]> git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/systemd.git/blobdiff - src/resolve/resolved-dns-query.c
hwdb: Update database of Bluetooth company identifiers
[thirdparty/systemd.git] / src / resolve / resolved-dns-query.c
index 6e04324da5d9f8b319b139e4e13013dd3b8afe45..c0b4c8ba81836c090fc7c5411f88496e0c1b13db 100644 (file)
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "dns-domain.h"
+#include "local-addresses.h"
+
 #include "resolved-dns-query.h"
-#include "resolved-dns-domain.h"
 
-#define TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_USEC (5 * USEC_PER_SEC)
+/* How long to wait for the query in total */
 #define QUERY_TIMEOUT_USEC (30 * USEC_PER_SEC)
-#define ATTEMPTS_MAX 8
+
 #define CNAME_MAX 8
+#define QUERIES_MAX 2048
+
+static void dns_query_stop(DnsQuery *q) {
+        DnsTransaction *t;
 
-static int dns_query_transaction_start(DnsQueryTransaction *t);
+        assert(q);
 
-DnsQueryTransaction* dns_query_transaction_free(DnsQueryTransaction *t) {
-        if (!t)
+        q->timeout_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(q->timeout_event_source);
+
+        while ((t = set_steal_first(q->transactions))) {
+                set_remove(t->queries, q);
+                dns_transaction_gc(t);
+        }
+}
+
+DnsQuery *dns_query_free(DnsQuery *q) {
+        if (!q)
                 return NULL;
 
-        sd_event_source_unref(t->timeout_event_source);
+        dns_query_stop(q);
+        set_free(q->transactions);
 
-        dns_packet_unref(t->sent);
-        dns_packet_unref(t->received);
+        dns_question_unref(q->question);
+        dns_answer_unref(q->answer);
 
-        sd_event_source_unref(t->tcp_event_source);
-        safe_close(t->tcp_fd);
+        sd_bus_message_unref(q->request);
+        sd_bus_track_unref(q->bus_track);
 
-        if (t->query) {
-                LIST_REMOVE(transactions_by_query, t->query->transactions, t);
-                hashmap_remove(t->query->manager->dns_query_transactions, UINT_TO_PTR(t->id));
+        if (q->manager) {
+                LIST_REMOVE(queries, q->manager->dns_queries, q);
+                q->manager->n_dns_queries--;
         }
 
-        if (t->scope)
-                LIST_REMOVE(transactions_by_scope, t->scope->transactions, t);
+        free(q);
 
-        free(t);
         return NULL;
 }
 
-DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(DnsQueryTransaction*, dns_query_transaction_free);
-
-static int dns_query_transaction_new(DnsQuery *q, DnsQueryTransaction **ret, DnsScope *s) {
-        _cleanup_(dns_query_transaction_freep) DnsQueryTransaction *t = NULL;
+int dns_query_new(Manager *m, DnsQuery **ret, DnsQuestion *question, int ifindex, uint64_t flags) {
+        _cleanup_(dns_query_freep) DnsQuery *q = NULL;
+        unsigned i;
         int r;
 
-        assert(q);
-        assert(s);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(question);
 
-        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&q->manager->dns_query_transactions, NULL, NULL);
+        r = dns_question_is_valid(question);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        t = new0(DnsQueryTransaction, 1);
-        if (!t)
+        if (m->n_dns_queries >= QUERIES_MAX)
+                return -EBUSY;
+
+        q = new0(DnsQuery, 1);
+        if (!q)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        t->tcp_fd = -1;
+        q->question = dns_question_ref(question);
+        q->ifindex = ifindex;
+        q->flags = flags;
 
-        do
-                random_bytes(&t->id, sizeof(t->id));
-        while (t->id == 0 ||
-               hashmap_get(q->manager->dns_query_transactions, UINT_TO_PTR(t->id)));
+        for (i = 0; i < question->n_keys; i++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p;
 
-        r = hashmap_put(q->manager->dns_query_transactions, UINT_TO_PTR(t->id), t);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                t->id = 0;
-                return r;
-        }
+                r = dns_resource_key_to_string(question->keys[i], &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-        LIST_PREPEND(transactions_by_query, q->transactions, t);
-        t->query = q;
+                log_debug("Looking up RR for %s", p);
+        }
 
-        LIST_PREPEND(transactions_by_scope, s->transactions, t);
-        t->scope = s;
+        LIST_PREPEND(queries, m->dns_queries, q);
+        m->n_dns_queries++;
+        q->manager = m;
 
         if (ret)
-                *ret = t;
-
-        t = NULL;
+                *ret = q;
+        q = NULL;
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void dns_query_transaction_stop(DnsQueryTransaction *t) {
-        assert(t);
+static void dns_query_complete(DnsQuery *q, DnsTransactionState state) {
+        assert(q);
+        assert(!IN_SET(state, DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL, DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING));
+        assert(IN_SET(q->state, DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL, DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING));
 
