1889 }