Expose the provider `c_get_params` function via PROV_CTX.

Expose the provider `c_get_params` function via PROV_CTX.

This applies to the base, default and FIPS providers, could be added in
principle also to the legacy provider, but there's no compelling reason
to do that at the moment.

Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <ppzgs1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/26530)