-        t->timeout_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(t->timeout_event_source);
-        t->tcp_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(t->tcp_event_source);
-        t->tcp_fd = safe_close(t->tcp_fd);
-}
+        /* Note that this call might invalidate the query. Callers
+         * should hence not attempt to access the query or transaction
+         * after calling this function. */
 
-static void dns_query_transaction_set_state(DnsQueryTransaction *t, DnsQueryState state) {
-        assert(t);
+        q->state = state;
 
-        if (t->state == state)
-                return;
+        dns_query_stop(q);
+        if (q->complete)
+                q->complete(q);
+}
+
+static int on_query_timeout(sd_event_source *s, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        DnsQuery *q = userdata;
 
-        t->state = state;
+        assert(s);
+        assert(q);
 
-        if (state != DNS_QUERY_PENDING) {
-                dns_query_transaction_stop(t);
-                dns_query_finish(t->query);
-        }
+        dns_query_complete(q, DNS_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT);
+        return 0;
 }
 
-static int on_tcp_ready(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
-        DnsQueryTransaction *t = userdata;
+static int dns_query_add_transaction(DnsQuery *q, DnsScope *s, DnsResourceKey *key) {
+        DnsTransaction *t;
         int r;
 
-        assert(t);
+        assert(q);
+        assert(s);
+        assert(key);
 
-        if (revents & EPOLLOUT) {
-                struct iovec iov[2];
-                be16_t sz;
-                ssize_t ss;
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&q->transactions, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-                sz = htobe16(t->sent->size);
+        t = dns_scope_find_transaction(s, key, true);
+        if (!t) {
+                r = dns_transaction_new(&t, s, key);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
-                iov[0].iov_base = &sz;
-                iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(sz);
-                iov[1].iov_base = DNS_PACKET_DATA(t->sent);
-                iov[1].iov_len = t->sent->size;
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&t->queries, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto gc;
 
-                IOVEC_INCREMENT(iov, 2, t->tcp_written);
+        r = set_put(t->queries, q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto gc;
 
-                ss = writev(fd, iov, 2);
-                if (ss < 0) {
-                        if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
-                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                return -errno;
-                        }
-                } else
-                        t->tcp_written += ss;
-
-                /* Are we done? If so, disable the event source for EPOLLOUT */
-                if (t->tcp_written >= sizeof(sz) + t->sent->size) {
-                        r = sd_event_source_set_io_events(s, EPOLLIN);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                return r;
-                        }
-                }
+        r = set_put(q->transactions, t);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                set_remove(t->queries, q);
+                goto gc;
         }
 
-        if (revents & (EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP|EPOLLRDHUP)) {
+        return 0;
 
-                if (t->tcp_read < sizeof(t->tcp_read_size)) {
-                        ssize_t ss;
+gc:
+        dns_transaction_gc(t);
+        return r;
+}
 
-                        ss = read(fd, (uint8_t*) &t->tcp_read_size + t->tcp_read, sizeof(t->tcp_read_size) - t->tcp_read);
-                        if (ss < 0) {
-                                if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
-                                        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                        return -errno;
-                                }
-                        } else if (ss == 0) {
-                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                return -EIO;
-                        } else
-                                t->tcp_read += ss;
-                }
+static int dns_query_add_transaction_split(DnsQuery *q, DnsScope *s) {
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
 
-                if (t->tcp_read >= sizeof(t->tcp_read_size)) {
+        assert(q);
+        assert(s);
 
-                        if (be16toh(t->tcp_read_size) < DNS_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE) {
-                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_INVALID_REPLY);
-                                return -EBADMSG;
-                        }
+        /* Create one transaction per question key */
 
-                        if (t->tcp_read < sizeof(t->tcp_read_size) + be16toh(t->tcp_read_size)) {
-                                ssize_t ss;
+        for (i = 0; i < q->question->n_keys; i++) {
+                r = dns_query_add_transaction(q, s, q->question->keys[i]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
-                                if (!t->received) {
-                                        r = dns_packet_new(&t->received, be16toh(t->tcp_read_size));
-                                        if (r < 0) {
-                                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                                return r;
-                                        }
-                                }
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                                ss = read(fd,
-                                          (uint8_t*) DNS_PACKET_DATA(t->received) + t->tcp_read - sizeof(t->tcp_read_size),
-                                          sizeof(t->tcp_read_size) + be16toh(t->tcp_read_size) - t->tcp_read);
-                                if (ss < 0) {
-                                        if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
-                                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                                return -errno;
-                                        }
-                                } else if (ss == 0) {
-                                        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                        return -EIO;
-                                }  else
-                                        t->tcp_read += ss;
-                        }
+static int SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(int ifindex) {
 
