bpo-13097: ctypes: limit callback to 1024 arguments (GH-19914)

bpo-13097: ctypes: limit callback to 1024 arguments (GH-19914)

ctypes now raises an ArgumentError when a callback
is invoked with more than 1024 arguments.

The ctypes module allocates arguments on the stack in
ctypes_callproc() using alloca(), which is problematic
when large numbers of arguments are passed. Instead
of a stack overflow, this commit raises an ArgumentError
if more than 1024 parameters are passed.
(cherry picked from commit 29a1384c040d39659e7d01f1fd7b6eb71ef2634e)

Co-authored-by: Sean Gillespie <sean@swgillespie.me>