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-# Interface Stability Promise
+# Interface Portability and Stability Promise
systemd provides various interfaces developers and programs might rely on. Starting with version 26 (the first version released with Fedora 15) we promise to keep a number of them stable and compatible for the future.
The stable interfaces are:
* **The unit configuration file format**. Unit files written now will stay compatible with future versions of systemd. Extensions to the file format will happen in a way that existing files remain compatible.
+
* **The command line interface** of `systemd`, `systemctl`, `loginctl`, `journalctl`, and all other command line utilities installed in `$PATH` and documented in a man page. We will make sure that scripts invoking these commands will continue to work with future versions of systemd. Note however that the output generated by these commands is generally not included in the promise, unless it is documented in the man page. Example: the output of `systemctl status` is not stable, but that of `systemctl show` is, because the former is intended to be human readable and the latter computer readable, and this is documented in the man page.
-* **The protocol spoken on the socket referred to by $NOTIFY_SOCKET**, as documented in (sd_notify(3))[https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_notify.html].
+
+* **The protocol spoken on the socket referred to by `$NOTIFY_SOCKET`**, as documented in [sd_notify(3)](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_notify.html).
+
* Some of the **"special" unit names** and their semantics. To be precise the ones that are necessary for normal services, and not those required only for early boot and late shutdown, with very few exceptions. To list them here: `basic.target`, `shutdown.target`, `sockets.target`, `network.target`, `getty.target`, `graphical.target`, `multi-user.target`, `rescue.target`, `emergency.target`, `poweroff.target`, `reboot.target`, `halt.target`, `runlevel[1-5].target`.
+
* **The D-Bus interfaces of the main service daemon and other daemons**. We try to always preserve backwards compatiblity, and intentational breakage is never introduced. Nevertheless, when we find bugs that mean that the existing interface was not useful, or when the implementation did something different than stated by the documentation and the implemented behaviour is not useful, we will fix the implementation and thus introduce a change in behaviour. But the API (parameter counts and types) is never changed, and existing attributes and methods will not be removed.
+
* For a more comprehensive and authoritative list, consult the chart below.
The following interfaces will not necessarily be kept stable for now, but we will eventually make a stability promise for these interfaces too. In the meantime we will however try to keep breakage of these interfaces at a minimum:
* **The set of states of the various state machines used in systemd**, e.g. the high-level unit states inactive, active, deactivating, and so on, as well (and in particular) the low-level per-unit states.
+
* **All "special" units that aren't listed above**.
The following interfaces are considered private to systemd, and are not and will not be covered by any stability promise:
* **Undocumented switches** to `systemd`, `systemctl` and otherwise.
+
* **The internal protocols** used on the various sockets such as the sockets `/run/systemd/shutdown`, `/run/systemd/private`.
One of the main goals of systemd is to unify basic Linux configurations and service behaviors across all distributions. Systemd project does not contain any distribution-specific parts. Distributions are expected to convert over time their individual configurations to the systemd format, or they will need to carry and maintain patches in their package if they still decide to stay different.
Note that this is a promise, not an eternal guarantee. These are our intentions, but if in the future there are very good reasons to change or get rid of an interface we have listed above as stable, then we might take the liberty to do so, despite this promise. However, if we do this, then we'll do our best to provide a smooth and reasonably long transition phase.
-# Interface Portability And Stability Chart
+## Interface Portability And Stability Chart
systemd provides a number of APIs to applications. Below you'll find a table detailing which APIs are considered stable and how portable they are.
Note that not all of these interfaces are our invention (but most), we just adopted them in systemd to make them more prominently implemented. For example, we adopted many Debian facilities in systemd to push it into the other distributions as well.
-
---
-
And now, here's the list of (hopefully) all APIs that we have introduced with systemd:
| API | Type | Covered by Interface Stability Promise | Fully documented | Known External Consumers | Reimplementable Independently | Known Other Implementations | systemd Implementation portable to other OSes or non-systemd distributions |
| [hostnamed](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/hostnamed) | D-Bus | yes | yes | GNOME | yes | [Ubuntu](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-system-service), [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/desktop/gnome/openrc-settingsd.xml), [BSD](http://uglyman.kremlin.cc/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=systembsd.git;a=summary) | partially |
| [localed](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/localed) | D-Bus | yes | yes | GNOME | yes | [Ubuntu](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-system-service), [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/desktop/gnome/openrc-settingsd.xml), [BSD](http://uglyman.kremlin.cc/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=systembsd.git;a=summary) | partially |
| [timedated](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/timedated) | D-Bus | yes | yes | GNOME | yes | [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/desktop/gnome/openrc-settingsd.xml), [BSD](http://uglyman.kremlin.cc/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=systembsd.git;a=summary) | partially |
-| [initrd interface](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface) | Environment, flag files | yes | yes | dracut, [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | yes | [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | no |
-| [Container interface](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface) | Environment, Mounts | yes | yes | libvirt/LXC | yes | - | no |
+| [initrd interface](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface) | Environment, flag files | yes | yes | dracut, ArchLinux | yes | ArchLinux | no |
+| [Container interface](https://systemd.io/CONTAINER_INTERFACE) | Environment, Mounts | yes | yes | libvirt/LXC | yes | - | no |
| [Boot Loader interface](https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_INTERFACE) | EFI variables | yes | yes | gummiboot | yes | - | no |
| [Service bus API](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/dbus) | D-Bus | yes | yes | system-config-services | no | - | no |
| [logind](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/logind) | D-Bus | yes | yes | GNOME | no | - | no |