-                        if (t->tcp_read >= sizeof(t->tcp_read_size) + be16toh(t->tcp_read_size)) {
-                                t->received->size = be16toh(t->tcp_read_size);
-                                dns_query_transaction_reply(t, t->received);
-                                return 0;
-                        }
-                }
+        /* When the caller asked for resolving on a specific
+         * interface, we synthesize the answer for that
+         * interface. However, if nothing specific was claimed and we
+         * only return localhost RRs, we synthesize the answer for
+         * localhost. */
+
+        if (ifindex > 0)
+                return ifindex;
+
+        return LOOPBACK_IFINDEX;
+}
+
+static int SYNTHESIZE_FAMILY(uint64_t flags) {
+
+        /* Picks an address family depending on set flags. This is
+         * purely for synthesized answers, where the family we return
+         * for the reply should match what was requested in the
+         * question, even though we are synthesizing the answer
+         * here. */
+
+        if (!(flags & SD_RESOLVED_DNS)) {
+                if (flags & SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV4)
+                        return AF_INET;
+                if (flags & SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR_IPV6)
+                        return AF_INET6;
         }
 
-        return 0;
+        return AF_UNSPEC;
 }
 
-static int dns_query_transaction_start_tcp(DnsQueryTransaction *t) {
-        int r;
+static DnsProtocol SYNTHESIZE_PROTOCOL(uint64_t flags) {
 
-        assert(t);
+        /* Similar as SYNTHESIZE_FAMILY() but does this for the
+         * protocol. If resolving via DNS was requested, we claim it
+         * was DNS. Similar, if nothing specific was
+         * requested. However, if only resolving via LLMNR was
+         * requested we return that. */
 
-        if (t->tcp_fd >= 0)
-                return 0;
+        if (flags & SD_RESOLVED_DNS)
+                return DNS_PROTOCOL_DNS;
+        if (flags & SD_RESOLVED_LLMNR)
+                return DNS_PROTOCOL_LLMNR;
 
-        t->tcp_written = 0;
-        t->tcp_read = 0;
-        t->received = dns_packet_unref(t->received);
+        return DNS_PROTOCOL_DNS;
+}
 
-        t->tcp_fd = dns_scope_tcp_socket(t->scope);
-        if (t->tcp_fd < 0)
-                return t->tcp_fd;
+static int dns_type_to_af(uint16_t t) {
+        switch (t) {
 
-        r = sd_event_add_io(t->query->manager->event, &t->tcp_event_source, t->tcp_fd, EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT, on_tcp_ready, t);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                t->tcp_fd = safe_close(t->tcp_fd);
-                return r;
-        }
+        case DNS_TYPE_A:
+                return AF_INET;
 
-        return 0;
+        case DNS_TYPE_AAAA:
+                return AF_INET6;
+
+        case DNS_TYPE_ANY:
+                return AF_UNSPEC;
+
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
 }
 
-void dns_query_transaction_reply(DnsQueryTransaction *t, DnsPacket *p) {
+static int synthesize_localhost_rr(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceKey *key, DnsAnswer **answer) {
         int r;
 
-        assert(t);
-        assert(p);
+        assert(q);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(answer);
 
-        if (t->state != DNS_QUERY_PENDING)
-                return;
+        r = dns_answer_reserve(answer, 2);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (t->received != p) {
-                dns_packet_unref(t->received);
-                t->received = dns_packet_ref(p);
-        }
+        if (IN_SET(key->type, DNS_TYPE_A, DNS_TYPE_ANY)) {
+                _cleanup_(dns_resource_record_unrefp) DnsResourceRecord *rr = NULL;
 
-        if (t->tcp_fd >= 0) {
-                if (DNS_PACKET_TC(p)) {
-                        /* Truncated via TCP? Somebody must be fucking with us */
-                        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_INVALID_REPLY);
-                        return;
-                }
+                rr = dns_resource_record_new_full(DNS_CLASS_IN, DNS_TYPE_A, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key));
+                if (!rr)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-                if (DNS_PACKET_ID(p) != t->id) {
-                        /* Not the reply to our query? Somebody must be fucking with us */
-                        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_INVALID_REPLY);
-                        return;
-                }
+                rr->a.in_addr.s_addr = htobe32(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+
+                r = dns_answer_add(*answer, rr, SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        if (DNS_PACKET_TC(p)) {
-                /* Response was truncated, let's try again with good old TCP */
-                r = dns_query_transaction_start_tcp(t);
-                if (r == -ESRCH) {
-                        /* No servers found? Damn! */
-                        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_NO_SERVERS);
-                        return;
-                }
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        /* Couldn't send? Try immediately again, with a new server */
-                        dns_scope_next_dns_server(t->scope);
+        if (IN_SET(key->type, DNS_TYPE_AAAA, DNS_TYPE_ANY)) {
+                _cleanup_(dns_resource_record_unrefp) DnsResourceRecord *rr = NULL;
 
-                        r = dns_query_transaction_start(t);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
-                                return;
-                        }
+                rr = dns_resource_record_new_full(DNS_CLASS_IN, DNS_TYPE_AAAA, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key));
+                if (!rr)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-                        return;
-                }
+                rr->aaaa.in6_addr = in6addr_loopback;
+
+                r = dns_answer_add(*answer, rr, SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        if (DNS_PACKET_RCODE(p) == DNS_RCODE_SUCCESS)
-                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_SUCCESS);
-        else
-                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_FAILURE);
+        return 0;
 }
 
