[BUG] task: fix possible timer drift after update

[BUG] task: fix possible timer drift after update

When the scheduler detected that a task was misplaced in the timer
queue, it used to place it right again. Unfortunately, it did not
check whether it would still call the new task from its new place.
This resulted in some tasks not getting called on timeout once in
a while, causing a minor drift for repetitive timers. This effect
was only observable with slow health checks and without any activity
because no other task would cause the scheduler to be immediately
called again.

In practice, it does not affect any real-world configuration, but
it's still better to fix it.
(cherry picked from commit 814c978fb67782ceeaf1db74abfe7083938bedff)