Uniquify FROMs when traversing through select

Uniquify FROMs when traversing through select

Fixed a critical performance issue where the traversal of a
:func:`_sql.select` construct would traverse a repetitive product of the
represented FROM clauses as they were each referred towards by columns in
the columns clause; for a series of nested subqueries with lots of columns
this could cause a large delay and significant memory growth. This
traversal is used by a wide variety of SQL and ORM functions, including by
the ORM :class:`_orm.Session` when it's configured to have
"table-per-bind", which while this is not a common use case, it seems to be
what Flask-SQLAlchemy is hardcoded as using, so the issue impacts
Flask-SQLAlchemy users. The traversal has been repaired to uniqify on FROM
clauses which was effectively what would happen implicitly with the pre-1.4
architecture.

Fixes: #6304
Change-Id: I43497e943db4065deab0bfc830fbb68c17b80a53