-static int on_transaction_timeout(sd_event_source *s, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
-        DnsQueryTransaction *t = userdata;
-        int r;
+static int answer_add_ptr(DnsAnswer **answer, const char *from, const char *to, int ifindex) {
+        _cleanup_(dns_resource_record_unrefp) DnsResourceRecord *rr = NULL;
 
-        assert(s);
-        assert(t);
+        rr = dns_resource_record_new_full(DNS_CLASS_IN, DNS_TYPE_PTR, from);
+        if (!rr)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        rr->ptr.name = strdup(to);
+        if (!rr->ptr.name)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return dns_answer_add(*answer, rr, ifindex);
+}
 
-        /* Timeout reached? Try again, with a new server */
-        dns_scope_next_dns_server(t->scope);
+static int synthesize_localhost_ptr(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceKey *key, DnsAnswer **answer) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(q);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(answer);
 
-        r = dns_query_transaction_start(t);
+        r = dns_answer_reserve(answer, 1);
         if (r < 0)
-                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_RESOURCES);
+                return r;
+
+        if (IN_SET(key->type, DNS_TYPE_PTR, DNS_TYPE_ANY)) {
+                r = answer_add_ptr(answer, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key), "localhost", SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int dns_query_make_packet(DnsQueryTransaction *t) {
-        _cleanup_(dns_packet_unrefp) DnsPacket *p = NULL;
-        unsigned n;
-        int r;
+static int answer_add_addresses_rr(
+                DnsAnswer **answer,
+                const char *name,
+                struct local_address *addresses,
+                unsigned n_addresses) {
 
-        assert(t);
+        unsigned j;
+        int r;
 
-        if (t->sent)
-                return 0;
+        assert(answer);
+        assert(name);
 
-        r = dns_packet_new_query(&p, 0);
+        r = dns_answer_reserve(answer, n_addresses);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        for (n = 0; n < t->query->n_keys; n++) {
-                r = dns_packet_append_key(p, &t->query->keys[n], NULL);
+        for (j = 0; j < n_addresses; j++) {
+                _cleanup_(dns_resource_record_unrefp) DnsResourceRecord *rr = NULL;
+
+                r = dns_resource_record_new_address(&rr, addresses[j].family, &addresses[j].address, name);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
-        }
-
-        DNS_PACKET_HEADER(p)->qdcount = htobe16(t->query->n_keys);
-        DNS_PACKET_HEADER(p)->id = t->id;
 
-        t->sent = p;
-        p = NULL;
+                r = dns_answer_add(*answer, rr, addresses[j].ifindex);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int dns_query_transaction_start(DnsQueryTransaction *t) {
+static int answer_add_addresses_ptr(
+                DnsAnswer **answer,
+                const char *name,
+                struct local_address *addresses,
+                unsigned n_addresses,
+                int af, const union in_addr_union *match) {
+
+        unsigned j;
         int r;
 
-        assert(t);
+        assert(answer);
+        assert(name);
 
-        dns_query_transaction_stop(t);
+        for (j = 0; j < n_addresses; j++) {
+                _cleanup_(dns_resource_record_unrefp) DnsResourceRecord *rr = NULL;
 
-        if (t->n_attempts >= ATTEMPTS_MAX) {
-                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_ATTEMPTS_MAX);
-                return 0;
+                if (af != AF_UNSPEC) {
+
+                        if (addresses[j].family != af)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (match && !in_addr_equal(af, match, &addresses[j].address))
+                                continue;
+                }
+
+                r = dns_answer_reserve(answer, 1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = dns_resource_record_new_reverse(&rr, addresses[j].family, &addresses[j].address, name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = dns_answer_add(*answer, rr, addresses[j].ifindex);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = dns_query_make_packet(t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int synthesize_system_hostname_rr(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceKey *key, DnsAnswer **answer) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+        int n = 0, af;
+
+        assert(q);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(answer);
+
+        af = dns_type_to_af(key->type);
+        if (af >= 0) {
+                n = local_addresses(q->manager->rtnl, q->ifindex, af, &addresses);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return n;
+
+                if (n == 0) {
+                        struct local_address buffer[2];
+
+                        /* If we have no local addresses then use ::1
+                         * and 127.0.0.2 as local ones. */
+
+                        if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
+                                buffer[n++] = (struct local_address) {
+                                        .family = AF_INET,
+                                        .ifindex = SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex),
+                                        .address.in.s_addr = htobe32(0x7F000002),
+                                };
+
+                        if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
+                                buffer[n++] = (struct local_address) {
+                                        .family = AF_INET6,
+                                        .ifindex = SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex),
+                                        .address.in6 = in6addr_loopback,
+                                };
+
+                        return answer_add_addresses_rr(answer, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key), buffer, n);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return answer_add_addresses_rr(answer, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key), addresses, n);
+}
 
