midx: teach `prepare_midx_pack()` about incremental MIDXs

midx: teach `prepare_midx_pack()` about incremental MIDXs

The function `prepare_midx_pack()` is part of the midx.h API and
loads the pack identified by the MIDX-local 'pack_int_id'. This patch
prepares that function to be aware of an incremental MIDX world.

To do this, introduce the second of the two general purpose helpers
mentioned in the previous commit. This commit introduces
`midx_for_pack()`, which is the pack-specific analog of
`midx_for_object()`, and works in the same fashion.

Like `midx_for_object()`, this function chases down the '->base_midx'
field until it finds the MIDX layer within the chain that contains the
given pack.

Use this function within `prepare_midx_pack()` so that the `pack_int_id`
it expects is now relative to the entire MIDX chain, and that it
prepares the given pack in the appropriate MIDX.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>