math: Use acosf from CORE-MATH

math: Use acosf from CORE-MATH

The CORE-MATH implementation is correctly rounded (for any rounding mode)
and shows slight better performance to the generic acosf.

The code was adapted to glibc style and to use the definition of
math_config.h (to handle errno, overflow, and underflow).

Benchtest on x64_64 (Ryzen 9 5900X, gcc 14.2.1), aarch64 (Neoverse-N1,
gcc 13.3.1), and powerpc (POWER10, gcc 13.2.1):

Latency                      master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      52.5098        36.6312        30.24%
x86_64v2                    53.0217        37.3091        29.63%
x86_64v3                    42.8501        32.3977        24.39%
i686                       207.3960       109.4000        47.25%
aarch64                     21.3694        13.7871        35.48%
power10                     14.5542         7.2891        49.92%

reciprocal-throughput        master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      14.1487        15.9508       -12.74%
x86_64v2                    14.3293        16.1899       -12.98%
x86_64v3                    13.6563        12.6161         7.62%
i686                       158.4060        45.7354        71.13%
aarch64                     12.5515        9.19233        26.76%
power10                      5.7868         3.3487        42.13%

Signed-off-by: Alexei Sibidanov <sibid@uvic.ca>
Signed-off-by: Paul Zimmermann <Paul.Zimmermann@inria.fr>
Signed-off-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>