-        t->n_attempts++;
-        t->received = dns_packet_unref(t->received);
+static int synthesize_system_hostname_ptr(DnsQuery *q, int af, const union in_addr_union *address, DnsAnswer **answer) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+        int n, r;
+
+        assert(q);
+        assert(address);
+        assert(answer);
 
-        /* Try via UDP, and if that fails due to large size try via TCP */
-        r = dns_scope_send(t->scope, t->sent);
-        if (r == -EMSGSIZE)
-                r = dns_query_transaction_start_tcp(t);
+        if (af == AF_INET && address->in.s_addr == htobe32(0x7F000002)) {
+
+                /* Always map the IPv4 address 127.0.0.2 to the local
+                 * hostname, in addition to "localhost": */
+
+                r = dns_answer_reserve(answer, 3);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = answer_add_ptr(answer, "2.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa", q->manager->llmnr_hostname, SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = answer_add_ptr(answer, "2.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa", q->manager->mdns_hostname, SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = answer_add_ptr(answer, "2.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa", "localhost", SYNTHESIZE_IFINDEX(q->ifindex));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-        if (r == -ESRCH) {
-                dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_NO_SERVERS);
                 return 0;
         }
-        if (r < 0) {
-                /* Couldn't send? Try immediately again, with a new server */
-                dns_scope_next_dns_server(t->scope);
 
-                return dns_query_transaction_start(t);
-        }
+        n = local_addresses(q->manager->rtnl, q->ifindex, af, &addresses);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
 
-        r = sd_event_add_time(t->query->manager->event, &t->timeout_event_source, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT_USEC, 0, on_transaction_timeout, t);
+        r = answer_add_addresses_ptr(answer, q->manager->llmnr_hostname, addresses, n, af, address);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        dns_query_transaction_set_state(t, DNS_QUERY_PENDING);
-        return 1;
+        return answer_add_addresses_ptr(answer, q->manager->mdns_hostname, addresses, n, af, address);
 }
 
-DnsQuery *dns_query_free(DnsQuery *q) {
-        unsigned n;
+static int synthesize_gateway_rr(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceKey *key, DnsAnswer **answer) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+        int n = 0, af;
 
-        if (!q)
-                return NULL;
+        assert(q);
+        assert(key);
+        assert(answer);
+
+        af = dns_type_to_af(key->type);
+        if (af >= 0) {
+                n = local_gateways(q->manager->rtnl, q->ifindex, af, &addresses);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return n;
+        }
 
-        sd_bus_message_unref(q->request);
-        dns_packet_unref(q->received);
-        sd_event_source_unref(q->timeout_event_source);
+        return answer_add_addresses_rr(answer, DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(key), addresses, n);
+}
 
-        while (q->transactions)
-                dns_query_transaction_free(q->transactions);
+static int synthesize_gateway_ptr(DnsQuery *q, int af, const union in_addr_union *address, DnsAnswer **answer) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+        int n;
 
-        if (q->manager)
-                LIST_REMOVE(queries, q->manager->dns_queries, q);
+        assert(q);
+        assert(address);
+        assert(answer);
 
-        for (n = 0; n < q->n_keys; n++)
-                free(q->keys[n].name);
-        free(q->keys);
-        free(q);
+        n = local_gateways(q->manager->rtnl, q->ifindex, af, &addresses);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
 
-        return NULL;
+        return answer_add_addresses_ptr(answer, "gateway", addresses, n, af, address);
 }
 
-int dns_query_new(Manager *m, DnsQuery **ret, DnsResourceKey *keys, unsigned n_keys) {
-        _cleanup_(dns_query_freep) DnsQuery *q = NULL;
-        const char *name = NULL;
-
-        assert(m);
+static int dns_query_synthesize_reply(DnsQuery *q, DnsTransactionState *state) {
+        _cleanup_(dns_answer_unrefp) DnsAnswer *answer = NULL;
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
 
-        if (n_keys <= 0 || n_keys >= 65535)
-                return -EINVAL;
+        assert(q);
+        assert(state);
 
-        assert(keys);
+        /* Tries to synthesize localhost RR replies where appropriate */
 
-        q = new0(DnsQuery, 1);
-        if (!q)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (!IN_SET(*state,
+                    DNS_TRANSACTION_FAILURE,
+                    DNS_TRANSACTION_NO_SERVERS,
+                    DNS_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT,
+                    DNS_TRANSACTION_ATTEMPTS_MAX_REACHED))
+                return 0;
 
-        q->keys = new(DnsResourceKey, n_keys);
-        if (!q->keys)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        for (i = 0; i < q->question->n_keys; i++) {
+                union in_addr_union address;
+                const char *name;
+                int af;
 
