PR libstdc++/86138 prevent implicit instantiation of COW empty rep

PR libstdc++/86138 prevent implicit instantiation of COW empty rep

The explicit instantiation declarations for std::basic_string are
disabled for C++17 (and later) so that basic_string symbols get
implicitly instantiated in every translation unit that needs them.  On
targets that don't support STB_GNU_UNIQUE this leads to multiple copies
of the empty rep symbol for COW strings. In order to detect whether a
COW string needs to deallocate its storage it compares the address with
the empty rep.  When there are multiple copies of the empty rep object
the address is not unique, and so string destructors try to delete the
empty rep, which crashes.

In order to guarantee uniqueness of the _S_empty_rep_storage symbol this
patch adds an explicit instantiation declaration for just that symbol.
This means the other symbols are still implicitly instantiated in C++17
code, but for the empty rep the definition in the library gets used.

Separately, there is no need for C++17 code to implicitly instantiate
the I/O functions for strings, so this also restores the explicit
instantiation declarations for those functions.

Backport from mainline
2018-06-22  Jonathan Wakely  <jwakely@redhat.com>

	PR libstdc++/86138
	* include/bits/basic_string.tcc:
	[__cplusplus > 201402 && !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI]
	(basic_string<char>::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage)
	(basic_string<wchar_t>::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage): Add explicit
	instantiation declarations.
	[__cplusplus > 201402] (operator>>, operator<<, getline): Re-enable
	explicit instantiation declarations.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/cons/char/86138.cc: New.
	* testsuite/21_strings/basic_string/cons/wchar_t/86138.cc: New.

From-SVN: r261907