packed-backend: check whether the refname contains NUL characters

packed-backend: check whether the refname contains NUL characters

"packed-backend.c::next_record" will use "check_refname_format" to check
the consistency of the refname. If it is not OK, the program will die.
However, it is reported in [1], we cannot catch some corruption. But we
already have the code path and we must miss out something.

We use the following code to get the refname:

    strbuf_add(&iter->refname_buf, p, eol - p);
    iter->base.refname = iter->refname_buf.buf

In the above code, `p` is the start pointer of the refname and `eol` is
the next newline pointer. We calculate the length of the refname by
subtracting the two pointers. Then we add the memory range between `p`
and `eol` to get the refname.

However, if there are some NUL characters in the memory range between `p`
and `eol`, we will see the refname as a valid ref name as long as the
memory range between `p` and first occurred NUL character is valid.

In order to catch above corruption, create a new function
"refname_contains_nul" by searching the first NUL character. If it is
not at the end of the string, there must be some NUL characters in the
refname.

Use this function in "next_record" function to die the program if
"refname_contains_nul" returns true.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/6cfee0e4-3285-4f18-91ff-d097da9de737@rd10.de/

Reported-by: R. Diez <rdiez-temp3@rd10.de>
Mentored-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Mentored-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: shejialuo <shejialuo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>