-        for (q->n_keys = 0; q->n_keys < n_keys; q->n_keys++) {
-                q->keys[q->n_keys].class = keys[q->n_keys].class;
-                q->keys[q->n_keys].type = keys[q->n_keys].type;
-                q->keys[q->n_keys].name = strdup(keys[q->n_keys].name);
-                if (!q->keys[q->n_keys].name)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                if (q->question->keys[i]->class != DNS_CLASS_IN &&
+                    q->question->keys[i]->class != DNS_CLASS_ANY)
+                        continue;
 
-                if (!name)
-                        name = q->keys[q->n_keys].name;
-                else if (!dns_name_equal(name, q->keys[q->n_keys].name))
-                        return -EINVAL;
-        }
+                name = DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(q->question->keys[i]);
 
-        LIST_PREPEND(queries, m->dns_queries, q);
-        q->manager = m;
+                if (is_localhost(name)) {
 
-        if (ret)
-                *ret = q;
-        q = NULL;
+                        r = synthesize_localhost_rr(q, q->question->keys[i], &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize localhost RRs: %m");
 
-        return 0;
-}
+                } else if (manager_is_own_hostname(q->manager, name)) {
 
-static void dns_query_stop(DnsQuery *q) {
-        assert(q);
+                        r = synthesize_system_hostname_rr(q, q->question->keys[i], &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize system hostname RRs: %m");
 
-        q->timeout_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(q->timeout_event_source);
+                } else if (is_gateway_hostname(name)) {
 
-        while (q->transactions)
-                dns_query_transaction_free(q->transactions);
-}
+                        r = synthesize_gateway_rr(q, q->question->keys[i], &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize gateway RRs: %m");
 
-static void dns_query_set_state(DnsQuery *q, DnsQueryState state) {
-        DnsQueryState old_state;
-        assert(q);
+                } else if ((dns_name_endswith(name, "127.in-addr.arpa") > 0 && dns_name_equal(name, "2.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa") == 0) ||
+                           dns_name_equal(name, "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa") > 0) {
 
-        if (q->state == state)
-                return;
+                        r = synthesize_localhost_ptr(q, q->question->keys[i], &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize localhost PTR RRs: %m");
 
-        old_state = q->state;
-        q->state = state;
+                } else if (dns_name_address(name, &af, &address) > 0) {
 
-        if (!IN_SET(state, DNS_QUERY_NULL, DNS_QUERY_PENDING)) {
-                dns_query_stop(q);
+                        r = synthesize_system_hostname_ptr(q, af, &address, &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize system hostname PTR RR: %m");
 
-                if (old_state == DNS_QUERY_PENDING && q->complete)
-                        q->complete(q);
+                        r = synthesize_gateway_ptr(q, af, &address, &answer);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to synthesize gateway hostname PTR RR: %m");
+                }
         }
-}
 
-static int on_query_timeout(sd_event_source *s, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
-        DnsQuery *q = userdata;
+        if (!answer)
+                return 0;
 
-        assert(s);
-        assert(q);
+        dns_answer_unref(q->answer);
+        q->answer = answer;
+        answer = NULL;
 
-        dns_query_set_state(q, DNS_QUERY_TIMEOUT);
-        return 0;
+        q->answer_family = SYNTHESIZE_FAMILY(q->flags);
+        q->answer_protocol = SYNTHESIZE_PROTOCOL(q->flags);
+        q->answer_rcode = DNS_RCODE_SUCCESS;
+
+        *state = DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS;
+
+        return 1;
 }
 
-int dns_query_start(DnsQuery *q) {
+int dns_query_go(DnsQuery *q) {
         DnsScopeMatch found = DNS_SCOPE_NO;
         DnsScope *s, *first = NULL;
-        DnsQueryTransaction *t;
+        DnsTransaction *t;
+        const char *name;
+        Iterator i;
         int r;
 
         assert(q);
 
-        if (q->state != DNS_QUERY_NULL)
+        if (q->state != DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL)
                 return 0;
 
-        assert(q->n_keys > 0);
+        assert(q->question);
+        assert(q->question->n_keys > 0);
+
+        name = DNS_RESOURCE_KEY_NAME(q->question->keys[0]);
 
         LIST_FOREACH(scopes, s, q->manager->dns_scopes) {
                 DnsScopeMatch match;
 
-                match = dns_scope_test(s, q->keys[0].name);
+                match = dns_scope_good_domain(s, q->ifindex, q->flags, name);
                 if (match < 0)
                         return match;
 
@@ -529,46 +647,63 @@ int dns_query_start(DnsQuery *q) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (found == DNS_SCOPE_NO)
-                return -ESRCH;
+        if (found == DNS_SCOPE_NO) {
+                DnsTransactionState state = DNS_TRANSACTION_NO_SERVERS;
+
+                dns_query_synthesize_reply(q, &state);
+                dns_query_complete(q, state);
+                return 1;
+        }
 
-        r = dns_query_transaction_new(q, NULL, first);
+        r = dns_query_add_transaction_split(q, first);
         if (r < 0)
-                return r;
+                goto fail;
 
