Refactor FIPS self-tests to use ID-based lookup

Refactor FIPS self-tests to use ID-based lookup

Consolidate separate self-test data arrays into a single `st_all_tests`
array indexed by a new `self_test_id_t` enumeration.

This replaces string-based algorithm lookups with direct array indexing
for running self-tests, simplifying the code and state management. The
`FIPS_DEFERRED_TEST` structure and `self_test_data.h` file are removed,
and the FIPS provider and implementations are updated to use the new
ID-based API.

Signed-off-by: Simo Sorce <simo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Belyavskiy <beldmit@gmail.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/29222)