rust: device: make Core and CoreInternal lifetime-parameterized

rust: device: make Core and CoreInternal lifetime-parameterized

Device<Core> references in probe callbacks are scoped to the callback,
not the full binding duration. Add a lifetime parameter to Core and
CoreInternal to accurately represent this in the type system.

Suggested-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Eliot Courtney <ecourtney@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260525202921.124698-12-dakr@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>