         LIST_FOREACH(scopes, s, first->scopes_next) {
                 DnsScopeMatch match;
 
-                match = dns_scope_test(s, q->keys[0].name);
+                match = dns_scope_good_domain(s, q->ifindex, q->flags, name);
                 if (match < 0)
-                        return match;
+                        goto fail;
 
                 if (match != found)
                         continue;
 
-                r = dns_query_transaction_new(q, NULL, s);
+                r = dns_query_add_transaction_split(q, s);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
+                        goto fail;
         }
 
-        q->received = dns_packet_unref(q->received);
-
-        r = sd_event_add_time(q->manager->event, &q->timeout_event_source, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + QUERY_TIMEOUT_USEC, 0, on_query_timeout, q);
+        q->answer = dns_answer_unref(q->answer);
+        q->answer_rcode = 0;
+        q->answer_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+        q->answer_protocol = _DNS_PROTOCOL_INVALID;
+
+        r = sd_event_add_time(
+                        q->manager->event,
+                        &q->timeout_event_source,
+                        clock_boottime_or_monotonic(),
+                        now(clock_boottime_or_monotonic()) + QUERY_TIMEOUT_USEC, 0,
+                        on_query_timeout, q);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        dns_query_set_state(q, DNS_QUERY_PENDING);
+        q->state = DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING;
+        q->block_ready++;
 
-        LIST_FOREACH(transactions_by_query, t, q->transactions) {
+        /* Start the transactions that are not started yet */
+        SET_FOREACH(t, q->transactions, i) {
+                if (t->state != DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL)
+                        continue;
 
-                r = dns_query_transaction_start(t);
+                r = dns_transaction_go(t);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
-
-                if (q->state != DNS_QUERY_PENDING)
-                        break;
         }
 
+        q->block_ready--;
+        dns_query_ready(q);
+
         return 1;
 
 fail:
@@ -576,129 +711,177 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
-void dns_query_finish(DnsQuery *q) {
-        DnsQueryTransaction *t;
-        DnsQueryState state = DNS_QUERY_NO_SERVERS;
-        DnsPacket *received = NULL;
+void dns_query_ready(DnsQuery *q) {
+        DnsTransaction *t;
+        DnsTransactionState state = DNS_TRANSACTION_NO_SERVERS;
+        _cleanup_(dns_answer_unrefp) DnsAnswer *answer = NULL;
+        int rcode = 0;
+        DnsScope *scope = NULL;
+        bool pending = false;
+        Iterator i;
 
         assert(q);
+        assert(IN_SET(q->state, DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL, DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING));
+
+        /* Note that this call might invalidate the query. Callers
+         * should hence not attempt to access the query or transaction
+         * after calling this function, unless the block_ready
+         * counter was explicitly bumped before doing so. */
 
-        if (q->state != DNS_QUERY_PENDING)
+        if (q->block_ready > 0)
                 return;
 
-        LIST_FOREACH(transactions_by_query, t, q->transactions) {
+        SET_FOREACH(t, q->transactions, i) {
 
-                /* One of the transactions is still going on, let's wait for it */
-                if (t->state == DNS_QUERY_PENDING || t->state == DNS_QUERY_NULL)
-                        return;
+                /* If we found a successful answer, ignore all answers from other scopes */
+                if (state == DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS && t->scope != scope)
+                        continue;
 
-                /* One of the transactions is successful, let's use it */
-                if (t->state == DNS_QUERY_SUCCESS) {
-                        q->received = dns_packet_ref(t->received);
-                        dns_query_set_state(q, DNS_QUERY_SUCCESS);
-                        return;
+                /* One of the transactions is still going on, let's maybe wait for it */
+                if (IN_SET(t->state, DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING, DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL)) {
+                        pending = true;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* One of the transactions is successful, let's use
+                 * it, and copy its data out */
+                if (t->state == DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS) {
+                        DnsAnswer *a;
+
+                        if (t->received) {
+                                rcode = DNS_PACKET_RCODE(t->received);
+                                a = t->received->answer;
+                        } else {
+                                rcode = t->cached_rcode;
+                                a = t->cached;
+                        }
+
+                        if (state == DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS) {
+                                DnsAnswer *merged;
+
+                                merged = dns_answer_merge(answer, a);
+                                if (!merged) {
+                                        dns_query_complete(q, DNS_TRANSACTION_RESOURCES);
+                                        return;
+                                }
+
+                                dns_answer_unref(answer);
+                                answer = merged;
+                        } else {
+                                dns_answer_unref(answer);
+                                answer = dns_answer_ref(a);
+                        }
+
+                        scope = t->scope;
+                        state = DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS;
+                        continue;
                 }
 
