libstdc++: Remove non-standard public members in std::bitset
This makes _M_copy_from_ptr, _M_copy_from_string and _M_copy_to_string
private, and declares operator<< and operator>> as friends.
Also remove the historical _M_copy_from_string and _M_copy_to_string
overloads. Those were used before DR 396 was implemented but are
not needed now. There are no tests or docs describing them, so I don't
think we intend to support them as extensions.