libstdc++: Define C++20 range utilities and range factories
This adds another chunk of the <ranges> header.
The changes from P1456R1 (Move-only views) and P1862R1 (Range adaptors
for non-copyable iterators) are included, but not the changes from
P1870R1 (forwarding-range<T> is too subtle).
The tests for subrange and iota_view are poor and should be improved.