MAJOR: buffers: replace buf->w with buf->p - buf->o

MAJOR: buffers: replace buf->w with buf->p - buf->o

This change introduces the buffer's base pointer, which is the limit between
incoming and outgoing data. It's the point where the parsing should start
from. A number of computations have already been greatly simplified, but
more simplifications are expected to come from the removal of buf->r.

The changes appear good and have revealed occasional improper use of some
pointers. It is possible that this patch has introduced bugs or revealed
some, although preliminary testings tend to indicate that everything still
works as it should.