-| [sd-login.h API](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd-login.html) | C Library | yes | yes | GNOME, [PolicyKit](PolicyKit), ... | no | - | no |
+| [sd-login.h API](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd-login.html) | C Library | yes | yes | GNOME, PolicyKit, ... | no | - | no |
| [sd-daemon.h API](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd-daemon.html) | C Library or Drop-in | yes | yes | numerous | yes | - | yes |
| [sd-id128.h API](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd-id128.html) | C Library | yes | yes | - | yes | - | no |
| [sd-journal.h API](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd-journal.html) | C Library | yes | yes | - | maybe | - | no |
| [$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html) | Environment | yes | yes | glib, GNOME | yes | - | no |
| [$LISTEN_FDS $LISTEN_PID FD Passing](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_listen_fds.html) | Environment | yes | yes | numerous (via sd-daemon.h) | yes | - | no |
| [$NOTIFY_SOCKET Daemon Notifications](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sd_notify.html) | Environment | yes | yes | a few, including udev | yes | - | no |
-| [argv[0][0]='@' Logic](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons) | /proc marking | yes | yes | mdadm | yes | - | no |
+| [argv[0][0]='@' Logic](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons) | `/proc` marking | yes | yes | mdadm | yes | - | no |
| [Unit file format](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous | no | - | no |
| [Journal File Format](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/journal-files) | File format | yes | yes | - | maybe | - | no |
| [Journal Export Format](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | - | no |
| [udev multi-seat properties](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/multiseat) | udev Property | yes | yes | X11, gdm | no | - | no |
| udev session switch ACL properties | udev Property | no | no | - | no | - | no |
| [CLI of systemctl,...](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemctl.html) | CLI | yes | yes | numerous | no | - | no |
-| [tmpfiles.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/tmpfiles.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous | yes | [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | partially |
+| [tmpfiles.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/tmpfiles.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous | yes | ArchLinux | partially |
| [sysusers.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sysusers.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | unknown | yes | | partially |
| [/etc/machine-id](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/machine-id.html) | File format | yes | yes | D-Bus | yes | - | no |
| [binfmt.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/binfmt.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous | yes | - | partially |
-| [/etc/hostname](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/hostname.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous (it's a Debian thing) | yes | Debian, [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | no |
-| [/etc/locale.conf](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/locale.conf.html) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | partially |
+| [/etc/hostname](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/hostname.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous (it's a Debian thing) | yes | Debian, ArchLinux | no |
+| [/etc/locale.conf](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/locale.conf.html) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | ArchLinux | partially |
| [/etc/machine-info](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/machine-info.html) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | - | partially |
| [modules-load.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/modules-load.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous | yes | - | partially |
-| [/usr/lib/os-release](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) | File format | yes | yes | some | yes | Fedora, OpenSUSE, [ArchLinux](ArchLinux), Angstrom, Frugalware, others... | no |
-| [sysctl.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sysctl.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | some (it's a Debian thing) | yes | procps/Debian, [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | partially |
+| [/usr/lib/os-release](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html) | File format | yes | yes | some | yes | Fedora, OpenSUSE, ArchLinux, Angstrom, Frugalware, others... | no |
+| [sysctl.d](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/sysctl.d.html) | File format | yes | yes | some (it's a Debian thing) | yes | procps/Debian, ArchLinux | partially |
| [/etc/timezone](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/timezone.html) | File format | yes | yes | numerous (it's a Debian thing) | yes | Debian | partially |
-| [/etc/vconsole.conf](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/vconsole.conf.html) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | partially |
-| /run | File hierarchy change | yes | yes | numerous | yes | OpenSUSE, Debian, [ArchLinux](ArchLinux) | no |
+| [/etc/vconsole.conf](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/vconsole.conf.html) | File format | yes | yes | - | yes | ArchLinux | partially |
+| `/run` | File hierarchy change | yes | yes | numerous | yes | OpenSUSE, Debian, ArchLinux | no |
| [Generators](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.generator.html) | Subprocess | yes | yes | - | no | - | no |
| [System Updates](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.offline-updates.html) | System Mode | yes | yes | - | no | - | no |
| [Presets](https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset) | File format | yes | yes | - | no | - | no |
Of course, one last thing I can't make myself not ask you before we finish here, and before you start reimplementing these APIs in your distribution: are you sure it's time well spent if you work on reimplementing all this code instead of just spending it on adopting systemd on your distro as well?
-## Independent operation of systemd programs
+## Independent Operation of systemd Programs
Some programs in the systemd suite are indended to operate independently of the
running init process (or even without an init process, for example when
Many other programs support operation without the system manager except when
the specific functionality requires such communication. For example
`journalctl` operates almost independently, but will query the boot id when
-`--boot` option is used. `systemd-journal-remote`, `systemd-journal-upload`,
-`systemd-journal-gatewayd`, `coredumpctl`, `busctl`, `systemctl --root` also
-fall into this category.
+`--boot` option is used; it also requires `systemd-journald` (and thus
+`systemd`) to be running for options like `--flush` and `--sync`.
+`systemd-journal-remote`, `systemd-journal-upload`, `systemd-journal-gatewayd`,
+`coredumpctl`, `busctl`, `systemctl --root` also fall into this category of
+mostly-independent programs.
projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / blobdiff