Fix portability problems recently exposed by regression tests on Alphas.

Fix portability problems recently exposed by regression tests on Alphas.
1. Distinguish cases where a Datum representing a tuple datatype is an OID
from cases where it is a pointer to TupleTableSlot, and make sure we use
the right typlen in each case.
2. Make fetchatt() and related code support 8-byte by-value datatypes on
machines where Datum is 8 bytes.  Centralize knowledge of the available
by-value datatype sizes in two macros in tupmacs.h, so that this will be
easier if we ever have to do it again.