                 /* One of the transactions has failed, let's see
                  * whether we find anything better, but if not, return
-                 * its response packet */
-                if (t->state == DNS_QUERY_FAILURE) {
-                        received = t->received;
-                        state = DNS_QUERY_FAILURE;
+                 * its response data */
+                if (state != DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS && t->state == DNS_TRANSACTION_FAILURE) {
+                        DnsAnswer *a;
+
+                        if (t->received) {
+                                rcode = DNS_PACKET_RCODE(t->received);
+                                a = t->received->answer;
+                        } else {
+                                rcode = t->cached_rcode;
+                                a = t->cached;
+                        }
+
+                        dns_answer_unref(answer);
+                        answer = dns_answer_ref(a);
+
+                        scope = t->scope;
+                        state = DNS_TRANSACTION_FAILURE;
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                if (state == DNS_QUERY_NO_SERVERS && t->state != DNS_QUERY_NO_SERVERS)
+                if (state == DNS_TRANSACTION_NO_SERVERS && t->state != DNS_TRANSACTION_NO_SERVERS)
                         state = t->state;
         }
 
-        if (state == DNS_QUERY_FAILURE)
-                q->received = dns_packet_ref(received);
-
-        dns_query_set_state(q, state);
-}
-
-int dns_query_follow_cname(DnsQuery *q, const char *name) {
-        DnsResourceKey *keys;
-        unsigned i;
-
-        assert(q);
+        if (pending) {
 
-        if (q->n_cname > CNAME_MAX)
-                return -ELOOP;
-
-        keys = new(DnsResourceKey, q->n_keys);
-        if (!keys)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < q->n_keys; i++) {
-                keys[i].class = q->keys[i].class;
-                keys[i].type = q->keys[i].type;
-                keys[i].name = strdup(name);
-                if (!keys[i].name) {
+                /* If so far we weren't successful, and there's
+                 * something still pending, then wait for it */
+                if (state != DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS)
+                        return;
 
-                        for (; i > 0; i--)
-                                free(keys[i-1].name);
-                        free(keys);
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                /* If we already were successful, then only wait for
+                 * other transactions on the same scope to finish. */
+                SET_FOREACH(t, q->transactions, i) {
+                        if (t->scope == scope && IN_SET(t->state, DNS_TRANSACTION_PENDING, DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL))
+                                return;
                 }
         }
 
-        for (i = 0; i < q->n_keys; i++)
-                free(q->keys[i].name);
-        free(q->keys);
-
-        q->keys = keys;
+        if (IN_SET(state, DNS_TRANSACTION_SUCCESS, DNS_TRANSACTION_FAILURE)) {
+                q->answer = dns_answer_ref(answer);
+                q->answer_rcode = rcode;
+                q->answer_protocol = scope ? scope->protocol : _DNS_PROTOCOL_INVALID;
+                q->answer_family = scope ? scope->family : AF_UNSPEC;
+        }
 
-        q->n_cname++;
+        /* Try to synthesize a reply if we couldn't resolve something. */
+        dns_query_synthesize_reply(q, &state);
 
-        dns_query_set_state(q, DNS_QUERY_NULL);
-        return 0;
+        dns_query_complete(q, state);
 }
 
-int dns_query_matches_rr(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceRecord *rr) {
-        unsigned i;
+int dns_query_cname_redirect(DnsQuery *q, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_(dns_question_unrefp) DnsQuestion *nq = NULL;
         int r;
 
         assert(q);
-        assert(rr);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < q->n_keys; i++) {
+        if (q->n_cname_redirects > CNAME_MAX)
+                return -ELOOP;
 
-                if (rr->key.class != q->keys[i].class)
-                        continue;
+        r = dns_question_cname_redirect(q->question, name, &nq);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-                if (rr->key.type != q->keys[i].type &&
-                    q->keys[i].type != DNS_TYPE_ANY)
-                        continue;
+        dns_question_unref(q->question);
+        q->question = nq;
+        nq = NULL;
 
-                r = dns_name_equal(rr->key.name, q->keys[i].name);
-                if (r != 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
+        q->n_cname_redirects++;
+
+        dns_query_stop(q);
+        q->state = DNS_TRANSACTION_NULL;
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-int dns_query_matches_cname(DnsQuery *q, DnsResourceRecord *rr) {
-        unsigned i;
-        int r;
+static int on_bus_track(sd_bus_track *t, void *userdata) {
+        DnsQuery *q = userdata;
 
+        assert(t);
         assert(q);
-        assert(rr);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < q->n_keys; i++) {
+        log_debug("Client of active query vanished, aborting query.");
+        dns_query_complete(q, DNS_TRANSACTION_ABORTED);
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                if (rr->key.class != q->keys[i].class)
-                        continue;
+int dns_query_bus_track(DnsQuery *q, sd_bus_message *m) {
+        int r;
 
-                if (rr->key.type != DNS_TYPE_CNAME)
-                        continue;
+        assert(q);
+        assert(m);
 
-                r = dns_name_equal(rr->key.name, q->keys[i].name);
-                if (r != 0)
+        if (!q->bus_track) {
+                r = sd_bus_track_new(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m), &q->bus_track, on_bus_track, q);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }
 
+        r = sd_bus_track_add_sender(q->bus_track, m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         return 0;
 }