libstdc++: Implement std::atomic<T*>::compare_exchange_weak

libstdc++: Implement std::atomic<T*>::compare_exchange_weak

For some reason r170217 didn't add compare_exchange_weak to the
__atomic_base<T*> partial specialization, and so weak compare exchange
operations on pointers use compare_exchange_strong instead.

This adds __atomic_base<T*>::compare_exchange_weak and then uses it in
std::atomic<T*>::compare_exchange_weak.

Signed-off-by: Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/bits/atomic_base.h (__atomic_base<P*>::compare_exchange_weak):
	Add new functions.
	* include/std/atomic (atomic<T*>::compare_exchange_weak): Use
	it.